WO2022034704A1 - 情報処理装置、情報処理方法、及びプログラム - Google Patents
情報処理装置、情報処理方法、及びプログラム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022034704A1 WO2022034704A1 PCT/JP2021/007491 JP2021007491W WO2022034704A1 WO 2022034704 A1 WO2022034704 A1 WO 2022034704A1 JP 2021007491 W JP2021007491 W JP 2021007491W WO 2022034704 A1 WO2022034704 A1 WO 2022034704A1
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- Prior art keywords
- secondary battery
- charge
- estimation model
- information processing
- discharge
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/167—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
- Y04S30/10—Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
- Y04S30/12—Remote or cooperative charging
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an information processing device, an information processing method, and a program.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a secondary battery in which metal particles are formed on a negative electrode current collector and are moved from the positive electrode by charging to form a lithium metal on the negative electrode current collector.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object thereof is an information processing apparatus capable of effectively utilizing data on a plurality of secondary batteries and predicting a deterioration state of the secondary batteries with high accuracy. , Information processing methods, and programs.
- the information processing apparatus has a first receiving unit that receives charge / discharge data of a secondary battery managed by each secondary battery management system from a plurality of secondary battery management systems, and the charge / discharge unit. It includes an estimation model generation unit that generates an estimation model for estimating a deterioration index indicating a deterioration state of the secondary battery based on the data.
- deterioration of the secondary battery is performed based on these charge / discharge data. It is possible to generate an estimation model for estimating the index. Therefore, it is possible to effectively utilize the data related to a plurality of secondary batteries and predict the deterioration state of the secondary batteries with high accuracy.
- an information processing device an information processing method, and a program capable of effectively utilizing data related to a plurality of secondary batteries and predicting a deterioration state of the secondary batteries with high accuracy. can.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of the management system 1 according to the present embodiment.
- the management system 1 includes, for example, a plurality of power supply devices 10 and a server device 20.
- Each of the plurality of power supply devices 10 includes, for example, a power supply device used by a user, for example, a battery module 100, a charger 200, a load 300, and a battery management system (BMS) 400.
- BMS battery management system
- Each BMS 400 and the server device 20 are connected to a communication network N such as the Internet so that information can be transmitted and received to each other, for example.
- the server device 20 provides BaaS (Battery as a Service) that comprehensively provides various services related to the use of the secondary battery to each user who uses the power supply device 10. ..
- BaaS Battery as a Service
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of the power supply device 10 according to the present embodiment.
- the power supply device 10 includes, for example, a battery module 100, a charger 200, a load 300, and a BMS 400.
- the battery module 100 includes a lithium secondary battery 101 as a single cell, or a plurality of lithium secondary batteries 101 connected in series and / or in parallel.
- the number of lithium secondary batteries 101 included in the battery module 100 is not particularly limited.
- the plurality of lithium secondary batteries 101 may have the same characteristics or may have different characteristics. The details of the configuration of the lithium secondary battery 101 will be described later.
- the battery module 100 further has a current sensor 102 connected in series to a plurality of lithium secondary batteries 101.
- the current sensor 102 is connected in series to a plurality of lithium secondary batteries 101, measures the current flowing through these lithium secondary batteries 101, and supplies the current value to the BMS 400.
- the battery module 100 further has a voltage sensor 103 and a temperature sensor 104 provided in each of the plurality of lithium secondary batteries 101.
- Each voltage sensor 103 is connected in parallel to each lithium secondary battery 101.
- Each voltage sensor 103 measures the voltage (voltage between terminals) between the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal of each lithium secondary battery 101, and supplies the voltage value to the BMS 400.
- the temperature sensor 104 is thermally coupled to each of the plurality of lithium secondary batteries 101, measures the temperature of each lithium secondary battery 101, and supplies the temperature value to the BMS 400.
- the configuration of the charger 200 is not particularly limited, but for example, a charging connector to which a charging plug connected to an external power source can be connected is provided, and the power supplied from the external power source is converted into the charging power of the lithium secondary battery 101. May be configured in.
- the lithium secondary battery 101 is connected to the charger 200, for example, and can be charged by the charging current supplied by the charger 200 under the control of the BMS 400.
- the configuration of the load 300 is not particularly limited, but may be configured as, for example, a drive device of an electric vehicle (electric vehicle, hybrid vehicle) or the like.
- the lithium secondary battery 101 is connected to the load 300, for example, and can supply a current to the load 300 under the control of the BMS 400.
- the BMS 400 controls the charging and discharging of the lithium secondary battery 101 included in the battery module 100.
- the configuration of the BMS 400 will be described later.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the lithium secondary battery 101 according to the present embodiment.
- the lithium secondary battery 101 of the present embodiment includes a positive electrode 12 and a negative electrode 13 having no negative electrode active material. Further, in the lithium secondary battery 101, the positive electrode current collector 11 is arranged on the side of the positive electrode 12 opposite to the surface facing the negative electrode 13, and the separator 14 is arranged between the positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 13.
- the positive electrode current collector 11 is arranged on the side of the positive electrode 12 opposite to the surface facing the negative electrode 13
- the separator 14 is arranged between the positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 13.
- the negative electrode 13 does not have a negative electrode active material.
- the "negative electrode active material” is a substance that causes an electrode reaction, that is, an oxidation reaction and a reduction reaction at the negative electrode.
- examples of the negative electrode active material of the present embodiment include a lithium metal and a host material of a lithium element (lithium ion or lithium metal).
- the lithium element host substance means a substance provided for holding lithium ions or lithium metal in the negative electrode 13.
- the mechanism of such holding is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include intercalation, alloying, and occlusion of metal clusters, and typically, intercalation.
- the negative electrode 13 since the negative electrode 13 does not have the negative electrode active material before the initial charge of the battery, lithium metal is deposited on the negative electrode 13, and the precipitated lithium metal is electrolytically eluted. Charging and discharging is performed by. Therefore, in the lithium secondary battery 101 of the present embodiment, the volume occupied by the negative electrode active material and the mass of the negative electrode active material are reduced as compared with the lithium secondary battery 101 having a negative electrode active material, and the volume and mass of the entire battery are reduced. Is small, so the energy density is high in principle.
- the negative electrode 13 does not have a negative electrode active material before the initial charge of the battery, lithium metal is deposited on the negative electrode by charging the battery, and the deposited lithium metal is deposited by the discharge of the battery. Elutes electrolytically. Therefore, in the lithium secondary battery 101 of the present embodiment, the negative electrode 13 does not substantially have the negative electrode active material even at the end of discharge of the battery. Therefore, in the lithium secondary battery 101 of the present embodiment, the negative electrode 13 acts as a negative electrode current collector.
- the lithium secondary battery 101 of the present embodiment Comparing the lithium secondary battery 101 of the present embodiment with the lithium ion battery (LIB) and the lithium metal battery (LMB), they differ in the following points.
- a lithium ion battery (LIB) the negative electrode has a host substance of a lithium element (lithium ion or lithium metal), the substance is filled with the lithium element by charging the battery, and the host substance releases the lithium element to form a battery. Is discharged.
- the LIB differs from the lithium secondary battery 101 of the present embodiment in that the negative electrode has a host substance of a lithium element.
- a lithium metal battery (LMB) is manufactured by using an electrode having a lithium metal on its surface or a lithium metal alone as a negative electrode.
- the LMB differs from the lithium secondary battery 101 of the present embodiment in that the negative electrode has a lithium metal which is a negative electrode active material immediately after assembling the battery, that is, before the initial charge of the battery.
- the LMB uses an electrode containing a highly flammable and highly reactive lithium metal for its production, but the lithium secondary battery 101 of the present embodiment uses a negative electrode 13 having no lithium metal, so that it is safer and more producible. It has excellent properties.
- the negative electrode does not have a negative electrode active material means that the negative electrode does not have or substantially does not have a negative electrode active material.
- the fact that the negative electrode has substantially no negative electrode active material means that the content of the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode is 10% by mass or less with respect to the entire negative electrode.
- the content of the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode is preferably 2% by mass or less, 1.0% by mass or less, 0.1% by mass or less, or 0, based on the entire negative electrode. It may be 0.0% by mass or less.
- lithium metal precipitates on the negative electrode means that the lithium metal is formed on the surface of the negative electrode or at least one place on the surface of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer described later formed on the surface of the negative electrode. It means that it precipitates. For example, in FIG. 1, the lithium metal precipitates on the surface of the negative electrode 13 (the interface between the negative electrode 13 and the separator 14).
- SEI solid electrolyte interface
- the term "before the initial charge” of the battery means the state from the time when the battery is assembled to the time when the battery is charged for the first time. Further, “at the end of discharge” of the battery means a state in which the voltage of the battery is 1.0 V or more and 3.8 V or less, preferably 1.0 V or more and 3.0 V or less.
- a lithium secondary battery 101 having a negative electrode having no negative electrode active material means that the negative electrode does not have a negative electrode active material before the initial charge of the battery or at the end of discharge. Therefore, the phrase “negative electrode without negative electrode active material” means “negative electrode without negative electrode active material before the initial charge of the battery or at the end of discharge” and “negative electrode active material other than lithium metal regardless of the state of charge of the battery”. It may be paraphrased as “a negative electrode having no lithium metal before the initial charge or at the end of discharge” or "a negative electrode current collector having no lithium metal before the initial charge or at the end of discharge”. .. Further, the "lithium secondary battery 101 including a negative electrode having no negative electrode active material” may be paraphrased as an anode-free lithium battery, a zero anode lithium battery, or an anodeless lithium battery.
- the content of the negative electrode active material other than the lithium metal is 10% by mass or less, preferably 2% by mass or less, with respect to the entire negative electrode, regardless of the state of charge of the battery. It may be 0.0% by mass or less, 0.1% by mass or less, or 0.0% by mass or less. Further, the negative electrode 13 of the present embodiment has a lithium metal content of 10% by mass or less, preferably 2% by mass or less, preferably 1.0% by mass, based on the entire negative electrode, before the initial charge or at the end of discharge. It may be 0% by mass or less, 0.1% by mass or less, or 0.0% by mass or less.
- the negative electrode 13 preferably has a lithium metal content of 10% by mass or less with respect to the entire negative electrode 13 before initial charging and at the end of discharging (preferably, the lithium metal content is the entire negative electrode 13). 2% by mass or less, 1.0% by mass or less, 0.1% by mass or less, or 0.0% by mass or less.)
- the lithium secondary battery 101 of the present embodiment may have a lithium metal content of 10% by mass or less with respect to the entire negative electrode 13 when the battery voltage is 1.0 V or more and 3.5 V or less. (Preferably 2% by mass or less, 1.0% by mass or less, 0.1% by mass or less, or 0.0% by mass or less); When the voltage is 1.0 V or more and 3.0 V or less, the lithium metal content may be 10% by mass or less with respect to the entire negative electrode 13 (preferably 2% by mass or less, 1.0). It may be 0% by mass or less, 0.1% by mass or less, or 0.0% by mass or less.); Or, when the battery voltage is 1.0 V or more and 2.5 V or less. In some cases, the lithium metal content may be 10% by mass or less with respect to the entire negative electrode (preferably 2% by mass or less, 1.0% by mass or less, 0.1% by mass). It may be 0% by mass or less, or 0.0% by mass or less).
- the negative electrode is obtained when the battery voltage is 3.0 V with respect to the mass M 4.2 of the lithium metal deposited on the negative electrode 13 when the battery voltage is 4.2 V.
- the ratio M 3.0 / M 4.2 of the mass M 3.0 of the lithium metal deposited on 13 is preferably 20% or less, more preferably 15% or less, still more preferably 10% or less.
- the ratio M 3.0 / M 4.2 may be 8.0% or less, 2% or less, 3.0% or less, or 1.0% or less.
- Examples of the negative electrode active material of the present embodiment include lithium metal and alloys containing lithium metal, carbon-based substances, metal oxides, metals alloyed with lithium, and alloys containing the metal.
- the carbon-based substance is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include graphene, graphite, hard carbon, mesoporous carbon, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanohorns.
- the metal oxide is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include titanium oxide-based compounds, tin oxide-based compounds, and cobalt oxide-based compounds.
- Examples of the metal alloying with lithium include silicon, germanium, tin, lead, aluminum, and gallium.
- the negative electrode 13 of the present embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it does not have a negative electrode active material and can be used as a current collector, but it reacts with, for example, Cu, Ni, Ti, Fe, and other Li.
- Examples include metals that do not, and alloys thereof, and those consisting of at least one selected from the group consisting of stainless steel (SUS).
- SUS stainless steel
- various conventionally known types of SUS can be used.
- the negative electrode material as described above one type may be used alone or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the “metal that does not react with Li” means a metal that does not react with lithium ions or lithium metal to form an alloy under the operating conditions of the lithium secondary battery 101.
- the negative electrode 13 of the present embodiment is preferably made of at least one selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ni, Ti, Fe, alloys thereof, and stainless steel (SUS), and more preferably. , Cu, Ni, and alloys thereof, and at least one selected from the group consisting of stainless steel (SUS).
- the negative electrode 13 is more preferably Cu, Ni, an alloy thereof, or stainless steel (SUS). When such a negative electrode 13 is used, the energy density and productivity of the battery tend to be further improved.
- the average thickness of the negative electrode 13 of the present embodiment is preferably 4 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and 18 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 6 ⁇ m or more and 15 ⁇ m or less. According to such an embodiment, the volume occupied by the negative electrode 13 in the battery is reduced, so that the energy density of the battery is further improved.
- the positive electrode 12 is not particularly limited as long as it has a positive electrode active material as long as it is generally used for the lithium secondary battery 101, and a known material may be appropriately selected depending on the use of the lithium secondary battery 101. can. Since the positive electrode 12 has a positive electrode active material, it has high stability and output voltage.
- the "positive electrode active material” is a substance that causes an electrode reaction, that is, an oxidation reaction and a reduction reaction at the positive electrode.
- examples of the positive electrode active material of the present embodiment include a host material of a lithium element (typically, lithium ion).
- Examples of such a positive electrode active material include, but are not limited to, metal oxides and metal phosphates.
- the metal oxide is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a cobalt oxide-based compound, a manganese oxide-based compound, and a nickel oxide-based compound.
- the metal phosphate is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include iron phosphate compounds and cobalt phosphate compounds.
- the positive electrode active material as described above one type may be used alone or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the positive electrode 12 may contain components other than the above-mentioned positive electrode active material. Such components include, but are not limited to, known conductive aids, binders, polymer electrolytes, and inorganic solid electrolytes.
- the conductive auxiliary agent in the positive electrode 12 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include carbon black, single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), carbon nanofibers (CF), and acetylene black.
- the binder is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, styrene butadiene rubber, acrylic resin, and polyimide resin.
- the content of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode 12 may be, for example, 2% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less with respect to the entire positive electrode 12.
- the content of the conductive auxiliary agent may be, for example, 0.5% by mass and 30% by mass or less with respect to the entire positive electrode 12.
- the content of the binder may be, for example, 0.5% by mass and 30% by mass or less with respect to the entire positive electrode 12.
- the total content of the solid polymer electrolyte and the inorganic solid electrolyte may be, for example, 0.5% by mass and 30% by mass or less with respect to the entire positive electrode 12.
- a positive electrode current collector 11 is arranged on one side of the positive electrode 12.
- the positive electrode current collector 11 is not particularly limited as long as it is a conductor that does not react with lithium ions in the battery. Examples of such a positive electrode current collector 11 include aluminum.
- the average thickness of the positive electrode current collector 11 is preferably 4 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and 18 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 6 ⁇ m or more and 15 ⁇ m or less. According to such an embodiment, the volume occupied by the positive electrode current collector 11 in the lithium secondary battery 101 is reduced, so that the energy density of the lithium secondary battery 101 is further improved.
- the separator 14 is a member for ensuring the ionic conductivity of lithium ions, which are charge carriers between the positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 13, while preventing the battery from short-circuiting by separating the positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 13. It is made of a material that does not have electron conductivity and does not react with lithium ions.
- the separator 14 also plays a role of holding the electrolytic solution. Although the material itself constituting the separator 14 does not have ionic conductivity, the separator 14 holds the electrolytic solution, so that lithium ions are conducted through the electrolytic solution.
- the separator 14 is not limited as long as it plays the above role, but is composed of, for example, a porous polyethylene (PE) film, a polypropylene (PP) film, or a laminated structure thereof.
- the separator 14 may be covered with a separator coating layer.
- the separator coating layer may cover both sides of the separator 14 or may cover only one side.
- the separator coating layer is not particularly limited as long as it is a member that does not react with lithium ions, but it is preferable that the separator 14 and the layer adjacent to the separator 14 can be firmly adhered to each other.
- the separator coating layer is not particularly limited, and is, for example, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), a mixture of styrene-butadiene rubber and carboxymethyl cellulose (SBR-CMC), polyacrylic acid (PAA), and lithium polyacrylic acid.
- Examples include those containing binders such as (Li-PAA), polyimide (PI), polyamideimide (PAI), and aramid.
- binders such as (Li-PAA), polyimide (PI), polyamideimide (PAI), and aramid.
- inorganic particles such as silica, alumina, titania, zirconia, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, and lithium nitrate may be added to the binder.
- the separator 14 may not have a separator coating layer or may have a separator coating layer.
- the average thickness of the separator 14 is preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 25 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 20 ⁇ m or less. According to such an embodiment, the volume occupied by the separator 14 in the lithium secondary battery 101 is reduced, so that the energy density of the lithium secondary battery 101 is further improved.
- the average thickness of the separator 14 is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 7 ⁇ m or more, and further preferably 10 ⁇ m or more. According to such an aspect, the positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 13 can be more reliably isolated, and the short circuit of the battery can be further suppressed.
- the lithium secondary battery 101 preferably has an electrolytic solution.
- the electrolytic solution may be infiltrated into the separator 14, or may be enclosed in a closed container together with the laminate of the positive electrode collector 11, the positive electrode 12, the separator 14, and the negative electrode 13. .
- the electrolytic solution is a solution containing an electrolyte and a solvent and having ionic conductivity, and acts as a conductive path for lithium ions. Therefore, according to the embodiment including the electrolytic solution, the internal resistance of the battery is further reduced, and the energy density, capacity, and cycle characteristics are further improved.
- the electrolytic solution preferably contains a fluoroalkyl compound having at least one of a monovalent group represented by the following formula (A) and a monovalent group represented by the following formula (B) as a solvent.
- the wavy line represents the binding site in the monovalent group.
- a solid electrolyte interface layer (SEI layer) is formed on the surface of the negative electrode or the like by decomposing the solvent or the like in the electrolytic solution.
- the SEI layer suppresses further decomposition of the components in the electrolytic solution in the lithium secondary battery 101, irreversible reduction of lithium ions due to the decomposition, generation of gas, and the like. Further, since the SEI layer has ionic conductivity, the reactivity of the lithium metal precipitation reaction becomes uniform in the surface direction of the negative electrode surface on the negative electrode surface on which the SEI layer is formed.
- a compound is "contained as a solvent” as long as the compound alone or a mixture with another compound is a liquid in the usage environment of the lithium secondary battery 101, and further, an electrolyte is used. Any solution may be used as long as it can be dissolved to produce an electrolytic solution in the solution phase.
- Examples of such a fluoroalkyl compound include a compound having an ether bond (hereinafter referred to as "ether compound"), a compound having an ester bond, and a compound having a carbonate bond.
- ether compound a compound having an ether bond
- ester bond a compound having an ester bond
- carbonate bond a compound having a carbonate bond.
- the alkyl fluoride compound is preferably an ether compound from the viewpoint of further improving the solubility of the electrolyte in the electrolytic solution and further facilitating the formation of the SEI layer.
- an ether compound having both a monovalent group represented by the formula (A) and a monovalent group represented by the formula (B) (hereinafter, “first fluorine solvent”).
- An ether compound having a monovalent group represented by the formula (A) and no monovalent group represented by the formula (B) (hereinafter, “second fluorine solvent”).
- second fluorine solvent also referred to as
- third fluorine solvent also known as)
- Examples of the primary fluorine solvent include 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2. Examples thereof include 3,3-tetrafluoropropyldiethoxymethane and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyldiethoxypropane. From the viewpoint of effectively and surely exerting the effect of the above-mentioned fluoroalkyl compound, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether is preferable as the first fluorine solvent. ..
- Examples of the second fluorine solvent include 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether, methyl-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether and ethyl-1. , 1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl ether, Propyl-1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl ether, 1H, 1H, 5H-Perfluoropentyl-1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl ether, And 1H, 1H, 5H-octafluoropentyl-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether and the like.
- the second fluorine solvent includes 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether and methyl-1. , 1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl ether, Ethyl-1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl ether, and 1H, 1H, 5H-Octafluoropentyl-1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl ether Is preferable.
- Examples of the third fluorine solvent include difluoromethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, trifluoromethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether and fluoromethyl-2,2,3. , 3-Tetrafluoropropyl ether, methyl-2, 2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether and the like. From the viewpoint of effectively and surely exerting the effect of the above-mentioned fluoroalkyl compound, difluoromethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether is preferable as the tertiary fluorine solvent.
- the electrolytic solution may contain a solvent having neither a monovalent group represented by the formula (A) nor a monovalent group represented by the formula (B).
- a solvent is not particularly limited, and is, for example, dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dimethoxyethane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, acetonitrile, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, chloroethylene carbonate, methyl.
- Fluorine-free solvents such as acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methylpropionate, ethyl propionate, trimethyl phosphate, and triethyl phosphate, as well as methyl nonafluorobutyl ether, ethyl nonafluorobutyl ether, 1,1, 1,2,2,3,4,5,5-decafluoro-3-methoxy-4-trifluoromethylpentane, methyl-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl ether, 1,1 , 2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropylmethyl ether, ethyl-1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyl ether, and tetrafluoroethyl tetrafluoropropyl ether and other solvents containing fluorine Can be mentioned.
- the above-mentioned solvents including the above-mentioned fluoroalkyl compound can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the fluoroalkyl compound in the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited, but is preferably 40% by volume or more, more preferably 2% by volume or more, still more preferably 2% by volume, based on the total amount of the solvent components of the electrolytic solution. It is 60% by volume or more, and even more preferably 70% by volume or more. When the content of the fluoroalkyl compound is within the above range, the SEI layer is more likely to be formed, so that the cycle characteristics of the battery tend to be further improved.
- the upper limit of the content of the alkyl fluoride compound is not particularly limited, and the content of the alkyl fluoride compound may be 100% by volume or less, or 95% by volume or less, based on the total amount of the solvent components of the electrolytic solution. It may be 90% by volume or less, or 80% by volume or less.
- the electrolyte contained in the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited as long as it is a salt, and examples thereof include salts of Li, Na, K, Ca, and Mg.
- a lithium salt is preferably used as the electrolyte.
- the lithium salt is not particularly limited, but LiI, LiCl, LiBr, LiF, LiBF 4 , LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiSO 3 CF 3 , LiN (SO 2 F) 2 , LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiN.
- lithium salts may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the concentration of the electrolyte in the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 M or more, more preferably 0.7 M or more, still more preferably 0.9 M or more, still more preferably 1.0 M or more. be. When the concentration of the electrolyte is within the above range, the SEI layer is more likely to be formed, and the internal resistance tends to be lower.
- the upper limit of the concentration of the electrolyte is not particularly limited, and the concentration of the electrolyte may be 10.0 M or less, 2 M or less, or 2.0 M or less.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the BMS 400 according to the present embodiment.
- the BMS 400 is composed of, for example, one or a plurality of computers, and has a communication unit 401, an operation unit 402, an output unit 403, a storage unit 404, and a processing unit 405.
- the BMS 400 may be, for example, a device such as a PC, a smartphone, or a tablet terminal, and can manage the lithium secondary battery 101 and receive the BaaS from the server device 20.
- the communication unit 401 includes a communication interface circuit and connects the BMS 400 to the communication network N.
- the communication unit 401 transmits the data supplied from the processing unit 405 to the server device 20 and the like via the communication network N. Further, the communication unit 401 supplies the data received from the server device 20 or the like via the communication network N to the processing unit 405.
- the operation unit 402 may be any device as long as the BMS 400 can be operated, for example, a touch panel, a key button, or the like.
- the user can input characters, numbers, symbols, etc. using the operation unit 402.
- the operation unit 402 When the operation unit 402 is operated by the user, the operation unit 402 generates a signal corresponding to the operation. Then, the generated signal is supplied to the processing unit 405 as a user's instruction.
- the output unit 403 includes, for example, a display unit and an audio output unit.
- the display unit may be any device as long as it can display an image, an image, or the like, and is, for example, a liquid crystal display, an organic EL (Electro-Luminescence) display, or the like.
- the display unit displays an image corresponding to the image data supplied from the processing unit 405, an image corresponding to the image data, and the like.
- the audio output unit is configured as, for example, a speaker, and outputs audio based on the audio data supplied from the processing unit 405.
- the storage unit 404 includes, for example, a semiconductor memory device.
- the storage unit 404 stores an operating system program, a driver program, an application program, data, and the like used for processing in the processing unit 405.
- the storage unit 404 stores, as a driver program, an input device driver program that controls the operation unit 402, an output device driver program that controls the output unit 403, and the like.
- the storage unit 404 stores, as an application program, a program for managing the BMS 400, a program for using the BaaS provided by the server device 20, and the like.
- the various programs may be installed in the storage unit 404 from a computer-readable portable recording medium such as a CD-ROM or a DVD-ROM using a known setup program or the like.
- the storage unit 404 may store charge / discharge data which is data related to charge / discharge of the lithium secondary battery 101 managed by the BMS 400. The data structure of charge / discharge data will be described later.
- the processing unit 405 includes one or a plurality of processors and their peripheral circuits.
- the processing unit 405 controls the overall operation of the BMS 400 in an integrated manner, and is, for example, a CPU.
- the processing unit 405 operates the communication unit 401, the output unit 403, and the like so that various processes of the BMS 400 are executed in an appropriate procedure based on the program stored in the storage unit 404 and the operation of the operation unit 402. Control.
- the processing unit 405 executes processing based on a program (operating system program, driver program, application program, etc.) stored in the storage unit 404. Further, the processing unit 406 can execute a plurality of programs (application programs and the like) in parallel.
- the processing unit 405 includes, for example, a charge / discharge control unit 406, a charge / discharge data generation unit 407, a transmission / reception unit 408, and an output control unit 409.
- Each of these parts is a functional module realized by a program executed by the processor included in the processing unit 405.
- each of these parts may be implemented in the BMS 400 as an independent integrated circuit, microprocessor, or firmware.
- the charge / discharge control unit 406 controls charging and discharging of each lithium secondary battery 101 included in the battery module 100.
- the charge / discharge control unit 406 may control charging and discharging based on, for example, a setting stored in advance in the storage unit 404 or a setting input by an operation via the operation unit 402.
- the settings include, for example, charge / discharge time, residual capacity at the start of charge / discharge, residual capacity at the end of charge / discharge, terminal voltage of the positive electrode and / or negative electrode at the start of charge / discharge, positive electrode and / or at the end of charge / discharge. It may be arbitrarily set depending on the terminal voltage of the negative electrode and the like.
- the charge / discharge data generation unit 407 generates charge / discharge data which is data related to charge / discharge of the lithium secondary battery 101 managed by the BMS 400.
- the charge / discharge data generation unit 407 may store the generated charge / discharge data in the storage unit 404.
- the data structure of charge / discharge data will be described later.
- the transmission / reception unit 408 has functions as a transmission unit and a reception unit, and transmits various information and data to other information processing devices such as the server device 20 via the communication unit 401, and also various information and data. Data is received from another information processing device such as the server device 20 via the communication unit 401.
- the transmission / reception unit 408 transmits, for example, charge / discharge data to the server device 20. Further, the transmission / reception unit 408 receives, for example, various notification information from the server device 20.
- the output control unit 409 causes the output unit 403 to output various information. For example, when the output unit 403 is configured as a display unit, the output control unit 409 generates video data or image data, and causes the display unit to display a video based on the video data, an image based on the image data, or the like. When the output unit 409 is configured as an audio output unit, the output control unit 409 generates audio data and causes the audio output unit to output audio.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the server device 20 according to the present embodiment.
- the server device 20 is, for example, an example of an information processing device composed of one or a plurality of computers, and includes a communication unit 21, a storage unit 22, and a processing unit 23.
- the server device 20 provides BaaS for each BMS 400.
- the communication unit 21 includes a communication interface circuit and connects the server device 20 to the communication network N.
- the communication unit 21 transmits the data supplied from the processing unit 23 to each BMS 400 or the like via the communication network N. Further, the communication unit 21 supplies the data received from each BMS 400 or the like via the communication network N to the processing unit 23.
- the storage unit 22 includes, for example, a semiconductor memory device.
- the storage unit 22 stores an operating system program, a driver program, an application program, data, and the like used for processing in the processing unit 23.
- the various programs may be installed in the storage unit 22 from a computer-readable portable recording medium such as a CD-ROM or a DVD-ROM using a known setup program or the like.
- the storage unit 22 may store, for example, the estimation model generated by the estimation model generation unit 25. Further, the storage unit 22 may store the charge / discharge data transmitted from the BMS 400.
- the storage unit 22 contains information on the specifications of the battery module 100 managed by each BMS 400 (information on the specifications of the lithium secondary battery 101 such as the negative electrode, the positive electrode, the negative electrode current collector, the positive electrode current collector, the separator, and the electrolytic solution, and each of them. Information on the connection of the lithium secondary battery 101), information on the specifications of the charger 200 and the load 300, and the like may be stored.
- the processing unit 23 includes one or a plurality of processors and their peripheral circuits.
- the processing unit 23 comprehensively controls the overall operation of the server device 20, and is, for example, a CPU.
- the processing unit 23 controls the operation of the communication unit 21 and the like so that various processes of the server device 20 are executed by an appropriate procedure based on the program and the like stored in the storage unit 22.
- the processing unit 23 executes processing based on a program (operating system program, driver program, application program, etc.) stored in the storage unit 22. Further, the processing unit 23 can execute a plurality of programs (application programs and the like) in parallel.
- the processing unit 23 includes, for example, a transmission / reception unit 24, an estimation model generation unit 25, an estimation unit 26, and a notification information generation unit 27.
- Each of these parts is a functional module realized by a program executed by the processor included in the processing unit 23.
- each of these parts may be implemented in the server device 20 as an independent integrated circuit, microprocessor, or firmware.
- the transmission / reception unit 24 has functions as a transmission unit and a reception unit, transmits various information and data to other information processing devices such as each BMS 400 via the communication unit 21, and also various information and data. Is received from other information processing devices such as each BMS 400 via the communication unit 21.
- the transmission / reception unit 24 receives, for example, charge / discharge data from each BMS 400. Further, the transmission / reception unit 24 transmits, for example, various notification information to each BMS 400.
- the estimation model generation unit 25 generates an estimation model for estimating the deterioration index of the lithium secondary battery 101 based on the charge / discharge data received from each BMS 400.
- the estimation model generation unit 25 may integrate charge / discharge data received from a plurality of BMS 400s to generate a single estimation model.
- the estimation model generation unit 25 may generate an estimation model as a regression equation model, for example, by performing regression analysis based on charge / discharge data.
- the estimation model generation unit 25 may generate an estimation model as a machine-learned model by, for example, performing machine learning based on charge / discharge data.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a data structure of charge / discharge data according to the present embodiment.
- Each record in the list shown in FIG. 6 corresponds to one cycle of charging or discharging the lithium secondary battery 101 included in the BMS 400.
- the charge / discharge data is further data on changes over time in each cycle of at least one of the voltage value measured by the voltage sensor 103, the current value measured by the current sensor 102, and the temperature value measured by the temperature sensor 104. May include.
- the charge / discharge data includes, for example, “date and time”, “state”, “mode”, “number of cycles”, “total number of cycles”, “integrated capacity”, “elapsed time”, and “integrated power”. , “Average voltage”, “peak voltage”, “OCV”, “end condition”, and “analysis data” obtained by analyzing charge / discharge data.
- the “date and time” is information indicating the date and time when the cycle was executed.
- the “state” is information indicating whether the cycle is charged or discharged, for example, 1 indicates charge and 2 indicates discharge.
- “Mode” is a mode setting for repeating charge / discharge.
- the "number of cycles” is information indicating how many cycles the cycle is in the mode indicated by the "mode”.
- the “total number of cycles” is information indicating the total number of charge / discharge cycles executed in the power supply device 10.
- the "integrated capacity” is information indicating the charge capacity recorded by charging in the record or the discharge capacity recorded by discharging in the record.
- the “elapsed time” is the time required for charging or discharging in the cycle.
- the “total elapsed time” is the total elapsed time from the start of charging or discharging of the power supply device 10 to the execution of charging or discharging of the cycle.
- the “integrated power” is information indicating the power charged by charging in the cycle or the power discharged by discharging in the cycle.
- the “average voltage” is the average voltage of the battery module 100 during charging or discharging in the cycle.
- the “peak voltage” is the peak voltage (maximum value of voltage) of the battery module 100 during charging or discharging in the cycle.
- OCV is an OCV after discharge, which is an OCV after a predetermined time has elapsed since the end of discharge in the cycle, or an OCV after charging, which is an OCV after a predetermined time has elapsed since the end of charging in the cycle.
- Information indicating OCV is also referred to as an open circuit voltage (Open Circuit Voltage), and is an equilibrium voltage when an external power source is connected between the electrodes of the battery and the current is set to 0 A and relaxed for a long time within a time range in which self-discharge does not occur. May be.
- the predetermined time may be, for example, the time required for the OCV to stabilize.
- the "end condition" is information indicating the end condition of charge / discharge of the cycle.
- the termination condition may include, for example, that the voltage value of the lithium secondary battery 101 has reached a predetermined value, or may include that a predetermined time has elapsed since the start of charging / discharging.
- the "analysis data” is data obtained by analyzing the charge / discharge data, for example, the peak positions of "DC resistance”, “dQ / dV", and “dQ / dV", and the peak heights of "dQ / dV”. Includes each peak width of "dQ / dV” and the like.
- the "DC resistance” is a numerical value obtained by dividing the difference between the voltage and the OCV at a certain point in time by the current.
- DQ / dV is a numerical value obtained by dividing the current value by the voltage change per hour.
- the peak position, peak width, and peak height are information on the peak position, width, and height in a graph in which "dQ / dV" is plotted against current, voltage, or other parameters.
- the estimation model generation unit 25 may set explanatory variables in regression analysis based on charge / discharge data and set objective variables based on charge / discharge data, for example. good.
- the estimation model generation unit 25 may include a parameter based on the post-discharge OCV included in the charge / discharge data as an explanatory variable of the estimation model in the regression analysis.
- the parameter may be, for example, "post-discharge OCV" showing good linearity with a deterioration index as described later, and in particular, only "post-discharge OCV" may be an explanatory variable of the estimation model.
- the estimation model is substantially a graph or table showing the relationship between the "post-discharge OCV" and the deterioration index.
- the parameter may be, for example, "post-charge OCV-post-discharge OCV” showing good linearity with a deterioration index as described later, and in particular, only “post-charge OCV-post-discharge OCV” is the estimation model. It may be an explanatory variable.
- the estimation model is substantially a graph or table showing the relationship between "OCV after charging-OCV after discharging" and the deterioration index.
- the estimation model generation unit 25 may include the deterioration index included in the charge / discharge data as the objective variable of the estimation model in the regression analysis.
- the deterioration index may be, for example, the "charge / discharge capacity" of the lithium secondary battery 101, or "SOH (State of Health)" which is a ratio obtained by dividing the "charge / discharge capacity” by the "initial charge / discharge capacity”. May be.
- the charge / discharge data generation unit 407 of the BMS 400 may arbitrarily configure the charge / discharge data as long as the estimation model generation unit 25 of the server device 20 includes the above-mentioned explanatory variables and objective variables handled in the regression analysis.
- the estimation model generation unit 25 sets the input in machine learning based on the charge / discharge data, and sets the output in machine learning based on the charge / discharge data, for example. May be good.
- the estimation model generation unit 25 may include parameters based on the post-discharge OCV included in the charge / discharge data in the input of the estimation model.
- the parameter may be, for example, "OCV after discharge” or "OCV after charge-OCV after discharge”.
- the estimation model generation unit 25 may generate an estimation model based on information on specifications such as the battery module 100, the charger 200, and the load 300 managed by each BMS 400. good. For example, if the estimation model is generated by regression analysis, the estimation model generation unit 25 may, for example, add at least a portion of the information about these specifications to the explanatory variables in the regression analysis. Further, when the estimation model is generated by machine learning, the estimation model generation unit 25 may include, for example, at least a part of the information regarding these specifications in the input in machine learning.
- the present inventors have a good alignment with the deterioration index of the lithium secondary battery 101 in the parameter based on the OCV after discharge. Found to show sex.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing characteristic information of “post-discharge OCV” and “SOH” of the lithium secondary battery 101 according to various embodiments.
- the conditions of each embodiment are as shown in Table 1 below.
- Battery conditions may include positive electrode weight (mg / cm 2 ) and separator configuration.
- the operating conditions may include a charge rate (C) and a discharge rate (C).
- the upper limit voltage (voltage for stopping charging) was assumed to be 4.2V, and the lower limit voltage (voltage for stopping discharging) was assumed to be 3V.
- the separator "A" represents a polyethylene-based separator coated with PVDF.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing characteristic information of “OCV after charging-OCV after discharging” and “charging / discharging capacity” of the lithium secondary battery 101 according to various embodiments.
- the conditions of each embodiment are as shown in Table 2 below.
- Battery conditions may include positive electrode weight (mg / cm 2 ) and separator configuration.
- the operating conditions may include a charge rate (C) and a discharge rate (C).
- the upper limit voltage (voltage for stopping charging) was assumed to be 4.2V
- the lower limit voltage (voltage for stopping discharging) was assumed to be 3V.
- the separator "B” represents a polyethylene-based separator coated with aramid
- the separator "C” represents a polyethylene-based separator coated with PVDF with a thickness different from that of the separator "A”.
- the estimation unit 26 acquires an estimated value of the deterioration index of the lithium secondary battery 101 using the estimation model.
- the estimation unit 26 acquires charge / discharge data from any BMS 400 constituting the management system 1, and inputs the charge / discharge data to the estimation model, whereby the deterioration of the lithium secondary battery 101 managed by the BMS 400 is deteriorated. Get an estimate of the indicator.
- the estimation unit 26 may output an estimated value of the lithium secondary battery 101 managed by the BMS 400 when a predetermined estimation condition is satisfied.
- the notification information generation unit 27 generates predetermined notification information based on the estimated value.
- the content of the notification information is not particularly limited as long as it is based on the estimated value of the deterioration index, but for example, information indicating the estimated value, information indicating comparison with a predetermined threshold value of the estimated value, replacement of the lithium secondary battery 101. It may include information indicating the timing, a message prompting the replacement of the lithium secondary battery 101, advice on the operation of the lithium secondary battery 101, and the like. Further, the notification information generation unit 27 may determine a predetermined notification condition based on the estimated value, or may generate the notification information when it is determined that the predetermined notification condition is satisfied.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of an operation sequence of the estimation model generation process by the management system 1 according to the present embodiment.
- the charge / discharge control unit 406 of the BMS 400 executes charging / discharging of the battery module 100.
- the charge / discharge control unit 406 controls the charger 200 and the load 300 based on the charge / discharge settings stored in the storage unit 404, for example, to control the charge and discharge of the battery module 100.
- the settings related to charging / discharging are, for example, the charging / discharging time, the remaining capacity at the start of charging / discharging, the remaining capacity at the end of charging / discharging, the terminal voltage of the positive electrode and / or the negative electrode at the start of charging / discharging, the positive electrode at the end of charging / discharging, and the setting.
- the charge / discharge control unit 406 monitors at least one of the current value supplied from the current sensor 102, the voltage value supplied from the voltage sensor 103, and the temperature value supplied from the temperature sensor 104. good.
- the charge / discharge data generation unit 407 of the BMS 400 generates charge / discharge data based on the charge / discharge control in step S101.
- the charge / discharge data may have, for example, the data structure shown in FIG.
- the transmission / reception unit 408 of the BMS 400 transmits the charge / discharge data generated in step S102 to the server device 20.
- the transmission / reception unit 24 of the server device 20 receives the charge / discharge data from the BMS 400 and stores it in the storage unit 22.
- the timing at which the transmission / reception unit 408 transmits charge / discharge data and the unit of the charge / discharge data to be transmitted may be arbitrarily set.
- the timing of transmitting the charge / discharge data is not particularly limited, but for example, when the number of cycles exceeds a predetermined threshold, a specific periodic or aperiodic date and time, and the charge / discharge capacity falls below a predetermined threshold, the user. May perform a predetermined operation via the operation unit 402, a request from the server device 20 may be received by the BMS 400, or the like.
- the estimation model generation unit 25 of the server device 20 generates an estimation model based on the charge / discharge data supplied from each BMS 400 at a predetermined timing.
- the estimation model generation unit 25 may generate an estimation model as a regression equation model by, for example, performing a regression analysis based on the charge / discharge data supplied from each BMS 400.
- the estimation model generation unit 25 may generate an estimation model as a machine-learned model by, for example, performing machine learning based on the charge / discharge data supplied from each BMS 400.
- the timing for generating the estimation model is not particularly limited, but may be a specific periodic or aperiodic date and time.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of an operation sequence of deterioration index estimation processing by the management system 1 according to the present embodiment.
- the estimation unit 26 of the server device 20 satisfies the predetermined condition for estimating the deterioration index for the predetermined BMS 400
- the estimation unit 26 of the lithium secondary battery 101 managed by the predetermined BMS 400 uses the estimation model. Outputs the estimated value of the deterioration index.
- the predetermined conditions for estimating the deterioration index are not particularly limited, but for example, the reception of charge / discharge data from the predetermined BMS 400, the arrival of a periodic or aperiodic specific date and time, and the specification. It may include that the server device 20 has received the request from the BMS 400.
- the notification information generation unit 27 of the server device 20 generates notification information based on the estimated value of the deterioration index generated in step S201.
- the content of the notification information is not particularly limited as long as it is based on the estimated value of the deterioration index, but for example, information indicating the estimated value, information indicating comparison with a predetermined threshold value of the estimated value, replacement of the lithium secondary battery 101. It may include information indicating the timing, a message prompting the replacement of the lithium secondary battery 101, advice on the operation of the lithium secondary battery 101, and the like.
- the transmission / reception unit 24 of the server device 20 transmits the generated notification information to the predetermined BMS 400 described above.
- the transmission / reception unit 408 of the predetermined BMS 400 receives the notification information from the server device 20.
- the output control unit 409 of the BMS 400 causes the output unit 403 to output various information.
- the output unit 403 is configured as a display unit
- the output control unit 409 generates video data or image data based on the notification information, and the video based on the video data, an image based on the image data, or the like is used. Display on the display.
- the output control unit 409 is configured as a voice output unit
- the output control unit 409 generates voice data based on the notification information and causes the voice output unit to output voice.
- the contents of the notification information include information indicating the estimated value, information indicating the comparison of the estimated value with the predetermined threshold value, information indicating the replacement time of the lithium secondary battery 101, and lithium secondary.
- a message or the like prompting the replacement of the battery 101 is output.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of a screen 1000 of notification information displayed on the display unit when the output unit 403 is configured as a display unit.
- the screen 1000 may include an estimated value of a deterioration index such as charge / discharge capacity and SOH. Further, as shown in FIG. 11, the screen 1000 may include information such as the number of usable cycles and a guideline for replacement as information based on the estimated value of the deterioration index.
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Abstract
Description
(1)管理システム1
図1は、本実施形態に係る管理システム1の概略構成の一例を示すブロック図である。図1に示すように、管理システム1は、例えば、複数の電源装置10と、サーバ装置20とを備える。複数の電源装置10の各々は、例えば、ユーザが利用する電源装置であって、例えば、電池モジュール100と、充電器200と、負荷300と、バッテリ・マネジメント・システム(BMS)400とを備える。各BMS400とサーバ装置20とは、例えば、互いに情報を送受信可能にインターネット等の通信ネットワークNに接続される。管理システム1では、例えば、サーバ装置20によって、電源装置10を利用する各ユーザに対して、二次電池の使用に関する各種のサービスを統合的に提供するBaaS(Battery as a Service)が提供される。
(2-1)全体構成
図2は、本実施形態に係る電源装置10の概略構成の一例を示すブロック図である。
図3は、本実施形態に係るリチウム二次電池101の概略断面図である。本実施形態のリチウム二次電池101は、正極12と、負極活物質を有しない負極13とを備える。また、リチウム二次電池101において、正極12の負極13に対向する面とは反対側に正極集電体11が配置され、正極12と負極13との間に、セパレータ14が配置されている。以下、リチウム二次電池101の各構成について説明する。
負極13は、負極活物質を有しないものである。本明細書において、「負極活物質」とは、負極において電極反応、すなわち酸化反応及び還元反応を生じる物質である。具体的には、本実施形態の負極活物質としては、リチウム金属、及びリチウム元素(リチウムイオン又はリチウム金属)のホスト物質が挙げられる。リチウム元素のホスト物質とは、リチウムイオン又はリチウム金属を負極13に保持するために設けられる物質を意味する。そのような保持の機構としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、インターカレーション、合金化、及び金属クラスターの吸蔵等が挙げられ、典型的には、インターカレーションである。
リチウムイオン電池(LIB)において、負極はリチウム元素(リチウムイオン又はリチウム金属)のホスト物質を有し、電池の充電によりかかる物質にリチウム元素が充填され、ホスト物質がリチウム元素を放出することにより電池の放電が行われる。LIBは、負極がリチウム元素のホスト物質を有する点で、本実施形態のリチウム二次電池101とは異なる。
リチウム金属電池(LMB)は、その表面にリチウム金属を有する電極か、あるいはリチウム金属単体を負極として用いて製造される。すなわち、LMBは、電池を組み立てた直後、すなわち電池の初期充電前に、負極が負極活物質であるリチウム金属を有する点で、本実施形態のリチウム二次電池101とは異なる。LMBは、その製造に、可燃性及び反応性が高いリチウム金属を含む電極を用いるが、本実施形態のリチウム二次電池101は、リチウム金属を有しない負極13を用いるため、より安全性及び生産性に優れるものである。
正極12としては、正極活物質を有する限り、一般的にリチウム二次電池101に用いられるものであれば特に限定されず、リチウム二次電池101の用途によって、公知の材料を適宜選択することができる。正極12は、正極活物質を有するため、安定性及び出力電圧が高い。
正極12の片側には、正極集電体11が配置されている。正極集電体11は、電池においてリチウムイオンと反応しない導電体であれば特に限定されない。そのような正極集電体11としては、例えば、アルミニウムが挙げられる。
セパレータ14は、正極12と負極13とを隔離することにより電池が短絡することを防ぎつつ、正極12と負極13との間の電荷キャリアとなるリチウムイオンのイオン伝導性を確保するための部材であり、電子導電性を有せず、リチウムイオンと反応しない材料により構成される。また、セパレータ14は電解液を保持する役割も担う。セパレータ14を構成する材料自体にイオン伝導性はないが、セパレータ14が電解液を保持することにより、電解液を通じてリチウムイオンが伝導する。セパレータ14は、上記役割を担う限りにおいて限定はないが、例えば、多孔質のポリエチレン(PE)膜、ポリプロピレン(PP)膜、又はこれらの積層構造により構成される。
リチウム二次電池101は、電解液を有していることが好ましい。リチウム二次電池101において、電解液は、セパレータ14に浸潤させてもよく、正極集電体11と、正極12と、セパレータ14と、負極13との積層体と共に密閉容器に封入してもよい。電解液は、電解質及び溶媒を含有し、イオン伝導性を有する溶液であり、リチウムイオンの導電経路として作用する。このため、電解液を含む態様によれば、電池の内部抵抗が一層低下し、エネルギー密度、容量、及びサイクル特性が一層向上する。
図4は、本実施形態に係るBMS400の機能構成の一例を示すブロック図である。BMS400は、例えば、1つ又は複数のコンピュータにより構成され、通信部401と、操作部402と、出力部403と、記憶部404と、処理部405とを有する。BMS400は、例えば、PC、スマートフォン、タブレット端末等のデバイスであってよく、リチウム二次電池101を管理すると共に、サーバ装置20からBaaSの提供を受けることが可能である。
図5は、本実施形態に係るサーバ装置20の機能構成の一例を示すブロック図である。サーバ装置20は、例えば、1つ又は複数のコンピュータにより構成される情報処理装置の一例であって、通信部21と、記憶部22と、処理部23とを備える。サーバ装置20は、各BMS400に対して、BaaSを提供する。
(4-1)推定モデルの生成処理
図9は、本実施形態に係る管理システム1による推定モデルの生成処理の動作シーケンスの一例を示す図である。
図10は、本実施形態に係る管理システム1による劣化指標の推定処理の動作シーケンスの一例を示す図である。
Claims (18)
- 複数の二次電池管理システムから、各々の二次電池管理システムが管理する二次電池の充放電データを受信する第1受信部と、
前記充放電データに基づいて、前記二次電池の劣化の状態を示す劣化指標を推定するための推定モデルを生成する推定モデル生成部と、
を備える、情報処理装置。 - 前記二次電池は、負極に活物質を含まない、請求項1に記載の情報処理装置。
- 前記推定モデル生成部は、前記充放電データに基づく回帰分析を実行することにより、回帰式モデルとしての前記推定モデルを生成する、請求項1又は2に記載の情報処理装置。
- 前記推定モデル生成部は、前記回帰分析において、前記充放電データに含まれる放電後開回路電圧(OCV)に基づくパラメータを前記推定モデルの説明変数に含める、請求項3に記載の情報処理装置。
- 前記パラメータは、放電後OCVである、請求項4に記載の情報処理装置。
- 前記推定モデル生成部は、前記回帰分析において、放電後OCVのみを前記推定モデルの説明変数とする、請求項5に記載の情報処理装置。
- 前記パラメータは、充電後OCV-放電後OCVである、請求項4に記載の情報処理装置。
- 前記推定モデル生成部は、前記回帰分析において、充電後OCV-放電後OCVのみを前記推定モデルの説明変数とする、請求項7に記載の情報処理装置。
- 前記推定モデル生成部は、前記充放電データに基づく機械学習を実行することにより、機械学習済みモデルとしての前記推定モデルを生成する、請求項1又は2に記載の情報処理装置。
- 前記推定モデル生成部は、前記機械学習において、前記充放電データに含まれる放電後開回路電圧(OCV)に基づくパラメータを前記推定モデルの入力に含める、請求項9に記載の情報処理装置。
- 前記パラメータは、放電後OCVである、請求項10に記載の情報処理装置。
- 前記パラメータは、充電後OCV-放電後OCVである、請求項10に記載の情報処理装置。
- 前記複数の二次電池管理システムのうちの1つの二次電池管理システムから、前記1つの二次電池管理システムが管理する二次電池の充放電データを受信する第2受信部と、
前記推定モデルに前記1つの二次電池管理システムから取得した前記充放電データを入力することにより、前記1つの二次電池管理システムが管理する前記二次電池の劣化指標の推定値を取得する推定部と、
取得された前記推定値に基づく通知情報を生成する通知情報生成部と、
前記通知情報を前記1つの二次電池管理システムに送信する送信部と、
を更に備える、請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の情報処理装置。 - 前記通知情報は、前記推定値を示す情報、及び前記推定値に基づく前記二次電池に関するメッセージの少なくともいずれかを含む、請求項13に記載の情報処理装置。
- 前記通知情報生成部は、前記推定値に基づいて所定の通知条件を判定し、該通知条件を満たすと判定した場合に、前記通知情報を生成する、、請求項13又は14に記載の情報処理装置。
- 前記複数の二次電池管理システムのそれぞれは、負極に負極活物質を含まない二次電池を管理する、請求項1から15のいずれか一項に記載の情報処理装置。
- コンピュータが、
複数の二次電池管理システムから、各々の二次電池管理システムが管理する二次電池の充放電データを受信することと、
前記充放電データに基づいて、前記二次電池の劣化の状態を示す劣化指標を推定するための推定モデルを生成することと、
を実行する、情報処理方法。 - コンピュータを、
複数の二次電池管理システムから、各々の二次電池管理システムが管理する二次電池の充放電データを受信する第1受信部と、
前記充放電データに基づいて、前記二次電池の劣化の状態を示す劣化指標を推定するための推定モデルを生成する推定モデル生成部と、
として機能させるための、プログラム。
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