WO2022011933A1 - 一种农业机械秸秆环保高效处理装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种农业机械秸秆环保高效处理装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022011933A1
WO2022011933A1 PCT/CN2020/133224 CN2020133224W WO2022011933A1 WO 2022011933 A1 WO2022011933 A1 WO 2022011933A1 CN 2020133224 W CN2020133224 W CN 2020133224W WO 2022011933 A1 WO2022011933 A1 WO 2022011933A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
motor
plate
feeding
straw
rod
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PCT/CN2020/133224
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
许美凤
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安徽省华腾农业科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2022011933A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022011933A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F29/00—Cutting apparatus specially adapted for cutting hay, straw or the like
    • A01F29/09—Details
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F29/00—Cutting apparatus specially adapted for cutting hay, straw or the like
    • A01F29/02—Cutting apparatus specially adapted for cutting hay, straw or the like having rotating knives with their cutting edges in a plane perpendicular to their rotational axis
    • A01F29/025—Cutting apparatus specially adapted for cutting hay, straw or the like having rotating knives with their cutting edges in a plane perpendicular to their rotational axis with feeding direction parallel to axis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F29/00—Cutting apparatus specially adapted for cutting hay, straw or the like
    • A01F29/09—Details
    • A01F29/10—Feeding devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
    • B07B1/28—Moving screens not otherwise provided for, e.g. swinging, reciprocating, rocking, tilting or wobbling screens
    • B07B1/34—Moving screens not otherwise provided for, e.g. swinging, reciprocating, rocking, tilting or wobbling screens jigging or moving to-and-fro perpendicularly or approximately perpendiculary to the plane of the screen
    • B07B1/343—Moving screens not otherwise provided for, e.g. swinging, reciprocating, rocking, tilting or wobbling screens jigging or moving to-and-fro perpendicularly or approximately perpendiculary to the plane of the screen with mechanical drive elements other than electromagnets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a device and method for environmental protection and efficient processing of agricultural machinery straw.
  • Straw also known as stalk grass in ancient times, refers to the remaining stems and leaves of rice, wheat, corn and other gramineous crops after maturation and threshing.
  • Wheat straw the traditional method of straw treatment is generally incineration, which causes great pollution to the environment. Later, the straw is recycled by the method of crushing.
  • the agricultural machinery used for straw treatment The efficiency is not high, and it is very troublesome to manually take out the crushed straw, and before the straw is processed, the straw is not pretreated, so that debris such as stones and metals in the straw enter the machine, which is easy to cause damage to the crushing components on the machine. , and when feeding, the dust attached to the straw is scattered in the air, which affects the user's respiratory health. For this reason, we propose an environmental protection and efficient treatment device and method for agricultural machinery straw.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an environmental protection and high-efficiency treatment device and method for agricultural machinery straw, so as to solve the problem that the current agricultural machinery used for straw treatment proposed in the above background technology is not efficient in the treatment of straw, and needs to be manually taken out and pulverized.
  • the straw is extremely troublesome, and the straw is not pretreated before the straw is processed, which causes the stones, metals and other debris in the straw to enter the machine, which is easy to cause damage to the crushing components on the machine.
  • the dust is scattered in the air, which affects the user's respiratory health.
  • an environmental protection and high-efficiency treatment device for agricultural machinery straw including a treatment box, the upper left side of the treatment box is integrally formed with a feeding port, and the left side of the treatment box is provided with a In the feeding assembly, the left side of the treatment box is fixedly connected with a double-shaft motor, the treatment box is provided with a pulverizing motor below the double-shaft motor, and both the double-shaft motor and the right power shaft of the pulverizing motor are provided with crushing cylinder, and the two sets of crushing cylinders are connected to the inner wall of the processing box through bearings.
  • An extrusion assembly is provided, a discharge door is hinged at the bottom of the right side of the processing box, and a vent is provided on the discharge door, an air inlet pipe is connected to the left side of the processing box, and an inlet pipe is arranged on the top of the air inlet pipe.
  • the gas hood is connected with the gas purification box fixedly connected to the inner wall of the processing box at the bottom end of the air inlet pipe.
  • the feeding assembly includes a feeding port, and the feeding port is located above the feeding port, the left ends of the front and rear sides of the feeding port are hinged with hinge seats, and the bottom ends of the two sets of hinge seats are both hinged. It is fixedly connected to the horizontal plate, and the right end of the horizontal plate is fixedly connected to the processing box.
  • the top of the horizontal plate is provided with two sets of telescopic springs with the same structure, and the tops of the two sets of telescopic springs are hinged to the feeding material.
  • the top of the horizontal plate is provided with a collection groove, and the collection groove is located directly below the feeding port.
  • Vertical rods are hinged on the front and rear sides of the bottom of the feeding port.
  • the bottom end of the bottom plate is connected to the bottom plate through the horizontal plate, the opposite sides of the two sets of bottom plates are connected with cross bars, the bottom of the bottom plate on the front side is connected with a support wheel, and the top of the bottom plate on the front side is provided with a sleeve connected to the front side
  • the support spring on the vertical rod, the bottom of the support wheel is rollingly connected with the inclined surface of the wedge-shaped block, the left end of the wedge-shaped block is fixedly connected with a guide frame, and the top of the guide frame is fixedly connected with the guide on the horizontal plate.
  • the grooves are slidingly connected, the inner wall of the guide groove is provided with a return spring connected with the guide frame, the right side of the wedge block is provided with a mounting rod, and the right end of the mounting rod is connected to the connecting wheel, and the outside of the mounting rod is
  • the movable sleeve is provided with a guide sleeve fixedly connected to the horizontal plate, the right side of the connecting wheel is rollingly connected to the cam, the cam is sleeved on the power shaft of the servo motor, and the bottom of the servo motor is fixedly connected to the handle on the box.
  • the feeding port includes two sets of baffles with the same structure, the bottoms of the two sets of baffles are respectively fixed on the front and rear sides of the top of the feeding plate, and the bottom of the feeding plate is hinged with the vertical rod, so
  • the middle of the feeding plate is evenly provided with sieve holes, the top of the feeding plate is attached and connected with a blocking door, the front and rear ends of the blocking door are provided with rotating shafts, and the two sets of the rotating shafts pass through the bearing and the blocking door.
  • the plates are rotatably connected, the rear end of the rotating shaft on the rear side is connected to the power rotating shaft of the rotating motor through the baffle plate, and the rotating motor is fixedly connected to the baffle plate on the rear side.
  • the collecting tank includes a tank body fixedly connected to the horizontal plate, the tank body is located below the screen hole, and the interior of the tank body is rotatably connected with two sets of rotating shafts with the same structure through bearings.
  • the opposite sides of the rotating shaft are fixedly connected to the first electromagnet cylinder.
  • the rotating shaft is connected, the rotating shaft on the right side is sleeved with a driving bevel gear, the bottom of the driving bevel gear is meshed with the driven bevel gear, and the driving bevel gear and the driven bevel gear are both located inside the fixed cover.
  • the driven bevel gear is arranged on the rotating rod, and the bottom end of the rotating rod penetrates the fixed cover and is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the tank body through a bearing.
  • the rotating rod is fixedly connected with a driving motor under the fixed cover.
  • a second electromagnet cylinder is arranged on the power rotating shaft, an electric push rod runs through the bottom of the right side of the tank body, the right end of the electric push rod is fixedly connected to the processing box, and the left end of the electric push rod is fixedly connected to the push rod.
  • the push block is located on the left side of the rotating rod, and the bottom left side of the tank body is provided with a discharge port.
  • the extrusion assembly includes a driving gear, the driving gear is sleeved on the power shaft of the motor, the motor is arranged on the outer wall of the processing box, and the bottom of the driving gear is engaged with the rack rod, so
  • the bottom of the rack rod is provided with a sliding rod slidably connected with the processing box, the right end of the rack rod is fixedly connected with a pressing plate, and the top of the pressing plate is flush with the bottom of the discharge port.
  • the extrusion plate includes a plate body, two sets of fans with the same structure are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the plate body, and two sets of ventilation holes with the same structure are opened on the right side of the plate body, and the top of the plate body is provided with two sets of ventilation holes with the same structure.
  • bottom inner walls are provided with electric telescopic rods, the opposite sides of the two sets of electric telescopic rods are provided with blocks, and the right sides of the blocks are connected to the inner wall of the plate body, and the left side of the plate body is opened There are air intake holes.
  • the blocks are all in a right-angled triangle structure, the longitudinal cross-sectional area of the block is larger than the longitudinal cross-sectional area of the ventilation holes, and both the ventilation holes and the ventilation openings are provided with dust-proof nets.
  • an inspection door is provided on the treatment box, and the inspection door is located above the gas purification box.
  • a method for an environmental protection and high-efficiency treatment device for agricultural machinery straw specifically includes the following steps:
  • S1 Check whether the components in the device can run smoothly. After the inspection, put the straw on the feeding board, start the servo motor, biaxial motor, pulverizing motor, driving motor and fan, and send the first electromagnet cylinder and the first electromagnet cylinder to the second. Two electromagnets are energized;
  • the servo motor works, which makes the cam rotate, and then drives the connecting wheel to roll on the cam, so that the mounting rod can drive the wedge block to move horizontally.
  • the wedge-shaped block can be reciprocated horizontally, so that the support wheel rolls on the wedge-shaped block, and the elastic force of the support spring enables the support wheel to roll on the wedge-shaped block all the time, so that the bottom plate can move vertically and reciprocate through the bottom plate.
  • the vertical movement can drive the vertical rod to reciprocate and lift the feeding plate, and then make the feeding plate vibrate through the telescopic spring, so that the metal, stones and other debris in the straw can be separated from the straw under the action of inertia, and pass through the screen hole.
  • the shutter can be opened, and the pretreated straw can be sent to the feeding port, and then enter the processing box through the feeding port for crushing.
  • the double-shaft motor and the crushing motor work. , so that the crushing cylinder crushes the straw, and after crushing, it falls to the right side of the extrusion plate through the feeding opening;
  • the double-axis motor is used to reciprocate forward and reverse rotation, so that the driving bevel gear and the first electromagnet cylinder are both rotated forward and reverse, so that the driven bevel gear is rotated forward and reverse and the falling debris is adsorbed, so that The metal in the sundries is adsorbed by the first electromagnet cylinder, and the driven bevel gear drives the rotating rod to reciprocate forward and reverse, so that the drive motor and the second electromagnet cylinder reciprocate around the rotating rod, and the drive motor drives the first electromagnet cylinder to reciprocate.
  • the rotation of the second electromagnet cylinder can effectively adsorb the metal in the sundries, which improves the effect and efficiency of the adsorption.
  • the electric push rod drives the push block to move, and the sundries can be discharged.
  • the first The electromagnet cylinder and the second electromagnet cylinder can be powered off, so that the device can effectively collect metals while pre-processing and crushing the straw, which is convenient for recycling;
  • the fan on the extrusion board can air-dry the scraps, which is convenient for recycling and use, and the fan works, so that the dust on the straw during feeding passes through the intake hood and the intake pipe Enter into the gas purification box for purification, and then the air is discharged from the air inlet, ventilation holes and air vents in turn, which can prevent the dust attached to the straw from floating in the air, affecting the user's respiratory health, and playing a role in environmental protection.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is: by rotating the driving gear counterclockwise, the rack rod drives the pressing plate to move to the right, so that the scrap is compressed, and the discharge door is opened to pull out the compressed plate.
  • the scraps are easy to transport and use, and when the extrusion board is used, the scraps can be air-dried through the operation of the fan on the extrusion board, which is convenient for recycling and use, and the fan works, so that the dust on the straw during feeding passes through.
  • the air intake hood and the air intake pipe enter the gas purification box for purification, and then the air is discharged from the air intake hole, the ventilation hole and the air vent in turn, which can prevent the dust attached to the straw from floating in the air, affecting the user's respiratory health and protecting the environment.
  • Metals, stones and other sundries are separated from the straw under the action of inertia, and fall into the tank through the sieve hole, completing the pretreatment of the straw, avoiding the crushing damage of the crushing cylinder by the metal, stones and other sundries, and
  • the dual-shaft motor smashes straw, it can complete the function of collecting metals in sundries, so that the device can effectively collect metals while pre-processing and smashing straws, which is convenient for metal recycling.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic side view of the partial structure of the feeding assembly of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the present invention A
  • Figure 4 is a schematic top view of the structure of the feeding port of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the collecting tank of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure at B of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 an environmental protection and high-efficiency processing device for agricultural machinery straw, please refer to FIG. 1 , including a processing box 1, the upper left side of the processing box 1 is integrally formed with a feeding port 2, and the left side of the processing box 1 is provided There is a feeding assembly 3, a double-shaft motor 4 is fixedly connected to the left side of the treatment box 1, and a pulverizing motor 5 is arranged under the double-shaft motor 4 in the treatment box 1.
  • the double-shaft motor 4 and the right power rotating shaft of the pulverizing motor 5 Both are provided with pulverizing cylinders 6, the two groups of pulverizing cylinders 6 are welded with pulverizing knives, and the pulverizing knives of the two groups of pulverizing cylinders 6 are arranged in cooperation with each other, and the two groups of pulverizing cylinders 6 are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the processing box 1 through bearings.
  • the processing box 1 is provided with a feeding port below the bottom pulverizing cylinder 6, the inner wall of the left bottom end of the processing box 1 is provided with an extrusion assembly 7, and the right bottom of the processing box 1 is hinged with a discharge door 8, and the material is discharged
  • the door 8 is provided with a vent 9, the vent 9 is used to discharge the air purified by the gas purification box 12, the left side of the processing box 1 is connected with an air intake pipe 10, and the top of the air intake pipe 10 is provided with an air intake cover 11, The bottom end of the air inlet pipe 10 is communicated with the gas purification box 12 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the processing box 1.
  • the gas purification box 12 is the same as the purification device for gas purification in the prior art, and can filter the dust and impurities in the gas. and adsorption, so that the exhausted gas meets the emission standard. All motors in this paper are connected to their power shafts through a reducer, and all electrical components are controlled by an external power switch, and connected to an external power supply through an external power supply wire.
  • the feeding assembly 3 includes a feeding port 31, and the feeding port 31 is located above the feeding port 2.
  • the left ends of the front and rear sides of the feeding port 31 are hinged with a hinge seat 32.
  • the bottom ends of the two sets of hinge seats 32 are fixedly connected to the horizontal plate 33, and the right end of the horizontal plate 33 is fixedly connected to the processing box 1.
  • the top of the horizontal plate 33 is provided with two sets of telescopic springs 34 with the same structure, and the two sets of telescopic springs 34 are retractable.
  • the top ends of the springs 34 are hinged on the front and rear sides of the feeding port 31 respectively.
  • the telescopic spring 34 can be elastically deformed, so that the feeding plate 3112 can vibrate.
  • the top is provided with a collection groove 35, and the collection groove 35 is located directly below the feeding port 31.
  • the front and rear sides of the bottom of the feeding port 31 are hinged with vertical rods 36, and the bottom ends of the two sets of vertical rods 36 are connected through the horizontal plate 33.
  • the bottom plate 37 There is a bottom plate 37, the opposite sides of the two sets of bottom plates 37 are connected with cross bars 38, the bottom of the front side bottom plate 37 is connected with a support wheel 310, and the top of the front side bottom plate 37 is provided with a support spring 311 sleeved on the front side vertical rod 36 , the bottom of the support wheel 310 is connected with the inclined surface of the wedge block 312 in a rolling connection, so that when the support wheel 310 rolls back and forth on the wedge block 312, the bottom plate 37 can reciprocate vertically, so that the vertical rod 36 can be driven to lift the feeding plate 3112 back and forth,
  • the left end of the wedge block 312 is fixedly connected with a guide frame 313, the top of the guide frame 313 is slidably connected with the guide groove 314 fixedly connected to the horizontal plate 33, and the inner wall of the guide groove 314 is provided with a return spring 315 connected with the guide frame 313,
  • the right side of the wedge block 312 is provided with an installation rod, and the
  • the outer movable sleeve of the installation rod is provided with a guide sleeve that is fixedly connected to the horizontal plate 33.
  • the right side of the connecting wheel 316 is connected to the cam 317 in a rolling manner, the cam 317 is sleeved on the power shaft of the servo motor 318 , and the bottom of the servo motor 318 is fixedly connected to the processing box 1 .
  • the feeding port 31 includes two sets of baffles 3111 with the same structure.
  • the bottoms of the two sets of baffles 3111 are fixed on the front and rear sides of the top of the feeding plate 3112 respectively.
  • the bottom of the plate 3112 is hinged with the vertical rod 36, and the middle of the feeding plate 3112 is evenly provided with screen holes 3113.
  • the top of the feeding plate 3112 is attached and connected with a blocking door 3114, the front and rear ends of the blocking door 3114 are provided with rotating shafts, and the two sets of rotating shafts pass through the bearing and the baffle plate.
  • 3111 is rotatably connected, the rear end of the rear side shaft passes through the baffle 3111 and is connected with the power shaft of the rotating motor 3115, and the rotating motor 3115 is fixedly connected to the rear side baffle 3111.
  • the rotating motor 3115 works, The rotating shaft is rotated to rotate the shutter 3114, so that the straw can be dropped from the feeding plate 3112 to the feeding port 2.
  • the collecting tank 35 includes a tank body 351 fixedly connected to the horizontal plate 33 , the tank body 351 is located below the screen hole 3113 , and the interior of the tank body 351 is rotatably connected with two sets of rotating bearings with the same structure.
  • the opposite sides of the two sets of rotating shafts are fixedly connected to the first electromagnet cylinder 352, the right end of the right rotating shaft passes through the fixed cover 353 and the groove body 351 in turn, and the right end of the right rotating shaft is connected to the left side of the biaxial motor 4.
  • the power rotating shaft on the side is connected, the right rotating shaft is sleeved with a driving bevel gear, the bottom of the driving bevel gear meshes with the driven bevel gear, and both the driving bevel gear and the driven bevel gear are located inside the fixed cover 353, the fixed cover 353 can prevent debris from falling on the driving bevel gear and the driven bevel gear.
  • the driven bevel gear is arranged on the rotating rod 354.
  • the bottom end of the rotating rod 354 penetrates the fixed cover 353 and is connected with the inner wall of the groove body 351 through the bearing rotation.
  • the rod 354 is fixedly connected with a driving motor 355 under the fixed cover 353.
  • a second electromagnet cylinder 356 is arranged on the power rotating shaft of the driving motor 355.
  • the right end is fixedly connected to the processing box 1
  • the left end of the electric push rod 357 is fixedly connected to the push block 358
  • the push block 358 is located on the left side of the rotating rod 354, and the left bottom of the tank body 351 is provided with a discharge port 359.
  • the push rod 357 works, the debris can be pushed out through the discharge port 359 through the push block 358 .
  • the extrusion assembly 7 includes a driving gear 71, which is sleeved on the power shaft of the motor, and the motor (not shown in the figure) is arranged on the outer wall of the processing box 1.
  • the bottom of the driving gear 71 is connected to the tooth
  • the rods 72 are engaged with each other.
  • the bottom of the rack rod 72 is provided with a sliding rod 73 that is slidably connected to the processing box 1.
  • the right end of the rack rod 72 is fixedly connected with a pressing plate 74, and the top of the pressing plate 74 is connected to the discharge port.
  • the bottoms are flush with each other, and the scraps are compressed between the extrusion plate 74 and the discharge door 8, and the compressed scraps can be pulled out by opening the discharge door 8, which is convenient for transportation and use.
  • the extrusion plate 74 includes a plate body 741 , two sets of fans 742 with the same structure are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the plate body 741 , and two sets of ventilation holes 743 with the same structure are opened on the right side of the plate body 741 , the fan 742 works to dry the scraps, which is convenient for recycling and use.
  • the top and bottom inner walls of the plate body 741 are provided with electric telescopic rods 745, and the opposite sides of the two sets of electric telescopic rods 745 are provided with blocks 744, and the blocking The right side of the block 744 is connected to the inner wall of the plate body 741.
  • the fan 742 When the plate 74 needs to be squeezed to compress the scrap, the fan 742 is turned off, so that the electric telescopic rod 745 drives the block 744 to block the ventilation hole 743, which can prevent the scrap from entering.
  • an air inlet hole 746 is opened on the left side of the plate body 741 .
  • the blocks 744 are all in a right-angled triangle structure, which can play the role of guiding the wind.
  • the longitudinal cross-sectional area of the blocks 744 is larger than that of the ventilation holes 743 , so that the blocks 744 can completely block the ventilation holes 743 and allow ventilation.
  • Both the hole 743 and the air vent 9 are provided with dust filters.
  • an inspection door is provided on the processing box 1 , and the inspection door is located above the gas purification box 12 , so that the gas purification box 12 can be easily repaired.
  • a method for an environmental protection and efficient treatment device for agricultural machinery straw comprising the following steps:
  • the servo motor 318 works, so that the cam 317 rotates, which in turn drives the connecting wheel 316 to roll on the cam 317, so that the mounting rod can drive the wedge block 312 to move horizontally, and through the elastic force of the return spring 315, the wedge block 312 can drive the connecting wheel 316 rolls on the cam 317 all the time, so that the wedge block 312 can reciprocate horizontally, so that the support wheel 310 rolls on the wedge block 312, and through the elastic force of the support spring 311, the support wheel 310 can always roll on the wedge block 312 Then, the bottom plate 37 can reciprocate vertically.
  • the vertical rod 36 can be driven to lift the feeding plate 3112 back and forth, and then the feeding plate 3112 can be vibrated by the telescopic spring 34, which can make the straw Metals, stones and other sundries are separated from the straw under the action of inertia, and fall into the tank body 351 through the sieve hole 3113.
  • the shutter 3114 can be driven to open, and the pretreated The straw is sent to the feeding port 2, and enters the processing box 1 through the feeding port 2 for pulverization.
  • the biaxial motor 4 and the pulverizing motor 5 work, so that the pulverizing cylinder 6 pulverizes the straw, and after pulverization, it falls through the feeding port to the the right side of the squeeze plate 74;
  • the double-axis motor 4 is used to reciprocate forward and reverse rotation, so that the driving bevel gear and the first electromagnet cylinder 352 are both rotated forward and reverse, so that the driven bevel gear is rotated forward and reverse and the falling debris is adsorbed , so that the metal in the sundries is adsorbed by the first electromagnet cylinder 352, and the driven bevel gear drives the rotating rod 354 to reciprocate forward and reverse, so that the driving motor 355 and the second electromagnet cylinder 356 reciprocate with the rotating rod 354 as the center At the same time, the motor 355 drives the second electromagnet cylinder 356 to rotate, which can effectively adsorb the metal in the sundries, which improves the effect and efficiency of the adsorption.
  • the electric push rod 357 drives the push block 358 to move, and the sundries can be discharged
  • the first electromagnet cylinder 352 and the second electromagnet cylinder 356 can be powered off, so that the device can effectively collect the metal while pre-processing and pulverizing the straw, which is convenient for recycling;
  • the fan 742 on the extrusion plate 74 works to air-dry the scraps, which is convenient for recycling and use, and the fan 742 works, so that the dust on the straw during feeding passes through the air intake hood 11 and the air intake pipe 10 enter the gas purification box 12 for purification, and then the air is discharged from the air inlet hole 746, the ventilation hole 743 and the ventilation port 9 in turn, which can prevent the dust attached to the straw from floating in the air and affect the user's respiratory tract health, It plays the role of environmental protection.
  • the fan 742 When it is necessary to take out the crushed scraps, the fan 742 is turned off, so that the electric telescopic rod 745 drives the block 744 to block the ventilation hole 743, and then starts the motor, so that the motor drives the driving gear 71 to rotate counterclockwise, so that the rack
  • the rod 72 drives the pressing plate 74 to move to the right, so that the scraps are compressed, and the compressed scraps can be pulled out by opening the discharging door 8, which is convenient for transportation and use.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

一种农业机械秸秆环保高效处理装置及方法，包括处理箱（1），处理箱的左侧上部一体成型有进料口（2），处理箱的左侧设置有喂料组件（3），处理箱的左侧固定连接有双轴电机（4），处理箱于双轴电机的下方设置有粉碎电机（5），双轴电机和粉碎电机的右侧动力转轴上均设置有粉碎筒（6），通过驱动齿轮（71）逆时针转动，使得齿条杆（72）带动挤压板（74）向右移动，使得碎料被压缩，且使用挤压板时，通过挤压板上的风扇（742）工作可以对碎料进行风干，便于回收后使用，并且风扇工作，使得喂料时，秸秆上的灰尘通过进气罩（11）以及进气管（10）进入气体净化箱（12）内净化，可以避免秸秆上附着的灰尘飘散在空气中，影响使用者的呼吸道健康，起到了环保的作用。

Description

一种农业机械秸秆环保高效处理装置及方法
本申请要求2020年7月16日提交中国专利局、申请号为2020106885080、发明名称为“一种农业机械秸秆环保高效处理装置及方法”的发明专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及农业机械技术领域，具体为一种农业机械秸秆环保高效处理装置及方法。
背景技术
秸秆，古称藁，又称禾秆草，是指水稻、小麦、玉米等禾本科农作物成熟脱粒后剩余的茎叶部分，其中水稻的秸秆常被称为稻草、稻藁，小麦的秸秆则称为麦秆，传统秸秆处理的方法一般都为焚烧法，焚烧对环境造成极大的污染，后来通过粉碎处理的方法来对秸秆进行回收利用，目前用于秸秆处理的农业机械在对秸秆处理时的效率不高，需要人工取出粉碎处理好的秸秆，极为麻烦，且秸秆在处理之前，没有对秸秆进行预处理，导致秸秆中的石子金属等杂物进入机械内，容易导致机械上的粉碎组件损坏，并且在喂料时，秸秆上附着的灰尘飘散在空气中，影响使用者的呼吸道健康，为此，我们提出一种农业机械秸秆环保高效处理装置及方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种农业机械秸秆环保高效处理装置及方法，以解决上述背景技术中提出的目前用于秸秆处理的农业机械在 对秸秆处理时的效率不高，需要人工取出粉碎处理好的秸秆，极为麻烦，且秸秆在处理之前，没有对秸秆进行预处理，导致秸秆中的石子金属等杂物进入机械内，容易导致机械上的粉碎组件损坏，并且在喂料时，秸秆上附着的灰尘飘散在空气中，影响使用者的呼吸道健康的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种农业机械秸秆环保高效处理装置，包括处理箱，所述处理箱的左侧上部一体成型有进料口，所述处理箱的左侧设置有喂料组件，所述处理箱的左侧固定连接有双轴电机，所述处理箱于双轴电机的下方设置有粉碎电机，所述双轴电机和粉碎电机的右侧动力转轴上均设置有粉碎筒，且两组所述粉碎筒均通过轴承转动连接在处理箱的内壁上，所述处理箱于底部所述粉碎筒的下方设置有下料口，所述处理箱的左侧底端内壁设置有挤压组件，所述处理箱的右侧底部铰接有出料门，且出料门上设置有通气口，所述处理箱的左侧连通有进气管，且进气管的顶部设置有进气罩，所述进气管的底端与固定连接在处理箱内壁上的气体净化箱连通。
优选的，所述喂料组件包括喂料口，且喂料口位于进料口的上方，所述喂料口前后两侧的左端均铰接有铰接座，两组所述铰接座的底端均固定连接在横板上，所述横板的右端固定连接在处理箱上，所述横板的顶部设置有两组结构相同的伸缩弹簧，且两组所述伸缩弹簧的顶端分别铰接在喂料口的前后两侧，所述横板的顶部设置有收集槽，且收集槽位于喂料口的正下方，所述喂料口底部的前后两侧均铰接有竖 杆，两组所述竖杆的底端均贯穿横板连接有底板，两组所述底板的相对侧连接有横杆，前侧所述底板的底部连接有支撑轮，前侧所述底板的顶部设置有套接在前侧所述竖杆上的支撑弹簧，所述支撑轮的底部与楔形块的斜面滚动连接，所述楔形块的左端固定连接有导向架，所述导向架的顶部与固定连接在横板上的导向槽滑动连接，所述导向槽的内壁上设置有与导向架连接的复位弹簧，所述楔形块的右侧设置有安装杆，且安装杆的右端连接在连接轮上，所述安装杆的外部活动套设有固定连接在横板上的导向套，所述连接轮的右侧滚动连接在凸轮上，所述凸轮套接在伺服电机的动力转轴上，所述伺服电机的底部固定连接在处理箱上。
优选的，所述喂料口包括两组结构相同的挡板，两组所述挡板的底部分别固定在喂料板顶部的前后两侧，所述喂料板的底部与竖杆铰接，所述喂料板的中部均匀开设有筛孔，所述喂料板的顶部贴合连接有挡门，所述挡门的前后两端均设置有转轴，且两组所述转轴均通过轴承与挡板转动连接，后侧所述转轴的后端贯穿挡板与转动电机的动力转轴连接，且转动电机固定连接在后侧所述挡板上。
优选的，所述收集槽包括固定连接在横板上的槽体，所述槽体位于筛孔的下方，所述槽体的内部通过轴承转动连接有两组结构相同的转动轴，两组所述转动轴的相对侧均固定连接在第一电磁铁筒上，右侧所述转动轴的右端依次贯穿固定罩和槽体，且右侧所述转动轴的右端与双轴电机左侧的动力转轴连接，右侧所述转动轴上套接有主动锥齿轮，所述主动锥齿轮的底部与从动锥齿轮相啮合，且主动锥齿轮与 从动锥齿轮均位于固定罩的内部，所述从动锥齿轮设置在转动杆上，所述转动杆的底端贯穿固定罩与槽体的内壁通过轴承转动连接，所述转动杆于固定罩的下方固定连接有驱动电机，所述驱动电机的动力转轴上设置有第二电磁铁筒，所述槽体的右侧底部贯穿有电动推杆，所述电动推杆的右端固定连接在处理箱上，所述电动推杆的左端固定连接在推块上，且推块位于转动杆的左侧，所述槽体的左侧底部设置有排出口。
优选的，所述挤压组件包括驱动齿轮，所述驱动齿轮套接在电机的动力转轴上，所述电机设置在处理箱的外壁上，所述驱动齿轮的底部与齿条杆相啮合，所述齿条杆的底部设置有与处理箱滑动连接的滑杆，所述齿条杆的右端固定连接有挤压板，且挤压板的顶部与下料口的底部相平齐。
优选的，所述挤压板包括板体，所述板体内壁上固定连接有两组结构相同的风扇，且板体的右侧开设有两组结构相同的通风孔，所述板体的顶部和底部内壁均设置有电动伸缩杆，两组所述电动伸缩杆的相对侧均设置有挡块，且挡块的右侧均与板体的内壁贴合连接，所述板体的左侧开设有进风孔。
优选的，所述挡块均呈直角三角形结构，所述挡块的纵截面积大于所述通风孔的纵截面积，所述通风孔和通气口上均设置有防尘网。
优选的，所述处理箱上设置有检修门，且检修门位于气体净化箱的上方。
优选的，一种农业机械秸秆环保高效处理装置的方法，具体包括 如下步骤：
S1：检查装置中的各部件能否平稳运行，检查完毕后将秸秆放在喂料板上，启动伺服电机、双轴电机、粉碎电机、驱动电机和风扇，并且向第一电磁铁筒和第二电磁铁筒通电；
S2：伺服电机工作，使得凸轮转动，进而带动连接轮在凸轮上滚动，使得安装杆可以带动楔形块做水平移动，通过复位弹簧的弹力，使得楔形块可以带动连接轮一直在凸轮上滚动，进而使得楔形块可以做水平往复移动，从而使得支撑轮在楔形块上滚动，通过支撑弹簧的弹力，使得支撑轮可以一直在楔形块上滚动，进而使得底板可以做竖向的往复移动，通过底板往复竖向移动，可以带动竖杆往复顶起喂料板，进而通过伸缩弹簧使得喂料板发生振动，可以使得秸秆中的金属、石子等杂物在惯性的作用下与秸秆分离，并通过筛孔掉落至槽体内，通过转动电机工作，可以带动挡门打开，即可将经过预处理后的秸秆送至进料口上，并通过进料口进入处理箱内粉碎，双轴电机和粉碎电机工作，使得粉碎筒对秸秆进行粉碎，粉碎后通过下料口落到挤压板的右侧；
S3：通过双轴电机做正反往复转动，使得主动锥齿轮以及第一电磁铁筒均做正反往复转动，进而使得从动锥齿轮做正反往复转动以及对落下的杂物进行吸附，使得杂物中的金属被第一电磁铁筒吸附，从动锥齿轮带动转动杆做正反往复转动，使得驱动电机和第二电磁铁筒均以转动杆为中心做往复运动，同时驱动电机带动第二电磁铁筒转动，可以有效的对杂物中的金属进行吸附，提高了吸附的效果和效率，通 过电动推杆带动推块移动，即可排出杂物，当需要取出金属时，使得第一电磁铁筒和第二电磁铁筒断电即可，使得装置在对秸秆预处理以及粉碎的同时可以对金属进行有效收集，便于回收使用；
S4：碎料通过下料口落下后，挤压板上的风扇工作可以对碎料进行风干，便于回收后使用，并且风扇工作，使得喂料时的秸秆上的灰尘通过进气罩以及进气管进入气体净化箱内净化，然后空气依次从进风孔、通风孔和通气口排出，可以避免秸秆上附着的灰尘飘散在空气中，影响使用者的呼吸道健康，起到了环保的作用，需要取出粉碎后的碎料时，关闭风扇，使得电动伸缩杆带动挡块挡住通风孔，然后启动电机，使得电机带动驱动齿轮逆时针转动，使得齿条杆带动挤压板向右移动，使得碎料被压缩，打开出料门，即可拉出压缩后的碎料，方便运输和使用。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：通过驱动齿轮逆时针转动，使得齿条杆带动挤压板向右移动，使得碎料被压缩，打开出料门，即可拉出压缩后的碎料，方便运输和使用，且使用挤压板时，通过挤压板上的风扇工作可以对碎料进行风干，便于回收后使用，并且风扇工作，使得喂料时的秸秆上的灰尘通过进气罩以及进气管进入气体净化箱内净化，然后空气依次从进风孔、通风孔和通气口排出，可以避免秸秆上附着的灰尘飘散在空气中，影响使用者的呼吸道健康，起到了环保的作用，需要取出粉碎后的碎料时，关闭风扇，使得电动伸缩杆带动挡块挡住通风孔即可，通过凸轮转动，进而带动连接轮在凸轮上滚动，使得安装杆可以带动楔形块做水平往复移动，从而使得支撑 轮在楔形块上滚动，使得底板可以做往复竖向移动，进而可以带动竖杆往复顶起喂料板，从而通过伸缩弹簧使得喂料板发生振动，可以使得秸秆中的金属、石子等杂物在惯性的作用下与秸秆分离，并通过筛孔掉落至槽体内，完成了对秸秆的预处理，避免粉碎筒收到金属、石子等杂物的挤压损坏，且在双轴电机对秸秆粉碎时，可以完成对杂物中的金属收集的功能，从而使得装置在对秸秆预处理以及粉碎的同时可以对金属进行有效收集，便于金属的回收使用，
附图说明
图1为本发明结构示意图；
图2为本发明喂料组件局部结构侧视示意图；
图3为本发明A处结构示意图；
图4为本发明喂料口结构俯视示意图；
图5为本发明收集槽结构示意图；
图6为本发明B处结构示意图。
图中：1、处理箱；2、进料口；3、喂料组件；31、喂料口；3111、挡板；3112、喂料板；3113、筛孔；3114、挡门；3115、转动电机；32、铰接座；33、横板；34、伸缩弹簧；35、收集槽；351、槽体；352、第一电磁铁筒；353、固定罩；354、转动杆；355、驱动电机；356、第二电磁铁筒；357、电动推杆；358、推块；359、排出口；36、竖杆；37、底板；38、横杆；310、支撑轮；311、支撑弹簧；312、楔形块；313、导向架；314、导向槽；315、复位弹簧；316、连接轮；317、凸轮；318、伺服电机；4、双轴电机；5、粉碎电机；6、粉碎 筒；7、挤压组件；71、驱动齿轮；72、齿条杆；73、滑杆；74、挤压板；741、板体；742、风扇；743、通风孔；744、挡块；745、电动伸缩杆；746、进风孔；8、出料门；9、通气口；10、进气管；11、进气罩；12、气体净化箱。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提供一种技术方案：一种农业机械秸秆环保高效处理装置，请参阅图1，包括处理箱1，处理箱1的左侧上部一体成型有进料口2，处理箱1的左侧设置有喂料组件3，处理箱1的左侧固定连接有双轴电机4，处理箱1于双轴电机4的下方设置有粉碎电机5，双轴电机4和粉碎电机5的右侧动力转轴上均设置有粉碎筒6，两组粉碎筒6上均焊接有粉碎刀，且两组粉碎筒6的粉碎刀相互配合设置，且两组粉碎筒6均通过轴承转动连接在处理箱1的内壁上，处理箱1于底部粉碎筒6的下方设置有下料口，处理箱1的左侧底端内壁设置有挤压组件7，处理箱1的右侧底部铰接有出料门8，且出料门8上设置有通气口9，通气口9用于排出经过气体净化箱12净化后的空气，处理箱1的左侧连通有进气管10，且进气管10的顶部设置有进气罩11，所述进气管10的底端与固定连接在处理箱1内壁上的气体净化 箱12连通，气体净化箱12与现有技术中对气体净化的净化装置相同，可以对气体中的灰尘杂质进行过滤和吸附，使得排出的气体符合排放标准，文中所有的电机均通过减速机连接其动力转轴，所有的电器元件均通过外部电源开关控制，并且通过外部电源导线连接外部电源。
请参阅图1、图2和图3，喂料组件3包括喂料口31，且喂料口31位于进料口2的上方，喂料口31前后两侧的左端均铰接有铰接座32，两组铰接座32的底端均固定连接在横板33上，横板33的右端固定连接在处理箱1上，横板33的顶部设置有两组结构相同的伸缩弹簧34，且两组伸缩弹簧34的顶端分别铰接在喂料口31的前后两侧，喂料板3112在被往复顶起时，使得伸缩弹簧34可以发生弹性变形，从而使得喂料板3112可以发生振动，横板33的顶部设置有收集槽35，且收集槽35位于喂料口31的正下方，喂料口31底部的前后两侧均铰接有竖杆36，两组竖杆36的底端均贯穿横板33连接有底板37，两组底板37的相对侧连接有横杆38，前侧底板37的底部连接有支撑轮310，前侧底板37的顶部设置有套接在前侧竖杆36上的支撑弹簧311，支撑轮310的底部与楔形块312的斜面滚动连接，使得支撑轮310在楔形块312上往复滚动时，底板37可以竖向往复移动，从而可以带动竖杆36往复顶起喂料板3112，楔形块312的左端固定连接有导向架313，导向架313的顶部与固定连接在横板33上的导向槽314滑动连接，导向槽314的内壁上设置有与导向架313连接的复位弹簧315，楔形块312的右侧设置有安装杆，且安装杆的右端连接在连接轮316上，安装杆的外部活动套设有固定连接在横板 33上的导向套，导向套可以起到对安装杆导向的作用，连接轮316的右侧滚动连接在凸轮317上，凸轮317套接在伺服电机318的动力转轴上，伺服电机318的底部固定连接在处理箱1上。
请参阅图4，喂料口31包括两组结构相同的挡板3111，两组挡板3111的底部分别固定在喂料板3112顶部的前后两侧，挡板3111可以防止秸秆滑出，喂料板3112的底部与竖杆36铰接，喂料板3112的中部均匀开设有筛孔3113，喂料板3112发生振动时，可以使得秸秆中的金属、石子等杂物在惯性的作用下与秸秆分离，并通过筛孔3113掉落至槽体351内，喂料板3112的顶部贴合连接有挡门3114，挡门3114的前后两端均设置有转轴，且两组转轴均通过轴承与挡板3111转动连接，后侧转轴的后端贯穿挡板3111与转动电机3115的动力转轴连接，且转动电机3115固定连接在后侧挡板3111上，在秸秆预处理结束后，通过转动电机3115工作，使得转轴转动，使得挡门3114旋转，即可使得秸秆从喂料板3112上落至进料口2处。
请参阅图1和图5，收集槽35包括固定连接在横板33上的槽体351，槽体351位于筛孔3113的下方，槽体351的内部通过轴承转动连接有两组结构相同的转动轴，两组转动轴的相对侧均固定连接在第一电磁铁筒352上，右侧转动轴的右端依次贯穿固定罩353和槽体351，且右侧转动轴的右端与双轴电机4左侧的动力转轴连接，右侧转动轴上套接有主动锥齿轮，主动锥齿轮的底部与从动锥齿轮相啮合，且主动锥齿轮与从动锥齿轮均位于固定罩353的内部，固定罩353可以避免杂物落在主动锥齿轮以及从动锥齿轮上，从动锥齿轮设置在转 动杆354上，转动杆354的底端贯穿固定罩353与槽体351的内壁通过轴承转动连接，转动杆354于固定罩353的下方固定连接有驱动电机355，驱动电机355的动力转轴上设置有第二电磁铁筒356，槽体351的右侧底部贯穿有电动推杆357，电动推杆357的右端固定连接在处理箱1上，电动推杆357的左端固定连接在推块358上，且推块358位于转动杆354的左侧，槽体351的左侧底部设置有排出口359，通过电动推杆357工作，可以通过推块358将杂物通过排出口359推出。
请参阅图1，挤压组件7包括驱动齿轮71，驱动齿轮71套接在电机的动力转轴上，电机(图中未画出)设置在处理箱1的外壁上，驱动齿轮71的底部与齿条杆72相啮合，齿条杆72的底部设置有与处理箱1滑动连接的滑杆73，齿条杆72的右端固定连接有挤压板74，且挤压板74的顶部与下料口的底部相平齐，碎料在挤压板74与出料门8之间被压缩，打开出料门8，即可拉出压缩后的碎料，方便运输和使用。
请参阅图1和图6，挤压板74包括板体741，板体741内壁上固定连接有两组结构相同的风扇742，且板体741的右侧开设有两组结构相同的通风孔743，风扇742工作可以对碎料进行风干，便于回收后使用，板体741的顶部和底部内壁均设置有电动伸缩杆745，两组电动伸缩杆745的相对侧均设置有挡块744，且挡块744的右侧均与板体741的内壁贴合连接，在需要挤压板74压缩碎料时，关闭风扇742，使得电动伸缩杆745带动挡块744挡住通风孔743，可以避免 碎料进入板体741内，板体741的左侧开设有进风孔746。
请参阅图6，挡块744均呈直角三角形结构，可以起到导风的作用，挡块744的纵截面积大于通风孔743的纵截面积，使得挡块744可以完全挡住通风孔743，通风孔743和通气口9上均设置有防尘网。
请参阅图1，处理箱1上设置有检修门，且检修门位于气体净化箱12的上方，便于对气体净化箱12进行检修。
一种农业机械秸秆环保高效处理装置的方法，包括如下步骤：
S1：检查装置中的各部件能否平稳运行，检查完毕后将秸秆放在喂料板3112上，启动伺服电机318、双轴电机4、粉碎电机5、驱动电机355和风扇742，并且向第一电磁铁筒352和第二电磁铁筒356通电；
S2：伺服电机318工作，使得凸轮317转动，进而带动连接轮316在凸轮317上滚动，使得安装杆可以带动楔形块312做水平移动，通过复位弹簧315的弹力，使得楔形块312可以带动连接轮316一直在凸轮317上滚动，进而使得楔形块312可以做水平往复移动，从而使得支撑轮310在楔形块312上滚动，通过支撑弹簧311的弹力，使得支撑轮310可以一直在楔形块312上滚动，进而使得底板37可以做竖向的往复移动，通过底板37往复竖向移动，可以带动竖杆36往复顶起喂料板3112，进而通过伸缩弹簧34使得喂料板3112发生振动，可以使得秸秆中的金属、石子等杂物在惯性的作用下与秸秆分离，并通过筛孔3113掉落至槽体351内，通过转动电机3115工作，可以带动挡门3114打开，即可将经过预处理后的秸秆送至进料口2上， 并通过进料口2进入处理箱1内粉碎，双轴电机4和粉碎电机5工作，使得粉碎筒6对秸秆进行粉碎，粉碎后通过下料口落到挤压板74的右侧；
S3：通过双轴电机4做正反往复转动，使得主动锥齿轮以及第一电磁铁筒352均做正反往复转动，进而使得从动锥齿轮做正反往复转动以及对落下的杂物进行吸附，使得杂物中的金属被第一电磁铁筒352吸附，从动锥齿轮带动转动杆354做正反往复转动，使得驱动电机355和第二电磁铁筒356均以转动杆354为中心做往复运动，同时驱动电机355带动第二电磁铁筒356转动，可以有效的对杂物中的金属进行吸附，提高了吸附的效果和效率，通过电动推杆357带动推块358移动，即可排出杂物，当需要取出金属时，使得第一电磁铁筒352和第二电磁铁筒356断电即可，使得装置在对秸秆预处理以及粉碎的同时可以对金属进行有效收集，便于回收使用；
S4：碎料通过下料口落下后，挤压板74上的风扇742工作可以对碎料进行风干，便于回收后使用，并且风扇742工作，使得喂料时的秸秆上的灰尘通过进气罩11以及进气管10进入气体净化箱12内净化，然后空气依次从进风孔746、通风孔743和通气口9排出，可以避免秸秆上附着的灰尘飘散在空气中，影响使用者的呼吸道健康，起到了环保的作用，需要取出粉碎后的碎料时，关闭风扇742，使得电动伸缩杆745带动挡块744挡住通风孔743，然后启动电机，使得电机带动驱动齿轮71逆时针转动，使得齿条杆72带动挤压板74向 右移动，使得碎料被压缩，打开出料门8，即可拉出压缩后的碎料，方便运输和使用。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种农业机械秸秆环保高效处理装置，包括处理箱(1)，其特征在于：所述处理箱(1)的左侧上部一体成型有进料口(2)，所述处理箱(1)的左侧设置有喂料组件(3)，所述处理箱(1)的左侧固定连接有双轴电机(4)，所述处理箱(1)于双轴电机(4)的下方设置有粉碎电机(5)，所述双轴电机(4)和粉碎电机(5)的右侧动力转轴上均设置有粉碎筒(6)，且两组所述粉碎筒(6)均通过轴承转动连接在处理箱(1)的内壁上，所述处理箱(1)于底部所述粉碎筒(6)的下方设置有下料口，所述处理箱(1)的左侧底端内壁设置有挤压组件(7)，所述处理箱(1)的右侧底部铰接有出料门(8)，且出料门(8)上设置有通气口(9)，所述处理箱(1)的左侧连通有进气管(10)，且进气管(10)的顶部设置有进气罩(11)，所述进气管(10)的底端与固定连接在处理箱(1)内壁上的气体净化箱(12)连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种农业机械秸秆环保高效处理装置，其特征在于：所述喂料组件(3)包括喂料口(31)，且喂料口(31)位于进料口(2)的上方，所述喂料口(31)前后两侧的左端均铰接有铰接座(32)，两组所述铰接座(32)的底端均固定连接在横板(33)上，所述横板(33)的右端固定连接在处理箱(1)上，所述横板(33)的顶部设置有两组结构相同的伸缩弹簧(34)，且两组所述伸缩弹簧(34)的顶端分别铰接在喂料口(31)的前后两侧，所述横板(33)的顶部设置有收集槽(35)，且收集槽(35)位于喂料口(31)的正下方，所述喂料口(31)底部的前后两侧均铰接有竖杆(36)，两组 所述竖杆(36)的底端均贯穿横板(33)连接有底板(37)，两组所述底板(37)的相对侧连接有横杆(38)，前侧所述底板(37)的底部连接有支撑轮(310)，前侧所述底板(37)的顶部设置有套接在前侧所述竖杆(36)上的支撑弹簧(311)，所述支撑轮(310)的底部与楔形块(312)的斜面滚动连接，所述楔形块(312)的左端固定连接有导向架(313)，所述导向架(313)的顶部与固定连接在横板(33)上的导向槽(314)滑动连接，所述导向槽(314)的内壁上设置有与导向架(313)连接的复位弹簧(315)，所述楔形块(312)的右侧设置有安装杆，且安装杆的右端连接在连接轮(316)上，所述安装杆的外部活动套设有固定连接在横板(33)上的导向套，所述连接轮(316)的右侧滚动连接在凸轮(317)上，所述凸轮(317)套接在伺服电机(318)的动力转轴上，所述伺服电机(318)的底部固定连接在处理箱(1)上。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种农业机械秸秆环保高效处理装置，其特征在于：所述喂料口(31)包括两组结构相同的挡板(3111)，两组所述挡板(3111)的底部分别固定在喂料板(3112)顶部的前后两侧，所述喂料板(3112)的底部与竖杆(36)铰接，所述喂料板(3112)的中部均匀开设有筛孔(3113)，所述喂料板(3112)的顶部贴合连接有挡门(3114)，所述挡门(3114)的前后两端均设置有转轴，且两组所述转轴均通过轴承与挡板(3111)转动连接，后侧所述转轴的后端贯穿挡板(3111)与转动电机(3115)的动力转轴连接，且转动电机(3115)固定连接在后侧所述挡板(3111)上。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种农业机械秸秆环保高效处理装置，其特征在于：所述收集槽(35)包括固定连接在横板(33)上的槽体(351)，所述槽体(351)位于筛孔(3113)的下方，所述槽体(351)的内部通过轴承转动连接有两组结构相同的转动轴，两组所述转动轴的相对侧均固定连接在第一电磁铁筒(352)上，右侧所述转动轴的右端依次贯穿固定罩(353)和槽体(351)，且右侧所述转动轴的右端与双轴电机(4)左侧的动力转轴连接，右侧所述转动轴上套接有主动锥齿轮，所述主动锥齿轮的底部与从动锥齿轮相啮合，且主动锥齿轮与从动锥齿轮均位于固定罩(353)的内部，所述从动锥齿轮设置在转动杆(354)上，所述转动杆(354)的底端贯穿固定罩(353)与槽体(351)的内壁通过轴承转动连接，所述转动杆(354)于固定罩(353)的下方固定连接有驱动电机(355)，所述驱动电机(355)的动力转轴上设置有第二电磁铁筒(356)，所述槽体(351)的右侧底部贯穿有电动推杆(357)，所述电动推杆(357)的右端固定连接在处理箱(1)上，所述电动推杆(357)的左端固定连接在推块(358)上，且推块(358)位于转动杆(354)的左侧，所述槽体(351)的左侧底部设置有排出口(359)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种农业机械秸秆环保高效处理装置，其特征在于：所述挤压组件(7)包括驱动齿轮(71)，所述驱动齿轮(71)套接在电机的动力转轴上，所述电机设置在处理箱(1)的外壁上，所述驱动齿轮(71)的底部与齿条杆(72)相啮合，所述齿条杆(72)的底部设置有与处理箱(1)滑动连接的滑杆(73)，所述齿 条杆(72)的右端固定连接有挤压板(74)，且挤压板(74)的顶部与下料口的底部相平齐。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种农业机械秸秆环保高效处理装置，其特征在于：所述挤压板(74)包括板体(741)，所述板体(741)内壁上固定连接有两组结构相同的风扇(742)，且板体(741)的右侧开设有两组结构相同的通风孔(743)，所述板体(741)的顶部和底部内壁均设置有电动伸缩杆(745)，两组所述电动伸缩杆(745)的相对侧均设置有挡块(744)，且挡块(744)的右侧均与板体(741)的内壁贴合连接，所述板体(741)的左侧开设有进风孔(746)。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种农业机械秸秆环保高效处理装置，其特征在于：所述挡块(744)均呈直角三角形结构，所述挡块(744)的纵截面积大于所述通风孔(743)的纵截面积，所述通风孔(743)和通气口(9)上均设置有防尘网。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种农业机械秸秆环保高效处理装置，其特征在于：所述处理箱(1)上设置有检修门，且检修门位于气体净化箱(12)的上方。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任意一项所述的一种农业机械秸秆环保高效处理装置的方法，其特征在于：该方法包括如下步骤：
    S1：检查装置中的各部件能否平稳运行，检查完毕后将秸秆放在喂料板(3112)上，启动伺服电机(318)、双轴电机(4)、粉碎电机(5)、驱动电机(355)和风扇(742)，并且向第一电磁铁筒(352)和第二电磁铁筒(356)通电；
    S2：伺服电机(318)工作，使得凸轮(317)转动，进而带动连接轮(316)在凸轮(317)上滚动，使得安装杆可以带动楔形块(312)做水平移动，通过复位弹簧(315)的弹力，使得楔形块(312)可以带动连接轮(316)一直在凸轮(317)上滚动，进而使得楔形块(312)可以做水平往复移动，从而使得支撑轮(310)在楔形块(312)上滚动，通过支撑弹簧(311)的弹力，使得支撑轮(310)可以一直在楔形块(312)上滚动，进而使得底板(37)可以做竖向的往复移动，通过底板(37)往复竖向移动，可以带动竖杆(36)往复顶起喂料板(3112)，进而通过伸缩弹簧(34)使得喂料板(3112)发生振动，可以使得秸秆中的金属、石子等杂物在惯性的作用下与秸秆分离，并通过筛孔(3113)掉落至槽体(351)内，通过转动电机(3115)工作，可以带动挡门(3114)打开，即可将经过预处理后的秸秆送至进料口(2)上，并通过进料口(2)进入处理箱(1)内粉碎，双轴电机(4)和粉碎电机(5)工作，使得粉碎筒(6)对秸秆进行粉碎，粉碎后通过下料口落到挤压板(74)的右侧；
    S3：通过双轴电机(4)做正反往复转动，使得主动锥齿轮以及第一电磁铁筒(352)均做正反往复转动，进而使得从动锥齿轮做正反往复转动以及对落下的杂物进行吸附，使得杂物中的金属被第一电磁铁筒(352)吸附，从动锥齿轮带动转动杆(354)做正反往复转动，使得驱动电机(355)和第二电磁铁筒(356)均以转动杆(354)为中心做往复运动，同时驱动电机(355)带动第二电磁铁筒(356)转动，可以有效的对杂物中的金属进行吸附，提高了吸附的效果和效率， 通过电动推杆(357)带动推块(358)移动，即可排出杂物，当需要取出金属时，使得第一电磁铁筒(352)和第二电磁铁筒(356)断电即可，使得装置在对秸秆预处理以及粉碎的同时可以对金属进行有效收集，便于回收使用；
    S4：碎料通过下料口落下后，挤压板(74)上的风扇(742)工作可以对碎料进行风干，便于回收后使用，并且风扇(742)工作，使得喂料时的秸秆上的灰尘通过进气罩(11)以及进气管(10)进入气体净化箱(12)内净化，然后空气依次从进风孔(746)、通风孔(743)和通气口(9)排出，可以避免秸秆上附着的灰尘飘散在空气中，影响使用者的呼吸道健康，起到了环保的作用，需要取出粉碎后的碎料时，关闭风扇(742)，使得电动伸缩杆(745)带动挡块(744)挡住通风孔(743)，然后启动电机，使得电机带动驱动齿轮(71)逆时针转动，使得齿条杆(72)带动挤压板(74)向右移动，使得碎料被压缩，打开出料门(8)，即可拉出压缩后的碎料，方便运输和使用。
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