WO2021100638A1 - 懸濁重合用分散剤、懸濁重合用分散剤の製造方法、及びビニル系重合体粒子の製造方法 - Google Patents
懸濁重合用分散剤、懸濁重合用分散剤の製造方法、及びビニル系重合体粒子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021100638A1 WO2021100638A1 PCT/JP2020/042542 JP2020042542W WO2021100638A1 WO 2021100638 A1 WO2021100638 A1 WO 2021100638A1 JP 2020042542 W JP2020042542 W JP 2020042542W WO 2021100638 A1 WO2021100638 A1 WO 2021100638A1
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- vinyl
- dispersant
- suspension polymerization
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- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005397 methacrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical compound COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QYZFTMMPKCOTAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethyl]-2-[[1-[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethylamino]-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl]diazenyl]-2-methylpropanamide Chemical compound OCCNCCNC(=O)C(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C(=O)NCCNCCO QYZFTMMPKCOTAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWPMNMYLORDLJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CCNC(=O)C=C SWPMNMYLORDLJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPHQUSNPXDGUHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CNC(=O)C=C YPHQUSNPXDGUHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXPWPYISTQCNDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N oct-7-en-1-ol Chemical compound OCCCCCCC=C WXPWPYISTQCNDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005702 oxyalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- LQAVWYMTUMSFBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent-4-en-1-ol Chemical compound OCCCC=C LQAVWYMTUMSFBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVAMZGADVCBITI-UHFFFAOYSA-M pent-4-enoate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC=C HVAMZGADVCBITI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000256 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010486 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- NOVHGUXJIQPGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enamide;triethoxy(propyl)silane Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C.CCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC NOVHGUXJIQPGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UALUSSOHQPEICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enamide;trimethoxy(propyl)silane Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C.CCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC UALUSSOHQPEICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KOUKXHPPRFNWPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC(=O)C1=CN=C(C(O)=O)C=N1 KOUKXHPPRFNWPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940082004 sodium laurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940035044 sorbitan monolaurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010558 suspension polymerization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003566 thiocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tristearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric aldehyde Natural products CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl benzoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
- C08F2/20—Aqueous medium with the aid of macromolecular dispersing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F16/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical
- C08F16/02—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical by an alcohol radical
- C08F16/04—Acyclic compounds
- C08F16/06—Polyvinyl alcohol ; Vinyl alcohol
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F14/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F14/02—Monomers containing chlorine
- C08F14/04—Monomers containing two carbon atoms
- C08F14/06—Vinyl chloride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/04—Polymerisation in solution
- C08F2/06—Organic solvent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/38—Polymerisation using regulators, e.g. chain terminating agents, e.g. telomerisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/12—Hydrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/12—Powdering or granulating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/38—Alcohols, e.g. oxidation products of paraffins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F18/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid or of a haloformic acid
- C08F18/02—Esters of monocarboxylic acids
- C08F18/04—Vinyl esters
- C08F18/08—Vinyl acetate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F216/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical
- C08F216/02—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical by an alcohol radical
- C08F216/04—Acyclic compounds
- C08F216/06—Polyvinyl alcohol ; Vinyl alcohol
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2329/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Derivatives of such polymer
- C08J2329/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08J2329/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a dispersant for suspension polymerization, a method for producing a dispersant for suspension polymerization, and a method for producing vinyl-based polymer particles.
- a vinyl-based compound such as vinyl chloride is dispersed in an aqueous medium in the presence of a dispersant (sometimes called a dispersion stabilizer) to obtain an oil.
- a dispersant sometimes called a dispersion stabilizer
- Suspension polymerization in which polymerization is carried out using a soluble catalyst, is widely practiced.
- factors that control the quality of a vinyl polymer obtained by suspension polymerization of a vinyl compound include the polymerization rate, water-monomer ratio, polymerization temperature, type and amount of oil-soluble catalyst, and type of polymerization tank. , Stirring speed of contents in the polymerization tank, type of dispersant, etc., but the type of dispersant has a large influence.
- the performance required for the dispersant for suspension polymerization of vinyl compounds is as follows: [1] Stable vinyl polymer particles can be obtained with a small amount of addition, and [2] High uniformity and porosity. For example, vinyl-based polymer particles can be obtained. The highly uniform and porous vinyl-based polymer particles have high plasticizer absorption and excellent processability. Conventionally, as a dispersant for suspension polymerization of vinyl compounds, in addition to cellulose derivatives such as methyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose, partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol and the like have been used alone or in combination as appropriate.
- Patent Document 1 states that "the ratio of the weight average degree of polymerization to the number average degree of polymerization is 3.0 or less and has a carbonyl group in the molecule, which is adjacent thereto. It has a vinylene group, and the absorbance coefficients of 280 nm and 320 nm according to the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of a 0.1% aqueous solution are 0.30 or more and 0.15 or more, respectively, and the ratio of the absorbance coefficient of 320 nm to 280 nm is 0.30 or more.
- a dispersion stabilizer for suspension polymerization of a vinyl compound composed of polyvinyl alcohol is described.
- Patent Document 2 states that "the degree of saponification is 75 to 85 mol%, the absorbance of a 0.1 wt% aqueous solution at a wavelength of 280 nm is 0.1 or more, and the content of carboxyl groups is 0.01 to 0.15 mol% and 0.
- a dispersion stabilizer for suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride composed of polyvinyl alcohol having a cloud point of 50 ° C. or higher in a 1 wt% aqueous solution is described.
- the conventional suspension polymerization dispersant (suspension polymerization dispersion stabilizer) does not always obtain satisfactory performance with respect to the above requirements [1] and [2].
- the amount of the dispersant added is small, it is difficult to stably carry out suspension polymerization, and there is a disadvantage that the particle size of the obtained vinyl polymer particles becomes large.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and is a dispersant for suspension polymerization capable of producing vinyl-based polymer particles having a small particle size with a small amount of addition, such suspension polymerization. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a dispersant for use and a method for producing vinyl-based polymer particles using such a dispersant for suspension polymerization.
- Dispersant for suspension polymerization having a ratio (A / B) of 0.7 or more and 1.2 or less;
- R 1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- n is an integer from 1 to 10. * Indicates a site of the vinyl alcohol polymer that binds to a portion other than the structure represented by the above formula 1.
- the average value PA of the circularity P represented by the following formula 2 of 50 particles arbitrarily extracted from particles having a particle size of 100 ⁇ m or more and 1,000 ⁇ m or less is 0.1 or more and 0.8 or less [].
- Dispersant for suspension polymerization Among the above equation 2, r i is the radius of curvature of each corner of the grain.
- R is the radius of the maximum inscribed circle of the particle.
- N is the number of horns the particle has. However, when the number of corners of the particle is 9 or more, the radius of curvature of 8 corners is adopted in ascending order of radius of curvature, and N is set to 8.
- [3] The dispersion for suspension polymerization of [1] or [2], wherein the vinyl alcohol-based polymer has a viscosity average degree of polymerization of 500 or more and 1,500 or less and a saponification degree of 60 mol% or more and 90 mol% or less.
- a dispersant for suspension polymerization capable of producing vinyl-based polymer particles having a small particle size with a small amount of addition, a method for producing such a dispersant for suspension polymerization, and the like. It is possible to provide a method for producing vinyl-based polymer particles using a various suspension polymerization dispersant.
- the dispersant for suspension polymerization of the present invention (hereinafter, also referred to as “dispersant”) is also referred to as a vinyl alcohol-based polymer having a structure represented by the following formula 1 (hereinafter, also referred to as “PVA (polyvinyl alcohol)”). ), And the average particle size is 100 ⁇ m or more and 2,000 ⁇ m or less.
- the dispersant contains particles A having a particle size of 500 ⁇ m or more and particles B having a particle size of 220 ⁇ m or less (212 ⁇ m or less).
- the ratio (A / B) of the absorbance A of the 0.1% by mass aqueous solution of the particles A at an optical path length of 10 mm and a wavelength of 320 nm to the absorbance B of the 0.1 mass% aqueous solution of the particles B at a wavelength of 10 mm and a wavelength of 320 nm is It is 0.7 or more and 1.2 or less.
- R 1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- n is an integer from 1 to 10. * Indicates a site of the vinyl alcohol polymer that binds to a portion other than the structure represented by the above formula 1.
- a conventional dispersant made of PVA is produced by producing PVA particles (or powder) having a carbonyl group and then heat-treating the PVA particles.
- PVA particles or powder
- the dispersion state and reactivity of the vinyl compound may be affected by the difference in physical properties between the PVA contained in the particles having a large particle size and the PVA contained in the particles having a small particle size. Non-uniformity occurs.
- the particle size (average particle size) of the obtained vinyl-based polymer particles becomes large due to the formation of coarse polymer particles and the like.
- the absorbance A of the particle A having a relatively large particle size at a wavelength of 320 nm and the absorbance B of the particle B having a relatively small particle size at a wavelength of 320 nm are about the same.
- the difference in physical properties is small. Therefore, when the dispersant of the present invention is used, a highly homogeneous reaction occurs, so that stable suspension polymerization can be performed. As a result, it is considered that the particle size (average particle size) of the obtained vinyl-based polymer particles becomes smaller because coarse polymer particles are less likely to be generated. In addition, such a dispersant of the present invention can be effectively produced by the production method described later. Hereinafter, the dispersant of the present invention will be described in detail.
- R 1 in formula 1 is an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
- R 1 in Formula 1 a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, and a methyl group and an ethyl group are preferred.
- N in Equation 1 may be, for example, an integer of 1 to 6, and may be an integer of 1 to 4.
- the structure represented by the formula 1 uses an aldehyde or a ketone as a chain transfer agent (denaturing agent) when polymerizing a vinyl ester-based polymer as a precursor, and heats the polymer. Therefore, it can be effectively introduced into the polymer.
- the PVA is a polymer having a vinyl alcohol unit as a monomer unit.
- the PVA is usually obtained by saponifying a vinyl ester polymer.
- the lower limit of the saponification degree of PVA may be, for example, 40 mol% or 50 mol%, but 50 mol% is preferable, 60 mol% is more preferable, and 68 mol% is further preferable.
- the upper limit of the saponification degree may be 100 mol% or 99 mol%, but 98 mol% is preferable, 95 mol% is more preferable, 90 mol% is further preferable, and 85 mol% is further preferable. 80 mol% is particularly preferred.
- the saponification degree of the PVA is in the above range, the surface activity performance is optimized, and thus vinyl-based polymer particles having a smaller particle size can be produced. Further, when the saponification degree is not more than the above upper limit, the surface activity performance is enhanced, and the plasticizer absorbability of the obtained vinyl polymer particles is enhanced.
- the saponification degree is a value measured by the method described in JIS K6726: 1994.
- the PVA may have a monomer unit other than the vinyl alcohol unit and the vinyl ester unit.
- the monomer giving the other monomer unit include ⁇ -olefins such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, isobutene and 1-hexene; acrylic acid and methacrylic acid; acrylics such as methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate.
- Methacrylate ester such as methyl methacrylate and ethyl methacrylate; acrylamide derivative such as N-methylacrylamide and N-ethylacrylamide; Methacrylate derivative such as N-methylmethacrylate and N-ethylmethacrylate; Methylvinyl ether, Vinyl ethers such as ethyl vinyl ether, n-propyl vinyl ether, isopropyl vinyl ether and n-butyl vinyl ether; hydroxy group-containing vinyl ethers such as ethylene glycol vinyl ether, 1,3-propanediol vinyl ether and 1,4-butanediol vinyl ether; allyl acetate; propyl allyl Allyl ethers such as ethers, butyl allyl ethers, and hexyl allyl ethers; monomers having an oxyalkylene group; isopropenyl acetate; 3-butene-1-ol,
- the ratio of the other monomer units to the total monomer units in the PVA may be preferably 20 mol% or less, and more preferably 10 mol% or less.
- the ratio of the other monomer units may be, for example, 0.1 mol% or more, and may be 1 mol% or more.
- the lower limit of the viscosity average degree of polymerization of PVA may be, for example, 200, 300 or 400, but 500 is preferable, 600 is more preferable, and 700 is further preferable.
- the viscosity average degree of polymerization is at least the above lower limit, the protective colloidal property is enhanced, and vinyl-based polymer particles having a smaller particle size can be produced.
- the upper limit of the viscosity average degree of polymerization may be, for example, 3,000 or 2,000, but 1,800 is preferable, 1,700 is more preferable, 1,500 is even more preferable, and 1,300. Is more preferable, and 1,100 is particularly preferable.
- the lower limit of the absorbance (UV320 nm) of the 0.1 mass% aqueous solution of PVA at an optical path length of 10 mm and a wavelength of 320 nm is preferably 0.05, more preferably 0.1, and even more preferably 0.2.
- the absorbance (UV280 nm) and the absorbance (UV320 nm) are equal to or higher than the above lower limit, it can be said that a sufficient amount of the structure represented by the above formula 1 is formed, and vinyl-based polymer particles having a smaller particle size are produced. be able to.
- the upper limit of the absorbance (UV280 nm) is not particularly limited, but is usually 10, and may be 8, 5, 3, 1 or 0.5.
- the upper limit of the absorbance (UV320 nm) is not particularly limited, but is usually 10, and may be 8, 5, 3, 1 or 0.5.
- the lower limit of the content of PVA in the non-volatile content of the dispersant of the present invention 30% by mass is preferable, 50% by mass is more preferable, and 70% by mass, 90% by mass or 99% by mass may be further preferable. ..
- the upper limit of the content of the PVA in the non-volatile content of the dispersant of the present invention may be 100% by mass.
- the non-volatile components other than PVA that may be contained in the dispersant of the present invention include PVA other than PVA having the structure represented by the above formula 1, resins other than PVA, surfactants, additives such as plasticizers, and the like. Examples thereof include each compound used at the time of production.
- the lower limit of the content of all PVA (PVA having the structure represented by the above formula 1 and other PVA) in the non-volatile content of the dispersant of the present invention is preferably 50% by mass, more preferably 70% by mass. , 80% by mass, 90% by mass or 99% by mass may be more preferable.
- the upper limit of the content of all PVA in the non-volatile content of the dispersant of the present invention may be 100% by mass.
- the content of the volatile content in the dispersant of the present invention is usually 20% by mass or less, preferably 15% by mass or less, and more preferably 10% by mass or less. Examples of the volatile matter that can be contained in the dispersant of the present invention include alcohol, water and the like.
- the dispersant of the present invention is a powder having an average particle size of 100 ⁇ m or more and 2,000 ⁇ m or less.
- the lower limit of the average particle size is preferably 150 ⁇ m, more preferably 200 ⁇ m.
- the upper limit of the average particle size is preferably 1,500 ⁇ m, more preferably 1,000 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 800 ⁇ m.
- vinyl-based polymer particles having a smaller particle size can be produced because the powder has higher uniformity and has been heat-treated and has good solubility. it can.
- dust explosion is less likely to occur and safety is enhanced.
- the average particle size of the dispersant is a value measured according to the method described in JIS K7369: 2009.
- the content of particles having a particle size of 100 to 1,000 ⁇ m is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50% by mass or more, preferably 55% by mass. % Or more is more preferable, 60% by mass or more is further preferable, and 65% by mass or more is even more preferable.
- the upper limit of the content of particles having a particle size of 100 to 1,000 ⁇ m may be 100% by mass or 95% by mass.
- Vinyl-based polymer particles can be produced.
- a sieve net having a nominal opening of 1,000 ⁇ m (16 mesh) and a sieve net having a nominal opening of 106 ⁇ m (150 mesh) were used, and JIS K7369: 2009. It can be obtained according to the method described in.
- the dispersant of the present invention contains particles A having a particle size of 500 ⁇ m or more and particles B having a particle size of 220 ⁇ m or less (specifically, 212 ⁇ m or less).
- the particle B may be a particle having a particle diameter of 212 ⁇ m or less.
- the lower limit is 0.7, preferably 0.75, more preferably 0.8, even more preferably 0.82, even more preferably 0.85, particularly preferably 0.88, and most preferably 0.90.
- the upper limit of the ratio (A / B) is 1.2, preferably 1.1, more preferably 1.05, further preferably 1.03, and particularly preferably 1.0.
- the lower limit of the absorbance A of the 0.1 mass% aqueous solution of the particles A at an optical path length of 10 mm and a wavelength of 320 nm is preferably 0.05, more preferably 0.1, further preferably 0.15, and particularly 0.2. preferable.
- the upper limit of the absorbance A is not particularly limited, but is usually 10, and may be 8, 5, 3, 1 or 0.5.
- the lower limit of the absorbance B of the 0.1 mass% aqueous solution of the particles B at an optical path length of 10 mm and a wavelength of 320 nm is preferably 0.05, more preferably 0.1, further preferably 0.15, and particularly 0.2. preferable.
- the upper limit of the absorbance B is not particularly limited, but is usually 10, and may be 8, 5, 3, 1 or 0.5.
- Particles A having a particle size of 500 ⁇ m or more can be sorted as particles that have not passed through a sieving net having a nominal opening of 500 ⁇ m in the sieving.
- Particles B having a particle size of 220 ⁇ m or less can be sorted as particles that have passed through a sieving net having a nominal opening of 212 ⁇ m in sieving.
- the mechanical sieving can be performed by, for example, the method described in JIS K7369: 2009.
- the average value PA of the degree of roundness P represented by the following formula 2 of 50 particles arbitrarily extracted from the particles having a particle size of 100 ⁇ m or more and 1,000 ⁇ m or less (hereinafter, “average roundness”). Degree ”) is preferably 0.1 or more and 0.8 or less.
- r i is the radius of curvature of each corner of the grain.
- R is the radius of the maximum inscribed circle of the particle.
- N is the number of horns the particle has. However, when the number of corners of the particle is 9 or more, the radius of curvature of 8 corners is adopted in ascending order of radius of curvature, and N is set to 8.
- the present inventors perform heat treatment (surface treatment while heating) on the crude powder containing PVA to increase the average degree of roundness, as described later, regardless of the size of the particle size. It has been found that a heat treatment having high uniformity is performed, and a dispersant for suspension polymerization having the above-mentioned absorbance ratio (A / B) close to 1 can be obtained. Therefore, the average roundness of the dispersant of the present invention is preferably 0.1 or more, more preferably 0.15 or more, still more preferably 0.20 or more, still more preferably 0.22 or more, still more preferably. When it is 0.25 or more, more preferably 0.28 or more, and particularly preferably 0.30 or more, vinyl-based polymer particles having a smaller particle size can be produced. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of productivity and the like, the average roundness is preferably 0.8 or less, more preferably 0.7 or less.
- the average roundness of the dispersant of the present invention is equal to or higher than the above lower limit, clogging of the dispersant in the pipe or silo is unlikely to occur when transporting through the pipe or packing through the silo.
- the reason for this is not always clear, but since the corners of each particle are rounded, the friction when the particles come into contact with each other and the friction when the particles come into contact with a wall surface or the like are small, and as a result, the fluidity of the particles becomes low. It is presumed to improve.
- the average degree of roundness of the dispersant can be determined by the following method. Arbitrarily 50 particles are extracted from the particles having a particle size of 100 to 1,000 ⁇ m (specifically, a particle size of 106 to 1,000 ⁇ m) in the dispersant. Particles having a particle size of 100 to 1,000 ⁇ m can be sorted as particles that have passed through a sieving net with a nominal opening of 1,000 ⁇ m and have not passed through a sieving net with a nominal opening of 106 ⁇ m in sieving.
- the sieving can be performed by, for example, the method described in JIS K7369: 2009.
- the extracted one particle, the projection view area of the apparent is maximized, eight corners in ascending order of the radius of curvature r i (in the case of the corner is less than eight, all corners) extracts , to measure the radius of curvature r i of each the corner. Further, the radius R of the maximum inscribed circle of the particle is measured based on the projection drawing that maximizes the apparent area. (When the number of corners having particle is more than 9, N is 8.) The number of N corner with particles and then, based on the measured r i and R, MadokaMigaku of one particle by the above formula 2 Degree P is obtained. A low degree of roundness P indicates that the particles have many angular corners, and a high degree of roundness indicates that the particles are rounded. The above-mentioned circularity P is measured for the extracted 50 particles, and the average value PA of the circularity P of these 50 particles is obtained. This average value PA is the average degree of roundness.
- the method for producing the dispersant of the present invention is not particularly limited, but the following method is preferable. That is, the method for producing the dispersant of the present invention is: A step of obtaining a crude powder by crushing a resin solid containing PVA (step B), and a step of processing the surface while heating the crude powder (step C). To be equipped.
- the method for producing a dispersant for suspension polymerization of the present invention may further include a step (step A) of synthesizing PVA and obtaining a resin solid containing PVA.
- Step A can include, for example, a polymerization step, a saponification step, and the like.
- the vinyl ester monomer is polymerized to obtain a vinyl ester-based polymer.
- the method for polymerizing the vinyl ester monomer include known methods such as a massive polymerization method, a solution polymerization method, a suspension polymerization method, and an emulsion polymerization method. Among these methods, a lumpy polymerization method performed without a solvent and a solution polymerization method performed using a solvent such as alcohol are preferable, and a solution polymerization method of polymerizing in the presence of a lower alcohol is more preferable.
- an alcohol having 3 or less carbon atoms is preferable, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and isopropanol are more preferable, and methanol is even more preferable.
- a batch method or a continuous method can be adopted as the reaction method.
- vinyl ester monomer examples include vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl valerate, vinyl caprate, vinyl laurate, vinyl stearate, vinyl benzoate, vinyl pivalate, vinyl versatic acid and the like. Be done. Of these, vinyl acetate is preferable.
- Examples of the polymerization initiator used in the polymerization reaction include 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2'-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), and 2,2'-azobis (4-). Azo-based initiators such as methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile); known polymerization initiators such as organic peroxide-based initiators such as benzoyl peroxide, n-propylperoxycarbonate, and diisopropylperoxydicarbonate. Can be mentioned.
- the polymerization temperature at the time of carrying out the polymerization reaction is not particularly limited, but a range of 5 ° C. or higher and 200 ° C. or lower is suitable.
- a copolymerizable monomer When polymerizing the vinyl ester monomer, a copolymerizable monomer can be further copolymerized within a range that does not impair the gist of the present invention.
- the copolymerizable monomer include those described above as a monomer that gives a monomer unit other than the vinyl alcohol unit and the vinyl ester unit that may be contained in the PVA represented by the formula 1. Be done.
- the PVA synthesized in step A preferably contains a PVA having a structure represented by R 1- CO- (R 1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms) as a terminal structure.
- R 1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- R 2 -CHO aldehydes represented by R 2 -CHO
- R 3 and R 4 are independently alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- chain transfer agents examples include aldehydes such as acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde and butyraldehyde; and ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone.
- aldehydes such as acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde and butyraldehyde
- ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone.
- One of these chain transfer agents may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in combination.
- a chain transfer agent other than the above-mentioned aldehyde or ketone may be further coexisted for the purpose of adjusting the degree of polymerization of the obtained PVA.
- chain transfer agent examples include aldehydes other than the above-mentioned aldehydes; ketones other than the above-mentioned ketones; mercaptans such as 2-hydroxyethanethiol; thiocarboxylic acids such as thioacetic acid; halogenated hydrocarbons such as trichlorethylene and perchloroethylene. Can be mentioned.
- the amount of the chain transfer agent added is determined according to the chain transfer constant of the chain transfer agent to be added, the degree of polymerization of the target PVA, etc., but is generally 0.1 to 10 mass by mass with respect to the vinyl ester used. % Is preferable.
- the vinyl ester polymer is saponified in an alcohol solution using an alkali catalyst or an acid catalyst to obtain PVA.
- an alkali catalyst or an acid catalyst for the saponification reaction of the vinyl ester polymer, hydrolysis or water addition using a conventionally known basic catalyst such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or sodium methoxide, or an acidic catalyst such as p-toluenesulfonic acid is used. Degradation reaction can be applied.
- the solvent used in the saponification reaction include alcohols such as methanol and ethanol; esters such as methyl acetate and ethyl acetate; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene.
- the saponification step can be performed by a belt type reactor, a kneader type reactor, a tower type reactor, or the like.
- a resin solid containing PVA By going through the saponification step, a resin solid containing PVA can be obtained.
- the content ratio of PVA in the non-volatile content in the resin solid is, for example, 50% by mass or more, preferably 70% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, and further preferably 99% by mass or more.
- the non-volatile content in the resin solid may be substantially PVA as a main component, but may contain impurities such as sodium acetate, by-products and the like.
- step B the resin solid containing PVA is pulverized.
- the PVA in the resin solid material to be subjected to the step B is preferably a PVA containing a carbonyl group in the terminal structure.
- the terminal structure it is preferable that the PVA has a structure represented by R 1- CO- (R 1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms).
- PVA having a structure represented by R 1- CO- uses an aldehyde or a ketone as a chain transfer agent (modifier). It can be obtained by saponifying the obtained vinyl ester-based polymer.
- a crude powder containing PVA can be obtained by pulverizing a resin solid containing PVA.
- the above pulverization can be performed by a known pulverizer.
- As the crusher an apparatus capable of controlling the degree of crushing such as crushing strength is preferable in order to adjust the average particle size of the obtained crude powder and the finally obtained dispersant.
- the average particle size of the crude powder obtained can also be controlled by the treatment time and the like.
- the obtained crude powder may be saponified again. Further, the obtained crude powder may be subjected to a cleaning treatment for reducing impurities such as sodium acetate, by-products and the like, and a drying treatment for reducing volatile components.
- the resin solid substance before pulverization may be subjected to a cleaning treatment or a drying treatment.
- Step C the surface of the crude powder is processed while being heated.
- the resin solid containing PVA When the resin solid containing PVA is crushed, the obtained crude powder has a very sharp-edged shape.
- the dispersant for suspension polymerization of the present invention is obtained in which the degree of heat treatment for each particle and the inside of the particles is large and the ratio of absorbance A to absorbance B is close to 1. Is difficult. Therefore, in step C, the crude powder is heat-treated and the corners are rounded (polishing or the like) to perform a heat treatment with high uniformity.
- the step C is a step of heat-treating the crude powder while processing the crude powder so that the corners are rounded, such as polishing. Further, by going through such a step C, a dispersant having a high average roundness can be obtained.
- Examples of the device used in the step C include a device capable of polishing the surface of the crude powder while heating the crude powder.
- the powder filling container rotates and the powders are separated from each other.
- a rotary kiln whose surface is polished by contact, a planetary motion mixer that can give three-dimensional motion to the contents by a screw blade that revolves in the container, and a paddle or screw in the container that rotates and rotates.
- Examples thereof include a mixer in which the internal powder is polished.
- Examples of the mixer include a Ladyge mixer, a Pam Amex mixer, a ribbon mixer and the like. Among these, from the viewpoint of processing efficiency, a mixer is preferable, and a Ladyge mixer is more preferable.
- the processing time and processing temperature in step C are appropriately adjusted according to the equipment to be used and the like.
- the processing time may be, for example, 10 minutes or more and 20 hours or less, and may be 30 minutes or more and 12 hours or less.
- the treatment temperature may be, for example, 60 ° C. or higher and 160 ° C. or lower, and may be 80 ° C. or higher and 140 ° C. or lower. If the treatment time is long and the treatment temperature is high, the heat treatment proceeds, and the absorbance at a wavelength of 280 nm and the absorbance at a wavelength of 320 nm tend to increase.
- the method for producing a dispersant for suspension polymerization of the present invention may also include a sieving step for adjusting the average particle size. Further, after the step C, a cleaning treatment or a drying treatment may be performed.
- the method for producing vinyl-based polymer particles of the present invention includes a step of suspend-polymerizing a vinyl compound using the dispersant of the present invention.
- the production method is the same as the known method for producing vinyl polymer particles, except that the dispersant of the present invention is used as the dispersant.
- a vinyl-based compound is usually suspended-polymerized in an aqueous medium using the dispersant of the present invention.
- an aqueous medium in addition to pure water, an aqueous solution containing various additive components or an aqueous medium containing another organic solvent can be used.
- the amount of the dispersant of the present invention added is not particularly limited, but is preferably 100 ppm or more and 50,000 ppm or less, and 200 ppm or more 20, with respect to the vinyl compound. 000 ppm or less is more preferable, and 10,000 ppm or less, 5,000 ppm or less, or 2,000 ppm or less may be further preferable.
- the dispersant of the present invention vinyl-based polymer particles having a small particle size can be obtained even with such a small amount of the dispersant added.
- the dispersant of the present invention may be used alone or in combination with other dispersants.
- Other dispersants include water-soluble cellulose ethers such as methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, which are usually used when suspend-polymerizing vinyl compounds in an aqueous medium, polyvinyl alcohol, gelatin and the like.
- Water-soluble polymer oil-soluble emulsifier such as sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan triolate, glycerin tristearate, ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer; water-soluble such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene glycerin oleate, sodium laurate, etc. Examples include sex emulsifiers.
- polymerization initiator used in the method for producing vinyl-based polymer particles of the present invention those conventionally used for the polymerization of vinyl-based compounds can be used, and specifically, the vinyl ester-based monomer described above can be used.
- a polymerization initiator similar to that exemplified in the polymerization of can be used.
- additives can be added to the polymerization system as needed.
- the additive include polymerization inhibitors such as aldehydes, halogenated hydrocarbons and mercaptans, and polymerization inhibitors such as phenol compounds, sulfur compounds and N-oxide compounds.
- a pH adjuster, an antiscale agent, a cross-linking agent and the like can be added.
- a plurality of the above additives may be used in combination.
- Examples of the vinyl-based compound that can be suspended-polymerized in the method for producing vinyl-based polymer particles of the present invention include vinyl halides such as vinyl chloride; vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate; acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and the like. These esters and salts; maleic acid, fumaric acid, these esters and anhydrides; styrene; acrylonitrile; vinylidene chloride; vinyl ether and the like. Among these vinyl compounds, vinyl chloride is preferable.
- the method for producing vinyl-based polymer particles of the present invention is particularly preferably used when suspend-polymerizing vinyl chloride alone or in combination with vinyl chloride and a monomer capable of copolymerizing with vinyl chloride.
- Examples of the monomer copolymerizable with vinyl chloride include vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate; (meth) acrylate esters such as methyl (meth) acrylate and ethyl (meth) acrylate; ethylene, Examples thereof include ⁇ -olefins such as propylene; unsaturated dicarboxylic acids such as maleic anhydride and itaconic acid; acrylonitrile; styrene; vinylidene chloride; vinyl ether and the like.
- the charging ratio, polymerization temperature, polymerization time, etc. of each component are conventionally adopted in suspension polymerization of vinyl-based compounds such as vinyl chloride. It can be similar to the conditions that have been set. In addition, there are no restrictions on the order or ratio of vinyl compounds, polymerization initiators, dispersants, aqueous media and other additives.
- UV spectrophotometer (“UV2100” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) to measure the sample with an optical path length of 10 mm and an absorbance at a wavelength of 320 nm (absorbance A and absorbance). B) was measured.
- Example 1 Production of Dispersant 1 for Suspension Polymerization Containing PVA1
- a 250 L reactor equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser tube, a nitrogen introduction tube, a comonomer dropping port and an initiator addition port 80 kg of vinyl acetate and 20 kg of methanol (80% by mass of vinyl acetate: 20% by mass of methanol) was charged, and the inside of the system was replaced with nitrogen for 30 minutes while subjecting to nitrogen bubbling.
- the temperature of the reactor was started and the internal temperature reached 60 ° C., 1.85 kg of acetaldehyde (2.3% by mass with respect to vinyl acetate) and 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN).
- AIBN 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile
- the polymerization was started by adding 43 g, and when the polymerization rate reached 50%, the mixture was cooled to stop the polymerization.
- the solid content concentration at the time of stopping the polymerization was 39.3% by mass.
- the unreacted vinyl acetate monomer was removed by occasionally adding methanol at 30 ° C. under reduced pressure to obtain a methanol solution of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc).
- methanol solution of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) 0.465 kg of an alkaline solution (10% by mass methanol solution of sodium hydroxide) was added to 57.1 kg (35% by mass of concentration, 20.0 kg of PVAc in the solution) of PVAC prepared by adding methanol to the solution.
- the white solid obtained by centrifugation was left in a dryer at 65 ° C. for 2 days to obtain a crude powder of PVA1.
- the degree of polymerization of PVA1 was 800 and the degree of saponification was 72.0 mol%.
- the crude powder of PVA1 was filled in a radige mixer "FKM130D" equipped with a Becker type excavator manufactured by Chuo Kiko Co., Ltd. A heat treatment was performed in a nitrogen atmosphere at a rotation speed of 160 rpm for a treatment time of 3.5 hours and a treatment temperature of 120 ° C. As a result, a dispersant 1 for suspension polymerization having an average particle size of 650 ⁇ m and an average roundness of 0.35 was obtained.
- Examples 2 to 16 Comparative Examples 1 to 4
- the obtained vinyl chloride polymer particles (vinyl-based polymer particles) were evaluated for average particle size (MGS) and plasticizer absorbability (CPA) by the above method. The results are shown in Table 2.
- the suspension polymerization dispersants of Examples 1 to 16 have an absorbance ratio (A / B) of 0.7 or more and 1.2 or less, and these suspension polymerization dispersants.
- a / B absorbance ratio
- vinyl-based polymer particles having a small particle size having an average particle size (MGS) evaluation of 2 or more could be obtained.
- the suspension polymerization dispersant of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 having an absorbance ratio (A / B) of less than 0.7, and the suspension of Comparative Example 4 containing no PVA having the structure represented by the formula 1
- the evaluation of the average particle size (MGS) was 1, and vinyl-based polymer particles having a small particle size could not be obtained.
- Dispersants for suspension polymerization having an absorbance ratio (A / B) of 0.7 or more and 1.2 or less was obtained. .. Dispersants for suspension polymerization that have been heat-treated using a specific device and have an absorbance ratio (A / B) of 0.7 or more and 1.2 or less have an average roundness of 0.1 or more. It was.
- the particle size of the suspension polymerization dispersant, the degree of polymerization of PVA, the degree of saponification, etc. also affect the performance of the suspension polymerization dispersant.
- Examples 1 to 4, 8, 14, and 15 have a degree of polymerization of PVA of 700 or more and 1,500 or less, a degree of saponification of 68 mol% or more and 85 mol% or less, and an average particle size of 200 ⁇ m or more and 1,000 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size (MGS) was evaluated as 4 or 5, and vinyl-based polymer particles having a smaller particle size could be obtained.
- the degree of polymerization of PVA is 700 or more and 1,100 or less
- the degree of saponification is 68 mol% or more and 85 mol% or less
- the content of particles having a particle size of 100 ⁇ m or more and 1,000 ⁇ m or less is 65% by mass or more or average.
- the average particle size (MGS) was evaluated as 5, and vinyl-based polymer particles having a particularly small particle size could be obtained.
- the absorbance ratio (A / B) was 0.9 or more and the degree of polymerization of PVA was 700 or more 1, It can be said that the content of particles having a saponification degree of 100 or less, a saponification degree of 68 mol% or more and 85 mol% or less, and a particle diameter of 100 ⁇ m or more and 1,000 ⁇ m or less is 60% by mass or more.
- the plasticizer absorbability of the obtained vinyl-based polymer particles is also enhanced by adjusting the degree of polymerization and the degree of saponification of PVA.
- the dispersant for suspension polymerization of the present invention can be used as a dispersant or the like during suspension polymerization of a vinyl compound.
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Abstract
Description
[1]下記式1で表される構造を有するビニルアルコール系重合体を含み、平均粒子径が100μm以上2,000μm以下である粉体であり、粒子径が500μm以上の粒子A及び粒子径が220μm以下の粒子Bを含有し、上記粒子Aの0.1質量%水溶液の光路長10mm、波長320nmにおける吸光度Aと上記粒子Bの0.1質量%水溶液の光路長10mm、波長320nmにおける吸光度Bとの比(A/B)が0.7以上1.2以下である懸濁重合用分散剤;
[2]粒子径100μm以上1,000μm以下の粒子から任意に抽出した50個の粒子の下記式2で表される円磨度Pの平均値PAが0.1以上0.8以下である[1]の懸濁重合用分散剤;
[3]上記ビニルアルコール系重合体の粘度平均重合度が500以上1,500以下であり、けん化度が60モル%以上90モル%以下である[1]又は[2]の懸濁重合用分散剤;
[4]上記ビニルアルコール系重合体の0.1質量%水溶液の光路長10mm、波長280nmにおける吸光度が0.05以上であり、光路長10mm、波長320nmにおける吸光度が0.05以上である[1]~[3]のいずれかの懸濁重合用分散剤;
[5]粒子径100μm以上1,000μm以下の粒子の含有率が50質量%以上である[1]~[4]のいずれかの懸濁重合用分散剤;
[6]ビニルアルコール系重合体を含む樹脂固形物を粉砕することにより、粗粉体を得る工程、及び上記粗粉体を加熱しながら表面を加工する工程を備える[1]~[5]のいずれかの懸濁重合用分散剤の製造方法;
[7][1]~[5]のいずれかの懸濁重合用分散剤を用いてビニル化合物を懸濁重合する工程を備えるビニル系重合体粒子の製造方法;
のいずれかを提供することにより達成される。
本発明の懸濁重合用分散剤(以下、「分散剤」とも称する。)は、下記式1で表される構造を有するビニルアルコール系重合体(以下、「PVA(ポリビニルアルコール)」とも称する。)を含み、平均粒子径が100μm以上2,000μm以下である粉体である。当該分散剤は、粒子径が500μm以上の粒子A及び粒子径が220μm以下(212μm以下)の粒子Bを含有する。上記粒子Aの0.1質量%水溶液の光路長10mm、波長320nmにおける吸光度Aと上記粒子Bの0.1質量%水溶液の光路長10mm、波長320nmにおける吸光度Bとの比(A/B)は0.7以上1.2以下である。
式1で表される構造を有するPVAは、本発明の分散剤の必須成分である。式1中のR1は炭素数1~4のアルキル基であり、好ましくは炭素数1~3のアルキル基であり、より好ましくは炭素数1~2のアルキル基である。式1中のR1で表される炭素数1~4のアルキル基としては、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基等が挙げられ、メチル基及びエチル基が好ましい。式1中のnは、例えば1~6の整数であってよく、1~4の整数であってもよい。式1で表される構造は、後述するように、前駆体であるビニルエステル系重合体を重合する際に、連鎖移動剤(変性剤)として、アルデヒドやケトンを用い、係る重合体を加熱することで効果的に重合体に導入することができる。
粘度平均重合度=([η]×104/8.29)(1/0.62)
本発明の分散剤は、平均粒子径が100μm以上2,000μm以下である粉体である。上記平均粒子径の下限は、150μmが好ましく、200μmがより好ましい。一方、上記平均粒子径の上限は、1,500μmが好ましく、1,000μmがより好ましく、800μmがさらに好ましい。平均粒子径が上記範囲である場合、より均一性が高く熱処理がなされた粉体となること、溶解性が良好であることなどにより、粒子径のより小さいビニル系重合体粒子を製造することができる。また、平均粒子径が上記下限以上であることで、粉塵爆発が生じ難くなり、安全性が高まる。分散剤の平均粒子径は、JIS K7369:2009に記載の方法に準拠して測定される値である。
本発明の分散剤の製造方法は特に制限されないが、以下の方法が好ましい。すなわち、本発明の分散剤の製造方法は、
PVAを含む樹脂固形物を粉砕することにより、粗粉体を得る工程(工程B)、及び
上記粗粉体を加熱しながら表面を加工する工程(工程C)
を備える。
工程Aは、例えば、重合工程、けん化工程等を備えることができる。
工程Bでは、PVAを含む樹脂固形物を粉砕する。工程Bに供せられる樹脂固形物中のPVAは、末端構造中にカルボニル基を含むPVAであることが好ましい。具体的には、末端構造として、R1-CO-(R1は炭素数1~4のアルキル基である。)で表される構造を有するPVAであることが好ましい。このような末端構造中にカルボニル基を含むPVAを用いることで、工程Cの熱処理を経て上記式1で表される構造を有するPVAが効果的に得られる。R1-CO-(R1は炭素数1~4のアルキル基である。)で表される構造を有するPVAは、上述のように、連鎖移動剤(変性剤)としてアルデヒド又はケトンを用いて得られたビニルエステル系重合体をけん化することなどにより得られる。
工程Cでは、粗粉体を加熱しながら、その表面を加工する。PVAを含む樹脂固形物を破砕した場合、得られる粗粉体は非常に角が尖った形状となっている。このような粗粉体を単に熱処理した場合、粒子毎及び粒子内の熱処理の程度の差が大きく、吸光度Aと吸光度Bとの比が1に近い本発明の懸濁重合用分散剤を得ることが難しい。そこで、工程Cにより、粗粉体に対して加熱処理を行いながら、角が丸まるような加工(研磨等)をすることで、均一性の高い熱処理が行われる。工程Cは、粗粉体に対して、研磨等の角が丸まるような加工をしながら、加熱処理を行う工程であるともいえる。また、このような工程Cを経ることで、平均円摩度が高い分散剤が得られる。
本発明のビニル系重合体粒子の製造方法は、本発明の分散剤を用いてビニル化合物を懸濁重合する工程を備える。当該製造方法は、分散剤として、本発明の分散剤を用いること以外は、公知のビニル系重合体粒子の製造方法と同様である。
PVAの粘度平均重合度をJIS K6726:1994に準じて測定した。具体的には、PVAのけん化度が99.5モル%未満の場合には、けん化度99.5モル%以上になるまでけん化し、得られたPVAについて、水中、30℃で測定した極限粘度[η](リットル/g)を用いて下記式により粘度平均重合度を求めた。
粘度平均重合度=([η]×104/8.29)(1/0.62)
PVAのけん化度をJIS K6726:1994に記載の方法により求めた。
JIS標準ふるいを使用して、JIS K7369:2009に記載の方法により懸濁重合用分散剤の平均粒子径及び粒子径100~1,000μm(具体的には粒子径106~1,000μm)の粒子の含有率を求めた。
上記したふるい分けによって粒子径100~1,000μm(具体的には粒子径106~1,000μm)の粒子を選別し、これらの粒子の中から任意の50個を抽出した。これらの粒子に対して、株式会社キーエンス製デジタルマイクロスコープVHX-900を用いた拡大率100倍の画像に基づき、曲率半径ri及び最大内接円の半径Rを求め、各粒子の円磨度Pを求めた。50個の粒子の円磨度Pの平均値PAを求め、平均円磨度とした。
PVA(懸濁重合用分散剤)の0.1質量%水溶液を調製し、UV分光光度計(島津製作所製「UV2100」)を用い、測定試料の光路長10mmで、波長280nmにおける吸光度(UV280nm)及び波長320nmにおける吸光度(UV320nm)を測定した。これらの吸収が確認できるPVAは、上記式1で表される構造を有するものとした。
上記したふるい分けによって、懸濁重合用分散剤から、粒子径が500μm以上の粒子A及び粒子径が220μm以下の粒子Bを選別した。粒子A及び粒子Bそれぞれの0.1質量%水溶液を調製し、UV分光光度計(株式会社島津製作所製「UV2100」)を用い、測定試料の光路長10mm、波長320nmにおける吸光度(吸光度A及び吸光度B)を測定した。
(1)平均粒子径(MGS)
得られたビニル系重合体粒子について、JIS標準篩を使用して、JIS Z 8815:1994に記載の乾式篩法により粒度分布を測定した。その結果をロジン・ラムラー(Rosin-Rammler)分布式にプロットして平均粒子径を算出した。測定された平均粒子径に基づいて、以下の基準で評価した。
5:150μm未満
4:150μm以上160μm未満
3:160μm以上170μm未満
2:170μm以上180μm未満
1:180μm以上
得られたビニル系重合体粒子について、ASTM-D3367-75に記載された方法により、23℃におけるジオクチルフタレートの吸収量を測定した。測定された可塑剤吸収量に基づいて、以下の基準で評価した。
5:28%以上
4:26%以上28%未満
3:24%以上26%未満
2:22%以上24%未満
1:22%未満
撹拌機、還流冷却管、窒素導入管、コモノマー滴下口及び開始剤の添加口を備えた250Lの反応器に、酢酸ビニル80kg及びメタノール20kg(酢酸ビニル80質量%:メタノール20質量%)を仕込み、窒素バブリングをしながら30分間系内を窒素置換した。反応器の昇温を開始し、内温が60℃となったところで、アセトアルデヒド1.85kg(酢酸ビニルに対して2.3質量%)及び2,2’-アゾビスイソブチロニトリル(AIBN)43gを添加し重合を開始し、重合率が50%となったところで冷却し、重合を停止した。重合停止時の固形分濃度は39.3質量%であった。続いて30℃、減圧下でメタノールを時々添加しながら未反応の酢酸ビニルモノマーの除去を行い、ポリ酢酸ビニル(PVAc)のメタノール溶液を得た。さらに、これにメタノールを加えて調製したPVAcのメタノール溶液57.1kg(濃度35質量%、溶液中のPVAc20.0kg)に、0.465kgのアルカリ溶液(水酸化ナトリウムの10質量%メタノール溶液)を添加してけん化を行った(けん化溶液のPVAc濃度30質量%、PVAc中の酢酸ビニルユニットに対する水酸化ナトリウムのモル比0.005)。アルカリ溶液を添加後約1分でゲル状物(樹脂固形物)が生成したので、これを粉砕機にて粉砕した。粉砕物を40℃で1時間放置してけん化を進行させた後、酢酸メチル50kgを加えて残存するアルカリを中和した。フェノールフタレイン指示薬を用いて中和が終了したことを確認した後、濾別して白色固体を得、これにメタノール200kgを加えて室温で3時間放置洗浄した。上記の洗浄操作を3回繰り返した後、遠心脱液して得られた白色固体を乾燥機中65℃で2日間放置してPVA1の粗粉体を得た。PVA1の重合度は800、けん化度は72.0モル%であった。
次にPVA1の粗粉体を中央機工株式会社製ベッカー型ショベルを搭載したレーディゲミキサー「FKM130D」に充填した。窒素雰囲気下、回転速度160rpmで、処理時間3.5時間、処理温度120℃の熱処理を行った。これにより、平均粒子径650μm、平均円磨度0.35の懸濁重合用分散剤1が得られた。
表1に記載の条件としたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、PVA2~16をそれぞれ含む懸濁重合用分散剤2~16、及びPVA1’~4’をそれぞれ含む懸濁重合用分散剤1’~4’を得た。
実施例1~16及び比較例1~4で得られた各懸濁重合用分散剤を用いて、以下の方法にてビニル系重合体であるポリ塩化ビニルの粒子を得た。
表2に示した各懸濁重合用分散剤0.94g(塩化ビニルモノマーに対して1000ppm)を溶解した水溶液1390gを、容量5Lのオートクレーブに仕込んだ。次いでオートクレーブにジイソプロピルパーオキシジカーボネートの70質量%トルエン溶液1.5gを仕込んだ。オートクレーブ内の圧力が0.0067MPaになるまで脱気して酸素を除いた。その後、塩化ビニル940gを仕込み、オートクレーブ内の内容物を57℃に昇温して、撹拌下に懸濁重合を開始した。重合開始時におけるオートクレーブ内の圧力は0.83MPaであった。懸濁重合を開始してから4時間が経過し、オートクレーブ内の圧力が0.65MPaとなった時点で重合を停止し、未反応の塩化ビニルを除去した。その後、重合スラリーを取り出し、65℃にて一晩乾燥を行い、塩化ビニル重合体粒子を得た。
一方、吸光度の比(A/B)が0.7未満である比較例1~3の懸濁重合用分散剤、及び式1で表される構造を有するPVAを含まない比較例4の懸濁重合用分散剤を用いた場合、平均粒子径(MGS)の評価が1となり、粒子径の小さいビニル系重合体粒子を得ることができなかった。また、カルボニル基を有するPVAに対して特定の装置を用いて熱処理を施すことで、吸光度の比(A/B)が0.7以上1.2以下の懸濁重合用分散剤が得られた。特定の装置を用いて熱処理を施し、吸光度の比(A/B)が0.7以上1.2以下となった懸濁重合用分散剤は、0.1以上の平均円摩度を有するものとなっていた。
Claims (7)
- 上記ビニルアルコール系重合体の粘度平均重合度が500以上1,500以下であり、けん化度が60モル%以上90モル%以下である請求項1又は2に記載の懸濁重合用分散剤。
- 上記ビニルアルコール系重合体の0.1質量%水溶液の光路長10mm、波長280nmにおける吸光度が0.05以上であり、光路長10mm、波長320nmにおける吸光度が0.05以上である請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の懸濁重合用分散剤。
- 粒子径100μm以上1,000μm以下の粒子の含有率が50質量%以上である請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の懸濁重合用分散剤。
- ビニルアルコール系重合体を含む樹脂固形物を粉砕することにより、粗粉体を得る工程、及び
上記粗粉体を加熱しながら表面を加工する工程
を備える請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の懸濁重合用分散剤の製造方法。 - 請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の懸濁重合用分散剤を用いてビニル化合物を懸濁重合する工程
を備えるビニル系重合体粒子の製造方法。
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