WO2021068496A1 - 基于结构化虚拟域张量信号处理的互质面阵二维波达方向估计方法 - Google Patents

基于结构化虚拟域张量信号处理的互质面阵二维波达方向估计方法 Download PDF

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WO2021068496A1
WO2021068496A1 PCT/CN2020/088569 CN2020088569W WO2021068496A1 WO 2021068496 A1 WO2021068496 A1 WO 2021068496A1 CN 2020088569 W CN2020088569 W CN 2020088569W WO 2021068496 A1 WO2021068496 A1 WO 2021068496A1
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array
tensor
virtual domain
dimensional
axis
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PCT/CN2020/088569
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French (fr)
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史治国
郑航
周成伟
陈积明
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浙江大学
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Priority to US17/401,345 priority patent/US11408960B2/en

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/02Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
    • G01S3/14Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/02Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
    • G01S3/74Multi-channel systems specially adapted for direction-finding, i.e. having a single antenna system capable of giving simultaneous indications of the directions of different signals
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/02Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
    • G01S3/04Details
    • G01S3/043Receivers
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/80Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • G01S3/8006Multi-channel systems specially adapted for direction-finding, i.e. having a single aerial system capable of giving simultaneous indications of the directions of different signals

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  • the present invention belongs to the field of array signal processing technology, in particular to a statistical signal processing technology based on second-order statistics of a sparse area array virtual domain, in particular to a coprime area array two-dimensional direction of arrival based on tensor signal processing in a structured virtual domain
  • the estimation method can be used for multi-target positioning.
  • the coprime array can break through the bottleneck of the limited freedom of the traditional uniform array.
  • a common method is to derive the received signal of the coprime array to the virtual domain to realize the augmentation of the array, and use its corresponding second-order virtual domain equivalent received signal for statistical processing.
  • the coprime array and its corresponding two-dimensional virtual domain signal processing have begun to receive widespread attention.
  • the usual method is to average the relevant statistics of the received signal with multi-dimensional spatial structure information, and derive the second-order virtual domain equivalent received signal through vectorization , And extend the one-dimensional direction of arrival estimation method to two-dimensional/high-dimensional signal scenes, and realize the direction of arrival estimation through further statistical processing.
  • the above method not only destroys the multi-dimensional spatial information structure of the original received signal of the coprime array, but also the virtual domain model derived by vectorization has problems such as large linear scale and loss of structural information in the virtual domain.
  • Tensor is a multi-dimensional data type that can be used to store complex multi-dimensional signal information; for the feature analysis of multi-dimensional signals, high-order singular value decomposition and tensor decomposition methods provide rich mathematics for tensor-oriented signal processing. tool.
  • tensor models have been widely used in many fields such as array signal processing, image signal processing, and statistics. Therefore, the use of tensors to construct a coprime area array received signal and its virtual domain equivalent signal can effectively retain the multi-dimensional structural information of the signal, and provide an important theoretical tool for improving the performance of the direction of arrival estimation.
  • the high-order singular value decomposition and tensor decomposition methods are extended to the virtual domain, which is expected to achieve a breakthrough in the comprehensive performance of the direction of arrival estimation in terms of resolution, estimation accuracy, and degree of freedom.
  • the existing methods generally do not involve the discussion of the virtual domain tensor space of the coprime area array, and do not use the two-dimensional virtual domain characteristics of the coprime area array. Therefore, designing a two-dimensional DOA estimation method with increased degree of freedom based on a coprime array tensor signal model to achieve accurate DOA estimation under underdetermined conditions is an important issue that needs to be solved urgently.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem of the loss of degrees of freedom existing in the existing method, and propose a method for estimating the two-dimensional direction of arrival of a coprime area array based on tensor signal processing in a structured virtual domain.
  • the domain is associated with the tensor space, fully mining the structural information of the two-dimensional virtual domain, and using the virtual domain tensor structured structure and virtual domain tensor decomposition to realize the two-dimensional direction of arrival estimation under underdetermined conditions provides feasible Ideas and effective solutions.
  • a method for estimating the direction of arrival of a coprime array based on structured virtual domain tensor signal processing includes the following steps:
  • the receiving end uses 4M x M y + N x N y -1 physical antenna elements, which are structured according to the structure of a coprime array; among them, M x , N x and My , N y are a pair respectively Coprime integers, and M x ⁇ N x , My y ⁇ N y ; the coprime array can be decomposed into two sparse uniform sub-arrays with
  • s k [s k,1 ,s k,2 ,...,s k,L ] T is the multi-shot sampling signal waveform corresponding to the k-th incident signal source
  • [ ⁇ ] T represents the transposition operation
  • represents the outer product of the vector
  • Is a noise tensor independent of each signal source
  • the steering vector in the x-axis and y-axis directions corresponds to the direction of the incoming wave as
  • the signal source is expressed as:
  • the received signal uses another three-dimensional tensor Means:
  • x 1 (l) and x 2 (l) respectively represent the l-th slice of x 1 and x 2 in the third dimension (ie snapshot dimension) direction, and ( ⁇ ) * represents the conjugation operation;
  • One of them contains (M x N x +M x +N x -1) ⁇ (M y N y +M y +N y -1) virtual array elements, and the x-axis distribution is (-N x +1)d To (M x N x +M x -1)d, the y-axis distribution is (-N y +1)d to (M y N y +M y -1)d virtual domain uniform area array Expressed as:
  • Cross-correlation tensor in It is equivalent to an augmented virtual domain along the x-axis, It is equivalent to an augmented virtual domain along the y-axis, resulting in an augmented non-uniform virtual domain array
  • the virtual domain uniform area array described in step (4) Mirror part of The corresponding equivalent received signal can pass through the virtual domain uniform area array Equivalent received signal Is obtained by transforming the space of, the specific operation is: Take the conjugate operation to get Correct The elements in are flipped left and right and up and down in turn to get a uniform area array corresponding to the mirrored virtual domain Equivalent received signal
  • step (4) the uniform area array of the virtual domain Equivalent received signal And mirror virtual domain uniform area array Equivalent received signal Superimpose on the third dimension to get a virtual domain 3D tensor signal
  • the pair can be decomposed by CANDECOMP/PARACFAC Carry out feature extraction to realize two-dimensional DOA estimation under non-underdetermined conditions.
  • step (7) the three-dimensional structured virtual domain tensor Perform CANDECOMP/PARAFAC decomposition to obtain three factor matrices, among them, For each incident angle The estimated value of; divide the element in the second row of the factor matrix G by the element in the first row to get Divide the element in the P x +1 row of the factor matrix G by the element in the first row to get After performing similar parameter extraction operations on the factor matrix F, the parameters extracted from G and F are averaged and logarithmically processed to obtain Two-dimensional direction of arrival estimation
  • the closed-form solution of is:
  • CANDECOMP/PARAFAC decomposition complies with the following uniqueness conditions:
  • the optimal values of P x and P y can be obtained, and thus the theoretical maximum value of K can be obtained, that is, the theoretical upper limit of the number of distinguishable information sources K can be obtained under the condition of ensuring that the uniqueness decomposition is satisfied; here, The value of K exceeds the total number of actual physical elements of the coprime array by 4M x M y +N x N y -1.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the present invention uses a tensor to represent the actual received signal of the coprime area array, which is different from the traditional matrix method, which uses vectorized representation of two-dimensional spatial information, and averages the snapshot information to obtain relevant statistics for signal processing. .
  • the present invention superimposes the snapshot information in the third dimension, and obtains the cross-correlation tensor containing the four-dimensional spatial information through the cross-correlation statistical analysis of the tensor signal, and saves the spatial structure information of the original multi-dimensional signal;
  • the present invention derives virtual domain statistics based on the four-dimensional cross-correlation tensor, and merges the dimensions representing the virtual domain information in the same direction in the cross-correlation tensor to derive the equivalent received signal of the virtual domain, which overcomes the traditional matrix method
  • the derived virtual domain equivalent signal has problems such as loss of spatial structure information and excessive linear scale;
  • the present invention further constructs a three-dimensional tensor signal in the virtual domain, thereby establishing a connection between the two-dimensional virtual domain and the tensor space, in order to obtain a two-dimensional wave using tensor decomposition.
  • the closed-form solution of the direction-of-arrival estimation provides a theoretical premise, and at the same time lays a foundation for the construction of the structured virtual domain tensor and the improvement of the degree of freedom;
  • the present invention effectively improves the degree of freedom performance of the tensor signal processing method through the dimensional expansion of the virtual domain tensor signal and the structure of the structured virtual domain tensor, and realizes the two-dimensional direction of arrival estimation under underdetermined conditions.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram of the overall flow of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the coprime area array in the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the augmented virtual domain area array derived by the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the dimension expansion process of the virtual domain tensor signal of the coprime area array provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is an effect diagram of the multi-source DOA estimation effect of the method proposed in the present invention.
  • the present invention proposes a method for estimating the direction of arrival of a coprime array based on the signal processing of the structured virtual domain tensor. , Virtual domain tensor signal construction, virtual domain tensor decomposition, etc., to establish the relationship between the virtual domain of the coprime array and the second-order statistics of the tensor signal to realize the two-dimensional direction of arrival estimation under underdetermined conditions .
  • the implementation steps of the present invention are as follows:
  • Step 1 Build a relatively prime area array.
  • 4M x M y +N x N y -1 physical antenna array elements are used to construct a coprime array, as shown in Figure 2:
  • Contains N x ⁇ N y antenna array elements the distance between the elements in the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction is M x d and My y d respectively, and the position coordinates on
  • Step 2 Tensor modeling of the received signal of the coprime array.
  • K from Oriented far-field narrow-band incoherent signal source, sparse uniform sub-arrays in the coprime array
  • L is the number of sampled snapshots
  • s k [s k,1 ,s k,2 ,...,s k,L ] T is the multi-shot sampling signal waveform corresponding to the k-th incident signal source
  • [ ⁇ ] T represents the transposition operation
  • represents the outer product of the vector
  • Is a noise tensor independent of each signal source
  • the steering vector in the x-axis and y-axis directions corresponds to the direction of the incoming wave as
  • the signal source is expressed as:
  • the received signal can be another three-dimensional tensor Means:
  • x 1 (l) and x 2 (l) respectively represent the l-th slice of x 1 and x 2 in the third dimension (ie snapshot dimension) direction, and ( ⁇ ) * represents the conjugation operation;
  • Step 3 Derive the second-order equivalent signal of the virtual domain of the coprime area array based on the transformation of the tensor signal cross-correlation statistics.
  • the cross-correlation tensor of the two sub-arrays of the coprime area array receiving the tensor signal The ideal modeling (no noise scene) is:
  • each virtual array element Represents the power of the k-th incident signal source; at this time, the cross-correlation tensor in It is equivalent to an augmented virtual domain along the x-axis, It is equivalent to an augmented virtual domain along the y-axis, resulting in an augmented non-uniform virtual domain area array
  • the position of each virtual array element is expressed as:
  • the equivalent received signal requires the cross-correlation tensor
  • the first and third dimensions representing the spatial information in the x-axis direction are merged into one dimension, and the second and fourth dimensions representing the spatial information in the y-axis direction are merged into another dimension.
  • the dimensional merging of tensors can be achieved through the modular expansion operation of its PARAFAC decomposition, with a four-dimensional tensor For example, define a collection of dimensions with then PARAFAC decomposition model The expansion operation is as follows:
  • the tensor subscript represents the modular expansion operation of the tensor PARAFAC decomposition; with Respectively represent the factor vectors of the two dimensions after expansion; here, Represents Kronecker product. Therefore, define a collection of dimensions with Cross-correlation tensor Model for PARAFAC decomposition Expand to get an augmented virtual domain area array Equivalent received signal
  • Step 4 Construct a three-dimensional tensor signal of the virtual domain of the coprime array.
  • the equivalent received signal can use the virtual domain uniform area array Equivalent received signal
  • the specific operation is: change Take the conjugate operation to get Correct The elements in are flipped left and right and up and down in turn to get a uniform area array corresponding to the mirrored virtual domain Equivalent received signal Expressed as:
  • Step 5 Construct a five-dimensional virtual domain tensor based on the virtual domain tensor dimension expansion strategy.
  • the uniform area array in the virtual domain In the x-axis and y-axis directions, take every other array element with a size of P x ⁇ P y sub-array, then the virtual domain can be uniformly arrayed Divide into L x ⁇ L y uniform sub-arrays partially overlapping each other, and L x , Ly , P x , P y satisfy the following relationship:
  • Step 6 Form a structured virtual domain tensor containing 3D spatial information.
  • a structured virtual domain tensor a five-dimensional virtual domain tensor with dimensional expansion Merging along the first and second dimensions representing the spatial angle domain information, and at the same time merging along the fourth and fifth dimensions representing the spatial translation factor information, and retaining the third dimension representing the spatial mirror transformation information; the specific operation is: definition Dimension set Then pass PARAFAC decomposition model Expand to get the three-dimensional structured virtual domain tensor
  • Structured virtual domain tensor The three dimensions represent spatial angle domain information, spatial mirror transformation information, and spatial translation factor information;
  • Step 7 Obtain the two-dimensional direction of arrival estimation through CANDECOMP/PARAFAC decomposition of the structured virtual domain tensor.
  • Tensor of 3D structured virtual domain Perform CANDECOMP/PARAFAC decomposition to obtain three factor matrices, among them, For each incident angle The estimated value of; divide the element in the second row of the factor matrix G by the element in the first row to get Divide the element in the P x +1 row of the factor matrix G by the element in the first row to get After performing similar parameter extraction operations on the factor matrix F, the parameters extracted from G and F are averaged and logarithmically processed to obtain Two-dimensional direction of arrival estimation
  • the closed-form solution of is:
  • CANDECOMP/PARAFAC decomposition follows the following uniqueness conditions:
  • the optimal values of P x and P y can be obtained, and thus the theoretical maximum value of K can be obtained, that is, the theoretical upper limit of the number of distinguishable information sources K can be obtained under the condition of ensuring that the uniqueness decomposition is satisfied; here, Due to the construction and processing of the structured virtual domain tensor, the value of K exceeds the total number of actual physical elements of the coprime array 4M x M y +N x N y -1, indicating that the degree of freedom performance of the direction of arrival estimation is obtained ⁇ lifted.
  • the number of incident narrowband signals is 50, and the azimuth angle of the incident direction is evenly distributed in [-65°,-5°] ⁇ [5°,65°], and the pitch angle is evenly distributed in the space of [5°,65°] Within the angle domain; 500 noise-free sampling snapshots are used for simulation experiments.
  • the estimation result of the two-dimensional direction of arrival estimation method of the coprime array based on the structured virtual domain tensor signal processing proposed by the present invention is shown in Fig. 5, where the x-axis and the y-axis represent the elevation angle and azimuth of the incident signal source, respectively angle. It can be seen that the method proposed in the present invention can effectively distinguish the 50 incident signal sources. As for the traditional direction of arrival estimation method using a uniform area array, 35 physical antenna array elements can only distinguish 34 incident signals at most. The above results show that the method provided by the present invention has achieved an increase in the degree of freedom.
  • the present invention fully considers the relationship between the two-dimensional virtual domain of the coprime area array and the tensor signal, and obtains the equivalent signal of the virtual domain through the second-order statistics analysis of the tensor signal, and retains the original received signal and the tensor signal.
  • the spatial structure information of the virtual domain in addition, the construction mechanism of virtual domain tensor dimension expansion and structured virtual domain tensor is established, which lays a theoretical foundation for maximizing the number of identifiable information sources; finally, the present invention adopts The multi-dimensional feature extraction of the structured virtual domain tensor forms a closed-form solution of the two-dimensional direction of arrival estimation, and achieves a breakthrough in the performance of degrees of freedom.

Abstract

一种基于结构化虚拟域张量信号处理的互质面阵二维波达方向估计方法,主要解决现有方法中多维空间结构信息丢失和自由度损失的问题,其实现步骤是:构建互质面阵;互质面阵接收信号的张量建模;推导基于张量信号互相关统计量变换的互质面阵虚拟域二阶等价信号;构造互质面阵虚拟域三维张量信号;基于虚拟域张量维度扩展策略构造五维虚拟域张量;形成包含三维空间信息的结构化虚拟域张量;通过结构化虚拟域张量CANDECOMP/PARACFAC分解得到二维波达方向估计;该方法基于互质面阵张量信号的统计分析,构建结构化虚拟域张量信号处理框架,在保证分辨率和估计精度等性能的基础上,实现欠定条件下的多信源二维波达方向估计,可用于多目标定位。

Description

[根据细则26改正22.06.2020] 基于结构化虚拟域张量信号处理的互质面阵二维波达方向估计方法 技术领域
本发明属于阵列信号处理技术领域,尤其涉及基于稀疏面阵虚拟域二阶统计量的统计信号处理技术,具体是一种基于结构化虚拟域张量信号处理的互质面阵二维波达方向估计方法,可用于多目标定位。
背景技术
互质阵列作为一种典型的系统化稀疏阵列架构,能够突破传统均匀阵列自由度受限的瓶颈。为了增加自由度,常用做法是将互质阵列接收信号推导至虚拟域以实现阵列的增广,并利用其对应的二阶虚拟域等价接收信号进行统计处理。为了提升二维波达方向估计的自由度,互质面阵及其对应的二维虚拟域信号处理开始受到广泛关注。在传统基于互质面阵的二维波达方向估计方法中,通常的做法是将具有多维空间结构信息的接收信号进行相关统计量平均化处理,通过矢量化推导二阶虚拟域等价接收信号,并将一维波达方向估计方法推广至二维/高维信号场景,通过进一步的统计处理实现波达方向估计。上述做法不仅破坏了互质面阵原始接收信号的多维空间信息结构,且由矢量化推导得到的虚拟域模型存在线性尺度大、虚拟域结构化信息丢失等问题。
张量是一种多维的数据类型,可以用来保存复杂的多维信号信息;针对多维信号的特征分析,高阶奇异值分解、张量分解类方法为面向张量的信号处理提供了丰富的数学工具。近年来,张量模型已被广泛应用于阵列信号处理、图像信号处理、统计学等多个领域。因此,采用张量构造互质面阵接收信号及其虚拟域等价信号,能够有效保留信号的多维结构信息,为提升波达方向估计的性能提供了重要的理论工具。与此同时,将高阶奇异值分解和张量分解等方法推广至虚拟域,有望实现波达方向估计在分辨率、估计精度和自由度等综合性能上的突破。然而,现有方法普遍还没有涉及到互质面阵虚拟域张量空间的讨 论,且没有利用互质面阵的二维虚拟域特性。因此,基于互质面阵张量信号模型设计自由度提升的二维波达方向估计方法,以实现欠定条件下的精确波达方向估计,是当前亟待解决的一个重要问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有方法存在的自由度损失问题,提出一种基于结构化虚拟域张量信号处理的互质面阵二维波达方向估计方法,为构建互质面阵二维虚拟域与张量空间关联,充分挖掘二维虚拟域的结构信息,并利用虚拟域张量结构化构造和虚拟域张量分解等手段实现欠定条件下的二维波达方向估计提供了可行的思路和有效的解决方案。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的:一种基于结构化虚拟域张量信号处理的互质面阵二维波达方向估计方法,该方法包含以下步骤:
(1)接收端使用4M xM y+N xN y-1个物理天线阵元,按照互质面阵的结构进行架构;其中,M x、N x以及M y、N y分别为一对互质整数,且M x<N x,M y<N y;该互质面阵可分解为两个稀疏均匀子阵列
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000002
(2)假设有K个来自
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000003
方向的远场窄带非相干信号源,则互质面阵的稀疏均匀子阵列
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000004
接收信号用一个三维张量
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000006
(L为采样快拍数)表示为:
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000007
其中,s k=[s k,1,s k,2,…,s k,L] T为对应第k个入射信源的多快拍采样信号波形,[·] T表示转置操作,ο表示矢量外积,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000008
为与各信号源相互独立的噪声张量,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000010
分别为
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000011
在x轴和y轴方向上的导引矢量,对应于来波方向为
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000012
的信号源,表示为:
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000014
其中,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000015
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000016
分别表示稀疏子阵列
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000017
中 在x轴和y轴方向上第i 1和i 2个物理天线阵元的实际位置,且
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000018
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000019
稀疏均匀子阵列
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000020
的接收信号用另一个三维张量
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000021
表示:
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000022
其中,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000023
为与各信号源相互独立的噪声张量,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000024
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000025
分别为
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000026
在x轴和y轴方向上的导引矢量,对应于来波方向为
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000027
的信号源,表示为:
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000028
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000029
其中,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000030
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000031
分别表示稀疏子阵列
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000032
中在x轴和y轴方向上第i 3和i 4个物理天线阵元的实际位置,且
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000033
求得三维张量信号x 1和x 2的二阶互相关张量
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000034
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000035
这里,x 1(l)和x 2(l)分别表示x 1和x 2在第三维度(即快拍维度)方向上的第l个切片,(·) *表示共轭操作;
(3)由互相关张量
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000036
得到一个增广的非均匀虚拟域面阵
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000037
其中各虚拟阵元的位置表示为:
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000038
其中,单位间隔d取为入射窄带信号波长λ的一半,即d=λ/2。
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000039
中有一个包含(M xN x+M x+N x-1)×(M yN y+M y+N y-1)个虚拟阵元、x轴分布为(-N x+1)d到(M xN x+M x-1)d、y轴分布为(-N y+1)d到(M yN y+M y-1)d的虚拟域均匀面阵
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000040
表示为:
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000041
定义维度集合
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000042
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000043
通过对互相关张量
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000044
的理想值
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000045
(无噪声场景)进行PARAFAC分解的模
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000046
展开,可获得增广虚拟域面阵
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000047
的等价接收信号
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000048
其理想建模为:
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000049
其中,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000050
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000051
是对应于
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000052
方向的增广虚拟域面阵
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000053
在x轴和y轴上的导引矢量,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000054
表示第k个入射信号源的功率,这里,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000055
表示克罗内克积。通过选取U中与
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000056
中各虚拟阵元位置相对应的元素,可获得虚拟域均匀面阵
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000057
的等价接收信号
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000058
可建模为:
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000059
其中,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000060
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000061
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000062
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000063
为对应于
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000064
方向的虚拟域均匀面阵
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000065
在x轴和y轴上的导引矢量;
(4)考虑虚拟域均匀面阵
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000066
的镜像部分
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000067
表示为:
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000068
利用虚拟域均匀面阵
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000069
的等价接收信号
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000070
中的元素进行变换,可得到镜像虚拟域均匀面阵
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000071
的等价接收信号
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000072
表示为:
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000073
其中,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000074
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000075
分别为对虚拟域均匀面阵
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000076
进行镜像变换时在x轴和y轴两个方向上的空间变换因子。
将虚拟域均匀面阵
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000077
的等价接收信号
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000078
和镜像虚拟域均匀面阵
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000079
的等价接 收信号
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000080
在第三维度上进行叠加,得到一个互质面阵虚拟域的三维张量信号
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000081
表示为:
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000082
其中,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000083
为空间镜像变换因子矢量;
(5)在虚拟域均匀面阵
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000084
中,分别沿x轴和y轴方向每隔一个阵元取一个大小为P x×P y子阵列,则可以将虚拟域均匀面阵
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000085
分割成L x×L y个互相部分重叠的均匀子阵列;将上述子阵列表示为
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000086
s x=1,2,…,L x,s y=1,2,…,L y,则
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000087
中阵元的位置表示为:
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000088
根据子阵列
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000089
对应虚拟域张量信号
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000090
中相应位置元素,得到虚拟域子阵列
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000091
的张量信号
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000092
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000093
其中,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000094
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000095
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000096
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000097
为对应于
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000098
方向的虚拟域子阵列
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000099
在x轴和y轴上的导引矢量。经过上述操作,一共得到L x×L y个维度均为P x×P y×2的三维张量
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000100
将这些三维张量
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000101
中具有相同s y索引下标的张量在第四维度进行扩展叠加,得到L y个维度为P x×P y×2×L x的四维张量;进一步地,将这L y个四维张量在第五维度进行扩展叠加,得到一个五维的虚拟域张量
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000102
表示为:
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000103
其中,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000104
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000105
为虚拟域张量维度扩展构造过程中分别对应x轴和y轴方向的空间平移因子矢量;
(6)定义维度集合
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000106
通过五维虚拟域张量
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000107
的PARAFAC分解的模
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000108
展开,将五维虚拟域张量
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000109
的第1、2维度合并成一个维度,同时将其第4、5维度合并成一个维度,并保留第3维度,从而得到三维结构化虚拟域张量
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000110
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000111
其中,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000112
(7)对三维结构化虚拟域张量
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000113
进行CANDECOMP/PARACFAC分解,得到欠定条件下的二维波达方向估计闭式解。
进一步地,步骤(1)所述的互质面阵结构可具体描述为:在平面坐标系xoy上构造一对稀疏均匀平面子阵列
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000114
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000115
其中
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000116
包含2M x×2M y个天线阵元,在x轴方向上和y轴方向上的阵元间距分别为N xd和N yd,其在xoy上的位置坐标为{(N xdm x,N ydm y),m x=0,1,...,2M x-1,m y=0,1,...,2M y-1};
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000117
包含N x×N y个天线阵元,在x轴方向上和y轴方向上的阵元间距分别为M xd和M yd,其在xoy上的位置坐标为{(M xdn x,M ydn y),n x=0,1,...,N x-1,n y=0,1,...,N y-1};这里,M x、N x以及M y、N y分别为一对互质整数,且M x<N x,M y<N y;将
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000118
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000119
按照坐标系(0,0)位置处阵元重叠的方式进行子阵列组合,获得实际包含4M xM y+N xN y-1个物理天线阵元的互质面阵。
进一步地,步骤(3)所述的互相关张量
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000120
可理想建模(无噪声场景)为:
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000121
互相关张量
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000122
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000123
等价于沿着x轴的一个增广虚拟域,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000124
等价于沿着y轴的一个增广虚拟域,从而得到增广的非均匀虚拟域面阵
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000125
进一步地,步骤(4)所述的虚拟域均匀面阵
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000126
的镜像部分
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000127
对应的等价接收 信号,可通过虚拟域均匀面阵
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000128
的等价接收信号
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000129
的空间变换得到,具体操作为:将
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000130
取共轭操作得到
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000131
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000132
中的元素依次进行左右翻转和上下翻转,即可得到对应镜像虚拟域均匀面阵
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000133
的等价接收信号
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000134
进一步地,步骤(4)所述通过将虚拟域均匀面阵
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000135
的等价接收信号
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000136
和镜像虚拟域均匀面阵
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000137
的等价接收信号
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000138
在第三维度上进行叠加,得到一个虚拟域三维张量信号
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000139
可通过CANDECOMP/PARACFAC分解对
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000140
进行特征提取,在非欠定条件下实现二维波达方向估计。
进一步地,步骤(7)中,通过对三维结构化虚拟域张量
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000141
进行CANDECOMP/PARAFAC分解,得到三个因子矩阵,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000142
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000143
其中,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000144
为各入射角度
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000145
的估计值;将因子矩阵G中的第2行元素除以第1行元素,得到
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000146
将因子矩阵G中的第P x+1行元素除以第1行元素,得到
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000147
对因子矩阵F也进行类似的参数提取操作后,将从G和F中分别提取的参数进行平均和取对数处理后,从而得到
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000148
则二维波达方向估计
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000149
的闭式解为:
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000150
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000151
上述步骤中,CANDECOMP/PARAFAC分解遵循以下唯一性条件:
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000152
其中,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000153
表示矩阵的Kruskal秩,且
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000154
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000155
min(·)表示取最小值操作。
根据上述不等式,可以获得最优的P x和P y值,从而得到K的理论最大值,即在保证满足唯一性分解条件下求得可分辨信源个数K的理论上限值;这里,K的 值超过互质面阵的实际物理阵元总个数4M xM y+N xN y-1。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点:
(1)本发明通过张量表示互质面阵实际接收信号,不同于传统矩阵类方法将二维空间信息进行矢量化表征,并将快拍信息进行平均得到相关统计量进行信号处理的技术路线。本发明将快拍信息在第三维度上进行叠加,并通过张量信号的互相关统计分析得到包含四维空间信息的互相关张量,保存了原始多维信号的空间结构信息;
(2)本发明基于四维互相关张量推导虚拟域统计量,并通过将互相关张量中表征相同方向虚拟域信息的维度进行合并,从而推导得到虚拟域等价接收信号,克服了传统矩阵类方法所推导的虚拟域等价信号存在空间结构信息丢失、线性尺度过大等问题;
(3)本发明在虚拟域等价接收信号构建的基础上,在虚拟域进一步构建三维张量信号,从而建立起二维虚拟域与张量空间的联系,为利用张量分解获得二维波达方向估计闭式解提供了理论前提,同时也为结构化虚拟域张量的构造及自由度的提升奠定了基础;
(4)本发明通过虚拟域张量信号的维度扩展及结构化虚拟域张量构造,有效提升了张量信号处理方法的自由度性能,实现了欠定条件下的二维波达方向估计。
附图说明
图1是本发明的总体流程框图。
图2是本发明中互质面阵的结构示意图。
图3是本发明所推导增广虚拟域面阵结构示意图。
图4是本发明所提互质面阵虚拟域张量信号的维度扩展过程示意图。
图5是本发明所提方法的多信源波达方向估计效果图。
具体实施方式
以下参照附图,对本发明的技术方案作进一步的详细说明。
为了解决现有张量方法存在的自由度性能损失问题,本发明提出了一种基 于结构化虚拟域张量信号处理的互质面阵二维波达方向估计方法,通过结合张量统计特性分析、虚拟域张量信号构造、虚拟域张量分解等手段,建立起互质面阵虚拟域与张量信号二阶统计量之间的联系,以实现欠定条件下的二维波达方向估计。参照图1,本发明的实现步骤如下:
步骤1:构建互质面阵。在接收端使用4M xM y+N xN y-1个物理天线阵元构建互质面阵,如图2所示:在平面坐标系xoy上构造一对稀疏均匀平面子阵列
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000156
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000157
其中
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000158
包含2M x×2M y个天线阵元,在x轴方向上和y轴方向上的阵元间距分别为N xd和N yd,其在xoy上的位置坐标为{(N xdm x,N ydm y),m x=0,1,...,2M x-1,m y=0,1,...,2M y-1};
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000159
包含N x×N y个天线阵元,在x轴方向上和y轴方向上的阵元间距分别为M xd和M yd,其在xoy上的位置坐标为{(M xdn x,M ydn y),n x=0,1,...,N x-1,n y=0,1,...,N y-1};M x、N x以及M y、N y分别为一对互质整数,且M x<N x,M y<N y;单位间隔d取为入射窄带信号波长λ的一半,即d=λ/2;将
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000160
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000161
按照坐标系(0,0)位置处阵元重叠的方式进行子阵列组合,获得实际包含4M xM y+N xN y-1个物理天线阵元的互质面阵;
步骤2:互质面阵接收信号的张量建模。假设有K个来自
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000162
方向的远场窄带非相干信号源,将互质面阵中稀疏均匀子阵列
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000163
的各采样快拍信号在第三个维度进行叠加后,可以得到一个三维张量信号
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000164
(L为采样快拍个数),可建模为:
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000165
其中,s k=[s k,1,s k,2,…,s k,L] T为对应第k个入射信源的多快拍采样信号波形,[·] T表示转置操作,ο表示矢量外积,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000166
为与各信号源相互独立的噪声张量,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000167
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000168
分别为
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000169
在x轴和y轴方向上的导引矢量,对应于来波方向为
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000170
的信号源,表示为:
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000171
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000172
其中,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000173
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000174
分别表示稀疏子阵列
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000175
在x轴和y轴方向上第i 1和i 2个物理天线阵元的实际位置,且
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000176
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000177
类似地,稀疏均匀子阵列
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000178
的接收信号可用另一个三维张量
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000179
表示:
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000180
其中,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000181
为与各信号源相互独立的噪声张量,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000182
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000183
分别为
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000184
在x轴和y轴方向上的导引矢量,对应于来波方向为
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000185
的信号源,表示为:
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000186
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000187
其中,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000188
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000189
分别表示稀疏子阵列
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000190
在x轴和y轴方向上第i 3和i 4个物理天线阵元的实际位置,且
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000191
利用稀疏子阵列
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000192
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000193
实际采样得到的三维张量信号x 1和x 2,通过求它们的互相关统计量,得到具有四维空间信息的二阶互相关张量
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000194
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000195
这里,x 1(l)和x 2(l)分别表示x 1和x 2在第三维度(即快拍维度)方向上的第l个切片,(·) *表示共轭操作;
步骤3:推导基于张量信号互相关统计量变换的互质面阵虚拟域二阶等价信号。互质面阵两个子阵列接收张量信号的互相关张量
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000196
可理想建模(无噪声场景)为:
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000197
其中,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000198
表示第k个入射信号源的功率;此时,互相关张量
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000199
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000200
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000201
等价于沿着x轴的一个增广虚拟域,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000202
等价于 沿着y轴的一个增广虚拟域,从而得到一个增广的非均匀虚拟域面阵
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000203
如图3所示,其中各虚拟阵元的位置表示为:
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000204
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000205
中有一个包含(M xN x+M x+N x-1)×(M yN y+M y+N y-1)个虚拟阵元,且x轴分布为(-N x+1)d到(M xN x+M x-1)d、y轴分布为(-N y+1)d到(M yN y+M y-1)d的均匀面阵
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000206
如图3虚线框中所示,具体表示为:
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000207
为了得到对应于增广虚拟域面阵
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000208
的等价接收信号,需要将互相关张量
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000209
中表征x轴方向空间信息的第1、3维度合并为一个维度,将表征y轴方向空间信息的第2、4维度合并为另一个维度。张量的维度合并可通过其PARAFAC分解的模展开操作实现,以一个四维张量
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000210
为例,定义维度集合
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000211
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000212
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000213
的PARAFAC分解的模
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000214
展开操作如下:
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000215
其中,张量下标表示张量PARAFAC分解的模展开操作;
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000216
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000217
分别表示展开后两个维度的因子矢量;这里,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000218
表示克罗内克积。因此,定义维度集合
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000219
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000220
则通过对互相关张量
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000221
进行PARAFAC分解的模
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000222
展开,可获得增广虚拟域面阵
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000223
的等价接收信号
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000224
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000225
其中,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000226
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000227
是对应于
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000228
方向的增广虚拟域面阵
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000229
在x轴和y轴上的导引矢量;基于上述推导,虚拟域均匀面阵
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000230
的等价接收信号
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000231
可通过选取U中与
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000232
中各虚拟阵元位置相对应的元素获得,可建模为:
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000233
其中,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000234
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000235
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000236
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000237
为对应于
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000238
方向的虚拟域均匀面阵
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000239
在x轴和y轴上的导引矢量;
步骤4:构造互质面阵虚拟域三维张量信号。为了增大虚拟域面阵的有效孔径并进一步提升自由度,考虑虚拟域均匀面阵
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000240
的镜像部分
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000241
表示为:
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000242
为了得到镜像虚拟域均匀面阵
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000243
的等价接收信号,可利用虚拟域均匀面阵
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000244
的等价接收信号
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000245
进行变换,具体操作为:将
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000246
取共轭操作得到
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000247
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000248
中的元素依次进行左右翻转和上下翻转,即可得到对应镜像虚拟域均匀面阵
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000249
的等价接收信号
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000250
表示为:
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000251
其中,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000252
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000253
分别为对虚拟域均匀面阵
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000254
进行镜像变换时在x轴和y轴两个方向上的空间变换因子。
将虚拟域均匀面阵
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000255
的等价接收信号
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000256
和镜像虚拟域均匀面阵
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000257
的等价接收信号
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000258
在第三维度上进行叠加,得到一个互质面阵虚拟域的三维张量信号
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000259
其结构如图4所示,表示为:
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000260
其中,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000261
为空间镜像变换因子矢量;
步骤5:基于虚拟域张量维度扩展策略构造五维虚拟域张量。如图4所示,在虚拟域均匀面阵
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000262
中,分别沿x轴和y轴方向每隔一个阵元取一个大小为P x×P y子阵列,则可以将虚拟域均匀面阵
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000263
分割成L x×L y个互相部分重叠的均匀子阵列,L x、L y、P x、P y之间满足以下关系:
P x+L x-1=M xN x+M x+N x-1,
P y+L y-1=M yN y+M y+N y-1.
将上述子阵列表示为
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000264
s x=1,2,…,L x,s y=1,2,…,L y,则
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000265
中阵元的位置表示为:
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000266
根据子阵列
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000267
对应虚拟域张量信号
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000268
中相应位置元素,得到虚拟域子阵列
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000269
的张量信号
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000270
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000271
其中,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000272
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000273
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000274
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000275
为对应于
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000276
方向的虚拟域子阵列
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000277
在x轴和y轴上的导引矢量。经过上述操作,一共得到L x×L y个维度均为P x×P y×2的三维张量
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000278
为了对虚拟域张量进行维度扩展,首先将这些三维张量
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000279
中具有相同s y索引下标的张量在第四维度进行扩展叠加,从而得到L y个维度为P x×P y×2×L x的四维张量;进一步地,将这L y个四维张量在第五维度进一步扩展叠加,得到一个五维的虚拟域张量
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000280
表示为:
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000281
其中,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000282
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000283
为虚拟域张量维度扩展构造过程中分别对应x轴和y轴方向的空间平移因子矢量;
步骤6:形成包含三维空间信息的结构化虚拟域张量。为了得到结构化的虚拟域张量,将经过维度扩展的五维虚拟域张量
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000284
沿着表征空间角度域信息的第1、2维度进行合并,同时沿着表征空间平移因子信息的第4、5维度进行合并,并保留表征空间镜像变换信息的第3维度;具体操作为:定义维度集合
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000285
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000286
则通过
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000287
的PARAFAC分解的模
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000288
展开,可得到三维结构化虚拟域张量
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000289
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000290
其中,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000291
结构化虚拟域张量
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000292
的三个维度分别表征空间角度域信息,空间镜像变换信息,以及空间平移因子信息;
步骤7:通过结构化虚拟域张量的CANDECOMP/PARAFAC分解得到二维波达方向估计。通过对三维结构化虚拟域张量
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000293
进行CANDECOMP/PARAFAC分解,得到三个因子矩阵,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000294
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000295
其中,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000296
为各入射角度
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000297
的估计值;将因子矩阵G中的第2行元素除以第1行元素,得到
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000298
将因子矩阵G中的第P x+1行元素除以第1行元素,得到
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000299
对因子矩阵F也进行类似的参数提取操作后,将从G和F中分别提取的参数进行平均和取对数处理后,从而得到
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000300
则二维波达方向估计
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000301
的闭式解为:
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000302
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000303
上述步骤中,CANDECOMP/PARAFAC分解遵循以下的唯一性条件:
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000304
其中,
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000305
表示矩阵的Kruskal秩,且
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000306
Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-000307
min(·)表示取最小值操作。
根据上述不等式,可以获得最优的P x和P y值,从而得到K的理论最大值,即在保证满足唯一性分解条件下求得可分辨信源个数K的理论上限值;这里,由于结构化虚拟域张量的构建与处理,K的值超过互质面阵的实际物理阵元总个数4M xM y+N xN y-1,说明波达方向估计的自由度性能得到了提升。
下面结合仿真实例对本发明的效果做进一步的描述。
仿真实例:采用互质面阵接收入射信号,其参数选取为M x=2,M y=3,N x=3,N y=4,即架构的互质面阵共包含4M xM y+N xN y-1=35个物理阵元。假定入射窄带信号个数为50,且入射方向方位角均匀分布于[-65°,-5°]∪[5°,65°],俯仰角均匀分布于[5°,65°]这一空间角度域范围内;采用500个无噪采样快拍进行仿真实验。
本发明所提出的基于结构化虚拟域张量信号处理的互质面阵二维波达方向估计方法估计结果如图5所示,其中x轴和y轴分别表示入射信号源的俯仰角和方位角。可以看出,本发明所提方法能够有效分辨这50个入射信号源。而对于传统采用均匀面阵的波达方向估计方法,利用35个物理天线阵元最多只能分辨34个入射信号,上述结果表明本发明所提方法实现了自由度的增加。
综上所述,本发明充分考虑了互质面阵二维虚拟域与张量信号之间的联系,通过张量信号二阶统计量分析推导得到虚拟域等价信号,保留了原始接收信号和虚拟域的空间结构信息;再者,建立起虚拟域张量维度扩展和结构化虚拟域张量的构造机理,为实现最大化可识别的信源个数奠定了理论基础;最后,本发明通过对结构化虚拟域张量进行多维特征提取,形成了二维波达方向估计的闭式解,并实现了其在自由度性能上的突破。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,虽然本发明已以较佳实施例披露如上,然而并非用以限定本发明。任何熟悉本领域的技术人员,在不脱离本发明技术方案范围情况下,都可利用上述揭示的方法和技术内容对本发明技术方案做出许多可能的变动和修饰,或修改为等同变化的等效实施例。因此,凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何的简单修改、等同变化及修饰,均仍属于本发明技术方案保护的范围内。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种基于结构化虚拟域张量信号处理的互质面阵二维波达方向估计方法,其特征在于,包含以下步骤:
    (1)接收端使用4M xM y+N xN y-1个物理天线阵元,按照互质面阵的结构进行架构;其中,M x、N x以及M y、N y分别为一对互质整数,且M x<N x,M y<N y;该互质面阵可分解为两个稀疏均匀子阵列
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100001
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100002
    (2)假设有K个来自
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100003
    方向的远场窄带非相干信号源,则互质面阵的稀疏均匀子阵列
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100004
    接收信号用一个三维张量
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100005
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100006
    (L为采样快拍数)表示为:
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100007
    其中,s k=[s k,1,s k,2,…,s k,L] T为对应第k个入射信源的多快拍采样信号波形,[·] T表示转置操作,ο表示矢量外积,
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100008
    为与各信号源相互独立的噪声张量,
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100009
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100010
    分别为
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100011
    在x轴和y轴方向上的导引矢量,对应于来波方向为
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100012
    的信号源,表示为:
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100013
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100014
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100015
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100016
    分别表示稀疏子阵列
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100017
    中在x轴和y轴方向上第i 1和i 2个物理天线阵元的实际位置,且
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100018
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100019
    稀疏均匀子阵列
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100020
    的接收信号用另一个三维张量
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100021
    表示:
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100022
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100023
    为与各信号源相互独立的噪声张量,
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100024
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100025
    分别为
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100026
    在x轴和y轴方向上的导引矢量,对应于来波方向为
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100027
    的信号源,表示为:
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100028
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100029
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100030
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100031
    分别表示稀疏子阵列
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100032
    中在x轴和y轴方向上第i 3和i 4个物理天线阵元的实际位置,且
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100033
    求得三维张量信号x 1和x 2的二阶互相关张量
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100034
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100035
    其中,x 1(l)和x 2(l)分别表示x 1和x 2在第三维度(即快拍维度)方向上的第l个切片,(·) *表示共轭操作;
    (3)由互相关张量
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100036
    得到一个增广的非均匀虚拟域面阵
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100037
    其中各虚拟阵元的位置表示为:
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100038
    其中,单位间隔d取为入射窄带信号波长λ的一半,即d=λ/2;
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100039
    中有一个包含(M xN x+M x+N x-1)×(M yN y+M y+N y-1)个虚拟阵元、x轴分布为(-N x+1)d到(M xN x+M x-1)d、y轴分布为(-N y+1)d到(M yN y+M y-1)d的虚拟域均匀面阵
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100040
    表示为:
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100041
    定义维度集合
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100042
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100043
    通过对互相关张量
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100044
    的理想值
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100045
    (无噪声场景)进行PARAFAC分解的模
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100046
    展开,可获得增广虚拟域面阵
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100047
    的等价接收信号
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100048
    其理想建模为:
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100049
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100050
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100051
    是对应于
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100052
    方向的增广虚拟域面阵
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100053
    在x轴和y轴上的导引矢量,
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100054
    表示第k个入射信号源的功率,
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100055
    表示克罗内克积;通过选取U中与
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100056
    中 各虚拟阵元位置相对应的元素,可获得虚拟域均匀面阵
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100057
    的等价接收信号
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100058
    可建模为:
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100059
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100060
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100061
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100062
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100063
    为对应于
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100064
    方向的虚拟域均匀面阵
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100065
    在x轴和y轴上的导引矢量;
    (4)考虑虚拟域均匀面阵
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100066
    的镜像部分
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100067
    表示为:
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100068
    利用虚拟域均匀面阵
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100069
    的等价接收信号
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100070
    中的元素进行变换,可得到镜像虚拟域均匀面阵
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100071
    的等价接收信号
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100072
    表示为:
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100073
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100074
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100075
    分别为对虚拟域均匀面阵
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100076
    进行镜像变换时在x轴和y轴两个方向上的空间变换因子;
    将虚拟域均匀面阵
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100077
    的等价接收信号
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100078
    和镜像虚拟域均匀面阵
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100079
    的等价接收信号
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100080
    在第三维度上进行叠加,得到一个互质面阵虚拟域的三维张量信号
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100081
    表示为:
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100082
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100083
    为空间镜像变换因子矢量;
    (5)在虚拟域均匀面阵
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100084
    中,分别沿x轴和y轴方向每隔一个阵元取一个大小 为P x×P y子阵列,则可以将虚拟域均匀面阵
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100085
    分割成L x×L y个互相部分重叠的均匀子阵列;将上述子阵列表示为
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100086
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100087
    中阵元的位置表示为:
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100088
    根据子阵列
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100089
    对应虚拟域张量信号
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100090
    中相应位置元素,得到虚拟域子阵列
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100091
    的张量信号
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100092
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100093
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100094
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100095
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100096
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100097
    为对应于
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100098
    方向的虚拟域子阵列
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100099
    在x轴和y轴上的导引矢量;经过上述操作,一共得到L x×L y个维度均为P x×P y×2的三维张量
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100100
    将这些三维张量
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100101
    中具有相同s y索引下标的张量在第四维度进行扩展叠加,得到L y个维度为P x×P y×2×L x的四维张量;将这L y个四维张量在第五维度进行扩展叠加,得到一个五维的虚拟域张量
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100102
    表示为:
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100103
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100104
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100105
    为虚拟域张量维度扩展构造过程中分别对应x轴和y轴方向的空间平移因子矢量;
    (6)定义维度集合
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100106
    通过五维虚拟域张量
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100107
    的PARAFAC分解的模
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100108
    展开,将五维虚拟域张量
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100109
    的第1、2维度合并成一个维度,同时将其第4、5维度合并成一个维度,并保留第3维度,从而得到三维结构化虚拟域张量
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100110
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100111
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100112
    (7)对三维结构化虚拟域张量
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100113
    进行CANDECOMP/PARACFAC分解,得到欠定条件下的二维波达方向估计闭式解。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于结构化虚拟域张量信号处理的互质面阵二维波达方向估计方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述的互质面阵结构可具体描述为:在平面坐标系xoy上构造一对稀疏均匀平面子阵列
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100114
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100115
    其中
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100116
    包含2M x×2M y个天线阵元,在x轴方向上和y轴方向上的阵元间距分别为N xd和N yd,其在xoy上的位置坐标为{(N xdm x,N ydm y),m x=0,1,...,2M x-1,m y=0,1,...,2M y-1};
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100117
    包含N x×N y个天线阵元,在x轴方向上和y轴方向上的阵元间距分别为M xd和M yd,其在xoy上的位置坐标为{(M xdn x,M ydn y),n x=0,1,...,N x-1,n y=0,1,...,N y-1};M x、N x以及M y、N y分别为一对互质整数,且M x<N x,M y<N y;将
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100118
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100119
    按照坐标系(0,0)位置处阵元重叠的方式进行子阵列组合,获得实际包含4M xM y+N xN y-1个物理天线阵元的互质面阵。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的基于结构化虚拟域张量信号处理的互质面阵二维波达方向估计方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)所述的互相关张量
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100120
    可理想建模(无噪声场景)为:
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100121
    互相关张量
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100122
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100123
    等价于沿着x轴的一个增广虚拟域,
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100124
    等价于沿着y轴的一个增广虚拟域,从而得到增广的非均匀虚拟域面阵
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100125
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的基于结构化虚拟域张量信号处理的互质面阵二维波达方向估计方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)所述的虚拟域均匀面阵
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100126
    的镜像部分
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100127
    对应的等价接收信号,可通过虚拟域均匀面阵
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100128
    的等价接收信号
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100129
    的空间变换得到,具体操作为:将
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100130
    取共轭操作得到
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100131
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100132
    中的元素依次进行左右翻转和上下翻转,即可得到对应镜像虚拟域均匀面阵
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100133
    的等价接收信号
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100134
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的基于结构化虚拟域张量信号处理的互质面阵二维波达方向估计方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)所述通过将虚拟域均匀面阵
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100135
    的等价接收信号
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100136
    和镜像虚拟域均匀面阵
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100137
    的等价接收信号
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100138
    在第三维度上进行叠加,得到一个虚拟域三维张量信号
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100139
    可通过CANDECOMP/PARACFAC分解对
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100140
    进行特征提取,在非欠定条件下实现二维波达方向估计。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的基于结构化虚拟域张量信号处理的互质面阵二维波达方向估计方法,其特征在于,步骤(7)中,通过对三维结构化虚拟域张量
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100141
    进行CANDECOMP/PARAFAC分解,得到三个因子矩阵,
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100142
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100143
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100144
    为各入射角度
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100145
    的估计值;将因子矩阵G中的第2行元素除以第1行元素,得到
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100146
    将因子矩阵G中的第P x+1行元素除以第1行元素,得到
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100147
    对因子矩阵F也进行类似的参数提取操作后,将从G和F中分别提取的参数进行平均和取对数处理后,从而得到
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100148
    则二维波达方向估计
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100149
    的闭式解为:
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100150
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100151
    上述步骤中,CANDECOMP/PARAFAC分解遵循以下唯一性条件:
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100152
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100153
    表示矩阵的Kruskal秩,且
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100154
    Figure PCTCN2020088569-appb-100155
    min(·)表示取最小值操作;
    根据上述不等式,可以获得最优的P x和P y值,从而得到K的理论最大值,即在保证满足唯一性分解条件下求得可分辨信源个数K的理论上限值;这里,K的值超过互质面阵的实际物理阵元总个数4M xM y+N xN y-1。
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