Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
  • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/4965—Non-condensed pyrazines
  • A61K31/497—Non-condensed pyrazines containing further heterocyclic rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/498—Pyrazines or piperazines ortho- and peri-condensed with carbocyclic ring systems, e.g. quinoxaline, phenazine
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
  • A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia

Definitions

• the present disclosure relates to substituted azaquinolone compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof that inhibit the Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family of enzymes.
• PARP Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase
• the present disclosure also relates to the use of these compounds, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, in medicine, for example in the treatment of diseases in which inhibition of PARP1 or PARP1 function is of therapeutic significance.
• the present disclosure also relates to methods of treatment and methods of manufacture of medicaments using compounds according to the disclosure.
• PARP family of enzymes play an important role in a number of cellular processes, such as replication, recombination, chromatin remodeling, and DNA damage repair (O’Connor MJ, Mol Cell (2015) 60(4) :547-60).
• PARP1 and PARP2 are the most extensively studied PARPs for their role in DNA damage repair.
• PARP1 is activated by DNA damage breaks and functions to catalyse the addition of poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) chains to target proteins.
• PAR poly (ADP-ribose)
• PARylation mediates the recruitment of additional DNA repair factors to DNA lesions.
• PARP auto-PARylation triggers the release of bound PARP from DNA to allow access to other DNA repair proteins to complete repair.
• PARP auto-PARylation
• the binding of PARP to damaged sites, its catalytic activity, and its eventual release from DNA are all important steps for a cancer cell to respond to DNA damage caused by chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy (Bai P. Biology of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases: the factotums of cell maintenance. Mol Cell 2015;58:947-58.).
• PARP inhibitor therapy has predominantly targeted SRCA-mutated cancers
• PARP inhibitors have been tested clinically in non-SRCA-mutant tumors, those which exhibit homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) (Turner N, TuttA, Ashworth A. Hallmarks of BRCAness' in sporadic cancers. Nat Rev Cancer 2004;4: 814-9.).
• HRD homologous recombination deficiency
• PARP inhibitors having improved selectivity for PARP1 may possess improved efficacy and reduced toxicity compared to other clinical PARP1 /2 inhibitors. It is believed also that selective strong inhibition of PARP1 would lead to trapping of PARP1 on DNA, resulting in DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) through collapse of replication forks in S-phase. It is believed also that PARP1 - DNA trapping is an effective mechanism for selectively killing tumour cells having HRD. An unmet medical need therefore exists for effective and safe PARP inhibitors. Especially PARP inhibitors having selectivity for PARP1.
• azaquinolones described herein surprising have PARP inhibitory activity, and therefore may be useful for the treatment of diseases and conditions in which PARP function has pharmacological significance. Furthermore, azaquinolones described herein have surprisingly high selectivity for PARP1 over other PARP family members such as PARP2, PARP3, PARP5a, and PARP6. Furthermore, azaquinolones described herein have advantageously low hERG activity.
• X 1 and X 2 are each independently selected from N and C(H),
• X 3 is independently selected from N and C(R 4 ), wherein R 4 is H or fluoro,
• R 1 is Ci-4 alkyl or C fluoroalkyl
• R 2 is independently selected from H, halo, C alkyl, and C fluoroalkyl, and
• R 3 is H or Ci-4 alkyl
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, excipient or inert carrier.
• a compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in treatment or prophylaxis of diseases and conditions in which inhibition of PARP1 is beneficial.
• the specification provides a compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the treatment of cancer.
• the cancer is breast, ovary, pancreas, prostate, hematological, gastrointestinal such as gastric and colorectal, or lung cancer.
• the cancer is breast, ovary, pancreas or prostate cancer.
• a method of treating diseases or conditions in which inhibition PARP1 is beneficial comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• said disease or condition is cancer.
• the cancer is breast, ovary, pancreas, prostate, hematological, gastrointestinal such as gastric and colorectal, or lung cancer.
• the cancer is breast, ovary, pancreas or prostate cancer.
• the compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of diseases or conditions in which inhibition of PARP1 is beneficial.
• the cancer is breast, ovary, pancreas, prostate, hematological, gastrointestinal such as gastric and colorectal, or lung cancer.
• the cancer is breast, ovary, pancreas or prostate cancer.
• the cancer is breast, ovary, pancreas, prostate, hematological, gastrointestinal such as gastric and colorectal, or lung cancer.
• the cancer is breast, ovary, pancreas or prostate cancer.
• a compound of Formula I which is 5-[4-[(7-ethyl-6-oxo-5FI-1 ,5- naphthyridin-3-yl)methyl]piperazin-1 -yl]-N-methyl-pyridine-2-carboxamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• a compound of Formula I which is 5-[4-[(7-ethyl-6-oxo-5FI-1 ,5- naphthyridin-3-yl)methyl]piperazin-1 -yl]-N-methyl-pyridine-2-carboxamide.
• the compounds of Formula I have low hERG activity.
• a compound of Formula I having an IC50 >20 mM it is desirable for drug molecules to possess selectivity for a specific target.
• the compounds of Formula I advantageously possess selectivity for PARP1 over other members of the PARP family including PARP2, PARP3, PARP5a, and PARP6.
• the compounds of Formula I possess selectivity for PARP1 over PARP2.
• Another further aspect provides for the use of a compound of Formula I in the preparation of a medicament for use as an adjunct in cancer therapy or for potentiating tumour cells for treatment with ionizing radiation or chemotherapeutic agents, or antibody-based therapies such as immunooncology or antibody-drug conjugates.
• a compound of Formula I may be used in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of cancer which is deficient in Flomologous Recombination (FIR) dependent DNA DSB repair activity, or in the treatment of a patient of a cancer which is deficient in FIR dependent DNA DSB repair activity, comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically-effective amount of the compound.
• FIR Flomologous Recombination
• the FIR dependent DNA DSB repair pathway repairs double-strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA via homologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix (K.K. Khanna and S.P. Jackson, Nat. Genet. 27(3): 247-254 (2001 )).
• the components of the FIR dependent DNA DSB repair pathway include, but are not limited to, ATM (NM_000051 ), RAD51 (NM_002875), RAD51 L1 (NM_002877), RAD51 C (NM_002876), RAD51 L3 (NM_002878), DMC1 (NM_007068), XRCC2 (NM_005431 ), XRCC3 (NM_005432), RAD52 (NM_002879), RAD54L (NM_003579), RAD54B (NM_012415), BRCA1 (NM_007295), BRCA2 (NM_000059), RAD50 (NM_005732), MRE1 1 A (NM_005590) and NBS1 (NM_002485).
• FIR dependent DNA DSB repair pathway Other proteins involved in the FIR dependent DNA DSB repair pathway include regulatory factors such as EMSY (Flughes-Davies, et al., Cell, 115, pp523-535). FIR components are also described in Wood, et al., Science, 291, 1284-1289 (2001 ).
• a cancer which is deficient in FIR dependent DNA DSB repair may comprise or consist of one or more cancer cells which have a reduced or abrogated ability to repair DNA DSBs through that pathway, relative to normal cells i.e. the activity of the FIR dependent DNA DSB repair pathway may be reduced or abolished in the one or more cancer cells.
• the activity of one or more components of the FIR dependent DNA DSB repair pathway may be abolished in the one or more cancer cells of an individual having a cancer which is deficient in FIR dependent DNA DSB repair.
• Components of the FIR dependent DNA DSB repair pathway are well characterised in the art (see for example, Wood, et al., Science, 291 , 1284-1289 (2001 )) and include the components listed above.
• the cancer cells may have a BRCA1 and/or a BRCA2 deficient phenotype i.e. BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 activity is reduced or abolished in the cancer cells.
• Cancer cells with this phenotype may be deficient in BRCA1 and/or BRCA2, i.e.
• BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 may be reduced or abolished in the cancer cells, for example by means of mutation or polymorphism in the encoding nucleic acid, or by means of amplification, mutation or polymorphism in a gene encoding a regulatory factor, for example the EMSY gene which encodes a BRCA2 regulatory factor (Hughes-Davies, et al., Cell, 115, 523-535).
• BRCA1 and BRCA2 are known tumour suppressors whose wild-type alleles are frequently lost in tumours of heterozygous carriers (Jasin M., Oncogene, 21 (58), 8981 -93 (2002); Tuft, et al., Trends Mol Med., 8 (12), 571 -6, (2002)).
• the association of BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 mutations with breast cancer is well-characterised in the art (Radice, P.J., Exp Clin Cancer Res., 21(3 Suppl), 9-12 (2002)).
• Amplification of the EMSY gene, which encodes a BRCA2 binding factor, is also known to be associated with breast and ovarian cancer. Carriers of mutations in BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 are also at elevated risk of certain cancers, including breast, ovary, pancreas, prostate, hematological, gastrointestinal and lung cancer.
• the individual is heterozygous for one or more variations, such as mutations and polymorphisms, in BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 or a regulator thereof.
• variations such as mutations and polymorphisms
• the detection of variation in BRCA1 and BRCA2 is well-known in the art and is described, for example in EP 699 754, EP 705 903, Neuhausen, S.L. and Ostrander, E.A., Genet. Test, 1, 75-83 (1992); Chappnis, P.O.
• Mutations and polymorphisms associated with cancer may be detected at the nucleic acid level by detecting the presence of a variant nucleic acid sequence or at the protein level by detecting the presence of a variant (i.e. a mutant or allelic variant) polypeptide.
• Alkyl groups and moieties are straight or branched chain, e.g. Ci-s alkyl, Ci-6 alkyl, C alkyl or C alkyl.
• alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, n- hexyl, n-heptyl and n-octyl, such as methyl or n-hexyl.
• Fluoroalkyl groups are alkyl groups in which one or more H atoms is replaced with one or more fluoro atoms, e.g. C fluoroalkyl, C fluoroalkyl, C fluoroalkyl or C fluoroalkyl.
• Halo means fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo. In an embodiment, halo is fluoro or chloro.
• pharmaceutically acceptable refers to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
• the phrase "effective amount” means an amount of a compound or composition which is sufficient enough to significantly and positively modify the symptoms and/or conditions to be treated (e.g., provide a positive clinical response).
• the effective amount of an active ingredient for use in a pharmaceutical composition will vary with the particular condition being treated, the severity of the condition, the duration of the treatment, the nature of concurrent therapy, the particular active ingredient(s) being employed, the particular pharmaceutically-acceptable excipient(s)/carrier(s) utilized, and like factors within the knowledge and expertise of the attending physician.
• treating means reversing, alleviating, inhibiting the progress of, delaying the progression of, delaying the onset of, or preventing the disorder or condition to which such term applies, or one or more symptoms of such disorder or condition.
• treatment refers to the act of treating as “treating” is defined immediately above.
• treating also includes adjuvant and neo-adjuvant treatment of a subject.
• reference herein to “treatment” includes reference to curative, palliative and prophylactic treatment, and to the administration of a medicament for use in such treatment.
• the compounds of Formula I may form stable pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base salts, and in such cases administration of a compound as a salt may be appropriate.
• acid addition salts include acetate, adipate, ascorbate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, bicarbonate, bisulfate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, choline, citrate, cyclohexyl sulfamate, diethylenediamine, ethanesulfonate, fumarate, glutamate, glycolate, hemisulfate, 2-hydroxyethylsulfonate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, hydroxymaleate, lactate, malate, maleate, methanesulfonate, meglumine, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nitrate, oxalate, pamoate, persulfate, phen
• the salts may be formed by conventional means, such as by reacting the free base form of the product with one or more equivalents of the appropriate acid in a solvent or medium in which the salt is insoluble, or in a solvent such as water, which is removed in vacuo or by freeze drying or by exchanging the anions of an existing salt for another anion on a suitable ion-exchange resin.
• the compounds of Formula I may have more than one chiral center, and it is to be understood that the application encompasses all individual stereoisomers, enantiomers and diastereoisomers and mixtures thereof. Thus, it is to be understood that, insofar as the compounds of Formula I can exist in optically active or racemic forms by virtue of one or more asymmetric carbon atoms, the application includes in its definition any such optically active or racemic form which possesses the above-mentioned activity. The present application encompasses all such stereoisomers having activity as herein defined.
• Formula I as described herein is intended to encompass all isotopes of its constituent atoms.
• FI or hydrogen
• C includes any isotopic form of carbon including 12 C, 13 C, and 14 C
• O includes any isotopic form of oxygen including 16 0, 17 0 and 18 0
• N includes any isotopic form of nitrogen including 13 N, 14 N and 15 N
• F includes any isotopic form of fluorine including 19 F and 18 F; and the like.
• the compounds of Formula I include isotopes of the atoms covered therein in amounts corresponding to their naturally occurring abundance.
• a compound of any formula presented herein may be enriched in 2 FI or 3 FI at one or more positions where FI is present.
• a compound of any formula presented herein when a compound of any formula presented herein is enriched in a radioactive isotope, for example 3 FI and 14 C, the compound may be useful in drug and/or substrate tissue distribution assays. It is to be understood that the present application encompasses all such isotopic forms.
• the compounds of Formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof will normally be administered via the oral route in the form of pharmaceutical preparations comprising the active ingredient or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, or a solvate of such a salt, in a pharmaceutically acceptable dosage form.
• the compositions may be administered at varying doses.
• the pharmaceutical formulations of the compound of Formula I described above may be prepared for oral administration, particularly in the form of tablets or capsules, and especially involving technologies aimed at furnishing colon-targeted drug release (Patel, M. M. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 201 1 , 8 (10), 1247-1258).
• compositions of the compound of Formula I described above may conveniently be administered in unit dosage form and may be prepared by any of the methods well-known in the pharmaceutical art, for example as described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 7th ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, PA., (1985).
• Pharmaceutical formulations suitable for oral administration may comprise one or more physiologically compatible carriers and/or excipients and may be in solid or liquid form. Tablets and capsules may be prepared with binding agents, fillers, lubricants and/or surfactants, such as sodium lauryl sulfate.
• Liquid compositions may contain conventional additives such as suspending agents, emulsifying agents and/or preservatives.
• Liquid compositions may be encapsulated in, for example, gelatin to provide a unit dosage form.
• Solid oral dosage forms include tablets, two-piece hard shell capsules and soft elastic gelatin (SEG) capsules.
• SEG soft elastic gelatin
• Such two-piece hard shell capsules may be made for example by filling a compound of Formula (I) into a gelatin or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) shell.
• a dry shell formulation typically comprises of about 40% to 60% w/w concentration of gelatin, about a 20% to 30% concentration of plasticizer (such as glycerin, sorbitol or propylene glycol) and about a 30% to 40% concentration of water. Other materials such as preservatives, dyes, opacifiers and flavours also may be present.
• the liquid fill material comprises a solid drug that has been dissolved, solubilized or dispersed (with suspending agents such as beeswax, hydrogenated castor oil or polyethylene glycol 4000) or a liquid drug in vehicles or combinations of vehicles such as mineral oil, vegetable oils, triglycerides, glycols, polyols and surface-active agents.
• Suitable daily doses of the compounds of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in therapeutic treatment of humans are about 0.0001 -100 mg/kg body weight.
• Oral formulations are preferred, particularly tablets or capsules which may be formulated by methods known to those skilled in the art to provide doses of the active compound in the range of 0.1 mg to 1000 mg.
• FIG. 1 shows an X-ray powder diffraction of Example 4 Form A
• FIG. 2 shows a DSC trace of Example 4 Form A
• LC-MS was carried out using a Waters UPLC fitted with a Waters SQD mass spectrometer or Shimadzu LC-20AD LC-20XR LC-30AD with a Shimadzu 2020 mass spectrometer.
• Reported molecular ions correspond to [M+H]+ unless otherwise noted; for molecules with multiple isotopic patterns (Br, Cl, etc.) the reported value is the one obtained for the lowest isotope mass unless otherwise specified.
• Flash chromatography was performed using straight phase flash chromatography on a SP1TM Purification system from BiotageTM, CombiFlash ® Rf from ISCO or on Gilson system from Thermo Fisher using normal phase silica FLASH+TM (40M, 25M or 12 M) or SNAPTM KP-Sil Cartridges (340, 100, 50 or 10), Flash Column silica-CS columns from Agela, with C18-flash columns or standard flash chromatography. In general, all solvents used were commercially available and of analytical grade. Anhydrous solvents were routinely used for reactions. Phase Separators used in the examples are ISOLUTE® Phase Separator columns. The intermediates and examples named below were named using ACD/Name 12.01 from Advanced Chemistry Development, Inc. (ACD/Labs). The starting materials were obtained from commercial sources or made via literature routes.
• XRPD analysis was performed using a Bruker D8 diffractometer, which is commercially available from Bruker AXS IncTM (Madison, Wisconsin).
• the XRPD spectra were obtained by mounting a sample (approximately 10 mg) of the material for analysis on a single silicon crystal wafer mount (e.g., a Bruker silicon zero background X-ray diffraction sample holder) and spreading out the sample into a thin layer with the aid of a microscope slide.
• the sample was spun at 30 revolutions per minute (to improve counting statistics) and irradiated with X-rays generated by a copper long-fine focus tube operated at 40 kV and 40 mA with a wavelength of 1 .5406 angstroms (i.e., about 1 .54 angstroms).
• the sample was exposed for 1 second per 0.02 degree 2-theta increment (continuous scan mode) over the range 5 degrees to 40 degrees 2-theta in theta-theta mode.
• the running time was ⁇ 15 min for D8.
• XRPD 2Q values may vary with a reasonable range, e.g., in the range ⁇ 0.2° and that XRPD intensities may vary when measured for essentially the same crystalline form for a variety of reasons including, for example, preferred orientation.
• Principles of XRPD are described in publications, such as, for example, Giacovazzo, C. et al. (1995), Fundamentals of Crystallography, Oxford University Press; Jenkins, R. and Snyder, R. L. (1996), Introduction to X-Ray Powder Diffractometry, John Wiley & Sons, New York; and Klug, H. P. & Alexander, L. E. (1974), X-ray Diffraction Procedures, John Wiley and Sons, New York.
• DSC analysis was performed on samples prepared according to standard methods using a Q SERIESTM Q1000 DSC calorimeter available from TA INSTRUMENTS® (New Castle, Delaware). A sample (approximately 2 mg) was weighed into an aluminum sample pan and transferred to the DSC. The instrument was purged with nitrogen at 50 mL/min and data collected between 22 °C and 300 °C, using a dynamic heating rate of 10 °C/minute. Thermal data was analyzed using standard software, e.g., Universal V.4.5A from TA INSTRUMENTS®.
• ESI electrospray ionization
• Et20 diethyl ether
• EtOAc or EA ethylacetate
• EtOH ethanol
• FA formic acid
• Grubbs catalyst (1 ,3-Dimesitylimidazolin-2- ylidene)(tricyclohexylphosphine)ruthenium dichloride
• h hour(s)
• FIATU (dimethylamino)-A/,A/- dimethyl(3-oxido-1 H-[1 ,2,3]triazolo[4,5-b]pyridinyl)methaniminium hexafluorophosphate
• FI O hydrogen peroxide
• HP high pressure
• IPA isopropylalcohol
• LC liquid chromatography
• UCIO lithium perchlorate
• mmol millimole
• mCPBA meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid
• MeOFI m
• PdCl (dppf) 37.6 mg, 0.05 mmol was added to a stirred mixture of 7-bromo-3-ethyl-1 H-1 ,6- naphthyridin-2-one (Intermediate 2, 130 mg, 0.51 mmol), 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-vinyl-1 ,3,2- dioxaborolane (0.105 mL, 0.62 mmol) and «2003 (213 mg, 1.54 mmol) in 1 ,4-dioxane (4 mL)/ water (1 .333 mL) and the resulting mixture was stirred at 90 °C for 1 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate.
• Example 1 5-[4-[(3-ethyl-2-oxo- 1 H-1 ,6-naDhthyridin-7-yl)methyl]Diperazin- 1 -yll-N-methyl-Dyridine-2- carboxamide
• DIPEA (0.059 mL, 0.34 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 7-(bromomethyl)-3-ethyl-1 H-1 ,6- naphthyridin-2-one (Intermediate 6, 30 mg, 0.1 1 mmol) and N-methyl-5-piperazin-1 -yl-pyridine-2- carboxamide, 2HCI (Intermediate 13, 42.8 mg, 0.15 mmol) in acetonitrile (1 mL) at 20°C. The resulting solution was stirred at 70 °C for 2 hours.
• DIPEA (0.082 mL, 0.47 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 7-(bromomethyl)-3-ethyl-1 H-1 ,6- naphthyridin-2-one (Intermediate 6, 25 mg, 0.09 mmol) and 6-fluoro-N-methyl-5-piperazin-1 -yl- pyridine-2-carboxamide, HCI (Intermediate 23, 28.3 mg, 0.10 mmol) in acetonitrile (2 mL) at 20°C. The resulting solution was stirred at 70 °C for 2 hours. Solvent was removed under vacuum. The resulting residue was purified by flash silica chromatography, elution gradient 0 to 20% MeOH in DCM.
• DIPEA (0.082 mL, 0.47 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 7-(bromomethyl)-3-ethyl-1 H-1 ,6- naphthyridin-2-one (Intermediate 6, 25 mg, 0.09 mmol) and 6-chloro-N-methyl-5-piperazin-1 -yl- pyridine-2-carboxamide, 2HCI (Intermediate 47, 33.7 mg, 0.10 mmol) in acetonitrile (2 mL) at 20°C and the resulting solution was stirred at 70 °C for 2 hours. Solvent was removed under vacuum. The resulting residue was purified by flash silica chromatography, elution gradient 0 to 20% MeOH in DCM.
• reaction mixture was cooled to -78°C and to this cooled reaction mixture was then slowly added solution of ethyl 6-formyl-5-nitro-pyridine-3-carboxylate (Intermediate 8, 22.5 g, 100.37 mmol) in 100 ml THF.
• the mixture was quenched with sat.NH4CI solution, extracted with ethyl acetate.
• the combined the organic layers were dried over sodium Na2SC>4, filtered and concentrated to give crude product the resulting residue was purified by flash silica chromatography, elution gradient 0 to 50% ethyl acetate in hexanes.
• Ethyl 7-ethyl-6-oxo-7,8-dihydro-5H-1 ,5-naphthyridine-3-carboxylate (Intermediate 10, 2.26 g, 9.10 mmol) was dissolve into 1 ,4-dioxane (40 mL), DDQ (2.273 g, 10.01 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at reflux for 3 h. Solvent was removed under reduced pressure, sat. NaHCCh solution was added and the residue stirred at room temperature for 1 hr. The solid was filtered off, washed with water followed by 10ml of diethyl ether.
• the reaction mixture was concentrated and the solid was diluted with water ( ⁇ 150 ml) and 29 ml of 1 M HCI solution gave a yellow suspension.
• the solid was collected by filtration, washed with water, diethyl ether and dried to yield the crude product as a yellow solid (contaminated by some inorganic salt).
• This solid was suspended in a mixture of methanol and DCM (2:1 ) (400 ml) and heated to reflux. The solid was filtered off. This solid was resuspended in methanol/DCM mixture and repeated this procedure 5 times to get most of the product out from this mixture.
• DIPEA (12.83 mL, 73.45 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 7-(chloromethyl)-3-ethyl-1 H-1 ,5- naphthyridin-2-one (Intermediate 17, crude from above), potassium iodide (0.488 g, 2.94 mmol) and N-methyl-5-piperazin-1 -yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide, 2HCI (Intermediate 13, 4.31 g, 14.69 mmol) in acetonitrile (50.00 mL) at 20°C. The resulting solution was stirred at 80 °C for 2 hours. Solvent was removed under vacuum. Crude material was diluted with water, basified with aq.
• DIPEA (0.082 mL, 0.47 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 7-(bromomethyl)-3-ethyl-1 H-1 ,5- naphthyridin-2-one (Intermediate 14, 25 mg, 0.09 mmol) and 6-fluoro-N-methyl-5-piperazin-1 -yl- pyridine-2-carboxamide, 2HCI (Intermediate 23, 32.0 mg, 0.10 mmol) in acetonitrile (2 mL) at 20°C. The resulting solution was stirred at 70 °C for 2 hours. Solvent was removed under vacuum. The resulting residue was purified by flash silica chromatography, elution gradient 0 to 20% MeOH in DCM.
• DIPEA (0.082 mL, 0.47 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 7-(bromomethyl)-3-ethyl-1 H-1 ,5- naphthyridin-2-one (Intermediate 14, 25 mg, 0.09 mmol) and 6-chloro-N-methyl-5-piperazin-1 -yl- pyridine-2-carboxamide (Intermediate 48, 26.2 mg, 0.10 mmol) in acetonitrile (2 mL) at 20°C. The resulting solution was stirred at 70 °C for 2 hours. Solvent was removed under vacuum. The resulting residue was purified by flash silica chromatography, elution gradient 0 to 20% MeOH in DCM.
• the mixture was diluted with water and ethyl acetate, the layers were separated.
• the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (100 ml x 2).
• the combined organic layers were dried over Na2SC>4, filtered and concentrated.
• the resulting residue was purified by flash silica chromatography, elution gradient 0 to 100% EtOAc in hexanes.
• Ruphos Pd G3 (4.07 g, 4.86 mmol) was added to a degassed mixture of methyl 5-bromopyridine-2- carboxylate (Intermediate 19, 30 g, 138.87 mmol), tert-butyl piperazine-1 -carboxylate (27.2 g, 145.81 mmol), CS CO (90 g, 277.73 mmol) in 1 ,4-dioxane (200 mL) and the mixture was stirred at 1 10 °C for 6 hrs under N atmosphere. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature, diluted with water, extracted with ethyl acetate (150 ml x 3).
• Methylamine (100 ml, 1 155.26 mmol, 40% in water) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 4-(6- methoxycarbonyl-3-pyridyl)piperazine-1 -carboxylate (Intermediate 15, 36 g, 1 12.02 mmol) in MeOH (100 mL) and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 4hs to give a white suspension. The mixture was concentrated, the residue was partitioned between sat. NH CI solution and DCM, the layers were separated.
• Lithium aluminum hydride, 2 M in THF (49.1 mL, 98.17 mmol) was added dropwise to a slurry of methyl 2-ethyl-3-oxo-4H-quinoxaline-6-carboxylate (Intermediate 28, 1 1.4 g, 49.09 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (350 mL) at 0°C over a period of 50 minutes under nitrogen atmosphere.
• the resulting mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 1 .5 hours.
• the reaction mixture was slowly poured into 1 M aq HCI (300 mL) at 0 °C.
• reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate ( ⁇ 300 ml X 2) followed by extraction with DCM/methanol (5:1 ) (150 ml x 3).
• the combined organic layers were concentrated to 300 ml and diluted with ether (200 ml) to give a suspension.
• the solid was collected by filtration, washed with ether, dried under vacuum to yield 3-ethyl-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1 H-quinoxalin-2-one (Intermediate 29, 8.00 g, 80 %).
• a sealed pressure vessel was charged with tert-butyl 4-(2-bromo-6-methoxycarbonyl-3- pyridyl)piperazine-1 -carboxylate (Intermediate 32, 2.2 g, 5.50 mmol) and methylamine (22 ml, 176.72 mmol) (33 w.t% in ethanol) and the mixture was heated at 60 °C for 2 hours, LCMS indicated full conversion. The mixture was concentrated, and the resulting residue was purified by flash silica chromatography, elution gradient 0 to 80% EtOAc in hexanes.
• Pd/C (53.5 mg, 0.05 mmol) (10 wt% dry basis, wet load) was added to a solution of tert-butyl 4-[6- (methylcarbamoyl)-2-vinyl-3-pyridyl]piperazine-1 -carboxylate (Intermediate 34, 174 mg, 0.50 mmol) MeOH (6 mL). The flask was degassed and refilled with H (balloon). The mixture was stirred at r.t for overnight. LCMS indicated the reaction was not complete. More Pd/C (53.5 mg, 0.05 mmol), was added and the resulting mixture was stirred at r.t for 5hrs under H2 atmosphere.
• DIPEA (0.203 mL, 1 .17 mmol) was added to a suspension of 6-ethyl-N-methyl-5-piperazin-1 -yl-pyridine- 2-carboxamide, 2HCI (Intermediate 36, 75 mg, 0.23 mmol) and 7-(bromomethyl)-3-ethyl-1 H- quinoxalin-2-one (Intermediate 30, 69.3 mg, 0.23 mmol) in acetonitrile (3 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at 60 °C for 3hrs, LCMS indicated full conversion.
• DIPEA (0.121 mL, 0.69 mmol) was added to a suspension of N-methyl-5-piperazin-1 -yl-6- (trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxamide, 2HCI (Intermediate 38, 50 mg, 0.14 mmol) and 7- (bromomethyl)-3-ethylquinoxalin-2(1 H)-one (Intermediate 30, 46.2 mg, 0.14 mmol) in acetonitrile (3 mL) and the mixture was stirred at 60 °C for 3hrs. The mixture was cooled to r.t, concentrated, the residue was purified on Gilson reverse phase column (eluted with 0 to 95% ACN/water/0.1 %TFA).
• DIPEA (0.127 mL, 0.73 mmol) was added to a suspension of 6-(difluoromethyl)-N-methyl-5-piperazin- 1 -yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide, 2HCI (Intermediate 41 , 50 mg, 0.15 mmol) and 7-(bromomethyl)-3- ethy lquinoxalin-2( 1 H)-one (Intermediate 30, 48.6 mg, 0.15 mmol) in acetonitrile (3 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at 60 °C for 3hrs, LCMS indicated full conversion. The mixture was concentrated, and the residue was purified on Gilson reverse phase column (eluted with 0 to 95% ACN/water/0.1 %TFA).
• the product contain fractions were concentrated at room temperature. The reside was then dissolved into methanol and DCM followed by addition of 250 mg of tetraalkylammonium carbonite polymer-bound (40-90 mesh, 2.5-3.5mmol/g) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10min. The solid was then filtered off, washed with methanol and the filtrate was concentrated to give solid.
• the vial was sealed, evacuated, and refilled with N .
• Acetonitrile (3 mL) and DIPEA (0.481 mL, 2.75 mmol) were added to the vial and placed in a heating block pre-heated to 70 C.
• the reaction mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 2 hours and cooled to room temperature.
• the volume of the reaction was reduced to 1 /3 of its initial volume under vacuum and aqueous NaHCCh solution was added (2 mL).
• the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 mins, filtered and the solid was washed with water (50 mL).
• Example 12 5-[4-[(2-ethyl-3-oxo-4H-guinoxalin-6-yl)methyllDiDerazin- 1 -nP-6-fluoro-N-methyl-Dyridine-
• the crude product was purified by preparative HPLC (Column: XBridge Shield RP18 OBD Column, 5um, 19x150 mm; Mobile Phase A: Water (10 MMOL/L NH4HCO3, 0.1 % NH3.H2O), Mobile Phase B: ACN; Flow rate: 20 mLVmin; Gradient: 28% B to 38% B in 8 min; 254; 220 nm; RT: 8.02 min).
• Pd(Ph3P)4 (0.3 g, 0.26 mmol) was added to a mixture of 7-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)quinoxalin-2(1 H)- one and 6-bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)quinoxalin-2(1 H)-one (Intermediate 50 + Intermediate 51 , 1 .2 g, 2.05 mmol) and (tributylstannyl)methanol (1 .2 g, 3.74 mmol) in 1 ,4-dioxane (40 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at 100 °C for 18 hours under nitrogen. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure.
• the crude product was purified by preparative HPLC (Column: XBridge Prep OBD C18 Column, 30 150 mm 5um; Mobile Phase A: Water (10 MMOL/L NH HCO ), Mobile Phase B: ACN; Flow rate: 60 mL/min; Gradient: 10 B to 50 B in 7 min; 254; 220 nm; RT : 6.75.
• DIPEA (200 m!_, 1.15 mmol) was added to 7-(bromomethyl)-3-propylquinoxalin-2(1 H)-one (Intermediate 59, 200 mg, 0.71 mmol) and N-methyl-5-(piperazin-1 -yl)picolinamide (Intermediate 13, 80 mg, 0.36 mmol) in NMP (3 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 1 hour. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure.
• the crude product was purified by preparative HPLC (Column: XBridge Shield RP18 OBD Column, 19 x 250mm, 10um; Mobile Phase A: Water (10 MMOL/L NH HCO , 0.1 % NH .H O), Mobile Phase B: ACN; Flow rate: 20 mL/min; Gradient: 38 B to 50 B in 7 min; 254/ 220 nm; RT: 6.20.
• DIPEA 200 mI_, 1.15 mmol
• 7-(bromomethyl)-3-propylquinoxalin-2(1 H)-one (Intermediate 59, 200 mg, 0.71 mmol) and 6-chloro-N-methyl-5-(piperazin-1 -yl)picolinamide (Intermediate 48, 80 mg, 0.31 mmol) in NMP (3 mL).
• the resulting mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 1 hour. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure.
• DIPEA (500 mI, 2.86 mmol) was added to 7-(bromomethyl)-3-propylquinoxalin-2(1 H)-one (Intermediate 59, 200 mg, 0.71 mmol) and 6-fluoro-N-methyl-5-(piperazin-1 -yl)picolinamide, 2 HCI (Intermediate 23, 100 mg, 0.32 mmol) in NMP (3 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 1 hour. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure.
• the crude product was purified by preparative HPLC (Column: SunFire C18 OBD Prep Column, 100 A, 5 pm, 19 mm x 250 mm; Mobile Phase A: Water (0.1 % HCO H), Mobile Phase B: ACN; Flow rate: 25 mL/min; Gradients 0 B to 20 B in 13 min; 254/ 220 nm; RT: 12.13.
• Methyl 2-fluoro-4-((1 -methoxy-1 -oxobutan-2-yl)amino)-5-nitrobenzoate (Intermediate 62, 1 .15 g, 3.66 mmol) was added to 20 wt% Pd(OH (500 mg, 0.71 mmol) in MeOH (300 mL) and ethyl acetate (50 mL) under hydrogen. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 days. The reaction did not go to completion. The reaction mixture was filtered.
• DIPEA (0.196 mL, 1 .13 mmol) was added to 7-(bromomethyl)-3-ethyl-6- fluoroquinoxalin-2(1 H)-one and 6-fluoro-N-methyl-5-(piperazin-1 -yl)picolinamide (Intermediate 23, 70 mg, 0.29 mmol) in NMP (2 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 2 hours.
• the resulting mixture was purified by preparative HPLC (Column: Sunfire prep C18 column, 30 x 150 mm, 5 urn; Mobile Phase A: Water (0.1 % HCO H), Mobile Phase B: ACN; Flow rate: 60 mL/min; Gradient: 10 B to 35 B in 8 min; 254/ 220 nm; RT: 7.37.
• DIPEA (0.218 mL, 1 .25 mmol) was added to 7-(bromomethyl)-3-(1 , 1 - difluoroethyl)quinoxalin-2(1 H)-one (crude product) and N-methyl-5-(piperazin-1 -yl)picolinamide (Intermediate 13, 60 mg, 0.27 mmol) in NMP (3 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 1 hour.
• reaction mixture was concentrated and purified by preparative HPLC (Column: XBridge Shield RP18 OBD Column, 30 x 150 mm, 5um; Mobile Phase A: Water (0.05% NH H O), Mobile Phase B: ACN; Flow rate: 60 mL/min; Gradient: 13 B to 33 B in 7 min; 254; 220 nm; RT: 5.70.
• Titanium isopropoxide (65.6 mg, 0.23 mmol) was added to 2-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-3-oxo-3,4- dihydroquinoxaline-6-carbaldehyde (Intermediate 78, 55 mg, 0.23 mmol) and N-methyl-5-(piperazin- 1 -yl)picolinamide (Intermediate 13, 60 mg, 0.23 mmol) in THF (2 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 minutes. Sodium triacetoxyborohydride (196 mg, 0.92 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was quenched with MeOH (0.1 mL).
• Titanium isopropoxide (59.7 mg, 0.21 mmol) was added to 2-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-3-oxo-3,4- dihydroquinoxaline-6-carbaldehyde (Intermediate 78, 50 mg, 0.21 mmol) and 6-fluoro-N-methyl-5- (piperazin-1 -yl)picolinamide (Intermediate 23, 50.0 mg, 0.21 mmol) in THF (2 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 minutes. Sodium triacetoxyborohydride (178 mg, 0.84 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction went to completion.
• the reaction mixture was quenched with MeOH (0.1 mL). The reaction mixture was evaporated to afford crude product.
• the crude product was purified by preparative HPLC (Column: Sunfire prep C18 column, 30 x 150, 5 urn; Mobile Phase A: Water (0.1 % HCO2H), Mobile Phase B: ACN; Flow rate: 60 mLVmin; Gradient: 2 B to 27 B in 7 min; 254/ 220 nm; RT : 6.78.
• Titanium isopropoxide (64.5 mg, 0.23 mmol) was added to 2-(2-fluoroethyl)-3-oxo-3,4- dihydroquinoxaline-6-carbaldehyde (Intermediate 84, 50 mg, 0.23 mmol) and N-methyl-5-(piperazin- 1 -yl)picolinamide (Intermediate 13, 50.0 mg, 0.23 mmol) in THF (3 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 minutes. Sodium triacetoxyborohydride (192 mg, 0.91 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. This was repeated in another batch, and two batches were combined for the purification.
• the combined reaction mixture was purified by preparative HPLC (Column: XBridge Prep OBD C18 Column, 30 150mm 5um; Mobile Phase A: Water (10 MMOL/L NH HCO ), Mobile Phase B: ACN; Flow rate: 60 mLVmin; Gradient: 20 B to 35 B in 7 min; 254/ 210 nm; RT: 6.38. Fractions containing the desired compound were evaporated to dryness to afford 5-[4-[[2-(2-fluoroethyl)-3-oxo-4FI-quinoxalin-6-yl]methyl]piperazin-1 -yl]-N-methyl-pyridine-2- carboxamide (Example 25, 4.83 mg, 2.54%) as a white solid.
• Titanium isopropoxide (90 mg, 0.32 mmol) was added to 2-(2-fluoroethyl)-3-oxo-3,4- dihydroquinoxaline-6-carbaldehyde (Intermediate 84, 70 mg, 0.32 mmol) and 6-fluoro-N-methyl-5- (piperazin-1 -yl)picolinamide (Intermediate 23, 76 mg, 0.32 mmol) in THF (3 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 minutes. Sodium triacetoxyborohydride (269 mg, 1 .27 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was quenched with MeOH (0.1 mL).
• the reaction mixture was evaporated to afford crude product.
• the crude product was purified by preparative HPLC (Column: XBridge Prep OBD C18 Column, 30 150mm 5um; Mobile Phase A: Water (10 MMOLA NH HCO ), Mobile Phase B: ACN; Flow rate: 60 mL/min; Gradient: 28 B to 35 B in 8 min; 254/ 210 nm; RT : 7 Fractions containing the desired compound were evaporated to dryness to afford crude product.
• reaction mixture was quenched with saturated potassium sodium tartrate aqueous solution (20 mL) and MeOH (10 mL) at 0 °C. The resulting mixture was stirred for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was filtered and washed with THF (30 mL x 3). The organic layer was evaporated to afford an off-white solid that was purified by flash silica chromatography, elution gradient 5 to 55% MeOH in water (0.4% HCO H). Pure fractions were evaporated to dryness to afford 7-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)quinoxalin-2(1 H)-one (Intermediate 89, 650 mg, 72.2 %) as a yellow solid.
• reaction mixture was concentrated purified by preparative HPLC (Column: Sunfire prep C18 column, 30 x 150, 5 urn; Mobile Phase A: Water (0.1 % HCO H), Mobile Phase B: ACN; Flow rate: 60 mL/min; Gradient: 10 B to 25 B in 7 min; 254/ 220 nm; RT: 6.57.
• Fractions containing the desired compound were evaporated to dryness to afford N-methyl-5-[4-[[3-oxo-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-4H- quinoxalin-6-yl]methyl]piperazin-1 -yl]pyridine-2-carboxamide (Example 27, 41 .5 mg, 46.6%) as an off- white solid.
• Example 28 6-fluoro-N-methyl-5-[4-[[3-oxo-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-4H-guinoxalin-6- yllmethyllDiperazin- 1-yllDyridine-2-carboxamide
• DIPEA (0.203 mL, 1 .16 mmol) was added to 7-(bromomethyl)-3-(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)quinoxalin-2(1 H)-one (crude product) and 6-fluoro-N-methyl-5-(piperazin-1 - yl)picolinamide (Intermediate 23, 60 mg, 0.25 mmol) in NMP (2 mL) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 2 hours.
• DIPEA (330 mI, 1 .89 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 7-(chloromethyl)-3-ethyl-1 ,5-naphthyridin- 2(1 H)-one, HCI (Intermediate 17, 70 mg, 0.27 mmol), sodium iodide (4.05 mg, 0.03 mmol) and 6- (difluoromethyl)-N-methyl-5-piperazin-1 -yl-pyridine-2-carboxamide, 2HCI (Intermediate 41 ,102 mg, 0.30 mmol) in acetonitrile (2.4 mL) at 20°C and the resulting solution was stirred at 50 °C for 3 hours.
• DIPEA (330 mI, 1 .89 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 7-(chloromethyl)-3-ethyl-1 ,5-naphthyridin- 2(1 H)-one, HCI (Intermediate 17, 70 mg, 0.27 mmol), sodium iodide (4.05 mg, 0.03 mmol) and N- methyl-5-piperazin-1 -yl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxamide, 2HCI (Intermediate 38,107 mg, 0.30 mmol) in acetonitrile (2.4 mL) at 20°C and the resulting solution was stirred at 50 °C for 3 hours.
• DIPEA (0.366 mL, 2.10 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 7-(bromomethyl)-3-ethyl-1 ,5- naphthy ridin-2(1 H)-one (Intermediate 14, 80 mg, 0.30 mmol) and N,6-dimethyl-5-piperazin-1 -yl- pyridine-2-carboxamide, 2HCI (Intermediate 45, 101 mg, 0.33 mmol) in acetonitrile (2 mL) at 20°C and the resulting solution was stirred at 70 °C for 3 hours. Solvent was removed under vaccum and 50 mL water followed by 3 mL sat NaHCCh was added.
• DIPEA (0.320 mL, 1.83 mmol) was added to a stirred solution of 7-(bromomethyl)-3-ethyl-1 ,5- naphthy ridin-2(1 H)-one (Intermediate 14, 70 mg, 0.26 mmol), and N-ethy l-5-piperazin- 1 -yl-py ridine-2- carboxamide, 2HCI (Intermediate 91 , 89 mg, 0.29 mmol) in acetonitrile (2 mL) at 20 °C and the resulting solution was stirred at 70 °C for 3 hours. Solvent was removed under vaccum and 50 mL water followed by 3 mL sat NaHCCh was added.
• Example 4 5-[4-[(7-ethyl-6-oxo-5H-1 ,5-naphthyridin-3-yl)methyl]piperazin-1 -yl]-N-methyl-pyridine-2- carboxamide was obtained as a partially crystalline solid by evaporating a methanol/dichloromethane solution under reduced pressure.
• the crystalline material so-obtained was characterised as crystalline Form A.
• crystalline Form A was obtainable by suspending 20 mg of the crude sample in 0.20 ml of water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate or other solvent for 1 day at the ambient temperature or 50°C.
• Form A is characterized in providing at least one of the following 2Q values measured using CuKa radiation: 8.3, 12.4, and 19.4°.
• Form A was analyzed by thermal techniques. DSC analysis indicated that Form A has a melting point with an onset at 254 °C and a peak at 255 °C. A representative DSC trace of Form A is shown in FIG.
• Recombinant full length 6H IS tagged PARP1 protein was diluted to 6 nM with 50 mM Tris pH 8, 0.001 % T riton X100, 1 0 mM MgCl , 150 mM NaCI and incubated for four hours with an equivalent volume of 2 nM fluorescent probe diluted with 50 mM T ris pH 8, 0.001 % T riton X100, 10 mM MgCl , 150 mM NaCI. The final DMSO concentration of the probe was kept below 1 % (v/v).
• Recombinant full length PARP2 protein was diluted to 6 nM with 50 mM Tris pH 8, 0.001 % Triton X100, 10 mM MgCl , 150 mM NaCI and incubated for four hours with an equivalent volume of 2 nM fluorescent probe diluted with 50 mM Tris pH 8, 0.001 % Triton X100, 10 mM MgCI 2 , 150 mM NaCI. The final DMSO concentration of the probe was kept below 1 % (v/v).
• Recombinant full length PARP3 protein was diluted to 100 nM with 50 mM Tris pH 8, 0.001 % Triton X100, 10 mM MgCl , 150 mM NaCI and incubated for four hours with an equivalent volume of 6 nM fluorescent probe diluted with 50 mM T ris pH 8, 0.001 % T riton X100, 10 mM MgCl , 150 mM NaCI. The final DMSO concentration of the probe was kept below 1 % (v/v).
• Recombinant PARP5a binding domain was diluted to 160 nM with 50 mM Tris pH 8, 0.001 % Triton X100, 10 mM MgCl , 150 mM NaCI and incubated for four hours with an equivalent volume of 6 nM fluorescent probe diluted with 50 mM T ris pH 8, 0.001 % T riton X100, 10 mM MgCl , 150 mM NaCI. The final DMSO concentration of the probe was kept below 1 % (v/v).
• Recombinant full length GST tagged PARP6 protein was diluted to 160 nM with 50 mM Tris pH 8, 0.001 % Triton X100, 10 mM MgCl , 150 mM NaCI and incubated for four hours with an equivalent volume of 6 nM fluorescent probe diluted with 50 mM Tris pH 8, 0.001 % Triton X100, 10 mM MgCl , 150 mM NaCI. The final DMSO concentration of the probe was kept below 1 % (v/v).
• Fluorescence anisotropy of the probe when bound to the proteins was measured using a BMG Pherastar FS ® in the presence of test compounds or solvent control and the effect on anisotropy determined. % inhibition values for different test compound concentrations were calculated and fitted to a four parameter logistic plot in order to determine the IC value.
• the compound K can be determined from the IC value using a Munson Rodbard equation defined in Anal Biochem. 1980 Sep 1 ;107(1 ):220-39 and is based on the known KD of the probe binding to the relevant PARP protein
• Electrophysiological recordings (all performed at RT) from stably transfected CHO hKv1 1 .1 cells were obtained using the Nanion Syncropatch 768PE. Test compounds, vehicle or positive controls were added with 6 compound plates each at a different concentration to allow cumulative dosing onto cells (10 mM, 3.167 mM, 1 mM, 0.3167 mM, 0.1 mM, 0.03167 mM).
• 600 HI of compound is resuspended into 90 mI of reference buffer (in mM, NaCI 80, KCL 4, CaCI 5, MgCI 1 , NMDG Cl 60, D-Glucose monohydrate 5, HEPES 10 (pH7.4 HCL, 298mOsm) for a final compound concentration of 39.6 mM, 13.2 mM, 4.4 mM, 1.46 mM, 0.48 mM, 0.16 mM.
• reference buffer in mM, NaCI 80, KCL 4, CaCI 5, MgCI 1 , NMDG Cl 60, D-Glucose monohydrate 5, HEPES 10 (pH7.4 HCL, 298mOsm) for a final compound concentration of 39.6 mM, 13.2 mM, 4.4 mM, 1.46 mM, 0.48 mM, 0.16 mM.
• DLD1 and BRCA2 (-/-) DLD1 cells were harvested to a density of 1 .875E4 cells/ml and 6.25E4 cells/ml respectively in complete media, 40 pL/well seeded into 384-well plates (Greiner, Kremsmunster, Austria; 781090) using a Multidrop Combi then incubated at 37°C, 5% CO overnight. Next day (Day 1 ) using a Multidrop Combi add sytox green (Sul, 2uM) and saponin (1 Oul, 0.25% stock) to a day 0 plate, seal the plate using a black adhesive lid and incubate for >3 hrs at RT.
• Sul, 2uM sytox green
• saponin 1 Oul, 0.25% stock
• Cells were imaged using Cell Insight (Thermo Fisher) fitted with a 4x objective. Test compounds are added using an Echo 555 and placed in incubator maintained at 37°C, 5% CO and incubated for 4 days. On Day 5 add sytox green (5ul, 2uM) and then saponin (1 Oul, 0.25% stock) to plates, seal the plate using a black adhesive lid and incubate for >3 hrs at RT. Read all cells on the Cell Insight with 4x Objective. The rate of proliferation is determined in Genedata by assessing the total cell number output from the Cell Insight for Day 0 and Day 5 plates

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