WO2024046366A1 - 选择性parp1抑制剂 - Google Patents

选择性parp1抑制剂 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024046366A1
WO2024046366A1 PCT/CN2023/115820 CN2023115820W WO2024046366A1 WO 2024046366 A1 WO2024046366 A1 WO 2024046366A1 CN 2023115820 W CN2023115820 W CN 2023115820W WO 2024046366 A1 WO2024046366 A1 WO 2024046366A1
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Prior art keywords
compound
formula
parp1
diseases
alkyl
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PCT/CN2023/115820
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王能辉
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浙江文达医药科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2024046366A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024046366A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/4353—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/4375—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems the heterocyclic ring system containing a six-membered ring having nitrogen as a ring heteroatom, e.g. quinolizines, naphthyridines, berberine, vincamine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
    • A61K31/4709—Non-condensed quinolines and containing further heterocyclic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/496—Non-condensed piperazines containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. rifampin, thiothixene or sparfloxacin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of medicine, and specifically relates to a selective poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibitor and its use in preventing or treating PARP1-related diseases.
  • PARP1 selective poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1
  • PARP Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase
  • PARP Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase
  • PARP enzymes participate in certain processes, such as regulating cell death, cell cycle progression, gene transcription, intracellular DNA repair, etc.
  • Current research has found that the PARP family has at least 18 members, and there is a certain degree of homology among the members.
  • PARP1 and PARP2 are the two main types of enzymes in the PARP family.
  • PARP1 plays more than 90% of the functions, and their substrate selectivity is different. Improving PARP1 selectivity may lead to improved efficacy and reduced toxicity compared to other marketed PARP1/2 inhibitors.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a highly selective poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibitor.
  • PARP1 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1
  • the selective PARP1 inhibitor provided herein has surprisingly high selectivity (such as PARP1 relative to PARP2). selectivity) and brain penetration capabilities.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide the use of the inhibitor in preventing or treating diseases related to PARP1.
  • a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof is provided, wherein the compound is represented by Formula A;
  • X 1 is a divalent group represented by formula M1 or formula M2:
  • W 3 and W 4 are each independently -(CH 2 )-, -(CH 2 ) 2 - or -(CH 2 ) 3 -;
  • W 1 and W 2 are each independently -(CH 2 )- or -(CH 2 ) 2 -;
  • R 6 is selected from the following group: H, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl;
  • R 1 is selected from the following group: substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3-6 cycloalkyl;
  • R 2 is selected from the following group: H, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3-6 cycloalkyl;
  • R 3 is selected from the following group: H, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl;
  • R 4 and R 5 each independently select the following group: H, halogen;
  • R a1 , R a2 , R a3 , R c1 and R c2 are each independently selected from the following group: H, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 alkyl;
  • substitution refers to the substitution of one or more (such as 1, 2 or 3) hydrogen in the group with a substituent selected from the following group: deuterium (D), halogen, C 1-4 alkane base, C 1-4 haloalkyl.
  • the compound is represented by formula A1 or formula A2
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R a1 , R a2 , R a3 , R c1 , R c2 , W 1 , W 2 , W 3 and W 4 are as defined before.
  • the compound is represented by formula A2.
  • R a1 , R a2 , R a3 , R c1 and R c2 are all H.
  • R 5 is H.
  • the compound is represented by formula B
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are as defined in Formula A.
  • R 1 is substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkyl.
  • R 1 is substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 alkyl.
  • R 1 is selected from the following group: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl; preferably, R 1 is selected from the following group : Methyl, ethyl, n-propyl.
  • R 1 is methyl or ethyl.
  • R 2 is selected from the following group: H, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl.
  • R 2 is selected from the following group: H, halogen; preferably, R 2 is selected from the following group: H, F, Cl.
  • R 2 is H or F.
  • R 3 is substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl.
  • R 3 is C 1-3 alkyl or deuterated C 1-3 alkyl.
  • R 3 is methyl
  • R 4 is halogen
  • R 4 is selected from the following group: F, Cl, Br.
  • R 4 is F.
  • X 1 is a divalent group represented by formula M1.
  • one of W 3 and W 4 is -(CH 2 )-, and the other is -(CH 2 )-, -(CH 2 ) 2 - or -(CH 2 ) 3 -; or, One of W 3 and W 4 is -(CH 2 ) 2 -, and the other is -(CH 2 )- or -(CH 2 ) 2 -.
  • both W 3 and W 4 are -(CH 2 ) 2 -.
  • divalent group represented by formula M1 is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl
  • X 1 is a divalent group represented by formula M2.
  • one of W 1 and W 2 is -(CH 2 ) 2 -, and the other is -(CH 2 )-; or both W 1 and W 2 are -(CH 2 )-.
  • both W 1 and W 2 are -(CH 2 )-.
  • R 6 is selected from the following group: H, methyl, and ethyl.
  • R 6 is H.
  • the divalent group represented by formula M2 is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl
  • the compound is represented by formula C1 or formula C2
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are as defined in Formula A.
  • the compound is represented by C1.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R a1 , R a2 , R a3 , R c1 , R c2 , W 1 , W 2 , W 3 and W 4 is each independently the corresponding group in the specific compound in the embodiment (such as the compound shown in Table A).
  • the compound is a compound selected from Table A:
  • X 2 is a group represented by formula M3 or formula M4
  • R P is H or amino protecting group (such as Boc);
  • R H is an active reactive group (such as -CH 2 Cl, -C(O)H);
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R a1 , R a2 , R a3 , R c1 , R c2 , W 1 , W 2 , W 3 and W 4 are as defined in Formula A.
  • composition comprising:
  • the pharmaceutical composition further includes another autoimmune inflammation inhibitor drug.
  • a compound as described in the first aspect or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof in the preparation (i) for treating, improving or preventing diseases related to PARP1 and and/or drugs for diseases mediated by PARP1; and/or (ii) PARP1 inhibitors; and/or (iii) drugs or autoimmune inflammation inhibitors for the treatment, amelioration or prevention of autoimmune inflammation; and/or ( iv) Use in tumor drug sensitizers.
  • the compound treats, improves or prevents diseases related to PARP1 and/or diseases mediated by PARP1 by selectively inhibiting PARP1.
  • the diseases related to PARP1 and/or diseases mediated by PARP1 include: cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory diseases, fibrotic diseases (such as scars, etc.), diabetes, fatty liver, cranial nerve diseases, ALS, myasthenia gravis, psychiatric disorders, schizophrenia, epilepsy, sleep disorders, brain injury, stroke, neuropsychiatric lupus, central nervous system tumors, Huntington's disease, pain, itching, depression, PA Main diseases include Alzheimer's disease, osteoporosis, eye diseases, viral infections, skin inflammatory diseases, pulmonary inflammatory diseases, pulmonary hypertension, asthma, arthritis, enteritis, and organ transplantation.
  • cardiovascular diseases such as scars, etc.
  • inflammatory diseases such as scars, etc.
  • fibrotic diseases such as scars, etc.
  • diabetes fatty liver
  • cranial nerve diseases such as scars, etc.
  • ALS myasthenia gravis
  • psychiatric disorders schizophrenia, epilepsy, sleep disorders, brain injury, stroke, neuropsychi
  • the diseases related to PARP1 and/or diseases mediated by PARP1 include: autoimmune inflammation and tumors (such as cancer).
  • the diseases related to PARP1 and/or diseases mediated by PARP1 include: breast cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, blood cancer, brain tumor, sarcoma, gastrointestinal cancer (such as gastric and colorectal cancer) or lung cancer or a combination thereof.
  • the PARP1 inhibitor is a selective PARP1 inhibitor.
  • the tumor is cancer; preferably, it includes: breast cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, blood cancer, gastrointestinal cancer (such as gastric cancer and colorectal cancer) or lung cancer or a combination thereof
  • the gastrointestinal tract cancer includes: gastric cancer and colorectal cancer.
  • the tumor drug sensitizer is used in combination with at least one additional anti-tumor drug.
  • a pharmaceutical combination comprising:
  • a method for selectively inhibiting PARP1 comprising:
  • the subject is contacted with a compound as described in the first aspect, thereby inhibiting PARP1 activity in the subject.
  • the subject is a cell or PARP1 enzyme.
  • the inhibition is selective inhibition of PARP1.
  • the method is non-therapeutic in vitro.
  • a method for treating, improving or preventing (i) PARP1-related diseases and/or PARP1-mediated diseases or (ii) immune inflammation and/or tumors is provided, comprising step:
  • Administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound as described in the first aspect or a pharmaceutical composition as described in the fourth aspect to a subject in need thereof, thereby treating, ameliorating or preventing (i) a disease associated with PARP1 and/or mediated by PARP1 disease or (ii) immune inflammation and/or tumors.
  • the subject is a mammal, preferably a human.
  • the compound treats, improves or prevents diseases related to PARP1 and/or diseases mediated by PARP1 by selectively inhibiting PARP1.
  • the disease related to PARP1 and/or the disease mediated by PARP1 is as defined in the fourth aspect.
  • the method further comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of an additional anti-tumor drug to the subject in need thereof.
  • a compound as described in the first aspect or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof for (i) treating, improving or preventing PARP1-related diseases and and/or drugs for diseases mediated by PARP1; and/or (ii) inhibit PARP1; and/or (iii) drugs or autoimmune inflammation inhibitors that treat, ameliorate, or prevent autoimmune inflammation; and/or (iv) increase Sensitivity to oncology drugs.
  • the disease related to PARP1 and/or the disease mediated by PARP1 is as defined in the fourth aspect.
  • a class of compounds with a novel structure has significantly better PARP1 inhibitory activity and surprisingly high selectivity for PARP1.
  • this type of compound has significantly higher PARP1 inhibitory activity than other PARPs.
  • Family members such as PARP2, thus enabling this class of compounds to have advantageously low PARP2 activity and lower toxicity.
  • this type of compound also has excellent brain penetration (blood-brain barrier permeability). Based on this, the inventor completed the present invention.
  • halogen refers to F, Cl, Br or I. Accordingly, “halogenated” means that a hydrogen atom in the group is replaced by F, Cl, Br or I.
  • alkyl by itself or as part of another substituent refers to a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon radical having the specified number of carbon atoms (ie, C 1-6 means 1 to 6 carbons).
  • alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl base, n-butyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, etc.
  • cycloalkyl refers to a hydrocarbon ring having the specified number of ring atoms (eg, a C 3-6 cycloalkyl group has 3 to 6 ring atoms) and is fully saturated.
  • Cycloalkyl also refers to bicyclic and polycyclic hydrocarbon rings, such as bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, and the like.
  • Substituents for alkyl groups may be various groups selected from the group consisting of: halogen, alkyl (e.g. C 1-4 Alkyl), haloalkyl (such as C 1-4 haloalkyl).
  • a bond from a substituent (generally an R group) to the center of the ring will be understood to mean a bond to any available vertex of the ring.
  • the terms “comprising,” “comprising,” or “includes” indicate that various ingredients may be used together in the mixture or composition of the present invention. Therefore, the terms “consisting essentially of” and “consisting of” are included in the term “comprising”.
  • the term "pharmaceutically acceptable" ingredient refers to substances that are suitable for use in humans and/or animals without undue adverse side effects (such as toxicity, irritation, and allergic reactions), i.e., with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
  • each chiral carbon atom may optionally be in R configuration or S configuration, or a mixture of R configuration and S configuration.
  • heteroatom is intended to include oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S).
  • Certain compounds of the present invention possess asymmetric carbon atoms (optical centers) or double bonds; racemates, diastereomers, geometric isomers, regioisomers and individual isomers (e.g., separated enantiomers body) should be included in the scope of the present invention.
  • compounds provided herein have a defined stereochemistry (denoted as R or S, or have dashed or wedge-shaped bonds)
  • those compounds will be understood by those skilled in the art to be substantially free of other isomers (e.g., at least 80% , 90%, 95%, 98%, 99% and up to 100% free of other isomers).
  • the compounds of the present invention may also contain unnatural proportions of atomic isotopes at one or more of the isotope atoms that make up such compounds.
  • the unnatural ratio of a certain isotope can be defined as the amount from the naturally found amount of the atom in question to 100% of that atom.
  • the compounds may incorporate radioactive isotopes, such as tritium ( 3 H), iodine-125 ( 125 I), or carbon-14 ( 14 C), or non-radioactive isotopes, such as deuterium ( 2 H) or carbon-13 ( 13 C ).
  • radioactive isotopes such as tritium ( 3 H), iodine-125 ( 125 I), or carbon-14 ( 14 C)
  • non-radioactive isotopes such as deuterium ( 2 H) or carbon-13 ( 13 C ).
  • Such isotopic variants may provide additional uses in addition to those described herein.
  • isotopic variants of the compounds of the present invention may have additional uses, including, but not limited to, as diagnostic and/or imaging agents, or as cytotoxic/radiotoxic therapeutics. Additionally, isotopic variants of the compounds of the present invention may have altered pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics, thereby contributing to increased safety, tolerability, or efficacy during treatment. All isotopic variations of the compounds of the invention, whether radioactive or not, are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
  • the term "compound of the present invention” or “compound of the present invention” refers to a compound represented by formula (A), formula (A1), formula (A2), formula (B), formula (C1) or formula (C1) herein. compound.
  • the term also includes various crystalline forms, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrated compounds of formula (A) or formula (A1), formula (A2), formula (B), formula (C1) or formula (C1). substance or solvate.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salt refers to a salt of a compound of the present invention with an acid or a base that is suitable for use as a medicine.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include inorganic salts and organic salts.
  • One preferred class of salts are the salts of the compounds of the invention with acids.
  • Acids suitable for forming salts include, but are not limited to: hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and other inorganic acids; formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, propionic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, Fumaric acid, maleic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, picric acid, benzoic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, Organic acids such as naphthalene sulfonic acid; and amino acids such as proline, phenylalanine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid.
  • salts of the compounds of the invention with bases for example alkali metal salts (e.g. sodium or potassium salts), alkaline earth metal salts (e.g. magnesium or calcium salts), ammonium salts (e.g.
  • lower alkanol ammonium salts salts and other pharmaceutically acceptable amine salts
  • amine salts such as methylamine salt, ethylamine salt, propylamine salt, dimethylamine salt, trimethylamine salt, diethylamine salt, triethylamine salt, tert-butylamine salt amine salts, ethylenediamine salts, hydroxyethylamine salts, dihydroxyethylamine salts, trihydroxyethylamine salts, and amine salts formed from morpholine, piperazine, and lysine respectively.
  • solvate refers to a complex in which a compound of the invention is coordinated with solvent molecules to form a complex in a specific proportion.
  • Hydrophilate refers to a complex formed by coordination of the compound of the present invention with water.
  • the compounds of the present invention also include prodrugs of compounds represented by formula (A), formula (A1), formula (A2), formula (B), formula (C1) or formula (C1).
  • prodrug includes itself, which may be biologically active or inactive. When taken with an appropriate method, it undergoes metabolism or chemical reactions in the human body and is converted into formula (A), formula (A1), A class of compounds of formula (A2), formula (B), formula (C1) or formula (C1), or formula (A), formula (A1), formula (A2), formula (B), formula (C1) or A salt or solution composed of a compound of formula (C1).
  • the prodrugs include (but are not limited to) carboxylates, carbonates, phosphates, nitrates, sulfates, sulfone esters, sulfoxide esters, amino compounds, carbamates, and azo compounds of the compounds. , phosphoramide, glucoside, ether, acetal and other forms.
  • the preparation methods of the compound of formula (A) of the present invention are specifically described herein, but these specific methods do not constitute any limitation to the present invention.
  • the compounds of the present invention can also be optionally prepared by combining various synthetic methods described in the specification or known in the art, and such combinations can be easily performed by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.
  • compositions and methods of administration are provided.
  • compositions in which the inventive compound is the main active ingredient can be used to treat, prevent, and improve diseases related to or mediated by PARP1 or to treat autoimmune inflammation, tumors, and the like.
  • the compounds of the present invention can be used to treat the following diseases: cancer, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory disease, sepsis, fibrotic diseases (such as scars, etc.), diabetes, fatty liver, cranial nerve disease, ALS, severe disease Myasthenia, psychiatric disorders, schizophrenia, epilepsy, sleep disorders, brain injury, stroke, neuropsychiatric lupus, central nervous system tumors, Huntington's disease, pain, itching, depression, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Osteoporosis, eye diseases, viral infections, inflammatory skin diseases, inflammatory lung diseases, pulmonary hypertension, asthma, joint inflammation, enteritis, organ transplantation and anti-shrinkage diseases.
  • the cancer may be breast cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, blood cancer, brain tumor, sarcoma, gastrointestinal cancer (such as gastric cancer and colorectal cancer) or lung cancer.
  • the term “selective” refers to activity or potency (eg, inhibitory activity) against a specified target (eg, PARP1) over activity or potency (eg, inhibitory activity) against other targets (eg, PARP2); e.g., for a specified target
  • the activity or potency (eg, inhibitory activity) of the target (eg, PARP1) is at least 10 times greater than the activity or potency (eg, inhibitory activity) of the other target (eg, PARP2).
  • IC50 other /IC50 PARP1 >10 >20, >50
  • IC50 PARP1 refers to the enzymatic inhibitory activity IC50 of the compound of the present invention against PARP1 (for example, as tested in this article IC50 value measured by the method of Example 1)
  • IC50 and others refer to the inhibitory activity IC50 (nM) of the compound of the present invention against one or more of the following enzymes: PARP2.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention contains a compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof within a safe and effective amount or a therapeutically effective amount and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier.
  • the “safe and effective dose” refers to the amount of compound that is sufficient to significantly improve the condition without causing serious side effects.
  • the pharmaceutical composition contains 0.01-500 mg of the compound of the present invention/dose, more preferably, it contains 0.01-200 mg of the compound of the present invention/dose.
  • the "dose" is a capsule or tablet.
  • “Pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” refers to one or more compatible solid or liquid fillers or gel substances that are suitable for human use and must be of sufficient purity and low enough toxicity. "Compatibility” here means that the components of the composition can be blended with the compounds of the present invention and with each other without significantly reducing the efficacy of the compounds.
  • Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include cellulose and its derivatives (such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium ethylcellulose, cellulose acetate, etc.), gelatin, talc, solid lubricants (such as stearic acid , magnesium stearate), calcium sulfate, vegetable oils (such as soybean oil, sesame oil, peanut oil, olive oil, etc.), polyols (such as propylene glycol, glycerin, mannitol, sorbitol, etc.), emulsifiers (such as ), wetting agents (such as sodium lauryl sulfate), colorants, flavorings, stabilizers, antioxidants, preservatives, pyrogen-free water, etc.
  • cellulose and its derivatives such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium ethylcellulose, cellulose acetate, etc.
  • gelatin such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium ethylcellulose, cellulose acetate, etc.
  • solid lubricants such as
  • administration mode of the compounds or pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention is not particularly limited.
  • Representative administration modes include (but are not limited to): oral, intratumoral, rectal, parenteral (intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous), and topical administration. .
  • Solid dosage forms for oral administration include capsules, tablets, pills, powders and granules.
  • the active compound is mixed with at least one conventional inert excipient (or carrier), such as sodium citrate or dicalcium phosphate, or with the following ingredients: (a) fillers or compatibilizers, for example, Starch, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol and silicic acid; (b) Binders, for example, hydroxymethylcellulose, alginate, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sucrose and gum arabic; (c) Humectants, For example, glycerol; (d) disintegrants, such as agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid, certain complex silicates, and sodium carbonate; (e) retarder, such as paraffin; (f) Absorption accelerators, such as quaternary ammonium compounds; (g) wetting agents, such as cetyl alcohol and glyceryl mono
  • Solid dosage forms such as tablets, dragees, capsules, pills and granules may be prepared using coatings and shell materials such as enteric casings and other materials well known in the art. They may contain opacifying agents and the release of the active compound or compounds in such compositions may be released in a delayed manner in a certain part of the digestive tract. Examples of embedding components that can be used are polymeric substances and waxy substances. If necessary, the active compounds can also be in microencapsulated form with one or more of the above-mentioned excipients.
  • Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups or tinctures.
  • liquid dosage forms may contain inert diluents conventionally employed in the art, such as water or other solvents, solubilizers and emulsifiers, for example, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, propylene glycol, 1 , 3-butanediol, dimethylformamide and oils, especially cottonseed oil, peanut oil, corn germ oil, olive oil, castor oil and sesame oil or mixtures of these substances.
  • inert diluents conventionally employed in the art, such as water or other solvents, solubilizers and emulsifiers, for example, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, propylene glycol, 1 , 3-butanediol, dimethylformamide and oils,
  • compositions may also contain adjuvants such as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, sweetening, flavoring and perfuming agents.
  • adjuvants such as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, sweetening, flavoring and perfuming agents.
  • Suspensions may contain, in addition to the active compound, suspending agents, for example, ethoxylated isostearyl alcohols, polyoxyethylene sorbitol and sorbitan esters, microcrystalline cellulose, aluminum methoxide and agar or mixtures of these substances and the like.
  • suspending agents for example, ethoxylated isostearyl alcohols, polyoxyethylene sorbitol and sorbitan esters, microcrystalline cellulose, aluminum methoxide and agar or mixtures of these substances and the like.
  • compositions for parenteral injection may contain physiologically acceptable sterile aqueous or anhydrous solutions, dispersions, suspensions or emulsions, and sterile powders for reconstitution into sterile injectable solutions or dispersions.
  • Suitable aqueous and non-aqueous carriers, diluents, solvents or excipients include water, ethanol, polyols and suitable mixtures thereof.
  • Dosage forms for topical administration of the compounds of this invention include ointments, powders, patches, sprays and inhalants.
  • the active ingredient is mixed under sterile conditions with a physiologically acceptable carrier and any preservatives, buffers, or propellants that may be required.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be administered alone or in combination with other pharmaceutically acceptable compounds.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be administered as sensitizers to antineoplastic agents in combination with at least one additional antineoplastic agent.
  • Additional anti-tumor drugs can be targeted drugs or drugs for chemotherapy and radiotherapy (such as carboplatin, paclitaxel, temozolomide, etc.), and proton therapy.
  • a safe and effective amount of the compound of the present invention is applied to a mammal (such as a human) in need of treatment, and the dosage when administered is a pharmaceutically effective dosage.
  • a mammal such as a human
  • the daily dose is usually 0.01 to 500 mg, preferably 0.01 to 200 mg.
  • the specific dosage should also take into account factors such as the route of administration and the patient's health condition, which are all within the skill of a skilled physician.
  • the compounds of the present invention have excellent selectivity. Compared with PARP2, the compound of the present invention has better inhibitory activity on PARP1. Therefore, the compounds of the present invention have lower toxicity and more excellent brain penetration.
  • the compound of the present invention has excellent selectivity and excellent brain penetration.
  • Dissolve compound 1b (2g, 10.7mmol) in acetonitrile (110mL), add copper bromide (3.25g, 14.55mmol), add tert-butyl nitrite (3g, 29.10mmol) dropwise with stirring in an ice bath, and protect with nitrogen. Stir at room temperature for 1 hour.
  • PARP chemical fluorescence detection kit was purchased from BPS Bioscience; EnVision multi-label analyzer (PerkinElmer).
  • PBST buffer preparation 1xPBS contains 0.05% Tween-20, that is, add 5 ⁇ L 100% Tween-20 to 10mL PBS
  • Compound solution preparation Dilute the compound to be tested 5-fold with 100% DMSO to the 8th concentration, that is, from 1000 ⁇ M to 12.8 nM.
  • the internal control compound was diluted 5-fold to the eighth concentration using 100% DMSO, that is, from 200 ⁇ M to 2.56 nM. Then use 1x test buffer to dilute each compound to be tested into a working solution of 10% DMSO.
  • Example-Min Use the equation (Sample-Min)/(Max-Min)*100% to convert the original data into enzyme activity.
  • the IC50 value can be obtained by curve fitting with four parameters (log(inhibitor) vs. response in GraphPad Prism- -Variable slope mode).
  • Max Contains 1% DMSO, PARP and substrate mixed solution;
  • Min Does not contain PARP enzyme.
  • test results are shown in Table 1, which provides the enzymatic inhibitory activity of the compounds of the present invention on PARP.
  • Test Example 2 Inhibitory activity test on DLD1-BRCA2KO cells
  • DLD-1 cells were purchased from Nanjing Kebai; DLD1-BRCA2KO cells were constructed by Wuhan Heyan Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd.; 1640 culture medium was purchased from Biological Industries; fetal bovine serum was purchased from Biosera, and cell viability chemiluminescence detection reagents were purchased from Promega Corporation.
  • DLD1 or DLD1 BRCA2 KO cells were seeded in a white 96-well plate, with 80 ⁇ L of cell suspension per well containing 1,000 DLD1 or DLD1 BRCA2 KO cells.
  • the cell plate was cultured overnight in a carbon dioxide incubator.
  • Use a volute gun to dilute the compound to be tested 5 times to the 8th concentration, that is, dilute it from 2mM to 0.0256 ⁇ M, and set up a double well experiment.
  • the concentration of compounds transferred into the cell plate ranged from 10 ⁇ M to 0.128 nM.
  • the cell plate was cultured in a carbon dioxide incubator for 7 days. Prepare another cell plate, and read the signal value on the day of adding the drug as the maximum value (Max value in the equation below) to participate in data analysis.
  • After the cell plate with the compound added has finished incubating add 25 ⁇ L of cell viability chemiluminescence detection reagent per well to the cell plate, and incubate at room temperature for 10 minutes to stabilize the luminescence signal. Take multi-label analyzer readings.
  • IC50 Use the equation (Sample-Min)/(Max-Min)*100% to convert the original data into an inhibition rate.
  • the value of IC50 can be obtained by curve fitting with four parameters ("log(inhibitor) vs. response in GraphPad Prism" --Variable slope” mode).
  • Table 1 provides the inhibitory activity of the compounds of the present invention on DLD-1BRCA2KO cells.
  • Test Example 3 Brain-penetrating matrix test of compound 7 in female B-NDG mice
  • the purpose of this study was to evaluate drug concentrations in plasma samples and brain tissue samples after a single intravenous and oral administration of Compound 7 in female B-NDG mice at 2 hours, 4 hours and 8 hours, where the intravenous dose was 5mg/kg, oral administration is 25mg/kg.
  • the drug concentration of Compound 7 in plasma samples and brain tissue homogenate samples was detected through the positive ion (ESI) multiple reaction ion monitoring (MRM) scanning mode of the liquid mass spectrometry instrument.
  • the detection linear range of the plasma samples was 10-10000ng/mL
  • the detection linear range of the brain tissue homogenates was 10-10000ng/mL.
  • the detection linear range of slurry samples is 0.5-500ng/mL.

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Abstract

本发明提供了选择性PARP1抑制剂。具体地，本发明提供了一种化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物，所述的化合物如式A所示，其中各基团如本文中定义；以及，该化合物的制备方法和用途。

Description

选择性PARP1抑制剂 技术领域
本发明属于医药领域，具体涉及一种选择性的聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶1(PARP1)抑制剂,以及在预防或治疗PARP1相关的疾病中的用途。
背景技术
聚腺苷酸二磷酸核糖聚合酶(PARP)是一种单体蛋白酶，在多数真核细胞核内广泛存在。在聚ADP糖基化过程中，PARP酶参与某些进程，如调节细胞死亡、细胞周期进程、基因转录、细胞内DNA修复等。目前研究发现，PARP家族至少有18个成员，成员间具有一定的同源性。PARP1、PARP2是PARP家族中主要的两类酶，其中PARP1发挥着90％以上的功能，两者的底物选择性不同。与其他市场上的PARP1/2抑制剂相比，改善PARPl的选择性可能具有改进的功效，并且降低毒性。而且可以进入大脑，对脑转移和脑中枢病变的病人有极大应用价值。并且可用于除了肿瘤以外的疾病如心血管、脂肪肝、炎症、病毒感染、脓毒症、肺部炎性、肺动脉高压、哮喘、脑神经疾病、渐冻症、重症肌无力、精神性疾病、精神分裂症、癫痫、睡眠失调、脑损伤、脑卒中、神经精神性狼疮、中枢神经系统肿瘤、亨廷顿舞蹈症、疼痛、发痒、抑郁症、帕金森、老年痴呆等等，扩大应该范围。因此，对于有效且安全的PARP抑制剂存在未满足的医疗需求,特别是高选择性和脑渗透功能的PARP1抑制剂。
综上所述，本领域迫切需要开发一种新的PARP1选择性抑制剂。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是提供了一种高选择性的聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶1(PARP1)抑制剂，本文提供的选择性PARP1抑制剂，具有惊人的高选择性(如PARP1相对于PARP2的选择性)和脑渗透能力。本发明的另一个目的是提供所述抑制剂在预防或治疗和PARP1相关的疾病中的用途。
在本发明的第一方面中，提供了一种化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物，其中，所述的化合物如式A所示；
其中，
X1为如式M1或式M2所示的二价基团：
(i)
其中，W3和W4各自独立地为-(CH2)-、-(CH2)2-或-(CH2)3-；
(ii)
其中，W1和W2各自独立地为-(CH2)-或-(CH2)2-；
R6选自下组：H、取代或未取代的C1-3烷基；
R1选自下组：取代或未取代的C1-6烷基、取代或未取代的C3-6环烷基；
R2选自下组：H、卤素、取代或未取代的C1-3烷基、取代或未取代的C3-6环烷基；
R3选自下组：H、取代或未取代的C1-3烷基；
R4和R5各自独立地选择下组：H、卤素；
Ra1、Ra2、Ra3、Rc1和Rc2各自独立地选自下组：H、取代或未取代的C1-4烷基；
除非特别说明，所述取代是指基团中一个或多个(如1、2或3个)氢被选自下组的取代基所述取代：氘(D)、卤素、C1-4烷基、C1-4卤代烷基。
在另一优选例中，所述化合物如式A1或式A2所示
其中，R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、Ra1、Ra2、Ra3、Rc1、Rc2、W1、W2、W3和W4如前定义。
在另一优选例中，所述化合物如式A2所示。
在另一优选例中，Ra1、Ra2、Ra3、Rc1和Rc2均为H。
在另一优选例中，R5为H。
在另一优选例中，所述化合物如式B所示
其中，R1、R2、R3和R4如式A中定义。
在另一优选例中，R1为取代或未取代的C1-6烷基。
在另一优选例中，R1为取代或未取代的C1-4烷基。
在另一优选例中，R1选自下组：甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基；较佳地，R1选自下组：甲基、乙基、正丙基。
在另一优选例中，R1为甲基或乙基。
在另一优选例中，R2选自下组：H、卤素、取代或未取代的C1-3烷基。
在另一优选例中，R2选自下组：H、卤素；较佳地，R2选自下组：H、F、Cl。
在另一优选例中，R2为H或F。
在另一优选例中，R3为取代或未取代的C1-3烷基。
在另一优选例中，R3为C1-3烷基或氘代C1-3烷基。
在另一优选例中，R3为甲基。
在另一优选例中，R4为卤素。
在另一优选例中，R4选自下组：F、Cl、Br。
在另一优选例中，R4为F。
在另一优选例中，X1为如式M1所示的二价基团。
在另一优选例中，W3和W4之一为-(CH2)-，另一个为-(CH2)-、-(CH2)2-或-(CH2)3-；或，W3和W4之一为-(CH2)2-，另一个为-(CH2)-或-(CH2)2-。
在另一优选例中，W3和W4均为-(CH2)2-。
在另一优选例中，如式M1所示的二价基团为
在另一优选例中，X1为如式M2所示的二价基团。
在另一优选例中，W1和W2之一为-(CH2)2-，另一个为-(CH2)-；或W1和W2均为-(CH2)-。
在另一优选例中，W1和W2均为-(CH2)-。
在另一优选例中，R6选自下组：H、甲基、乙基。
在另一优选例中，R6为H。
在另一优选例中，如式M2所示的二价基团为
在另一优选例中，所述化合物如式C1或式C2所示
其中，R1、R2、R3和R4如式A中定义。
在另一优选例中，所述化合物为如是C1所示。
在另一优选例中，R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、Ra1、Ra2、Ra3、Rc1、Rc2、W1、W2、W3和W4各自独立地为实施例中具体化合物(如表A中所示的化合物)中对应的基团。
在另一优选例中，所述化合物为选自表A的化合物：
表A

在本发明的第二方面中，提供了一种如第一方面所述的化合物的制备方法，包括步骤：
(a)使式I中间体与式II中间体反应，从而得到式A所示的化合物；
各式中，
X2为如式M3或式M4所示的基团
RP为H或氨基保护基(如Boc)；
RH为活性反应基团(如-CH2Cl、-C(O)H)；
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、Ra1、Ra2、Ra3、Rc1、Rc2、W1、W2、W3和W4如式A中定义。
在本发明的第三方面中，提供了一种药物组合物，包括：
(i)如第一方面所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物，和(ii)药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂。
在另一优选例中，所述的药物组合物还包括另外的自身免疫炎症抑制剂药物。
在本发明的第四方面中，提供了一种如第一方面所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物在制备(i)用于治疗、改善或预防与PARP1相关的疾病和/或由PARP1介导的疾病的药物；和/或(ii)PARP1抑制剂；和/或(iii)用于治疗、改善或预防自身免疫炎症的药物或自身免疫炎症抑制剂；和/或(iv)肿瘤药物增敏剂中的用途。
在另一优选例中，所述化合物通过选择性抑制PARP1来治疗、改善或预防与PARP1相关的疾病和/或由PARP1介导的疾病。
在另一优选例中，所述与PARP1相关的疾病和/或由PARP1介导的疾病包括：心血管疾病、炎症疾病、纤维化疾病(如疤痕等)、糖尿病、脂肪肝、脑神经疾病、渐冻症、重症肌无力、精神性疾病、精神分裂症、癫痫、睡眠失调、脑损伤、脑卒中、神经精神性狼疮、中枢神经系统肿瘤、亨廷顿舞蹈症、疼痛、发痒、抑郁症、帕金森、老年痴呆、骨质疏松症、眼疾、病毒感染、皮肤炎性疾病、肺部炎性疾病、肺动脉高压、哮喘、关节炎、肠炎、器官移植抗缩主病。
在另一优选例中，所述与PARP1相关的疾病和/或由PARP1介导的疾病包括：自身免疫炎症和肿瘤(如癌症)。
在另一优选例中，所述与PARP1相关的疾病和/或由PARP1介导的疾病包括：乳腺癌、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、前列腺癌、血癌、脑瘤、肉瘤、胃肠道癌(如胃癌和结直肠癌)或肺癌或其组合。
在另一优选例中，所述PARP1抑制剂为选择性PARP1抑制剂。
在另一优选例中，所述肿瘤为癌症；较佳地，包括：乳腺癌、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、前列腺癌、血癌、胃肠道癌(如胃癌和结直肠癌)或肺癌或其组合
在另一优选例中，所述胃肠道癌包括：胃癌、结直肠癌。
在另一优选例中，所述肿瘤药物增敏剂与至少一种另外的抗肿瘤药物联合应用。
在本发明的第五方面中，提供了一种药物组合，包括：
(a)如第一方面所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物；以及
(b)至少一种另外的抗肿瘤药物。
在本发明的第六方面中，提供了一种选择性抑制PARP1的方法，所述方法包括：
使对象与如第一方面所述的化合物接触，从而抑制对象中PARP1活性。
在另一优选例中，所述对象为细胞或PARP1酶。
在另一优选例中，所述抑制是对PARP1的选择性抑制。
在另一优选例中，所述的方法是体外非治疗性的。
在本发明的第七方面中，提供了一种治疗、改善或预防(i)与PARP1相关的疾病和/或由PARP1介导的疾病或者(ii)身免疫炎症和/或肿瘤的方法，包括步骤：
向有需要的对象施用治疗有效量的如第一方面的化合物或如第四方面所述的药物组合物，从而治疗、改善或预防(i)与PARP1相关的疾病和/或由PARP1介导的疾病或者(ii)身免疫炎症和/或肿瘤。在另一优选例中，所述对象为哺乳动物，较佳地，为人。
在另一优选例中，所述化合物通过选择性抑制PARP1来治疗、改善或预防与PARP1相关的疾病和/或由PARP1介导的疾病。
在另一优选例中，所述与PARP1相关的疾病和/或由PARP1介导的疾病如第四方面中定义。
在另一优选例中，所述方法还包括向需要的对象施用治疗有效量的另外的抗肿瘤药物。
在本发明的第八方面中，提供了一种如第一方面所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物，其用于(i)治疗、改善或预防与PARP1相关的疾病和/或由PARP1介导的疾病的药物；和/或(ii)抑制PARP1；和/或(iii)治疗、改善或预防自身免疫炎症的药物或自身免疫炎症抑制剂；和/或(iv)增加对肿瘤药物的敏感性。
在另一优选例中，所述与PARP1相关的疾病和/或由PARP1介导的疾病如第四方面中定义。
应理解，在本发明范围内中，本发明的上述各技术特征和在下文(如实施例)中具体描述的各技术特征之间都可以互相组合，从而构成新的或优选的技术方案。限于篇幅，在此不再一一累述。
具体实施方式
发明人经过广泛而深入地研究，发现一类具有新颖结构的化合物具有显著更优异的PARP1抑制活性和具有惊人的对PARP1高选择性，例如，这类化合物在对PARP1抑制活性显著高于其他PARP家族成员如PARP2，从而使得这类化合物具有有利的低PARP2活性、更低毒性。此外，本发明人还发现这类化合物还具有优异的透脑性(血脑屏障渗透性)。基于此，发明人完成了本发明。
术语
除非另有说明，基团中以虚线表示的单键代表与分子其他部分连接的位置。
如本文所述，术语“卤素”是指F、Cl、Br或I。相应地，“卤代”是指基团中的氢原子被F、Cl、Br或I取代。
除非另有表述，术语“烷基”本身或作为另一取代基的一部分是指具有指定碳原子数的直链或支链烃基(即，C1-6表示1-6个碳)。烷基的例子包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙 基、正丁基、叔丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、正戊基、正己基等。
术语“环烷基”是指具有指定环原子数(例如，C3-6环烷基具有3-6个环原子)并且完全饱和的烃环。“环烷基”也指双环和多环烃环，例如双环[2.2.1]庚烷、双环[2.2.2]辛烷等。
烷基(包括通常称为亚烷基，烯基，炔基和环烷基的那些基团)的取代基可以是选自下组的各种基团：卤素、烷基(如C1-4烷基)、卤代烷基(如C1-4卤代烷基)。
对于本文提供的化合物，从取代基(通常为R基团)到环的中心的键将被理解为是指连接至环的任何可用顶点的键。
如本文所用，术语“含有”、“包含”或“包括”表示各种成分可一起应用于本发明的混合物或组合物中。因此，术语“主要由...组成”和“由...组成”包含在术语“含有”中。
如本文所用，术语“药学上可接受的”成分是指适用于人和/或动物而无过度不良副反应(如毒性、刺激和变态反应)，即有合理的效益/风险比的物质。
除非特别说明，本发明中，所有出现的化合物均意在包括所有可能的光学异构体，如单一手性的化合物，或各种不同手性化合物的混合物(即外消旋体)。本发明的所有化合物之中，各手性碳原子可以任选地为R构型或S构型，或R构型和S构型的混合物。
如本文所用，术语“杂原子”意在包括氧(O)、氮(N)、硫(S)。
本发明的某些化合物拥有不对称碳原子(光学中心)或双键；消旋体、非对映体、几何异构体、区域异构体和单独的异构体(例如，分离的对映体)均应包括在本发明范围内。当本文提供的化合物具有确定的立体化学(表示为R或S，或具有虚线或楔形键指明)时，被本领域技术人员将理解那些化合物为基本上不含其他异构体(例如至少80％，90％，95％，98％，99％和至多100％不含其他异构体)。
本发明化合物还可在构成此类化合物的一个或多个同位素原子处含有非天然比例的原子同位素。某同位素的非天然比例可以定义为从所讨论原子的天然发现的量到100％该原子的量。例如，化合物可以掺入放射性同位素，例如氚(3H)、碘-125(125I)或碳-14(14C)，或非放射性同位素，例如氘(2H)或碳-13(13C)。除了本申请所述的那些用途，此类同位素变体可提供额外的用途。例如，本发明化合物的同位素变体可以有额外的用途，包括但不限于作为诊断的和/或成像试剂，或作为细胞毒性/放射毒性治疗剂。另外，本发明化合物的同位素变体可具有改变的药代动力学和药效学特征，从而有助于增加治疗期间的安全性、耐受性或疗效。无论是否有放射性，本发明化合物的所有同位素变体均应包括在本发明范围内。
活性成分
如本文所用，术语“本发明化合物”或“本发明化合物”指本文中式(A)、式(A1)、式(A2)、式(B)、式(C1)或式(C1)所示的化合物。该术语还包括及式(A)或者式(A1)、式(A2)、式(B)、式(C1)或式(C1)化合物的各种晶型形式、药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂合物。
其中，术语“药学上可接受的盐”指本发明化合物与酸或碱所形成的适合用作药物的盐。药学上可接受的盐包括无机盐和有机盐。一类优选的盐是本发明化合物与酸形成的盐。适合形成盐的酸包括但并不限于：盐酸、氢溴酸、氢氟酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸等无机酸；甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、丙酸、草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、马来酸、乳酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、苦味酸、苯甲酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、苯磺酸、 萘磺酸等有机酸；以及脯氨酸、苯丙氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸等氨基酸。另一类优选的盐是本发明化合物与碱形成的盐，例如碱金属盐(例如钠盐或钾盐)、碱土金属盐(例如镁盐或钙盐)、铵盐(如低级的烷醇铵盐以及其它药学上可接受的胺盐)，例如甲胺盐、乙胺盐、丙胺盐、二甲基胺盐、三甲基胺盐、二乙基胺盐、三乙基胺盐、叔丁基胺盐、乙二胺盐、羟乙胺盐、二羟乙胺盐、三羟乙胺盐，以及分别由吗啉、哌嗪、赖氨酸形成的胺盐。
术语“溶剂合物”指本发明化合物与溶剂分子配位形成特定比例的配合物。“水合物”是指本发明化合物与水进行配位形成的配合物。
此外，本发明化合物还包括式(A)、式(A1)、式(A2)、式(B)、式(C1)或式(C1)所示的化合物的前药。术语“前药”包括其本身可以是具有生物学活性的或非活性的，当用适当的方法服用后，其在人体内进行代谢或化学反应而转变成式(A)、式(A1)、式(A2)、式(B)、式(C1)或式(C1)的一类化合物，或式(A)、式(A1)、式(A2)、式(B)、式(C1)或式(C1)的一个化合物所组成的盐或溶液。所述的前药包括(但不局限于)所述化合物的羧酸酯、碳酸酯、磷酸酯、硝酸酯、硫酸酯、砜酯、亚砜酯、氨基化合物、氨基甲酸盐、偶氮化合物、磷酰胺、葡萄糖苷、醚、乙缩醛等形式。
制备方法
本文中具体地描述本发明式(A)结构化合物的制备方法，但这些具体方法不对本发明构成任何限制。本发明化合物还可以任选将在本说明书中描述的或本领域已知的各种合成方法组合起来而方便地制得，这样的组合可由本发明所属领域的技术人员容易地进行。
药物组合物和施用方法
由于本发明化合物具有优异的对PARP1的选择抑制活性和抗肿瘤活性，因此，本发明化合物及其各种晶型，药学上可接受的无机或有机盐，水合物或溶剂合物，以及含有本发明化合物为主要活性成分的药物组合物可用于治疗、预防以及改善与PARP1相关或者由PARP1介导的疾病或者治疗自身免疫炎症和肿瘤等。根据现有技术，本发明化合物可用于治疗以下疾病：癌症、心血管疾病、炎症疾病、脓毒症、纤维化疾病(如疤痕等)、糖尿病、脂肪肝、脑神经疾病、渐冻症、重症肌无力、精神性疾病、精神分裂症、癫痫、睡眠失调、脑损伤、脑卒中、神经精神性狼疮、中枢神经系统肿瘤、亨廷顿舞蹈症、疼痛、发痒、抑郁症、帕金森、老年痴呆、骨质疏松症、眼疾、病毒感染、皮肤炎性疾病、肺部炎性疾病、肺动脉高压、哮喘、关节炎症、肠炎、器官移植抗缩主病。所述的癌症可以是乳腺癌、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、前列腺癌、血癌、脑瘤、肉瘤、胃肠道癌(如胃癌和结直肠癌)或肺癌。
在本文中，术语“选择性”是指对指定靶标(如PARP1)的活性或效力(如抑制活性)高于对其他靶标(如PARP2)的活性或效力(如抑制活性)；例如，对指定靶标(如PARP1)的活性或效力(如抑制活性)是对其他靶标(如PARP2)的活性或效力(如抑制活性)至少10倍。例如，以IC50值来定量酶学抑制活性时，IC50其他/IC50PARP1>10(＞20、＞50)，其中，IC50PARP1是指本发明化合物对PARP1的酶学抑制活性IC50(例如以本文测试例1方法测得的IC50值)，IC50其他是指本发明的化合物对下述一种或多种酶的抑制活性IC50(nM)：PARP2。
本发明的药物组合物包含安全有效量或治疗有效量范围内的本发明化合物或其药理上可接受的盐及药理上可以接受的赋形剂或载体。其中“安全有效量”指的是：化合物的量足以明显改善病情，而不至于产生严重的副作用。通常，药物组合物含有0.01-500mg本发明化合物/剂，更佳地，含有0.01-200mg本发明化合物/剂。较佳地，所述的“一剂”为一个胶囊或药片。
“药学上可以接受的载体”指的是：一种或多种相容性固体或液体填料或凝胶物质，它们适合于人使用，而且必须有足够的纯度和足够低的毒性。“相容性”在此指的是组合物中各组份能和本发明的化合物以及它们之间相互掺和，而不明显降低化合物的药效。药学上可以接受的载体部分例子有纤维素及其衍生物(如羧甲基纤维素钠、乙基纤维素钠、纤维素乙酸酯等)、明胶、滑石、固体润滑剂(如硬脂酸、硬脂酸镁)、硫酸钙、植物油(如豆油、芝麻油、花生油、橄榄油等)、多元醇(如丙二醇、甘油、甘露醇、山梨醇等)、乳化剂(如)、润湿剂(如十二烷基硫酸钠)、着色剂、调味剂、稳定剂、抗氧化剂、防腐剂、无热原水等。
本发明化合物或药物组合物的施用方式没有特别限制，代表性的施用方式包括(但并不限于)：口服、瘤内、直肠、肠胃外(静脉内、肌肉内或皮下)、和局部给药。
用于口服给药的固体剂型包括胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂、散剂和颗粒剂。在这些固体剂型中，活性化合物与至少一种常规惰性赋形剂(或载体)混合，如柠檬酸钠或磷酸二钙，或与下述成分混合：(a)填料或增容剂，例如，淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇和硅酸；(b)粘合剂，例如，羟甲基纤维素、藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、蔗糖和阿拉伯胶；(c)保湿剂，例如，甘油；(d)崩解剂，例如，琼脂、碳酸钙、马铃薯淀粉或木薯淀粉、藻酸、某些复合硅酸盐、和碳酸钠；(e)缓溶剂，例如石蜡；(f)吸收加速剂，例如，季胺化合物；(g)润湿剂，例如鲸蜡醇和单硬脂酸甘油酯；(h)吸附剂，例如，高岭土；和(i)润滑剂，例如，滑石、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、固体聚乙二醇、十二烷基硫酸钠，或其混合物。胶囊剂、片剂和丸剂中，剂型也可包含缓冲剂。
固体剂型如片剂、糖丸、胶囊剂、丸剂和颗粒剂可采用包衣和壳材制备，如肠衣和其它本领域公知的材料。它们可包含不透明剂，并且，这种组合物中活性化合物或化合物的释放可以延迟的方式在消化道内的某一部分中释放。可采用的包埋组分的实例是聚合物质和蜡类物质。必要时，活性化合物也可与上述赋形剂中的一种或多种形成微胶囊形式。
用于口服给药的液体剂型包括药学上可接受的乳液、溶液、悬浮液、糖浆或酊剂。除了活性化合物外，液体剂型可包含本领域中常规采用的惰性稀释剂，如水或其它溶剂，增溶剂和乳化剂，例知，乙醇、异丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、二甲基甲酰胺以及油，特别是棉籽油、花生油、玉米胚油、橄榄油、蓖麻油和芝麻油或这些物质的混合物等。
除了这些惰性稀释剂外，组合物也可包含助剂，如润湿剂、乳化剂和悬浮剂、甜味剂、矫味剂和香料。
除了活性化合物外，悬浮液可包含悬浮剂，例如，乙氧基化异十八烷醇、聚氧乙烯山梨醇和脱水山梨醇酯、微晶纤维素、甲醇铝和琼脂或这些物质的混合物等。
用于肠胃外注射的组合物可包含生理上可接受的无菌含水或无水溶液、分散液、悬浮液或乳液，和用于重新溶解成无菌的可注射溶液或分散液的无菌粉末。适宜的含水和非水载体、稀释剂、溶剂或赋形剂包括水、乙醇、多元醇及其适宜的混合物。
用于局部给药的本发明化合物的剂型包括软膏剂、散剂、贴剂、喷射剂和吸入剂。活性成分在无菌条件下与生理上可接受的载体及任何防腐剂、缓冲剂，或必要时可能需要的推进剂一起混合。
本发明化合物可以单独给药，或者与其他药学上可接受的化合物联合给药。例如，本发明的化合物可作为抗肿瘤药物的增敏剂与至少一种另外的抗肿瘤药物联合给药。另外的抗肿瘤药物可以是靶向药物或化疗和放射治疗的药物(如卡铂、紫杉醇、替莫唑胺等),和质子治疗。
使用药物组合物时，是将安全有效量的本发明化合物适用于需要治疗的哺乳动物(如人)，其中施用时剂量为药学上认为的有效给药剂量，对于60kg体重的人而言，日给药剂量通常为0.01～500mg，优选0.01～200mg。当然，具体剂量还应考虑给药途径、病人健康状况等因素，这些都是熟练医师技能范围之内的。
本发明的主要优点包括：
1.本发明的化合物具有优异的选择性。相比于PARP2，本发明的化合物具有更优异的对PARP1的抑制活性。因此，本发明的化合物具有更低的毒性和更优异的透脑性。
2.本发明的化合物在具有优异的选择性的同时具有优异的透脑性。
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法，通常按照常规条件，或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。除非另外说明，否则百分比和份数是重量百分比和重量份数。
A.制备实施例
实施例1：化合物1的合成
步骤A
将化合物1a(3g，12.80mmol)，三丁基锡甲醇(4.93g，15.36mmol)和XPhos Pd  G2(1.01g，1.28mmol)依次溶于1,4-二氧六环(100mL)中，氮气保护，80℃搅拌4小时。LCMS监控，反应完成后，减压浓缩，残留物加乙酸乙酯稀释(100mL)，用水洗涤(50mL×2)，饱和氯化铵洗涤(50mL)，无水硫酸钠干燥，减压浓缩，柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯1/1)，得黄色固体化合物1b(2g，84.2％)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δppm 7.42–7.24(m,1H),6.88(s,2H),6.74(dd,J＝8.8,1.4Hz,1H),5.15(t,J＝5.7Hz,1H),4.37(dd,J＝5.7,1.6Hz,2H).LCMS:169.1[M-16]+.
步骤B
将化合物1b(2g，10.7mmol)溶于乙腈(110mL)中，加入溴化铜(3.25g，14.55mmol)，冰浴搅拌下滴加亚硝酸叔丁酯(3g，29.10mmol)，氮气保护，室温搅拌1小时。LCMS监控，反应完成后减压浓缩，残留物加乙酸乙酯稀释(100mL)，用水洗涤(50mL x 2)，饱和食盐水洗涤(50mL)，无水硫酸钠干燥，减压浓缩，柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯3/1)，得黄色固体化合物1c(2.18g，75.7％)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δppm 7.78–7.75(m,1H),7.70–7.66(m,1H),5.62(s,1H),4.59(s,2H).
步骤C
将化合物1c(2.0g，8.03mmol)，铁粉(2.35g，42mmol)和氯化铵(2.25g，42mmol)依次加入到乙醇和水的混合溶液中(40mL：10mL)，70℃搅拌5小时。LCMS监控，反应完成后过滤，减压浓缩，残留物加乙酸乙酯稀释(50mL)，用水洗涤(30mL×2)，饱和氯化铵洗涤(30mL)，无水硫酸钠干燥，减压浓缩，柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯3/1)，得黄色固体化合物1d(1.7g，96.25％)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δppm 7.19–7.16(m,1H),6.61-6.57(m,1H),5.21-5.18(m,3H),4.45(d,J＝4.8Hz,2H).LCMS:219.9,221.9[M+1]+.
步骤D
将化合物1d(1.3g，5.91mmol)，咪唑(0.6g，8.86mmol)依次加入到N,N-二甲基甲酰 胺(40ml)中，0℃加入叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷(1.07g,7.09mmol)，室温搅拌1小时。LCMS监控，反应完成后加水(100mL)稀释，乙酸乙酯萃取(3 x 50mL)，有机相用水洗涤(30mL×3)，饱和氯化铵洗涤(30mL)，无水硫酸钠干燥，减压浓缩，柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯20/1)，得白色固体化合物1e(2g，95.24％)。LCMS:333.9,335.9[M+1]+.
步骤E
化合物1e(2g，6mmol)溶于吡啶(20ml)中，0℃下滴加甲基丙烯酰氯(0.69g，6.6mmol)，氮气保护，室温搅拌2小时。LCMS监控，反应完成后减压浓缩，残留物加乙酸乙酯稀释(50mL)，用1N稀盐酸洗涤(20mL×2)，饱和氯化铵洗涤(20mL)，无水硫酸钠干燥，减压浓缩，柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯20/1)，得白色固体化合物1f(1.5g，65.80％)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δppm 9.68(s,1H),7.61–7.58(m,1H),7.38(t,J＝7.6Hz,1H),5.96(s,1H),5.61(s,1H),4.76(s,2H),1.99(s,3H),0.95–0.94(m.9H),0.14(s.6H).LCMS:401.9,403.9[M+1]+.
步骤F
将化合物1f(1.5g，3.7mmol)，N,N-二异丙基乙胺(1.43g，11.1mmol)，三苯基膦(0.1g，0.37mmol)和醋酸钯(0.04g，0.19mmol)依次溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(30ml)中，氮气保护，100℃反应2小时。LCMS监控，反应完成后加水(100mL)稀释，乙酸乙酯萃取(3×50mL)，有机相用水洗涤(30mL×3)，饱和氯化铵洗涤(30mL)，无水硫酸钠干燥，减压浓缩，柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯10/1)，得白色固体化合物1g(740mg，62.16％)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δppm 11.58(s,1H),7.55(d,J＝8.4Hz,1H),7.26–7.22(m,1H),6.44(s,1H),4.85(s,2H),2.5-2.4(s，3H)0.91(s,9H),0.10(s,6H)。LCMS:322.0[M+1]+.
步骤G
将化合物1g(700mg，2.18mmol)依次溶于四氢呋喃(10ml)中，加入四丁基氟化铵(854mg，3.27mmol)，氮气保护，室温搅拌2小时。LCMS监控，反应完成减压浓缩，残留 物用乙醚打浆，过滤得到类白色固体粗品化合物1h(350mg),无需纯化，直接用于下一步反应。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δppm 11.58(s,1H),7.54–7.52(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),7.29–7.25(s,1H),6.41(d,J＝1.2Hz,1H),5.42(s,1H),4.64(s,2H),2.40(s,3H).LCMS:208.0[M+1]+.
步骤H
将化合物1h(300mg，1.45mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(10ml)中，随后加入三溴化磷(588mg，2.18mmol)，氮气保护，室温反应2小时。LCMS监控，反应完成减压浓缩，残留物用乙醚打浆，过滤得到类白色固体粗品化合物1i(350mg)，无需纯化，直接用于下一步反应。LCMS:269.9,271.9[M+1]+.
步骤I
将化合物1i(200mg，0.74mmol)溶于乙腈(10ml)中，加入化合物1j(196mg，0.89mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(287mg，2.22mmol)，氮气保护，70℃反应12小时。LCMS监控，反应完成后减压浓缩，高效液相制备色谱分离[(Gemini-C18柱,5μ二氧化硅,21mm直径,150mm长),水(0.1％TFA)和MeCN作为洗脱液(5-40％)]，得到白色固体化合物1(38mg，12.5％)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 11.57(s,1H),8.41–8.38(m,1H),8.26(d,J＝2.7Hz,1H),7.82(d,J＝8.8Hz,1H),7.53(d,J＝8.3Hz,1H),7.38(dd,J＝8.8,2.8Hz,1H),7.27–7.21(m,1H),6.45(s,1H),3.69(s,2H),3.45-3.35(s,4H),2.78(d,J＝4.8Hz,3H),2.59–2.55(m,4H),2.43(s,3H).LCMS:410.0[M+1]+.
实施例2化合物2的合成
步骤A：
将化合物2a(5g,13.1mmol)，二氟化银(11.8g,80.6mmol)依次加入到含有100mL乙腈的圆底烧瓶内，氮气保护，避光室温搅拌20小时。LCMS监测，反应完成后，过滤，滤液浓缩。加入200mL乙酸乙酯，水(100mL)洗涤，有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥，减压浓缩，柱层析分离(乙酸乙酯/石油醚,1/10,v/v)，得白色固体化合物2b(3.6g，59.7％)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δppm 8.12(t,J＝8.1Hz,1H),7.90(dd,J＝7.9,1.3Hz,1H),3.98(s,3H).LCMS:233.9,235.9[M+H]+.
步骤B
将化合物2b(1g,4.32mmol)，化合物2c(0.83g,4.8mmol)，1,1'-联萘-2,2'-双二苯膦(0.3g,0.48mmol)，三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0.44g,0.48mmol)，碳酸铯(1.88g,5.76mmol)依次加入到含有1,4-二氧六环(30mL)的圆底烧瓶内，氮气保护，100℃搅拌16小时。LCMS监测，反应完成后，减压浓缩，加水稀释(100mL)，乙酸乙酯萃取(80mL×3)，合并萃取液，饱和食盐水洗涤，无水硫酸钠干燥，减压浓缩，柱层析分离，(石油醚/乙酸乙酯,5/1)，得白色固体化合物2d(0.9g,54.2％)。LCMS:326.1[M+H]+.
步骤C
化合物2d(800mg,2.45mmol)加入到含甲醇(3mL)和四氢呋喃(4mL)的圆底烧瓶内，搅拌下加入2N氢氧化钠水溶液(30mL)，室温搅拌16小时。LCMS监测，反应完成后，浓缩反应液，加10mL水稀释，并用3M的HCl调pH＝4。乙酸乙酯萃取(100mL×3)，合并萃取液，饱和食盐水洗涤，无水硫酸钠干燥，减压浓缩，得白色固体化合物2e(750mg，88.17％)。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD):δppm 7.88(dd,J＝8.1,1.2Hz,1H),6.97(dd,J＝10.2,8.2Hz,1H),4.46-4.17(m,3H),3.85(dd,J＝7.9,3.8Hz,2H),1.42(s,9H).LCMS:256.0[M-56]+.
步骤D
将化合物2e(750mg,2.4mmol)，甲氨盐酸盐(194.6mg,2.88mmol)，HATU(1.09g,2.88mmol)，N,N-二异丙基乙胺(620.7mg,4.80mmol)依次加入到含有N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(30mL)的圆底烧瓶内，70℃搅拌16小时。LCMS监测，反应完成后，加水稀释(50mL)，乙酸乙酯萃取(80mL×3)，合并萃取液，饱和食盐水洗涤，无水硫酸钠干燥，减压浓缩，柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯,2/3)，得白色的固体化合物2f(800mg，92.1％)。LCMS:325.1[M+H]+.
步骤E
将化合物2f(800mg,2.46mmol)加入到含有20mL二氯甲烷的圆底烧瓶内，室温搅拌下加入三氟乙酸(3mL)，室温搅拌16小时。LCMS监测，反应完成后，减压浓缩，得淡黄色固体化合物2g(600mg，97.9％)。LCMS:225.1[M+H]+.
步骤F：
将化合物1i(100mg，0.37mmol)溶于乙腈(10ml)中，加入化合物2g(124mg，0.56mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(191mg，1.48mmol)，氮气保护，70℃反应12小时。LCMS监控，反应完成后减压浓缩，高效液相制备色谱分离[(Gemini-C18柱,5μ二氧化硅,21mm直径,150mm长),水(0.1％TFA)和MeCN作为洗脱液(5-40％)]，得到白色固体化合物2(37mg，24.2％)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 11.67(s,1H),8.26–8.17(m,1H),7.72(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),7.54(d,J＝8.3Hz,1H),7.28–7.17(m,1H),7.10(dd,J＝10.4,8.3Hz,1H),6.94(d,J＝5.9Hz,1H),6.47(s,1H),4.27–4.17(m,1H),4.05–3.85(m,4H),3.32–3.20(m,2H),2.74(d,J＝4.8Hz,3H),2.42(s,3H).LCMS:414.2[M+1]+.
实施例3：化合物3的合成
将化合物1i(200mg，0.74mmol)溶于乙腈(10mL)中，加入化合物3a(212mg，0.89mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(287mg，2.22mmol)，氮气保护，70℃反应12小时。LCMS监控，反应完成后减压浓缩，高效液相制备色谱分离[(Gemini-C18柱,5μ二氧化硅,21mm直径,150mm长),水(0.1％FA)和MeCN作为洗脱液(5-40％)]，得到白色固体化合物3(34mg，10.7％)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 11.57(s,1H),8.40(d,J＝4.9Hz,1H),7.84(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),7.59–7.50(m,2H),7.28–7.21(m,1H),6.45(s,1H),3.70(s,2H),3.19–3.14(m,4H),2.76(d,J＝4.8Hz,3H),2.61–2.56(m,4H),2.43(s,3H).LCMS:428.0[M+1]+.
实施例4：化合物4的合成
步骤A
将化合物2a(1.25g,5.8mmol)，化合物2c(1g,5.8mmol)，1,1'-联萘-2,2'-双二苯膦(0.36g,5.8mmol)，三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0.53g,0.58mmol)，碳酸铯(2.27g,6.96mmol)依次加入到含有100mL 1,4-二氧六环的圆底烧瓶内，氮气保护，100℃搅拌16小时。LCMS监测，反应完成后，冷却至室温。加水稀释(100mL)，乙酸乙酯萃取(200mL×3)，合并萃取液，饱和食盐水洗涤，无水硫酸钠干燥，减压浓缩，柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯,2/3)，得到淡黄色的固体化合物4a(0.9g，44.83％)。LCMS:308.1[M+H]+.
步骤B
化合物4a(400mg,1.30mmol)加入到含有甲醇(3mL)和四氢呋喃(4mL)的圆底烧瓶内，搅拌下加入2N氢氧化钠水溶液(3mL)，室温搅拌16小时。LCMS监测，反应完成后，浓缩反应液，加10mL水稀释，并用3M的HCl调pH＝4。乙酸乙酯萃取(50mL×3)，合并萃取液，饱和食盐水洗涤，无水硫酸钠干燥，减压浓缩，得淡黄色的固体化合物4b(350mg,82.50％)。LCMS:294.1[M+H]+.
步骤C
将化合物4b(400mg,1.36mmol)，甲氨盐酸盐(110.11mg,1.63mmol)，HATU(620.08mg,1.63mmol)，N,N-二异丙基乙胺(351.27mg,2.72mmol)依次加入到含有20mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的圆底烧瓶内，温室搅拌16小时。LCMS监测，反应完成后，加入40mL水稀释，乙酸乙酯萃取(30mL×3)，合并萃取液，无水硫酸钠干燥，柱层析分离，(石油醚/乙酸乙酯,1/5)，得白色固体化合4c(400mg，86.2％)。LCMS:307.2[M+H]+.
步骤D
将化合物4c(400mg,1.30mmol)加入到含有20mL二氯甲烷的圆底烧瓶内，室温搅拌下加入三氟乙酸(4mL)，室温搅拌16小时。LCMS监测，反应完成后，减压浓缩，得到黄色的油状物化合物4d(270mg,90.5％)。LCMS:207.2[M+H]+.
步骤E
将化合物1i(100mg，0.37mmol)溶于乙腈(10ml)中，加入化合物4d(115mg，0.56mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(191mg，1.48mmol)，氮气保护，70℃反应12小时。LCMS 监控，反应完成后减压浓缩，高效液相制备色谱分离[(Gemini-C18柱,5μ二氧化硅,21mm直径,150mm长),水(0.1％TFA)和MeCN作为洗脱液(5-40％)]，得到白色固体化合物4(35mg，23.8％)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 11.61(s,1H),8.30(q,J＝4.6Hz,1H),7.89(d,J＝2.6Hz,1H),7.73(d,J＝8.6Hz,1H),7.51(d,J＝8.2Hz,1H),7.19(dd,J＝8.1,6.8Hz,1H),7.01–6.87(m,2H),6.45(d,J＝1.1Hz,1H),4.18–4.03(m,1H),3.78(s,2H),3.73(t,J＝6.8Hz,2H),3.02(t,J＝6.4Hz,2H),2.76(d,J＝4.8Hz,3H),2.42(s,3H).LCMS:396.0[M+1]+.
实施例5：化合物5的合成
步骤A
将化合物1e(1.5g，4.49mmol)溶于吡啶(25mL)中，0℃下滴加乙基丙烯酰氯(0.80g，6.7mmol)，氮气保护，室温搅拌12小时。LCMS监控，反应完成后减压浓缩，残留物加乙酸乙酯稀释(50mL)，用1N稀盐酸洗涤(20mL×2)，饱和氯化铵洗涤(20mL)，无水硫酸钠干燥，减压浓缩，柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯20/1)，得白色固体化合物5a(1.8g，98.21％)。LCMS:415.9,418.0[M+H]+.
步骤B
将化合物5a(1.8g，4.32mmol)，N,N-二异丙基乙胺(1.68g，12.97mmol)，三苯基膦(0.113g，0.432mmol)和醋酸钯(0.04g，0.22mmol)依次溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(30mL)中，氮气保护，100℃反应36小时。LCMS监控，反应完成后加水(50mL)稀释，乙酸乙酯萃取(3×50mL)，有机相用水洗涤(30mL×3)，饱和氯化铵洗涤(30mL)，无水硫酸钠干燥，减压浓缩，柱层析分离(石油醚/乙酸乙酯10/1)，得白色固体化合物5b(490mg，33.79％)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δppm 11.59(s,1H),7.61(d,J＝8.4Hz,1H),7.26–7.22(m,1H),6.40(s,1H),4.85(s,2H),2.83(q,J＝7.6Hz,2H),1.23(t,J＝7.4Hz,3H),0.91(s,9H),0.10(s,6H).LCMS:336.0[M+H]+.
步骤C
将化合物5b(690mg，2.06mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(10mL)中，加入四丁基氟化铵(1M in THF,2.47mL,2.47mmol)，氮气保护，室温搅拌2小时。LCMS监控，反应完成减压浓缩，残留物用乙醚打浆，过滤得到类白色固体粗品化合物5c(390mg)，无需纯化，直接用于下一步反应。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δppm 11.57(s,1H),7.76–7.71(m,1H),7.59–7.57(m,1H),7.29–7.25(m,1H),6.39(s，1H)，4.64–4.63(m,2H),3-2.8(m，2H)，1.23(t,J＝7.4Hz,3H).LCMS:222[M+H]+.
步骤D
将化合物5c(390mg，1.88mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(10mL)中，随后加入三溴化磷(764.2mg，2.82mmol)，氮气保护，室温反应2小时。LCMS监控，反应完成减压浓缩，残留物用乙醚打浆，过滤得到类白色固体粗品化合物5d(460mg)，无需纯化，直接用于下一步反应。LCMS:284.0,286.0[M+H]+.
步骤E
将化合物5d(50mg，0.177mmol)溶于乙腈(10ml)中，加入化合物1j(46mg，0.21mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(45mg，0.35mmol)，氮气保护，70℃反应12小时。LCMS监控，反应完成后减压浓缩，高效液相制备色谱分离[(Gemini-C18柱,5μ二氧化硅,21mm直径,150mm长),水(0.1％TFA)和MeCN作为洗脱液(5-40％)]，得到白色固体化合物5(22mg，29.3％)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 11.57(br.s,1H),8.37–8.34(m,1H),8.21(s,1H),7.77(d,J＝8.8Hz,1H),7.53(d,J＝8.4Hz,1H),7.35–7.32(m,1H),7.19(t,J＝7.2Hz,1H),6.37(s,1H),3.64(s,2H),3.29–3.27(m,4H),2.80–2.76(m,2H),2.74–2.73(m,3H),2.54–2.51(m,4H),1.20(t,J＝7.6Hz,3H).LCMS:424.1[M+H]+.
实施例6：化合物6的合成
将化合物5d(50mg，0.177mmol)溶于乙腈(10mL)中，加入化合物2g(47mg，0.21mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(45mg，0.35mmol)，氮气保护，70℃反应12小时。LCMS监控，反应完成后减压浓缩，高效液相制备色谱分离[(Gemini-C18柱,5μ二氧化硅,21mm直径,150mm长),水(0.1％TFA)和MeCN作为洗脱液(5-40％)]，得白色固体化合物6(12.2mg，16.1％)。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δppm 7.77(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),7.64(d,J＝7.6Hz,1H),7.27(t,J＝7.2Hz,1H),7.03–6.98(m,1H),6.52(s,1H),4.27–4.20(m,1H),3.98(s,2H),3.95–3.92(m,2H),3.38–3.35(m,2H),2.93–2.87(m,2H),2.86(s,3H),1.31(t,J＝7.2Hz,3H).LCMS:428.1[M+H]+.
实施例7：化合物7的合成
将化合物5d(300mg，1.05mmol)溶于乙腈(20mL)中，加入化合物3a(302mg，1.27mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(273mg，2.1mmol)，氮气保护，70℃反应12小时。LCMS监控，反应完成后减压浓缩，高效液相制备色谱分离[(Gemini-C18柱,5μ二氧化硅,21mm直径,150mm长),水(0.1％TFA)和MeCN作为洗脱液(5-40％)]，得白色固体化合物7(220mg，47.5％)。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δppm 7.86–7.85(m,1H),7.64-7.62(m,1H),7.48–7.45(m,1H),7.36–7.33(m,1H),6.51(s,1H),3.77(s,2H),3.24–3.22(m,4H),2.94–2.91(m,2H),2.88(s,3H),2.70–2.67(m,4H),1.32(t,J＝7.6Hz,3H).LCMS:442.0[M+H]+.
实施例8：化合物8的合成
将化合物5d(50mg，0.177mmol)溶于乙腈(10ml)中，加入化合物4d(44mg，0.21mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(45mg，0.35mmol)，氮气保护，70℃反应12小时。LCMS监控，反应完成后减压浓缩，高效液相制备色谱分离[(Gemini-C18柱,5μ二氧化硅,21mm直径,150mm长),水(0.1％TFA)和MeCN作为洗脱液(5-40％)]，得到白色固体化合物8(16.6mg，22.9％)。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δppm 7.97(d,J＝2.8Hz,1H),7.86(d,J＝8.8Hz,1H),7.74(dd,J＝8.4Hz,6.8Hz,1H),7.36–7.32(m,1H),7.02–6.99(m,1H),6.58(s,1H),4.67(s,2H),4.64–4.56(m,3H),4.18–4.16(m,2H),2.95–2.89(m,5H),1.32(t,J＝7.6Hz,3H).LCMS:410.2[M+H]+.
B.测试实施例
测试例1：对PARP酶的抑制活性测试
1.实验材料：
PARP化学荧光检测试剂盒购自BPS Bioscience；EnVision多标记分析仪(珀金埃尔默(PerkinElmer))。
2.实验步骤：
试剂配制：
PBST缓冲液配制：1xPBS中包含0.05％Tween-20，即10mL PBS中加入5μL 100％Tween-20
1X测试缓冲液配制：将10xPARP测试缓冲液用双蒸水进行10倍稀释
化合物配制：
化合物溶液配制：将待测化合物用100％DMSO进行5倍稀释至第8个浓度，即从1000μM稀释至12.8nM。内控化合物使用100％DMSO进行5倍稀释至第8个浓度，即从200μM稀释至2.56nM。再用1x测试缓冲液将待测化合物各梯度稀释成DMSO为10％的工作液。
实验方法：
a)将试剂盒中的组蛋白溶液用1xPBS进行5倍稀释，取25μL/孔稀释液到微孔板中，置于4℃过夜孵育；
b)结束孵育后，弃去孔中液体，取100μL/孔PBST洗板3次，弃去孔中残留液体；
c)取100μL/孔封闭液到微孔板中，置于25℃孵育90分钟；结束孵育后，弃去孔中液体，取100μL/孔PBST洗板3次，弃去孔中残留液体；
d)取2.5μL/孔的化合物工作溶液到微孔板，设置双复孔实验；
e)将PARP酶稀释到2ng/μL，取10μL/孔加入到微孔板，此时待测化合物终浓度梯度为10μM至0.128nM，内控化合物终浓度梯度为2μM至0.0256nM，PARP(20ng/孔)，反应体系置于25℃孵育60分钟；
f)取12.5μL/孔底物混合溶液(1.25μL 10xPARP测试缓冲液；1.25μL 10xPARP测试混合液；2.5μl Activated DNA；7.5μL双蒸水)到微孔板；
g)结束孵育后，弃去孔中液体，取100μL/孔PBST洗板3次，弃去孔中残留液体；
h)将Streptavidin-HRP用封闭液进行50倍稀释，然后取25μL/孔到微孔板，置于25℃孵育30分钟；
i)结束孵育后，弃去孔中液体，取100μL/孔PBST洗板3次，弃去孔中残留液体；
j)按照1:1(v/v)混匀ELISA ECL底物A和ELISA ECL底物B，取50μL/孔到微孔板，读取化学发光值。
3.实验数据处理方法
利用方程式(Sample-Min)/(Max-Min)*100％将原始数据换算成酶活，IC50的值即可通过四参数进行曲线拟合得出(GraphPad Prism中log(inhibitor)vs.response--Variable slope模式得出)。Max：含有1％DMSO，PARP和底物混合溶液；Min：不含有PARP酶。
测试结果如表1所示，表1提供了本发明的化合物对PARP的酶学抑制活性。
测试例2：对DLD1-BRCA2KO细胞的抑制活性测试
实验材料：
DLD-1细胞购自南京科佰；DLD1-BRCA2KO细胞由武汉合研生物医药科技有限公司自行构建；1640培养基购自Biological Industries；胎牛血清购自Biosera，细胞活率化学发光检测试剂购自Promega公司。
实验方法：
细胞抗增殖实验：
将DLD1或DLD1 BRCA2 KO细胞种于白色96孔板中，80μL细胞悬液每孔，其中包含1000个DLD1或DLD1 BRCA2 KO细胞。细胞板置于二氧化碳培养箱中过夜培养。将待测化合物用排枪进5倍稀释至第8个浓度，即从2mM稀释至0.0256μM，设置双复孔实验。向中间板中加入78μL培养基，再按照对应位置，转移2μL每孔的梯度稀释化合物至中间板，混匀后转移20μL每孔到细胞板中。转移到细胞板中的化合物浓度范围是10μM至0.128nM。细胞板置于二氧化碳培养箱中培养7天。另准备一块细胞板，在加药当天读取信号值作为最大值(下面方程式中Max值)参与数据分析。向此细胞板每孔加入25μL细胞活率化学发光检测试剂，室温孵育10分钟使发光信号稳定。采用多标记分析仪读数。加入化合物的细胞板结束孵育后，向细胞板中加入每孔25μL的细胞活率化学发光检测试剂，室温孵育10分钟使发光信号稳定。采用多标记分析仪读数。
数据分析：
利用方程式(Sample-Min)/(Max-Min)*100％将原始数据换算成抑制率，IC50的值即可通过四参数进行曲线拟合得出(GraphPad Prism中"log(inhibitor)vs.response--Variable slope"模式得出)。
测试结果如表1所示，表1提供了本发明的化合物对DLD-1BRCA2KO细胞抑制活性。
表1
测试例3：化合物7在雌性B-NDG小鼠中透脑性基质测试
血浆样本和脑组织样本的药物浓度分析
本次研究的目的是评估雌性B-NDG小鼠单次静脉给药和口服给药化合物7，2小时，4小时和8小时后血浆样本和脑组织样本的药物浓度，其中静脉给药剂量为5mg/kg，口服给药为25mg/kg。通过液质联用仪器正离子(ESI)多反应离子监测(MRM)扫描模式检测化合物7血浆样本和脑组织匀浆样本的药物浓度，血浆样本检测线性范围为10-10000ng/mL,脑组织匀浆样本检测线性范围为0.5-500ng/mL.
小鼠血浆样本的分析过程：对于标准曲线，质控样品，单空白样品和未知样品，取样体积均为10uL，分别加入200uL甲醇：乙腈＝1：1(v/v)沉淀剂(含5ng/mL Buspirone的内标)，对于双空白样本，加入200uL甲醇：乙腈＝1：1(v/v)沉淀剂，样本涡旋1分钟，离心15分钟(4000rpm，4℃)后，获取上清溶液，采用含0.1％甲酸的水溶液作为稀释溶液，将上清溶液稀释2倍后用于LC-MS/MS分析。
小鼠脑组织匀浆样本：对于标准曲线，质控样品，单空白样品和未知样品，取样体积均为50uL，分别加入200uL甲醇：乙腈＝1：1(v/v)沉淀剂(含5ng/mL Buspirone的内标)，对于双空白样本，加入200uL甲醇：乙腈＝1：1(v/v)沉淀剂，样本涡旋1分钟，离心15分钟(4000rpm，4℃)后，获取上清溶液，采用含0.1％甲酸的水溶液作为稀释溶液，将上清溶液稀释2倍后用于LC-MS/MS分析。对比了解静脉给药和口服给药相应剂量后血浆和脑组织样本中的药物暴露量,测试结果如表2所示。
表2

在本发明提及的所有文献都在本申请中引用作为参考，就如同每一篇文献被单独引用作为参考那样。此外应理解，在阅读了本发明的上述讲授内容之后，本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物，其特征在于，所述的化合物如式A所示；
    其中，
    X1为如式M1或式M2所示的二价基团：
    (i)
    其中，W3和W4各自独立地为-(CH2)-、-(CH2)2-或-(CH2)3-；
    (ii)
    其中，W1和W2各自独立地为-(CH2)-或-(CH2)2-；
    R6选自下组：H、取代或未取代的C1-3烷基；
    R1选自下组：取代或未取代的C1-6烷基、取代或未取代的C3-6环烷基；
    R2选自下组：H、卤素、取代或未取代的C1-3烷基、取代或未取代的C3-6环烷基；
    R3选自下组：H、取代或未取代的C1-3烷基；
    R4和R5各自独立地选择下组：H、卤素；
    Ra1、Ra2、Ra3、Rc1和Rc2各自独立地选自下组：H、取代或未取代的C1-4烷基；
    除非特别说明，所述取代是指基团中一个或多个(如1、2或3个)氢被选自下组的取代基所述取代：氘(D)、卤素、C1-4烷基、C1-4卤代烷基。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的化合物，其特征在于，所述化合物如式B所示
    其中，R1、R2、R3和R4如式A中定义。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的化合物，其特征在于，所述的化合物具有下述一个或多个特征：
    (a)R1为取代或未取代的C1-6烷基；
    (b)R2选自下组：H、卤素、取代或未取代的C1-3烷基；
    (c)R3为取代或未取代的C1-3烷基；
    (d)R4为卤素。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的化合物，其特征在于，所述的化合物具有下述一个或多个特征：
    (a)R1为取代或未取代的C1-4烷基；
    (b)R2选自下组：H、卤素；较佳地，R2选自下组：H、F、Cl；
    (c)R3为C1-3烷基或氘代C1-3烷基；
    (d)R4选自下组：F、Cl、Br。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的化合物，其特征在于，所述的化合物具有下述一个或多个特征：
    (a)R1为甲基或乙基；
    (b)R2为H或F；
    (c)R3为甲基；
    (d)R4为F。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的化合物，其特征在于，所述化合物如式C1或式C2所示
    其中，R1、R2、R3和R4如式A中定义。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的化合物，其特征在于，所述化合物为选自表A的化合物：
    表A
  8. 一种如权利要求1所述的化合物的制备方法，其特征在于，包括步骤：
    (a)使式I中间体与式II中间体反应，从而得到式A所示的化合物；
    各式中，
    X2为如式M3或式M4所示的基团
    RP为H或氨基保护基；
    RH为活性反应基团；
    R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、Ra1、Ra2、Ra3、Rc1、Rc2、W1、W2、W3和W4如式A中定义。
  9. 一种药物组合物，包括：
    (i)如权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物，和(ii)药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂。
  10. 一种如权利要1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物在制备(i)用于治疗、改善或预防与PARP1相关的疾病和/或由PARP1介导的疾病的药物；和/或(ii)PARP1抑制剂；和/或(iii)用于治疗、改善或预防自身免疫炎症的药物或自身免疫炎症抑制剂；和/或(iv)肿瘤药物增敏剂中的用途。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的用途，其特征在于，
    所述与PARP1相关的疾病和/或由PARP1介导的疾病包括：心血管疾病、炎症疾病、纤维化疾病(如疤痕等)、糖尿病、脂肪肝、脑神经疾病、渐冻症、重症肌无力、精神性疾病、精神分裂症、癫痫、睡眠失调、脑损伤、脑卒中、神经精神性狼疮、中枢神经系统肿瘤、亨廷顿舞蹈症、疼痛、发痒、抑郁症、帕金森、老年痴呆、骨质疏松症、眼疾、病毒感染、皮肤炎性疾病、肺部炎性疾病、肺动脉高压、哮喘、关节炎、肠炎、器官移植抗缩主病；或者，
    所述与PARP1相关的疾病和/或由PARP1介导的疾病包括：自身免疫炎症和肿瘤；或者，
    所述与PARP1相关的疾病和/或由PARP1介导的疾病包括：乳腺癌、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、前列腺癌、血癌、脑瘤、肉瘤、胃肠道癌，或肺癌，或其组合。
  12. 一种药物组合，包括：
    (a)如权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物；以及
    (b)至少一种另外的抗肿瘤药物。
  13. 一种如权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物，其用于(i)治疗、改善或预防与PARP1相关的疾病和/或由PARP1介导的疾病的药物；和/或(ii)抑制PARP1；和/或(iii)治疗、改善或预防自身免疫炎症的药物或自身免疫炎症抑制剂；和/或(iv)增加对肿瘤药物的敏感性。
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