WO2020238233A1 - 一种高效、快速、绿色的沸石分子筛制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高效、快速、绿色的沸石分子筛制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2020238233A1
WO2020238233A1 PCT/CN2020/071075 CN2020071075W WO2020238233A1 WO 2020238233 A1 WO2020238233 A1 WO 2020238233A1 CN 2020071075 W CN2020071075 W CN 2020071075W WO 2020238233 A1 WO2020238233 A1 WO 2020238233A1
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zeolite molecular
molecular sieve
preparation
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aluminum
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王殳凹
张明星
陈俊畅
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苏州大学
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    • C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
    • C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
    • C01B39/20—Faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
    • C01B39/205—Faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y using at least one organic template directing agent; Hexagonal faujasite; Intergrowth products of cubic and hexagonal faujasite
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    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
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    • C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
    • C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
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    • C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
    • C01B39/04—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof using at least one organic template directing agent, e.g. an ionic quaternary ammonium compound or an aminated compound
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    • C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
    • C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
    • C01B39/14—Type A
    • C01B39/145—Type A using at least one organic template directing agent
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    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
    • C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
    • C01B39/14—Type A
    • C01B39/16—Type A from aqueous solutions of an alkali metal aluminate and an alkali metal silicate excluding any other source of alumina or silica but seeds
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    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
    • C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
    • C01B39/20—Faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
    • C01B39/22—Type X
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    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
    • C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
    • C01B39/46—Other types characterised by their X-ray diffraction pattern and their defined composition
    • C01B39/48—Other types characterised by their X-ray diffraction pattern and their defined composition using at least one organic template directing agent
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    • C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
    • C01B39/54—Phosphates, e.g. APO or SAPO compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
    • C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of molecular sieve preparation, in particular to an efficient, fast and green preparation method of zeolite molecular sieve.
  • Zeolite molecular sieve refers to a kind of inorganic crystalline material with regular pore structure, certain trend and definite pore size.
  • the main composition includes aluminum, silicon, oxygen, phosphorus and other metal cations.
  • the structure is generally composed of TO 4 (T is mainly Al, Si , P) Three-dimensional network skeleton structure composed of tetrahedrons.
  • zeolite molecular sieves can be divided into silica alumina zeolite molecular sieves, aluminum phosphorus zeolite molecular sieves, silicalite molecular sieves, etc.
  • zeolite molecular sieves Due to its regular pore size distribution and rich topological structure, zeolite molecular sieves have the properties of adsorption, catalysis, ion exchange, acid and alkali resistance, and are usually used as adsorption separators, catalysts, ion exchangers, desiccants, feed additives, etc.
  • the field is very wide, involving industry, agriculture, national defense and other sectors.
  • the synthesis methods of zeolite molecular sieves mainly include hydrothermal synthesis, ionic thermal synthesis, gas phase transfer, dry glue synthesis, solvent-free synthesis and microwave synthesis.
  • the hydrothermal synthesis method is to pre-disperse the precursor of the synthetic zeolite molecular sieve in water, and then form the zeolite molecular sieve through the processes of nucleation, growth, and crystallization at a certain temperature and autogenous pressure. This method has low cost, good crystallinity, and diverse solvents.
  • the ionic thermal synthesis method is to disperse the raw materials for synthesizing zeolite molecular sieve in ionic liquid or eutectic mixture, and then synthesize the zeolite molecular sieve at a certain temperature.
  • This method has low pressure reaction and is safe; the gas phase synthesis method will not contain
  • the zeolite molecular sieve precursor of the template is prepared into a xerogel, and then it is converted into a zeolite molecular sieve at a certain temperature under an atmosphere with a small amount of organic amine and water as the liquid phase components. This method is green and the mixed solvent can be recycled.
  • the dry glue synthesis method is to make the raw materials of synthetic zeolite molecular sieve into amorphous dry glue, then dry the dry glue into dry powder, and finally synthesize the zeolite molecular sieve in a steam atmosphere. This method uses less template agent and produces The rate has been improved; the solvent-free synthesis method is to grind the raw materials for the synthesis of zeolite molecular sieve with a mortar and put them into a polytetrafluoroethylene reactor. After sealing, the zeolite molecular sieve is synthesized at a certain high temperature.
  • the microwave synthesis method is to mix the raw materials for the synthesis of zeolite molecular sieve uniformly and then put them into the reactor, and then synthesize the zeolite molecular sieve under microwave heating. This method has a short time and the synthesized zeolite molecular sieve has a small particle size.
  • the mainstream method for preparing zeolite molecular sieves in industry is still the hydrothermal synthesis method.
  • the product crystallization time is long, the synthesis cycle is long, the synthesized product has miscellaneous phases, and the reaction needs to be carried out at a high temperature, and vapor pressure is generated during the reaction process, which has high requirements on reaction equipment.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an efficient, fast and green preparation method of zeolite molecular sieve.
  • the method of the present invention is a green, simple and extremely low-cost preparation method. Under the irradiation of ionizing radiation, the zeolite The molecular sieve has a short synthesis cycle, no heating is required in the preparation process, energy consumption is reduced, and a high-pressure system is avoided.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing zeolite molecular sieve, including the following steps:
  • zeolite molecular sieve precursor solution including at least a silicon source
  • the zeolite molecular sieve precursor solution is matured at 20-30°C for 10-15h;
  • the silicon source is one or more of Na 2 SiO 3 , silicon dioxide, silica gel, and tetraethylorthosilicate.
  • the aluminum source is one or more of NaAlO 2 , aluminum oxide, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum sulfate, and aluminum isopropoxide.
  • the phosphorus source is one or more of phosphoric acid, sodium phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, and sodium dihydrogen phosphate.
  • the alkaline substance is one or more of NaOH, ammonia, and triethylamine.
  • the template agent is tetrapropylammonium bromide, tetrabutylammonium bromide, tetraethylammonium bromide, tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, ammonium fluoride, ammonia in water One or more.
  • the molar ratio of the sum of moles of the silicon source, aluminum source and phosphorus source, alkaline substance, template agent and water is 1.5-2:30-40:1:300-400 .
  • the molar ratio of the sum of the number of moles of the silicon source, the aluminum source and the phosphorus source, the alkaline substance, the template agent and the water is 1.8:35:1:350.
  • step (1) is specifically as follows:
  • At least one of the silicon source, aluminum source, and phosphorus source is each dissolved in water or water containing an alkaline substance to obtain at least one of a silicon source aqueous solution, an aluminum source aqueous solution, and a phosphorus source aqueous solution, which must be prepared Silicon source aqueous solution;
  • the template is added to the silicon source aqueous solution, and then at least one of the aluminum source aqueous solution and the phosphorus source aqueous solution is added dropwise to the silicon source aqueous solution, and aged at 20-30° C. for 10-15 hours.
  • the radiation source of ionizing radiation is electron beam, ⁇ -ray, X-ray, heavy ion beam.
  • the radiation source of ionizing radiation is an electron beam
  • the matured solution is irradiated under an electron accelerator.
  • the accelerator can continuously generate electron beams, thereby enabling continuous and rapid preparation of zeolite molecular sieves, which is suitable for industrial production.
  • the ionizing radiation dose is 300-2000 kGy; the ionizing radiation time is 4-30 min.
  • the ionizing radiation dose is 500-1000 kGy.
  • the method provided by the invention can rapidly prepare zeolite molecular sieve, and with the increase of the absorbed dose of irradiation, the crystallinity of the synthesized zeolite molecular sieve is gradually increased, and there is no miscellaneous phase.
  • step (2) ionizing radiation is performed at room temperature (20-30°C) without heating.
  • the prepared zeolite molecular sieves can be divided into silica alumina zeolite molecular sieves, aluminophosphate zeolite molecular sieves, all silica zeolite molecular sieves and the like.
  • the present invention has at least the following advantages:
  • the invention uses radiant energy to replace traditional thermal energy, and the method is a simple and extremely low-cost method.
  • the preparation method of the present invention relies on the interaction between ionizing radiation and substances, thereby converting the radiant energy into the energy required in the reaction system for the synthesis of zeolite molecular sieves.
  • the zeolite molecular sieve preparation method provided by the invention has simple operation, fast product crystallization, extremely short synthesis cycle, no heating during the reaction process, low energy consumption, the entire reaction system belongs to an open system, avoids a high-pressure system, and has low requirements on a reaction vessel.
  • the method provided in the present invention can quickly prepare the zeolite molecular sieve, and has simple and safe reaction equipment, continuous production, and suitable for industrial production.
  • Figure 1 is a PXRD diffraction pattern of the Na-A zeolite molecular sieve prepared in Example 1 of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a PXRD diffraction pattern of Na-A zeolite molecular sieve prepared in Example 2 of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a PXRD diffraction pattern of the Na-A zeolite molecular sieve prepared in Example 3 of the present invention.
  • Example 4 is a PXRD diffraction pattern of the Na-X zeolite molecular sieve prepared in Example 4 of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a PXRD diffraction pattern of the NaZ-21 zeolite molecular sieve prepared in Example 5 of the present invention.
  • Precursor solution preparation 6.11 g of Na 2 SiO 3 ⁇ 9H 2 O was added to 10 g of deionized water, and heated in an oven at 60° C. for 3-5 min to obtain a clear sodium silicate solution A. Dissolve 2.5g NaAlO 2 in 10.0g H 2 O to obtain a clear sodium metaaluminate solution, then weigh 4.7g NaOH into the sodium metaaluminate solution to prepare solution B;
  • Electron beam irradiation Use a 1mL pipette to pipette 0.5mL of the matured mixed solution into a 3mL glass scintillation vial, and then place the sample under an electron accelerator for irradiation with an absorbed dose of 500kGy and an irradiation time of 800s.
  • the white solid produced after the irradiation was washed with deionized water until the washing liquid became neutral, and then washed with ethanol once, and finally the solid product obtained was dried at room temperature.
  • the above reactions were all carried out in an open glass scintillation vial.
  • a polycrystalline powder diffractometer (PXRD) was used to determine the crystal structure of the product, and the test results are shown in Figure 1.
  • the Na-A zeolite molecular sieve was prepared according to the method of Example 1, except that the absorbed dose was 700 kGy and the irradiation time was 1120s.
  • a polycrystalline powder diffractometer (PXRD) was used to determine the crystal structure of the product, and the test results are shown in Figure 2.
  • the Na-A zeolite molecular sieve was prepared according to the method of Example 1, except that the absorbed dose was 1200 kGy and the irradiation time was 1920s.
  • a polycrystalline powder diffractometer (PXRD) was used to determine the crystal structure of the product, and the test results are shown in Figure 3.
  • Precursor solution preparation add 2.0367g of Na 2 SiO 3 ⁇ 9H 2 O to 5g of deionized water, put it in a 60 °C oven and heat for 3-5 min to obtain a completely clear sodium silicate solution Na-XA .
  • 0.39g NaAlO 2 was dissolved in 5.0g H 2 O to prepare a transparent sodium metaaluminate solution, and then 4.69g NaOH was weighed and added to the sodium metaaluminate solution to prepare a solution Na-XB.
  • Electron beam irradiation Use a 1mL pipette to transfer 0.5mL Na-X solution into a 3mL glass scintillation vial, and send it into the electron accelerator.
  • the cumulative irradiation dose is 500kGy, and the irradiation time is 900s.
  • the white solid produced after the irradiation was washed with deionized water until the washing liquid became neutral, and then washed with ethanol once, and finally the solid product obtained was dried at room temperature.
  • a polycrystalline powder diffractometer (PXRD) was used to determine the crystal structure of the product, and the test results are shown in Figure 4.
  • Precursor solution preparation add 2.0367g of Na 2 SiO 3 ⁇ 9H 2 O to 5g of deionized water, put it in a 60 °C oven and heat for 3-5 min to obtain a completely clear sodium silicate solution NaZ-21 -A. 0.58 g NaAlO 2 was dissolved in 5.0 g H 2 O to prepare a transparent sodium metaaluminate solution, and then 5 g NaOH was weighed and added to the sodium meta aluminate solution to prepare a solution NaZ-21-B.
  • Electron beam irradiation Use a 1mL pipette to pipette 0.5mL NaZ-21 solution into a 3mL glass scintillation vial, and send it into the electron accelerator.
  • the cumulative irradiation dose is 500kGy, and the irradiation time is 900s.
  • the white solid produced after the irradiation was washed with deionized water until the washing liquid became neutral, and then washed with ethanol once, and finally the solid product obtained was dried at room temperature.
  • a polycrystalline powder diffractometer (PXRD) was used to determine the crystal structure of the product, and the test result is shown in Figure 5.
  • the invention utilizes ionizing radiation to prepare zeolite molecular sieves.
  • the source of ionizing radiation is wide, the range of absorbed dose is wide, and more types of zeolite molecular sieves can be prepared.
  • the method requires simple technical means for preparing the zeolite molecular sieve, and the cost of equipment is low, and it is a green and extremely low-cost preparation method.
  • zeolite molecular sieves can be synthesized within 4-30 minutes, which greatly shortens the synthesis period. No heating is required during the preparation process, which reduces energy consumption and avoids high-pressure systems.

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Abstract

提供一种沸石分子筛的制备方法，包括以下步骤：将硅源、铝源和磷源中的至少一种、碱性物质、模板剂和水混匀，得到沸石分子筛前驱体溶液，该前驱体溶液中至少包括硅源；将该前驱体溶液在20-30℃下熟化10-15h；对熟化后的溶液进行电离辐射，然后将得到的固体洗涤至中性后干燥，得到沸石分子筛。该方法具有绿色、简单且成本极低的优点；在电离辐射源照射下，沸石分子筛合成周期短，且制备过程中无需加热，降低了能耗，并避免了高压体系。

Description

一种高效、快速、绿色的沸石分子筛制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及分子筛制备技术领域，尤其涉及一种高效、快速、绿色的沸石分子筛制备方法。
背景技术
沸石分子筛是指一类具有规则的孔道结构、走向一定、孔径大小确定的无机晶体材料，主要组成包括铝、硅、氧、磷等其它金属阳离子，结构一般由TO 4(T主要为Al，Si，P)四面体组成的三维网状骨架结构。以骨架元素组成分类，沸石分子筛可分为硅铝沸石分子筛、铝磷沸石分子筛、全硅沸石分子筛等。由于其规整的孔径分布和丰富的拓扑结构，沸石分子筛具有吸附、催化、离子交换、耐酸耐碱等性能，通常被用作吸附分离剂、催化剂、离子交换剂、干燥剂、饲料添加剂等，应用领域十分广泛，涉及工业、农业、国防等部门。
目前，沸石分子筛的合成方法主要包括水热合成法、离子热合成法、气相转移法、干胶合成法、无溶剂合成法及微波合成法。水热合成法是将合成沸石分子筛的前驱体预先分散在水中，然后在一定的温度和自生压力下经过成核、生长、结晶等过程形成沸石分子筛，该方法成本低、结晶度好，溶剂多样性，易于工业化；离子热合成法是将合成沸石分子筛的原料分散于离子液体或低共熔混合物中，再在一定温度下合成沸石分子筛，该方法低压反应，安全；气相合成法是将不含模板剂的沸石分子筛前驱体制备成干凝胶，再在少量有机胺和水作为液相成分的气氛下，通过一定的温度将其转变为沸石分子筛，该方法绿色、混合溶剂可循环利用，产物结晶度高；干胶合成法是将合成沸石分子筛的原料制成无定型干胶，再将干胶烘干成干粉，最后在水蒸汽气氛下合成沸石分子筛，该方法模板剂用量少，产率有所提高；无溶剂合成法是将合成沸石分子筛的原料用研钵研磨均匀后，放入聚四氟乙烯反应釜，密封后在一定的高温下合成沸石分子筛，该方法无溶剂污染，安全；微波合成法是将合成沸石分子筛的原料混合均匀后装入反应釜，再在微波加热下合成沸石分子筛，该方法时间短，合成出的沸石分子筛粒径小。
目前，工业上制备沸石分子筛的主流方法仍是水热合成法。该技术中产物结晶时间长，合成周期久，合成的产物中存在杂相，且反应需在高温下进行，反应过程中会产生蒸汽压，从而对反应设备的要求高。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的目的是提供一种高效、快速、绿色的沸石分子筛制备方法，本发明方法是一种绿色、简单且极低成本的制备方法，在电离辐射源照射下，沸石分子筛合成周期短，制备过程中无需加热，降低了能耗，并避免了高压体系。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用以下技术方案：
本发明提供了一种沸石分子筛的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将硅源、铝源和磷源中的至少一种、碱性物质、模板剂和水混匀，得到沸石分子筛前驱体溶液，所述沸石分子筛前驱体溶液中至少包括硅源；将所述沸石分子筛前驱体溶液在20-30℃下熟化10-15h；
(2)对熟化后的溶液进行电离辐射，然后将得到的固体洗涤至中性后干燥，得到所述沸石分子筛。
进一步地，在步骤(1)中，所述硅源为Na 2SiO 3、二氧化硅、硅胶、正硅酸四乙酯中的一种或几种。
进一步地，在步骤(1)中，所述铝源为NaAlO 2、氧化铝、氢氧化铝、硫酸铝、异丙醇铝中的一种或几种。
进一步地，在步骤(1)中，所述磷源为磷酸、磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸二氢钠中的一种或几种。
进一步地，在步骤(1)中，所述碱性物质为NaOH、氨水、三乙胺中的一种或几种。
进一步地，在步骤(1)中，所述模板剂为四丙基溴化铵、四丁基溴化铵、四乙基溴化铵、四丙基氢氧化铵、氟化铵、氨水中的一种或几种。
进一步地，在步骤(1)中，所述硅源、铝源和磷源摩尔数之和、碱性物质、模板剂和水的摩尔比为1.5～2:30～40:1:300～400。优选地，硅源、铝源和磷源摩尔数之和、碱性物质、模板剂和水的摩尔比为1.8:35:1:350。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，步骤(1)具体如下：
(S1)将硅源、铝源和磷源中的至少一种各自溶解于水或含有碱性物质的水中，得到硅源水溶液、铝源水溶液和磷源水溶液中的至少一种，且必须制备硅源水溶液；
(S2)将模板剂加入硅源水溶液中，再将铝源水溶液和磷源水溶液中的至少一种滴加至硅源水溶液中，在20-30℃下熟化10-15h。
进一步地，在步骤(2)中，电离辐射的辐射源为电子束、γ射线、X-射线、重离子束。优选地，电离辐射的辐射源为电子束，将熟化后的溶液在电子加速器下照射，加速器可连续 产生电子束，从而能够实现连续化快速地制备沸石分子筛，适合工业生产。
进一步地，在步骤(2)中，电离辐射剂量为300-2000kGy；电离辐射时间为4-30min。优选地，电离辐射剂量为500-1000kGy。本发明提供的方法能够快速地制备出沸石分子筛，随着照射的吸收剂量的增加，合成出的沸石分子筛结晶度逐渐提高，且不存在杂相。
进一步地，在步骤(2)中，在室温(20-30℃)下进行电离辐射，不需加热。
采用本发明的方法，所制备的沸石分子筛可分为硅铝沸石分子筛、铝磷沸石分子筛、全硅沸石分子筛等。
借由上述方案，本发明至少具有以下优点：
本发明利用辐射能代替传统的热能，该方法是一种简便的、成本极低的方式。本发明的制备方法依赖于电离辐射与物质相互作用，从而将辐射能转化为反应体系中所需的能量，用于沸石分子筛的合成。本发明提供的沸石分子筛制备方法，操作简单，产物结晶快，合成周期极短，反应过程中无需加热，能耗低，整个反应体系属于敞开体系，避免了高压体系，对反应容器要求低。与传统的水热合成法相比，本发明中提供的方法能快速地制备出沸石分子筛，并且反应设备简单，安全，可连续化生产，适合工业化生产。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段，并可依照说明书的内容予以实施，以下以本发明的较佳实施例并配合附图详细说明如后。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1制备的Na-A型沸石分子筛的PXRD衍射图；
图2是本发明实施例2制备的Na-A型沸石分子筛的PXRD衍射图；
图3是本发明实施例3制备的Na-A型沸石分子筛的PXRD衍射图；
图4是本发明实施例4制备的Na-X型沸石分子筛的PXRD衍射图；
图5是本发明实施例5制备的NaZ-21型沸石分子筛的PXRD衍射图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1 Na-A型沸石分子筛的合成
(1)前驱体溶液制备：将6.11g的Na 2SiO 3·9H 2O加入到10g的去离子水中，放入60℃烘箱中加热3-5min，得到澄清的硅酸钠溶液A。将2.5g NaAlO 2溶于10.0g H 2O得到澄清的偏铝酸钠溶液，再称取4.7g NaOH加入偏铝酸钠溶液中制得溶液B；
(2)熟化：称取8.0g的四丙基溴化铵加入溶液A中，再在搅拌下将溶液B滴加到溶液A中，接着在室温下搅拌混合物，熟化12h。
(3)电子束照射：用1mL移液枪移取0.5mL熟化后的混合溶液于3mL玻璃闪烁瓶内，接着将样品置于电子加速器下照射，吸收剂量为500kGy，照射时间800s。照射后产生的白色固体物用去离子水洗涤至洗涤液呈中性，再用乙醇洗涤一次，最终所得固体产物在室温下干燥。上述反应均在敞口的玻璃闪烁瓶内进行。采用多晶粉末衍射仪(PXRD)确定产物的晶体结构，测试结果如图1所示。
实施例2 Na-A型沸石分子筛的合成
按照实施例1的方法制备Na-A型沸石分子筛，不同之处在于，吸收剂量为700kGy，照射时间1120s。采用多晶粉末衍射仪(PXRD)确定产物的晶体结构，测试结果如图2所示。
实施例3 Na-A型沸石分子筛的合成
按照实施例1的方法制备Na-A型沸石分子筛，不同之处在于，吸收剂量为1200kGy，照射时间1920s。采用多晶粉末衍射仪(PXRD)确定产物的晶体结构，测试结果如图3所示。
实施例4Na-X型沸石分子筛的合成
(1)前驱体溶液制备：将2.0367g的Na 2SiO 3·9H 2O加入到5g的去离子水中，放入60℃烘箱中加热3-5min，得到完全澄清的硅酸钠溶液Na-X-A。将0.39g NaAlO 2溶于5.0g H 2O制备透明的偏铝酸钠溶液，随后称取4.69g NaOH加入偏铝酸钠溶液中制得溶液Na-X-B。
(2)熟化：称取3.8702g的四丙基氢氧化铵(TPAOH)加入Na-X-A溶液中，随后在搅拌下将溶液Na-X-B滴加到溶液Na-X-A中，并将混合物在室温搅拌的条件下熟化12h得到Na-X溶液。
(3)电子束照射：使用1mL移液枪分别移取0.5mLNa-X溶液置于3mL玻璃闪烁瓶内，送入电子加速器内累计照射剂量为500kGy，照射时间为900s。照射后产生的白色固体物用去离子水洗涤至洗涤液呈中性，再用乙醇洗涤一次，最终所得固体产物在室温下干燥。采用多晶粉末衍射仪(PXRD)确定产物的晶体结构，测试结果如图4所示。
实施例5 NaZ-21型沸石分子筛的合成
(1)前驱体溶液制备：将2.0367g的Na 2SiO 3·9H 2O加入到5g的去离子水中，放入60℃烘箱中加热3-5min，得到完全澄清的硅酸钠溶液NaZ-21-A。将0.58g NaAlO 2溶于5.0g H 2O制备透明的偏铝酸钠溶液，随后称取5g NaOH加入偏铝酸钠溶液中制得溶液NaZ-21-B。
(2)熟化：称取5.7557g的四丙基氢氧化铵(TPAOH)加入NaZ-21-A溶液中，随后在搅拌下将溶液NaZ-21-B滴加到溶液NaZ-21-A中，并将混合物在室温搅拌的条件下熟化12h 得到NaZ-21溶液。
(3)电子束照射：使用1mL移液枪分别移取0.5mLNaZ-21溶液置于3mL玻璃闪烁瓶内，送入电子加速器内累计照射剂量为500kGy，照射时间为900s。照射后产生的白色固体物用去离子水洗涤至洗涤液呈中性，再用乙醇洗涤一次，最终所得固体产物在室温下干燥。采用多晶粉末衍射仪(PXRD)确定产物的晶体结构，测试结果如图5所示。
本发明利用电离辐射方法制备沸石分子筛，其电离辐射源来源广泛，吸收剂量范围广，能够制备出较多类型的沸石分子筛。本方法制备沸石分子筛所需技术手段简单，仪器设备费用较低，是一种绿色极低成本的制备方法。在电离辐射源照射下，沸石分子筛可在4-30min内合成，大大缩短了合成周期。制备过程中无需加热，降低了能耗，并避免了高压体系。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，并不用于限制本发明，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和变型，这些改进和变型也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种沸石分子筛的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    (1)将硅源、铝源和磷源中的至少一种、碱性物质、模板剂和水混匀，得到沸石分子筛前驱体溶液，所述沸石分子筛前驱体溶液中至少包括硅源；将所述沸石分子筛前驱体溶液在20-30℃下熟化10-15h；
    (2)对熟化后的溶液进行电离辐射，然后将得到的固体洗涤至中性后干燥，得到所述沸石分子筛。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：在步骤(1)中，所述硅源为Na 2SiO 3、二氧化硅、硅胶和正硅酸四乙酯中的一种或几种。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：在步骤(1)中，所述铝源为NaAlO 2、氧化铝、氢氧化铝、硫酸铝和异丙醇铝中的一种或几种。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：在步骤(1)中，所述磷源为磷酸、磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钠和磷酸二氢钠中的一种或几种。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：在步骤(1)中，所述碱性物质为NaOH、氨水和三乙胺中的一种或几种。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：在步骤(1)中，所述模板剂为四丙基溴化铵、四丁基溴化铵、四乙基溴化铵、四丙基氢氧化铵、氟化铵和氨水中的一种或几种。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：在步骤(1)中，所述硅源、铝源和磷源摩尔数之和、碱性物质、模板剂和水的摩尔比为1.5～2:30～40:1:300～400。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于：在步骤(2)中，电离辐射的辐射源为电子束、γ射线、X-射线或重离子束。
  9. 根据权利要求1或8所述的制备方法，其特征在于：在步骤(2)中，电离辐射剂量为300-2000kGy。
  10. 根据权利要求1或8所述的制备方法，其特征在于：在步骤(2)中，电离辐射时间为4-30min。
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