CN1288083C - 一种蒸汽相中自转晶制备镁碱沸石的方法 - Google Patents
一种蒸汽相中自转晶制备镁碱沸石的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种蒸汽相中自转晶(蒸汽相传输法,VPT)制备镁碱沸石(FER)的方法。该方法是将含有碱金属(M)源、三价元素(X)的氧化物源、四价元素(Y)的氧化物源、水组成的混合物制成凝胶,经脱水得到干胶,在四氢呋喃(THF)/水(H2O)的蒸汽相中于100~200℃进行自转晶反应制得该沸石产物。本发明方法可以减少模板剂用量、降低反应温度、提高产品结晶度。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于材料合成技术领域,具体涉及一种蒸汽相中自转晶制备镁碱沸石(FER)的方法。采用THF/H20混合物作为蒸汽相传输法中蒸汽相,模板剂用量少、反应温度低、产物结晶度高。
背景技术
沸石分子筛是一种无机硅铝酸盐晶体,其骨架中含有规则且有序排列、分子尺寸的孔道或笼(孔径0.3~1.5nm),具有择形催化、离子交换以及分子筛分等作用,被广泛应用于原油炼制、石油催化裂化与石油化工等领域。
FER(ZSM-35,镁碱沸石)是一种中孔结构的沸石,含有十员环孔道(0.42×0.54nm,沿[001]方向)和交叉的八员环孔道(0.35×0.48nm,沿[010]方向),与十员环相平行的六员环孔道与八员环孔道相交形成一个椭球状的小笼,即FER笼。近几年人们发现FER沸石在烯烃异构化尤其是由正丁烯向异丁烯转化过程中,具有良好的骨架催化(异构化)性能,同时其还具有骨架热稳定性和水热稳定性高的特点(Zhou,W.-Z;Lin,D.-C;Guo,J.;Long,Y.-C.Acta Chim.Sinica 2003,61(2),230)。因此,FER沸石的工业应用前景相当看好。
FER沸石合成除传统的、在Na2O-K2O-SiO2-Al2O3-H2O反应混合物系统中的水热合成法(Long,Y.-C.;Ma,M.-H.;Sun,Y.-J.;Jiang,H.-W.J.Incl.Phenom.Macro.Chem.2000,37(1-4),103),近年来又有非水体系合成法(Kanno,N.;Miyake,M.;Sato,M.Zeolites 1994,14(8),625)和蒸汽相自转晶合成法等。蒸汽相自转晶合成法主要有极浓体系合成法(Li,J.-Q.;Dong,J.-X.;Liu,G.-H;Gong,S.-Q;Wu,F.J.Chem.Soc.,Chem.Comm.1993,(7),659)、蒸汽相传输法(VPT)(Matsukata,M.;Nishiyama,N.;Ueyama,K.Microporous Mater.1996,7(2-3),109)及干胶转化法(DGC)(Rao,P.R.H.P.;Matsukata M.Chem.Commun.1996,(12),1441)等。
干胶转化法通常在所制备的凝胶中加入一定量有机模板剂(一般为非挥发性的有机碱)脱水制成干胶后,在水或有机物的蒸汽相中进行自转晶反应。使用的非挥发性有机模板剂如四乙基氢氧化铵(TEAOH)、四甲基氢氧化铵(TMAOH)等季铵盐,合成的沸石分子筛类型主要有BEA、NU-1、EU-1、SSZ-31,以及SAPO、AlPO、MAPO等含杂原子系列分子筛。
极浓体系合成法和蒸汽相传输法通常是将所制备的不含有机模板剂的硅铝酸钠凝胶脱水制成干胶后,在水和挥发性有机模板剂的蒸汽相中进行自转晶反应。用该法合成的沸石分子筛类型主要有MFI、FER、SSZ-31、TON、ZnAPO-34等。采用的挥发性小分子胺类或其混合物,如乙二胺(EDA)、三乙胺(Et3N)、甲胺(MA)等作为模板剂。众所周知,易挥发性胺类具有严重的刺激性气味,会对环境造成严重污染。
中国发明专利(龙英才等,ZL 00 1 11893.5,2002)首次报道以含氧小分子有机物四氢呋喃(THF)作模板剂,水热体系中合成FER沸石。THF是一种挥发性较强的有机物,本发明以THF为模板剂,在THF/H2O的蒸汽相中将硅铝干胶自转晶为FER沸石。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种在THF/H2O蒸汽相中自转晶制备FER沸石的方法。该方法能减少模板剂用量、降低反应温度、提高产物结晶度。
本发明提出的制备FER沸石晶体的方法,是将Na2O-SiO2-Al2O3-H2O反应物混合物凝胶经脱水制成干胶后,在THF/H2O蒸汽相中通过自转晶反应得到FER沸石:蒸汽相中THF与H2O的体积比为0.1-10,反应温度为100~200℃,反应时间为24h~120h。
上述FER沸石的制备方法的具体操作步骤是:将硅源、碱、铝源、水混合成凝胶(A),室温老化6-10h后,于80-100℃脱水5-10h得到干胶(B);THF与H2O混合均匀为溶液(C);将(C)置于不锈钢反应釜底部,盛放B的敞口容器位于反应釜中上部的支架上,加入C的量应控制在加热反应时干胶不与其直接接触。反应釜密封后置于烘箱中进行反应。产物经冷却、洗涤、抽滤、干燥后得到FER沸石。
上述方法中,原料体系所用的硅源为硅溶胶、水玻璃、白炭黑等之一种,铝源为Al2(SO4)3、Al(OH)3等之一种。
上述方法中,原料凝胶体系的摩尔比为:OH-∶SiO2∶Al2O3∶H2O=(0.10~0.50)∶1∶(0.001~0.05)∶(10~30)。
本发明所提供的FER沸石的特征可用如下方法进行表征:
1、粉末X-射线衍射(XRD)。在粉末X-射线衍射中,参照标准图谱,以确定产物为结晶完全的FER沸石晶体。
2、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)。直观判断晶体形貌和尺寸。
3、低温氮吸附—脱附。判断微孔结构,测定其Langmuir比表面积及孔容积。
附图1为蒸汽相转晶FER沸石与干胶的XRD图谱对比。可看出蒸汽相转晶后产物为结晶度较高的FER沸石。
附图2为蒸汽相转晶FER沸石与干胶的扫描电镜照片。可看出蒸汽相转晶后有片状FER沸石晶体生成(大小约2μm)。
附图3为蒸汽相转晶FER沸石的低温氮吸附—脱附图。可看出其属于第I类吸附等温线,其滞后环面积比较小,表明其微孔结构较好。
附图说明
图1为XRD图谱:(a)FER沸石;(b)干胶。
图2为扫描电镜照片:a、b为干胶;b、c为FER沸石。
图3为FER沸石低温氮吸附—脱附图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例进一步描述本发明:
实施例 | 起始原料 | 原料配比(摩尔比) | THF/H2O(体积比) | 温度(℃) | 时间(h) | 产物 | |
硅源 | 铝源 | ||||||
1 | 硅溶胶 | Al2(SO4)3 | 0.20OH-∶SiO2∶0.05Al2O3:20H2O | 1∶1 | 160 | 90 | FER |
2 | 白炭黑 | Al(OH)3 | 0.10OH-∶SiO2∶0.05Al2O3∶20H2O | 1∶10 | 200 | 24 | MFI |
3 | 水玻璃 | Al2(SO4)3 | 0.40OH-∶SiO2∶0.05Al2O3∶20H2O | 10∶1 | 100 | 120 | MOR |
4 | 硅溶胶 | Al(OH)3 | 0.10OH-∶SiO2∶0.001Al2O3∶10H2O | 5∶1 | 160 | 50 | FER |
5 | 水玻璃 | Al(OH)3 | 0.50OH-∶SiO2∶0.01Al2O3∶30H2O | 1∶5 | 140 | 72 | FER |
6 | 硅溶胶 | Al2(SO4)3 | 0.20OH-∶SiO2∶0.025Al2O3∶20H2O | 1∶1 | 160 | 90 | FER+MOR |
7 | 硅溶胶 | Al2(SO4)3 | 0.20OH-∶SiO2∶0.005Al2O3∶10H2O | 1∶1 | 140 | 72 | FER |
8 | 硅溶胶 | Al2(SO4)3 | 0.40OH-∶SiO2∶0.02Al2O3∶20H2O | H2O | 180 | 72 | FER+MFI |
9 | 硅溶胶 | Al2(SO4)3 | 0.20OH-∶SiO2∶0.04Al2O3∶20H2O | THF | 160 | 120 | MTN |
10 | 硅溶胶 | Al2(SO4)3 | 0.40OH-∶SiO2∶0.04Al2O3∶20H2O | 1∶1 | 120 | 120 | FER |
实施例11,上述实施例所用碱均为固体NaOH,水为蒸馏水。
实施例12,用低温氮吸附法测定实施例1合成的FER沸石,其Langmuir比表面积为410.2m2/g,微孔容积为0.13cm3/g。
Claims (3)
1、一种制备FER沸石的方法,其特征在于将Na2O-SiO2-Al2O3-H2O反应混合物凝胶经脱水制成干胶后,在四氢呋喃/H2O蒸汽相中通过自转晶反应得到FER沸石;蒸汽相中四氢呋喃与H2O的体积比为0.1-10,反应温度为100~200℃,反应时间为24h~120h。
2、根据权利要求1所述的制备FER沸石的方法,其特征在于体系所用的硅源为硅溶胶、水玻璃或白炭黑之一种,铝源为Al2(SO4)3或Al(OH)3之一种。
3、根据权利要求1所述的制备FER沸石的方法,其特征在于体系各原料的摩尔配比为:NaOH∶SiO2∶Al2O3∶H2O=(0.10~0.50)∶1∶(0.001~0.05)∶(10~30),搅拌均匀后室温老化6-10h,80-100℃脱水5-10h得到干胶。
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