WO2020184663A1 - 炭素電極材及びレドックス電池 - Google Patents
炭素電極材及びレドックス電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2020184663A1 WO2020184663A1 PCT/JP2020/010822 JP2020010822W WO2020184663A1 WO 2020184663 A1 WO2020184663 A1 WO 2020184663A1 JP 2020010822 W JP2020010822 W JP 2020010822W WO 2020184663 A1 WO2020184663 A1 WO 2020184663A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- carbonaceous
- electrode material
- fiber
- carbon
- graphite particles
- Prior art date
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 209
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 195
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000027455 binding Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 35
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 29
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 26
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 26
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 11
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde Substances O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002972 Acrylic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011294 coal tar pitch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011300 coal pitch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009950 felting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000686 lactone group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013081 microcrystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyparaphenylene benzobisoxazole Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004151 quinonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005211 surface analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VLOPEOIIELCUML-UHFFFAOYSA-L vanadium(2+);sulfate Chemical compound [V+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O VLOPEOIIELCUML-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UUUGYDOQQLOJQA-UHFFFAOYSA-L vanadyl sulfate Chemical compound [V+2]=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O UUUGYDOQQLOJQA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- XQUPVDVFXZDTLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-[[4-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-1-yl)phenyl]methyl]phenyl]pyrrole-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)N1C(C=C1)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N2C(C=CC2=O)=O)C=C1 XQUPVDVFXZDTLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGXAGETVRDOQFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dihydroxybenzaldehyde Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1C=O DGXAGETVRDOQFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMLFRMDBDNHMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-1,2-benzoxazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CNOC2=C1 CMLFRMDBDNHMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004966 Carbon aerogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017060 Fe Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002544 Fe-Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N aldehydo-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011337 anisotropic pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004643 cyanate ester Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002296 dynamic light scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007849 furan resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011302 mesophase pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003192 poly(bis maleimide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006350 polyacrylonitrile resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/20—Graphite
- C01B32/205—Preparation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/96—Carbon-based electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a carbon electrode material used in a redox battery, and more particularly to a carbon electrode material having excellent energy efficiency of the entire redox battery.
- the redox battery is a battery that utilizes redox in an aqueous solution of redox ions, and is a large-capacity storage battery with extremely high safety because it is a mild reaction only in the liquid phase.
- the main configuration of the redox battery includes external tanks 6 and 7 for storing electrolytic solutions (positive electrode electrolytic solution, negative electrode electrolytic solution), and an electrolytic cell EC.
- electrolytic solution positive electrode electrolytic solution, negative electrode electrolytic solution
- the ion exchange membrane 3 is arranged between the opposing current collector plates 1 and 1.
- electrochemical energy conversion that is, charging is performed on the electrode 5 incorporated in the electrolytic cell EC.
- Discharge is performed.
- the material of the electrode 5 a carbon material having chemical resistance, conductivity, and liquid permeability is used.
- an aqueous solution containing a metal ion whose valence changes due to redox is typically used as the electrolytic solution used in the redox battery.
- the electrolytic solution has changed from a type in which an aqueous solution of iron hydrochloric acid is used for the positive electrode and an aqueous solution of chromium in hydrochloric acid for the negative electrode to a type in which a sulfuric acid aqueous solution of vanadium having a high electromotive force is used for both electrodes, and the energy density has been increased.
- the electrolytic solution containing V 2+ is supplied to the liquid passage on the negative electrode side during discharge, and the positive electrode side is supplied.
- An electrolytic solution containing V 5+ (actually an ion containing oxygen) is supplied to the liquid passage.
- V 2+ emits electrons in the three-dimensional electrode and is oxidized to V 3+ .
- the emitted electrons reduce V 5+ to V 4+ (actually oxygen-containing ions) in the three-dimensional electrode on the positive electrode side through an external circuit.
- the electrode materials for redox batteries are particularly required to have the following performances.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a carbonaceous material having a specific pseudographite microcrystal structure with high crystallinity as an electrode material of an Fe—Cr battery capable of increasing the total energy efficiency of the battery. Specifically, it has pseudographite microcrystals having an average ⁇ 002> plane spacing of 3.70 ⁇ or less and an average crystallite size of 9.0 ⁇ or more in the c-axis direction obtained by X-ray wide-angle analysis.
- a carbonaceous material having a total acidic functional group amount of at least 0.01 meq / g is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 describes a carbonaceous fiber made from polyacrylonitrile fiber as an electrode for an electric field layer of an iron-chromium-based redox battery or the like that enhances the energy efficiency of the battery and improves the charge / discharge cycle life.
- Patent Document 3 states that as a carbon electrode material for a vanadium-based redox battery, which has excellent energy efficiency in the entire battery system and whose performance does not change with long-term use, the ⁇ 002> plane spacing obtained from X-ray wide-angle analysis is 3. It has a pseudo-graphite crystal structure with a crystallite size of .43 to 3.60 ⁇ , a crystallite size of 15 to 33 ⁇ in the c-axis direction, and a crystallite size of 30 to 75 ⁇ in the a-axis direction.
- An electrode is disclosed in which the determined amount of surface acidic functional groups is 0.2 to 1.0% of the total number of surface carbon atoms, and the number of surface-bonded nitrogen atoms is 3% or less of the total number of surface carbon atoms.
- Patent Document 4 as a carbon electrode material that enhances the overall efficiency of the vanadium-based redox battery and lowers the cell resistance at the time of initial charging, the crystal structure on the carbonaceous fiber was obtained by X-ray wide-angle analysis ⁇ 002. > It is composed of a carbon composite material to which carbon fine particles having a surface spacing of 3.43 to 3.70 ⁇ and an average primary particle diameter of 30 nm or more and 5 ⁇ m or less are attached, and the crystal structure of the carbon composite material can be obtained by X-ray wide-angle analysis.
- An electrode material having a surface spacing of 3.43 to 3.60 ⁇ , a crystallite size in the c-axis direction of 15 to 35 ⁇ , and a crystallite size in the a-axis direction of 30 to 75 ⁇ is disclosed. Has been done.
- carbonaceous fibers and carbon fine particles are preferably adhered to each other in close proximity or by an adhesive such as phenol resin, and by using the adhesive, carbon which is an electrochemical reaction field is used. It is stated that only the originally contacted portion of the carbonaceous fiber can be fixed without excessively reducing the surface of the quality fiber.
- the non-woven fabric is dipped in a solution containing 5% by weight (Example 1) of carbon fine particles (phenolic resin) or 5% by weight (Examples 2 to 4) of phenolic resin, and then carbonized.
- a carbonized fiber non-woven fabric obtained by a dry oxidation treatment is disclosed.
- Japanese Patent Publication Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 60-232669
- Japanese Patent Publication Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-234612
- Japanese Patent Publication Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-357520
- Japanese Patent Publication Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2017-33758
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a carbon electrode material for a redox battery capable of reducing cell resistance during initial charge / discharge and improving battery energy efficiency.
- a carbon electrode material comprising a carbonaceous fiber (A), graphite particles (B), and a carbonaceous material (C) for binding the carbonaceous fibers (A), and satisfying the following requirements.
- Lc (C) When the size of the crystallites in the c-axis direction obtained by X-ray diffraction in the carbonaceous material (C) is Lc (C), Lc (C) is less than 10 nm.
- Lc (C) is 1.0 or more.
- the mean curvature is 1R or more and the average fiber diameter is 5 to 15 ⁇ m.
- the number of bound oxygen atoms on the surface of the carbon electrode material is 1.0% or more of the total number of carbon atoms on the surface of the carbon electrode material.
- the mass content of the graphite particles (B) and the carbonaceous material (C) with respect to the total amount of the carbonaceous fiber (A), the graphite particles (B), and the carbonaceous material (C) is 20% or more, respectively.
- the carbon electrode material according to any one of 1 to 4, wherein the water flow rate when water droplets are dropped is 0.5 mm / sec or more.
- the carbon electrode material of the present invention can realize low resistance, it is useful as an electrode material for a redox battery, particularly a vanadium-based redox battery.
- the mean curvature of the carbonaceous fiber (A) structure is 1R or more, an excellent repulsive force can be obtained because of the three-dimensional structure, and the contact resistance between materials can be reduced or passed. It is possible to secure the liquid property and provide a low resistance electrode material.
- Such a carbon electrode material of the present invention is suitably used for flow type and non-flow type Redox batteries, or redox batteries combined with a lithium, capacitor, and fuel cell system.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a redox battery.
- FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of a liquid flow type electrolytic cell having a three-dimensional electrode preferably used in the present invention.
- FIG. 3 shows No. 2A in Table 2A in Example 2 described later. It is an SEM photograph (magnification 100 times) of 1 (example of this invention using span lace).
- the present inventors have been diligently studying in order to provide a carbon electrode material preferably used for vanadium-based redox batteries.
- the conventional vanadium-based redox battery it is important to reduce the resistance from the viewpoint of cost reduction.
- the conventional carbon fiber felt electrode material the contact resistance between the materials does not decrease.
- an electrode material in which graphite particles are supported on carbon paper or the like has also been proposed, but the carbon paper has fibers oriented in two dimensions, and a sufficient repulsive force cannot be obtained against compression. Therefore, it has been found from the results of studies by the present inventors that further reduction in resistance cannot be expected when the conventional electrode material is used for a vanadium-based redox battery.
- carbon blacks such as acetylene black (acetylene soot), oil black (furness black, oil soot), and gas black (gas soot) are used as particles showing reaction activity in redox batteries; Soot, carbon fiber powder, carbon nanotubes (CNT, carbon nanotube), carbon nanofibers, carbon aerogel, mesoporous carbon, glassy carbon powder, activated carbon, graphene, graphene oxide, N-doped CNT, boron-doped CNT, fullerene , Known carbon particles such as carbon particles such as petroleum coke, acetylene coke, and smokeless carbon coke.
- carbon blacks having high reactivity and specific surface area and low crystallinity cannot be used because they are easily oxidized with respect to the charging liquid of the positive electrode.
- these are rare and expensive, so they are not suitable as inexpensive electrode materials.
- the present inventors have adopted graphite particles as the particles exhibiting reactivity.
- the carbonaceous material (C) is a binding carbonaceous material that binds both carbonaceous fibers (A) and graphite particles (B), and satisfies the following requirements (1) and (2).
- Lc (C) Lc (C) is less than 10 nm.
- Lc (C) The c-axis determined by X-ray diffraction in the carbonaceous fiber.
- Lc (C) / Lc (A) is 1.0 or more.
- both carbonaceous fibers (A) and graphite particles (B) are bound together.
- the carbonaceous material used in the present invention acts as a binder between the carbonaceous fiber and the graphite particles
- the carbonaceous material used in the present invention acts as a binder between the carbonaceous fiber and the graphite particles
- the surface and the inside (carbon) of the carbonic fiber and the graphite particles are subjected to the carbonaceous material.
- the graphite particles are strongly bonded to each other (including between the graphite particles), and the surface of the graphite particles is exposed while the carbonaceous fibers are covered with the carbonaceous material when the electrode material is viewed as a whole. It means that it is.
- it is preferable that the carbonaceous material after binding does not form a film.
- not in a film state means that the carbonaceous material (C) does not form a webbed state like a whole foot (boxoku) or a foot in the carbonaceous fibers (A). This is because when the film state is formed, the liquid permeability of the electrolytic solution deteriorates, and the reaction surface area of the graphite particles cannot be effectively used.
- FIG. 3 shows an SEM photograph showing a state in which both carbonaceous fibers (A) and graphite particles (B) are bound in the electrode material of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 shows No. 2A in Table 2A in Example 2 described later.
- 1 is an SEM photograph (magnification of 100 times) of 1 (an example of the present invention using a spunlace satisfying the requirements of the present invention). From FIG. 3, the carbonaceous material (C) strongly binds the surface and the inside of the carbonaceous fiber (A) and the graphite particles (B), and the carbonaceous material (C) coats the carbonaceous fiber (A). It can be seen that the surface of the graphite particles (B) is exposed.
- it is set to 20% by mass or more.
- the carbonaceous material (C) used in the present invention is different from the carbonaceous material described in Patent Document 4 described above.
- the carbonaceous material used exhibits an action as a partial adhesive based on the idea that only the portion where the carbonaceous fiber and the carbon fine particles originally contacted can be fixed (adhered). This is because there is only recognition that it should be done. Therefore, in the examples of Patent Document 4, the content of the carbonaceous material is at most 14.4% by mass.
- the carbonaceous material (C) strongly binds between the carbonaceous fibers (A) via the graphite particles (B), which is efficient. It was found that a conductive path can be formed, the action of adding the graphite particles (B) described above is more effectively exhibited, and low resistance can be achieved.
- the structure of the carbonaceous fiber (A) used in the present invention satisfies an average curvature of 1 R or more and an average fiber diameter of 5 to 15 ⁇ m.
- the carbon electrode material of the present invention satisfies the requirement (4) below.
- the number of bonded oxygen atoms on the surface of the carbon electrode material is 1.0% or more of the total number of carbon atoms on the surface of the carbon electrode material.
- oxygen atoms can be introduced into the edge surface of carbon or the defect structure.
- the introduced oxygen atom is generated as a reactive group such as a carbonyl group, a quinone group, a lactone group, and a free radical oxide, and these reactive groups greatly contribute to the electrode reaction.
- a sufficiently low resistance can be obtained.
- the electrode material of the present invention is configured as described above, the reaction activity is enhanced, and an electrode having low resistance and long life can be obtained.
- the electrode material of the present invention is used as an electrode material for an electrolytic cell of a vanadium-based redox battery, it is possible to reduce the cell resistance at the time of initial charge / discharge and improve the battery energy efficiency.
- FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of a liquid flow type electrolytic cell preferably used in the present invention.
- an ion exchange membrane 3 is arranged between two opposing current collector plates 1, 1, and spacers 2 are provided on both sides of the ion exchange membrane 3 along the inner surfaces of the current collector plates 1, 1.
- Passage passages 4a and 4b for the electrolytic solution are formed.
- the electrode material 5 is arranged in at least one of the liquid passages 4a and 4b.
- the current collector plate 1 is provided with a liquid inlet 10 and a liquid outlet 11 for the electrolytic solution. As shown in FIG.
- the current collector plate 1 transports electrons. It is possible to improve the charge / discharge efficiency by using the entire surface of the pores of the electrode material 5 as an electrochemical reaction field while ensuring the above. As a result, the charging / discharging efficiency of the electrolytic cell is improved.
- the electrode material 5 of the present invention is an electrode material in which the carbonaceous fiber (A) is used as a base material and the graphite particles (B) are carried by the carbonaceous material (C), and the above-mentioned (1) to (4). ) Satisfies the requirements.
- the details of each requirement are as follows.
- the carbonaceous fiber used in the present invention is a fiber obtained by heat-carbonizing an organic fiber precursor (details will be described later), and 90% or more by mass ratio. It means a fiber composed of carbon (JIS L 024-2).
- Precursors of organic fibers used as raw materials for carbonaceous fibers include acrylic fibers such as polyacrylonitrile; phenol fibers; PBO fibers such as polyparaphenylene benzobisoxazole (PBO); aromatic polyamide fibers; isotropic pitch and heterogeneity.
- Pitch fibers such as sex pitch fibers and mesophase pitch; cellulose fibers; and the like can be used.
- acrylic fiber acrylic fiber, phenol fiber, cellulose fiber, isotropic pitch fiber, and anisotropic pitch fiber are preferable as the precursor of the organic fiber from the viewpoint of excellent oxidation resistance, strength and elasticity, and acrylic.
- Fiber is more preferred.
- the acrylic fiber is not particularly limited as long as it contains acrylonitrile as a main component, but the content of acrylonitrile in the raw material monomer forming the acrylic fiber is preferably 95% by mass or more, preferably 98% by mass or more. Is more preferable.
- the mass average molecular weight of the organic fiber is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10,000 or more and 100,000 or less, more preferably 15,000 or more and 80,000 or less, and further preferably 20,000 or more and 50,000 or less.
- the mass average molecular weight can be measured by a method such as gel permeation chromatography (GPC) or solution viscosity.
- the average fiber diameter of the carbonaceous fiber is preferably 0.5 to 40 ⁇ m. If the average fiber diameter is smaller than 0.5 ⁇ m, the liquid permeability will deteriorate. On the other hand, if the average fiber diameter is larger than 40 ⁇ m, the three-dimensional structure becomes too coarse and the cell resistance becomes high. Considering the liquid permeability and the balance of the three-dimensional structure, it is more preferably 3 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the average fiber length of the carbonaceous fiber is preferably 30 to 100 mm. If the average fiber length is smaller than 30 mm, there is a problem that the entanglement of the fibers is insufficient and the tissue morphology cannot be maintained at the time of oxidative deterioration. On the other hand, if the average fiber length is larger than 100 mm, it becomes difficult for the fibers to be defibrated, and there is a problem that the uniformity is impaired. More preferably, it is 40 to 80 mm.
- the carbonaceous fiber structure (hereinafter, may be referred to as a fiber structure) is used as a base material.
- the use of the fiber structure improves the strength and facilitates handling and workability.
- the fiber structure satisfies an average curvature of 1R or more and an average fiber diameter of 5 to 15 ⁇ m.
- the electrode material containing the fiber structure has a repulsive force as compared with the electrode material containing the structure that does not satisfy the above requirements. improves.
- the three-dimensional structure increases the number of fibers oriented in the thickness direction, a sufficient repulsive force can be obtained against compression, and contact resistance and liquid permeability between materials can be ensured, so that the electrode has low resistance. Can provide materials.
- the density increases excessively with respect to compression, so that space disappears, liquid flowability in the cell deteriorates, and battery performance also deteriorates. It ends up.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the curvature R is calculated by approximating the degree of bending of the curved fibers (curved fibers) observed in the visual field to a circle. .. The detailed measurement method will be described in detail in the column of Examples.
- the cell resistance also tends to decrease.
- the larger the mean curvature is, the better, preferably 5R or more, and more preferably 10R or more.
- the average curvature is preferably 200R or less.
- the above-mentioned "fiber structure having an average curvature of 1R or more” means that most of the fibers constituting the fiber structure are curved or curly.
- the above-mentioned "fiber structure having an average curvature R of 1 or more” has a thickness when the cross section in the thickness direction (cross section perpendicular to the fiber length direction) of the fiber structure is observed with a scanning electron microscope. It can also be said that it is a three-dimensional structure in which fibers exist in the direction.
- papers such as carbon paper have linear fibers connected to each other, and when observed under a microscope by the same method as described above, the mean curvature R is zero, which does not satisfy the requirements of the present invention. ..
- the papers are also different from the fiber structure used in the present invention in that they are two-dimensional structures in which fibers do not exist in the thickness direction but exist only in the fiber length direction.
- fiber structure satisfying the above requirements include spun yarns, filament-focused yarns, non-woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, woven fabrics, which are sheet-like materials made of carbonaceous fibers, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-20046 Special knitted fabrics, spunlaces, marifles, felts, etc. can be mentioned.
- non-woven fabrics made of carbonaceous fibers, felts, knitted fabrics, woven fabrics, and special woven and knitted fabrics are preferable from the viewpoints of handling, processability, manufacturability, and the like. More preferably, it is a non-woven fabric.
- the non-woven fabric is defined in JIS L 0222, and examples thereof include spunbond non-woven fabric, spunlace non-woven fabric, needle punch non-woven fabric, resin bond non-woven fabric, thermal bond non-woven fabric, etc., depending on the difference in manufacturing method such as entanglement, fusion, and adhesion.
- the average fiber diameter of the fiber structure is 5 to 15 ⁇ m. If the average fiber diameter is less than the above lower limit, the strength of the tissue is reduced. On the other hand, if the average fiber diameter exceeds the above upper limit, the uniformity of the tissue is impaired.
- the average fiber diameter of the structure is preferably 7 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the carbonaceous fiber is obtained by heat-carbonizing a precursor of an organic fiber, but the above-mentioned "heat carbonization treatment” includes at least a flame resistance step and a carbonization (calcination) step. Is preferable.
- the carbonization step does not necessarily have to be performed after the flame resistance step as described above, and after the graphite particles and the carbonaceous material are attached to the flame resistant fibers as described in Examples described later.
- a carbonization step may be performed, and in this case, the carbonization step after the flame resistance step can be omitted.
- the flame-resistant step means a step of heating an organic fiber precursor at a temperature of 180 ° C. or higher and 350 ° C. or lower in an air atmosphere to obtain a flame-resistant organic fiber.
- the heat treatment temperature is more preferably 190 ° C. or higher, and even more preferably 200 ° C. or higher. Further, it is preferably 330 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 300 ° C. or lower.
- the organic fibers may be thermally shrunk and the molecular orientation may be disrupted to reduce the conductivity of the carbonaceous fibers. Therefore, it is preferable to perform the flame resistance treatment of the organic fibers under tension or stretching. It is more preferable to carry out flameproofing treatment under tension.
- the flame-resistant organic fibers obtained as described above are preferably heated at a temperature of 1000 ° C. or higher and 2000 ° C. or lower in an inert atmosphere (preferably in a nitrogen atmosphere) to obtain carbonic fibers.
- the heating temperature is more preferably 1100 ° C. or higher, and even more preferably 1200 ° C. or higher. Further, it is more preferably 1900 ° C. or lower.
- the heating temperature in the carbonization step can be selected according to the type of the organic fiber used as a raw material.
- the heating temperature is preferably 800 ° C. or higher and 2000 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 1000 ° C. or higher and 1800 ° C. or lower.
- the flame resistance step and carbonization step described above are preferably carried out continuously, and the rate of temperature rise when the temperature is raised from the flame resistance temperature to the carbonization temperature is preferably 20 ° C./min or less, more preferably. Is 15 ° C./min or less.
- the rate of temperature rise is preferably 5 ° C./min or more in consideration of mechanical properties and the like.
- the electrode material of the present invention is a carbonaceous fiber (A) and carbonaceous material (C) as defined in (2) above.
- Lc (A) and Lc (C) are Lc (A) and Lc (C), respectively, Lc (C) / Lc (A) satisfies 1.0 or more. Therefore, in the present invention, Lc (A) in the carbonaceous fiber (A) is not particularly limited as long as the above (2) is satisfied, but it is preferably 1 to 15 nm.
- Lc (A) is more preferably 2 to 10 nm. The method for measuring Lc (A) will be described in detail in the column of Examples described later.
- Graphite particles (B) are necessary to increase the change in valence (reactivity) due to redox to obtain reaction activity and to increase conductivity.
- graphite particles are useful for abundantly exposing the carbon edge surface, which is a reaction field, to realize low resistance. According to the results of the study by the present inventors, when the size of the crystallites in the c-axis direction obtained by X-ray diffraction is Lc (B) for the graphite particles, the value of Lc (B) is the value of the carbon edge surface.
- Lc (B) is preferably 33 nm or less, more preferably 30 nm or less.
- the lower limit of the above value is not particularly limited from the above viewpoint, but it is preferably about 15 nm or more in consideration of ensuring conductivity and oxidation resistance.
- Graphite particles are generally roughly classified into natural graphite and artificial graphite.
- natural graphite include scaly graphite, scaly graphite, earthy graphite, spheroidal graphite, flaky graphite and the like
- artificial graphite include expanded graphite and graphite oxide.
- graphite oxide, scaly graphite, scaly graphite, earthy graphite, flaky graphite, and expanded graphite are carbon edges as reaction fields. It is preferable because it has a surface.
- scaly graphite flaky graphite, and expanded graphite are more preferable because the carbon edge surface is very exposed and low resistance can be obtained, and the cost is low and the amount of resources is abundant.
- scaly graphite means that the appearance is leaf-like.
- Scaly graphite is different from scaly graphite (which is lumpy in shape and is sometimes referred to as lump graphite).
- the graphite particles used in the present invention preferably contain 20% or more in terms of mass ratio to the total amount of the carbonaceous fibers (A), the graphite particles (B), and the carbonaceous material (C) described later. , 25% or more is more preferable.
- the graphite particles (B) can be bound by the carbonaceous material (C), and the characteristics of the graphite particles (B) can be fully exhibited.
- the upper limit is preferably 60% or less, and more preferably 50% or less.
- the content of the carbonaceous fiber (A) used for calculating the above content is the content of the structure when a structure such as a non-woven fabric is used as the base material.
- the mass ratio of the carbonaceous material (C) described later to the graphite particles (B) is preferably 0.2 or more and 3.0 or less, and preferably 0.3 or more and 2.5 or less. More preferred. If the above ratio is less than 0.2, the graphite particles (B) will fall off more often, and the effect of improving the oxidation resistance due to the addition of graphite will not be effectively exhibited. On the other hand, if the above ratio exceeds 4.0, the carbon edge surface of the graphite particles (B), which is the reaction field, is covered, and the desired low resistance cannot be obtained.
- the particle size of the graphite particles (B) used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is preferably in the range of about 0.1 to 15 ⁇ m in consideration of the specific surface area of graphite and the like.
- the “particle size” means the average particle size (D50) at a median 50% diameter in the particle size distribution obtained by a dynamic light scattering method or the like.
- Commercially available products may be used as the graphite particles, in which case the particle size described in the catalog can be adopted.
- the BET specific surface area of the graphite particles (B) used in the present invention which is determined from the amount of nitrogen adsorbed, is preferably 21 m 2 / g or more, more preferably 30 m 2 / g or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited from the above viewpoint, but it is preferably about 300 m 2 / g or less in consideration of oxidation resistance and binding property with a binder.
- the carbonaceous material is added as a binder for strongly binding carbonaceous fibers and graphite particles, which cannot be bound originally. ..
- Lc (C) when the size of the crystallites in the c-axis direction obtained by X-ray diffraction in the carbonaceous material (C) as defined in (1) above is Lc (C), Lc (C) is When less than 10 nm is satisfied and the size of the crystallites in the c-axis direction obtained by X-ray diffraction in the carbonaceous fiber (A) is Lc (A) as defined in (2) above. Lc (C) / Lc (A) needs to satisfy 1.0 or more.
- Lc (C) is preferably 8 nm or less, and more preferably 5 nm or less. If Lc (C) is less than 2 nm, the conductivity of the carbonaceous material (C) cannot be sufficiently exhibited and it becomes difficult to obtain the desired low resistance. Therefore, Lc (C) is preferably 2 nm or more, preferably 3 nm. The above is more preferable.
- the ratio of Lc (C) / Lc (A) is 1.0 or more. That is, in the present invention, since Lc (C) is larger than Lc (A), the carbonaceous material (C) has high conductivity and becomes a lower resistance electrode material.
- the above ratio is preferably 2 or more, and more preferably 3 or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 5 or less.
- the carbonaceous material (C) used in the present invention contains 14.5% or more in terms of mass ratio to the total amount of the above-mentioned carbonaceous fibers (A), graphite particles (B), and carbonaceous material (C). 20% or more is more preferable, and 30% or more is further preferable.
- the upper limit is preferably about 60% or less in consideration of the liquid pressure loss and the like. More preferably, it is 50% or less.
- the type of carbonaceous material (C) used in the present invention may be any as long as it can bind carbonaceous fibers (A) and graphite particles (B), and specifically, at the time of producing the electrode material of the present invention. It is not particularly limited as long as it exhibits binding property at the time of carbonization. Examples of such are pitches such as coal tar pitch and coal pitch; phenol resin, benzoxazine resin, epoxide resin, furan resin, vinyl ester resin, melanin-formaldehyde resin, urea-formaldehyde resin, resorcinol-formaldehyde.
- pitches such as coal tar pitch and coal pitch
- phenol resin benzoxazine resin, epoxide resin, furan resin, vinyl ester resin, melanin-formaldehyde resin, urea-formaldehyde resin, resorcinol-formaldehyde.
- resins such as resins, cyanate ester resins, bismaleimide resins, polyurethane resins and polyacrylonitrile; furfuryl alcohols; rubbers such as acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber.
- resins such as resins, cyanate ester resins, bismaleimide resins, polyurethane resins and polyacrylonitrile
- furfuryl alcohols such as acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber.
- rubbers such as acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber.
- Commercially available products may be used for these.
- pitches such as coal tar pitch and carboniferous pitch, which are particularly easily crystalline, are preferable because the desired carbonaceous material (C) can be obtained at a low firing temperature.
- a polyacrylonitrile resin is also preferably used because the desired carbonaceous material (C) can be obtained at a low firing temperature. Pitches are particularly preferable.
- the phenol resin since the phenol resin is not used, there are merits such as no harmful effects (formaldehyde generation at room temperature and formaldehyde odor) associated with the phenol resin, and no odor is generated at room temperature.
- Patent Document 4 uses a phenol resin as an adhesive, in addition to the above-mentioned adverse effects, a separate facility for controlling the formaldehyde concentration in the work place to the control concentration or less is required, which is a cost aspect. , There are disadvantages in terms of work.
- the pitches that are particularly preferably used will be described in detail.
- the content of the mesophase phase liquid crystal phase
- the content of the mesophase phase can be controlled by the temperature and time of the infusibilization treatment. If the content of the mesophase phase is low, one that melts at a relatively low temperature or is in a liquid state at room temperature can be obtained. On the other hand, if the content of the mesophase phase is high, it melts at a high temperature and a high carbonization yield can be obtained.
- the content of the mesophase phase is preferably high (that is, the carbonization rate is high), for example, 30% or more is preferable, and 50% or more is more preferable.
- the fluidity at the time of melting can be suppressed, and the carbonaceous fibers can be bound to each other through the graphite particles without excessively covering the surface of the graphite particles.
- the upper limit is preferably 90% or less, for example, in consideration of the expression of binding property.
- the melting point of the pitches is preferably 100 ° C. or higher, more preferably 200 ° C. or higher.
- the upper limit is preferably 350 ° C. or lower, for example, in consideration of the development of binding property.
- the electrode material of the present invention satisfies that the number of bound oxygen atoms on the surface of the carbon electrode material is 1.0% or more of the total number of carbon atoms on the surface of the carbon electrode material.
- the ratio of the number of bound oxygen atoms to the total number of carbon atoms may be abbreviated as O / C.
- O / C can be measured by surface analysis such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and fluorescent X-ray analysis.
- the electrode reaction rate can be significantly increased, so that low resistance can be obtained. Further, the hydrophilicity is enhanced by controlling the O / C, and the water flow rate (preferably 0.5 mm / sec or more) of the electrode material described later can be secured. On the other hand, if an electrode material having an O / C of less than 1.0% and a low oxygen concentration is used, the electrode reaction rate at the time of discharge becomes low, and the electrode reaction activity cannot be increased. As a result, resistance increases.
- the electrode reaction activity in other words, voltage efficiency
- the electrode material in which a large amount of oxygen atoms are bonded to the surface of the electrode material
- the oxygen atoms abundant on the surface are carbonaceous. It is considered that this is because it effectively acts on the affinity between the material (C) and the electrolytic solution, the transfer of electrons, the desorption of complex ions from the carbonaceous material, the complex exchange reaction, and the like.
- the electrode material of the present invention is excellent in hydrophilicity.
- the hydrophilicity can be confirmed by the water flow rate when water droplets are dropped after the electrode material is subjected to a dry oxidation treatment.
- the water flow rate of the electrode material according to the present invention is preferably 0.5 mm / sec or more. From this, it can be judged that it has a sufficient affinity for the electrolytic solution. The higher the water flow rate of the electrode material, the better, more preferably 1 mm / sec or more, still more preferably 5 mm / sec or more, still more preferably 10 mm / sec or more.
- the basis weight of the electrode material of the present invention is 50 to 50 when the thickness of the spacer 2 sandwiched between the current collector plate 1 and the ion exchange membrane 3 (hereinafter referred to as "spacer thickness") is 0.3 to 3 mm. 500 g / m 2 is preferable, and 100 to 400 g / m 2 is more preferable.
- spacer thickness the thickness of the ion exchange membrane 3 tends to be thin, and treatment and usage methods for reducing damage to the ion exchange membrane 3 are extremely important.
- a non-woven fabric or paper having a flat surface processed on one side as a base material as the electrode material of the present invention.
- Any known method can be applied to the flattening method, and examples thereof include a method of applying a slurry to one side of a carbonaceous fiber and drying it; a method of impregnation and drying on a smooth film such as PET.
- the thickness of the electrode material of the present invention is preferably at least larger than the spacer thickness.
- the spacer thickness is 1.5 to 1.5 to. 6.0 times is preferable.
- the ion exchange membrane 3 may be pierced by the compressive stress of the sheet-like material. Therefore, it is recommended to use the electrode material of the present invention having a compressive stress of 9.8 N / cm 2 or less. preferable.
- the electrode material of the present invention in order to adjust the compressive stress and the like according to the basis weight and thickness of the electrode material of the present invention, it is also possible to use the electrode material of the present invention in a laminated manner such as two layers or three layers. Alternatively, it can be combined with another form of electrode material.
- the BET specific surface area of the electrode material of the present invention determined from the amount of nitrogen adsorbed is preferably 8.1 m 2 / g or more, and more preferably 12 m 2 / g or more.
- the upper limit of the BET specific surface area is not particularly limited from the above viewpoint, but it is preferably about 150 m 2 / g or less in consideration of oxidation resistance and the like.
- the electrode material of the present invention is produced by adhering graphite particles and a precursor of a carbonaceous material (before carbonization) to a carbonaceous fiber (base material) and then undergoing a carbonization step, a graphitization step, and an oxidation treatment step. can do. In each step, a known method can be arbitrarily applied.
- Step of adhering graphite particles and precursors of carbonaceous material to carbonaceous fibers First, graphite particles and precursors of carbonaceous material are attached to carbonaceous fibers.
- a known method can be arbitrarily adopted for adhering the graphite particles and the precursor of the carbonaceous material to the carbonaceous fiber. For example, a method of heating and melting the above-mentioned carbonaceous material precursor, dispersing graphite particles in the obtained melt, immersing carbonaceous fibers in the melt dispersion, and then cooling to room temperature can be mentioned.
- the above carbonaceous material precursor and graphite particles are mixed with a solvent such as water or alcohol to which a binder (temporary adhesive) that disappears during carbonization such as polyvinyl alcohol is added.
- a method can be used in which the carbonaceous fibers are dispersed, the carbonaceous fibers are immersed in the dispersion, and then heated and dried.
- the excess liquid among the melt dispersion liquid and the dispersion liquid in which the carbonaceous fiber is immersed can be passed through a nip roller provided with a predetermined clearance to squeeze the excess dispersion liquid when immersed in the dispersion liquid.
- the surface of the excess dispersion liquid when immersed in the dispersion liquid with a doctor blade or the like can be removed by scraping the surface.
- the carbonization step is performed to bake the product after the attachment obtained in the above step. As a result, carbonaceous fibers are bound to each other via graphite particles.
- the heating temperature is more preferably 1000 ° C. or higher, further preferably 1200 ° C. or higher, even more preferably 1300 ° C. or higher, still more preferably 1500 ° C. or lower, and even more preferably 1400 ° C. or lower.
- the treatment corresponding to the carbonization step may be performed even after the fiber is made flame resistant, but the carbonization treatment performed after the fiber is made flame resistant may be omitted. That is, the method for producing the electrode material of the present invention is roughly classified into the following method 1 and method 2.
- Method 1 Flame resistance of fiber ⁇ Carbonization of fiber ⁇ Adhesion of graphite particles and carbonaceous material ⁇ Carbonization ⁇ Graphitization ⁇ Oxidation
- Method 2 Flame resistance of fiber ⁇ Adhesion of graphite particles and carbonaceous material ⁇ Carbonization ⁇ Graphitization ⁇ Oxidation According to the above method 1, the processing cost increases because carbonization is performed twice, but the sheet used as the electrode material is not easily affected by the difference in volume shrinkage ratio, so that the obtained sheet is deformed. It has the advantage of being difficult to warp.
- the processing cost can be reduced because the carbonization step may be performed once, but the sheet obtained by the difference in the volume shrinkage ratio at the time of carbonization of each material is easily deformed.
- Which of the above methods 1 and 2 should be adopted may be appropriately determined in consideration of these.
- the graphitization step is a step performed to sufficiently enhance the crystallinity of the carbonaceous material, improve the electron conductivity, and improve the oxidation resistance to the sulfuric acid solution in the electrolytic solution.
- After the carbonization step it is preferably heated at a temperature of 1300 ° C. or higher in an inert atmosphere (preferably in a nitrogen atmosphere), more preferably 1500 ° C. or higher.
- the upper limit is preferably 2000 ° C. or lower in consideration of imparting a high affinity for the electrolytic solution to the carbonaceous material.
- Oxidation treatment step By further performing the oxidation treatment step after the above graphitization step, oxygen functional groups such as hydroxyl groups, carbonyl groups, quinone groups, lactone groups, and free radical oxides are formed on the surface of the electrode material. It will be introduced. As a result, the above-mentioned O / C ratio ⁇ 1% can be achieved. Since these oxygen functional groups greatly contribute to the electrode reaction, a sufficiently low resistance can be obtained. It also increases the speed of water flow.
- oxygen functional groups such as hydroxyl groups, carbonyl groups, quinone groups, lactone groups, and free radical oxides are formed on the surface of the electrode material. It will be introduced. As a result, the above-mentioned O / C ratio ⁇ 1% can be achieved. Since these oxygen functional groups greatly contribute to the electrode reaction, a sufficiently low resistance can be obtained. It also increases the speed of water flow.
- the dry oxidation treatment step means a step of heating (oxidation treatment) in an air atmosphere, for example, at 500 ° C. or higher and 900 ° C. or lower.
- the heating temperature is more preferably 600 ° C. or higher, further preferably 650 ° C. or higher.
- 800 ° C. or lower is more preferable, and 750 ° C. or lower is further preferable.
- the mass yield of the electrode material before and after the oxidation treatment it is preferable to adjust the mass yield of the electrode material before and after the oxidation treatment to 90% or more and 96% or less from the viewpoint of maintaining the mechanical strength of the electrode material. This can be adjusted by, for example, appropriately adjusting the treatment time and temperature of dry air oxidation.
- Lc (A) of carbonaceous fiber, Lc (B) of graphite particles, and Lc (C) of carbonaceous material. ) was measured as follows. Each of the carbonaceous fibers, graphite particles, and carbonaceous material (single substance) used in this example was subjected to the same heat treatment as in Example 2 in sequence, and the final treated sample was used for measurement. Basically, carbon crystallinity is dominated by the influence of thermal energy given to the sample, and it is thought that the thermal history of the highest temperature given to the sample determines the crystallinity of Lc, but it depends on the degree of subsequent oxidation treatment. It is considered that the graphene laminated structure formed during the graphitization step is disturbed, and the crystallinity may be lowered due to the generation of defective structures. Therefore, a graphitized sample was used.
- the carbonaceous fibers (A) and graphite particles (B) used for the electrode material of the present invention, and the carbonaceous material (C) for binding them are peak-separated from the chart obtained by the above wide-angle X-ray measurement. Therefore, each Lc value was calculated. Specifically, the peak where the apex is seen in the range of 26.4 ° to 26.6 °, which is twice the diffraction angle ⁇ (2 ⁇ ), is the graphite particle (B), and the range of 25.7 ° to 26.2 °. The peak in which the apex is seen was defined as the carbonaceous material (C).
- each Lc was calculated by the following method.
- the following simple method was used without correcting the so-called Lorentz factor, polarization factor, absorption factor, atomic scattering factor and the like. That is, the real intensity from the baseline of the peak corresponding to the ⁇ 002> diffraction was re-plotted to obtain the ⁇ 002> corrected intensity curve. From the length of the line segment (half-value width ⁇ ) where the line parallel to the angle axis drawn to the height of 1/2 of the peak height intersects the correction intensity curve, the size of the crystallite in the c-axis direction is calculated by the following equation. I asked for Lc.
- Electrode material obtained by the method described later was cut into an electrode area of 16 cm 2 having an electrode area of 10 cm in the vertical direction (liquid flow direction) and 1.6 cm in the width direction, and the cell of FIG. 1 was assembled.
- a Nafion 212 membrane was used as the ion exchange membrane.
- the electrode material is one for each of the felt base materials (No. 1 to 4, No. 9 to 10) described later, and each for the spunlace base material (No. 5 to 6) and the paper base material (No. 7 to 8).
- the filling rate of the electrode material in the cell is 0.1 to 0.2 g / cc for the felt base material and 0.3 to 0 for the carbon paper base material and the spunlace base material.
- the spacer thickness was adjusted so as to be 4 g / cc.
- the reason why the filling rate in the cell was changed for each base material used in this way is that carbon paper and spunlace have a thin base material and are easily filled with high filling, so that the contact with the current collector plate is the same as that of felt. This is because the contact resistance between the electrode material and the current collector plate increases.
- the specific spacer thickness is 2.5 mm for the felt base material (No. 1 to 4, No.
- the total cell resistance was calculated by the following formula from the voltage curve after 10 cycles with a voltage range of 1.70 to 1.00 V at 100 mA / cm 2 .
- a 2.5 moL / L sulfuric acid aqueous solution of 2.0 moL / L vanadium oxysulfate was used as the positive electrode electrolytic solution, and a 2.5 moL / L sulfuric acid aqueous solution of 2.0 moL / L vanadium sulfate was used as the negative electrode electrolytic solution. ..
- the amount of electrolyte was too large for the cell and piping.
- the liquid flow rate was 10 mL per minute, and the measurement was performed at 30 ° C.
- VC50 charge voltage obtained from the electrode curve with respect to the amount of electricity when the charge rate is 50%.
- V D50 discharge voltage obtained from the electrode curve with respect to the amount of electricity when the charge rate is 50%.
- I current density (mA / cm 2 )
- BET BET Specific Surface Area
- Example 1 the scaly graphite particles A to D shown in Table 1 were used as the graphite particles (B), and an electrode material was prepared as follows and various items were measured. Of these, A, B, and D are commercially available products, and the particle sizes shown in Table 1 are the values listed in the catalog.
- C scaly graphite particles having a particle size of 5 ⁇ m were pulverized by a bead mill for 6 hours with a Labostar mini machine manufactured by Ashizawa Finetech Co., Ltd., and the particle size was measured by a laser diffraction method. Note that D is an example in which Lc (B) is large.
- Example 2 using some of the carbon particles in Table 1, an electrode material was prepared as follows and various items were measured.
- Kao's Leodor TW-L120 nonionic surfactant
- polyvinyl alcohol temporary adhesive
- JFE Chemical's MCP250 carbonaceous material
- the felt After immersing the felt produced above in the dispersion liquid thus obtained, the felt was passed through a nip roller to remove excess dispersion liquid. Next, it was dried at 150 ° C. for 20 minutes in an air atmosphere, carbonized (calcined) at 1000 ° C. for 1 hour in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then graphitized at 1500 ° C. for 1 hour. After graphitization, an electrode material (No. 1) having a thickness of 3.8 mm and a basis weight of 278.0 g / m 2 was obtained by oxidation treatment at 700 ° C. for 10 minutes in an air atmosphere.
- No. 9 denotes a comparative example simulating the above-mentioned Patent Document 3, in which carbonaceous fibers were treated as follows without using graphite particles and a carbonaceous material to obtain an electrode material.
- a felt made of flame-resistant polyacrylonitrile fiber (thickness 4.3 mm, grain size 150 g / m 2 , fiber diameter 10 ⁇ m, mean curvature 32 R) was carbonized (calcined) at 1000 ° C. for 1 hour in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then 1500. Graphitized at ° C. for 1 hour and oxidized at 700 ° C. for 15 minutes.
- An electrode material (comparative example) of 9 (thickness 4.0 mm, basis weight 150 g / m 2 , average curvature 32R, average fiber diameter 10 ⁇ m) was produced.
- the rate of temperature rise when raising the temperature from the flame resistance temperature to the carbonization temperature is No. Same as 1.
- Table 2A and Table 2B show the above No. The measurement results of various items in 1 to 10 are shown.
- No. Nos. 1 to 6 are electrode materials satisfying the requirements of the present invention, and low resistance electrode materials were obtained in each case.
- No. Nos. 7 to 8 are examples of using carbon paper in which the mean curvature of the base material does not satisfy the requirements of the present invention, and no reduction in resistance was observed.
- No. No. 9 is an example in which no graphite particles or carbonaceous material is used and only carbonaceous fibers are used, and no reduction in resistance is observed.
- Reference numeral 10 denotes an example of carbonaceous fiber and carbonaceous material without using graphite particles, and no reduction in resistance was observed in this case either.
- the cell resistance at the time of initial charge / discharge can be reduced, and a carbon electrode material having excellent battery energy efficiency can be provided. Therefore, it is useful as an electrode material for a redox battery using, for example, a vanadium-based electrolytic solution.
- the carbon electrode material of the present invention is suitably used for flow type and non-flow type Redox batteries, redox batteries combined with lithium, capacitor, and fuel cell systems.
Abstract
Description
2)電極反応活性が高いこと、具体的にはセル抵抗(R)が小さいこと。すなわち電圧効率(ηV)が高いこと。
3)上記1)、2)に関連する電池エネルギー効率(ηE)が高いこと。
ηE=ηI×ηV
4)繰返し使用に対する劣化が小さいこと(高寿命)、具体的には電池エネルギー効率(ηE)の低下量が小さいこと。
(1)炭素質材料(C)における、X線回折で求めたc軸方向の結晶子の大きさをLc(C)としたとき、Lc(C)は10nm未満、
(2)炭素質繊維(A)における、X線回折で求めたc軸方向の結晶子の大きさをLc(A)としたとき、Lc(C)/Lc(A)は1.0以上、
(3)炭素質繊維(A)の構造体における、平均曲率は1R以上および平均繊維径は5~15μm、
(4)炭素電極材表面の結合酸素原子数が炭素電極材表面の全炭素原子数の1.0%以上。
2.黒鉛粒子(B)における、X線回折で求めたc軸方向の結晶子の大きさをLc(B)としたとき、Lc(B)は35nm未満である1に記載の炭素電極材。
3.炭素質繊維(A)、黒鉛粒子(B)、および炭素質材料(C)の合計量に対する前記黒鉛粒子(B)および前記炭素質材料(C)の質量含有率がそれぞれ20%以上であり、かつ、前記黒鉛粒子(B)に対する前記炭素質材料(C)の質量比が0.2~4.0である1に記載の炭素電極材。
4.窒素吸着量から求められるBET比表面積が8.1m2/g以上である1~3のいずれかに記載の炭素電極材。
5.水滴を垂らした時の通水速度が0.5mm/sec以上である1~4のいずれかに記載の炭素電極材。
6.1~5のいずれかに記載の炭素電極材を備えたレドックス電池。
7.1~5のいずれかに記載の炭素電極材を用いたバナジウム系レドックス電池。
(1)X線回折で求めたc軸方向の結晶子の大きさをLc(C)としたとき、Lc(C)は10nm未満
(2)炭素質繊維における、X線回折で求めたc軸方向の結晶子の大きさをLc(A)としたとき、Lc(C)/Lc(A)は1.0以上
ここで「炭素質繊維(A)と黒鉛粒子(B)の両方を結着する」(換言すれば、本発明に用いられる炭素質材料は炭素質繊維と黒鉛粒子の結着剤として作用する)とは、当該炭素質材料によって炭素質繊維および黒鉛粒子の表面および内部(炭素質繊維間、黒鉛粒子同士を含む)が強く結着されて、電極材全体としてみた場合に当該炭素質材料により炭素質繊維が被覆されつつ、黒鉛粒子の表面が露出しているように構成されていることを意味する。
但し、結着後の炭素質材料は被膜状態にならないことが好ましい。ここで「被膜状態にならない」とは、炭素質繊維(A)の繊維間において炭素質材料(C)が全蹼足(ボクソク)や蹼足のような水かき状態を形成しないことを意味する。被膜状態を形成した場合、電解液の通液性が悪化し、上記黒鉛粒子の反応表面積を有効利用できないためである。
まず、炭素質繊維に黒鉛粒子および炭素質材料の前駆体を添着させる。炭素質繊維に黒鉛粒子及び炭素質材料の前駆体を添着させるには、公知の方法を任意に採用できる。例えば上記の炭素質材料前駆体を加熱して溶融させ、得られた溶融液中に黒鉛粒子を分散させ、この溶融分散液に炭素質繊維を浸漬した後、室温まで冷却する手法が挙げられる。或は、後記する実施例に示すように、上記の炭素質材料前駆体と黒鉛粒子を、ポリビニルアルコールなどのように炭化時に消失するバインダー(仮接着剤)を添加した水やアルコールなどの溶媒に分散させ、この分散液に炭素質繊維を浸漬した後、加熱して乾燥する手法を用いることができる。ここで、炭素質繊維を浸漬した上記溶融分散液や分散液のうち余分な液は、所定のクリアランスを設けたニップローラーに通すことで分散液に浸漬した際の余分な分散液を絞ったり、或は、ドクターブレード等で分散液に浸漬した際の余分な分散液の表面をかきとる等の方法で除去することができる。
・方法1:繊維の耐炎化→繊維の炭素化→黒鉛粒子および炭素質材料の添着→炭素化→黒鉛化→酸化
・方法2:繊維の耐炎化→黒鉛粒子および炭素質材料の添着→炭素化→黒鉛化→酸化
上記方法1によれば、炭素化を2回行うため加工コストが上昇するものの、電極材として使用するシートは体積収縮比率の差による影響を受け難いため、得られるシートが変形(反り発生)し難いという利点がある。一方、上記方法2によれば、炭素化工程を1回行えば良いため加工コストを低減できるものの、各材料の炭素化時における体積収縮比率の差により得られるシートが変形し易くなる。上記方法1、2のいずれを採用するかは、これらを勘案して適宜決定すれば良い。
ここで、波長λ=1.5418Å、構造係数k=0.9、βは<002>回折ピークの半値幅を、θは<002>回折角を示す。
使用した各繊維の断面を走査型電子顕微鏡(1000倍)で観察し、任意に5本の繊維を抽出して断面積を測定した。この断面積を、丸形断面形状繊維の断面積とみなして、下式にて繊維径を算出した。合計5本の繊維径の平均値を算出し、これを繊維構造体の平均繊維径とした。
繊維径(μm)=√(4×断面積(μm2)/3.14)
ここで、
VC50は、充電率が50%のときの電気量に対する充電電圧を電極曲線から求めたもの、
VD50は、充電率が50%のときの電気量に対する放電電圧を電極曲線から求めたもの、
I=電流密度(mA/cm2)
電極からの高さ5cmの地点において、3mmφのピペットから1滴のイオン交換水を電極上に落とし、垂らした水滴が浸透するまでの時間を計測して、下式により水の通水速度を算出した。
水の通水速度(mm/sec)
=電極材の厚み(mm)÷水滴が浸透するまでの時間(sec)
2 スペーサー
3 イオン交換膜
4a,4b 通液路
5 電極材
6 正極電解液タンク
7 負極電解液タンク
8,9 ポンプ
10 液流入口
11 液流出口
12,13 外部流路
Claims (7)
- 炭素質繊維(A)と、黒鉛粒子(B)と、これらを結着する炭素質材料(C)と、からなり、下記の要件を満足することを特徴とする炭素電極材。
(1)炭素質材料(C)における、X線回折で求めたc軸方向の結晶子の大きさをLc(C)としたとき、Lc(C)は10nm未満、
(2)炭素質繊維(A)における、X線回折で求めたc軸方向の結晶子の大きさをLc(A)としたとき、Lc(C)/Lc(A)は1.0以上、
(3)炭素質繊維(A)の構造体における、平均曲率は1R以上および平均繊維径は5~15μm、
(4)炭素電極材表面の結合酸素原子数が炭素電極材表面の全炭素原子数の1.0%以上。 - 黒鉛粒子(B)における、X線回折で求めたc軸方向の結晶子の大きさをLc(B)としたとき、Lc(B)は35nm未満である請求項1に記載の炭素電極材。
- 炭素質繊維(A)、黒鉛粒子(B)、および炭素質材料(C)の合計量に対する前記黒鉛粒子(B)および前記炭素質材料(C)の質量含有率がそれぞれ20%以上であり、かつ、前記黒鉛粒子(B)に対する前記炭素質材料(C)の質量比が0.2~4.0である請求項1に記載の炭素電極材。
- 窒素吸着量から求められるBET比表面積が8.1m2/g以上である請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の炭素電極材。
- 水滴を垂らした時の通水速度が0.5mm/sec以上である請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の炭素電極材。
- 請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の炭素電極材を備えたレドックス電池。
- 請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の炭素電極材を備えたバナジウム系レドックス電池。
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202080019687.7A CN113544888B (zh) | 2019-03-13 | 2020-03-12 | 碳电极材料和氧化还原电池 |
JP2020548829A JP7388361B2 (ja) | 2019-03-13 | 2020-03-12 | 炭素電極材及びレドックス電池 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2019046209 | 2019-03-13 | ||
JP2019-046209 | 2019-03-13 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2020184663A1 true WO2020184663A1 (ja) | 2020-09-17 |
Family
ID=72426623
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2020/010822 WO2020184663A1 (ja) | 2019-03-13 | 2020-03-12 | 炭素電極材及びレドックス電池 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP7388361B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN113544888B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2020184663A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2021225107A1 (ja) * | 2020-05-08 | 2021-11-11 | 東洋紡株式会社 | マンガン/チタン系レドックスフロー電池用炭素電極材 |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113544887A (zh) * | 2019-03-13 | 2021-10-22 | 东洋纺株式会社 | 氧化还原液流电池用碳电极材料及具备其的氧化还原液流电池 |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS59101776A (ja) * | 1982-11-30 | 1984-06-12 | Toyobo Co Ltd | 電極材 |
JPS63222080A (ja) * | 1987-03-10 | 1988-09-14 | 東レ株式会社 | 炭素繊維多孔体の製造方法 |
WO2003034519A1 (fr) * | 2001-10-16 | 2003-04-24 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Textile tisse en fibres de carbone pour pile a combustible, element electrode, pile a combustible, unite mobile et procede de production dudit textile |
JP2013016476A (ja) * | 2011-06-09 | 2013-01-24 | Toray Ind Inc | ガス拡散電極基材およびその製造方法 |
JP2017033758A (ja) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-02-09 | 東洋紡株式会社 | レドックス電池用炭素電極材 |
WO2019049756A1 (ja) * | 2017-09-07 | 2019-03-14 | 東洋紡株式会社 | レドックスフロー電池用炭素電極材およびその製造方法 |
WO2019049755A1 (ja) * | 2017-09-07 | 2019-03-14 | 東洋紡株式会社 | レドックスフロー電池用炭素電極材およびその製造方法 |
WO2019049934A1 (ja) * | 2017-09-07 | 2019-03-14 | 東洋紡株式会社 | 燃料電池用ガス拡散層基材、燃料電池用ガス拡散層、燃料電池 |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2001085026A (ja) * | 1999-09-10 | 2001-03-30 | Toyobo Co Ltd | 炭素電極材集合体 |
US20070092428A1 (en) * | 2003-10-31 | 2007-04-26 | Showa Denko K.K. | Carbon material for battery electrode and production method and use thereof |
KR101391217B1 (ko) * | 2005-12-05 | 2014-05-07 | 쇼와 덴코 가부시키가이샤 | 흑연 재료, 전지 전극용 탄소 재료 및 전지 |
CN104109946B (zh) * | 2010-01-21 | 2017-01-04 | 太克万株式会社 | 碳纤维制无纺布及其制造方法 |
KR20120046253A (ko) * | 2010-06-30 | 2012-05-09 | 파나소닉 주식회사 | 비수 전해질 이차전지용 음극 및 그 제조방법 |
JP2015138692A (ja) * | 2014-01-23 | 2015-07-30 | 東洋紡株式会社 | 一体化炭素電極 |
JP5877284B1 (ja) * | 2014-05-30 | 2016-03-02 | 昭和電工株式会社 | 炭素材料、その製造方法及びその用途 |
CN106537661B (zh) * | 2014-07-15 | 2019-09-13 | 东丽株式会社 | 电极材料以及使用它的锂离子电池或锂离子电容器 |
JP6436085B2 (ja) * | 2014-07-15 | 2018-12-12 | 東レ株式会社 | 金属空気電池用電極材料 |
JP2017033757A (ja) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-02-09 | 東洋紡株式会社 | レドックス電池用炭素電極材 |
CN106450362B (zh) * | 2016-11-11 | 2019-05-03 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | 一种钒电池电极组件 |
-
2020
- 2020-03-12 JP JP2020548829A patent/JP7388361B2/ja active Active
- 2020-03-12 WO PCT/JP2020/010822 patent/WO2020184663A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2020-03-12 CN CN202080019687.7A patent/CN113544888B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS59101776A (ja) * | 1982-11-30 | 1984-06-12 | Toyobo Co Ltd | 電極材 |
JPS63222080A (ja) * | 1987-03-10 | 1988-09-14 | 東レ株式会社 | 炭素繊維多孔体の製造方法 |
WO2003034519A1 (fr) * | 2001-10-16 | 2003-04-24 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Textile tisse en fibres de carbone pour pile a combustible, element electrode, pile a combustible, unite mobile et procede de production dudit textile |
JP2013016476A (ja) * | 2011-06-09 | 2013-01-24 | Toray Ind Inc | ガス拡散電極基材およびその製造方法 |
JP2017033758A (ja) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-02-09 | 東洋紡株式会社 | レドックス電池用炭素電極材 |
WO2019049756A1 (ja) * | 2017-09-07 | 2019-03-14 | 東洋紡株式会社 | レドックスフロー電池用炭素電極材およびその製造方法 |
WO2019049755A1 (ja) * | 2017-09-07 | 2019-03-14 | 東洋紡株式会社 | レドックスフロー電池用炭素電極材およびその製造方法 |
WO2019049934A1 (ja) * | 2017-09-07 | 2019-03-14 | 東洋紡株式会社 | 燃料電池用ガス拡散層基材、燃料電池用ガス拡散層、燃料電池 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2021225107A1 (ja) * | 2020-05-08 | 2021-11-11 | 東洋紡株式会社 | マンガン/チタン系レドックスフロー電池用炭素電極材 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN113544888A (zh) | 2021-10-22 |
JP7388361B2 (ja) | 2023-11-29 |
CN113544888B (zh) | 2023-08-11 |
JPWO2020184663A1 (ja) | 2020-09-17 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP7049350B2 (ja) | レドックスフロー電池用炭素電極材およびその製造方法 | |
JP7088197B2 (ja) | レドックスフロー電池用炭素電極材およびその製造方法 | |
JP6617464B2 (ja) | レドックス電池用炭素電極材 | |
JP6786776B2 (ja) | レドックス電池用電極材の製造方法 | |
JP6973075B2 (ja) | レドックス電池用炭素電極材 | |
JP2017027918A (ja) | レドックスフロー電池用電極材 | |
JP2023154069A (ja) | 炭素電極材及びレドックス電池 | |
WO2020184663A1 (ja) | 炭素電極材及びレドックス電池 | |
WO2020184451A1 (ja) | マンガン/チタン系レドックスフロー電池用炭素電極材 | |
JP6809257B2 (ja) | 炭素質材料およびこれを用いた電池 | |
WO2021225106A1 (ja) | レドックスフロー電池用炭素電極材、及び該炭素電極材を備えたレドックスフロー電池 | |
WO2020184664A1 (ja) | 炭素電極材およびそれを備えたレドックス電池 | |
WO2020184449A1 (ja) | レドックスフロー電池用炭素電極材およびそれを備えたレドックスフロー電池 | |
WO2020184450A1 (ja) | マンガン/チタン系レドックスフロー電池用炭素正極電極材およびそれを備えた電池 | |
WO2021225107A1 (ja) | マンガン/チタン系レドックスフロー電池用炭素電極材 | |
WO2021225105A1 (ja) | レドックスフロー電池用炭素電極材、及び該炭素電極材を備えたレドックスフロー電池 | |
WO2023080236A1 (ja) | レドックスフロー電池用電極材及びそれを備えたレドックスフロー電池 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2020548829 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 20769805 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 20769805 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 521430250 Country of ref document: SA |