WO2020153311A1 - 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020153311A1 WO2020153311A1 PCT/JP2020/001766 JP2020001766W WO2020153311A1 WO 2020153311 A1 WO2020153311 A1 WO 2020153311A1 JP 2020001766 W JP2020001766 W JP 2020001766W WO 2020153311 A1 WO2020153311 A1 WO 2020153311A1
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- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- group
- carbon atoms
- aligning agent
- integer
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- 0 *Cc1cc(-c(cc2CO)cc(CO)c2O*)cc(CO)c1O* Chemical compound *Cc1cc(-c(cc2CO)cc(CO)c2O*)cc(CO)c1O* 0.000 description 31
- QHPDXLWQXFCEAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)(C)OC(N(CCc1ccc(C)cc1)C(NCCc1ccc(C)cc1)=O)=O Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(N(CCc1ccc(C)cc1)C(NCCc1ccc(C)cc1)=O)=O QHPDXLWQXFCEAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRIRUWWYQXWRNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)(c(cc1CO)cc(CO)c1O)c(cc1CO)cc(CO)c1O Chemical compound CC(C)(c(cc1CO)cc(CO)c1O)c(cc1CO)cc(CO)c1O ZRIRUWWYQXWRNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XIAHSJTUQAWUAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)(c1ccc(C)cc1)c1ccc(C)cc1 Chemical compound CC(C)(c1ccc(C)cc1)c1ccc(C)cc1 XIAHSJTUQAWUAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DRKWYMNJIJGZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)OC(N(CC(CC1)CCN1c1ccc(C)cc1)c1ccc(C)cc1)=O Chemical compound CC(C)OC(N(CC(CC1)CCN1c1ccc(C)cc1)c1ccc(C)cc1)=O DRKWYMNJIJGZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLFAGVGROABYAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(CC1)CCC1C(CC1)CCC1C1C=C(COC)C(OC)=C(COC)C1 Chemical compound CC(CC1)CCC1C(CC1)CCC1C1C=C(COC)C(OC)=C(COC)C1 DLFAGVGROABYAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSIUDVJZJGPFET-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(CC1)CCC1C(CC1)CCC1c(cc1COC)cc(COC)c1OC Chemical compound CC(CC1)CCC1C(CC1)CCC1c(cc1COC)cc(COC)c1OC LSIUDVJZJGPFET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WEOJXQAGZFXOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(CC1)CCC1c(cc1CO)cc(CO)c1O Chemical compound CC(CC1)CCC1c(cc1CO)cc(CO)c1O WEOJXQAGZFXOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJQUSNILRUTHSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N COCCOc1c(COC)cc(C(CC2)CCC2C2CCCCC2)cc1COC Chemical compound COCCOc1c(COC)cc(C(CC2)CCC2C2CCCCC2)cc1COC IJQUSNILRUTHSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAVKXEVDIRLTOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N COCc1cc(C(CC2)CCC2C(CC2)CCC2S)cc(COC)c1OC Chemical compound COCc1cc(C(CC2)CCC2C(CC2)CCC2S)cc(COC)c1OC VAVKXEVDIRLTOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XPIUSASXDARTQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N COCc1cc(C(CC2)CCC2C2CCCCC2)cc(COC)c1OC Chemical compound COCc1cc(C(CC2)CCC2C2CCCCC2)cc(COC)c1OC XPIUSASXDARTQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CIUCXNRSXAWFAU-ISLYRVAYSA-N Cc(cc1)ccc1/N=N/c1c(C)cc(C)c(OC)c1 Chemical compound Cc(cc1)ccc1/N=N/c1c(C)cc(C)c(OC)c1 CIUCXNRSXAWFAU-ISLYRVAYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNVWWDKUMKBZQV-FOCLMDBBSA-N Cc(cc1)ccc1/N=N/c1ccc(C)cc1 Chemical compound Cc(cc1)ccc1/N=N/c1ccc(C)cc1 WNVWWDKUMKBZQV-FOCLMDBBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXIIEJIJAXPZBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc(cc1)ccc1C#Cc(cc1)ccc1C(Oc1ccc(C)cc1)=O Chemical compound Cc(cc1)ccc1C#Cc(cc1)ccc1C(Oc1ccc(C)cc1)=O TXIIEJIJAXPZBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UDBNVTCJMBTEFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc(cc1)ccc1OC(c(cc1)ccc1OCCCCOc(cc1)ccc1C(Oc1ccc(C)cc1)=O)=O Chemical compound Cc(cc1)ccc1OC(c(cc1)ccc1OCCCCOc(cc1)ccc1C(Oc1ccc(C)cc1)=O)=O UDBNVTCJMBTEFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFYPIRSGZFVMBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc(cc1)ccc1Oc1ccc(C(C(C23)c(ccc(Oc4ccc(C)cc4)c4)c4OC2=O)C3C(O2)=O)c2c1 Chemical compound Cc(cc1)ccc1Oc1ccc(C(C(C23)c(ccc(Oc4ccc(C)cc4)c4)c4OC2=O)C3C(O2)=O)c2c1 OFYPIRSGZFVMBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WEAYCYAIVOIUMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc(cc1)ccc1S(c1ccc(C)cc1)(=O)=O Chemical compound Cc(cc1)ccc1S(c1ccc(C)cc1)(=O)=O WEAYCYAIVOIUMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJPWCEGGZNHWPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc(cc1C(F)(F)F)ccc1-c1ccc(C)cc1C(F)(F)F Chemical compound Cc(cc1C(F)(F)F)ccc1-c1ccc(C)cc1C(F)(F)F FJPWCEGGZNHWPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMVOQQDNEYOJOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1cc(C(O)=O)cc(C)c1 Chemical compound Cc1cc(C(O)=O)cc(C)c1 UMVOQQDNEYOJOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWEIAGSMFHSSES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1ccc(C(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)c2ccc(C)cc2)cc1 Chemical compound Cc1ccc(C(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)c2ccc(C)cc2)cc1 OWEIAGSMFHSSES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSHPAMZIYMYIJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1ccc(CCc(cc2)ccc2OCCOCCOc2ccc(CCc3ccc(C)cc3)cc2)cc1 Chemical compound Cc1ccc(CCc(cc2)ccc2OCCOCCOc2ccc(CCc3ccc(C)cc3)cc2)cc1 JSHPAMZIYMYIJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCEDBFHGRARVAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1cccc(C(c2c(C)cccc22)=O)c1C2=O Chemical compound Cc1cccc(C(c2c(C)cccc22)=O)c1C2=O UCEDBFHGRARVAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CGXDIDXEMHMPIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1cccc(C(c2cccc(C)c2)=O)c1 Chemical compound Cc1cccc(C(c2cccc(C)c2)=O)c1 CGXDIDXEMHMPIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKRNLSUTBJUVKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N OCCN(CCO)C(CCCCC(N(CCO)CCO)=O)=O Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)C(CCCCC(N(CCO)CCO)=O)=O OKRNLSUTBJUVKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08L79/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/06—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Ortho-esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/13—Phenols; Phenolates
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
- G02F1/133723—Polyimide, polyamide-imide
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal alignment agent, a liquid crystal alignment film, and a liquid crystal display device.
- the liquid crystal display element is known as a lightweight, thin, and low power consumption display device.
- the liquid crystal alignment film plays a role of aligning the liquid crystal in a certain direction.
- the liquid crystal alignment film is obtained by applying a liquid crystal aligning agent containing a solution of a polymer represented by a polyimide precursor such as polyamic acid (also referred to as polyamic acid) or polyamic acid ester or a soluble polyimide to a substrate, and baking the same. It is manufactured by forming a film.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent containing a solution of a polymer represented by a polyimide precursor such as polyamic acid (also referred to as polyamic acid) or polyamic acid ester or a soluble polyimide to a substrate, and baking the same. It is manufactured by forming a film.
- develop liquid crystal aligning agents by means of the above-mentioned structural changes of polymers, blending of polymers with different characteristics, and the use of additives. Is being
- the purpose of adding the additive to the liquid crystal aligning agent is to impart a pretilt angle to the liquid crystal (see, for example, Patent Document 1) and improve the mechanical strength of the resulting liquid crystal aligning film by a crosslinking reaction of the additive (for example, see Patent (See Reference 2), etc., and various additives having a structure and characteristics suitable for the purpose are used.
- Patent Document 1 a pretilt angle to the liquid crystal
- Patent Document 2 a crosslinking reaction of the additive
- various additives having a structure and characteristics suitable for the purpose are used.
- problems such as deterioration of liquid crystal alignment and contamination of liquid crystal due to the use of additives, and new additives capable of solving the trade-off with them are required.
- improvement in easiness of synthesis and cost is also required.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal aligning agent using an additive having a novel structure capable of highly functionalizing the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent comprising at least one polymer selected from a polyimide precursor and its imidized polyimide, and a compound of the following formula (1) (hereinafter, also referred to as a specific compound).
- X 1 and X 2 are each independently a single bond, —(CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 15), —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CON(CH 3 ) Represents -, -NH-, -O-, -COO-, -OCO- or -((CH 2 ) a1 -A 1 ) m1 -.
- plural a1 are each independently an integer of 1 to 15
- plural A 1 are independently oxygen atom or —COO—
- m 1 is 1 to 2.
- G 1 and G 2 each independently represent a divalent cyclic group selected from a divalent aromatic group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms or a divalent alicyclic group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
- Any hydrogen atom on the cyclic group may be an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a fluorine-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Alternatively, it may be substituted with a fluorine atom.
- m and n are each independently an integer of 0 to 3, and the sum of m and n is 1 to 4.
- q is an integer of 1 or 2.
- R 1 represents alkyl having 1 to 20 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 20 carbons or alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 20 carbons. Any hydrogen forming R 1 may be replaced by fluorine.
- Z represents the above formula (Z-1) or (Z-2), when Z is (Z-1), q is 1, and when Z is (Z-2), q is 2.
- Y 1 and Y 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and * represents a bond with X 1 .
- liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention By using the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention, it becomes possible to give and control a pretilt angle to the liquid crystal, and at the same time, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the alignment property, which is a disadvantage of using an additive, and to provide a liquid crystal display device with high display quality. It becomes possible to obtain.
- additives Since conventional additives have low molecular weight, the additives tend to be unevenly distributed on the surface layer of the liquid crystal alignment film when the liquid crystal alignment film is manufactured. Further, since these additives do not have liquid crystal aligning ability or pretilt imparting ability, when present on the surface, the side chain structure or the like of the polymer may prevent the liquid crystal from being oriented or imparting a pretilt angle. is there.
- the specific compound of the present invention has a side chain structure that imparts a pretilt angle to the liquid crystal. With this, even when a specific compound is unevenly distributed on the surface layer of the liquid crystal alignment film during the production of the liquid crystal alignment film, it does not hinder the vertical alignment of the liquid crystal, but rather supports the pretilt angle imparting ability of the side chain structure of the polymer. It is thought to work for. When a polymer having no side chain structure is used as the polymer in the liquid crystal alignment film, the specific compound itself imparts a pretilt angle to the liquid crystal.
- the specific compound of the present invention also has a crosslinkable structure, the hardness of the film is increased, and as a result, a liquid crystal display device with high display quality can be obtained.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention has at least one polymer selected from a polyimide precursor and a polyimide which is an imidized product thereof, and a specific compound of the above formula (1).
- a polyimide precursor and a polyimide which is an imidized product thereof
- a specific compound of the above formula (1) each constituent element will be described in detail.
- X 1 and X 2 are each independently a single bond, —(CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 15), —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CON(CH 3 ) Represents -, -NH-, -O-, -COO-, -OCO- or -((CH 2 ) a1 -A 1 ) m1 -.
- plural a1 are each independently an integer of 1 to 15
- plural A 1 are independently oxygen atom or —COO—
- m 1 is 1 to 2.
- X 1 and X 2 are each independently a single bond, —(CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 15), —O. -, - CH 2 O-or -COO-, more preferably a single bond, - (CH 2) a - (a is an integer of 1 ⁇ 10), - O - , - CH 2 O- or -COO- is More preferable.
- G 1 and G 2 each independently represent a divalent cyclic group selected from a divalent aromatic group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms or a divalent alicyclic group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
- Any hydrogen atom on the cyclic group may be an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a fluorine-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Alternatively, it may be substituted with a fluorine atom.
- m and n are each independently an integer of 0 to 3, and the sum of m and n is 1 to 4.
- q is an integer of 1 or 2.
- R 1 represents alkyl having 1 to 20 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 20 carbons or alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 20 carbons. Any hydrogen forming R 1 may be replaced by fluorine.
- examples of the divalent aromatic group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms include phenylene, biphenylene, naphthalene and the like. Further, examples of the divalent alicyclic group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms include cyclopropylene and cyclohexylene.
- Z represents the above formula (Z-1) or (Z-2), when Z is (Z-1), q is 1, and when Z is (Z-2), q is 2.
- Y 1 and Y 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and * represents a bond with X 1 .
- the following formulas (S1-x1) to (S1-x8) are mentioned as preferable specific examples of the formula (1), but the formula (1) is not limited to these. More preferably, when Z is (Z-1), the following formulas (S1-x1), (S1-x2), (S1-x4) and (S1-x5) are included, and Z is (Z-2 In the case of (), (S1-x1) to (S1-x5) can be mentioned.
- R 1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyalkyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms
- X p is a single bond, —(CH 2 ) a -(A is an integer of 1 to 15), -CONH-, -NHCO-, -CON(CH 3 )-, -NH-, -O-, -CH 2 O-, -CH 2 OCO-,- COO- or -OCO- is shown
- a 1 is an oxygen atom or -COO-* (however, the bond marked with "*" is bonded to (CH 2 ) a2 )
- a 2 is an oxygen atom or * -COO- (wherein "*" is a bond marked with (CH 2) binds to a2) is, a 1, a 3 are each independently an integer of 0 or 1, a 2 Is an integer of 1 to 10, and Cy is a 1,
- Z represents the above formula (Z-1) or (Z-2), and when Z is (Z-1), q is 1. When Z is (Z-2), q is 2.
- Y 1 and Y 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Preferred is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms. * Represents a bond with X 1 .
- the specific compound represented by the above formula (1) wherein Z is the above formula (Z-1), the sum of m and n is 3, and [1] Y 1 and Y 2 are hydrogen atoms.
- the specific compound (A), [2] Y 1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and Y 2 is a hydrogen atom, the above formula (1)
- the specific compound represented by () is defined as a specific compound (F).
- a specific compound represented by the above formula (1), wherein Z is the above formula (Z-1), the sum of m and n is 2, and [1] Y 1 and Y 2 are hydrogen atoms, is specified.
- the specific compound represented by the formula (1), wherein [3] Y 1 , Y 2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an alkoxyalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the specific compound represented is referred to as a specific compound (G).
- the specific compound represented by the above formula (1) in which Z is the above formula (Z-2) is referred to as a specific compound (C).
- Specific compounds of the specific compounds (A) to (G) include the following.
- R 1 is the same as the above formula (1).
- alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide
- alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and cesium carbonate
- formaldehyde source examples include aqueous formaldehyde solution (formalin) and paraformaldehyde.
- reaction solvent pure water, alcohol solvent (methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, tert-butyl alcohol, etc.), ethers (Et 2 O, i-Pr 2 O, TBME, CPME, THF, dioxane, etc.), non-solvent
- a protic polar organic solvent DMF, DMSO, DMAc, NMP, etc.
- reaction temperature is not particularly limited, but is in the range from -20°C to the boiling point of the solvent used, preferably -10 to 100°C.
- the specific compound [A] or [B] obtained by the above reaction can be purified by recrystallization, column chromatography using silica gel or the like.
- R 1 and Y 1 are the same as the above formula (1).
- X represents Cl, Br or I
- LG-Cl represents methanesulfonyl chloride, ethanesulfonyl chloride or p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (LG represents a leaving group, methanesulfonyl group, ethanesulfonyl group, p-toluene). Represents a sulfonyl group).
- n 1 represents 0 to 7.
- the compound [CI] can be obtained by reacting the compound [BI] with a hydroxy group-containing organic halide in the presence of a base.
- Hydroxy group-containing organic halides include 2-chloroethanol, 2-bromoethanol, 2-iodoethanol, 3-chloro-1-propanol, 3-bromo-1-propanol, 4-chloro-1-butanol, 4- Examples thereof include bromo-1-butanol, 5-chloro-1-pentanol, 5-bromo-1-pentanol, 6-chloro-1-hexanol and 6-bromo-1-hexanol.
- alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide
- alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and cesium carbonate
- the reaction solvent acetone, acetonitrile, aprotic polar organic solvent (DMF, DMSO, DMAc, NMP, etc.) and the like are preferable. These solvents can be appropriately selected in consideration of easiness of reaction and the like, and can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a catalyst can be added to promote the reaction, and sodium iodide or potassium iodide can be used as the catalyst.
- the reaction temperature is not particularly limited, but is in the range of 0° C. to the boiling point of the solvent used, preferably 20 to 140° C.
- the compound [CI] obtained by the above reaction can be purified by recrystallization, column chromatography with silica gel or the like.
- Compound [C-II] can be obtained by reacting compound [CI] with methanesulfonyl chloride, ethanesulfonyl chloride or p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in the presence of a base.
- the base include inorganic bases such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, lithium carbonate and cesium carbonate; methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, propylamine, dipropylamine, tripropylamine, isopropylamine, diisopropylamine.
- Triisopropylamine, butylamine, dibutylamine, tributylamine, diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, imidazole, quinoline, collidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, N-methylmorpholine and other amines can be used. Any reaction solvent can be used as long as it is stable under the reaction conditions, is inert, and does not interfere with the reaction.
- an aprotic polar organic solvent (DMF (dimethylformamide), DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide), DMAc (dimethylacetamide), NMP (N-methylpyrrolidone), etc.), etc.), ethers (Et 2 O, i-Pr 2 O, TBME, CPME, THF, dioxane, etc., aliphatic hydrocarbons (pentane, hexane, heptane, petroleum ether, etc.), aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, xylene, mesitylene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, nitrobenzene) , Tetralin, etc.), halogenated hydrocarbons (chloroform, dichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, dichloroethane, etc.), lower fatty acid esters (methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl
- solvents can be appropriately selected in consideration of the easiness of reaction and the like, and can be used alone or in combination of two or more. In some cases, the above solvent can also be used as a water-free solvent by using an appropriate dehydrating agent or drying agent.
- the reaction temperature can be selected preferably in a temperature range from ⁇ 20° C. or higher to the boiling point temperature of the reaction solvent used, but is preferably ⁇ 10 to 100° C.
- the compound [C-II] obtained by the above reaction can be purified by recrystallization, column chromatography using silica gel or the like.
- the specific compound [C] can be obtained by reacting the compound [C-II] with the compound [C-III] in the presence of a base.
- Specific examples of the compound [C-III] include [C-III-1] to [C-III-3].
- the method for synthesizing the specific compound of the present invention is not particularly limited, but the specific compound [D] can be obtained by reacting the specific compound [A] in an alcohol solvent in the presence of an acid catalyst. Similarly, the specific compound [E] can be obtained by reacting with the specific compound [B] in an alcohol solvent in the presence of an acid catalyst.
- R 1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an alkoxyalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the acid catalyst used here includes, for example, p-toluenesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, pyridinium p-toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid, 5-sulfosalicylic acid, 4-phenolsulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, 4-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid, An acidic compound such as benzenedisulfonic acid, 1-naphthalenesulfonic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid or naphthalenecarboxylic acid can be used.
- an ion exchange resin for catalyst can be used in order to prevent unreacted acid from remaining in the reaction system.
- the ion exchange resin for catalyst for example, a sulfonic acid type strong acid type ion exchange resin can be used.
- the alcohol solvent acts as a reaction agent and a solvent, and is methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropyl alcohol, 1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-methoxyethanol, 1-methoxy- 2-Propanol, 2-ethoxyethanol and the like can be used.
- the reaction temperature can be selected preferably from a temperature range of 20° C. or higher to the boiling point temperature of the reaction solvent used, but is preferably 30 to 150° C.
- the specific compound [D] and the specific compound [E] obtained by the above reaction can be purified by recrystallization or column chromatography using silica gel or the like.
- the method for synthesizing the specific compound of the present invention is not particularly limited, but the specific compound [F] can be obtained by reacting an organic halide with the specific compound [D] in the presence of a base. Similarly, the specific compound [G] can be obtained by reacting an organic halide with the specific compound [E] in the presence of a base.
- R 1 is the same as the above formula (1).
- Y 1 and Y 2 represent an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an alkoxyalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- X represents Cl, Br or I.
- organic halides examples include iodomethane, iodoethane, 1-chloropropane, 1-bromopropane, 1-iodopropane, 1-chlorobutane, 1-bromobutane, 1-iodobutane, 2-chloroethyl methyl ether, 2-chloroethyl ethyl ether, etc.
- the base, catalyst and solvent used are the same as those used for the synthesis of compound [CI].
- the polyimide precursor contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is obtained by the reaction of a tetracarboxylic acid derivative and a diamine, and the polyimide is obtained by imidizing the polyimide precursor.
- specific examples of materials used and manufacturing methods will be described in detail.
- the tetracarboxylic acid derivative used in the production of the polyimide precursor is not only a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, but a derivative thereof, tetracarboxylic acid, a tetracarboxylic acid dihalide compound, a tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, a tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl. Ester dihalide is mentioned.
- the structure of X 1 is not particularly limited as long as it is a tetravalent organic group. More preferable specific examples include (X1-1) to (X1-10) and (X1-27) to (X1-43).
- R 3 to R 23 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, An alkynyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, a monovalent organic group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms containing a fluorine atom, or a phenyl group.
- R 3 to R 23 are preferably hydrogen atom, halogen atom, methyl group or ethyl group, and more preferably hydrogen atom or methyl group.
- (X1-1) examples include the following formulas (X1-1-1) to (X1-1-6). From the viewpoint of liquid crystal alignment, (X1-1-1) is particularly preferable. ..
- the diamine used for producing the polyimide precursor is represented by the following formula (2).
- a 1 and A 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkynyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms. is there.
- Y 1 is not particularly limited. Preferred structures include (Y-1) to (Y-181) below.
- Me represents a methyl group
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- Y 1 is (Y-7), (Y-8), (Y-16), (Y-17), (Y-18), (Y-20), (Y-21). ), (Y-22), (Y-28), (Y-35), (Y-38), (Y-43), (Y-48), (Y-64), (Y-66), (Y-71), (Y-72), (Y-76), (Y-77), (Y-80), (Y-81), (Y-82), (Y-83), (Y -155), (Y-158), (Y-159), (Y-160), (Y-161), (Y-167), (Y-168), (Y-169), (Y-170).
- (Y-172) and (Y-174) are preferable, and particularly (Y-7), (Y-8), (Y-16), (Y-17), (Y-18), ( Y-21), (Y-22), (Y-28), (Y-38), (Y-64), (Y-66), (Y-72), (Y-76), (Y- 81), (Y-155), (Y-158), (Y-159), (Y-160), (Y-161) (Y-167), (Y-168), (Y-169), (Y-170), (Y-172) and (Y-174) are preferred.
- the polyamic acid that is the polyimide precursor used in the present invention can be produced by the method described below. Specifically, tetracarboxylic dianhydride and diamine are reacted in the presence of an organic solvent at ⁇ 20° C. to 150° C., preferably 0° C. to 50° C. for 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 1 to 12 hours. Can be synthesized.
- the organic solvent used in the above reaction is preferably N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, or ⁇ -butyrolactone in view of the solubility of the monomer and the polymer, and these are one kind or a mixture of two or more kinds. You may use.
- the concentration of the polymer is preferably 1 to 30% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 20% by mass, from the viewpoint that the precipitation of the polymer is less likely to occur and a high molecular weight product is easily obtained.
- the polyamic acid obtained as described above can be recovered by precipitating a polymer by injecting it into a poor solvent while stirring the reaction solution well. Moreover, the powder of purified polyamic acid can be obtained by performing precipitation several times, washing with a poor solvent, and drying at room temperature or by heating.
- the poor solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include water, methanol, ethanol, hexane, butyl cellosolve, acetone, toluene and the like.
- the polyamic acid ester which is one of the polyimide precursors used in the present invention can be produced by the method (1), (2) or (3) shown below.
- the polyamic acid ester can be synthesized by esterifying a polyamic acid obtained from tetracarboxylic dianhydride and diamine. Specifically, by reacting a polyamic acid and an esterifying agent in the presence of an organic solvent at -20°C to 150°C, preferably 0°C to 50°C for 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 1 to 4 hours. Can be synthesized.
- esterifying agent those which can be easily removed by purification are preferable, and N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal, N,N-dimethylformamide diethyl acetal, N,N-dimethylformamide dipropyl acetal, N,N-dimethylformamide Dineopentylbutyl acetal, N,N-dimethylformamide di-t-butylacetal, 1-methyl-3-p-tolyltriazene, 1-ethyl-3-p-tolyltriazene, 1-propyl-3-p -Tolyltriazene, 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride and the like can be mentioned.
- the amount of the esterifying agent used is preferably 2 to 6 molar equivalents with respect to 1 mole of the repeating unit of the polyamic acid.
- the solvent used in the above reaction is preferably N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or ⁇ -butyrolactone because of the solubility of the polymer, and these may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Good.
- the concentration of the polymer in the reaction solution is preferably 1 to 30% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 20% by mass, from the viewpoints that precipitation of the polymer does not easily occur and a high molecular weight polymer is easily obtained.
- the polyamic acid ester can be produced from tetracarboxylic acid diester dichloride and diamine. Specifically, tetracarboxylic acid diester dichloride and diamine are present in the presence of a base and an organic solvent at ⁇ 20° C. to 150° C., preferably 0° C. to 50° C. for 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 1 to 4 hours. It can be synthesized by reacting.
- pyridine triethylamine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, etc.
- pyridine is preferred because the reaction proceeds gently.
- the amount of the base used is preferably 2 to 4 times the molar amount of the tetracarboxylic acid diester dichloride from the viewpoints of easy removal and easily obtaining a high molecular weight product.
- the solvent used in the above reaction is preferably N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or ⁇ -butyrolactone in view of the solubility of the monomer and polymer, and these may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the polymer concentration in the reaction solution is preferably from 1 to 30% by mass, more preferably from 5 to 20% by mass, from the viewpoint that polymer precipitation is unlikely to occur and a high molecular weight polymer is easily obtained.
- the solvent used for the synthesis of the polyamic acid ester be dehydrated as much as possible, and it is preferable to prevent the entry of outside air in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the polyamic acid ester can be produced by polycondensing the tetracarboxylic acid diester and diamine. Specifically, tetracarboxylic acid diester and diamine are combined in the presence of a condensing agent, a base, and an organic solvent at 0° C. to 150° C., preferably 0° C. to 100° C. for 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 3 to 15 It can be produced by reacting for a time.
- condensing agent examples include triphenyl phosphite, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride, N,N′-carbonyldiimidazole, dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine.
- Nylmethylmorpholinium O-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate, O-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N , N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate, diphenyl (2,3-dihydro-2-thioxo-3-benzoxazolyl)phosphonate and the like can be used.
- the amount of the condensing agent added is preferably 2 to 3 times the mol of the tetracarboxylic acid diester.
- Tertiary amines such as pyridine and triethylamine can be used as the base.
- the amount of the base used is preferably 2 to 4 times the molar amount of the diamine component from the viewpoints of easy removal and easily obtaining a high molecular weight product.
- the reaction proceeds efficiently by adding Lewis acid as an additive.
- Lewis acid lithium halides such as lithium chloride and lithium bromide are preferable.
- the addition amount of the Lewis acid is preferably 0 to 1.0 times the mol of the diamine component.
- the production method (1) or (2) above is particularly preferable because a high molecular weight polyamic acid ester can be obtained.
- the polymer can be precipitated by pouring the solution of the polyamic acid ester obtained as described above into a poor solvent while stirring well. Precipitation is carried out several times, and after washing with a poor solvent, it is possible to obtain a purified polyamic acid ester powder by drying at room temperature or by heating.
- the poor solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include water, methanol, ethanol, hexane, butyl cellosolve, acetone, toluene and the like.
- the polyimide used in the present invention can be produced by imidizing the polyamic acid or polyamic acid ester.
- the polyimide imidization ratio used in the present invention is not limited to 100%. From the viewpoint of electric characteristics, 20 to 99% is preferable.
- chemical imidization by adding a basic catalyst to the polyamic acid ester solution or the polyamic acid solution obtained by dissolving the polyamic acid ester resin powder in an organic solvent is simple. Chemical imidation is preferable because the imidization reaction proceeds at a relatively low temperature and the decrease in the molecular weight of the polymer does not easily occur during the imidization process.
- the chemical imidization can be performed by stirring the polyamic acid or polyamic acid ester to be imidized in an organic solvent in the presence of a basic catalyst and an acid anhydride. Further, at that time, by reacting the compounds represented by the above (R-1) to (R-2), a polyimide precursor having a specific structure introduced at the terminal can be obtained.
- the organic solvent the solvent used in the above-mentioned polymerization reaction can be used.
- the basic catalyst include pyridine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tributylamine, trioctylamine and the like. Of these, pyridine is preferable because it has an appropriate basicity for proceeding the reaction.
- the acid anhydride examples include acetic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, and the like.
- acetic anhydride is preferable because purification after the reaction is facilitated.
- an acetyl group is generated at the end of the main chain, whereas the present invention can suppress acetylation.
- R 22, R 22 ' represents a monovalent organic group, the methyl group Specific examples thereof include an ethyl group, a propyl group, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl group, 2-trimethylsilylethyl group, 1,1-dimethyl Propynyl group, 1-methyl-1-phenylethyl group, 1-methyl-1-(4-biphenylyl)ethyl group, 1,1-dimethyl-2-haloethyl group, 1,1-dimethyl-2-cyanoethyl group, tert-butyl group, cyclobutyl group, 1-methylcyclobutyl group, 1-adamantyl group, vinyl group, allyl group, cinnamyl group, 8-quinolyl group, N-hydroxypiperidinyl group, benzyl group, p-nitrobenzyl group , 3,4-dimethoxy-6-nitrobenzyl group, 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group, 9-fluoren
- the temperature for the imidization reaction is, for example, ⁇ 20° C. to 120° C., preferably 0° C. to 100° C., and the reaction time can be 1 to 100 hours.
- the amount of the basic catalyst is 0.5 to 30 mol times, preferably 2 to 20 mol times that of the amic acid group, and the amount of the acid anhydride is 1 to 50 mol times, preferably 3 to 30 mol times, the amic acid group. Double.
- the imidation ratio of the obtained polymer can be controlled by adjusting the amount of catalyst, temperature, and reaction time.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is preferable.
- the polymer can be precipitated by injecting the polyimide solution obtained as described above into a poor solvent while stirring well. Precipitation is carried out several times, and after washing with a poor solvent, it is possible to obtain a purified polyamic acid ester powder by drying at room temperature or by heating.
- the poor solvent is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include methanol, acetone, hexane, butyl cellosolve, heptane, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethanol, toluene and benzene.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention has a form of a solution in which a polymer containing a specific polymer is dissolved in an organic solvent containing a specific solvent.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polyimide precursor and polyimide of the present invention is preferably 2,000 to 500,000, more preferably 5,000 to 300,000, and further preferably 10,000 to 100. 1,000.
- the number average molecular weight is preferably 1,000 to 250,000, more preferably 2,500 to 150,000, and further preferably 5,000 to 50,000.
- the concentration of the polymer of the liquid crystal aligning agent used in the present invention can be appropriately changed depending on the setting of the thickness of the coating film to be formed, but it is 1% by weight from the viewpoint of forming a uniform and defect-free coating film. % Or more, and from the viewpoint of storage stability of the solution, 10% by weight or less is preferable.
- the solvent in the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention is a solvent that dissolves the polyimide precursor and the polyimide (also referred to as a good solvent), or a solvent that improves the coating property and surface smoothness of the liquid crystal alignment film when the liquid crystal alignment agent is applied. (Also referred to as a poor solvent) is preferably used. Specific examples of other solvents will be given below, but the invention is not limited to these examples.
- the good solvent examples include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-butyl-2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, 1,3-dimethylimidazolidinone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, 3-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone and the like can be mentioned. be able to.
- the poor solvent include 1-butoxy-2-propanol, 2-butoxy-1-propanol, 2-propoxyethanol, 2-(2-propoxyethoxy)ethanol, 1-propoxy-2-propanolethanol, isopropyl alcohol.
- a solvent represented by the following formula is also preferably used.
- R 24 and R 25 are each independently a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. However, R 24 +R 25 is an integer greater than 3.
- the poor solvent is preferably a solvent represented by the following [D-1] to [D-3] when the solubility of the polyimide precursor and the polyimide contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent is high.
- D 1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- D 2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbons
- D 3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a crosslinkable compound having an epoxy group, an isocyanate group, an oxetane group or a cyclocarbonate group, a hydroxyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group and a lower alkoxyalkyl group. It may contain a crosslinkable compound having a group or a crosslinkable compound having a polymerizable unsaturated bond.
- crosslinkable compound various known compounds can be used depending on the purpose.
- the following compounds are preferably used.
- the content of the crosslinkable compound is preferably 0.1 to 150 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of all polymer components. Among them, 0.1 to 100 parts by mass is preferable, and 1 to 50 parts by mass is more preferable, in order to allow the crosslinking reaction to proceed and to exhibit the intended effect.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention can contain a compound that improves the film thickness uniformity and surface smoothness of the liquid crystal aligning film when the liquid crystal aligning agent is applied.
- Fluorine-based surfactants, silicone-based surfactants and nonion-based surfactants are examples of compounds that improve the film thickness uniformity and surface smoothness of the liquid crystal alignment film.
- the amount of the surfactant used is preferably 0.01 to 2 parts by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 1 part by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of all the polymer components contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention can be used as a liquid crystal aligning film after being applied on a substrate and baked, and then subjected to an alignment treatment such as rubbing treatment or light irradiation. Further, in the case of vertical alignment applications, it can be used as a liquid crystal alignment film without alignment treatment.
- the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention can be used for a liquid crystal alignment film of a horizontal alignment type or a vertical alignment type (VA system, PSA mode, SC-PVA mode, etc.), and among them, PSA mode, SC-PVA mode, etc. It is a liquid crystal alignment film suitable for a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display element, and can control pretilt with a small light irradiation amount.
- the substrate used in this case is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate, and a glass substrate as well as a plastic substrate such as an acrylic substrate or a polycarbonate substrate can be used. From the viewpoint of simplifying the process, it is preferable to use a substrate on which an ITO electrode for driving a liquid crystal is formed. Further, in the reflective liquid crystal display element, an opaque substrate such as a silicon wafer can be used if only one substrate is used, and in this case, a material that reflects light such as aluminum can be used as an electrode.
- the method for applying the liquid crystal aligning agent is not particularly limited, but industrially, a method such as screen printing, offset printing, flexo printing, or inkjet method is generally used. Other coating methods include a dip method, a roll coater method, a slit coater method, a spinner method or a spray method, and these may be used depending on the purpose.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent After applying the liquid crystal aligning agent on the substrate, it is heated at 30 to 300° C., preferably 30° C., depending on the solvent used for the liquid crystal aligning agent, by a heating means such as a hot plate, a heat circulation type oven or an IR (infrared) type oven.
- the solvent can be evaporated at a temperature of up to 250° C. to form a liquid crystal alignment film. If the thickness of the liquid crystal alignment film after firing is too thick, it is disadvantageous in terms of power consumption of the liquid crystal display device, and if it is too thin, the reliability of the liquid crystal display device may be deteriorated. Is 10 to 100 nm. When the liquid crystal is horizontally or tilted, the liquid crystal alignment film after firing is treated by rubbing or irradiation with polarized ultraviolet rays.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is a liquid crystal display device obtained by obtaining a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film from the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention by the above-mentioned method, and then producing a liquid crystal cell by a known method.
- a pair of substrates on which a liquid crystal alignment film is formed is prepared, spacers are scattered on the liquid crystal alignment film of one substrate, and the surface of the liquid crystal alignment film is placed inside
- the method include a method in which the substrates are bonded and liquid crystal is injected under reduced pressure for sealing, or a method in which liquid crystal is dropped on the surface of the liquid crystal alignment film on which spacers are scattered and then the substrates are bonded to perform sealing.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention has a liquid crystal layer between a pair of substrates provided with electrodes, and contains a polymerizable compound which is polymerized by at least one of active energy rays and heat between the pair of substrates. It is also preferably used for a liquid crystal display device produced by a step of polymerizing a polymerizable compound by arranging a liquid crystal composition and applying a voltage between electrodes and at least one of irradiation with an active energy ray and heating.
- ultraviolet rays are suitable as the active energy rays.
- the wavelength of ultraviolet rays is 300 to 400 nm, preferably 310 to 360 nm. In the case of polymerization by heating, the heating temperature is 40 to 120°C, preferably 60 to 80°C. Further, the ultraviolet ray and the heating may be performed at the same time.
- the above liquid crystal display element controls the pretilt of liquid crystal molecules by the PSA (Polymer Sustained Alignment) method.
- PSA Polymer Sustained Alignment
- a small amount of a photopolymerizable compound for example, a photopolymerizable monomer
- a liquid crystal cell is assembled, and then a predetermined voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer.
- Etc. and the pretilt of liquid crystal molecules is controlled by the produced polymer. Since the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules when the polymer is formed is stored even after the voltage is removed, the pretilt of the liquid crystal molecules can be adjusted by controlling the electric field formed in the liquid crystal layer. Further, since the PSA method does not require rubbing treatment, it is suitable for forming a vertical alignment type liquid crystal layer in which it is difficult to control pretilt by rubbing treatment.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention after obtaining a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film from the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention by the method described above, to prepare a liquid crystal cell, the polymerizable compound by at least one of ultraviolet irradiation and heating
- the alignment of liquid crystal molecules can be controlled by polymerizing.
- ⁇ Liquid crystal is mixed with a polymerizable compound that is polymerized by heat or UV irradiation.
- the polymerizable compound include compounds having at least one polymerizable unsaturated group such as an acrylate group or a methacrylate group in the molecule.
- the polymerizable compound is preferably 0.01 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the liquid crystal component.
- the amount of the polymerizable compound is less than 0.01 parts by mass, the polymerizable compound does not polymerize and the alignment control of the liquid crystal cannot be performed, and when the amount exceeds 10 parts by mass, the unreacted polymerizable compound increases and the liquid crystal display is shown. The image sticking property of the element is deteriorated.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention has a liquid crystal layer between a pair of substrates provided with electrodes, and a polymerizable group that is polymerized by at least one of active energy rays and heat between the pair of substrates. It is also preferable to use it for a liquid crystal display element manufactured by a step of arranging a liquid crystal alignment film containing the above and applying a voltage between the electrodes, that is, an SC-PVA mode.
- ultraviolet rays are suitable as the active energy rays.
- the wavelength of ultraviolet rays is 300 to 400 nm, preferably 310 to 360 nm.
- the heating temperature is 40 to 120°C, preferably 60 to 80°C. Further, the ultraviolet ray and the heating may be performed at the same time.
- a method of adding a compound containing this polymerizable group to a liquid crystal aligning agent, or a polymer containing a polymerizable group is mentioned.
- Specific examples of the polymer having a polymerizable group are not particularly limited as long as it is a polymer having the photoreactive group, and examples thereof include a polymer obtained by using the diamine having the photoreactive group. ..
- a pair of substrates on which the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is formed is prepared, spacers are dispersed on the liquid crystal alignment film of one of the substrates, and the liquid crystal alignment film surface is formed.
- the other substrate is pasted and the liquid crystal is injected under reduced pressure to seal it, or the substrates are pasted and sealed after dropping the liquid crystal on the liquid crystal alignment film surface with spacers scattered. And the like.
- the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules can be controlled by applying heat or ultraviolet rays while applying an AC or DC voltage to the liquid crystal cell.
- AD-1 to AD-5 are novel compounds that have not been published in the literature, and their synthesis methods will be described in detail in Synthesis Examples 1 to 5 below.
- Apparatus Fourier transform type superconducting nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus (FT-NMR) "AVANCE III" (manufactured by BRUKER) 500 MHz.
- Solvent deuterated chloroform (CDCl 3 ) or deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide ([D 6 ]-DMSO).
- Standard Tetramethylsilane (TMS).
- reaction solution was poured into a two-phase solution of ethyl acetate (390 g) and 2.0 mol/L hydrochloric acid aqueous solution (222 g), and the target product was extracted into the organic phase. Subsequently, the organic phase was washed with pure water (150 g) three times. The organic phase was dehydrated with sodium sulfate and then concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the solvent. The concentrate was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (88.0 g) by heating at 40° C., and toluene (153 g) was added to precipitate crystals.
- the concentrate was dissolved in ethyl acetate and the organic phase was washed with pure water.
- the organic phase was dehydrated with magnesium sulfate and then concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a crude product.
- the crude product was dissolved in a mixed solution of ethyl acetate (92.0 g) and methanol (377 g) by heating at 60° C. to precipitate crystals under ice-cooling conditions, and the crystals were filtered and dried to give [AD-3-2] white crystals. (Yield: 54.4 g, Yield: 63%).
- the reaction solution was diluted with ethyl acetate (500 g), and the organic phase was washed with pure water (200 g) three times.
- the organic phase was dehydrated with magnesium sulfate and then concentrated under reduced pressure to an internal weight of 109 g.
- Methanol (220 g) was added to the obtained solution to precipitate crystals, and the crystals were filtered to obtain crude crystals.
- the crude crystal was dissolved in ethyl acetate (122 g) by heating at 70° C., the crystal was precipitated at room temperature, filtered and dried to obtain AD-3 as a pale yellow crystal (yield: 15.2 g, yield: 60%).
- a 300 mL four-necked flask was charged with AD-2 (28.6 g, 85.5 mmol), methanol (1143 g), potassium carbonate (8.80 g, 63.7 mmol), concentrated sulfuric acid (0.839 g, 8.55 mmol), The reaction was performed for 24 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere methanol reflux condition. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was diluted with ethyl acetate (573 g), and the organic phase was washed once with a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (229 g) and twice with pure water (229 g). The organic phase was collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the solvent.
- viscosity For the viscosity of the polyamic acid solution and the like, an E-type viscometer TVE-22H (manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.) was used, and the sample amount was 1.1 mL (milliliter), cone rotor TE-1 (1°34', R24), temperature 25. It was measured at °C.
- PAA-1 polyamic acid
- the liquid crystal aligning agent prepared in each of the above Examples was spin-coated on the ITO surface of an ITO electrode substrate having an ITO electrode pattern having a pixel size of 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 300 ⁇ m and a line/space of 5 ⁇ m, and a hot plate at 70° C. After being dried at 90° C. for 90 seconds, it was baked in a hot air circulation oven at 230° C. for 30 minutes to form a liquid crystal alignment film having a film thickness of 100 nm. Further, a liquid crystal aligning agent was spin-coated on the ITO surface on which no electrode pattern was formed, dried on a hot plate at 70° C. for 90 seconds, and then baked at 230° C.
- UV was applied from the outside of the liquid crystal cell through a filter that cuts a wavelength of 325 nm or less at 10 J/cm 2 .
- the UV illuminance was measured using UV-MO3A manufactured by ORC. After that, for the purpose of deactivating the unreacted polymerizable compound remaining in the liquid crystal cell, UV (UV lamp: FLR40SUV32/ A-1) was irradiated for 30 minutes.
- the film hardness was evaluated as follows. The film hardness was evaluated by observing the abrasion resistance of the rubbing cloth. A liquid crystal aligning agent was spin-coated on the ITO surface on which no electrode pattern was formed, dried on a hot plate at 70°C for 90 seconds, and then baked at 230°C in a hot air circulation oven for 20 minutes to form a liquid crystal with a film thickness of 100 nm An alignment film was formed.
- the surface of the liquid crystal alignment film was rubbed by a rubbing device with a roll diameter of 120 mm, using a rayon cloth, and the rubbing conditions were set to a roll rotation speed of 1000 rpm, a roll advancing speed of 20 mm/sec, and an indentation amount of 0.5 mm.
- a substrate with an alignment film was obtained.
- liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent of the present invention By using the liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent of the present invention, it becomes possible to impart and control the pretilt angle to the liquid crystal, and it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the alignment property which is a disadvantage of using the additive.
- a high quality liquid crystal display device can be obtained. Therefore, it can be suitably used for liquid crystal display devices such as smartphones and mobile phones.
Abstract
Description
液晶表示素子において、液晶配向膜は液晶を一定方向に配向させる役割を担っている。液晶配向膜は、ポリアミック酸(ポリアミド酸とも言われる)、ポリアミック酸エステルなどのポリイミド前駆体や可溶性ポリイミドに代表される重合体の溶液を主成分とする液晶配向剤を基板に塗布し、焼成して成膜することで作製される。
液晶表示素子の表示特性向上、製造時の生産効率向上を目的として、上述した重合体の構造変更、特性の異なる重合体のブレンド、及び、添加剤の使用等の手法により、液晶配向剤の開発が行われている。
一方で添加剤の使用により、液晶配向性の低下、液晶へのコンタミ等、課題も存在しており、それらとのトレードオフを解決可能な新しい添加剤が求められている。
また、液晶表示素子の価格低下が著しい中、合成の容易性及びコスト面での改善も求められている。
ポリイミド前駆体及びそのイミド化物であるポリイミドから選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体と、下記式(1)の化合物(以下、特定化合物とも称する)を有する液晶配向剤。
<特定化合物>
本発明の特定化合物は、下記式(1)で表される。
Zは上記式(Z-1)又は(Z-2)を表し、Zが(Z-1)の時、qは1であり、Zが(Z-2)の時、qは2であり、Y1、Y2は独立して水素原子、炭素原子数1~4のアルキル基、又は炭素原子数1~4のアルコキシアルキル基を表し、*はX1との結合を表す。
従って、上記式(1)の好ましい具体例として、下記式(S1-x1)~(S1-x8)があげられるが、これらに限定されない。更に好ましくは、Zが(Z-1)の時は、下記式(S1-x1)、(S1-x2)、(S1-x4)、(S1-x5)が挙げられ、Zが(Z-2)の時は(S1-x1)~(S1-x5)が挙げられる。
(特定化合物[A]、特定化合物[B]の合成方法)
以下に、前述した特定化合物[A]及び[B]を得る方法について説明する。本発明の特定化合物を合成する方法は特に限定されないが、特定化合物[A]は、塩基存在下、フェノール類[A-I]とホルムアルデヒドを反応させることで得ることができる。同様に特定化合物[B]は塩基存在下、フェノール類[B-I]とホルムアルデヒドを反応させることで得ることができる。
ホルムアルデヒド源としては、ホルムアルデヒド水溶液(ホルマリン)、パラホルムアルデヒド等が挙げられる。
反応溶媒としては、純水、アルコール溶媒(メタノール、エタノール、2-プロパノール、tert-ブチルアルコール等)、エーテル類(Et2O、i-Pr2O、TBME、CPME、THF、ジオキサンなど)、非プロトン性極性有機溶媒(DMF、DMSO、DMAc、NMPなど)を用いることができる。これらの溶媒は、反応の起こり易さなどを考慮して適宜選択することができ、1種単独で又は2種以上混合して用いることができる。
反応温度は特に限定されないが、-20℃から使用する溶媒の沸点までの範囲、好ましくは、-10~100℃である。
上記反応により得られた特定化合物[A]又は[B]は、再結晶、又はシリカゲルなどのカラムクロマトグラフィーなどで精製することができる。
以下に、前述した特定化合物[C]を得る方法について説明する。本発明の特定化合物を合成する方法は特に限定されないが、例えば、特定化合物[C]は下記式の通りで得ることができる。
化合物[C-I]は、塩基存在下、化合物[B-I]とヒドロキシ基含有有機ハロゲン化物と反応することで得ることができる。
ヒドロキシ基含有有機ハロゲン化物としては、2-クロロエタノール、2-ブロモエタノール、2-ヨードエタノール、3-クロロ-1-プロパノール、3-ブロモ-1-プロパノール、4-クロロ-1-ブタノール、4-ブロモ-1-ブタノール、5-クロロ-1-ペンタノール、5-ブロモ-1-ペンタノール、6-クロロ-1-ヘキサノール、6-ブロモ-1-ヘキサノール等が挙げられる。
塩基としては、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム等のアルカリ金属水酸化物、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、炭酸セシウム等のアルカリ金属炭酸塩等を用いることができる。
反応溶媒としては、アセトン、アセトニトリル、非プロトン性極性有機溶媒(DMF、DMSO、DMAc、NMPなど)などが好ましい。これらの溶媒は、反応の起こり易さなどを考慮して適宜選択することができ、1種単独で又は2種以上混合して用いることができる。
本反応は触媒を添加して反応を促進させることが可能であり、触媒としてはヨウ化ナトリウム、ヨウ化カリウムを用いることができる。
反応温度は特に限定されないが、0℃から使用する溶媒の沸点までの範囲、好ましくは、20~140℃である。
化合物[C-II]は、塩基存在下、化合物[C-I]とメタンスルホニルクロリドやエタンスルホニルクロリド、p-トルエンスルホニルクロリドを反応させることで得ることができる。
塩基としては、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、炭酸リチウム、炭酸セシウムなどの無機塩基;メチルアミン、ジメチルアミン、トリメチルアミン、エチルアミン、ジエチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、プロピルアミン、ジプロピルアミン、トリプロピルアミン、イソプロピルアミン、ジイソプロピルアミン、トリイソプロピルアミン、ブチルアミン、ジブチルアミン、トリブチルアミン、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン、ピリジン、イミダゾール、キノリン、コリジン、ピロリジン、ピペリジン、モルフォリン、N-メチルモルフォリンなどのアミンなどが使用できる。
反応溶媒としては、当該反応条件下において安定であって、不活性で、反応を妨げないものであればいずれも使用できる。反応溶媒として、非プロトン性極性有機溶媒(DMF(ジメチルホルムアミド), DMSO(ジメチルスルホキシド), DMAc(ジメチルアセトアミド), NMP(N-メチルピロリドン)など)、エーテル類(Et2O、i-Pr2O、 TBME、 CPME、 THF、 ジオキサンなど)、脂肪族炭化水素類(ペンタン、へキサン、ヘプタン、石油エーテルなど)、芳香族炭化水素類(ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、メシチレン、クロロベンゼン、ジクロロベンゼン、ニトロベンゼン、テトラリンなど)、ハロゲン系炭化水素類(クロロホルム、ジクロロメタン、四塩化炭素、ジクロロエタンなど)、低級脂肪酸エステル類(酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチル、プロピオン酸メチルなど)、ニトリル類(アセトニトリル、プロピオニトリル、ブチロニトリルなど)などが使用できる。これらの溶媒は、反応の起こり易さなどを考慮して適宜選択することができ、1種単独で又は2種以上混合して用いることができる。また場合によっては、上記溶媒は、適当な脱水剤や乾燥剤を用いて水を含有しない溶媒として用いることもできる。
特定化合物[C]は、塩基存在下、化合物[C-II]と化合物[C-III]を反応させることで得ることができる。
化合物[C-III]の具体例としては、[C-III-1]~[C-III-3]等が挙げられる。
以下に、前述した特定化合物[D]及び[E]を得る方法について説明する。本発明の特定化合物を合成する方法は特に限定されないが、特定化合物[D]は、酸触媒存在下、アルコール溶媒中、特定化合物[A]を反応させることで得ることができる。同様に特定化合物[E]は酸触媒存在下、アルコール溶媒中、特定化合物[B]と反応させることで得ることができる。
以下に、前述した特定化合物[F]及び[G]を得る方法について説明する。本発明の特定化合物を合成する方法は特に限定されないが、特定化合物[F]は、塩基存在下、有機ハロゲン化物と特定化合物[D]を反応させることで得ることができる。同様に特定化合物[G]は塩基存在下、有機ハロゲン化物と特定化合物[E]と反応させることで得ることができる。
使用する塩基、触媒、溶媒は化合物[C-I]の合成と同じ方法である。
本発明の液晶配向剤に含有されるポリイミド前駆体は、テトラカルボン酸誘導体と、ジアミンとの反応から得られ、ポリイミドは、ポリイミド前駆体をイミド化することにより得られる。以下に、用いられる材料の具体例及び製造方法を詳述する。
ポリイミド前駆体の製造に用いられるジアミンは、下記式(2)で表される。
本発明に用いられるポリイミド前駆体であるポリアミック酸は、以下に示す方法で製造できる。具体的には、テトラカルボン酸二無水物とジアミンとを有機溶媒の存在下、-20℃~150℃、好ましくは0℃~50℃で、30分~24時間、好ましくは1~12時間反応させることによって合成できる。
本発明に用いられるポリイミド前駆体の一つであるポリアミック酸エステルは、以下に示す(1)、(2)又は(3)の方法で製造できる。
ポリアミック酸エステルは、テトラカルボン酸二無水物とジアミンから得られるポリアミック酸をエステル化することによって合成できる。具体的には、ポリアミック酸とエステル化剤を有機溶剤の存在下で-20℃~150℃、好ましくは0℃~50℃において、30分~24時間、好ましくは1~4時間反応させることによって合成できる。
ポリアミック酸エステルは、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルジクロリドとジアミンから製造できる。具体的には、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルジクロリドとジアミンとを塩基と有機溶剤の存在下で-20℃~150℃、好ましくは0℃~50℃において、30分~24時間、好ましくは1~4時間反応させることによって合成することができる。
ポリアミック酸エステルは、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルとジアミンを重縮合することにより製造できる。具体的には、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルとジアミンを縮合剤、塩基、及び有機溶剤の存在下で0℃~150℃、好ましくは0℃~100℃において、30分~24時間、好ましくは3~15時間反応させることによって製造できる。
本発明に用いられるポリイミドは、前記ポリアミック酸又はポリアミック酸エステルをイミド化することにより製造できる。本発明で用いられるポリイミドイミド化率は100%に限らない。電気特性の観点から20~99%が好ましい。ポリアミック酸エステルからポリイミドを製造する場合、前記ポリアミック酸エステル溶液、又はポリアミック酸エステル樹脂粉末を有機溶媒に溶解させて得られるポリアミック酸溶液に塩基性触媒を添加する化学的イミド化が簡便である。化学的イミド化は、比較的低温でイミド化反応が進行し、イミド化の課程で重合体の分子量低下が起こりにくいので好ましい。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、特定重合体を含む重合体が特定溶媒を含む有機溶媒中に溶解された溶液の形態を有する。本発明に記載のポリイミド前駆体及びポリイミドの分子量は、重量平均分子量で2,000~500,000が好ましく、より好ましくは5,000~300,000であり、さらに好ましくは、10,000~100,000である。また、数平均分子量は、好ましくは、1,000~250,000であり、より好ましくは、2,500~150,000であり、さらに好ましくは、5,000~50,000である。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、基板上に塗布、焼成した後、ラビング処理や光照射などで配向処理をして、液晶配向膜として用いることができる。また、垂直配向用途などの場合では配向処理なしでも液晶配向膜として用いることができる。
(溶媒)
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、BCS:ブチルセロソルブ
(酸二無水物)
DC-1:1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物
DC-2:ビシクロ[3,3,0]オクタン-2,4,6,8-テトラカル
ボン酸二無水物、
(ジアミン)
DA-1:1,3-ビス(4-アミノフェネチル)ウレア
DA-2:4-(2-メチルアミノエチル)アニリン
DA-3:1,5-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)ペンタン
DA-4:3,5-ジアミノ安息香酸
DA-5:下記式DA-5で表されるジアミン化合物
装置:フーリエ変換型超伝導核磁気共鳴装置(FT-NMR)「AVANCE III」(BRUKER製)500MHz。
溶媒:重水素化クロロホルム(CDCl3)又は重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド([D6]-DMSO)。
標準物質:テトラメチルシラン(TMS)。
1H NMR (500 MHz, [D6]-DMSO):δ8.32 (br,1H), 6.96 (s,2H), 5.17 (br,2H), 4.52(s,4H), 2.29-2.34(m,1H), 1.70-1.79(m,8H), 0.95-1.36(m,22H)
1H NMR (500 MHz,CDCl3):δ7.92(br,1H), 6.89 (s,2H), 4.76 (s,4H), 2.70(br,2H), 2.32-2.39 (m,1H), 1.80-1.85(m, 4H), 1.18-1.43(m, 15H), 0.87-1.05(m,5H)
1L四つ口フラスコにp-(trans-4-ヘプチルシクロヘキシル)フェノール(50.1g、183mmol)、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド(150g)、炭酸カリウム(30.4g、220mmol)を仕込み、80℃加熱条件下で2-ブロモエタノール(25.4g、203mmol)を滴下した。反応追跡を行い、適宜、炭酸カリウム(追加合計量:91.1g、659mmol)と2-ブロモエタノール(追加合計量:77.3g、619mmol)を追加して原料を消失させた。反応終了後、反応液を酢酸エチル(1000g)で希釈し、有機相を純水(500g)で3回洗浄した。有機相を減圧濃縮することで[AD-3-1]をオイル化合物として得た(粗収量:75.1g)。
500mL四つ口フラスコに3,3’,5,5’-テトラキス(メトキシメチル)-[1,1’-ビフェニル]-4,4’-ジオール(9.56g、26.4mmol)、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド(95.6g)、炭酸カリウム(8.80g、63.7mmol)を仕込み、70℃加熱条件下で[AD-3-2](26.2g、55.4mmol)を加え、同温度で約1日反応させた。反応終了後、反応液を酢酸エチル(500g)で希釈し、有機相を純水(200g)で3回洗浄した。有機相を硫酸マグネシウム脱水処理後、減圧濃縮することで内部重量を109gとした。得られた溶液にメタノール(220g)を加えて、結晶を析出させ、ろ過することで粗結晶を得た。粗結晶を酢酸エチル(122g)に70℃加熱溶解させ、室温条件下で結晶を析出させ、ろ過、乾燥することでAD-3を薄黄色結晶として得た (収量:15.2g、収率:60%)。
1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3):δ7.59 (s,4H), 7.14 (d,4H,J=10Hz), 6.91 (d,4H,J=8.6Hz), 4.59 (s,8H), 4.27-4.29(m,8H), 3.41(s,12H), 2.39-2.45(m,2H), 1.85-1.88(m,8H), 0.90-1.45(m, 40H)
1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3):δ7.58 (s,1H), 6.95 (s,2H), 4.57(s,4H), 3.43(s,6H), 2.34-2.39(m, 1H), 1.83-1.85(m,4H), 1.20-1.40 (m,15H), 0.87-1.02(m,5H)
1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3):δ7.18(s,2H), 4.48(s,4H), 3.78 (s,3H), 3.42(s,6H), 2.41-2.47(m, 1H), 1.83-1.89(m,4H), 1.20-1.40 (m,15H), 0.87-1.06(m,5H)
ポリアミック酸溶液などの粘度は、E型粘度計TVE-22H(東機産業社製)を用い、サンプル量1.1mL(ミリリットル)、コーンロータTE-1(1°34’、R24)、温度25℃において測定した。
撹拌装置付き100mL四つ口フラスコに、DA-1を2.63g(8.80mmol)、DA-2を1.32g(8.80mmol)、DA-3を1.26g(4.40mmol)量り取り、NMPを61.5g加えて、撹拌し溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を撹拌しながらDC-1を4.10g(20.9mmol)添加し、さらにNMPを22.3g加え、40℃で15時間撹拌してポリアミック酸の溶液(PAA-1、粘度:140mPa・s)を得た。
このポリアミック酸(PAA-1)の溶液84gを200mL三角フラスコに移し、NMPを21.0g、BCSを35.0g加えて希釈し、ポリアミック酸(PAA-1)が6質量%、NMPが69質量%、BCSが25質量%のポリアミック酸(PAA-1)溶液(液晶配向剤[PAA-0])を調製した。
撹拌装置付き100mL四つ口フラスコに、DA-4を3.04g(20.0mmol)、DA-5を7.61g(20.0mmol)量り取り、NMPを58.6g加えて、撹拌し溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を撹拌しながらDC-2を7.51g(30.0mmol)添加し、さらにNMPを17.1g加え、60℃で3時間撹拌した。続いてこの溶液を撹拌しながらDC-1を1.80g(9.20mmol)添加し、さらにNMPを4.15g加え、40℃で15時間撹拌して、ポリアミック酸の溶液(粘度:680mPa・s)を得た。
このポリアミック酸溶液(80g)にNMPを加え6.5質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(16.3g)、ピリジン(5.07g)を加え、100℃で3時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(1.0L)中に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、100℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(SPI-1)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は57%であった。上記で得たポリイミド粉末(SPI-1)(12.0g)にNMP(108g)を加え、80℃にて20時間撹拌して溶解させた後、BCS(80g)を加え、室温で10時間撹拌してポリイミド(SPI-1)が6質量%、NMPが54質量%、BCSが40質量%の可溶性ポリイミド(SPI-1)溶液(液晶配向剤[SPI-0])を調製した。
<実施例1~13及び比較例1>
上記で作製したポリアミック酸(PAA-1)溶液(10.0g)に、特定化合物として上記で合成した化合物AD―1~5を、それぞれポリアミック酸(PAA-1)溶液の固形分(すなわちポリアミック酸(PAA-1))に対して下記表1に記載する割合となるように加え、均一溶液となるまで、室温で撹拌を行い、液晶配向剤[PAA-1]~[PAA-13]及び[PAA-0]を調製した。
上記で作製した可溶性ポリイミド(SPI-1)溶液(10.0g)に、特定化合物として上記で合成した化合物AD―1~5及び比較化合物AD-6、7を、それぞれ可溶性ポリイミド(SPI-1)溶液の固形分(すなわち可溶性ポリイミド(SPI-1))に対して下記表2に記載する割合となるように加え、均一溶液となるまで、室温で撹拌を行い、[SPI-1]~[SPI-11]及び[SPI-0]を調製した。
上記各実施例で調製した液晶配向剤を用いて、以下のようにして液晶セルを作製した。
また、液晶配向剤を電極パターンが形成されていないITO面にスピンコートし、70℃のホットプレートで90秒乾燥させた後、230℃の熱風循環式オーブンで20分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの液晶配向膜を形成した。
上記の2枚の基板について一方の基板の液晶配向膜上に4μmのビーズスペーサーを散布した後、その上からシール剤(溶剤型熱硬化タイプのエポキシ樹脂)を印刷した。次いで、もう一方の基板の液晶配向膜が形成された側の面を内側にして、先の基板と貼り合せた後、シール剤を硬化させて空セルを作製した。この空セルにPSA用重合性化合物含有液晶MLC-3023(メルク社製商品名)を減圧注入法によって注入し、液晶セルを作製した。
その後、この液晶セルに15VのDC電圧を印加した状態で、この液晶セルの外側から325nm以下の波長をカットするフィルターを通したUVを10J/cm2照射した。なお、UVの照度は、ORC社製UV-MO3Aを用いて測定した。その後、液晶セル中に残存している未反応の重合性化合物を失活させる目的で、電圧を印加していない状態で東芝ライテック社製UV-FL照射装置を用いてUV(UVランプ:FLR40SUV32/A-1)を30分間照射した。
作製した各液晶セルの物性の測定、および特性の評価の方法は以下の通りである。
(垂直配向性評価)
液晶セルを偏光板で挟み、後部からバックライトを照射した状態で、液晶セルを回転させて、明暗の変化や輝点の有無で液晶が垂直配向しているかを目視にて観察した。
(プレチルト角の測定)
名菱テクニカ製LCDアナライザーLCA-LUV42Aを使用した。
表3に示す各実施例で調製した液晶配向剤を用いて垂直配向性を評価した。その際、下記の基準で評価した。結果を表3に示す。
評価基準
◎:液晶の垂直配向が確認でき、輝点の発生がない
○:液晶は垂直配向しているが、輝点が若干観察される
×:液晶が垂直配向せず、輝点が多く観察される
表4に示す各実施例で調製した液晶配向剤を用いて作製した液晶セルのプレチルト角を測定した。なお、液晶配向膜を形成するために230℃の熱風循環式オーブンで焼成する時間は20分と60分に設定した。その際のチルト角の変化量をΔチルトとした。結果を表4に示す。
上記各実施例で調製した液晶配向剤を用いて、以下のようにして膜硬度を評価した。なお、膜硬度はラビング布に対する削れ耐性を観察し評価した。
液晶配向剤を電極パターンが形成されていないITO面にスピンコートし、70℃のホットプレートで90秒乾燥させた後、230℃の熱風循環式オーブンで20分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの液晶配向膜を形成した。
表5に示す各実施例で調製した液晶配向剤を用いて作製した液晶配向膜の表面を、ラビング処理した後、共焦点レーザー顕微鏡(KEYENCE社製、VK-X200)にて観察し、下記の基準で評価を行った。結果を表5に示す。
評価基準
○:削れカスやラビング傷が観察されない。
×:削れカス又はラビング傷が観察される。
Claims (9)
- ポリイミド前駆体及びそのイミド化物であるポリイミドから選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体と、下記式(1)の化合物を有する液晶配向剤。
G1及びG2は、それぞれ独立して、炭素数6~12の2価の芳香族基又は炭素数3~8の2価の脂環式基から選ばれる2価の環状基を表す。該環状基上の任意の水素原子は、炭素数1~3のアルキル基、炭素数1~3のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~3のフッ素含有アルキル基、炭素数1~3のフッ素含有アルコキシ基又はフッ素原子で置換されていてもよい。m及びnは、それぞれ独立して、0~3の整数であって、m及びnの合計は1~4である。qは1または2の整数である。
R1は、炭素数1~20のアルキル、炭素数1~20のアルコキシ又は炭素数2~20のアルコキシアルキルを表す。R1を形成する任意の水素はフッ素で置換されていてもよい。
Zは上記式(Z-1)又は(Z-2)を表し、Zが(Z-1)の時、qは1であり、Zが(Z-2)の時、qは2であり、Y1、Y2は独立して水素原子、炭素原子数1~4のアルキル基、又は炭素原子数1~4のアルコキシアルキル基を表し、*はX1との結合を表す。 - 前記式(1)の化合物を樹脂固形分に対して1~40重量%含有する請求項1に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 垂直配向能を示す側鎖構造を有するポリイミド前駆体及びそのイミド化物であるポリイミドから選ばれる重合体を含有する請求項1または請求項2に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 垂直配向能を示す側鎖構造を有するポリイミド前駆体及びそのイミド化物であるポリイミドから選ばれる重合体を含有する請求項3に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 請求項1から請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤から得られる液晶配向膜。
- 請求項7に記載の液晶配向膜を具備する液晶表示素子。
- 下記式(1)で表される化合物。
G1及びG2は、それぞれ独立して、炭素数6~12の2価の芳香族基又は炭素数3~8の2価の脂環式基から選ばれる2価の環状基を表す。該環状基上の任意の水素原子は、炭素数1~3のアルキル基、炭素数1~3のアルコキシ基、炭素数1~3のフッ素含有アルキル基、炭素数1~3のフッ素含有アルコキシ基又はフッ素原子で置換されていてもよい。m及びnは、それぞれ独立して、0~3の整数であって、m及びnの合計は1~4である。qは1または2の整数である。
R1は、炭素数1~20のアルキル、炭素数1~20のアルコキシ又は炭素数2~20のアルコキシアルキルを表す。R1を形成する任意の水素はフッ素で置換されていてもよい。
Zは上記式(Z-1)又は(Z-2)を表し、Zが(Z-1)の時、qは1であり、Zが(Z-2)の時、qは2であり、Y1、Y2は独立して水素原子、炭素原子数1~4のアルキル基、又は炭素原子数1~4のアルコキシアルキル基を表し、*はX1との結合を表す。
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