WO2019189416A1 - 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019189416A1 WO2019189416A1 PCT/JP2019/013283 JP2019013283W WO2019189416A1 WO 2019189416 A1 WO2019189416 A1 WO 2019189416A1 JP 2019013283 W JP2019013283 W JP 2019013283W WO 2019189416 A1 WO2019189416 A1 WO 2019189416A1
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- 0 **c1ccccc1 Chemical compound **c1ccccc1 0.000 description 6
- KBVDUUXRXJTAJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Brc([s]1)ccc1Br Chemical compound Brc([s]1)ccc1Br KBVDUUXRXJTAJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BKGLFKCCKWLWOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(CC1)CCC1OC(c(cc1)ccc1NN(C)c(cc1)ccc1C(OC1CCC(C)CC1)=O)=O Chemical compound CC(CC1)CCC1OC(c(cc1)ccc1NN(C)c(cc1)ccc1C(OC1CCC(C)CC1)=O)=O BKGLFKCCKWLWOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YQYGPGKTNQNXMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(c(cc1)ccc1[N+]([O-])=O)=O Chemical compound CC(c(cc1)ccc1[N+]([O-])=O)=O YQYGPGKTNQNXMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHMRGTOBVRUROO-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1(C=CC(C2=CCC(c(cc3)ccc3[N+]([O-])=O)S2)=CC1)[N+]([O-])=O Chemical compound CC1(C=CC(C2=CCC(c(cc3)ccc3[N+]([O-])=O)S2)=CC1)[N+]([O-])=O YHMRGTOBVRUROO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZYFTUNXFXXRFJ-MRNGAQBPSA-N Cc1ccc(CCc(cc2C(F)(F)F)ccc2/N=N\c2c(C(F)(F)F)cc(CCc3ccc(C)cc3)cc2)cc1 Chemical compound Cc1ccc(CCc(cc2C(F)(F)F)ccc2/N=N\c2c(C(F)(F)F)cc(CCc3ccc(C)cc3)cc2)cc1 WZYFTUNXFXXRFJ-MRNGAQBPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QFJCXKVAPMDTCN-YHZPTAEISA-N Cc1ccc(CCc(cc2OC)ccc2/N=N\c(ccc(CCc2ccc(C)cc2)c2)c2OC)cc1 Chemical compound Cc1ccc(CCc(cc2OC)ccc2/N=N\c(ccc(CCc2ccc(C)cc2)c2)c2OC)cc1 QFJCXKVAPMDTCN-YHZPTAEISA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBUPVGIGAMCMBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+](c(cc1)ccc1C(CBr)=O)=O Chemical compound [O-][N+](c(cc1)ccc1C(CBr)=O)=O MBUPVGIGAMCMBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZTOYTFFEUUYRNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+](c(cc1)ccc1C(CCC(c(cc1)ccc1[N+]([O-])=O)=O)=O)=O Chemical compound [O-][N+](c(cc1)ccc1C(CCC(c(cc1)ccc1[N+]([O-])=O)=O)=O)=O ZTOYTFFEUUYRNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1042—Copolyimides derived from at least two different tetracarboxylic compounds or two different diamino compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1046—Polyimides containing oxygen in the form of ether bonds in the main chain
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1057—Polyimides containing other atoms than carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen or oxygen in the main chain
- C08G73/1064—Polyimides containing other atoms than carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen or oxygen in the main chain containing sulfur
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/56—Aligning agents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal alignment agent, a liquid crystal alignment film, and a liquid crystal display element.
- Liquid crystal display elements are currently widely used as display devices that are thin and light.
- the display characteristics of liquid crystal display elements are known to be greatly influenced by the orientation of the liquid crystal, the size of the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal, the stability of the pretilt angle, the electrical characteristics, etc.
- the display characteristics of such liquid crystal display elements In order to improve the ratio, not only the liquid crystal material to be used, but also a liquid crystal alignment film that is in direct contact with the liquid crystal and determines the alignment state is important.
- the liquid crystal alignment film mainly uses a resin solution of polyamic acid or polyimide as a liquid crystal alignment agent, and after applying them to the substrate, firing is performed, and the surface of the coating film is subjected to pressure by rayon or nylon cloth. It is formed by performing a so-called rubbing process.
- the method of obtaining a liquid crystal alignment film from polyimide or its precursor polyamic acid can produce a coating film excellent in heat resistance and solvent resistance by a simple process of applying and baking a resin solution, and by rubbing Since the liquid crystal can be easily aligned, it has been widely spread industrially and has been up to now.
- Patent Document 1 proposes to use a polyimide resin having a specific repeating unit in order to obtain a high voltage holding ratio.
- Patent Document 2 proposes to shorten the time until the afterimage is erased by using soluble polyimide having a nitrogen atom in addition to the imide group for the afterimage phenomenon.
- the present invention provides a liquid crystal aligning agent, a liquid crystal alignment film, and a liquid crystal display element, in which accumulated charges are quickly relaxed and reliability, in particular, reliability after high temperature and high humidity aging is improved. Objective.
- the present inventors have introduced a diamine having a specific side chain structure together with a specific diamine having a furan ring or a thiophene ring as a diamine component, thereby achieving good afterimage characteristics and high reliability. Has been found to be able to be secured, and the present invention has been completed.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention that achieves the above object comprises at least one first diamine represented by the following formula [I] and a side chain selected from the group represented by the following formulas [S1] to [S3]. It includes a polymer obtained from a diamine component containing at least one second diamine having a structure, and an organic solvent.
- Z 1 represents an S atom or an O atom, and * represents a site bonded to another group.
- any hydrogen atom of the benzene ring is substituted with a monovalent organic group. May be.
- X 1 and X 2 are each independently a single bond, — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 15), —CONH—, —NHCO—, —COs. —NH—, —O—, —COO—, —OCO— or — ((CH 2 ) a1 —A 1 ) m1 —, wherein a1 is independently an integer of 1 to 15
- a plurality of A 1 each independently represents an oxygen atom or —COO—, and m 1 is 1 to 2.
- G 1 and G 2 are each independently a divalent aromatic having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- m and n may be substituted by at least one selected from the group consisting of atom is independently an integer of 0 to 3, the sum of m and n is 1 ⁇ 4 .
- R 1 Represents an alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and any hydrogen forming R 1 may be substituted with fluorine.
- X 3 represents a single bond, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CON (CH 3 ) —, —NH—, —O—, —CH 2 O—, —COO— or —OCO—
- R 2 represents alkyl having 1 to 20 carbons or alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 20 carbons, and any hydrogen forming R 2 may be substituted with fluorine.
- X 4 represents —CONH—, —NHCO—, —O—, —COO— or —OCO—.
- R 3 represents a structure having a steroid skeleton.
- the polymer is at least one selected from the group consisting of a polyimide precursor which is a polycondensate of a diamine having a structure represented by the formula [1] and a tetracarboxylic dianhydride and a polyimide which is an imidized product thereof.
- the polymer is preferably.
- the first diamine is represented by the following formula [II].
- P 3 represents a single bond, —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, — (CH 2 ) 1 —, —O (CH 2 ) m O—, —CONH—, And a divalent organic group selected from —NHCO— (l, m represents an integer of 1 to 5), * 1 represents a site bonded to a benzene ring in formula [II], and * 2 represents a formula It represents a site that binds to an amino group in [II].
- the side chain structure represented by the formula [S1] is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of the following formulas [S1-x1] to [S1-x7].
- R 1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- X p is — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 15). ), —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CON (CH 3 ) —, —NH—, —O—, —CH 2 O—, —COO— or —OCO—, wherein A 1 represents an oxygen atom or — COO- * (where a bond marked with “*” binds to (CH 2 ) a2 ) A 2 is an oxygen atom or * —COO— (where the bond marked with “*” is (CH 2 ) is bonded to a2 ), a3 is an integer of 0 or 1, and a1 and a2 are each independently an integer of 2 to 10. Cy is a 1,4-cyclohexylene group or Represents a 1,4-phenylene group.)
- X 3 is —CONH—, —NHCO—, —O—, —CH 2 O—, —COO— or —OCO—
- R 2 Is preferably alkyl having 3 to 20 carbons or alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 20 carbons.
- the side chain structure represented by the formula [S3] preferably has a structure represented by the following formula [S3-x].
- X represents the formula [X1] or the formula [X2].
- Col represents at least one selected from the group consisting of the formulas [Col1] to [Col3].
- G represents the formula [G1] ] To [G4], in which * represents a bonding position.
- the diamine component preferably contains at least one selected from diamines represented by the following formulas [1] and [2].
- X represents a single bond, —O—, —C (CH 3 ) 2 —, —NH—, —CO—, — (CH 2 ) m —, —SO 2 —, or any thereof.
- M represents an integer of 1 to 8.
- Two Y's are each independently selected from at least a side chain structure represented by the above formulas [S1] to [S3].
- Y represents at least one selected from the side chain structures represented by the formulas [S1] to [S3].
- the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention that achieves the above object is obtained from the above liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention that achieves the above object is characterized by comprising the above liquid crystal alignment film.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent for solving problems in the present invention, it is possible to provide a liquid crystal aligning agent, a liquid crystal alignment film, and a liquid crystal display element, in which accumulated charge is quickly relaxed and reliability, particularly reliability after high temperature and high humidity aging is improved.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention is a diamine component containing the 1st diamine which has a structure represented by the said formula [I], and the 2nd diamine compound which has a side chain structure represented by said [S1] to [S3]. First, the diamine will be described.
- the first diamine compound has a structure represented by the following formula [I].
- Z 1 represents an S atom or an O atom, and * represents a site bonded to another group.
- any hydrogen atom of the benzene ring is substituted with a monovalent organic group. May be.
- the monovalent organic group includes a hydrocarbon group; a hydrocarbon group containing a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, or a carboxyl group; a bonding group such as an ether bond, an ester bond, or an amide bond.
- a hydrocarbon group linked by: a hydrocarbon group containing a silicon atom; a halogenated hydrocarbon group; an amino group; an inert group in which the amino group is protected by a carbamate-based protecting group such as a t-butoxycarbonyl group, etc. Can be mentioned.
- the hydrocarbon group may be a straight chain, branched chain or cyclic chain, and may be a saturated hydrocarbon or an unsaturated hydrocarbon.
- some of the hydrogen atoms of the hydrocarbon group may be replaced by carboxyl groups, hydroxyl groups, thiol groups, silicon atoms, halogen atoms, etc., and are linked by a linking group such as an ether bond, an ester bond, or an amide bond. It may be.
- the alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms may be a straight chain, a branched chain or a cyclic chain.
- a monovalent organic group or an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms can be variously selected depending on applications.
- the bonding position of the benzene ring to the five-membered ring is a carbon atom adjacent to Z 1 on the five-membered ring as shown in the following formula [I-1] from the viewpoint of charge transfer.
- the bonding position of the benzene ring to the five-membered ring is a carbon atom adjacent to Z 1 on the five-membered ring as shown in the following formula [I-1] from the viewpoint of charge transfer.
- the specific first diamine compound can be represented by, for example, the following formula [I-2], particularly preferably a diamine represented by the following formula [I-3], and further represented by the formula [I-4].
- the diamine represented is more preferred.
- Z 1 is the same as in the case of the formula [I]
- Q 1 and Q 2 are each independently a single bond or divalent It is an organic group, that is, Q 1 and Q 2 may have different structures.
- the two Q 2 'in the formula [I-4] may have a different structure from each other.
- any hydrogen atom of the benzene ring may be substituted with a monovalent organic group as in the case of the above formula [I].
- Preferred examples of the specific first diamine compound include diamines represented by the following formula [II], and more preferred are diamines represented by the formula [II-1].
- Z 1 in the formula [II] and the formula [II-1] is the same as that in the formula [I].
- Two P 2 s each independently represent a single bond or a structure of the following formula [III].
- any hydrogen atom of the benzene ring may be substituted with a monovalent organic group.
- P 3 represents a single bond, —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, — (CH 2 ) 1 —, —O (CH 2 ) m O—, —CONH—, and — It represents a divalent organic group selected from the group consisting of NHCO—, wherein l and m each represents an integer of 1 to 5.
- P 3 is preferably a single bond, —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, or —NHCO— from the viewpoint of relaxation of accumulated charge.
- * 1 represents the site
- * 2 represents the site
- N in the formula [II] and the formula [II-1] represents an integer of 1 to 3. Preferably it is 1 or 2.
- diamine represented by the formula [II] examples include diamines represented by the following formulas [4-1-1] to [4-1-12], but are not limited thereto.
- [4-1-1], [4-1-2], [4-1-4] to [4-1-12] are preferable from the viewpoint of relaxation of accumulated charges, and [4-1-1- 1] and [4-1-8] to [4-1-12] are particularly preferable.
- the diamine of the present invention can be obtained by reducing a dinitro compound and converting a nitro group to an amino group as shown in the following reaction formula.
- a diamine in which the hydrogen atom of the benzene ring and the saturated hydrocarbon portion is not substituted with a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom or a monovalent organic group other than an amino group is described as an example.
- the method for reducing the dinitro compound is not particularly limited, and palladium-carbon, platinum oxide, Raney nickel, platinum black, rhodium-alumina, platinum sulfide carbon, etc. are used as a catalyst, such as ethyl acetate, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, alcohols, etc.
- a catalyst such as ethyl acetate, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, alcohols, etc.
- Examples of the method include reduction with hydrogen gas, hydrazine, hydrogen chloride or the like in a solvent. You may carry out under pressure using an autoclave etc. as needed.
- an unsaturated bond site is included in the structure of the substituent that replaces the hydrogen atom of the benzene ring or saturated hydrocarbon portion, using palladium carbon, platinum carbon, or the like, the unsaturated bond site is reduced, Since there is a possibility of becoming a saturated bond, reducing conditions using a transition metal such as reduced iron, tin, or tin chloride as a catalyst are preferable.
- the above reaction can be performed in the presence of a base.
- the base to be used is not particularly limited as long as it can be synthesized, but inorganic bases such as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, cesium carbonate, sodium alkoxide, potassium alkoxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydride, pyridine, dimethylaminopyridine And organic bases such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, and tributylamine.
- a palladium catalyst such as dibenzylideneacetone palladium or diphenylphosphinoferrocene palladium, a copper catalyst, or the like is used in combination, the yield can be improved.
- the first diamine compound of the present invention thus obtained is used as a raw material for polyimide precursors such as polyamic acid and polyamic acid ester, polyimide, polyurea, polyamide and the like (collectively referred to as “polymer”). Can do.
- This polymer can be used, for example, as a liquid crystal aligning agent by being dissolved in a predetermined organic solvent, but is not limited to its use.
- the second diamine having a specific side chain structure is represented by, for example, the following formulas [1] and [2].
- X represents a single bond, —O—, —C (CH 3 ) 2 —, —NH—, —CO—, —NHCO—, —COO—, — (CH 2 ) m —, — Represents a divalent organic group consisting of SO 2 — or any combination thereof.
- X is preferably a single bond, —O—, —NH—, —O— (CH 2 ) m —O—.
- m is an integer of 1 to 8.
- Y independently represents at least one selected from the side chain structures represented by formulas [S1] to [S3]. Details of the side chain structures represented by the formulas [S1] to [S3] will be described later.
- Y may be in the meta position or in the ortho position from the position of X, but is preferably in the ortho position. That is, the formula [2] is preferably the following formula [2 ′].
- the position of the two amino groups may be any position on the benzene ring, but in the following formulas [2] -a1 to [2] -a3 The represented position is preferable, and the following formula [2] -a1 is more preferable.
- X is the same as in the above formula [2].
- the following formulas [2] -a1 to [2] -a3 explain the positions of the two amino groups, and the Y notation represented in the above formula [2] is omitted.
- the above formula [2] is selected from the following formulas [2] -a1-1 to [2] -a3-2
- the structure represented by the following formula [2] -a1-1 is more preferable.
- X and Y are the same as those in the formula [2].
- Double side chain diamines represented by the above formula [2] can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- one kind may be used alone or a mixture of two or more kinds, and when two or more kinds are used in combination, the proportion thereof may be appropriately adjusted. .
- Y represents a specific side chain structure selected from the group represented by the following formulas [S1] to [S3].
- the specific side chain structure will be described in the order of the formulas [S1] to [S3].
- X 1 and X 2 are each independently a single bond, — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 15), —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CON (CH 3 ) —, —NH—, —O—, —COO—, —OCO— or — ((CH 2 ) a1 —A 1 ) m1 — is represented.
- the plurality of a1 are each independently an integer of 1 to 15
- the plurality of A 1 are each independently an oxygen atom or —COO—
- m 1 is 1 to 2.
- X 1 and X 2 are each independently a single bond, — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 15. ), -O-, -CH 2 O- or -COO-. More preferably, X 1 and X 2 are each independently a single bond, — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 10), —O—, —CH 2 O— or —COO. -.
- G 1 and G 2 are each independently selected from a divalent aromatic group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms or a divalent alicyclic group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the optional hydrogen atom on the cyclic group is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a fluorine-containing alkoxyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Alternatively, it may be substituted with a fluorine atom.
- m and n are each independently an integer of 0 to 3, and the sum of m and n is 1 to 4.
- R 1 represents alkyl having 1 to 20 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 20 carbons or alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 20 carbons, and any hydrogen forming R 1 is fluorine. May be substituted.
- examples of the divalent aromatic group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms include phenylene, biphenylene, naphthalene and the like.
- examples of the divalent alicyclic group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms include cyclopropylene and cyclohexylene.
- R 1 is the same as in the above formula [S1].
- X p is — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 15), —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CON (CH 3 ) —, —NH—, —O—, —CH 2 O—, —COO— or —OCO— is represented.
- a 1 represents an oxygen atom or —COO— * (a bond marked with “*” binds to (CH 2 ) a2 ).
- a 2 represents an oxygen atom or * —COO— (the bond with “*” is bonded to (CH 2 ) a2 ).
- a 3 is an integer of 0 or 1
- a 1 and a 2 are each independently an integer of 2 to 10.
- Cy that is, a group described as “Cy” in the cyclohexane ring represents a 1,4-cyclohexylene group or a 1,4-phenylene group.
- X 3 represents a single bond, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CON (CH 3 ) —, —NH—, —O—, —CH 2 O—, —COO— or —OCO—.
- X 3 is preferably —CONH—, —NHCO—, —O—, —CH 2 O—, —COO— or —OCO—.
- R 2 represents alkyl having 1 to 20 carbons or alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 20 carbons, and any hydrogen forming R 2 may be substituted with fluorine.
- R 2 is preferably an alkyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 3 represents a structure having a steroid skeleton.
- the steroid skeleton here has a skeleton represented by the following formula (st) in which three six-membered rings and one five-membered ring are bonded.
- X represents the above formula [X1] or [X2].
- Col represents at least one selected from the group consisting of the above formulas [Col1] to [Col3]
- G represents at least one selected from the group consisting of the above formulas [G1] to [G4]. * Represents a site bonded to another group.
- Examples of preferable combinations of X, Col and G in the above formula [S3-x] include combinations of the formula [X1] with the formulas [Col1] and [G2], the formula [X1] with the formulas [Col2] and [G2].
- a combination of formula [X2] and formulas [Col1] and [G2], a combination of formula [X2] and formulas [Col2] and [G2], a combination of formula [X1] and formulas [Col3] and [G1] Is mentioned.
- diamines having a specific side chain structure represented by the above formulas [S1] to [S3] can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- one kind may be used alone or a mixture of two or more kinds, and when two or more kinds are used in combination, the proportion thereof may be appropriately adjusted. .
- the diamine component of the present invention has at least a diamine having a structure represented by the above formula [I] and a specific side chain structure selected from the group represented by the above formulas [S1] to [S3]. It is a diamine containing one kind of diamine.
- examples of the diamine having a side chain structure selected from the group represented by the above formulas [S1] to [S3] include, for example, the following formulas [1-S1] to [1-S3] and [2-S1, respectively. ] To [2-S3].
- diamines represented by the above formulas [1-S1] to [1-S3] can be exemplified by the following specific structures, but are not limited thereto.
- Examples of the diamines represented by the above formulas [2-S1] to [2-S3] include, but are not limited to, the following specific structures.
- the diamine component of this embodiment may contain a diamine having a photoreactive side chain as another diamine.
- the photoreactive side chain can be introduced into the specific polymer or other polymers.
- diamine having a photoreactive side chain examples include, but are not limited to, those represented by the following formula [VIII] or [IX].
- the position of the two amino groups (—NH 2 ) may be any position on the benzene ring, for example, on the benzene ring with respect to the linking group of the side chain. 2, 3 positions, 2, 4 positions, 2, 5 positions, 2, 6 positions, 3, 4 positions or 3, 5 positions. From the viewpoint of reactivity when synthesizing the polyamic acid, the 2,4 position, the 2,5 position, or the 3,5 position is preferred. Considering the ease of synthesis of the diamine, the positions 2, 4 or 3, 5 are more preferable.
- R 8 is a single bond, —CH 2 —, —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NHCO—, —CONH—, —NH—, —CH 2 O—, —N (CH 3 ) —, —CON (CH 3 ) — or —N (CH 3 ) CO— is represented.
- R 8 is preferably a single bond, —O—, —COO—, —NHCO— or —CONH—.
- R 9 represents a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a fluorine atom.
- —CH 2 — of the alkylene group may be optionally substituted with —CF 2 — or —CH ⁇ CH—, and when any of the following groups is not adjacent to each other, these groups are substituted: -O-, -COO-, -OCO-, -NHCO-, -CONH-, -NH-, a divalent carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring.
- the divalent carbocycle or heterocycle can be specifically exemplified by the following formula (1a), but is not limited thereto.
- R 9 can be formed by a general organic synthetic method, but from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis, a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms is preferable.
- R 10 represents a photoreactive group selected from the group consisting of the following formula (1b).
- R 10 is preferably a methacryl group, an acryl group or a vinyl group from the viewpoint of photoreactivity.
- Y 1 represents —CH 2 —, —O—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NH— or —CO—.
- Y 2 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a divalent carbocyclic ring or a heterocyclic ring.
- One or a plurality of hydrogen atoms in the alkylene group, divalent carbocyclic ring or heterocyclic ring herein may be substituted with a fluorine atom or an organic group.
- —CH 2 — when the following groups are not adjacent to each other, —CH 2 — may be substituted with these groups; —O—, —NHCO—, —CONH—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NH—, —NHCONH—, —CO—.
- Y 3 represents —CH 2 —, —O—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NH—, —CO— or a single bond.
- Y 4 represents a cinnamoyl group.
- Y 5 represents a single bond, an alkylene group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a divalent carbocycle or a heterocycle.
- One or a plurality of hydrogen atoms in the alkylene group, divalent carbocyclic ring or heterocyclic ring herein may be substituted with a fluorine atom or an organic group.
- Y 5 when the following groups are not adjacent to each other, —CH 2 — may be substituted with these groups; —O—, —NHCO—, —CONH—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NH—, —NHCONH—, —CO—.
- Y 6 represents a photopolymerizable group such as an acryl group or a methacryl group.
- diamine having a photoreactive side chain represented by the above formula [VIII] or [IX] include the following formula (1c), but are not limited thereto.
- X 9 and X 10 each independently represent a single bond, —O—, —COO—, —NHCO— or —NH—.
- Y represents an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a fluorine atom.
- Examples of the diamine having a photoreactive side chain include a diamine of the following formula [VII].
- the diamine of the formula [VII] has a site having a radical generating structure in the side chain.
- radicals are generated by decomposition by ultraviolet irradiation.
- Ar represents at least one aromatic hydrocarbon group selected from the group consisting of phenylene, naphthylene, and biphenylene, and the hydrogen atom of those rings may be substituted with a halogen atom. Since Ar to which carbonyl is bonded is involved in the absorption wavelength of ultraviolet rays, a structure having a long conjugate length such as naphthylene or biphenylene is preferable when the wavelength is increased. On the other hand, when Ar has a structure such as naphthylene or biphenylene, the solubility may deteriorate, and in this case, the difficulty of synthesis increases. Ar is most preferably a phenyl group because sufficient characteristics can be obtained even with a phenyl group if the wavelength of ultraviolet rays is in the range of 250 nm to 380 nm.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group may be provided with a substituent.
- substituent here are preferably an electron-donating organic group such as an alkyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, and an amino group.
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group, a benzyl group, or a phenethyl group. In the case of an alkyl group or an alkoxy group, R 1 and R 2 may form a ring.
- T 1 and T 2 are each independently a single bond, —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NHCO—, —CONH—, —NH—, —CH. 2 O -, - N (CH 3) -, - CON (CH 3) - or an -N (CH 3) CO- linking group.
- S represents a single bond, unsubstituted or an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms substituted with a fluorine atom.
- the alkylene group —CH 2 — or —CF 2 — in this case may be optionally substituted with —CH ⁇ CH—, and when any of the following groups is not adjacent to each other, May be substituted; —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NHCO—, —CONH—, —NH—, divalent carbocycle, divalent heterocycle;
- R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R 3 represents —CH 2 —, —NR—, —O—, or —S—.
- Q is preferably an electron-donating organic group, and is preferably an alkyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an amino group, or the like as described in the example of Ar.
- Q is an amino derivative
- a defect such as the formation of a salt between the carboxylic acid group and the amino group generated during polymerization of the polyamic acid, which is a polyimide precursor, may result in a hydroxyl group or an alkoxy group. Is more preferable.
- the position of the two amino groups (—NH 2 ) may be any of o-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, and p-phenylenediamine, but is reactive with acid dianhydride. In this respect, m-phenylenediamine or p-phenylenediamine is preferable.
- n is an integer of 2 to 8.
- diamines having a photoreactive side chain represented by the above formula [VII], [VIII] or [IX] can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- a single type or a mixture of two or more types may be used. It may be used, or in the case of using a mixture of two or more, the proportion thereof may be appropriately adjusted.
- the photoreactive side chain diamine when a photoreactive side chain diamine is contained in the diamine component, the photoreactive side chain diamine is preferably 10 to 70 mol%, more preferably 10 to 60 mol% of the total diamine component.
- ⁇ Other diamines other diamines>
- Other diamine which may be contained in the diamine component for obtaining the specific polymer is not limited to the diamine having the photoreactive side chain.
- Examples of other diamines other than the diamine having a photoreactive side chain include those represented by the following formula [3].
- a 1 and A 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkynyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms. .
- a 1 and A 2 are preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- Examples of the structure of Y 1 include the following formulas (Y-1) to (Y-160), (Y-162) to (Y-168) and (Y-170) to (Y-174). .
- n is an integer from 1 to 6 unless otherwise specified.
- Me represents a methyl group.
- Boc represents a tert-butoxycarbonyl group.
- diamines including the diamine having the photoreactive side chain described above can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the specific diamine in the specific polymer is preferably 10 mol% to 95 mol%, more preferably 20 mol% to 95 mol% of the total diamine component.
- tetracarboxylic acid component examples include tetracarboxylic acid, tetracarboxylic dianhydride, tetracarboxylic acid dihalide, tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester or tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester dihalide, In the invention, these are also collectively referred to as a tetracarboxylic acid component.
- tetracarboxylic acid component tetracarboxylic dianhydride and derivatives thereof, such as tetracarboxylic acid, tetracarboxylic acid dihalide, tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, or tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester dihalide (collectively, (Referred to as the first tetracarboxylic acid component).
- tetracarboxylic dianhydrides include aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides, alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides, aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides, and the like. Specific examples thereof include those of the following groups [G-1] to [G-5].
- aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride for example, 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic dianhydride and the like;
- Examples of alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides include acid dianhydrides such as the following formulas (X1-1) to (X1-13),
- R 3 to R 23 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, It represents an alkynyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, a monovalent organic group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms containing a fluorine atom, or a phenyl group.
- R M represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- Xa represents a tetravalent organic group represented by the following formulas (Xa-1) to (Xa-7).
- aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides include pyromellitic anhydride, 4,4 ′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-diphenylsulfone.
- tetracarboxylic acid components described above can be used singly or in combination of two or more. Depending on the characteristics required for the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal display element, one kind may be used alone or a mixture of two or more kinds, and when two or more kinds are used in combination, the proportion thereof may be appropriately adjusted. .
- the specific polymer is obtained by a method of reacting the diamine component of the present embodiment described above (a diamine component composed of a plurality of types of first diamine and second diamine) and a tetracarboxylic acid component.
- the method include a diamine component composed of one or more diamines, and at least one tetracarboxylic acid component selected from the group consisting of tetracarboxylic dianhydride and a derivative of the tetracarboxylic acid.
- the method of making it react and obtaining a polyamic acid is mentioned. Specifically, a method is used in which a polyamic acid is obtained by polycondensation of a primary or secondary diamine and a tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
- a method of polycondensing a tetracarboxylic acid obtained by dialkyl esterifying a carboxylic acid group with a primary or secondary diamine, a tetracarboxylic acid dihalide obtained by halogenating a carboxylic acid group and a primary a method of polycondensation with a secondary diamine or a method of converting a carboxy group of a polyamic acid into an ester is used.
- polyimide a method is used in which the above polyamic acid or polyamic acid alkyl ester is cyclized to form polyimide.
- the reaction between the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic acid component is usually carried out in a solvent.
- the solvent used at that time is not particularly limited as long as the produced polyimide precursor is soluble.
- solvents here include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone or ⁇ -butyrolactone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide or 1,3- Examples include dimethyl-imidazolidinone.
- the solvent solubility of the polyimide precursor is high, it is represented by methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, or the following formulas [D-1] to [D-3].
- a solvent or the like can be used.
- D 1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- D 2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- D 3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- solvents can be used singly or in combination of two or more. Even if it is a solvent which does not dissolve a polyimide precursor, as long as the produced
- a method of adding conversely, a method of adding a diamine component to a solution in which a tetracarboxylic acid component is dispersed or dissolved in a solvent, a method of alternately adding a diamine component and a tetracarboxylic acid component, and the like. The method may be used.
- diamine components or tetracarboxylic acid components when reacting using a plurality of diamine components or tetracarboxylic acid components, they may be reacted in a premixed state, individually or sequentially, or further individually reacted low molecular weight substances. May be mixed and reacted to form a polymer.
- the temperature at which the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic acid component are polycondensed can be selected from -20 to 150 ° C, but is preferably in the range of -5 to 100 ° C.
- the reaction can be carried out at any concentration, but if the concentration is too low, it is difficult to obtain a high molecular weight polymer, and if the concentration is too high, the viscosity of the reaction solution becomes too high and uniform stirring becomes difficult. . Therefore, it is preferably 1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 5 to 30% by mass.
- the initial stage of the reaction is carried out at a high concentration, and then a solvent can be added.
- the ratio of the total number of moles of the diamine component to the total number of moles of the tetracarboxylic acid component is preferably 0.8 to 1.2. Similar to the normal polycondensation reaction, the closer the molar ratio is to 1.0, the higher the molecular weight of the polyimide precursor that is produced.
- Polyimide is a polyimide obtained by cyclization of the polyimide precursor, and in this polyimide, the cyclization rate of the amic acid group (also referred to as imidization rate) does not necessarily need to be 100%. It can be adjusted as desired.
- the method for imidizing the polyimide precursor include thermal imidization in which the polyimide precursor solution is heated as it is, or catalytic imidization in which a catalyst is added to the polyimide precursor solution.
- the temperature when the polyimide precursor is thermally imidized in a solution is 100 to 400 ° C., preferably 120 to 250 ° C., and a method of removing water generated by the imidation reaction from the system is preferable.
- the catalytic imidation of the polyimide precursor can be carried out by adding a basic catalyst and an acid anhydride to the polyimide precursor solution and stirring at -20 to 250 ° C, preferably 0 to 180 ° C.
- the amount of the basic catalyst is 0.5 to 30 mol times, preferably 2 to 20 mol times the amidic acid group, and the amount of the acid anhydride is 1 to 50 mol times, preferably 3 to 30 mol times the amido group. 30 mole times.
- the basic catalyst include pyridine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tributylamine, trioctylamine and the like. Of these, pyridine is preferable because it has a suitable basicity for proceeding with the reaction.
- the acid anhydride include acetic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, and the like. In particular, it is preferable to use acetic anhydride because purification after completion of the reaction is easy.
- the imidization rate by catalytic imidation can be controlled by adjusting the amount of catalyst, reaction temperature, and reaction time.
- the reaction solution may be poured into a solvent and precipitated.
- the solvent used for precipitation include methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, hexane, butyl cellosolve, heptane, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, toluene, benzene, water and the like.
- the polymer precipitated in the solvent can be recovered by filtration, and then dried under normal pressure or reduced pressure, or at room temperature or by heating.
- the solvent at this time include alcohols, ketones, hydrocarbons and the like. It is preferable to use three or more kinds of solvents selected from these, since the purification efficiency is further increased.
- polyamic acid is produced from a diamine component and a tetracarboxylic acid component, and the carboxy group (COOH group) is subjected to a chemical reaction, that is, an esterification reaction.
- a chemical reaction that is, an esterification reaction.
- the esterification reaction is a method in which a polyamic acid and an esterifying agent are reacted at ⁇ 20 to 150 ° C. (preferably 0 to 50 ° C.) for 30 minutes to 24 hours (preferably 1 to 4 hours) in the presence of a solvent. is there.
- the esterifying agent is preferably one that can be easily removed after the esterification reaction.
- N N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal, N, N-dimethylformamide diethyl acetal, N, N-dimethylformamide dipropyl acetal, N, N-dimethylformamide dineopentyl butyl acetal, N, N-dimethylformamide di-t-butyl acetal, 1-methyl-3-p-tolyltriazene, 1-ethyl-3-p-tolyltriazene, 1-propyl -3-p-tolyltriazene, 4- (4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) -4-methylmorpholinium chloride and the like.
- the amount of the esterifying agent used is preferably 2 to 6 molar equivalents per 1 mol of the polyamic acid repeating unit. Of these, 2 to 4 molar equivalents are preferred.
- the solvent used for the esterification reaction examples include a solvent used for the reaction of the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic acid component from the viewpoint of solubility of the polyamic acid in the solvent.
- a solvent used for the reaction of the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic acid component from the viewpoint of solubility of the polyamic acid in the solvent.
- N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone or ⁇ -butyrolactone is preferable.
- These solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the concentration of the polyamic acid in the solvent in the esterification reaction is preferably 1 to 30% by mass from the viewpoint that polyamic acid does not easily precipitate. Among these, 5 to 20% by mass is preferable.
- the solvent examples include a solvent used for the reaction of the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic acid component from the viewpoint of solubility of the obtained polymer, that is, the polyamic acid alkyl ester in the solvent.
- a solvent used for the reaction of the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic acid component from the viewpoint of solubility of the obtained polymer, that is, the polyamic acid alkyl ester in the solvent.
- N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone or ⁇ -butyrolactone is preferable.
- These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the concentration of the polyamic acid alkyl ester in the solvent in the reaction is preferably 1 to 30% by mass from the viewpoint that precipitation of the polyamic acid alkyl ester hardly occurs. Among these, 5 to 20% by mass is preferable.
- the solvent used for preparing the polyamic acid alkyl ester is dehydrated as much as possible.
- the reaction is preferably performed in a nitrogen atmosphere to prevent outside air from being mixed.
- a diamine component and a tetracarboxylic acid diester are heated at 0 to 150 ° C. (preferably in the presence of a condensing agent, a base and a solvent). Is a method of polycondensation reaction at 0 to 100 ° C. for 30 minutes to 24 hours (preferably 3 to 15 hours).
- Condensation agents include triphenyl phosphite, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride, N, N′-carbonyldiimidazole, dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazinyl Methylmorpholinium, O- (benzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N ′, N′-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate, O- (benzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N ′, N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate, (2,3-dihydro-2-thioxo-3-benzoxazolyl) phosphonate diphenyl, and the like can be used.
- the amount of the condensing agent used is preferably 2 to 3 moles, and more preferably 2 to 2.5 moles, based on
- tertiary amines such as pyridine and triethylamine can be used.
- the amount of the base used is preferably an amount that can be easily removed after the polycondensation reaction, preferably 2 to 4 times by mole, more preferably 2 to 3 times by mole with respect to the diamine component.
- the solvent used for the polycondensation reaction include a solvent used for the reaction of the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic acid component from the viewpoint of the solubility of the resulting polymer, that is, the polyamic acid alkyl ester, in the solvent.
- N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone or ⁇ -butyrolactone is preferable. These solvents may be used alone or in combination.
- the reaction proceeds efficiently by adding Lewis acid as an additive.
- Lewis acid lithium halides such as lithium chloride and lithium bromide are preferable.
- the amount of Lewis acid used is preferably 0.1 to 10 times the mole of the diamine component. Among these, 2.0 to 3.0 moles are preferable.
- the reaction solution may be poured into a solvent and precipitated.
- the solvent used for precipitation include water, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, hexane, butyl cellosolve, acetone, toluene and the like.
- the polymer precipitated in the solvent is preferably washed with the solvent a plurality of times for the purpose of removing the additives and catalysts used above. After washing, filtration and recovery, the polymer can be dried under normal pressure or reduced pressure, or at room temperature or with heating.
- the impurities in the polymer can be reduced by re-dissolving the polymer recovered by precipitation in a solvent and repeating the operation of re-precipitation recovery 2 to 10 times.
- the polyamic acid alkyl ester is preferably the above production method (2) or (3).
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention contains said specific polymer, it may contain 2 or more types of specific polymers of a different structure.
- other polymers that is, polymers having no divalent group represented by the formula (I) (obtained without containing the specific diamine represented by the formula [I] Polymer).
- Polymer types include polyamic acid, polyimide, polyamic acid ester, polyester, polyamide, polyurea, polyorganosiloxane, cellulose derivative, polyacetal, polystyrene or derivatives thereof, poly (styrene-phenylmaleimide) derivative, poly (meth) acrylate Etc.
- the ratio of the specific polymer with respect to all polymer components is preferably 5% by mass or more, for example, 5 to 95% by mass.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent generally takes the form of a coating liquid from the viewpoint of forming a uniform thin film. It is preferable that the liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention is also a coating liquid containing the said polymer component and the organic solvent in which this polymer component is dissolved. At that time, the concentration of the polymer in the liquid crystal aligning agent can be appropriately changed by setting the thickness of the coating film to be formed. From the viewpoint of forming a uniform and defect-free coating film, it is preferably 1% by mass or more, and from the viewpoint of storage stability of the solution, it is preferably 10% by mass or less. A particularly preferred polymer concentration is 2 to 8% by mass.
- the organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent is not particularly limited as long as the polymer component is uniformly dissolved.
- Specific examples include N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, ⁇ -butyrolactone, 1,3-dimethyl- Imidazolidinone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone and the like.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, or ⁇ -butyrolactone is preferably used.
- organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention in addition to the above solvent, a solvent that improves the coating property when applying the liquid crystal aligning agent and the surface smoothness of the coating film can also be used. Specific examples of such organic solvents are listed below, but are not limited thereto.
- ethanol isopropyl alcohol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, isopentyl alcohol, tert-pentyl alcohol, 3-methyl-2-butanol, neopentyl alcohol, 1-hexanol, 2-methyl-1-pentanol, 2-methyl-2-pentanol, 2-ethyl-1-butanol, 1-heptanol 2-heptanol, 3-heptanol, 1-octanol, 2-octanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, cyclohexanol, 1-methylcyclohexanol, 2-methylcyclohexanol, 3-methylcyclohexanol, 2,6- Zimechi -4-heptanol, 1,2-ethanedi
- organic solvents include 1-hexanol, cyclohexanol, 1,2-ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, ethylene It is preferable to use glycol monobutyl ether or dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether.
- the kind and content of such a solvent are suitably selected according to the coating device, coating conditions, coating environment, etc. of the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may additionally contain components other than the polymer component and the organic solvent.
- additional components include adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate, an adhesion aid for increasing the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the sealing material, a cross-linking agent for increasing the strength of the liquid crystal alignment film, and liquid crystal Examples thereof include dielectrics and conductive materials for adjusting the dielectric constant and electrical resistance of the alignment film. Specific examples of these additional components include the poor solvents and crosslinkable compounds disclosed in WO2015 / 060357, page 53, paragraph [0104] to page 60, paragraph [0116].
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention includes a polymer other than the specific polymer described in the present invention, a dielectric for the purpose of changing electrical properties such as dielectric constant and conductivity of the liquid crystal aligning film, and a liquid crystal aligning film.
- An imidization accelerator for the purpose of efficiently proceeding imidization by heating may be contained.
- Examples of the compound that improves the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate include a functional silane-containing compound and an epoxy group-containing compound, such as 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3- Glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 2-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 2-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N- (2- Aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-ureidopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-ureidopropyltriethoxysilane, N-ethoxycarbonyl- 3-aminopropyl
- additives may be added to the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention in order to increase the mechanical strength of the liquid crystal aligning film.
- the above-mentioned additive is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer component contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. If the amount is less than 0.1 parts by mass, the effect cannot be expected. If the amount exceeds 30 parts by mass, the orientation of the liquid crystal is lowered, so 0.5 to 20 parts by mass is more preferable.
- the liquid crystal aligning film of this invention is obtained from the said liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the use of the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is particularly suitable for the VA mode, particularly the PSA mode, in which liquid crystal molecules aligned perpendicular to the substrate are responded by an electric field, has excellent voltage holding ratio, and reduces accumulated charge.
- a liquid crystal alignment film and a liquid crystal display element excellent in afterimage characteristics can be provided quickly. If an example of the method of obtaining a liquid crystal aligning film is given, after apply
- the cured film is rubbed, irradiated with polarized light or light of a specific wavelength, or treated with an ion beam, or a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display element after filling the liquid crystal as a PSA alignment film It is also possible to irradiate with UV. In particular, it is useful to use as an alignment film for PSA.
- the substrate to which the liquid crystal aligning agent is applied is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate, and a plastic substrate such as an acrylic substrate or a polycarbonate substrate can be used together with a glass substrate or a silicon nitride substrate. At that time, it is preferable to use a substrate on which an ITO electrode or the like for driving the liquid crystal is used from the viewpoint of simplification of the process.
- an opaque material such as a silicon wafer can be used as long as it is only on one side of the substrate, and a material that reflects light such as aluminum can be used for the electrode in this case.
- the application method of the liquid crystal aligning agent is not particularly limited, but industrially, screen printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, ink jet method and the like are common. As other coating methods, there are a dipping method, a roll coater method, a slit coater method, a spinner method, a spray method, and the like, and these may be used according to the purpose.
- the solvent is evaporated and baked by a heating means such as a hot plate, a thermal circulation oven, an IR (infrared) oven, or the like. Arbitrary temperature and time can be selected for the drying and baking steps after applying the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the drying step is not necessarily required, but it is preferable to perform the drying step when the time from application to baking is not constant for each substrate, or when baking is not performed immediately after application.
- the drying is not particularly limited as long as the solvent is removed to such an extent that the shape of the coating film is not deformed by transporting the substrate or the like.
- the baking temperature of the coating film formed by applying the liquid crystal aligning agent is not limited, and is, for example, 100 ° C. to 350 ° C., preferably 120 ° C. to 300 ° C., and more preferably 150 ° C. to 250 ° C.
- the firing time is 5 minutes to 240 minutes, preferably 10 minutes to 90 minutes, and more preferably 20 minutes to 90 minutes. Heating can be performed by a generally known method such as a hot plate, a hot air circulating furnace, an infrared furnace, or the like.
- the thickness of the liquid crystal alignment film after firing is too thin, the reliability of the liquid crystal display element may be lowered, and is preferably 5 to 300 nm, and more preferably 10 to 200 nm.
- the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is useful as a liquid crystal alignment film of a VA mode, particularly a PSA mode liquid crystal display element.
- a liquid crystal cell can be produced by a known method after forming a liquid crystal alignment film on a substrate by the above method.
- the two substrates disposed so as to face each other, the liquid crystal layer provided between the substrates, and the liquid crystal alignment agent provided between the substrate and the liquid crystal layer are formed by the above-described liquid crystal display element.
- a liquid crystal layer composed of liquid crystal is sandwiched between substrates, that is, a liquid crystal layer is provided in contact with a liquid crystal alignment film, and ultraviolet light is applied while applying a voltage to the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal layer. It is a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display element having a liquid crystal cell.
- the substrate of the liquid crystal display element is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate, but is usually a substrate in which a transparent electrode for driving liquid crystal is formed on the substrate.
- a substrate provided with a conventional electrode pattern or projection pattern may be used.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent containing the polyimide polymer of the present invention is used, for example, from 1 ⁇ m to one side substrate.
- a 10 ⁇ m line / slit electrode pattern is formed, and it is possible to operate even in a structure in which no slit pattern or protrusion pattern is formed on the counter substrate. With the liquid crystal display element of this structure, the manufacturing process can be simplified, High transmittance can be obtained.
- a high-performance element such as a TFT type element
- an element in which an element such as a transistor is formed between an electrode for driving a liquid crystal and a substrate is used.
- a substrate In the case of a transmissive liquid crystal display element, it is common to use a substrate as described above. However, in a reflective liquid crystal display element, if only one substrate is used, an opaque substrate such as a silicon wafer may be used. Is possible. At that time, a material such as aluminum that reflects light may be used for the electrode formed on the substrate.
- a liquid crystal material constituting the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal display element is not particularly limited, and a liquid crystal material used in a conventional vertical alignment method, for example, a negative type such as MLC-6608, MLC-6609, MLC-3023 manufactured by Merck The liquid crystal can be used.
- a liquid crystal containing a polymerizable compound represented by the following formula can be used.
- a known method can be exemplified. For example, a pair of substrates on which a liquid crystal alignment film is formed is prepared, and spacers such as beads are dispersed on the liquid crystal alignment film on one substrate so that the surface on which the liquid crystal alignment film is formed is on the inside. Then, the other substrate is bonded, and liquid crystal is injected under reduced pressure to seal.
- a liquid crystal cell can also be produced by a method in which the other substrate is bonded to each other so as to be inside, and sealing is performed.
- the thickness of the spacer is preferably 1 to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the step of producing a liquid crystal cell by irradiating ultraviolet rays while applying a voltage to the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal layer includes, for example, applying an electric field between the electrodes installed on the substrate to apply an electric field to the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal layer. And applying ultraviolet rays while maintaining this electric field.
- the voltage applied between the electrodes is, for example, 5 to 30 Vp-p, preferably 5 to 20 Vp-p.
- the irradiation amount of ultraviolet rays is, for example, 1 to 60 J, preferably 40 J or less, and the smaller the irradiation amount of ultraviolet rays, the lowering of reliability caused by the destruction of the members constituting the liquid crystal display element can be suppressed, and the irradiation time of ultraviolet rays can be reduced. This is preferable because the manufacturing efficiency is increased.
- the polymerizable compound when ultraviolet rays are irradiated while applying a voltage to the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal layer, the polymerizable compound reacts to form a polymer, and the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules are tilted is stored by this polymer.
- the response speed of the obtained liquid crystal display element can be increased.
- a polyimide precursor having a side chain for vertically aligning liquid crystal and a photoreactive side chain when irradiated with ultraviolet rays while applying a voltage to the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal layer, and the polyimide precursor as an imide Since the photoreactive side chains of at least one polymer selected from the polyimide obtained by the reaction or the photoreactive side chains of the polymer react with the polymerizable compound, the liquid crystal display element obtained The response speed can be increased.
- a polarizing plate is installed. Specifically, it is preferable to attach a pair of polarizing plates to the surfaces of the two substrates opposite to the liquid crystal layer.
- the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal display element of the present invention are not limited to the above-described configuration and manufacturing method as long as the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is used, and are manufactured by other known methods. There may be. Processes for obtaining a liquid crystal display element from a liquid crystal aligning agent are disclosed, for example, in paragraph [0074] on page 17 to paragraph [0082] on page 19 of JP-A-2015-135393.
- a liquid crystal display element having an excellent response speed is obtained by efficiently fixing the orientation of the liquid crystal.
- Zinc chloride (120.3 g, 882 mmol) was added to a 3 L (liter) four-necked flask, and the temperature was raised to 100 ° C., followed by vacuum drying for 1 hour with an oil pump. Thereafter, toluene (460 g), diethylamine (45.0 g, 615 mmol), t-butanol (46.4 g, 626 mmol), 2-bromo-4-nitroacetophenone (100.0 g, 410 mmol) at room temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere 4-nitroacetophenone (104.2 g, 631 mmol) was sequentially added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 days.
- the imidation rate is determined based on protons derived from structures that do not change before and after imidation as reference protons, and the peak integrated value of these protons and proton peaks derived from NH groups of amic acid appearing in the vicinity of 9.5 to 10.0 ppm. It calculated
- Imidization rate (%) (1 ⁇ ⁇ x / y) ⁇ 100
- x is a proton peak integrated value derived from NH group of amic acid
- y is a peak integrated value of reference proton
- ⁇ is one NH group proton of amic acid in the case of polyamic acid (imidation rate is 0%) Is the number ratio of the reference proton to.
- the viscosity of the polyimide polymer is an E-type viscometer TVE-22H (manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.), a sample amount of 1.1 mL, a cone rotor TE-1 (1 ° 34 ′, R24), measured at a temperature of 25 ° C.
- the viscosity of this polyamic acid solution was measured and found to be 805 mPa ⁇ s.
- NMP NMP to the obtained polyamic acid solution (20.0 g) and diluting to 6.5% by mass
- acetic anhydride (4.02 g) and pyridine (1.25 g) were added as an imidization catalyst at 50 ° C.
- the reaction was performed for 3 hours.
- This reaction solution was put into methanol (234 ml), and the resulting precipitate was separated by filtration. This deposit was wash
- the imidation ratio of this polyimide was 47%.
- NMP (27.0 g) was added to the polyimide powder (1) (3.00 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 1, and dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 24 hours.
- BCS (20.0 g) was added to this solution to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (V-1).
- This liquid crystal aligning agent was confirmed to be a uniform solution without any abnormality such as turbidity and precipitation.
- Liquid crystal aligning agents (V-2) to (V-8) were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polyimide powders (2) to (8) were used. This liquid crystal aligning agent was confirmed to be a uniform solution without any abnormality such as turbidity and precipitation.
- Example 9 NMP (57.0 g) was added to the polyimide powder (9) (3.00 g) obtained in Synthesis Example 9, and dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 24 hours. BCS (15.0 g) was added to this solution to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (V-9). This liquid crystal aligning agent was confirmed to be a uniform solution without any abnormality such as turbidity and precipitation.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent (V-R2) was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the polyimide powder (R2) was used. This liquid crystal aligning agent was confirmed to be a uniform solution without any abnormality such as turbidity and precipitation.
- Example 10 The liquid crystal aligning agent (V-4) (3.00 g) obtained in Example 4 and the liquid crystal aligning agent (V-R1) (7.00 g) obtained in Comparative Example 1 were mixed and stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. As a result, a liquid crystal aligning agent (V-10) was obtained. This liquid crystal aligning agent was confirmed to be a uniform solution without any abnormality such as turbidity and precipitation.
- Example 11 The liquid crystal aligning agent used was changed to the liquid crystal aligning agent (V-6) (3.00 g) obtained in Example 6 and the liquid crystal aligning agent (VR-2) (7.00 g) obtained in Comparative Example 2.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent (V-11) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 10 except that.
- liquid crystal display elements were prepared using the liquid crystal aligning agents (VR1) to (VR2) of Comparative Examples, vertical alignment, evaluation of voltage holding ratio, and evaluation of afterimage characteristics were performed. The results are shown in Table 2.
- liquid crystal aligning agents (V-1) to (V-11) obtained in the examples and the liquid crystal aligning agents (V-R1) to (V-R2) obtained in the comparative examples were passed through a membrane filter having a pore diameter of 1 ⁇ m. Filtered under pressure.
- the obtained solution was spin-coated on an ITO surface of a 40 mm ⁇ 30 mm ITO electrode glass substrate (length: 40 mm, width: 30 mm, thickness: 1.1 mm) washed with pure water and IPA (isopropyl alcohol), Heat treatment was performed on a hot plate at 70 ° C. for 90 seconds and in a heat circulation type clean oven at 230 ° C.
- ITO substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film having a film thickness of 100 nm.
- Two obtained ITO substrates with a liquid crystal alignment film were prepared, and bead spacers (manufactured by JGC Catalysts & Chemicals Co., Ltd., true ball, SW-D1) having a diameter of 4 ⁇ m were applied to the liquid crystal alignment film surface of one of the substrates.
- the periphery was applied with a sealing agent (XN-1500T manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals).
- a sealing agent XN-1500T manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals.
- Liquid crystal MLC-3023 (trade name, manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc.) was injected into this empty cell by a reduced pressure injection method to prepare a liquid crystal cell.
- UV of a high pressure mercury lamp passed through a cut filter of 325 nm or less from the outside of the liquid crystal cell was irradiated at 10 J / cm 2 (1st-UV). Thereafter, irradiation with a fluorescent UV lamp (FLR40SUV32 / A-1) for 30 minutes without applying a voltage to the liquid crystal cell (2nd-UV) to deactivate unreacted polymerizable compounds present in the liquid crystal cell. It was.
- the UV irradiation amount was measured by connecting a UV-35 light receiver to UV-M03A manufactured by ORC.
- the liquid crystal display element for evaluation produced above was applied with a voltage of 1 V at an interval of 1667 milliseconds for an application time of 60 microseconds, and then the voltage holding ratio (%) after 1667 milliseconds from the release of application was measured at 60 ° C. did. Thereafter, the plate was left in a high-temperature and high-humidity oven at 85 ° C. and 85% for 7 days, and the voltage holding ratio (%) was similarly measured at 60 ° C.
- the measurement device used was VHR-1 manufactured by Toyo Technica. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2. After the high-temperature and high-humidity test, those having a voltage holding ratio of 40% or more were judged good, and those having a voltage holding ratio of less than 40% were judged as bad.
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Abstract
Description
第1ジアミン化合物は、下記式[I]で表される構造を有する。
上記式[II]及び式[II-1]中のnは、1~3の整数を表す。好ましくは1又は2である。
次に、本発明のジアミンの主な合成方法について説明する。なお、以下で説明した方法は合成例であり、これに限定されない。
本実施形態において、特定側鎖構造を有する第2ジアミンは、例えば下記式[1]、[2]で表される。
本実施形態のジアミン成分は、その他のジアミンとして、光反応性側鎖を有するジアミンを含有してもよい。ジアミン成分が、光反応性側鎖を有するジアミンを含有することで、特定重合体やそれ以外の重合体に、光反応性側鎖を導入できるようになる。
特定重合体を得るためのジアミン成分に含まれていてもよいその他のジアミンは、上記光反応性側鎖を有するジアミン等に限定されない。上記光反応性側鎖を有するジアミン以外のその他のジアミンの例としては、下記式[3]で表されるものが挙げられる。
特定重合体を得るためのテトラカルボン酸成分の例としては、テトラカルボン酸、テトラカルボン酸二無水物、テトラカルボン酸ジハライド、テトラカルボン酸ジアルキルエステル又はテトラカルボン酸ジアルキルエステルジハライドが挙げられ、本発明では、これらを総称してテトラカルボン酸成分とも称する。
特定重合体は、上記説明した本実施形態のジアミン成分(複数種の第1ジアミン及び第2ジアミンからなるジアミン成分)と、テトラカルボン酸成分と、を反応させる方法により得られる。該方法としては、例えば、1種又は複数種のジアミンからなるジアミン成分と、テトラカルボン酸二無水物及びそのテトラカルボン酸の誘導体からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種のテトラカルボン酸成分と、を反応させ、ポリアミド酸を得る方法が挙げられる。具体的には、1級又は2級のジアミンと、テトラカルボン酸二無水物と、を重縮合させてポリアミック酸を得る方法が用いられる。
この方法は、例えば、ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸成分とからポリアミド酸を製造し、そのカルボキシ基(COOH基)に化学反応、すなわちエステル化反応を行い、ポリアミド酸アルキルエステルを製造する方法である。エステル化反応は、ポリアミド酸とエステル化剤を溶媒の存在下で、-20~150℃(好ましくは0~50℃)において、30分~24時間(好ましくは1~4時間)反応させる方法である。
この方法は、例えば、ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸ジエステルジクロリドとを、塩基と溶媒の存在下で、-20~150℃(好ましくは0~50℃)において、30分~24時間(好ましくは1~4時間)反応させる方法である。塩基は、ピリジン、トリエチルアミン、4-ジメチルアミノピリジン等を用いることができる。なかでも、反応が穏和に進行するため、ピリジンが好ましい。塩基の使用量は、反応後に、容易に除去できる量が好ましく、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルジクロリドに対して2~4倍モルが好ましく、2~3倍モルがより好ましい。
この方法は、例えば、ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸ジエステルとを、縮合剤、塩基及び溶媒の存在下で、0~150℃(好ましくは0~100℃)において、30分~24時間(好ましくは3~15時間)重縮合反応させる方法である。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、上記の特定重合体を含有するが、異なる構造の特定重合体を2種以上含有していてもよい。また、特定重合体に加えて、その他の重合体、すなわち式(I) で表される2価の基を有さない重合体(式[I] で表される特定ジアミンを含有しないで得られる重合体)を含有していてもよい。重合体の形式としては、ポリアミック酸、ポリイミド、ポリアミック酸エステル、ポリエステル、ポリアミド、ポリウレア、ポリオルガノシロキサン、セルロース誘導体、ポリアセタール、ポリスチレン又はその誘導体、ポリ(スチレン-フェニルマレイミド)誘導体、ポリ(メタ)アクリレート等が挙げられる。本発明の液晶配向剤がその他の重合体を含有する場合、全重合体成分に対する特定重合体の割合は5質量%以上が好ましく、例えば5~95質量%が挙げられる。
本発明の液晶配向膜は、上記液晶配向剤から得られる。本発明の液晶配向剤の使用により、基板に対して垂直に配向している液晶分子を電界によって応答させるVA方式、特にPSAモードに特に好適であり、電圧保持率に優れ、蓄積電荷の緩和が早く、残像特性に優れる液晶配向膜や液晶表示素子を提供できる。液晶配向膜を得る方法の一例を挙げるなら、本発明の液晶配向剤を、基板に塗布した後、必要に応じて乾燥し、焼成を行うことで得られる硬化膜を、そのまま液晶配向膜として用いることもできる。また、この硬化膜をラビングしたり、偏光又は特定の波長の光等を照射したり、イオンビーム等の処理をしたり、PSA用配向膜として液晶充填後の液晶表示素子に電圧を印加した状態でUVを照射することも可能である。特に、PSA用配向膜として使用することが有用である。
液晶表示素子は、上記の方法により、基板に液晶配向膜を形成した後、公知の方法で液晶セルを作製できる。液晶表示素子の具体例としては、対向するように配置された2枚の基板と、基板間に設けられた液晶層と、基板と液晶層との間に設けられ液晶配向剤により形成された上記液晶配向膜とを有する液晶セルを具備する垂直配向方式の液晶表示素子である。具体的には、液晶配向剤を2枚の基板上に塗布して焼成することにより液晶配向膜を形成し、この液晶配向膜が対向するように2枚の基板を配置し、この2枚の基板の間に液晶で構成された液晶層を挟持し、すなわち、液晶配向膜に接触させて液晶層を設け、液晶配向膜及び液晶層に電圧を印加しながら紫外線を照射することで作製される液晶セルを具備する垂直配向方式の液晶表示素子である。
<有機溶媒>
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン
NEP:N-エチル-2-ピロリドン
GBL:γ-ブチロラクトン
BCS:ブチルセロソルブ
PB:プロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテル
DME:ジプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル
DAA:4-ヒドロキシ-4-メチル-2-ペンタノン
DEDG:ジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル
DIBK:2,6-ジメチル-4-ヘプタノン
DIPE:ジイソプロピルエーテル
DIBC:2,6-ジメチル-4-ヘプタノール
Pd/C:パラジウムカーボン
DMSO:ジメチルスルオキシド
THF:テトラヒドロフラン
<添加剤>
LS-4668:3-グリシドキシプロピルトリエトキシシラン
装置:Varian NMR system 400NB(400MHz)(Varian社製)、及びJMTC-500/54/SS(500MHz)(JEOL社製)
測定溶媒:CDCl3(重水素化クロロホルム),DMSO-d6(重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド)
基準物質:TMS(テトラメチルシラン)(δ:0.0ppm,1H)及びCDCl3(δ:77.0ppm,13C)
NMR測定結果は以下の通りである。
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6):8.32-8.28(4H,m),8.03-8.00(4H,m),7.94(2H,s)
NMR測定結果は以下の通りである。
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6):7.34-7.27(4H,m),7.09(2H,s), 7.09-6.55(4H,m),5.28(4H,s)
NMR測定結果は以下の通りである。
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6):8.40-8.36(4H,m),8.28-8.24(4H,m),3.53(4H,s)
NMR測定結果は以下の通りである。
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6):8.34-8.31(4H,m),8.16-8.13(4H,m),7.56(2H,s)
NMR測定結果は以下の通りである。
1H-NMR(DMSO-d6):7.42-7.38(4H,m),6.61-6.56(6H,m),5.28(2H,s)
以下、上記合成例で合成したDA-2である[A1]、同様に合成した[A2]、上記合成例で合成したDA-1である[A3]を用いて、ポリイミド系重合体の合成を以下の通り行った。
MLC-3023(メルク社製、ネガ型重合性化合物含有液晶)
下記式[A1]~[A3]で表される化合物
A1:式[A1]で表される化合物
A2:式[A2]で表される化合物
A3:式[A3]で表される化合物
下記式[B1]~[B3]で表される化合物
B1:式[B1]で表される化合物
B2:式[B2]で表される化合物
B3:式[B3]で表される化合物
下記式[C1]~[C6]で表される化合物
C1:式[C1]で表される化合物
C2:式[C2]で表される化合物
C3:式[C3]で表される化合物
C4:式[C4]で表される化合物
C5:式[C5]で表される化合物
C6:式[C6]で表される化合物
下記式[D1]~[D4]で表される化合物
D1:1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物
D2:ビシクロ[3,3,0]オクタン-2,4,6,8-テトラカルボン酸二無水物
D3:TCA
D4:BTDA
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン
BCS:エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル
ポリイミド粉末20mgをNMR(核磁気共鳴)サンプル管(NMRサンプリングチューブスタンダード,φ5(草野科学社製))に入れ、重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6,0.05質量%TMS(テトラメチルシラン)混合品)(0.53ml)を添加し、超音波をかけて完全に溶解させた。この溶液をNMR測定機(JNW-ECA500)(日本電子データム社製)にて、500MHzのプロトンNMRを測定した。イミド化率は、イミド化前後で変化しない構造に由来するプロトンを基準プロトンとして決め、このプロトンのピーク積算値と、9.5~10.0ppm付近に現れるアミド酸のNH基に由来するプロトンピーク積算値とを用い以下の式によって求めた。
イミド化率(%)=(1-α・x/y)×100
上記式において、xはアミド酸のNH基由来のプロトンピーク積算値、yは基準プロトンのピーク積算値、αはポリアミド酸(イミド化率が0%)の場合におけるアミド酸のNH基プロトン1個に対する基準プロトンの個数割合である。
合成例または比較合成例において、ポリイミド系重合体の粘度はE型粘度計TVE-22H(東機産業株式会社製)を用い、サンプル量1.1mL、コーンロータTE-1(1°34’、R24)、温度25℃で測定した。
下記の通り、ポリイミド系重合体の合成を行った。結果を表1に示す。
D2(2.50g,10.0mmol)、A1(3.50g,14.0mmol)、B1(2.28g,6.00mmol)をNMP(39.9g)中で混合し、50℃で3時間反応させた後、D1(1.69g,8.60mmol)を加え、40℃で3時間反応させ、樹脂固形分濃度20質量%のポリアミド酸溶液を得た。このポリアミド酸溶液の粘度を測定したところ、756mPa・sであった。
得られたポリアミド酸溶液(20.0g)に、NMPを加え6.5質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(3.984g)及びピリジン(1.24g)を加え、50℃で3時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(234ml)中に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、60℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(1)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は51%であった。
D2(2.50g,10.0mmol)、A1(2.00g,8.00mmol)、B1(2.28g,6.00mmol)、C1(0.65g,6.00mmol)をNMP(36.7g)中で混合し、50℃で3時間反応させた後、D1(1.75g,8.90mmol)を加え、40℃で3時間反応させ、樹脂固形分濃度20質量%のポリアミド酸溶液を得た。このポリアミド酸溶液の粘度を測定したところ、717mPa・sであった。
得られたポリアミド酸溶液(20.0g)に、NMPを加え6.5質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(4.35g)及びピリジン(1.35g)を加え、50℃で3時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(235ml)中に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、60℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(2)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率51%であった。
D2(2.50g,10.0mmol)、A1(2.00g,8.00mmol)、B1(2.28g,6.00mmol)、C2(2.05g,6.00mmol)をNMP(42.6g)中で混合し、50℃で3時間反応させた後、D1(1.81g,9.24mmol)を加え、40℃で3時間反応させ、樹脂固形分濃度20質量%のポリアミド酸溶液を得た。このポリアミド酸溶液の粘度を測定したところ、784mPa・sであった。
得られたポリアミド酸溶液(20.0g)に、NMPを加え6.5質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(3.78g)及びピリジン(1.17g)を加え、80℃で3時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(233ml)中に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、60℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(3)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は60%であった。
D2(2.50g,10.0mmol)、A1(3.50g,14.0mmol)、B2(3.03g,4.00mmol)、C3(0.66g、2.00mmol)をNMP(45.7g)中で混合し、50℃で3時間反応させた後、D1(1.73g,8.80mmol)を加え、40℃で3時間反応させ、樹脂固形分濃度20質量%のポリアミド酸溶液を得た。このポリアミド酸溶液の粘度を測定したところ、990mPa・sであった。
得られたポリアミド酸溶液(20.0g)に、NMPを加え6.5質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(3.50g)及びピリジン(1.09g)を加え、50℃で3時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(265ml)中に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、60℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(4)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は54%であった。
D2(2.50g,10.0mmol)、A2(3.50g,14.0mmol)、B1(2.28g,6.00mmol)をNMP(41.0g)中で混合し、50℃で3時間反応させた後、D1(1.95g,9.96mmol)を加え、40℃で3時間反応させ、樹脂固形分濃度20質量%のポリアミド酸溶液を得た。このポリアミド酸溶液の粘度を測定したところ、374mPa・sであった。
得られたポリアミド酸溶液(20.0g)に、NMPを加え6.5質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(3.98g)及びピリジン(1.24g)を加え、50℃で3時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(234ml)中に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、60℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(5)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は59%であった。
D3(4.44g,19.8mmol)、A1(2.00g,8.00mmol)、B1(2.28g,6.00mmol)、C1(0.65g,6.00mmol)をNMP(37.5g)中で混合し、60℃で6時間反応させ、樹脂固形分濃度20質量%のポリアミド酸溶液を得た。このポリアミド酸溶液の粘度を測定したところ、834mPa・sであった。
得られたポリアミド酸溶液(20.0g)に、NMPを加え6.5質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(4.34g)及びピリジン(1.34g)を加え、80℃で3時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(336ml)中に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、60℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(6)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は45%であった。
D2(2.50g,10.0mmol)、A1(3.50g,14.0mmol)、B3(2.61g,6.00mmol)をNMP(41.7g)中で混合し、50℃で3時間反応させた後、D1(1.80g,9.20mmol)を加え、40℃で3時間反応させ、樹脂固形分濃度20質量%のポリアミド酸溶液を得た。このポリアミド酸溶液の粘度を測定したところ、761mPa・sであった。
得られたポリアミド酸溶液(20.0g)に、NMPを加え6.5質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(3.86g)及びピリジン(1.20g)を加え、50℃で3時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(266ml)中に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、60℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(7)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は55%であった。
D2(2.50g,10.0mmol)、A1(2.00g,8.00mmol)、B1(2.28g,6.00mmol)、C1(0.65g,6.00mmol)をNMP(39.9g)中で混合し、50℃で3時間反応させた後、D4(1.92g,6.00mmol)を加え、23℃で1時間反応させ、更にD1(0.61g,3.10mmol)を加え23℃で3時間反応させ、樹脂固形分濃度20質量%のポリアミド酸溶液を得た。このポリアミド酸溶液の粘度を測定したところ、805mPa・sであった。
得られたポリアミド酸溶液(20.0g)に、NMPを加え6.5質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(4.02g)及びピリジン(1.25g)を加え、50℃で3時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(234ml)中に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、60℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(8)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は47%であった。
D2(2.50g,10.0mmol)、A3(2.13g,8.00mmol)、B1(2.28g,6.00mmol)、C6(0.65g,6.00mmol)をNMP(37.2g)中で混合し、50℃で3時間反応させた後、D1(1.74g,8.83mmol)を加え、40℃で3時間反応させ、樹脂固形分濃度20質量%のポリアミド酸溶液を得た。このポリアミド酸溶液の粘度を測定したところ、833mPa・sであった。
得られたポリアミド酸溶液(20.0g)に、NMPを加え6.5質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(4.29g)及びピリジン(1.33g)を加え、50℃で3時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(403ml)中に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、60℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(9)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は50%であった。
D2(2.50g,10.0mmol)、B1(2.28g,6.00mmol)、C5(3.49g,14.0mmol)をNMP(40.2g)中で混合し、50℃で3時間反応させた後、D1(1.76g,9.00mmol)を加え、40℃で3時間反応させ、樹脂固形分濃度20質量%のポリアミド酸溶液を得た。このポリアミド酸溶液の粘度を測定したところ、758mPa・sであった。
得られたポリアミド酸溶液(20.0g)に、NMPを加え6.5質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(3.99g)及びピリジン(1.24g)を加え、50℃で3時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(234ml)中に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、60℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(R1)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は46%であった。
D2(2.50g,10.0mmol)、B1(2.28g,6.00mmol)、C1(0.65g,6.00mmol)、C4(1.99g,8.00mmol)をNMP(36.8g)中で混合し、50℃で3時間反応させた後、D1(1.76g,9.0mmol)を加え、40℃で3時間反応させ、樹脂固形分濃度20質量%のポリアミド酸溶液を得た。このポリアミド酸溶液の粘度を測定したところ、786mPa・sであった。
得られたポリアミド酸溶液(20.0g)に、NMPを加え6.5質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(4.35g)及びピリジン(1.35g)を加え、50℃で3時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(235ml)中に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、60℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(R2)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は52%であった。
実施例及び比較例では、液晶配向剤の調製例を記載する。実施例及び比較例で得られた液晶配向剤を用い、液晶表示素子の作製、及び各種評価を行った。
合成例1で得られたポリイミド粉末(1)(3.00g)に、NMP(27.0g)を加え70℃にて24時間撹拌して溶解させた。この溶液に、BCS(20.0g)を加え、液晶配向剤(V-1)を得た。この液晶配向剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
ポリイミド粉末(2)~(8)とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、液晶配向剤(V-2)~(V-8)を得た。この液晶配向剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
合成例9で得られたポリイミド粉末(9)(3.00g)に、NMP(57.0g)を加え70℃にて24時間撹拌して溶解させた。この溶液に、BCS(15.0g)を加え、液晶配向剤(V-9)を得た。この液晶配向剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
比較合成例1で得られたポリイミド粉末(R1)(3.00g)に、NMP(27.0g)及びBCS(20.0g)を加え、70℃で24時間攪拌して、液晶配向剤(V-R1)を得た。この液晶配向剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
ポリイミド粉末(R2)とした以外は、比較例1と同様に液晶配向剤(V-R2)を得た。この液晶配向剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
実施例4で得られた液晶配向剤(V-4)(3.00g)と比較例1で得られた液晶配向剤(V-R1)(7.00g)を混合し、室温で3時間攪拌して、液晶配向剤(V-10)を得た。この液晶配向剤に、濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、均一な溶液であることが確認された。
使用した液晶配向剤を、実施例6で得られた液晶配向剤(V-6)(3.00g)と比較例2で得られた液晶配向剤(V-R2)(7.00g)に変更した以外は実施例10と同様の操作を行い、液晶配向剤(V-11)を得た。
実施例で得られた液晶配向剤(V-1)~(V-11)及び比較例で得られた液晶配向剤(V-R1)~(V-R2)を、細孔径1μmのメンブランフィルタで加圧濾過した。得られた溶液を純水及びIPA(イソプロピルアルコール)で洗浄した40mm×30mmのITO電極付きガラス基板(縦:40mm、横:30mm、厚さ:1.1mm)のITO面上にスピンコートし、ホットプレート上にて70℃で90秒間、熱循環型クリーンオーブンにて230℃で30分間の加熱処理をして、膜厚が100nmの液晶配向膜付きのITO基板を得た。得られた液晶配向膜付きのITO基板を2枚用意し、その一方の基板の液晶配向膜面に、直径4μmのビーズスペーサー(日揮触媒化成社製、真絲球、SW-D1)を塗布した。
(垂直配向性)
液晶表示素子の液晶配向性は、偏光顕微鏡(ECLIPSE E600WPOL)(ニコン社製)で観察し、液晶が垂直に配向しているかどうかを確認した。具体的には、液晶の流動による不良や配向欠陥による輝点が見られていないものを、良好とした。評価結果を、表2に示す。
上記で作製した評価用液晶表示素子を1Vの電圧を60マイクロ秒の印加時間、1667ミリ秒の間隔で印加した後、印加解除から1667ミリ秒後の電圧保持率(%)を60℃で測定した。その後、85℃85%の高温高湿オーブン内で7日間放置し、同様に電圧保持率(%)を60℃で測定した。測定装置は東陽テクニカ製VHR-1を使用した。評価結果を、表2に示す。高温高湿試験後に電圧保持率が40%以上のものを良好とし、40%未満のものを不良とした。
上記で作成した評価用液晶表示素子を用いて、交流電圧7.8Vp-p(30Hz)と直流電圧3Vを印加し、23℃の温度下で96時間駆動させた。その後、液晶セル内に発生している電圧(残留DC)を、直流電圧解除直後、及び3時間後にフリッカー消去法により求めた。結果を表2に示す。直流電圧解除直後に蓄積していた残留DC電圧が3時間後に70mV以下になっているものを良好とし、70mV以上が蓄積しているものを不良とした。
Claims (9)
- 下記式[I] で表される少なくとも1種の第1ジアミンと、下記式[S1]~[S3]で表される群から選ばれる側鎖構造を有する少なくとも1種の第2ジアミンとを含むジアミン成分から得られる重合体と、有機溶媒とを含むことを特徴とする液晶配向剤。
- 前記重合体が、前記式[I]で表される構造を有するジアミンとテトラカルボン酸二無水物との重縮合物であるポリイミド前駆体及びそのイミド化物であるポリイミドからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の重合体である請求項1に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 上記第1ジアミンが、以下の式[II]で表される、請求項1又は2に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記式[S1]で表される側鎖構造が、下記式[S1-x1]~[S1-x7]からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記式[S2]で表される側鎖構造を有するジアミンにおいて、X3は-CONH-、-NHCO-、-O-、-CH2O-、-COO-又は-OCO-であり、R2は炭素数3~20のアルキル又は炭素数2~20のアルコキシアルキルであることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 請求項1~請求項7の何れか一項に記載の液晶配向剤から得られることを特徴とする液晶配向膜。
- 請求項8に記載の液晶配向膜を具備することを特徴とする液晶表示素子。
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CN104081268B (zh) * | 2011-11-01 | 2017-05-24 | 日产化学工业株式会社 | 液晶取向处理剂、液晶取向膜及液晶显示元件 |
KR102391044B1 (ko) * | 2013-11-15 | 2022-04-26 | 닛산 가가쿠 가부시키가이샤 | 액정 배향제 및 그것을 사용한 액정 표시 소자 |
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2019
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- 2019-03-27 JP JP2020509221A patent/JP7348597B2/ja active Active
- 2019-03-27 CN CN201980023076.7A patent/CN111936922B/zh active Active
- 2019-03-27 WO PCT/JP2019/013283 patent/WO2019189416A1/ja active Application Filing
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TWI814803B (zh) | 2023-09-11 |
KR20200135980A (ko) | 2020-12-04 |
TW201947029A (zh) | 2019-12-16 |
JPWO2019189416A1 (ja) | 2021-03-25 |
JP7348597B2 (ja) | 2023-09-21 |
CN111936922B (zh) | 2023-05-26 |
CN111936922A (zh) | 2020-11-13 |
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