JP7161147B2 - 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及びそれを用いた液晶表示素子並びに該液晶配向膜の製造方法 - Google Patents
液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及びそれを用いた液晶表示素子並びに該液晶配向膜の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7161147B2 JP7161147B2 JP2019525494A JP2019525494A JP7161147B2 JP 7161147 B2 JP7161147 B2 JP 7161147B2 JP 2019525494 A JP2019525494 A JP 2019525494A JP 2019525494 A JP2019525494 A JP 2019525494A JP 7161147 B2 JP7161147 B2 JP 7161147B2
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- MHBPZEDIFIPGSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl n-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)carbamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)NCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC MHBPZEDIFIPGSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940117360 ethyl pyruvate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- RXTNIJMLAQNTEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-2-yl acetate Chemical compound CCCCC(C)OC(C)=O RXTNIJMLAQNTEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006358 imidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940035429 isobutyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IPLONMMJNGTUAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;bromide;hydrate Chemical compound [Li+].O.[Br-] IPLONMMJNGTUAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005641 methacryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BDJSOPWXYLFTNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-methoxypropanoate Chemical compound COCCC(=O)OC BDJSOPWXYLFTNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940057867 methyl lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CWKLZLBVOJRSOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl pyruvate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=O CWKLZLBVOJRSOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- PHQOGHDTIVQXHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCNCCN PHQOGHDTIVQXHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNRDAMBPFDPXSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[2-(3-triethoxysilylpropylamino)ethyl]ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCNCCNCCN VNRDAMBPFDPXSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHBRUUFBSBSTHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[2-(3-trimethoxysilylpropylamino)ethyl]ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCNCCNCCN NHBRUUFBSBSTHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQWFLKHKWJMCEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[3-[dimethoxy(methyl)silyl]propyl]ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)CCCNCCN MQWFLKHKWJMCEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBNQIOANXZVWIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-1,1-bis[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]methanamine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(N(C)C)OC(C)(C)C DBNQIOANXZVWIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTAZYLNFDRKIHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dioctyloctan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC XTAZYLNFDRKIHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIBWSLLLJZULCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)aniline Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCNC1=CC=CC=C1 LIBWSLLLJZULCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBJFYLLAMSZSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)aniline Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCNC1=CC=CC=C1 KBJFYLLAMSZSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPOZIJBDYFHEJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(ethyldiazenyl)-4-methylaniline Chemical compound CCN=NNC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 BPOZIJBDYFHEJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILRLVKWBBFWKTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-benzyl-3-triethoxysilylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCNCC1=CC=CC=C1 ILRLVKWBBFWKTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CLYWMXVFAMGARU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-benzyl-3-trimethoxysilylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCNCC1=CC=CC=C1 CLYWMXVFAMGARU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007645 offset printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- ILVGAIQLOCKNQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)O ILVGAIQLOCKNQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCMFJIHDWDKYIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 3-methoxypropanoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CCOC JCMFJIHDWDKYIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol methyl ether acetate Chemical compound COCC(C)OC(C)=O LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012976 tarts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JXUKBNICSRJFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCOCC1CO1 JXUKBNICSRJFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol monomethyl ether Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCO JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic anhydride Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/56—Aligning agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
- B05D3/0254—After-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08L79/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D179/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen, with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C09D161/00 - C09D177/00
- C09D179/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C09D179/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/63—Additives non-macromolecular organic
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
- G02F1/133723—Polyimide, polyamide-imide
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
Description
特定ジアミンは、下記式(1)の構造を有する。
本実施形態において、ジアミン成分として含まれていてもよい二側鎖ジアミンは、例えば下記式[1]で表される
特定側鎖構造を有するジアミンは、下記式[S1]~[S3]で表される群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の側鎖構造を有する。以下、かかる特定側鎖構造を有するジアミンについて、式[S1]~[S3]の順に説明する。
本実施形態のジアミン成分は、その他のジアミンとして、光反応性側鎖を有するジアミンを含有してもよい。ジアミン成分が、光反応性側鎖を有するジアミンを含有することで、特定重合体やそれ以外の重合体に、光反応性側鎖を導入できるようになる。
特定重合体を得るためのジアミン成分に含まれていてもよいその他のジアミンは、上記光反応性側鎖を有するジアミン等に限定されない。上記光反応性側鎖を有するジアミン以外のその他のジアミンの例としては、下記式[2]で表されるものが挙げられる。
特定重合体を得るためのテトラカルボン酸成分の例としては、テトラカルボン酸、テトラカルボン酸二無水物、テトラカルボン酸ジハライド、テトラカルボン酸ジアルキルエステル又はテトラカルボン酸ジアルキルエステルジハライドが挙げられ、本発明では、これらを総称してテトラカルボン酸成分とも称する。
特定重合体は、上記説明した本実施形態のジアミン成分と、テトラカルボン酸成分と、を反応させる方法により得られる。該方法としては、例えば、1種又は複数種のジアミンからなるジアミン成分と、テトラカルボン酸二無水物及びそのテトラカルボン酸の誘導体からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種のテトラカルボン酸成分と、を反応させ、ポリアミド酸を得る方法が挙げられる。具体的には、1級又は2級のジアミンと、テトラカルボン酸二無水物と、を重縮合させてポリアミック酸を得る方法が用いられる。
この方法は、例えば、ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸成分とからポリアミド酸を製造し、そのカルボキシ基(COOH基)に化学反応、すなわちエステル化反応を行い、ポリアミド酸アルキルエステルを製造する方法である。エステル化反応は、ポリアミド酸とエステル化剤を溶媒の存在下で、-20~150℃(好ましくは0~50℃)において、30分~24時間(好ましくは1~4時間)反応させる方法である。
この方法は、例えば、ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸ジエステルジクロリドとを、塩基と溶媒の存在下で、-20~150℃(好ましくは0~50℃)において、30分~24時間(好ましくは1~4時間)反応させる方法である。塩基は、ピリジン、トリエチルアミン、4-ジメチルアミノピリジン等を用いることができる。なかでも、反応が穏和に進行するため、ピリジンが好ましい。塩基の使用量は、反応後に、容易に除去できる量が好ましく、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルジクロリドに対して2~4倍モルが好ましく、2~3倍モルがより好ましい。
この方法は、例えば、ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸ジエステルとを、縮合剤、塩基及び溶媒の存在下で、0~150℃(好ましくは0~100℃)において、30分~24時間(好ましくは3~15時間)重縮合反応させる方法である。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、上記の特定重合体を含有するが、異なる構造の特定重合体を2種以上含有していてもよい。また、特定重合体に加えて、その他の重合体、すなわち式(1)で表される2価の基を有さない重合体(式(1)で表される特定ジアミンを含有しないで得られる重合体)を含有していてもよい。重合体の形式としては、ポリアミック酸、ポリイミド、ポリアミック酸エステル、ポリエステル、ポリアミド、ポリウレア、ポリオルガノシロキサン、セルロース誘導体、ポリアセタール、ポリスチレン又はその誘導体、ポリ(スチレン-フェニルマレイミド)誘導体、ポリ(メタ)アクリレート等が挙げられる。本発明の液晶配向剤がその他の重合体を含有する場合、全重合体成分に対する特定重合体の割合は5質量%以上が好ましく、例えば5~95質量%が挙げられる。
本発明の液晶配向膜は、上記液晶配向剤から得られる。本発明の液晶配向剤の使用により、基板に対して垂直に配向している液晶分子を電界によって応答させるVA方式、特にPSAモードに特に好適であり、高温・高湿下であっても長期に渡って高い電圧保持率を確保できる液晶配向膜や液晶表示素子を提供できる。液晶配向膜を得る方法の一例を挙げるなら、本発明の液晶配向剤を、基板に塗布した後、必要に応じて乾燥し、焼成を行うことで得られる硬化膜を、そのまま液晶配向膜として用いることもできる。また、この硬化膜をラビングしたり、偏光又は特定の波長の光等を照射したり、イオンビーム等の処理をしたり、PSA用配向膜として液晶充填後の液晶表示素子に電圧を印加した状態でUVを照射することも可能である。特に、PSA用配向膜として使用することが有用である。
本発明の液晶表示素子は、上記液晶配向剤から得られる液晶配向膜付きの基板を得た後、既知の方法で液晶セルを作製し、該液晶セルを使用して素子としたものである。作製可能な液晶表示素子の具体例としては、対向するように配置された2枚の基板と、基板間に設けられた液晶層と、基板と液晶層との間に設けられ本発明の液晶配向剤により形成された上記液晶配向膜と、を有する液晶セルを具備する垂直配向方式の液晶表示素子である。具体的には、本発明の液晶配向剤を2枚の基板上に塗布して焼成することにより液晶配向膜を形成し、この液晶配向膜が対向するように2枚の基板を配置し、この2枚の基板の間に液晶で構成された液晶層を挟持し、すなわち、液晶配向膜に接触させて液晶層を設け、液晶配向膜及び液晶層に電圧を印加しながら紫外線を照射することで作製される液晶セルを具備する垂直配向方式の液晶表示素子である。
下記式[DA-1]~[DA-10]で表される化合物
DA-1:式[DA-1]で表される化合物(特定側鎖構造を有するジアミン)
DA-2:式[DA-2]で表される化合物(特定側鎖構造を有する二側鎖ジアミン)
DA-3:式[DA-3]で表される化合物(特定ジアミン)
DA-4:式[DA-4]で表される化合物(その他のジアミン)
DA-5:式[DA-5]で表される化合物(その他のジアミン)
DA-6:式[DA-6]で表される化合物(その他のジアミン)
DA―7:式[DA―7]で表される化合物(その他のジアミン)
DA―8:式[DA―8]で表される化合物(その他のジアミン)
DA―9:式[DA―9]で表される化合物(その他のジアミン)
DA―10:式[DA―10]で表される化合物(特定側鎖構造を有するジアミン)
下記式[D1]~[D4]で表される化合物
D1:1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物
D2:ビシクロ[3,3,0]オクタン-2,4,6,8-テトラカルボン酸二無水物
D3:2,3,5-トリカルボキシシクロペンチル酢酸二無水物
D4:3,3',4,4'-ベンゾフェノンテトラカルボン酸二無水物
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン
BCS:エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル
合成例におけるポリイミドの分子量は、(株)センシュー科学社製 常温ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)装置(SSC-7200)、Shodex社製カラム(KD-803、KD-805)を用い以下のようにして測定した。
カラム温度:50℃
溶離液:N,N’-ジメチルホルムアミド(添加剤として、臭化リチウム-水和物(LiBr・H2O)が30mmol/L、リン酸・無水結晶(o-リン酸)が30mmol/L、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)が10ml/L)
流速:1.0ml/分
検量線作成用標準サンプル:東ソー社製 TSK 標準ポリエチレンオキサイド(分子量 約9,000,000、150,000、100,000、30,000)、および、ポリマーラボラトリー社製 ポリエチレングリコール(分子量 約12,000、4,000、1,000)。
合成例におけるポリイミドのイミド化率は次のようにして測定した。ポリイミド粉末20mgをNMRサンプル管(草野科学製 NMRサンプリングチューブスタンダード φ5)に入れ、重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6、0.05%TMS混合品)0.53mlを添加し、超音波をかけて完全に溶解させた。
イミド化率(%)=(1-α・x/y)×100
<合成例1>
テトラカルボン酸二無水物であるD2(3.50g)、ジアミン成分であるDA-1(3.20g)、DA-3(6.69g)を、溶媒NMP(表1のN1)(53.57g)中で混合し、60℃で3時間反応させた後、D1(2.73g)及びNMP(表1のN2)(10.94g)を加え、40℃で6時間反応させポリアミド酸溶液を得た。
合成例1の手法に沿って、材料や割合を表1及び2の通りに変更し、合成例2~7のポリイミド粉末(B)~(G)を得た。
テトラカルボン酸二無水物であるD2(3.50g)、ジアミン成分であるDA-2(2.12g)、DA-3(2.87g)を溶媒NMP(表1のN1)(47.29g)中で混合し、60℃で3時間反応させた後、D1(2.60g)及びNMP(表1のN2)(3.87g)を加え、室温で1時間反応させ、さらにD4(2.71g)及びNMP(表1のN3)(10.83g)を加え、室温で6時間反応させ、ポリアミド酸溶液を得た。このポリアミド酸溶液を合成例1の手法に沿って、材料や割合を表2の通りに変更し、合成例8のポリイミド粉末(H)を得た。
テトラカルボン酸二無水物であるD3(6.15g)、ジアミン成分であるDA-2(4.24g)、DA-3(1.91g)、DA-4(0.93g)、DA-8(2.78g)を溶媒NMP(表1のN1)(64.05g)中で混合し、60℃で6時間反応させ、ポリアミド酸溶液を得た。このポリアミド酸溶液を合成例1の手法に沿って、材料や割合を表2の通りに変更し、合成例9のポリイミド粉末(I)を得た。
テトラカルボン酸二無水物であるD2(3.50g)、ジアミン成分であるDA-1(3.20g)、DA-4(6.47g)をNMP(表1のN1)(52.70g)中で混合し、60℃で3時間反応させた後、D1(2.73g)とNMP(表1のN2)(10.92g)を加え、40℃で6時間反応させポリアミド酸溶液を得た。
比較合成例1の手法に沿って、材料や割合を表1及び2の通りに変更し、比較合成例2~4のポリイミド粉末(K)~(M)を得た。
合成例1で得たポリイミド粉末(A)(6.0g)にNMP(54.0g)を加え、70℃にて40時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液にBCS(40.0g)を加え、5時間攪拌することで、実施例1の液晶配向剤[1]を得た。この液晶配向剤に濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、樹脂成分は均一に溶解していることが確認された。
実施例1の手法に沿って、ポリイミド材料を表3の通りに変更し、実施例2~9の配向処理剤[2]~[9]を得た。これらの液晶配向剤に濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、樹脂成分は均一に溶解していることが確認された。
合成例3及び合成例6で得たポリイミド粉末(C)(3.0g)、ポリイミド粉末(F)(3.0g)にNMP(54.0g)を加え、70℃にて40時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液にBCS(40.0g)を加え、5時間攪拌することで、実施例10の液晶配向剤[10]を得た。この液晶配向剤に濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、樹脂成分は均一に溶解していることが確認された。
実施例1の手法に沿って、ポリイミド材料を表3の通りに変更し、比較例1~3の配向処理剤[11]~[14]を得た。これらの液晶配向剤に濁りや析出などの異常は見られず、樹脂成分は均一に溶解していることが確認された。
上記で得た実施例1~5及び比較例1~4の液晶配向剤を、それぞれ、3×4cmITO付きガラス基板のITO面にスピンコートし、70℃で1分30秒間ホットプレートにて焼成した後、230℃の赤外線加熱炉で20分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmのポリイミド塗布基板を作製した。
上記で作製した液晶セルを用い、60℃の熱風循環オーブン中で1Vの電圧を60μs間印加し、その後1667msec後の電圧を測定し、電圧がどのくらい保持できているかを電圧保持率として計算した。電圧保持率の測定には、東陽テクニカ社製のVHR-1を使用した。
上記で作製した液晶セルを温度85℃、湿度85%の状態にした恒温恒湿器(エスペック社製PR-2KP)内に7日間静置した後、電圧保持率の測定を行った。ここで測定した電圧保持率と2次PSA処理後の電圧保持率の差分をVHR変化量とした。
Claims (12)
- 下記式(1)の構造を有するジアミン及び下記式[S1]~[S3]で表される群から選ばれる側鎖構造を有する少なくとも1種のジアミンを含有するジアミン成分と、テトラカルボン酸成分から得られるポリイミド前駆体及び/又は該ポリイミド前駆体のイミド化物であるポリイミドの重合体を含有し、前記ジアミン成分は、光反応性側鎖を有するジアミン、及び下記式[1]の構造を有する二側鎖ジアミンから選択される少なくとも1種を含有することを特徴とする液晶配向剤。
(式[1]中、Xは、単結合、-O-、-C(CH 3 ) 2 -、-NH-、-CO-、-(CH 2 ) m -、-SO 2 -及びそれらの任意の組み合わせからなる2価の有機基を表す。mは1~8の整数である。2つのYは、それぞれ独立して、前記式[S1]~[S3]で表される少なくとも1つを表す。) - 前記ポリイミド前駆体のイミド化物であるポリイミドの重合体を含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記ジアミン成分は、前記式[S1]で表される側鎖構造を有するジアミンを含有することを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記式[S1]で表される側鎖構造は、下記式[S1-x1]~[S1-x6]で表される群からなる少なくとも1つであることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤。
(式[S1-x1]~[S1-x6]中、R1は、前記式[S1]の場合と同様である。Xpは、-(CH2)a-(aは1~15の整数である)、-CONH-、-NHCO-、-CON(CH3)-、-NH-、-O-、-CH2O-、-COO-又は-OCO-を表す。A1は、酸素原子又は-COO-*(「*」を付した結合手が(CH2)a2と結合する)を表す。A2は、酸素原子又は*-COO-(「*」を付した結合手が(CH2)a2と結合する)を表す。a1は0又は1の整数であり、a2は2~10の整数である。Cyは1,4-シクロへキシレン基又は1,4-フェニレン基を表す。) - 前記式[S2]で表される側鎖構造を有するジアミンにおけるR2は、炭素数3~20のアルキル又は炭素数2~20のアルコキシアルキルであることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記テトラカルボン酸成分は、脂肪族テトラカルボン酸二無水物、又は脂環式テトラカルボン酸二無水物であることを特徴とする請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤を用いて形成されてなることを特徴とする液晶配向膜。
- 請求項10に記載の液晶配向膜を具備することを特徴とする液晶表示素子。
- 請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤を基板上に塗布して塗膜を形成する工程と、
前記塗膜を焼成する工程と、
焼成して得られた膜を配向処理する工程と、
を有することを特徴とする液晶配向膜の製造方法。
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