JP6666598B2 - 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6666598B2 JP6666598B2 JP2017503719A JP2017503719A JP6666598B2 JP 6666598 B2 JP6666598 B2 JP 6666598B2 JP 2017503719 A JP2017503719 A JP 2017503719A JP 2017503719 A JP2017503719 A JP 2017503719A JP 6666598 B2 JP6666598 B2 JP 6666598B2
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- SXJVFQLYZSNZBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane-1,9-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCCCCN SXJVFQLYZSNZBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007645 offset printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- UFOIOXZLTXNHQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane-2,3,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1OC(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)C1C(O)=O UFOIOXZLTXNHQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoplatinum Chemical compound [Pt]=O MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVDOBFPYBSDRKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound C=12C3=CC=C(C(O)=O)C2=C(C(O)=O)C=CC=1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C2=C1C3=CC=C2C(=O)O FVDOBFPYBSDRKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011907 photodimerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910003446 platinum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001230 polyarylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- ILVGAIQLOCKNQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)O ILVGAIQLOCKNQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940032159 propylene carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940116423 propylene glycol diacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- HDOUGSFASVGDCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-3-ylmethanamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CN=C1 HDOUGSFASVGDCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JREWFSHZWRKNBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2,3,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CN=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1C(O)=O JREWFSHZWRKNBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006798 ring closing metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MHSKRLJMQQNJNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N terephthalamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(N)=O)C=C1 MHSKRLJMQQNJNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000010023 transfer printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic anhydride Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYWIYKKSMDLRDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecan-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(C)=O KYWIYKKSMDLRDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLNPWTHGTVSSEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecane-1,11-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCCCCCCN KLNPWTHGTVSSEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVHPPQILUTTWCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecane-1,3,7,9-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound CCC(C(O)=O)CC(C(O)=O)CCCC(C(O)=O)CCC(O)=O FVHPPQILUTTWCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/56—Aligning agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
- C07D209/44—Iso-indoles; Hydrogenated iso-indoles
- C07D209/48—Iso-indoles; Hydrogenated iso-indoles with oxygen atoms in positions 1 and 3, e.g. phthalimide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1003—Preparatory processes
- C08G73/1007—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines
- C08G73/1025—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines polymerised by radiations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08L79/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/13378—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation
- G02F1/133784—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation by rubbing
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
- Other In-Based Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
- Indole Compounds (AREA)
Description
本発明の液晶配向剤に含有される特定重合体は、前記式(I)に示す有機基を側鎖に有する。この有機基が紫外線照射により励起し、ラジカルを発生させる、或いは、他の有機基が発生させたラジカルを連鎖移動させる機能を有すると考えられ、目的とする効果を達成することができる。
本発明の液晶配向剤に含有される重合体は、上記式(I)で表される側鎖以外に、液晶を垂直に配向させる側鎖を有するのが好ましい。液晶を垂直に配向させる側鎖は、下記式(III−1)又は式(III−2)で表される。
本発明の液晶配向剤に含有される重合体は、上記式(I)で表される側鎖以外に、光反応性の側鎖を有していてもよい。光反応性の側鎖は、紫外線(UV)等の光の照射によって反応し、共有結合を形成し得る官能基(以下、光反応性基ともいう。)を有する。
また、式[IV]中、R9の任意の−CH2−を置き換える二価の炭素環若しくは複素環は、具体的には以下のものが例示される。
特定側鎖を有するポリイミド前駆体及び該ポリイミド前駆体をイミド化したポリイミドを製造する方法は特に限定されない。例えば、特定側鎖を有するジアミンとテトラカルボン酸二無水物を重合させる方法、特定側鎖を有するジアミンとテトラカルボン酸ジエステルを重合させる方法、特定側鎖を含有するテトラカルボン酸二無水物とジアミン化合物を重合させる方法、テトラカルボン酸二無水物とジアミンを重合させた後に、特定側鎖を含有する化合物を何らかの反応により重合体に修飾させる方法などが挙げられる。なかでも、製造の容易性の観点より、特定側鎖を含有するジアミン化合物とテトラカルボン酸二無水物、又はテトラカルボン酸ジエステルを重合させる方法が好ましい。
本発明の液晶配向剤を形成する上記の重合体の製造に使用されるジアミン(以下、特定ジアミンともいう。)は、紫外線照射により励起しラジカルが発生または他の部位で発生したラジカルを連鎖移動させる機能を有する部位を側鎖として有することを特徴とする。
本発明において、特定ジアミンは、各ステップを経てジニトロ体、或いは、還元工程で除去可能な保護基を施したアミノ基を有するモノニトロ体、或いは、ジアミンを合成し、通常用いる還元反応にてニトロ基をアミノ基に変換あるいは保護基を脱保護することにより得ることができる。
液晶を垂直に配向させる側鎖をポリイミド系重合体に導入する方法は、特定側鎖構造を有するジアミンをジアミン成分の一部に用いることが好ましい。
光反応性を有する側鎖をポリイミド系重合体に導入する方法は、特定側鎖構造を有するジアミンをジアミン成分の一部に用いることが好ましい。光反応性の側鎖を有するジアミンとしては、式[VIII]、又は式[IX]で表される側鎖を有するジアミンである。
なお、ポリイミド前駆体及び/又は、ポリイミドを製造する場合、本発明の効果を損わない限りにおいて、上記したジアミン以外のその他のジアミンをジアミン成分として併用することができる。具体的には、例えば、p−フェニレンジアミン、2,3,5,6−テトラメチル−p−フェニレンジアミン、2,5−ジメチル−p−フェニレンジアミン、m−フェニレンジアミン、2,4−ジメチル−m−フェニレンジアミン、2,5−ジアミノトルエン、2,6−ジアミノトルエン、2,5−ジアミノフェノール、2,4−ジアミノフェノール、3,5−ジアミノフェノール、3,5−ジアミノベンジルアルコール、2,4−ジアミノベンジルアルコール、4,6−ジアミノレゾルシノール、4,4’−ジアミノビフェニル、3,3’−ジメチル−4,4’−ジアミノビフェニル、3,3’−ジメトキシ−4,4’−ジアミノビフェニル、3,3’−ジヒドロキシ−4,4’−ジアミノビフェニル、3,3’−ジカルボキシ−4,4’−ジアミノビフェニル、3,3’−ジフルオロ−4,4’−ビフェニル、3,3’−トリフルオロメチル−4,4’−ジアミノビフェニル、3,4’−ジアミノビフェニル、3,3’−ジアミノビフェニル、2,2’−ジアミノビフェニル、2,3’−ジアミノビフェニル、4,4’−ジアミノジフェニルメタン、3,3’−ジアミノジフェニルメタン、3,4’−ジアミノジフェニルメタン、2,2’−ジアミノジフェニルメタン、2,3’−ジアミノジフェニルメタン、4,4’−ジアミノジフェニルエーテル、3,3’−ジアミノジフェニルエーテル、3,4’−ジアミノジフェニルエーテル、2,2’−ジアミノジフェニルエーテル、2,3’−ジアミノジフェニルエーテル、4,4’−スルホニルジアニリン、3,3’−スルホニルジアニリン、ビス(4−アミノフェニル)シラン、ビス(3−アミノフェニル)シラン、ジメチル−ビス(4−アミノフェニル)シラン、ジメチル−ビス(3−アミノフェニル)シラン、4,4’−チオジアニリン、3,3’−チオジアニリン、4,4’−ジアミノジフェニルアミン、3,3’−ジアミノジフェニルアミン、3,4’−ジアミノジフェニルアミン、2,2’−ジアミノジフェニルアミン、2,3’−ジアミノジフェニルアミン、N−メチル(4,4’−ジアミノジフェニル)アミン、N−メチル(3,3’−ジアミノジフェニル)アミン、N−メチル(3,4’−ジアミノジフェニル)アミン、N−メチル(2,2’−ジアミノジフェニル)アミン、N−メチル(2,3’−ジアミノジフェニル)アミン、4,4’−ジアミノベンゾフェノン、3,3’−ジアミノベンゾフェノン、3,4’−ジアミノベンゾフェノン、1,4−ジアミノナフタレン、2,2’−ジアミノベンゾフェノン、2,3’−ジアミノベンゾフェノン、1,5−ジアミノナフタレン、1,6−ジアミノナフタレン、1,7−ジアミノナフタレン、1,8−ジアミノナフタレン、2,5−ジアミノナフタレン、2,6−ジアミノナフタレン、2,7−ジアミノナフタレン、2,8−ジアミノナフタレン、1,2−ビス(4−アミノフェニル)エタン、1,2−ビス(3−アミノフェニル)エタン、1,3−ビス(4−アミノフェニル)プロパン、1,3−ビス(3−アミノフェニル)プロパン、1,4−ビス(4−アミノフェニル)ブタン、1,4−ビス(3−アミノフェニル)ブタン、ビス(3,5−ジエチル−4−アミノフェニル)メタン、1,4−ビス(4−アミノフェノキシ)ベンゼン、1,3−ビス(4−アミノフェノキシ)ベンゼン、1,4−ビス(4−アミノフェニル)ベンゼン、1,3−ビス(4−アミノフェニル)ベンゼン、1,4−ビス(4−アミノベンジル)ベンゼン、1,3−ビス(4−アミノフェノキシ)ベンゼン、4,4’−[1,4−フェニレンビス(メチレン)]ジアニリン、4,4’−[1,3−フェニレンビス(メチレン)]ジアニリン、3,4’−[1,4−フェニレンビス(メチレン)]ジアニリン、3,4’−[1,3−フェニレンビス(メチレン)]ジアニリン、3,3’−[1,4−フェニレンビス(メチレン)]ジアニリン、3,3’−[1,3−フェニレンビス(メチレン)]ジアニリン、1,4−フェニレンビス[(4−アミノフェニル)メタノン]、1,4−フェニレンビス[(3−アミノフェニル)メタノン]、1,3−フェニレンビス[(4−アミノフェニル)メタノン]、1,3−フェニレンビス[(3−アミノフェニル)メタノン]、1,4−フェニレンビス(4−アミノベンゾエート)、1,4−フェニレンビス(3−アミノベンゾエート)、1,3−フェニレンビス(4−アミノベンゾエート)、1,3−フェニレンビス(3−アミノベンゾエート)、ビス(4−アミノフェニル)テレフタレート、ビス(3−アミノフェニル)テレフタレート、ビス(4−アミノフェニル)イソフタレート、ビス(3−アミノフェニル)イソフタレート、N,N’−(1,4−フェニレン)ビス(4−アミノベンズアミド)、N,N’−(1,3−フェニレン)ビス(4−アミノベンズアミド)、N,N’−(1,4−フェニレン)ビス(3−アミノベンズアミド)、N,N’−(1,3−フェニレン)ビス(3−アミノベンズアミド)、N,N’−ビス(4−アミノフェニル)テレフタルアミド、N,N’−ビス(3−アミノフェニル)テレフタルアミド、N,N’−ビス(4−アミノフェニル)イソフタルアミド、N,N’−ビス(3−アミノフェニル)イソフタルアミド、9,10−ビス(4−アミノフェニル)アントラセン、4,4’−ビス(4−アミノフェノキシ)ジフェニルスルホン、2,2’−ビス[4−(4−アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]プロパン、2,2’−ビス[4−(4−アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]ヘキサフルオロプロパン、2,2’−ビス(4−アミノフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、2,2’−ビス(3−アミノフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、2,2’−ビス(3−アミノ−4−メチルフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、2,2’−ビス(4−アミノフェニル)プロパン、2,2’−ビス(3−アミノフェニル)プロパン、2,2’−ビス(3−アミノ−4−メチルフェニル)プロパン、3,5−ジアミノ安息香酸、2,5−ジアミノ安息香酸、1,3−ビス(4−アミノフェノキシ)プロパン、1,3−ビス(3−アミノフェノキシ)プロパン、1,4−ビス(4−アミノフェノキシ)ブタン、1,4−ビス(3−アミノフェノキシ)ブタン、1,5−ビス(4−アミノフェノキシ)ペンタン、1,5−ビス(3−アミノフェノキシ)ペンタン、1,6−ビス(4−アミノフェノキシ)へキサン、1,6−ビス(3−アミノフェノキシ)へキサン、1,7−ビス(4−アミノフェノキシ)ヘプタン、1,7−(3−アミノフェノキシ)ヘプタン、1,8−ビス(4−アミノフェノキシ)オクタン、1,8−ビス(3−アミノフェノキシ)オクタン、1,9−ビス(4−アミノフェノキシ)ノナン、1,9−ビス(3−アミノフェノキシ)ノナン、1,10−(4−アミノフェノキシ)デカン、1,10−(3−アミノフェノキシ)デカン、1,11−(4−アミノフェノキシ)ウンデカン、1,11−(3−アミノフェノキシ)ウンデカン、1,12−(4−アミノフェノキシ)ドデカン、1,12−(3−アミノフェノキシ)ドデカンなどの芳香族ジアミン、ビス(4−アミノシクロヘキシル)メタン、ビス(4−アミノ−3−メチルシクロヘキシル)メタンなどの脂環式ジアミン、1,3−ジアミノプロパン、1,4−ジアミノブタン、1,5−ジアミノペンタン、1,6−ジアミノへキサン、1,7−ジアミノヘプタン、1,8−ジアミノオクタン、1,9−ジアミノノナン、1,10−ジアミノデカン、1,11−ジアミノウンデカン、1,12−ジアミノドデカンなどの脂肪族ジアミンが挙げられる。
上記のジアミン成分と反応させるテトラカルボン酸二無水物成分は特に限定されない。具体的には、ピロメリット酸、2,3,6,7−ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸、1,2,5,6−ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸、1,4,5,8−ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸、2,3,6,7−アントラセンテトラカルボン酸、1,2,5,6−アントラセンテトラカルボン酸、3,3’,4,4’−ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸、2,3,3’,4−ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸、ビス(3,4−ジカルボキシフェニル)エーテル、3,3’,4,4’−ベンゾフェノンテトラカルボン酸、ビス(3,4−ジカルボキシフェニル)スルホン、ビス(3,4−ジカルボキシフェニル)メタン、2,2−ビス(3,4−ジカルボキシフェニル)プロパン、1,1,1,3,3,3−ヘキサフルオロ−2,2−ビス(3,4−ジカルボキシフェニル)プロパン、ビス(3,4−ジカルボキシフェニル)ジメチルシラン、ビス(3,4−ジカルボキシフェニル)ジフェニルシラン、2,3,4,5−ピリジンテトラカルボン酸、2,6−ビス(3,4−ジカルボキシフェニル)ピリジン、3,3’,4,4’−ジフェニルスルホンテトラカルボン酸、3,4,9,10−ペリレンテトラカルボン酸、1,3−ジフェニル−1,2,3,4−シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸、オキシジフタルテトラカルボン酸、1,2,3,4−シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸、1,2,3,4−シクロペンタンテトラカルボン酸、1,2,4,5−シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸、1,2,3,4−テトラメチル−1,2,3,4−シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸、1,2−ジメチル−1,2,3,4−シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸、1,3−ジメチル−1,2,3,4−シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸、1,2,3,4−シクロヘプタンテトラカルボン酸、2,3,4,5−テトラヒドロフランテトラカルボン酸、3,4−ジカルボキシ−1−シクロへキシルコハク酸、2,3,5−トリカルボキシシクロペンチル酢酸、3,4−ジカルボキシ−1,2,3,4−テトラヒドロ−1−ナフタレンコハク酸、ビシクロ[3,3,0]オクタン−2,4,6,8−テトラカルボン酸、ビシクロ[4,3,0]ノナン−2,4,7,9−テトラカルボン酸、ビシクロ[4,4,0]デカン−2,4,7,9−テトラカルボン酸、ビシクロ[4,4,0]デカン−2,4,8,10−テトラカルボン酸、トリシクロ[6.3.0.0<2,6>]ウンデカン−3,5,9,11−テトラカルボン酸、1,2,3,4−ブタンテトラカルボン酸、4−(2,5−ジオキソテトラヒドロフラン−3−イル)−1,2,3,4−テトラヒドリナフタレン−1,2−ジカルボン酸、ビシクロ[2,2,2]オクト−7−エン−2,3,5,6−テトラカルボン酸、5−(2,5−ジオキソテトラヒドロフリル)−3−メチル−3−シクロへキサン−1,2−ジカルボン酸、テトラシクロ[6,2,1,1,0,2,7]ドデカ−4,5,9,10−テトラカルボン酸、3,5,6−トリカルボキシノルボルナン−2:3,5:6ジカルボン酸、1,2,4,5−シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸等が挙げられる。勿論、テトラカルボン酸二無水物も、液晶配向膜にした際の液晶配向性、電圧保持特性、蓄積電荷などの特性に応じて、1種類又は2種類以上併用してもよい。
本発明の液晶配向剤には、必要に応じ、2つ以上の末端に光重合又は光架橋する基を有する重合性化合物を含有しても良い。かかる重合性化合物は、光重合又は光架橋する基を有する末端を二つ以上持っている化合物である。ここで、光重合する基を有する重合性化合物とは、光を照射することにより重合を生じさせる官能基を有する化合物である。また、光架橋する基を有する化合物とは、光を照射することにより、重合性化合物の重合体や、ポリイミド前駆体、及び、このポリイミド前駆体をイミド化して得られるポリイミドから選択される少なくとも一種の重合体と反応してこれらと架橋することができる官能基を有する化合物である。なお、光架橋する基を有する化合物は、光架橋する基を有する化合物同士でも反応する。
ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸二無水物との反応により、ポリアミック酸を得るにあたっては、公知の合成手法を用いることができる。一般的には、ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸二無水物成分とを有機溶媒中で反応させる方法である。ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸二無水物との反応は、有機溶媒中で比較的容易に進行し、かつ副生成物が発生しない点で有利である。
本発明の剤は上記式(I)で表される構造を側鎖に有する少なくとも1つの重合体を含有するが、かかる重合体の含有量は1〜20質量%が好ましく、より好ましくは3〜15質量%、特に好ましくは3〜10質量%である。また、2つ以上の末端に光重合又は光架橋する基をそれぞれ有する重合性化合物を含有する場合、その含有量は、上記重合体100質量部に対して、1〜50質量部が好ましく、さらに好ましくは5〜30質量部である。
本発明の液晶表示素子は、上記の方法により、基板に液晶配向膜を形成した後、公知の方法で液晶セルを作製できる。液晶表示素子の具体例としては、対向するように配置された2枚の基板と、基板間に設けられた液晶層と、基板と液晶層との間に設けられ本発明の液晶配向剤により形成された上記液晶配向膜とを有する液晶セルを具備する垂直配向方式の液晶表示素子である。具体的には、本発明の液晶配向剤を2枚の基板上に塗布して焼成することにより液晶配向膜を形成し、この液晶配向膜が対向するように2枚の基板を配置し、この2枚の基板の間に液晶で構成された液晶層を挟持し、すなわち、液晶配向膜に接触させて液晶層を設け、液晶配向膜及び液晶層に電圧を印加しながら紫外線を照射することで作製される液晶セルを具備する垂直配向方式の液晶表示素子である。
(合成例1)2−(2−(2,4−ジアミノフェノキシ)エチル)−4,5,6,7−テトラヒドロ−1H−イソインドール−1,3−(2H)−ジオンの合成
500ml四口フラスコに撹拌子、窒素導入管、還流管を取り付け、2,4−ジニトロフルオロベンゼン(50.0g:268.73mmol)、2−ブロモエタノール(41.7g:322.4mmol)を測り取り、THF300gとトリエチルアミン(32.6g:322.4mmol)を加え、窒素雰囲気下60℃にて24時間反応させた。
500ml四口フラスコに撹拌子、窒素導入管、還流管を取り付け、第1工程にて得られた2−(2,4−ジニトロフェノキシ)ブロモエタン(50.0g:171.8mmol)、フタルイミドカリウム(31.8g:171.8mmol)を測り取り、DMF300mlを加え、窒素雰囲気下80℃にて3時間反応させた。
1000ml四口フラスコに三方コック、撹拌子を取り付け、第2工程で得られたジニトロ体(50.0g:140.0mmol)、10%パラジウムカーボンを5.0g測り取り、THFを500g加え、数回窒素置換を行い、更に水素ガス雰囲気にし、60℃にて24時間反応させた。
300mlの四口フラスコに撹拌子、窒素導入管、ディーン・スターク装置を設置し、ナフタレン−1,8−ジカルボン酸無水物(25.0g:126.2mmol)を測り取り、トルエンを200g加え、次に2−エタノールアミン(7.7g:126.2mmol)をゆっくり加え30分撹拌した後、ピリジン(5.0g:63.1mmol)を加え、20時間反応させた。
300ml四口フラスコに撹拌子、窒素導入管、還流管を取り付け、2,4−ジニトロフルオロベンゼン(11.6g:62.2mmol)と第1工程にて得た2−(2−ヒドロキシエチル)−1H−ベンゾイソキノリン−1,3(2H)−ジオン(15.0g:62.2mmol)を測り取り、THF200gにて溶解させ、トリエチルアミン(9.4g:93.3mmol)を加え、窒素雰囲気下で24時間還流させた。反応が進むに従い固体が析出してくる。原料消失を確認後、反応溶液をろ過することにより祖物固体を回収し、祖物固体をメタノール300mlにて加熱洗浄を行い、真空乾燥させることにより目的物として黄色固体22.3g(88.0%)を得た。
500mL四口フラスコに三方コック、撹拌子を取り付け、第2工程で得られたジニトロ体(20.0g:49.1mmol)、10%パラジウムカーボンを2.0g測り取り、DMFを300g加え、数回窒素置換を行い、更に水素ガス雰囲気にし、室温にて24時間反応させた。
以下における略号は以下のとおりである。
BODA:ビシクロ[3,3,0]オクタン−2,4,6,8−テトラカルボン酸二無水物
CBDA:1,2,3,4−シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物
PMDA:ピロメリット酸無水物
TCA:2,3,5−トリカルボキシシクロペンチル酢酸−1,4,2,3−二無水物
p−PDA:p−フェニレンジアミン
DBA:3,5−ジアミノ安息香酸
3AMPDA:3,5−ジアミノ−N−(ピリジン−3−イルメチル)ベンズアミド
4DABP:下記に示すベンゾフェノン骨格を有するジアミン
BABP:下記に示すベンゾフェノン骨格を有するジアミン
NMP:N−メチル−2−ピロリドン
BCS:ブチルセロソルブ
3AMP:3−ピコリルアミン
下記式RM1、RM2で表される重合性化合物
装置:センシュー科学社製 常温ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)装置(SSC−7200)、
カラム:Shodex社製カラム(KD−803、KD−805)
カラム温度:50℃
溶離液:N,N’−ジメチルホルムアミド(添加剤として、臭化リチウム−水和物(LiBr・H2O)が30mmol/L、リン酸・無水結晶(o−リン酸)が30mmol/L、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)が10ml/L)
流速:1.0ml/分
検量線作成用標準サンプル:東ソー社製 TSK 標準ポリエチレンオキサイド(分子量約9000,000、150,000、100,000、30,000)、及び、ポリマーラボラトリー社製 ポリエチレングリコール(分子量 約12,000、4,000、1,000)。
ポリイミド粉末20mgをNMRサンプル管(草野科学社製 NMRサンプリングチューブスタンダード φ5)に入れ、重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO−d6、0.05%TMS混合品)1.0mlを添加し、超音波をかけて完全に溶解させた。この溶液を日本電子データム社製NMR測定器(JNW−ECA500)にて500MHzのプロトンNMRを測定した。イミド化率は、イミド化前後で変化しない構造に由来するプロトンを基準プロトンとして決め、このプロトンのピーク積算値と、9.5〜10.0ppm付近に現れるアミック酸のNH基に由来するプロトンピーク積算値とを用い以下の式によって求めた。なお下記式において、xはアミック酸のNH基由来のプロトンピーク積算値、yは基準プロトンのピーク積算値、αはポリアミック酸(イミド化率が0%)の場合におけるアミック酸のNH基のプロトン1個に対する基準プロトンの個数割合である。
BODA(4.50g、18.0mmol)、p−PDA(0.97、9mmol)、DA−1(2.71g、9mmol)、DA-6(4.57g、12.0mmol)をNMP(51.0g)中に溶解し、60℃で4時間反応させた後、CBDA(2.31g、11.8mmol)とNMP(9.3g)を加え、40℃で10時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液を得た。
BODA(4.50g、18.0mmol)、p−PDA(0.97、9mmol)、DA−2(2.68g、9mmol)、DA-6(4.57g、12.0mmol)をNMP(51.3g)中に溶解し、60℃で4時間反応させた後、CBDA(2.31g、11.8mmol)とNMP(8.8g)を加え、40℃で10時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液を得た。
BODA(4.50g、18.0mmol)、p−PDA(0.97、9mmol)、DA−3(3.13g、9mmol)、DA-6(4.57g、12.0mmol)をNMP(52.6g)中に溶解し、60℃で4時間反応させた後、CBDA(2.31g、11.8mmol)とNMP(9.3g)を加え、40℃で10時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液を得た。
BODA(1.5g、6mmol)、DBA(1.83、12mmol)、3AMPDA(2.18g、9mmol)、DA-6(3.43g、9mmol)をNMP(35.7g)中に溶解し、60℃で4時間反応させた後、CBD(3.46g、17.6mmol)とNMP(10.0g)を加え、40℃で2時間反応させた。その後、PMDA(1.31g、0.06mmol)とNMP(9.1g)を加え、室温で10時間撹拌させポリアミック酸溶液を得た。
TCA(3.4g、15.0mmol)、3AMPDA(2.54g、10.5mmol)、DA-2(3.57g、12.0mmol)、DA-8(3.92g、7.5mmol)をNMP(56.4g)中で溶解し、80℃で5時間反応させたのち、CBDA(2.89g、14.8mmol)とNMP(8.8g)を加え、40℃で10時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液を得た。
BODA(2.0g、8.0mmol)、DA−5(1.6g、6.0mmol)、DA-2(2.4g、8.0mmol)、DA-7(2.6g、6.0mmol)をNMP(34.3g)中で溶解し、60℃で3時間反応させたのち、CBDA(2.3g、11.8mmol)とNMP(9.3g)を加え、室温で10時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液を得た。
BODA(3.5g、12.0mmol)、3AMPDA(1.2、5.0mmol)、DA−2(2.4g、8.0mmol)、DA-9(2.8g、7.0mmol)をNMP(37.6g)中に溶解し、60℃で4時間反応させた後、CBDA(3.0g、7.7mmol)とNMP(5.9g)を加え、40℃で10時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液を得た。
BODA(4.50g、18.0mmol)、p−PDA(1.95、18mmol)、DA-6(4.57g、12.0mmol)をNMP(44.0g)中に溶解し、40℃で3時間反応させた後、CBDA(2.28g、11.6mmol)とNMP(9.3g)を加え、40℃で10時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液を得た。
BODA(4.50g、18.0mmol)、p−PDA(0.97、9mmol)、DA−4(2.97、9mmol)、DA-6(4.57g、12.0mmol)をNMP(50.8g)中に溶解し、60℃で4時間反応させた後、CBDA(2.31g、11.8mmol)とNMP(10.5g)を加え、40℃で10時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液を得た。
BODA(3.5g、12.0mmol)、p−PDA(0.6g、6.0mmol)、4DABP(1.3g、6.0mmol)、DA−6(3.0g、8.0mmol)をNMP(32.0g)中に溶解し、60℃で4時間反応させた後、CBDA(1.5g、7.7mmol)とNMP(6.0g)を加え、40℃で10時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液を得た。
BODA(3.0g、12.0mmol)、p−PDA(0.7g、6.0mmol)、BABP(2.4g、6.0mmol)、DA−6(3.0g、8.0mmol)をNMP(32.0g)中に溶解し、60℃で4時間反応させた後、CBDA(1.5g、7.7mmol)とNMP(6.0g)を加え、40℃で10時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液を得た。
(実施例8)
実施例1で得られた液晶配向剤(A1)を用いて下記に示すような手順で液晶セルの作製を行った。実施例1で得られた液晶配向剤(A1)を、画素サイズが100μm×300μmでライン/スペースがそれぞれ5μmのITO電極パターンが形成されているITO電極基板のITO面にスピンコートし、80℃のホットプレートで90秒間乾燥した後、200℃の熱風循環式オーブンで30分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの液晶配向膜を形成した。
まず、バックライト、クロスニコルの状態にした一組の偏光版、光量検出器の順で構成される測定装置において、一組の偏光版の間に液晶セルを配置した。このときライン/スペースが形成されているITO電極のパターンがクロスニコルに対して45°の角度になるようにした。そして、上記の液晶セルに電圧±6V、周波数1kHzの矩形波を印加し、光量検出器によって観測される輝度が飽和するまでの変化をオシロスコープにて取り込み、電圧を印加していない時の輝度を0%、±4Vの電圧を印加し、飽和した輝度の値を100%として、輝度が10%から90%まで変化するのにかかる時間を応答速度とした。
名菱テクニカ社製LCDアナライザーLCA-LUV42Aを使用した。
液晶配向剤(A1)の代わりに、それぞれ、表1に示される液晶配向剤を用いた以外は実施例8と同様の操作を行って、UV照射前後での応答速度、及びプレチルト角の測定を行なった。これらの結果を表1にまとめて示す。
(実施例15)
実施例2で得られた液晶配向剤(B2)を用いて下記に示すような手順で液晶セルの作製を行った。実施例1で得られた液晶配向剤(B2)を、画素サイズが100μm×300μmでライン/スペースがそれぞれ5μmのITO電極パターンが形成されているITO電極基板のITO面にスピンコートし、80℃のホットプレートで90秒間乾燥した後、200℃の熱風循環式オーブンで30分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの液晶配向膜を形成した。
液晶配向剤(B2)の代わりに、それぞれ、表1に示される液晶配向剤を用いた以外は実施例8と同様の操作を行って、UV照射前後での応答速度、及びプレチルト角の測定を行なった。これらの結果を表2にまとめて示す。
(実施例19)
実施例1で得られた液晶配向剤(A1)を用いて、上記に示す手法により、液晶セル外から365nmのバンドパスフィルターを用いてUVを15J照射して作成した液晶セルに、UV蛍光ランプを30分照射することにより、液晶セル中に残存するRMを十分反応させた後、60℃の温度下で1Vの電圧を60μs印加し、1667ms後の電圧を測定することで、電圧がどのくらい保持できているかを電圧保持率として計算した。これらの結果を表3に示す。
液晶配向剤(A1)の代わりに、それぞれ、表3に示される液晶配向剤を用いた以外は実施例19と同様の操作を行って、電圧保持率の測定を行なった。これらの結果を表3にまとめて示す。
Claims (17)
- 下記式(I)で表される側鎖構造を有する重合体を含有することを特徴とする液晶配向剤。
- 前記式(I)で表される側鎖構造を有する重合体が、前記式(I)で表される側鎖構造を有するポリイミド前駆体及びそれをイミド化して得られるポリイミドからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの重合体である請求項1に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記式(II)中のnが1〜6の整数であり、Xが−O−を表し、Cyがシクロヘキセン、ベンゼン、ナフタレン、ビフェニレンである請求項3又は請求項4に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 上記重合体が、液晶を垂直に配向させる側鎖を更に有する請求項1から請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 上記液晶を垂直に配向させる側鎖が、下記式(III−1)及び(III−2)から選ばれる少なくとも1つである請求項6に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 上記重合体が、光反応性基を構造中に含む側鎖を更に有する請求項1から請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 上記光反応性基を構造中に含む側鎖が、下記(IV)又は式(V)で表される請求項8に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 上記式(IV)で表されるジアミンが、全ジアミン成分の10モル%〜80モル%である請求項10から請求項12のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 液晶配向剤が、液晶中及び/又は液晶配向膜中に重合性化合物が含有し、電圧を印加しながら紫外線照射により上記重合性化合物が反応させて得られる液晶表示素子用である請求項1から請求項13のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 請求項1から請求項14のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤から得られる液晶配向膜。
- 請求項15に記載の液晶配向膜を具備する液晶表示素子。
- 液晶表示素子が、電圧を印加しながら紫外線照射により上記重合性化合物が反応させて得られる請求項16に記載の液晶表示素子。
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