WO2020067370A1 - Électrolyte non aqueux, élément de stockage d'électrolyte non aqueux, procédé de fabrication d'élément de stockage d'électrolyte non aqueux, et procédé d'utilisation d'un élément de stockage d'électrolyte non aqueux - Google Patents

Électrolyte non aqueux, élément de stockage d'électrolyte non aqueux, procédé de fabrication d'élément de stockage d'électrolyte non aqueux, et procédé d'utilisation d'un élément de stockage d'électrolyte non aqueux Download PDF

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WO2020067370A1
WO2020067370A1 PCT/JP2019/038024 JP2019038024W WO2020067370A1 WO 2020067370 A1 WO2020067370 A1 WO 2020067370A1 JP 2019038024 W JP2019038024 W JP 2019038024W WO 2020067370 A1 WO2020067370 A1 WO 2020067370A1
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aqueous electrolyte
group
storage element
aqueous
fluorinated
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Japanese (ja)
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顕 岸本
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株式会社Gsユアサ
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/54Electrolytes
    • H01G11/58Liquid electrolytes
    • H01G11/60Liquid electrolytes characterised by the solvent
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/84Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0567Liquid materials characterised by the additives
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0569Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte, a non-aqueous electrolyte storage element, a method for manufacturing a non-aqueous electrolyte storage element, and a method for using the non-aqueous electrolyte storage element.
  • Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries represented by lithium ion secondary batteries are widely used in electronic devices such as personal computers and communication terminals, automobiles, etc. due to their high energy density.
  • the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery generally has a pair of electrodes electrically isolated by a separator, and a nonaqueous electrolyte interposed between the electrodes, and transfers ions between the two electrodes. It is configured to be charged and discharged by this.
  • capacitors such as a lithium ion capacitor and an electric double layer capacitor have been widely used.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses “4-fluoroethylene carbonate (4-FEC), propylene carbonate (PC), and CF 3 CH that is a fluorinated chain carboxylic acid ester.
  • a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using a mixed solvent obtained by mixing 2 COOCH 3 at a volume ratio of 20: 5: 75 (paragraph 0063, Example 7).
  • Patent Literature 1 also states that “in the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery of Example 7, the capacity remaining rate and the capacity recovery rate after storage were further improved” (paragraph 0077). .
  • Patent Document 2 JP-A-2017-168375 discloses a non-aqueous electrolyte for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery containing a non-aqueous solvent and an electrolyte salt, wherein the non-aqueous solvent is 4-fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and methyl 3,3,3-trifluoropropionate (FMP), and further comprising a borate ester.
  • BTR triethanolamine borate
  • Patent Document 3 discloses at least one selected from the group consisting of “fluorinated acyclic carboxylate”, “fluorinated acyclic carbonate”, and “fluorinated acyclic ether”.
  • An electrolyte comprising: one fluorinated solvent; at least one cosolvent selected from the group consisting of ethylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, and propylene carbonate; a film-forming compound; and an electrolyte salt A composition is described (Claim 1).
  • Patent Document 3 discloses “70% by weight of DFEA / 30% by weight of EC solvent ratio / 1M of LiPF 6 2% by weight of FEC, 2% by weight of LiBOB, 96% by weight of a cosolvent and LiPF 6 ”.
  • the battery used is described (paragraph 0201, Example 51).
  • DFEA is “2,2-difluoroethyl acetate”, and its composition formula is described as “CH 3 —COO—CH 2 CF 2 H” (paragraphs 0085 and 0024).
  • Patent Literature 4 discloses that "2,2-difluoroethyl acetate and ... fluoroethylene carbonate are combined .... A 1 M concentration electrolyte composition is prepared. Electrolyte composition B with sufficient LiPF 6 added to form lithium-bis (oxalato) borate to form electrolyte composition C "(paragraphs 0056 and 0057).
  • a power storage element using a non-aqueous electrolyte described in Patent Document 1 has a high voltage (for example, 4.4 V (vs. Li / Li + as a positive electrode potential at the end of charging) under a high temperature environment (for example, 45 ° C.). )) Shows a high discharge capacity retention ratio even when stored.
  • a high voltage for example, 4.4 V (vs. Li / Li + as a positive electrode potential at the end of charging
  • a high temperature environment for example, 45 ° C.
  • the present invention has been made based on the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte having excellent charge / discharge cycle performance in a low-temperature environment, and a non-aqueous electrolyte storage device including such a non-aqueous electrolyte.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a device and a method for manufacturing the same.
  • One embodiment of the present invention made to solve the above problem includes a non-aqueous solvent, an electrolyte salt, and an anion in which a dicarboxylate group is bonded to a boron atom, and the non-aqueous solvent has a fluorinated cyclic structure.
  • ⁇ ⁇ Another embodiment of the present invention is a nonaqueous electrolyte storage element including the nonaqueous electrolyte.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for manufacturing a nonaqueous electrolyte storage element including a step of placing the nonaqueous electrolyte in a nonaqueous electrolyte storage element container.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for using the nonaqueous electrolyte energy storage device in which the positive electrode potential at the end-of-charge voltage during normal use is 4.4 V (vs. Li / Li + ) or more.
  • a non-aqueous electrolyte having excellent charge-discharge cycle performance in a low-temperature environment a non-aqueous electrolyte storage element including such a non-aqueous electrolyte, a method for manufacturing a non-aqueous electrolyte storage element, and a non-aqueous electrolyte storage element A method of use can be provided.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a non-aqueous electrolyte storage element according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a power storage device including a plurality of nonaqueous electrolyte power storage elements according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the non-aqueous electrolyte contains a non-aqueous solvent, an electrolyte salt, and an anion in which a dicarboxylate group is bonded to a boron atom, and the non-aqueous solvent contains a fluorinated cyclic carbonate, and a group containing a trifluoromethyl group.
  • the non-aqueous electrolyte contains a non-aqueous solvent containing a fluorinated cyclic carbonate and a fluorinated carboxylate having a group containing a trifluoromethyl group, and an anion in which a dicarboxylate group is bonded to a boron atom.
  • Excellent charge / discharge cycle performance can be exhibited in a low temperature environment. The reason for this is not clear, but the following is presumed.
  • the fluorinated cyclic carbonate, the fluorinated carboxylate having a group containing a trifluoromethyl group, and the anion in which a dicarboxylate group is bonded to a boron atom are all decomposed on the negative electrode to form a coating.
  • the fluorinated cyclic carbonate and the anion in which the dicarboxylate group is bonded to the boron atom are decomposed first at a noble potential, and then the fluorinated carboxylate having a group containing a trifluoromethyl group is decomposed to form a coating.
  • an anion in which a dicarboxylate group is bonded to a boron atom is suitably adsorbed to a slight bias of electric charge on the negative electrode, and is decomposed to form a good coating.
  • a film containing a fluorine atom is formed thereon. That is, it is considered that the formation of a uniform film in which the boron atoms and the fluorine atoms are close to each other exhibits excellent charge / discharge cycle performance in a low-temperature environment.
  • the non-aqueous electrolyte exhibits a high capacity retention ratio even when stored in a high-temperature environment. That is, the non-aqueous electrolyte can exhibit excellent charge / discharge cycle performance under a low-temperature environment while maintaining high-temperature storage performance.
  • the non-aqueous electrolyte storage element is a non-aqueous electrolyte storage element including the above-described non-aqueous electrolyte (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “storage element”).
  • the storage element exhibits excellent charge / discharge cycle performance in a low-temperature environment.
  • the method for manufacturing a non-aqueous electrolyte storage element is a method for manufacturing a non-aqueous electrolyte storage element including the step of placing the above-described non-aqueous electrolyte in a container for a non-aqueous electrolyte storage element.
  • the manufacturing method it is possible to manufacture a non-aqueous electrolyte storage element having excellent charge / discharge cycle performance in a low-temperature environment.
  • the positive electrode potential at the charge end voltage in normal use is 4.4 V (vs. Li / Li + ) or more.
  • the non-aqueous electrolyte storage element has a high capacity retention rate after storage in a high-temperature environment, and thus is a storage element used under charging conditions in which the positive electrode potential at the charge end voltage during normal use is relatively high. In particular, this effect can be particularly sufficiently exhibited.
  • the normal use is a case where the nonaqueous electrolyte storage element is used by adopting the recommended or specified charging condition for the nonaqueous electrolyte storage element, and is used for the nonaqueous electrolyte storage element.
  • the non-aqueous electrolyte storage element is used by applying the charger.
  • the positive electrode potential is about 5.1 V (vs. Li / Li + ) when the charge end voltage is 5.0 V, depending on the design.
  • nonaqueous electrolyte the nonaqueous electrolyte storage element
  • the method for manufacturing the nonaqueous electrolyte storage element the method for using the nonaqueous electrolyte element according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
  • the non-aqueous electrolyte contains a non-aqueous solvent, an electrolyte salt, and an anion in which a dicarboxylate group is bonded to a boron atom (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “anion”).
  • anion in which a dicarboxylate group is bonded to a boron atom
  • the non-aqueous solvent includes a fluorinated cyclic carbonate and a fluorinated carboxylate having a group containing a trifluoromethyl group (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “fluorinated carboxylate”).
  • Fluorinated cyclic carbonate refers to a compound in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms of the cyclic carbonate have been replaced with fluorine atoms.
  • fluorinated cyclic carbonate examples include, for example, fluoroethylene carbonate (hereinafter, also referred to as “FEC”), difluoroethylene carbonate, trifluoroethylene carbonate, tetrafluoroethylene carbonate, (fluoromethyl) ethylene carbonate, (difluoromethyl) ethylene carbonate, (Trifluoromethyl) ethylene carbonate, bis (fluoromethyl) ethylene carbonate, bis (difluoromethyl) ethylene carbonate, bis (trifluoromethyl) ethylene carbonate, (fluoroethyl) ethylene carbonate, (difluoroethyl) ethylene carbonate, (trifluoro Ethyl) ethylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-4-methylethylene carbonate, 4,4-difluoro-5 Chill ethylene carbonate, 4,5-difluoro-4,5-dimethylethylene carbonate.
  • FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
  • difluoroethylene carbonate trifluoroethylene carbonate
  • fluorinated cyclic carbonate FEC is preferable.
  • FEC fluorinated cyclic carbonate
  • a stable film can be formed on the negative electrode particularly under a high voltage, and the charge / discharge cycle performance can be improved.
  • the above fluorinated cyclic carbonates can be used alone or in a combination of two or more.
  • the lower limit of the content of the fluorinated cyclic carbonate in the nonaqueous solvent is preferably 1% by volume, more preferably 3% by volume, and still more preferably 5% by volume.
  • the content ratio of the fluorinated cyclic carbonate is equal to or more than the lower limit, the capacity retention ratio of the storage element after storage in a high-temperature environment can be further increased.
  • the upper limit of the content ratio is, for example, preferably 50% by volume, more preferably 30% by volume, further preferably 20% by volume, and particularly preferably 15% by volume.
  • the fluorinated carboxylic acid ester is a fluorinated carboxylic acid ester having a group containing a trifluoromethyl group (—CF 3 ).
  • Examples of the group containing a trifluoromethyl group include, for example, a trifluoromethyl group itself, a group obtained by substituting a part or all of the hydrogen atoms of a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms with a trifluoromethyl group, or the like. No.
  • hydrocarbon group includes a chain hydrocarbon group and a branched chain hydrocarbon group.
  • Examples of the group obtained by substituting a part or all of the hydrogen atoms of the monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms with a trifluoromethyl group include, for example, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group, 3,3,3 -Trifluoropropyl group, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl group, 4,4,4-trifluorobutyl group, 2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutyl group And the like.
  • a 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group is preferable.
  • fluorinated carboxylic acid ester examples include a compound represented by the following formula (2).
  • R 4 and R 5 are each independently a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a monovalent fluorinated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. However, at least one of R 4 and R 5 is a group containing a trifluoromethyl group.
  • the “fluorinated hydrocarbon group” means a group in which part or all of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon group are substituted with fluorine atoms. Further, the “fluorinated hydrocarbon group” includes “a group containing a trifluoromethyl group”.
  • Examples of the monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, and t-butyl. And the like.
  • Examples of the monovalent fluorinated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms include a fluoromethyl group, a difluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, a 2-fluoroethyl group, a 2,2-difluoroethyl group, and a 3-fluoropropyl group.
  • FEA -2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acetate
  • FMP Methyl 3,3,3-trifluoropropionate
  • the lower limit of the content of the fluorinated carboxylic acid ester in the nonaqueous solvent is preferably 20% by volume, more preferably 30% by volume, and still more preferably 40% by volume.
  • the upper limit of the content ratio is preferably 95% by volume, and more preferably 90% by volume. When the content ratio is equal to or less than the upper limit, an increase in resistance can be suppressed.
  • the non-aqueous electrolyte may include a non-aqueous solvent other than the fluorinated cyclic carbonate and the fluorinated carboxylic acid ester.
  • a known non-aqueous solvent that is generally used as a non-aqueous solvent for a general non-aqueous electrolyte for a power storage element can be used.
  • Examples of the other non-aqueous solvent include cyclic carbonates other than the fluorinated cyclic carbonate (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “cyclic carbonate”), chain carbonate, fluorinated chain carbonate, ester, ether, amide, sulfone, lactone, Nitriles and the like can be mentioned.
  • cyclic carbonate or a chain carbonate is preferable, and it is more preferable to use a cyclic carbonate and a chain carbonate in combination.
  • cyclic carbonate examples include ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate (BC), vinylene carbonate (VC), vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC), styrene carbonate, 1-phenylvinylene carbonate, 1,2- Diphenylvinylene carbonate and the like.
  • the cyclic carbonate may be one in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms have been substituted with atoms or substituents other than fluorine atoms, but those which are not substituted are preferred.
  • EC, PC or BC is preferred, PC or BC is more preferred, and PC is even more preferred.
  • Examples of the chain carbonate include diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), and diphenyl carbonate.
  • the chain carbonate may be one in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms have been substituted with other atoms or substituents, but unsubstituted ones are preferred.
  • DEC, DMC or EMC is preferable, and EMC is more preferable.
  • the non-aqueous solvent contains the cyclic carbonate or the chain carbonate
  • the ionic conductivity and charge and discharge in a low-temperature environment From the viewpoint of cycle performance, 10% by volume is preferable, and 5% by volume is more preferable.
  • the dielectric constant, viscosity, and the like become appropriate, so that the capacity retention rate and the like of the electric storage element can be further improved.
  • the non-aqueous electrolyte usually contains an electrolyte salt dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent.
  • the electrolyte salt include a lithium salt, a sodium salt, a potassium salt, a magnesium salt, and an onium salt. Of these, lithium salts are preferred.
  • lithium salt examples include inorganic lithium salts such as LiPF 6 , LiPO 2 F 2 , LiBF 4 , LiPF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2 , LiClO 4 , and LiN (SO 2 F) 2 , LiSO 3 CF 3 , LiN ( SO 2 CF 3) 2, LiN (SO 2 C 2 F 5) 2, LiN (SO 2 CF 3) (SO 2 C 4 F 9), LiC (SO 2 CF 3) 3, LiC (SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) a lithium salt having a fluorinated hydrocarbon group such as 3 ;
  • an inorganic lithium salt is preferable, and LiPF 6 is more preferable.
  • 0.1 mol / L is preferred, 0.3 mol / L is more preferred, 0.5 mol / L is still more preferred, and 0.8 mol / L is especially preferred.
  • the upper limit of the content ratio is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2.5 mol / L, more preferably 2 mol / L, and still more preferably 1.5 mol / L.
  • the anion is an anion in which a dicarboxylate group is bonded to a boron atom.
  • the “dicarboxylate group” means a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from each of two carboxy groups of a dicarboxylic acid.
  • dicarboxylic acid providing a dicarboxylate group examples include oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid and the like. Among these, oxalic acid or malonic acid is preferred, and oxalic acid is more preferred.
  • dicarboxylate group examples include groups obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from each of the two carboxy groups of the above-described dicarboxylic acid, such as an oxalate group, a malonate group, a succinate group, a glutarate group, and an adipate group.
  • an oxalate group or a malonate group is preferred, and an oxalate group is more preferred.
  • the anion preferably further contains a fluorine atom.
  • a good film can be formed.
  • the anion preferably has a fluorine atom bonded to a boron atom.
  • the anion is preferably an anion represented by the following formula (1).
  • R 1 is a single bond or a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • n is 1 or 2.
  • R 2 and R 3 are each independently a fluorine atom or a monovalent fluorinated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
  • Examples of the divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms represented by R 1 include a group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from a chain hydrocarbon such as methane, ethane, n-propane, and n-butane. No.
  • Examples of the monovalent fluorinated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms represented by R 2 and R 3 include a hydrogen atom of a monovalent hydrocarbon group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, and an n-propyl group. And a group in which part or all of the group is substituted with a fluorine atom.
  • R 1 a single bond or a group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from a methyl group is preferable, and a single bond is more preferable.
  • a fluorine atom is preferable.
  • N is preferably 1.
  • Examples of the anion represented by the above formula (1) include a difluorooxalate borate anion represented by the following formula (1-1), a bisoxalate borate anion represented by the following formula (1-2), Difluoromalonate borate anion represented by (1-3), bismalonate borate anion represented by the following formula (1-4), malonate oxalate borate anion represented by the following formula (1-5), etc. Is mentioned.
  • the anion is preferably a difluorooxalate borate anion represented by the above formula (1-1) or a bis (oxalate) borate anion represented by the above formula (1-2).
  • the represented difluorooxalate borate anion is more preferred.
  • the anion is usually contained in the nonaqueous electrolyte in the form of a salt with a cation.
  • the cation include an alkali metal cation, an alkaline earth metal cation, and an onium cation. Among these, alkali metal cations are preferred, and lithium ions are more preferred.
  • Examples of the compound providing the anion include lithium difluorooxalate borate (hereinafter, also referred to as “LiDFOB”) represented by the following formula (1-1-1), and the compound represented by the following formula (1-2-1) Lithium bis oxalate borate (hereinafter also referred to as “LiBOB”) and the like.
  • LiDFOB lithium difluorooxalate borate
  • LiBOB Lithium bis oxalate borate
  • lithium difluorooxalate represented by the above formula (1-1-1) is preferable.
  • the lower limit of the content of the anion in the non-aqueous electrolyte in the non-aqueous electrolyte is preferably 0.01% by mass, more preferably 0.05% by mass, and more preferably 0.05% by mass, based on the total mass of the non-aqueous electrolyte. 1% by mass is more preferred, 0.3% by mass is even more preferred, and 0.5% by mass is even more preferred.
  • the content ratio of the anion is equal to or more than the lower limit, the capacity retention ratio after the charge / discharge cycle of the power storage element in a low-temperature environment can be increased.
  • the upper limit of the content is preferably 5% by mass, more preferably 3% by mass, still more preferably 2% by mass, still more preferably 1% by mass, and particularly preferably 0.8% by mass.
  • the content of the anion is equal to or less than the upper limit, an increase in resistance can be suppressed.
  • the non-aqueous electrolyte may contain other additives other than the non-aqueous solvent, the electrolyte salt and the anion as necessary.
  • Other additives include aromatic compounds such as biphenyl, alkyl biphenyl, terphenyl, partially hydrogenated terphenyl, cyclohexylbenzene, t-butylbenzene, t-amylbenzene, diphenyl ether, dibenzofuran; 2-fluorobiphenyl Partial halides of the aromatic compounds such as, o-cyclohexylfluorobenzene and p-cyclohexylfluorobenzene; 2,4-difluoroanisole, 2,5-difluoroanisole, 2,6-difluoroanisole, 3,5-difluoroanisole Halogenated anisole compounds such as succinic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, maleic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, gluta
  • the upper limit of the content ratio of the other additives is preferably 5% by mass, more preferably 1% by mass, and more preferably 0% by mass relative to the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolyte. 0.1 mass% is more preferred.
  • a non-aqueous electrolyte storage element includes a non-aqueous electrolyte. Further, the non-aqueous electrolyte storage element usually includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode. Hereinafter, a secondary battery will be described as an example of the nonaqueous electrolyte storage element.
  • the positive electrode and the negative electrode usually form an electrode body that is alternately superimposed by lamination or winding via a separator. This electrode body is housed in a container for a non-aqueous electrolyte storage element, and the container for a non-aqueous electrolyte storage element is filled with a non-aqueous electrolyte.
  • the non-aqueous electrolyte is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
  • a known metal container, resin container, or the like which is generally used as a container for a secondary battery can be used.
  • Non-aqueous electrolyte The non-aqueous electrolyte used in the non-aqueous electrolyte storage element is the above-described non-aqueous electrolyte according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the positive electrode preferably has a positive electrode substrate and a positive electrode mixture layer disposed directly or via an intermediate layer on the positive electrode substrate.
  • the positive electrode substrate has conductivity.
  • a metal such as aluminum, titanium, tantalum, stainless steel or an alloy thereof is used.
  • aluminum or an aluminum alloy is preferable from the viewpoint of the balance between potential resistance, high conductivity, and cost.
  • Examples of the form of forming the positive electrode substrate include a foil and a vapor-deposited film, and a foil is preferable in terms of cost. That is, the positive electrode substrate is preferably an aluminum foil or an aluminum alloy foil.
  • Examples of aluminum or aluminum alloy include A1085P and A3003P specified in JIS-H-4000 (2014).
  • the intermediate layer is a coating layer on the surface of the positive electrode substrate, and reduces contact resistance between the positive electrode substrate and the positive electrode mixture layer by containing conductive particles such as carbon particles.
  • the configuration of the intermediate layer is not particularly limited.
  • the intermediate layer can be formed of a composition containing a resin binder and conductive particles. Note that “having conductivity” means that the volume resistivity measured according to JIS-H-0505 (1975) is 10 7 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less, and “non-conductive”. Means that the volume resistivity is greater than 10 7 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
  • the positive electrode mixture layer is a layer formed from a so-called positive electrode mixture containing a positive electrode active material.
  • the positive electrode mixture layer contains optional components such as a conductive agent, a binder, a thickener, and a filler as necessary.
  • a metal oxide is used as the positive electrode active material.
  • Specific positive electrode active materials include, for example, a composite oxide represented by Li x MO y (M represents at least one transition metal) (Li x CoO 2 , Li having a layered ⁇ -NaFeO 2 type crystal structure) x NiO 2, Li x MnO 3 , Li x Ni ⁇ Co (1- ⁇ ) O 2, Li x Ni ⁇ Mn ⁇ Co (1- ⁇ - ⁇ ) O 2 , etc., Li x Mn 2 having a spinel type crystal structure O 4, Li x Ni ⁇ Mn (2- ⁇ ) O 4 , etc.), Li w Me x (AO y) z (Me represents at least one transition metal, a is for example P, Si, B, and V, etc.
  • the elements or polyanions in these compounds may be partially substituted with other elements or anionic species.
  • one type of these compounds may be used alone, or two or more types may be mixed and used.
  • the conductive agent is not particularly limited as long as it is a conductive material that does not adversely affect the performance of the storage element.
  • a conductive agent include natural or artificial graphite, furnace black, acetylene black, carbon black such as acetylene black, metal, conductive ceramics, and the like, and acetylene black is preferable.
  • the shape of the conductive agent include powder, fiber, and the like.
  • binder examples include fluororesins (polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), etc.), thermoplastic resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyimide; ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), sulfonated EPDM, and styrene. Elastomers such as butadiene rubber (SBR) and fluororubber; and polysaccharide polymers.
  • fluororesins polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), etc.
  • thermoplastic resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyimide
  • EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene rubber
  • SBR butadiene rubber
  • fluororubber saccharide polymers
  • Examples of the thickener include polysaccharide polymers such as carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and methylcellulose.
  • CMC carboxymethylcellulose
  • methylcellulose a functional group which reacts with lithium
  • the filler is not particularly limited as long as it does not adversely affect battery performance.
  • the main components of the filler include polyolefins such as polypropylene and polyethylene, silica, alumina, zeolite, and glass.
  • the negative electrode preferably has a negative electrode substrate and a negative electrode mixture layer disposed on the negative electrode substrate directly or via an intermediate layer.
  • the intermediate layer can have the same configuration as the intermediate layer of the positive electrode.
  • the negative electrode substrate may have the same configuration as the positive electrode substrate, but as the material, copper, nickel, stainless steel, a metal such as nickel-plated steel or an alloy thereof is used, and copper or a copper alloy is used. preferable. That is, a copper foil is preferable as the negative electrode substrate. Examples of the copper foil include a rolled copper foil and an electrolytic copper foil.
  • the negative electrode mixture layer is formed of a so-called negative electrode mixture containing a negative electrode active material. Further, the negative electrode mixture layer contains optional components such as a conductive agent, a binder, a thickener, and a filler as necessary. As the optional components such as a conductive agent, a binder, a thickener, and a filler, the same components as those of the positive electrode mixture layer can be used.
  • a material capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions is usually used as the negative electrode active material.
  • Specific negative electrode active materials include, for example, metals or metalloids such as Si and Sn; metal oxides or metalloid oxides such as Si oxides and Sn oxides; polyphosphate compounds; graphite (graphite); Carbon materials such as carbon (easily graphitizable carbon or hardly graphitizable carbon) are exemplified.
  • the negative electrode mixture layer is made of a typical nonmetallic element such as B, N, P, F, Cl, Br, or I, or a typical metal element such as Li, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Zn, Ga, or Ge. , Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Zr, Ta, Hf, Nb, W and other transition metal elements.
  • a typical nonmetallic element such as B, N, P, F, Cl, Br, or I
  • a typical metal element such as Li, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Zn, Ga, or Ge.
  • Sc Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Zr, Ta, Hf, Nb, W and other transition metal elements.
  • the material of the separator for example, a woven fabric, a nonwoven fabric, a porous resin film, or the like is used.
  • a porous resin film is preferable from the viewpoint of strength
  • a nonwoven fabric is preferable from the viewpoint of liquid retention of the nonaqueous electrolyte.
  • a polyolefin such as polyethylene or polypropylene is preferable from the viewpoint of strength
  • polyimide or aramid is preferable from the viewpoint of resistance to oxidative decomposition. Further, these resins may be combined.
  • an inorganic layer may be provided between the separator and the electrode (usually, the positive electrode).
  • This inorganic layer is a porous layer also called a heat-resistant layer or the like.
  • a separator in which an inorganic layer is formed on one surface of a porous resin film can also be used.
  • the inorganic layer is usually composed of inorganic particles and a binder, and may contain other components.
  • As the inorganic particles Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , aluminosilicate and the like are preferable.
  • the secondary battery (electric storage element) has a high capacity retention rate after storage in a high-temperature environment, and thus can be used at a high operating voltage.
  • the positive electrode potential at the end-of-charge voltage during normal use of the secondary battery may be, for example, 4.0 V (vs. Li / Li + ) or higher, but is 4.4 V (vs. Li / Li + ). The above is preferred.
  • the upper limit of the positive electrode potential at the end-of-charge voltage during normal use is 5.1 V (vs. Li / Li + ).
  • Non-aqueous electrolyte storage element manufacturing method The non-aqueous electrolyte storage element is preferably manufactured by the following method. That is, the method for manufacturing a non-aqueous electrolyte storage element according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a step of placing a non-aqueous electrolyte in a container for a non-aqueous electrolyte storage element (hereinafter, also referred to as “non-aqueous electrolyte injection step”).
  • Non-aqueous electrolyte injection step can be performed by a known method, except that the non-aqueous electrolyte according to the embodiment of the present invention is used as the non-aqueous electrolyte. That is, the nonaqueous electrolyte may be prepared, and the prepared nonaqueous electrolyte may be injected into the nonaqueous electrolyte storage element container.
  • the manufacturing method may include the following steps in addition to the nonaqueous electrolyte injection step. That is, the manufacturing method includes, for example, a step of forming a positive electrode, a step of forming a negative electrode, a step of forming an electrode body that is alternately superimposed by stacking or winding the positive electrode and the negative electrode via a separator, and A step of accommodating the positive electrode and the negative electrode (electrode body) in the nonaqueous electrolyte storage element container can be provided.
  • the non-aqueous electrolyte is injected into the non-aqueous electrolyte storage element container after the electrode body is accommodated in the non-aqueous electrolyte storage element container, but the order may be reversed.
  • a secondary battery non-aqueous electrolyte storage element
  • the positive electrode potential at the charge end voltage in normal use is 4.4 V (vs. Li / Li + ) or more.
  • the non-aqueous electrolyte storage element has a high capacity retention rate after storage in a high-temperature environment, and thus is a storage element used under charging conditions in which the positive electrode potential at the charge end voltage during normal use is relatively high. In particular, this effect can be particularly sufficiently exhibited. Note that, for example, in a power storage element using graphite as a negative electrode active material, the positive electrode potential is about 5.1 V (vs. Li / Li + ) when the charge end voltage is 5.0 V, depending on the design.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be embodied in modes in which various changes and improvements are made in addition to the above-described modes.
  • the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the nonaqueous electrolyte energy storage element do not have to have a clear layer structure.
  • the positive electrode may have a structure in which a positive electrode mixture is supported on a mesh-shaped positive electrode base material.
  • non-aqueous electrolyte storage element is a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery
  • non-aqueous electrolyte storage elements may be used.
  • Other non-aqueous electrolyte energy storage devices include capacitors (electric double layer capacitors, lithium ion capacitors) and the like.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a rectangular non-aqueous electrolyte storage element 1 (non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery) which is one embodiment of the non-aqueous electrolyte storage element according to the present invention.
  • the figure is a view in which the inside of the container is seen through.
  • the electrode body 2 is accommodated in a nonaqueous electrolyte storage element container 3.
  • the electrode body 2 is formed by winding a positive electrode having a positive electrode mixture layer and a negative electrode having a negative electrode mixture layer via a separator.
  • the positive electrode is electrically connected to the positive terminal 4 via a positive electrode lead 4 ', and the negative electrode is electrically connected to the negative terminal 5 via a negative lead 5'.
  • the nonaqueous electrolyte storage element container 3 is filled with the nonaqueous electrolyte according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the configuration of the nonaqueous electrolyte storage element according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a cylindrical battery, a square battery (rectangular battery), and a flat battery.
  • the present invention can also be realized as a power storage device including a plurality of the above nonaqueous electrolyte power storage elements.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of a power storage device.
  • power storage device 30 includes a plurality of power storage units 20.
  • Each power storage unit 20 includes a plurality of nonaqueous electrolyte power storage elements 1.
  • the power storage device 30 can be mounted as a power source for vehicles such as an electric vehicle (EV), a hybrid vehicle (HEV), and a plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHEV).
  • EV electric vehicle
  • HEV hybrid vehicle
  • PHEV plug-in hybrid vehicle
  • EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
  • FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
  • FMP methyl 3,3,3-trifluoropropionate
  • FEA 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acetate
  • DFEA 2,2,2-difluoroethyl acetate
  • LiDFOB lithium difluorooxalate borate
  • LiBOB lithium bisoxalate borate
  • VEC vinyl ethylene carbonate
  • Example 1 (Preparation of non-aqueous electrolyte) FEC and FMP were mixed at a volume ratio of 10:90 to obtain a non-aqueous solvent. Lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ) as an electrolyte salt was added to this nonaqueous solvent so as to have a content of 1.2 mol / L, and LiDFOB as an additive was added to the total mass of the nonaqueous solvent and the electrolyte. The non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared by dissolving so as to be 0.2% by mass.
  • LiPF 6 Lithium hexafluorophosphate
  • LiDFOB LiDFOB
  • LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 was used as a positive electrode active material.
  • a positive electrode paste containing the positive electrode active material: polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF): acetylene black (AB) at a mass ratio of 94: 3: 3 (in terms of solids) and using N-methylpyrrolidone as a dispersion medium was prepared.
  • This positive electrode paste is applied to both sides of a strip-shaped aluminum foil as a positive electrode base material so that the positive electrode active material is contained at 18.6 mg / cm 2 per unit electrode area, and dried to obtain N-methylpyrrolidone as a dispersion medium. Was removed. This was pressed by a roller press to form a positive electrode mixture layer, and then dried under reduced pressure at 100 ° C. for 14 hours to remove water in the positive electrode mixture layer. Thus, a positive electrode was obtained.
  • Graphite was used as the negative electrode active material.
  • SBR styrene butadiene rubber
  • CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
  • non-aqueous electrolyte storage element As the separator, a microporous polyolefin membrane coated with an inorganic layer was used.
  • the electrode body was manufactured by laminating the positive electrode and the negative electrode via the separator.
  • the electrode body was housed in a rectangular nonaqueous electrolyte storage element container made of aluminum, and a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal were attached. After injecting the non-aqueous electrolyte into the container for a non-aqueous electrolyte storage element, the container was sealed to obtain a non-aqueous electrolyte storage element (secondary battery) of Example 1.
  • Example 2 was repeated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the type and content of the electrolyte salt, the type and volume ratio of the nonaqueous solvent, or the type and amount of the additive were as shown in Tables 1 and 2. 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were obtained. Note that "-" in the table indicates that the corresponding non-aqueous solvent or additive was not used.
  • Example 7 Same as Example 2 except that the content of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ) was 0.4 mol / L and the content of lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) amide (LiFSA) was 0.8 mol / L as the electrolyte salt. Thus, a non-aqueous electrolyte energy storage device of Example 7 was obtained. Note that "-" in the table indicates that the corresponding non-aqueous solvent or additive was not used.
  • LiPF 6 lithium hexafluorophosphate
  • LiFSA lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) amide
  • non-aqueous electrolyte energy storage devices manufactured by the above-described procedure, a plurality of non-aqueous electrolyte energy storage devices according to Comparative Examples 1 and 2 and Example 2 were prepared and subjected to the following “initial charge / discharge”. Storage test "or" 0 ° C charge / discharge cycle test ".
  • the nonaqueous electrolyte energy storage devices according to Comparative Example 3, Examples 1, 3 to 7, and Reference Examples 1 to 3 were subjected to “initial charge / discharge” and subjected to “0 ° C. charge / discharge cycle test”.
  • Comparing Comparative Example 1 with Comparative Example 2 the use of FEC and FMP as the non-aqueous solvent improves the “capacity retention rate after storage test at 45 ° C.” as compared to the case of using FEC and EMC.
  • the “capacity retention after the 0 ° C. cycle test” (hereinafter, also referred to as low-temperature characteristics) decreases.
  • Comparing Example 2 with Comparative Example 1 by adding LiDFOB as an additive, the “capacity retention after 45 ° C. storage test” was improved, and the “capacity retention after 0 ° C. cycle test” was greatly improved. You can see that there is. From these results, it was found that the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention was excellent in charge / discharge cycle performance in a low-temperature environment while maintaining high-temperature storage performance.
  • Comparing Examples 1 to 4 with Comparative Example 1 by using LiDFOB as an additive, the low-temperature characteristics are improved and the increase in the battery thickness after the 0 ° C. charge / discharge cycle test is suppressed regardless of the added amount. It was done.
  • Comparing Example 5 with Comparative Examples 1 and 3 it can be seen that even when LiBOB is used as an additive, the effect of improving low-temperature characteristics can be obtained. However, when using VEC, it turns out that it falls remarkably.
  • Comparing Example 6 with Comparative Example 1 it can be seen that even when FEA is used as the non-aqueous solvent, an effect of improving low-temperature characteristics can be obtained. Further, the increase in battery thickness after the 0 ° C. charge / discharge cycle test was also suppressed.
  • the DFEA was the largest among the DFEA, FEA and FMP, and the FMP was the smallest among the LUMOs. It is said that the larger the value of LUMO, the better the reduction resistance.
  • a non-aqueous electrolyte storage element using FEA or FMP as a non-aqueous solvent which is easily reduced as compared with DFEA, is decomposed on a negative electrode together with LiDFOB containing FEA or FMP as an additive, and boron atoms and fluorine atoms are decomposed. It is considered that the formation of a uniform film close to the above exhibits excellent charge / discharge cycle performance in a low-temperature environment.
  • the present invention is applicable to electronic devices such as personal computers and communication terminals, and non-aqueous electrolyte storage elements used as power sources for automobiles and the like.

Abstract

Un aspect de la présente invention, qui offre un cycle de charge/décharge exceptionnel dans des conditions de basse température, concerne un électrolyte non aqueux contenant un solvant non aqueux, un sel électrolytique et un anion dans lequel un groupe dicarboxylate est lié à un atome de bore, le solvant non aqueux comprenant un carbonate cyclique fluoré et un ester d'acide carboxylique fluoré ayant un groupe qui comprend un groupe trifluorométhyle.
PCT/JP2019/038024 2018-09-28 2019-09-26 Électrolyte non aqueux, élément de stockage d'électrolyte non aqueux, procédé de fabrication d'élément de stockage d'électrolyte non aqueux, et procédé d'utilisation d'un élément de stockage d'électrolyte non aqueux WO2020067370A1 (fr)

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CN114976239A (zh) * 2022-05-31 2022-08-30 武汉船用电力推进装置研究所(中国船舶重工集团公司第七一二研究所) 一种适用于全海深的高安全锂离子电池电解液
EP4210146A3 (fr) * 2021-12-28 2023-08-09 SK On Co., Ltd. Électrolyte non-aqueux et batterie secondaire au lithium le comprenant

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4210146A3 (fr) * 2021-12-28 2023-08-09 SK On Co., Ltd. Électrolyte non-aqueux et batterie secondaire au lithium le comprenant
CN114976239A (zh) * 2022-05-31 2022-08-30 武汉船用电力推进装置研究所(中国船舶重工集团公司第七一二研究所) 一种适用于全海深的高安全锂离子电池电解液

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