WO2020021732A1 - スラリ及び研磨方法 - Google Patents
スラリ及び研磨方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020021732A1 WO2020021732A1 PCT/JP2018/035463 JP2018035463W WO2020021732A1 WO 2020021732 A1 WO2020021732 A1 WO 2020021732A1 JP 2018035463 W JP2018035463 W JP 2018035463W WO 2020021732 A1 WO2020021732 A1 WO 2020021732A1
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- particles
- mass
- slurry
- polishing
- abrasive grains
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1454—Abrasive powders, suspensions and pastes for polishing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09G—POLISHING COMPOSITIONS; SKI WAXES
- C09G1/00—Polishing compositions
- C09G1/02—Polishing compositions containing abrasives or grinding agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
- B24B37/04—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories designed for working plane surfaces
- B24B37/042—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories designed for working plane surfaces operating processes therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1409—Abrasive particles per se
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1436—Composite particles, e.g. coated particles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1454—Abrasive powders, suspensions and pastes for polishing
- C09K3/1463—Aqueous liquid suspensions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P52/00—Grinding, lapping or polishing of wafers, substrates or parts of devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P74/00—Testing or measuring during manufacture or treatment of wafers, substrates or devices
- H10P74/23—Testing or measuring during manufacture or treatment of wafers, substrates or devices characterised by multiple measurements, corrections, marking or sorting processes
- H10P74/238—Testing or measuring during manufacture or treatment of wafers, substrates or devices characterised by multiple measurements, corrections, marking or sorting processes comprising acting in response to an ongoing measurement without interruption of processing, e.g. endpoint detection or in-situ thickness measurement
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P95/00—Generic processes or apparatus for manufacture or treatments not covered by the other groups of this subclass
- H10P95/06—Planarisation of inorganic insulating materials
- H10P95/062—Planarisation of inorganic insulating materials involving a dielectric removal step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F17/00—Compounds of rare earth metals
- C01F17/20—Compounds containing only rare earth metals as the metal element
- C01F17/206—Compounds containing only rare earth metals as the metal element oxide or hydroxide being the only anion
- C01F17/224—Oxides or hydroxides of lanthanides
- C01F17/235—Cerium oxides or hydroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/80—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70
- C01P2002/85—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70 by XPS, EDX or EDAX data
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a slurry and a polishing method.
- a CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) technique which is one of the processing techniques, forms a shallow trench isolation (shallow trench isolation; hereinafter, referred to as "STI") in a semiconductor device manufacturing process. It is an indispensable technique for flattening a premetal insulating material or an interlayer insulating material, forming a plug or a buried metal wiring, and the like.
- the most frequently used polishing liquid is, for example, a silica-based polishing liquid containing silica (silicon oxide) particles such as fumed silica and colloidal silica as abrasive grains.
- the silica-based polishing liquid is characterized by being highly versatile, and can appropriately polish a wide variety of materials irrespective of insulating materials and conductive materials by appropriately selecting the abrasive content, pH, additives, and the like.
- a polishing liquid mainly for an insulating material such as silicon oxide the demand for a polishing liquid containing cerium compound particles as abrasive grains is also increasing.
- a cerium oxide-based polishing liquid containing cerium oxide particles as abrasive grains can polish silicon oxide at high speed even with a lower abrasive content than a silica-based polishing liquid (for example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2 below).
- the step of the insulating material at the time of forming the cell is several times higher than that of the conventional planar type. Accordingly, in order to maintain the device manufacturing throughput, it is necessary to quickly eliminate the high steps as described above in the CMP process or the like, and it is necessary to improve the polishing rate of the insulating material.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and has as its object to provide a slurry capable of improving a polishing rate of an insulating material, and a polishing method using the slurry.
- a slurry according to one aspect of the present invention is a slurry containing abrasive grains and a liquid medium, wherein the abrasive grains include first particles and second particles in contact with the first particles.
- the particle size of the second particles is smaller than the particle size of the first particles, the first particles contain a cerium oxide, the second particles contain a cerium compound,
- the solid phase obtained by centrifuging the slurry at a centrifugal acceleration of 1.1 ⁇ 10 4 G for 60 minutes has a BET specific surface area of 40 m 2 / g or more. is there.
- the polishing rate of the insulating material can be improved, and the insulating material can be polished at a high polishing rate.
- a polishing method includes a step of polishing a surface to be polished using the slurry. According to such a polishing method, the same effect as that of the slurry can be obtained by using the slurry.
- a slurry capable of improving the polishing rate of an insulating material for example, silicon oxide
- a polishing method using the slurry can be provided.
- the use of a slurry for polishing a surface to be polished containing silicon oxide can be provided.
- a numerical range indicated by using “to” indicates a range including numerical values described before and after “to” as a minimum value and a maximum value, respectively.
- the upper limit or the lower limit of a numerical range in one step can be arbitrarily combined with the upper limit or the lower limit of a numerical range in another step.
- the upper limit or the lower limit of the numerical range may be replaced with the value shown in the embodiment.
- “A or B” may include one of A and B, and may include both.
- the materials exemplified in the present specification can be used alone or in combination of two or more, unless otherwise specified.
- the content of each component in the composition if there are a plurality of substances corresponding to each component in the composition, unless otherwise specified, the total amount of the plurality of substances present in the composition Means
- step is included in the term as well as an independent step, even if it is not clearly distinguishable from other steps, provided that the intended action of that step is achieved.
- the slurry according to the present embodiment contains abrasive grains.
- the abrasive grains are also referred to as “abrasive particles”, but are referred to herein as “abrasive grains”.
- Abrasive grains are generally solid particles, and are removed by a mechanical action (physical action) of the abrasive grains during polishing and a chemical action of the abrasive grains (mainly, the surface of the abrasive grains). It is contemplated, but not limited to, that the object is removed.
- the polishing rate when the slurry according to the present embodiment is used is, for example, the polishing rate obtained when the content of abrasive grains (total amount of particles) is adjusted to 0.1% by mass based on the total mass of the slurry. Can be compared based on
- the slurry according to the present embodiment contains abrasive grains and a liquid medium as essential components.
- the slurry according to the present embodiment can be used, for example, as a polishing liquid (CMP polishing liquid).
- CMP polishing liquid polishing liquid
- the term "polishing liquid, abrasive” is defined as a composition that comes into contact with a surface to be polished during polishing.
- the phrase "polishing liquid” itself does not limit the components contained in the polishing liquid at all.
- the abrasive contains composite particles including first particles and second particles in contact with the first particles.
- the particle size of the second particles is smaller than the particle size of the first particles.
- the first particles contain a cerium oxide and the second particles contain a cerium compound.
- the BET specific surface area of the solid phase obtained when the slurry according to the present embodiment is centrifuged at a centrifugal acceleration of 1.1 ⁇ 10 4 G for 60 minutes, 40 m 2 / g or more.
- the polishing rate of the insulating material (for example, silicon oxide) can be improved.
- a high polishing rate of the insulating material can be obtained even when the content of the abrasive grains is small.
- the reasons why the polishing rate of the insulating material is improved as described above include, for example, the following reasons. However, the reason is not limited to the following.
- the polishing of the insulating material proceeds by the mechanical action and the chemical action between the surface of the abrasive grains contributing to the polishing and the surface of the insulating material.
- the first particles containing cerium oxide and having a larger particle size than the second particles have a stronger mechanical action (mechanical properties) on the insulating material than the second particles.
- the second particles containing the cerium compound and having a smaller particle size than the first particles have a smaller mechanical action on the insulating material than the first particles, but have a specific surface area of the whole particles. Since the surface area per unit mass is large, the chemical action (chemical properties) on the insulating material is strong.
- the BET specific surface area of the solid phase obtained by centrifugation is 40 m 2 / g or more.
- the abrasive grains collected as the solid phase have a high specific surface area, so that the polishing rate is easily improved. From the above, it is estimated that the polishing rate of the insulating material can be improved by using the slurry according to the present embodiment.
- the dried BET specific surface area of the solid phase obtained by centrifuging the slurry can be used.
- the BET specific surface area of the solid phase is preferably 41 m 2 / g or more from the viewpoint that the polishing rate of the insulating material is easily improved.
- the BET specific surface area of the solid phase, from the viewpoint of polishing rate tends to increase the insulating material is preferably 70m 2 / g or less, more preferably 60 m 2 / g or less, still more preferably 50 m 2 / g or less, 45 m 2 / g or less, particularly preferably 43 m 2 / g or less, and very preferably 42 m 2 / g or less. From the above viewpoint, the BET specific surface area of the solid phase is more preferably 40 to 70 m 2 / g.
- the BET specific surface area of the solid phase can be measured using a gas adsorption method, for example, using a specific surface area / pore diameter analyzer (trade name: QUADRASORB EVO) manufactured by Quantachrome Co. under the following conditions.
- a specific surface area / pore diameter analyzer (trade name: QUADRASORB EVO) manufactured by Quantachrome Co. under the following conditions.
- an average value of two measurements can be used as the BET specific surface area of the solid phase.
- Pretreatment vacuum degassing (100 ° C, 2 hours)
- Measurement method Constant volume method
- Adsorption gas Nitrogen gas Measurement temperature: 77.35K (-195.8 ° C)
- Measurement cell size 1.5cm 3
- Measurement item Measure several points while changing the value of P / P 0 in the range of 0 to 0.3
- Analysis item Specific surface area by BET multipoint method Number of measurements: Change twice for different samples
- the solid phase for measuring the BET specific surface area can be recovered from the slurry by, for example, centrifugation and vacuum drying under the following conditions.
- [Centrifugation conditions] Apparatus: Centrifuge manufactured by Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd. (trade name: himac CR7) Separation conditions: centrifugal acceleration 1.1 ⁇ 10 4 G for 60 minutes [vacuum drying conditions] Equipment: Vacuum dryer manufactured by Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd. (Product name: Standard type ADP200) Drying condition: 24 hours at room temperature (25 ° C)
- the abrasive grains of the slurry according to the present embodiment contain composite particles including the first particles and the second particles in contact with the first particles.
- the particle size of the second particles is smaller than the particle size of the first particles.
- the magnitude relationship between the particle diameters of the first particles and the second particles can be determined from an SEM image or the like of the composite particles.
- the particle size of the first particles is preferably in the following range.
- the lower limit of the particle diameter of the first particles is preferably 15 nm or more, more preferably 25 nm or more, still more preferably 35 nm or more, particularly preferably 40 nm or more, and most preferably 50 nm or more, from the viewpoint of further improving the polishing rate of the insulating material.
- 80 nm or more is very preferable, and 100 nm or more is still more preferable.
- the upper limit of the particle diameter of the first particles is preferably 1,000 nm or less, more preferably 800 nm or less, and 600 nm or less, from the viewpoint of improving the dispersibility of the abrasive grains, and from the viewpoint that scratches on the surface to be polished are easily suppressed.
- the following is still more preferred, particularly preferably 400 nm or less, particularly preferably 300 nm or less, very preferably 200 nm or less, and even more preferably 150 nm or less.
- the particle diameter of the first particles is more preferably 15 to 1000 nm.
- the average particle size (average secondary particle size) of the first particles may be in the above range.
- the particle diameter of the second particles is preferably in the following range.
- the lower limit of the particle size of the second particles is preferably 1 nm or more, more preferably 2 nm or more, and still more preferably 3 nm or more, from the viewpoint of further improving the polishing rate of the insulating material.
- the upper limit of the particle size of the second particles is preferably 50 nm or less, more preferably 30 nm or less, and 25 nm from the viewpoint that the dispersibility of the abrasive grains is improved and that the surface to be polished is easily suppressed from being damaged.
- the thickness is particularly preferably 20 nm or less, particularly preferably 15 nm or less, and very preferably 10 nm or less. From the above viewpoint, the particle size of the second particles is more preferably 1 to 50 nm.
- the average particle size (average secondary particle size) of the second particles may be in the above range.
- the average particle size (average secondary particle size) of the abrasive grains (the entire abrasive grains including composite particles) in the slurry is preferably in the following range.
- the lower limit of the average particle size of the abrasive grains is preferably 16 nm or more, more preferably 20 nm or more, still more preferably 30 nm or more, particularly preferably 40 nm or more, and most preferably 50 nm or more, from the viewpoint of further improving the polishing rate of the insulating material. , 100 nm or more is very preferable, 120 nm or more is more preferable, and 140 nm or more is further preferable.
- the upper limit of the average particle size of the abrasive grains is preferably 1050 nm or less, more preferably 1000 nm or less, and 800 nm or less, from the viewpoint of improving the dispersibility of the abrasive grains and from the viewpoint that the surface to be polished is easily suppressed from being damaged.
- the average particle diameter of the abrasive grains is more preferably 16 to 1050 nm.
- the average particle size is measured using, for example, a light diffraction scattering type particle size distribution meter (for example, trade name: N5, manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc., or Microtrac Bell, Inc., trade name: Microtrac MT3300EXII). can do.
- a light diffraction scattering type particle size distribution meter for example, trade name: N5, manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc., or Microtrac Bell, Inc., trade name: Microtrac MT3300EXII.
- the first particles contain a cerium oxide (eg, ceria), and the second particles contain a cerium compound.
- the cerium compound of the second particles include cerium hydroxide and cerium oxide.
- the cerium compound of the second particles a compound different from cerium oxide can be used.
- the cerium compound preferably contains cerium hydroxide. Abrasive grains containing cerium hydroxide have a higher reactivity (chemical action) with an insulating material (eg, silicon oxide) due to the action of a hydroxyl group than particles made of silica, cerium oxide, and the like. Polishing can be performed at a higher polishing rate.
- Cerium hydroxide is, for example, a compound containing tetravalent cerium (Ce 4+ ) and at least one hydroxide ion (OH ⁇ ).
- Cerium hydroxide may include anions other than hydroxide ions (eg, nitrate ions NO 3 ⁇ and sulfate ions SO 4 2 ⁇ ).
- cerium hydroxide may include anions (eg, nitrate NO 3 ⁇ and sulfate SO 4 2 ⁇ ) bound to tetravalent cerium.
- Cerium hydroxide can be produced by reacting a cerium salt with an alkali source (base).
- the cerium hydroxide is preferably produced by mixing a cerium salt and an alkaline liquid (for example, an alkaline aqueous solution).
- an alkaline liquid for example, an alkaline aqueous solution.
- Cerium hydroxide can be obtained by mixing a cerium salt solution (for example, a cerium salt aqueous solution) and an alkali solution.
- the cerium salt include Ce (NO 3 ) 4 , Ce (SO 4 ) 2 , Ce (NH 4 ) 2 (NO 3 ) 6 , Ce (NH 4 ) 4 (SO 4 ) 4 and the like.
- Ce (OH) a X b the reactivity of hydroxide ions is improved by the action of an electron-withdrawing anion (X c ⁇ ), and the abundance of Ce (OH) a X b increases. It is thought that the polishing rate increases with the increase in the polishing rate.
- Examples of the anion (X c ⁇ ) include NO 3 — and SO 4 2- . It is thought that the particles containing cerium hydroxide may include not only Ce (OH) a Xb but also Ce (OH) 4 , CeO 2 and the like.
- the fact that the particles containing cerium hydroxide contain Ce (OH) a Xb is based on the fact that the particles are thoroughly washed with pure water and then the FT-IR ATR method (Fourier transform Infra Red Spectrometer Attenuated Total Reflection method, Fourier transform method) It can be confirmed by a method of detecting a peak corresponding to an anion (X c ⁇ ) by a spectrophotometer total reflection measurement method). The presence of an anion (X c ⁇ ) can also be confirmed by the XPS method (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy).
- the composite particles including the first particles and the second particles are brought into contact with the first particles and the second particles using a homogenizer, a nanomizer, a ball mill, a bead mill, an ultrasonic treatment machine, or the like, and the charges opposite to each other are used.
- a homogenizer a nanomizer, a ball mill, a bead mill, an ultrasonic treatment machine, or the like.
- the lower limit of the content of cerium oxide in the first particles is based on the entire first particles (the entire first particles contained in the slurry; the same applies hereinafter) from the viewpoint of further improving the polishing rate of the insulating material. Is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, still more preferably 90% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 95% by mass or more.
- the first particles may be in an aspect substantially composed of cerium oxide (an aspect in which 100% by mass of the first particles is cerium oxide).
- the lower limit of the content of the cerium compound in the second particles is based on the entire second particles (the entire second particles contained in the slurry; the same applies hereinafter) from the viewpoint of further improving the polishing rate of the insulating material. , 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, still more preferably 90% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 95% by mass or more.
- the second particles may have an aspect substantially composed of a cerium compound (an aspect in which substantially 100% by mass of the second particles is a cerium compound).
- the lower limit of the content of the first particles in the abrasive grains is 50% by mass or more based on the entire abrasive grains (the entirety of the abrasive grains contained in the slurry. The same applies hereinafter). Preferably, it exceeds 50% by mass, more preferably 60% by mass or more, particularly preferably 70% by mass or more, very preferably 75% by mass or more, and very preferably 80% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the content of the first particles in the abrasive grains is preferably 95% by mass or less, more preferably 93% by mass or less, and more preferably 90% by mass, based on the entire abrasive particles, from the viewpoint of further improving the polishing rate of the insulating material. % Or less, particularly preferably 88% by mass or less, particularly preferably 86% by mass or less, very preferably 85% by mass or less, and even more preferably 82% by mass or less. From the above viewpoint, the content of the first particles in the abrasive grains is more preferably 50 to 95% by mass based on the entire abrasive grains.
- the lower limit of the content of the second particles in the abrasive grains is preferably 5% by mass or more based on the entire abrasive grains (the entire abrasive grains contained in the slurry). It is more preferably at least 10 mass%, still more preferably at least 10 mass%, particularly preferably at least 12 mass%, particularly preferably at least 14 mass%, very preferably at least 15 mass%, and even more preferably at least 18 mass%.
- the upper limit of the content of the second particles in the abrasive grains is preferably 50% by mass or less, more preferably less than 50% by mass, and more preferably 40% by mass, based on the entire abrasive particles, from the viewpoint of further improving the polishing rate of the insulating material. % Or less, particularly preferably 30% by mass or less, particularly preferably 25% by mass or less, and very preferably 20% by mass or less. From the above viewpoint, the content of the second particles in the abrasive grains is more preferably 5 to 50% by mass based on the entire abrasive grains.
- the lower limit of the cerium oxide content in the abrasive grains is preferably 50% by mass or more, and more preferably 50% by mass, based on the entire abrasive grains (the entire abrasive grains contained in the slurry) from the viewpoint of further improving the polishing rate of the insulating material. %, More preferably 60% by mass or more, particularly preferably 70% by mass or more, particularly preferably 75% by mass or more, and very preferably 80% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the content of cerium oxide in the abrasive grains is preferably 95% by mass or less, more preferably 93% by mass or less, and more preferably 90% by mass, based on the whole abrasive particles, from the viewpoint of further improving the polishing rate of the insulating material.
- the amount is particularly preferably 88% by mass or less, particularly preferably 86% by mass or less, very preferably 85% by mass or less, and further preferably 82% by mass or less.
- the content of cerium oxide in the abrasive grains is more preferably 50 to 95% by mass based on the entire abrasive grains.
- the lower limit of the content of cerium hydroxide in the abrasive grains is preferably 5% by mass or more based on the entire abrasive grains (the entire abrasive grains contained in the slurry) from the viewpoint of further improving the polishing rate of the insulating material. It is more preferably at least 10 mass%, still more preferably at least 10 mass%, particularly preferably at least 12 mass%, particularly preferably at least 14 mass%, very preferably at least 15 mass%, and even more preferably at least 18 mass%.
- the upper limit of the content of cerium hydroxide in the abrasive grains is preferably 50% by mass or less, more preferably less than 50% by mass, and more preferably 40% by mass, based on the whole abrasive particles, from the viewpoint of further improving the polishing rate of the insulating material. % Or less, particularly preferably 30% by mass or less, particularly preferably 25% by mass or less, and very preferably 20% by mass or less. From the above viewpoint, the content of cerium hydroxide in the abrasive grains is more preferably 5 to 50% by mass based on the entire abrasive grains.
- the lower limit of the content of the first particles is preferably 50% by mass or more, and more preferably 50% by mass, based on the total amount of the first particles and the second particles, from the viewpoint of further improving the polishing rate of the insulating material. More preferably, it is more preferably 60% by mass or more, particularly preferably 70% by mass or more, particularly preferably 75% by mass or more, and very preferably 80% by mass or more. From the viewpoint of further improving the polishing rate of the insulating material, the upper limit of the content of the first particles is preferably 95% by mass or less, and more preferably 93% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the first particles and the second particles.
- the content of the first particles is more preferably 50 to 95% by mass based on the total amount of the first particles and the second particles.
- the lower limit of the content of the second particles is preferably 5% by mass or more, more preferably 7% by mass or more based on the total amount of the first particles and the second particles, from the viewpoint of further improving the polishing rate of the insulating material. Is more preferably 10% by mass or more, particularly preferably 12% by mass or more, particularly preferably 14% by mass or more, very preferably 15% by mass or more, and still more preferably 18% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the content of the second particles is preferably 50% by mass or less, and less than 50% by mass, based on the total amount of the first particles and the second particles, from the viewpoint of further improving the polishing rate of the insulating material.
- the content of the second particles is more preferably 5 to 50% by mass based on the total amount of the first particles and the second particles.
- the lower limit of the content of the first particles in the slurry is preferably 0.005% by mass or more, more preferably 0.008% by mass or more based on the total mass of the slurry, from the viewpoint of further improving the polishing rate of the insulating material. It is preferably at least 0.01% by mass, more preferably at least 0.05% by mass, particularly preferably at least 0.07% by mass, and most preferably at least 0.08% by mass.
- the upper limit of the content of the first particles in the slurry is preferably 5% by mass or less based on the total mass of the slurry, from the viewpoint of further improving the polishing rate of the insulating material and increasing the storage stability of the slurry.
- the content of the first particles in the slurry is more preferably 0.005 to 5% by mass based on the total mass of the slurry.
- the lower limit of the content of the second particles in the slurry is based on the total mass of the slurry, from the viewpoint that the chemical interaction between the abrasive grains and the surface to be polished is further improved and the polishing rate of the insulating material is further improved. , 0.005% by mass or more, more preferably 0.008% by mass or more, still more preferably 0.01% by mass or more, particularly preferably 0.012% by mass or more, and very preferably 0.015% by mass or more, 0.018% by mass or more is very preferable, and 0.02% by mass or more is even more preferable.
- the upper limit of the content of the second particles in the slurry makes it easier to avoid agglomeration of the abrasive grains, further enhances the chemical interaction between the abrasive grains and the surface to be polished, and improves the properties of the abrasive grains.
- the amount is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or less, still more preferably 1% by mass or less, particularly preferably 0.5% by mass or less, based on the total mass of the slurry.
- the content is very preferably 1% by mass or less, very preferably 0.05% by mass or less, further preferably 0.04% by mass or less, still more preferably 0.035% by mass or less, and still more preferably 0.03% by mass or less.
- the content of the second particles in the slurry is more preferably 0.005 to 5% by mass based on the total mass of the slurry.
- the lower limit of the content of cerium oxide in the slurry is preferably 0.005% by mass or more, more preferably 0.008% by mass or more based on the total mass of the slurry, from the viewpoint of further improving the polishing rate of the insulating material. , 0.01% by mass or more, particularly preferably 0.05% by mass or more, particularly preferably 0.07% by mass or more, and very preferably 0.08% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the content of cerium oxide in the slurry is preferably 5% by mass or less, based on the total mass of the slurry, from the viewpoint of further improving the polishing rate of the insulating material and increasing the storage stability of the slurry.
- the content is more preferably 1% by mass or less. From the above viewpoint, the content of cerium oxide in the slurry is more preferably 0.005 to 5% by mass based on the total mass of the slurry.
- the lower limit of the content of cerium hydroxide in the slurry is based on the total mass of the slurry, from the viewpoint that the chemical interaction between the abrasive grains and the surface to be polished is further improved and the polishing rate of the insulating material is further improved. , 0.005% by mass or more, more preferably 0.008% by mass or more, still more preferably 0.01% by mass or more, particularly preferably 0.012% by mass or more, and very preferably 0.015% by mass or more, 0.018% by mass or more is very preferable, and 0.02% by mass or more is even more preferable.
- the upper limit of the content of cerium hydroxide in the slurry makes it easier to avoid agglomeration of the abrasive grains, and further enhances the chemical interaction between the abrasive grains and the surface to be polished, thereby improving the properties of the abrasive grains.
- the amount is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or less, still more preferably 1% by mass or less, particularly preferably 0.5% by mass or less, based on the total mass of the slurry.
- the content is very preferably 1% by mass or less, very preferably 0.05% by mass or less, further preferably 0.04% by mass or less, still more preferably 0.035% by mass or less, and still more preferably 0.03% by mass or less.
- the content of the cerium hydroxide in the slurry is more preferably 0.005 to 5% by mass based on the total mass of the slurry.
- the lower limit of the content of the abrasive grains in the slurry is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.05% by mass or more, based on the total mass of the slurry, from the viewpoint of further improving the polishing rate of the insulating material. It is more preferably at least 0.08 mass%, particularly preferably at least 0.1 mass%.
- the upper limit of the content of the abrasive grains in the slurry is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, and more preferably 1% by mass or less, based on the total mass of the slurry, from the viewpoint of increasing the storage stability of the slurry.
- the content is particularly preferably 0.5% by mass or less, particularly preferably 0.1% by mass or less, very preferably 0.2% by mass or less, still more preferably 0.15% by mass or less, and 0.135% by mass.
- the content is particularly preferably 0.13% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 0.12% by mass or less. From the above viewpoint, the content of the abrasive grains in the slurry is more preferably 0.01 to 10% by mass based on the total mass of the slurry.
- the first particles can have a negative zeta potential.
- the second particles can have a positive zeta potential.
- the zeta potential indicates the surface potential of the particles.
- the zeta potential can be measured using, for example, a dynamic light scattering zeta potential measuring device (for example, trade name: DelsaNano @ C, manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc.).
- the zeta potential of the particles can be adjusted using additives. For example, by bringing a monocarboxylic acid (for example, acetic acid) into contact with particles containing cerium oxide, particles having a positive zeta potential can be obtained. Further, particles having a negative zeta potential can be obtained by bringing ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, a material having a carboxyl group (eg, polyacrylic acid) or the like into contact with particles containing cerium oxide.
- the slurry according to the present embodiment may contain particles other than the composite particles including the first particles and the second particles.
- particles for example, the first particles not in contact with the second particles; the second particles not in contact with the first particles; silica, alumina, zirconia, yttria And the like (particles not containing the first particles and the second particles).
- the liquid medium is not particularly limited, but water such as deionized water and ultrapure water is preferable.
- the content of the liquid medium may be the remainder of the slurry excluding the content of other components, and is not particularly limited.
- the slurry according to the present embodiment may further contain an optional additive for the purpose of adjusting polishing characteristics and the like.
- the optional additive include a material having a carboxyl group (excluding a compound corresponding to a polyoxyalkylene compound or a water-soluble polymer), a polyoxyalkylene compound, a water-soluble polymer, an oxidizing agent (for example, hydrogen peroxide), and a dispersion.
- Agents for example, phosphoric acid-based inorganic salts.
- Each of the additives can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- An optional additive can enhance the dispersion stability of abrasive grains in a slurry, and has the effect of polishing an insulating material (eg, silicon oxide) at a higher speed.
- an insulating material eg, silicon oxide
- the ability to eliminate a step is improved and high flatness can be obtained. This is considered to be because the polishing rate of the convex portion is significantly improved as compared with the concave portion.
- Examples of the material having a carboxyl group include monocarboxylic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and valeric acid; hydroxy acids such as lactic acid, malic acid, and citric acid; and dicarboxylic acids such as malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, and maleic acid.
- Monocarboxylic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and valeric acid
- hydroxy acids such as lactic acid, malic acid, and citric acid
- dicarboxylic acids such as malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, and maleic acid.
- Polycarboxylic acids such as polyacrylic acid and polymaleic acid
- amino acids such as arginine, histidine and lysine.
- Polyoxyalkylene compounds include polyalkylene glycols, polyoxyalkylene derivatives and the like.
- polyalkylene glycol examples include polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polybutylene glycol and the like.
- polyalkylene glycol at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol is preferable, and polyethylene glycol is more preferable.
- the polyoxyalkylene derivative is, for example, a compound obtained by introducing a functional group or a substituent into polyalkylene glycol, or a compound obtained by adding a polyalkylene oxide to an organic compound.
- the functional group or the substituent include an alkyl ether group, an alkyl phenyl ether group, a phenyl ether group, a styrenated phenyl ether group, a glyceryl ether group, an alkylamine group, a fatty acid ester group, and a glycol ester group.
- polyoxyalkylene derivative examples include polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene bisphenol ether (for example, BA glycol series manufactured by Nippon Emulsifier Co., Ltd.), and polyoxyethylene styrenated phenyl ether (for example, Emulgen manufactured by Kao Corporation) Series), polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether (eg, Neugen EA series manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.), polyoxyalkylene polyglyceryl ether (eg, SC-E series and SC-P series manufactured by Sakamoto Yakuhin Kogyo Co., Ltd.) Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester (for example, Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., Sorgen TW series), polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester (for example, Kao Corporation, Emanon series), Lioxyethylene alkylamine (for example, Amiradin D, manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku
- the water-soluble polymer is used for the dispersion stability of the abrasive grains, the flatness, the in-plane uniformity, the polishing selectivity of silicon oxide to silicon nitride (polishing rate of silicon oxide / polishing rate of silicon nitride), This has the effect of adjusting polishing characteristics such as polishing selectivity (polishing rate of silicon oxide / polishing rate of polysilicon).
- the “water-soluble polymer” is defined as a polymer that is soluble in 0.1 g or more with respect to 100 g of water. The polymer corresponding to the polyoxyalkylene compound is not included in the “water-soluble polymer”.
- water-soluble polymer there is no particular limitation on the water-soluble polymer, and acrylic polymers such as polyacrylamide and polydimethylacrylamide; polysaccharides such as carboxymethyl cellulose, agar, curdlan, dextrin, cyclodextrin, and pullulan; polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polysaccharide Vinyl-based polymers such as acrolein; glycerin-based polymers such as polyglycerin and polyglycerin derivatives; and polyethylene glycol.
- acrylic polymers such as polyacrylamide and polydimethylacrylamide
- polysaccharides such as carboxymethyl cellulose, agar, curdlan, dextrin, cyclodextrin, and pullulan
- polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polysaccharide Vinyl-based polymers such as acrolein
- glycerin-based polymers such as polyglycerin and polyg
- the lower limit of the content of the water-soluble polymer is set at 0 based on the total mass of the slurry, from the viewpoint of obtaining the effect of adding the water-soluble polymer while suppressing sedimentation of the abrasive grains.
- 0.001% by mass or more is preferable, 0.01% by mass or more is more preferable, 0.1% by mass or more is further preferable, 0.3% by mass or more is particularly preferable, and 0.5% by mass or more is very preferable.
- the upper limit of the content of the water-soluble polymer is preferably 10% by mass or less, and more preferably 8% by mass, based on the total mass of the slurry, from the viewpoint of obtaining the effect of adding the water-soluble polymer while suppressing sedimentation of the abrasive grains.
- the content is more preferably 6% by mass or less, further preferably 5% by mass or less, particularly preferably 3% by mass or less, and very preferably 1% by mass or less.
- the polishing rate of the insulating material can be further improved.
- the reasons why the polishing rate of the insulating material is improved as described above include, for example, the following reasons. However, the reason is not limited to the following.
- the composite particles are easily removed selectively, and contain free particles (hereinafter, referred to as “free particles”; for example, second particles that are not in contact with the first particles) as a solid content. If it is possible to obtain a liquid phase and the absorbance is greater than 0, the abrasive contains free particles in addition to the composite particles in the slurry. Since the free particles have a smaller particle size than the composite particles, the diffusion speed in the slurry is high, and the free particles are preferentially adsorbed on the surface of the insulating material to cover the surface.
- the composite particles can act not only directly on the insulating material but also indirectly on the free material adsorbed on the insulating material (eg, adsorbed on the insulating material). Mechanical action can be transferred to the insulating material via the free particles.) Thereby, the polishing rate of the insulating material is improved.
- the slurry according to the present embodiment is centrifuged at a centrifugal acceleration of 5.8 ⁇ 10 4 G for 5 minutes to obtain light having a wavelength of 380 nm in a liquid phase.
- the absorbance is preferably in the following range. From the viewpoint of further improving the polishing rate of the insulating material, the absorbance is more preferably 0.001 or more, still more preferably 0.002 or more, particularly preferably 0.003 or more, particularly preferably 0.005 or more.
- 01 or more is very preferable, 0.03 or more is still more preferable, 0.05 or more is still more preferable, 0.08 or more is particularly preferable, 0.09 or more is very preferable, 0.1 or more is very preferable, and 0 or more is preferable. .15 or more is more preferable.
- the absorbance is preferably 0.5 or less, more preferably 0.4 or less, still more preferably 0.3 or less, particularly preferably 0.25 or less, from the viewpoint of further improving the polishing rate of the insulating material. The following are highly preferred.
- the absorbance is more preferably more than 0 and 0.5 or less.
- the absorbance can be adjusted by adjusting the content of free particles in the abrasive grains. For example, increasing the surface area of the first particles with which the second particles come into contact, adjusting the dispersion state to be insufficient when the first particles are brought into contact with the second particles (reducing the dispersion time)
- the absorbance can be reduced by reducing the number of revolutions in stirring the liquid containing the first particles and the second particles, weakening the electrostatic repulsion generated between the particles, and the like.
- the slurry having a wavelength of 500 nm in a liquid phase obtained when the slurry according to the present embodiment (for example, a slurry having an abrasive content of 0.1% by mass) is centrifuged at a centrifugal acceleration of 5.8 ⁇ 10 4 G for 5 minutes.
- the light transmittance to light is preferably 50% / cm or more, more preferably 60% / cm or more, further preferably 70% / cm or more, and further preferably 80% / cm or more, from the viewpoint of further improving the polishing rate of the insulating material. Is particularly preferable, 90% / cm or more is very preferable, and 92% / cm or more is very preferable.
- the upper limit of the light transmittance is 100% / cm.
- the lower limit of the pH of the slurry according to this embodiment is preferably 2.0 or more, more preferably 2.5 or more, still more preferably 2.8 or more, from the viewpoint of further improving the polishing rate of the insulating material.
- the above is particularly preferable, 3.2 or more is extremely preferable, 3.5 or more is very preferable, 4.0 or more is more preferable, 4.2 or more is further preferable, and 4.3 or more is particularly preferable.
- the upper limit of the pH is preferably 7.0 or less, more preferably 6.5 or less, still more preferably 6.0 or less, particularly preferably 5.0 or less, from the viewpoint of further improving the storage stability of the slurry.
- the pH is more preferably from 2.0 to 7.0.
- the pH of the slurry is defined as the pH at a liquid temperature of 25 ° C.
- the pH of the slurry can be adjusted by an acid component such as an inorganic acid and an organic acid; and an alkaline component such as ammonia, sodium hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), imidazole and alkanolamine.
- a buffer may be added to stabilize the pH.
- a buffer may be added as a buffer (a solution containing a buffer). Examples of such a buffer include an acetate buffer, a phthalate buffer and the like.
- the pH of the slurry according to the present embodiment can be measured with a pH meter (for example, model number PHL-40 manufactured by Toa DKK Ltd.). Specifically, for example, after two-point calibration of a pH meter using a phthalate pH buffer (pH: 4.01) and a neutral phosphate pH buffer (pH: 6.86) as a standard buffer, The electrode of the pH meter is put in the slurry, and the value is measured after 2 minutes or more have passed and stabilized. The temperature of both the standard buffer and the slurry is 25 ° C.
- the constituent components of the polishing liquid may be stored as a one-part polishing liquid, and a slurry (a first liquid) containing abrasive grains and a liquid medium, and an additive And an additive liquid (second liquid) containing a liquid medium, and the constituent components of the polishing liquid are separated into a slurry and an additive liquid so that the polishing liquid becomes the polishing liquid. It may be stored as a polishing liquid set.
- the additive liquid may contain, for example, an oxidizing agent.
- the constituents of the polishing liquid may be stored as a polishing liquid set divided into three or more liquids.
- the slurry and the additive liquid are mixed immediately before or during polishing to prepare a polishing liquid.
- the one-component polishing liquid may be stored as a polishing liquid storage liquid in which the content of the liquid medium is reduced, and may be used after being diluted with the liquid medium during polishing.
- the plural-liquid type polishing liquid set may be stored as a storage liquid for slurry and a storage liquid for additive liquid in which the content of the liquid medium is reduced, and may be used after being diluted with the liquid medium during polishing.
- the polishing method according to the present embodiment (such as a method for polishing a substrate) includes a polishing step of polishing a surface to be polished (such as a surface to be polished of a substrate) using the slurry.
- the slurry in the polishing step may be a polishing liquid obtained by mixing the slurry in the polishing liquid set and the additive liquid.
- the slurry is supplied between the material to be polished and the polishing pad while the material to be polished of the substrate having the material to be polished is pressed against a polishing pad (polishing cloth) of a polishing platen.
- the substrate and the polishing platen are relatively moved to polish the surface to be polished of the material to be polished.
- at least a part of the material to be polished is removed by polishing.
- the substrate to be polished includes a substrate to be polished and the like.
- the substrate to be polished include a substrate in which a material to be polished is formed on a substrate (for example, a semiconductor substrate on which an STI pattern, a gate pattern, a wiring pattern, and the like are formed) for manufacturing a semiconductor element.
- the material to be polished include an insulating material such as silicon oxide.
- the material to be polished may be a single material or a plurality of materials. When a plurality of materials are exposed on the surface to be polished, they can be regarded as the materials to be polished.
- the material to be polished may be a film (a film to be polished) or an insulating film such as a silicon oxide film.
- a material to be polished (for example, an insulating material such as silicon oxide) formed on such a substrate is polished with the slurry, and an excess portion is removed, so that unevenness on the surface of the material to be polished is eliminated.
- a smooth surface can be obtained over the entire surface of the polishing material.
- a general polishing apparatus having a holder capable of holding a substrate having a surface to be polished and a polishing platen to which a polishing pad can be attached can be used as the polishing apparatus.
- Each of the holder and the polishing table is provided with a motor or the like whose rotation speed can be changed.
- a polishing apparatus for example, a polishing apparatus: F-REX300 manufactured by Ebara Corporation or a polishing apparatus: MIRRA manufactured by APPLIED @ MATERIALS can be used.
- polishing pad a general nonwoven fabric, foam, non-foam, or the like can be used.
- material of the polishing pad include polyurethane, acrylic resin, polyester, acrylic-ester copolymer, polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, poly4-methylpentene, cellulose, cellulose ester, polyamide (eg, nylon (trade name)) And aramid), polyimide, polyimide amide, polysiloxane copolymer, oxirane compound, phenol resin, polystyrene, polycarbonate, epoxy resin and the like.
- the material of the polishing pad is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of foamed polyurethane and non-foamed polyurethane, particularly from the viewpoint of further improving the polishing rate and flatness.
- the polishing pad is preferably provided with a groove processing for accumulating slurry.
- the slurry and the polishing method according to the present embodiment are preferably used for polishing a surface to be polished including silicon oxide.
- the slurry and polishing method according to the present embodiment can be suitably used for forming STI and high-speed polishing of an interlayer insulating material.
- the lower limit of the polishing rate of the insulating material is preferably 360 nm / min or more, more preferably 400 nm / min or more, further preferably 450 nm / min or more, and particularly preferably 500 nm / min or more.
- This embodiment can also be used for polishing a premetal insulating material.
- the premetal insulating material include silicon oxide, phosphorus-silicate glass, boron-phosphorus-silicate glass, silicon oxyfluoride, and amorphous carbon fluoride.
- This embodiment can be applied to materials other than insulating materials such as silicon oxide.
- materials include high dielectric constant materials such as Hf-based, Ti-based, and Ta-based oxides; semiconductor materials such as silicon, amorphous silicon, SiC, SiGe, Ge, GaN, GaP, GaAs, and organic semiconductors; and GeSbTe. Phase change materials; inorganic conductive materials such as ITO; and polymer resin materials such as polyimide, polybenzoxazole, acrylic, epoxy, and phenol.
- the present embodiment is applicable not only to a film-shaped polishing target but also to various substrates made of glass, silicon, SiC, SiGe, Ge, GaN, GaP, GaAs, sapphire, plastic, or the like.
- This embodiment is applicable not only to the manufacture of semiconductor elements, but also to image display devices such as TFTs and organic ELs; optical components such as photomasks, lenses, prisms, optical fibers, and single-crystal scintillators; A light-emitting element such as a solid-state laser or a blue laser LED; and a light-emitting element such as a magnetic disk or a magnetic head.
- image display devices such as TFTs and organic ELs
- optical components such as photomasks, lenses, prisms, optical fibers, and single-crystal scintillators
- a light-emitting element such as a solid-state laser or a blue laser LED
- a light-emitting element such as a magnetic disk or a magnetic head.
- a method for producing abrasive grains including a step of bringing first particles containing a cerium oxide into contact with second particles containing a cerium compound.
- a slurry manufacturing method including a step of obtaining abrasive grains by the abrasive grain manufacturing method.
- cerium oxide particles Particles containing cerium oxide (first particles; hereinafter, referred to as “cerium oxide particles”) mixed with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (molecular weight: 97.99) manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- a cerium oxide slurry (pH: 7) containing 5.0% by mass (solid content) of cerium oxide particles was prepared.
- the amount of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate was adjusted to 1% by mass based on the total amount of cerium oxide particles.
- cerium oxide slurry An appropriate amount of cerium oxide slurry was charged into Beckman Coulter Co., Ltd. trade name: DelsaNano @ C, and the measurement was performed twice at 25 ° C. The average value of the indicated zeta potential was obtained as the zeta potential.
- the zeta potential of the cerium oxide particles in the cerium oxide slurry was -55 mV.
- the obtained precipitate (precipitate containing cerium hydroxide) was centrifuged (4000 min -1 , 5 minutes), and then the liquid phase was removed by decantation to perform solid-liquid separation. After mixing 10 g of the particles obtained by the solid-liquid separation and 990 g of water, the particles are dispersed in water using an ultrasonic cleaner, and the particles containing cerium hydroxide (second particles; hereinafter, referred to as “second particles”). A cerium hydroxide slurry containing “cerium hydroxide particles” (particle content: 1.0% by mass) was prepared.
- the average particle size (average secondary particle size) of the cerium hydroxide particles in the cerium hydroxide slurry was measured using a trade name: N5 manufactured by Beckman Coulter KK and found to be 10 nm.
- the measuring method is as follows. First, about 1 mL of a measurement sample (cerium hydroxide slurry; aqueous dispersion) containing 1.0% by mass of cerium hydroxide particles was placed in a 1 cm square cell, and then the cell was placed in N5.
- the refractive index of the measurement sample information of N5 software was set to 1.333, the viscosity was set to 0.887 mPa ⁇ s, the measurement was performed at 25 ° C., and the value indicated as Unimodal Size Mean was read.
- the cerium hydroxide particles at least partially contained particles having nitrate ions bonded to the cerium element. Further, since the particles having hydroxide ions bonded to the cerium element are contained in at least a part of the cerium hydroxide particles, it was confirmed that the cerium hydroxide particles contained cerium hydroxide. From these results, it was confirmed that the cerium hydroxide contained hydroxide ions bonded to the cerium element.
- Example 1 While stirring at a rotation speed of 300 rpm using a two-blade stirring blade, 30 g of the cerium hydroxide slurry and 1930 g of ion-exchanged water were mixed to obtain a mixed solution. Subsequently, 40 g of the cerium oxide slurry was mixed with the mixture while stirring the mixture, and the mixture was irradiated with ultrasonic waves using an ultrasonic cleaning machine (device name: US-105) manufactured by SND Corporation. While stirring.
- an ultrasonic cleaning machine device name: US-105
- a test slurry containing a composite particle containing cerium oxide particles and cerium hydroxide particles in contact with the cerium oxide particles (cerium oxide particle content: 0.1% by mass, cerium oxide particles (Content of hydroxide particles: 0.015% by mass, pH: 3.9, average particle size of abrasive grains: 155 nm).
- Example 2 35 g of the cerium hydroxide slurry and 1925 g of ion-exchanged water were mixed while stirring at a rotation speed of 300 rpm using two stirring blades to obtain a mixed solution. Subsequently, 40 g of the cerium oxide slurry was mixed with the mixture while stirring the mixture, and the mixture was irradiated with ultrasonic waves using an ultrasonic cleaning machine (device name: US-105) manufactured by SND Corporation. While stirring.
- an ultrasonic cleaning machine device name: US-105
- a test slurry containing a composite particle containing cerium oxide particles and cerium hydroxide particles in contact with the cerium oxide particles (cerium oxide particle content: 0.1% by mass, cerium oxide particles (Content of hydroxide particles: 0.0175% by mass, pH: 4.0, average particle size of abrasive grains: 155 nm) was prepared.
- Example 3 While stirring at a rotation speed of 300 rpm using two stirring blades, 40 g of the cerium hydroxide slurry and 1920 g of ion-exchanged water were mixed to obtain a mixed solution. Subsequently, 40 g of the cerium oxide slurry was mixed with the mixture while stirring the mixture, and the mixture was irradiated with ultrasonic waves using an ultrasonic cleaning machine (device name: US-105) manufactured by SND Corporation. While stirring.
- an ultrasonic cleaning machine device name: US-105
- Example 4 50 g of the cerium hydroxide slurry and 1910 g of ion-exchanged water were mixed while stirring at a rotation speed of 300 rpm using two stirring blades to obtain a mixed solution. Subsequently, 40 g of the cerium oxide slurry was mixed with the mixture while stirring the mixture, and the mixture was irradiated with ultrasonic waves using an ultrasonic cleaning machine (device name: US-105) manufactured by SND Corporation. While stirring.
- an ultrasonic cleaning machine device name: US-105
- a test slurry containing a composite particle containing cerium oxide particles and cerium hydroxide particles in contact with the cerium oxide particles (cerium oxide particle content: 0.1% by mass, cerium oxide particles (Content of hydroxide particles: 0.025% by mass, pH: 4.3, average particle size of abrasive grains: 155 nm).
- Example 5 The cerium hydroxide slurry (70 g) and ion-exchanged water (1890 g) were mixed while stirring at a rotation speed of 300 rpm using a two-blade stirring blade to obtain a mixed solution. Subsequently, 40 g of the cerium oxide slurry was mixed with the mixture while stirring the mixture, and the mixture was irradiated with ultrasonic waves using an ultrasonic cleaning machine (device name: US-105) manufactured by SND Corporation. While stirring.
- an ultrasonic cleaning machine device name: US-105
- a test slurry containing a composite particle containing cerium oxide particles and cerium hydroxide particles in contact with the cerium oxide particles (cerium oxide particle content: 0.1% by mass, cerium oxide particles (Content of hydroxide particles: 0.035% by mass, pH: 4.5, average particle size of abrasive grains: 155 nm) was prepared.
- Example 6 20 g of the cerium hydroxide slurry, 60 g of ion-exchanged water, and 20 g of the cerium oxide slurry were sequentially added to a cylindrical container containing 1 mm-diameter zirconia beads to obtain a mixed solution. Subsequently, the mixture was placed on a mix rotor (device name: MR-5) manufactured by AS ONE Corporation and stirred at 100 rpm. After that, 900 g of ion-exchanged water was added, followed by stirring.
- MR-5 mix rotor manufactured by AS ONE Corporation
- Example 7 25 g of the cerium hydroxide slurry, 55 g of ion-exchanged water, and 20 g of the cerium oxide slurry were sequentially added to a cylindrical container containing zirconia beads having a diameter of 1 mm to obtain a mixed solution. Subsequently, the mixture was placed on a mix rotor (device name: MR-5) manufactured by AS ONE Corporation and stirred at 100 rpm. After that, 900 g of ion-exchanged water was added, followed by stirring.
- MR-5 mix rotor manufactured by AS ONE Corporation
- a test slurry containing a composite particle containing cerium oxide particles and cerium hydroxide particles in contact with the cerium oxide particles (cerium oxide particle content: 0.1% by mass, cerium oxide particles (Content of hydroxide particles: 0.025% by mass, pH: 4.3, average particle size of abrasive grains: 155 nm).
- Example 8 30 g of the cerium hydroxide slurry, 50 g of ion-exchanged water, and 20 g of the cerium oxide slurry were sequentially added to a cylindrical container containing zirconia beads having a diameter of 1 mm to obtain a mixed solution. Subsequently, the mixture was placed on a mix rotor (device name: MR-5) manufactured by AS ONE Corporation and stirred at 100 rpm. After that, 900 g of ion-exchanged water was added, followed by stirring.
- MR-5 mix rotor manufactured by AS ONE Corporation
- a test slurry containing a composite particle containing cerium oxide particles and cerium hydroxide particles in contact with the cerium oxide particles (cerium oxide particle content: 0.1% by mass, cerium oxide particles (Content of hydroxide particles: 0.035% by mass, pH: 4.4, average particle size of abrasive grains: 155 nm).
- a test slurry containing a composite particle containing cerium oxide particles and cerium hydroxide particles in contact with the cerium oxide particles (cerium oxide particle content: 0.1% by mass, cerium oxide particles (Content of hydroxide particles: 0.01% by mass, pH: 4.1, average particle size of abrasive grains: 220 nm) was prepared.
- the average particle size of the above-mentioned abrasive grains was obtained by putting an appropriate amount of each test slurry into Microtrac MT3300EXII (trade name, manufactured by Microtrac Bell Co., Ltd.). The indicated average particle size value was obtained as the average particle size of the abrasive grains (average secondary particle size).
- a test liquid was prepared by adjusting the content (total amount of particles) of the abrasive grains in the test slurry to 0.1% by mass (diluted with ion-exchanged water). 7.5 g of the test solution is put in a centrifuge (trade name: Optima MAX-TL) manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc., and treated for 5 minutes at a centrifugal acceleration of 5.8 ⁇ 10 4 G (58148G) and a set temperature of 25 ° C. To obtain a supernatant.
- a test liquid was prepared by adjusting the content (total amount of particles) of the abrasive grains in the test slurry to 0.1% by mass (diluted with ion-exchanged water). After a precipitate was obtained by subjecting each test solution to centrifugation under the following conditions, the precipitate was vacuum-dried under the following conditions to collect a solid phase for measuring the BET specific surface area.
- Apparatus Centrifuge manufactured by Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd. (trade name: himac CR7) Separation conditions: centrifugal acceleration 1.1 ⁇ 10 4 G for 60 minutes
- Equipment Vacuum dryer manufactured by Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd. (Product name: Standard type ADP200) Drying conditions: 24 hours at room temperature
- the BET specific surface area of the solid phase was measured under the following conditions using a specific surface area / pore diameter analyzer (trade name: QUADRASORB Evo) manufactured by Quantachrome. The average of the two measurements was obtained as the BET specific surface area of the solid phase. Table 1 shows the measurement results.
- Pretreatment vacuum degassing (100 ° C, 2 hours)
- Measurement method Constant volume method
- Adsorption gas Nitrogen gas Measurement temperature: 77.35K (-195.8 ° C)
- Measurement cell size 1.5cm 3
- Analysis item Specific surface area by BET multipoint method Number of measurements: Measured twice with different samples
- ⁇ CMP evaluation> The content of abrasive grains (total amount of particles) in the test slurry was adjusted to 0.1% by mass (diluted with ion-exchanged water) to obtain a CMP polishing liquid.
- the substrate to be polished was polished under the following polishing conditions using the CMP polishing liquid.
- the values of the pH and the average particle size of the abrasive grains in the CMP polishing liquid were equivalent to the values of the test slurry described above.
- Polishing device MIRRA (manufactured by APPLIED MATERIALS) Flow rate of CMP polishing liquid: 200 mL / min Substrate to be Polished: As a blanket wafer on which no pattern was formed, a substrate to be polished having a silicon oxide film (TEOS film) with a thickness of 2 ⁇ m formed by a plasma CVD method on a silicon substrate was used.
- TEOS film silicon oxide film
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Abstract
Description
本明細書において、「~」を用いて示された数値範囲は、「~」の前後に記載される数値をそれぞれ最小値及び最大値として含む範囲を示す。本明細書に段階的に記載されている数値範囲において、ある段階の数値範囲の上限値又は下限値は、他の段階の数値範囲の上限値又は下限値と任意に組み合わせることができる。本明細書に記載されている数値範囲において、その数値範囲の上限値又は下限値は、実施例に示されている値に置き換えてもよい。「A又はB」とは、A及びBのどちらか一方を含んでいればよく、両方とも含んでいてもよい。本明細書に例示する材料は、特に断らない限り、1種を単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。本明細書において、組成物中の各成分の含有量は、組成物中に各成分に該当する物質が複数存在する場合、特に断らない限り、組成物中に存在する当該複数の物質の合計量を意味する。「工程」との語は、独立した工程だけではなく、他の工程と明確に区別できない場合であってもその工程の所期の作用が達成されれば、本用語に含まれる。
本実施形態に係るスラリは、必須成分として砥粒と液状媒体とを含有する。本実施形態に係るスラリは、例えば、研磨液(CMP研磨液)として用いることができる。本明細書において、「研磨液」(polishing liquid、abrasive)とは、研磨時に被研磨面に触れる組成物として定義される。「研磨液」という語句自体は、研磨液に含有される成分を何ら限定しない。
セリウム酸化物を含有すると共に、第2の粒子よりも大きい粒径を有する第1の粒子は、第2の粒子と比較して、絶縁材料に対する機械的作用(メカニカル性)が強い。一方、セリウム化合物を含有すると共に、第1の粒子よりも小さい粒径を有する第2の粒子は、第1の粒子と比較して、絶縁材料に対する機械的作用は小さいものの、粒子全体における比表面積(単位質量当たりの表面積)が大きいため、絶縁材料に対する化学的作用(ケミカル性)が強い。このように、機械的作用が強い第1の粒子と、化学的作用が強い第2の粒子と、を併用することにより研磨速度向上の相乗効果が得られやすい。
さらに、本実施形態では、遠心分離により得られる固相のBET比表面積が40m2/g以上である。この場合、固相として回収される砥粒が高い比表面積を有するため、砥粒と絶縁材料との上述の相互作用が強いことから研磨速度が向上しやすい。
以上により、本実施形態に係るスラリを用いることにより絶縁材料の研磨速度を向上させることができると推察される。
前処理:真空脱気(100℃、2時間)
測定方式:定容法
吸着ガス:窒素ガス
測定温度:77.35K(-195.8℃)
測定セルサイズ:1.5cm3
測定項目:P/P0の値を0~0.3の範囲で変化させて数点を測定
解析項目:BET多点法による比表面積
測定回数:試料を変えて2回測定
[遠心分離条件]
装置:日立工機株式会社製の遠心分離機(商品名:himac CR7)
分離条件:遠心加速度1.1×104Gで60分
[真空乾燥条件]
装置:ヤマト科学株式会社製の真空乾燥機(商品名:スタンダードタイプADP200)
乾燥条件:室温(25℃)で24時間
本実施形態に係るスラリの砥粒は、上述のとおり、第1の粒子と、当該第1の粒子に接触した第2の粒子と、を含む複合粒子を含有する。第2の粒子の粒径は、第1の粒子の粒径よりも小さい。第1の粒子及び第2の粒子の粒径の大小関係は、複合粒子のSEM画像等から判別することができる。
吸光度 =-LOG10(光透過率[%]/100)
液状媒体としては、特に制限はないが、脱イオン水、超純水等の水が好ましい。液状媒体の含有量は、他の構成成分の含有量を除いたスラリの残部でよく、特に限定されない。
本実施形態に係るスラリは、研磨特性を調整する等の目的で、任意の添加剤を更に含有していてもよい。任意の添加剤としては、カルボキシル基を有する材料(ポリオキシアルキレン化合物又は水溶性高分子に該当する化合物を除く)、ポリオキシアルキレン化合物、水溶性高分子、酸化剤(例えば過酸化水素)、分散剤(例えばリン酸系無機塩)等が挙げられる。添加剤のそれぞれは、一種を単独で又は二種以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。
砥粒の含有量が0.1質量%である場合において、本実施形態に係るスラリを遠心加速度5.8×104Gで5分間遠心分離したときに得られる液相(上澄み液)における波長380nmの光に対する吸光度は0を超えることが好ましい。これにより、絶縁材料の研磨速度を更に向上させることができる。このように絶縁材料の研磨速度が向上する理由としては、例えば、下記の理由が挙げられる。但し、理由は下記に限定されない。
本実施形態に係る研磨方法(基体の研磨方法等)は、前記スラリを用いて被研磨面(基体の被研磨面等)を研磨する研磨工程を備えている。研磨工程におけるスラリは、前記研磨液セットにおけるスラリと添加液とを混合して得られる研磨液であってもよい。
セリウム酸化物を含む粒子(第1の粒子。以下、「セリウム酸化物粒子」という)と、和光純薬工業株式会社製の商品名:リン酸二水素アンモニウム(分子量:97.99)とを混合して、セリウム酸化物粒子を5.0質量%(固形分含量)含有するセリウム酸化物スラリ(pH:7)を調製した。リン酸二水素アンモニウムの配合量は、セリウム酸化物粒子の全量を基準として1質量%に調整した。
(セリウム水酸化物の合成)
480gのCe(NH4)2(NO3)650質量%水溶液(日本化学産業株式会社製、商品名:CAN50液)を7450gの純水と混合して溶液を得た。次いで、この溶液を撹拌しながら、750gのイミダゾール水溶液(10質量%水溶液、1.47mol/L)を5mL/minの混合速度で滴下して、セリウム水酸化物を含む沈殿物を得た。セリウム水酸化物の合成は、温度20℃、撹拌速度500min-1で行った。撹拌は、羽根部全長5cmの3枚羽根ピッチパドルを用いて行った。
ベックマン・コールター株式会社製、商品名:N5を用いてセリウム水酸化物スラリにおけるセリウム水酸化物粒子の平均粒径(平均二次粒径)を測定したところ、10nmであった。測定法は次のとおりである。まず、1.0質量%のセリウム水酸化物粒子を含む測定サンプル(セリウム水酸化物スラリ。水分散液)を1cm角のセルに約1mL入れた後、N5内にセルを設置した。N5のソフトの測定サンプル情報の屈折率を1.333、粘度を0.887mPa・sに設定し、25℃において測定を行い、Unimodal Size Meanとして表示される値を読み取った。
ベックマン・コールター株式会社製の商品名:DelsaNano C内に適量のセリウム水酸化物スラリを投入し、25℃において測定を2回行った。表示されたゼータ電位の平均値をゼータ電位として得た。セリウム水酸化物スラリにおけるセリウム水酸化物粒子のゼータ電位は+50mVであった。
セリウム水酸化物スラリを適量採取し、真空乾燥してセリウム水酸化物粒子を単離した後に、純水で充分に洗浄して試料を得た。得られた試料について、FT-IR ATR法による測定を行ったところ、水酸化物イオン(OH-)に基づくピークの他に、硝酸イオン(NO3 -)に基づくピークが観測された。また、同試料について、窒素に対するXPS(N-XPS)測定を行ったところ、NH4 +に基づくピークは観測されず、硝酸イオンに基づくピークが観測された。これらの結果より、セリウム水酸化物粒子は、セリウム元素に結合した硝酸イオンを有する粒子を少なくとも一部含有することが確認された。また、セリウム元素に結合した水酸化物イオンを有する粒子がセリウム水酸化物粒子の少なくとも一部に含有されることから、セリウム水酸化物粒子がセリウム水酸化物を含有することが確認された。これらの結果より、セリウムの水酸化物が、セリウム元素に結合した水酸化物イオンを含むことが確認された。
(実施例1)
2枚羽根の撹拌羽根を用いて300rpmの回転数で撹拌しながら、前記セリウム水酸化物スラリ30gと、イオン交換水1930gとを混合して混合液を得た。続いて、前記混合液を撹拌しながら前記セリウム酸化物スラリ40gを前記混合液に混合した後、株式会社エスエヌディ製の超音波洗浄機(装置名:US-105)を用いて超音波を照射しながら撹拌した。これにより、セリウム酸化物粒子と、当該セリウム酸化物粒子に接触したセリウム水酸化物粒子と、を含む複合粒子を含有する試験用スラリ(セリウム酸化物粒子の含有量:0.1質量%、セリウム水酸化物粒子の含有量:0.015質量%、pH:3.9、砥粒の平均粒径:155nm)を調製した。
2枚羽根の撹拌羽根を用いて300rpmの回転数で撹拌しながら、前記セリウム水酸化物スラリ35gと、イオン交換水1925gとを混合して混合液を得た。続いて、前記混合液を撹拌しながら前記セリウム酸化物スラリ40gを前記混合液に混合した後、株式会社エスエヌディ製の超音波洗浄機(装置名:US-105)を用いて超音波を照射しながら撹拌した。これにより、セリウム酸化物粒子と、当該セリウム酸化物粒子に接触したセリウム水酸化物粒子と、を含む複合粒子を含有する試験用スラリ(セリウム酸化物粒子の含有量:0.1質量%、セリウム水酸化物粒子の含有量:0.0175質量%、pH:4.0、砥粒の平均粒径:155nm)を調製した。
2枚羽根の撹拌羽根を用いて300rpmの回転数で撹拌しながら、前記セリウム水酸化物スラリ40gと、イオン交換水1920gとを混合して混合液を得た。続いて、前記混合液を撹拌しながら前記セリウム酸化物スラリ40gを前記混合液に混合した後、株式会社エスエヌディ製の超音波洗浄機(装置名:US-105)を用いて超音波を照射しながら撹拌した。これにより、セリウム酸化物粒子と、当該セリウム酸化物粒子に接触したセリウム水酸化物粒子と、を含む複合粒子を含有する試験用スラリ(セリウム酸化物粒子の含有量:0.1質量%、セリウム水酸化物粒子の含有量:0.02質量%、pH:4.1、砥粒の平均粒径:155nm)を調製した。
2枚羽根の撹拌羽根を用いて300rpmの回転数で撹拌しながら、前記セリウム水酸化物スラリ50gと、イオン交換水1910gとを混合して混合液を得た。続いて、前記混合液を撹拌しながら前記セリウム酸化物スラリ40gを前記混合液に混合した後、株式会社エスエヌディ製の超音波洗浄機(装置名:US-105)を用いて超音波を照射しながら撹拌した。これにより、セリウム酸化物粒子と、当該セリウム酸化物粒子に接触したセリウム水酸化物粒子と、を含む複合粒子を含有する試験用スラリ(セリウム酸化物粒子の含有量:0.1質量%、セリウム水酸化物粒子の含有量:0.025質量%、pH:4.3、砥粒の平均粒径:155nm)を調製した。
2枚羽根の撹拌羽根を用いて300rpmの回転数で撹拌しながら、前記セリウム水酸化物スラリ70gと、イオン交換水1890gとを混合して混合液を得た。続いて、前記混合液を撹拌しながら前記セリウム酸化物スラリ40gを前記混合液に混合した後、株式会社エスエヌディ製の超音波洗浄機(装置名:US-105)を用いて超音波を照射しながら撹拌した。これにより、セリウム酸化物粒子と、当該セリウム酸化物粒子に接触したセリウム水酸化物粒子と、を含む複合粒子を含有する試験用スラリ(セリウム酸化物粒子の含有量:0.1質量%、セリウム水酸化物粒子の含有量:0.035質量%、pH:4.5、砥粒の平均粒径:155nm)を調製した。
1mm径のジルコニア製ビーズが入った円筒形状の容器に前記セリウム水酸化物スラリ20g、イオン交換水60g、及び、前記セリウム酸化物スラリ20gを順次添加して混合液を得た。続いて、前記混合液をアズワン株式会社製のミックスローター(装置名:MR-5)上に設置して100rpmで撹拌した。その後、イオン交換水900gを添加した後に撹拌した。これにより、セリウム酸化物粒子と、当該セリウム酸化物粒子に接触したセリウム水酸化物粒子と、を含む複合粒子を含有する試験用スラリ(セリウム酸化物粒子の含有量:0.1質量%、セリウム水酸化物粒子の含有量:0.02質量%、pH:4.1、砥粒の平均粒径:155nm)を調製した。
1mm径のジルコニア製ビーズが入った円筒形状の容器に前記セリウム水酸化物スラリ25g、イオン交換水55g、及び、前記セリウム酸化物スラリ20gを順次添加して混合液を得た。続いて、前記混合液をアズワン株式会社製のミックスローター(装置名:MR-5)上に設置して100rpmで撹拌した。その後、イオン交換水900gを添加した後に撹拌した。これにより、セリウム酸化物粒子と、当該セリウム酸化物粒子に接触したセリウム水酸化物粒子と、を含む複合粒子を含有する試験用スラリ(セリウム酸化物粒子の含有量:0.1質量%、セリウム水酸化物粒子の含有量:0.025質量%、pH:4.3、砥粒の平均粒径:155nm)を調製した。
1mm径のジルコニア製ビーズが入った円筒形状の容器に前記セリウム水酸化物スラリ30g、イオン交換水50g、及び、前記セリウム酸化物スラリ20gを順次添加して混合液を得た。続いて、前記混合液をアズワン株式会社製のミックスローター(装置名:MR-5)上に設置して100rpmで撹拌した。その後、イオン交換水900gを添加した後に撹拌した。これにより、セリウム酸化物粒子と、当該セリウム酸化物粒子に接触したセリウム水酸化物粒子と、を含む複合粒子を含有する試験用スラリ(セリウム酸化物粒子の含有量:0.1質量%、セリウム水酸化物粒子の含有量:0.035質量%、pH:4.4、砥粒の平均粒径:155nm)を調製した。
2枚羽根の撹拌羽根を用いて300rpmの回転数で撹拌しながら、前記セリウム水酸化物スラリ20gと、イオン交換水1940gとを混合して混合液を得た。続いて、前記混合液を撹拌しながら前記セリウム酸化物スラリ40gを前記混合液に混合した後、株式会社エスエヌディ製の超音波洗浄機(装置名:US-105)を用いて超音波を照射しながら撹拌した。これにより、セリウム酸化物粒子と、当該セリウム酸化物粒子に接触したセリウム水酸化物粒子と、を含む複合粒子を含有する試験用スラリ(セリウム酸化物粒子の含有量:0.1質量%、セリウム水酸化物粒子の含有量:0.01質量%、pH:4.1、砥粒の平均粒径:220nm)を調製した。
2枚羽根の撹拌羽根を用いて300rpmの回転数で撹拌しながら前記セリウム酸化物スラリ40gとイオン交換水1960gとを混合した後、株式会社エスエヌディ製の超音波洗浄機(装置名:US-105)を用いて超音波を照射しながら撹拌した。これにより、セリウム酸化物粒子を含有する試験用スラリ(セリウム酸化物粒子の含有量:0.1質量%、pH:7.0、砥粒の平均粒径:145nm)を調製した。
2枚羽根の撹拌羽根を用いて300rpmの回転数で撹拌しながら前記セリウム水酸化物スラリ200gとイオン交換水1800gとを混合した後、株式会社エスエヌディ製の超音波洗浄機(装置名:US-105)を用いて超音波を照射しながら撹拌した。これにより、セリウム水酸化物粒子を含有する試験用スラリ(セリウム水酸化物粒子の含有量:0.1質量%、pH:4.0、砥粒の平均粒径:10nm)を調製した。
各試験用スラリの上述のpHは、東亜ディーケーケー株式会社製の型番PHL-40を用いて測定した。
マイクロトラック・ベル株式会社製の商品名:マイクロトラックMT3300EXII内に各試験用スラリを適量投入して測定を行うことにより、上述の砥粒の平均粒径を得た。表示された平均粒径値を砥粒の平均粒径(平均二次粒径)として得た。
前記試験用スラリにおける砥粒の含有量(粒子の合計量)を0.1質量%に調整(イオン交換水で希釈)して試験液を調製した。試験液7.5gをベックマン・コールター株式会社製の遠心分離機(商品名:Optima MAX-TL)に入れ、遠心加速度5.8×104G(58148G)、設定温度25℃で5分間処理して上澄み液を得た。
前記試験用スラリにおける砥粒の含有量(粒子の合計量)を0.1質量%に調整(イオン交換水で希釈)して試験液を調製した。各試験液に対して下記条件の遠心分離を施すことにより沈殿物を得た後、下記条件で沈殿物を真空乾燥することにより、BET比表面積を測定するための固相を回収した。
[遠心分離条件]
装置:日立工機株式会社製の遠心分離機(商品名:himac CR7)
分離条件:遠心加速度1.1×104Gで60分
[真空乾燥条件]
装置:ヤマト科学株式会社製の真空乾燥機(商品名:スタンダードタイプADP200)
乾燥条件:室温で24時間
前処理:真空脱気(100℃、2時間)
測定方式:定容法
吸着ガス:窒素ガス
測定温度:77.35K(-195.8℃)
測定セルサイズ:1.5cm3
測定項目:P/P0=0~0.3の吸着側数点
解析項目:BET多点法による比表面積
測定回数:試料を変えて2回測定
前記試験用スラリにおける砥粒の含有量(粒子の合計量)を0.1質量%に調整(イオン交換水で希釈)してCMP研磨液を得た。このCMP研磨液を用いて下記研磨条件で被研磨基板を研磨した。CMP研磨液におけるpH及び砥粒の平均粒径の値は、上述の試験用スラリの値と同等であった。
[CMP研磨条件]
研磨装置:MIRRA(APPLIED MATERIALS社製)
CMP研磨液の流量:200mL/min
被研磨基板:パターンが形成されていないブランケットウエハとして、プラズマCVD法で形成された厚さ2μmの酸化珪素膜(TEOS膜)をシリコン基板上に有する被研磨基板を用いた。
研磨パッド:独立気泡を有する発泡ポリウレタン樹脂(ダウ・ケミカル日本株式会社製、型番IC1010)
研磨圧力:13kPa(2.0psi)
被研磨基板及び研磨定盤の回転数:被研磨基板/研磨定盤=93/87rpm
研磨時間:1分(60秒)
ウエハの洗浄:CMP処理後、超音波を印加しながら水で洗浄し、さらに、スピンドライヤで乾燥させた。
研磨速度(RR)=(研磨前後での酸化珪素膜の膜厚差[nm])/(研磨時間:1[min])
Claims (6)
- 砥粒と、液状媒体と、を含有するスラリであって、
前記砥粒が、第1の粒子と、当該第1の粒子に接触した第2の粒子と、を含み、
前記第2の粒子の粒径が第1の粒子の粒径よりも小さく、
前記第1の粒子がセリウム酸化物を含有し、
前記第2の粒子がセリウム化合物を含有し、
前記砥粒の含有量が0.1質量%である場合において遠心加速度1.1×104Gで60分間前記スラリを遠心分離したときに得られる固相のBET比表面積が40m2/g以上である、スラリ。 - 前記砥粒の含有量が0.1質量%である場合において遠心加速度5.8×104Gで5分間前記スラリを遠心分離したときに得られる液相における波長380nmの光に対する吸光度が0を超える、請求項1に記載のスラリ。
- 前記セリウム化合物がセリウム水酸化物を含む、請求項1又は2に記載のスラリ。
- 前記砥粒の含有量が0.01~10質量%である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のスラリ。
- 酸化珪素を含む被研磨面を研磨するために使用される、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のスラリ。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のスラリを用いて被研磨面を研磨する工程を備える、研磨方法。
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