WO2019167254A1 - 半導体装置及び半導体装置の製造方法 - Google Patents

半導体装置及び半導体装置の製造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019167254A1
WO2019167254A1 PCT/JP2018/008019 JP2018008019W WO2019167254A1 WO 2019167254 A1 WO2019167254 A1 WO 2019167254A1 JP 2018008019 W JP2018008019 W JP 2018008019W WO 2019167254 A1 WO2019167254 A1 WO 2019167254A1
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Prior art keywords
electrode
solder
semiconductor chip
semiconductor device
connection piece
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PCT/JP2018/008019
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
政雄 中川
桑野 亮司
洋平 篠竹
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新電元工業株式会社
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Application filed by 新電元工業株式会社 filed Critical 新電元工業株式会社
Priority to CN201880087106.6A priority Critical patent/CN111630644B/zh
Priority to PCT/JP2018/008019 priority patent/WO2019167254A1/ja
Priority to JP2019506747A priority patent/JP6619120B1/ja
Priority to NL2022620A priority patent/NL2022620B1/en
Publication of WO2019167254A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019167254A1/ja

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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    • H01L24/26Layer connectors, e.g. plate connectors, solder or adhesive layers; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L24/31Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors after the connecting process
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    • H01L24/42Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L24/47Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
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    • H01L24/42Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L24/47Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
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    • H01L24/80Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected
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    • H01L2924/181Encapsulation
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    • H01L2924/37001Yield

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a semiconductor device and a method for manufacturing the semiconductor device.
  • Patent Document 1 a semiconductor device in which a semiconductor chip and a lead are joined via solder is known (for example, refer to Patent Document 1).
  • a conventional semiconductor device 900 described in Patent Document 1 includes a substrate 910 having a semiconductor chip placement surface 912, a surface disposed on the semiconductor chip placement surface 912, and facing the semiconductor chip placement surface 912.
  • the electrode connection piece 932 is bonded to the emitter electrode 924 via the solder 940, that is, the semiconductor chip 920 and the lead 930 are connected only via the solder 940. Since the semiconductor device 900 is directly connected (without an intervening member such as a wire), the semiconductor device 900 has a large current capacity and is a semiconductor device suitable for an electronic device (for example, a power source) that uses a large current. In the conventional semiconductor device 900 described in Patent Document 1, a paste-like solder material is used to form solder.
  • the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device whose reliability is hardly lowered. Moreover, it aims at providing the manufacturing method of the semiconductor device which manufactures such a semiconductor device.
  • a semiconductor device includes a substrate having a semiconductor chip arrangement surface, and a main electrode disposed on the semiconductor chip arrangement surface and on a surface opposite to the surface facing the semiconductor chip arrangement surface. And a semiconductor chip having a control electrode formed at a position separated from the main electrode, and a lead having an electrode connection piece at least partially joined to the main electrode via solder, the electrode connection piece Is a control electrode between the edge on the control electrode side of the joint surface with the solder in the electrode connection piece and the control electrode in a plan view, or on the joint surface with the solder in the electrode connection piece It has a convex portion protruding toward the semiconductor chip side at a position in contact with the side edge portion.
  • the convex portion is disposed in a region where the semiconductor chip is disposed in a plan view.
  • the convex portion is not in contact with the semiconductor chip.
  • the convex portion reaches the control electrode by the solder ball scattered from the side surface of the solder in the joining step of joining the main electrode and the electrode connecting piece with the solder. It is preferable that the electrode connection piece is provided in an arrangement configuration that blocks this.
  • the lead be bent toward the semiconductor chip at the convex portion when viewed in cross section.
  • a concave portion corresponding to the convex portion is formed in the electrode connection piece when viewed from the surface opposite to the surface facing the semiconductor chip arrangement surface in the electrode connection piece. It is preferable that
  • the electrode connection piece is disposed so as to cover the entire solder as viewed in a plan view.
  • a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to the present invention is a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to any one of [1] to [7], wherein the substrate has a semiconductor chip arrangement surface.
  • the main electrode and the control electrode formed at a position separated from the main electrode are located on the surface opposite to the surface facing the semiconductor chip arrangement surface.
  • a lead having an electrode connection piece formed with a projecting portion protruding on one surface, and a state in which the main electrode and the electrode connection piece are opposed to each other with a solder material interposed therebetween, and When the convex portion is seen in a plan view, between the control electrode side edge of the joint surface with the solder material in the electrode connection piece and the control electrode, or with the solder material in the electrode connection piece Edge of joint surface on control electrode side
  • the electrode connection piece is, as viewed in plan, between the edge on the gate electrode side of the joint surface with the solder in the electrode connection piece and the gate electrode or in the electrode connection piece. Since the convex part protrudes toward the semiconductor chip side at a position in contact with the edge on the gate electrode side of the bonding surface with the solder, the flux in the solder material rapidly evaporates when reflowing in the bonding process during the manufacturing process Even if the solder or flux is scattered, the scattered solder or flux hits the convex portion, and the convex portion makes it difficult for the solder or flux to adhere to the surface of the control electrode. Therefore, in the subsequent wire bonding step, the bonding strength between the control electrode and the wire is difficult to decrease, and the reliability is difficult to decrease.
  • the electrode connection piece is seen between the control electrode and the edge on the control electrode side of the joint surface with the solder in the electrode connection piece, or between the solder in the electrode connection piece. Since there is a convex part that protrudes toward the semiconductor chip side at a position in contact with the edge on the control electrode side of the joint surface, it is necessary to keep the solder thickness at a certain level or more. Even when the solder or flux scattered from the upper part of the material side is likely to reach far beyond a certain distance, most of the solder or flux scattered from the upper part of the side of the solder material comes into contact with the convex part. Therefore, since solder or flux is less likely to adhere to the surface of the control electrode, the bonding strength between the control electrode and the wire is less likely to be lowered in the subsequent wire bonding step, and the reliability is less likely to be lowered.
  • the lead having the electrode connection piece formed with the protruding portion protruding on one surface is in a state where the main electrode and the electrode connection piece face each other with the solder material interposed therebetween, and
  • the control electrode between the edge on the control electrode side of the joint surface with the solder material in the electrode connection piece and the control electrode or the joint electrode with the solder material in the electrode connection piece An assembly forming step in which the assembly is formed by placing the convex portion protruding toward the semiconductor chip side, and the solder material is melted.
  • the joining step Since it includes a joining step of joining the main electrode and the electrode connecting piece via solder by solidifying later, in the joining step, the flux in the solder material abruptly evaporates and the solder and flux are scattered. Also, scattered solder and solder Box hits the protrusion, solder or flux on the surface of the control electrode by the convex portion is not easily adhere. Accordingly, it is possible to manufacture a semiconductor device in which the bonding strength between the control electrode and the wire is not easily lowered and the reliability is hardly lowered in the subsequent wire bonding step.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a semiconductor device 1 according to a first embodiment.
  • FIG. 1A is a plan view of the semiconductor device 1
  • FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the semiconductor device 1.
  • 1 is an enlarged view of a main part of a semiconductor device 1 according to a first embodiment.
  • 2A is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part of the semiconductor device 1
  • FIG. 2B is an enlarged plan view of the main part of the semiconductor device 1.
  • FIG. 6 is a process diagram of the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 3A is a view showing the substrate preparation step S100
  • FIG. 3B is a view showing the semiconductor chip placement step S200
  • FIG. 3C is a view showing the solder material placement step S310.
  • FIG. 3A is a view showing the substrate preparation step S100
  • FIG. 3B is a view showing the semiconductor chip placement step S200
  • FIG. 3C is a view showing the solder
  • FIG. 6 is a process diagram of the method for manufacturing the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment.
  • 4A is a view showing a lead frame arranging step S320
  • FIG. 4B is a view showing a wire bonding step S500
  • FIG. 4C is a view showing a resin sealing step S600.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a semiconductor device 2 according to a second embodiment.
  • FIG. 5A is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the semiconductor device 2
  • FIG. 5B is an enlarged plan view of a main part of the semiconductor device 2.
  • 10 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part of a semiconductor device 3 according to Modification 1.
  • FIG. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a semiconductor device 4 according to Modification 2.
  • FIG. 7A is a perspective view of the semiconductor device 2
  • FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 7A
  • FIG. 7C is a cross-sectional view taken along line CC in FIG. It is sectional drawing. It is sectional drawing which shows the conventional semiconductor device 900.
  • reference numeral 946 indicates solder
  • reference numerals 960 and 962 indicate terminals
  • reference numeral 970 indicates a wire
  • reference numeral 980 indicates a resin.
  • FIG. 10 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part showing a problem of a conventional semiconductor device 900.
  • Reference numeral 941 denotes a solder material (a paste-like solder material).
  • the semiconductor device 1 according to Embodiment 1 has a certain thickness of solder in order to relieve stress (for example, thermal stress) acting on the solder between the semiconductor chip and the lead.
  • This is a semiconductor device having the above thickness.
  • the semiconductor device 1 according to the embodiment includes a substrate 10, a semiconductor chip 20, leads 30, 62, 64, solders 40, 46, and wires 70, and leads 30 , 62, 64 and the heat-dissipating metal plate 18 except for a part of the heat-dissipating metal plate 18.
  • the substrate 10 is a substrate having a semiconductor chip arrangement surface 12.
  • an appropriate substrate for example, a printed circuit board
  • the insulating substrate 14 and the insulating substrate 14 are formed on one surface, and the semiconductor chip arrangement surface 12 is formed.
  • a DCB (Direct Copper Bonding) substrate having a circuit 16 and a heat radiating metal plate 18 formed on the other surface of the insulating substrate 14 is used. A part of the metal plate 18 for heat dissipation is exposed from the resin 80.
  • DCB Direct Copper Bonding
  • the semiconductor chip 20 is disposed on the semiconductor chip placement surface 12, and the collector electrode 22 formed on one surface (the surface facing the semiconductor chip placement surface 12) and the other surface (semiconductor chip placement surface 12).
  • IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
  • IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor having an emitter electrode 24 (main electrode) formed on a surface opposite to the surface facing the electrode and a gate electrode 26 (control electrode) formed at a position separated from the emitter electrode 24. ).
  • the collector electrode 22 is bonded to the semiconductor chip placement surface 12 of the substrate 10 via the solder 46, and is connected to the outside via the solder 46, the substrate 10 (circuit 16), and the leads 64.
  • the emitter electrode 24 is joined to the electrode connection piece 32 of the lead 30 via the solder 40, and is connected to the outside via the solder 40 and the lead 30 (external connection terminal 34).
  • the leads 30, 62 and 64 are flat metal members and are formed by separating the lead frame.
  • the leads 30, 62, and 64 have a larger cross-sectional area than the wire, and can pass a large current.
  • the lead 30 has an electrode connection piece 32 that is partly joined to the emitter electrode 24 via the solder 40. Specifically, the lead 30 has an electrode connection piece 32 partly joined to the emitter electrode 24 via the solder 40 at one end, and is connected to the outside at the other end. An external connection terminal 34 is provided.
  • the lead may have an electrode connection piece in which the entire electrode connection piece 32 is joined to the emitter electrode 24 via the solder 40. For example, it may have an L-shaped electrode connection piece, and the entire surface of the electrode connection piece on the solder material side may be in contact with the upper surface and the side surface of the solder material.
  • the electrode connection piece 32 is disposed so as to cover the entire solder 40 as viewed in a plan view.
  • the electrode connection piece 32 protrudes toward the semiconductor chip 20 between the edge 37 on the gate electrode 26 side of the joint surface 36 of the electrode connection piece 32 with the solder 40 and the gate electrode 26 when viewed in a plan view.
  • the convex portion 38 is provided.
  • a solder ball that scatters from the side surface of the solder 40 (side surface of a solder material 41 described later) in the joining process of joining the emitter electrode 24 and the electrode connecting piece 32 with the solder 40 is a gate electrode.
  • 26 is provided on the electrode connection piece 32 in an arrangement configuration that blocks (prevents) from reaching 26. That is, since the solder ball scatters from the side surface of the solder material and performs a parabolic motion (oblique projection or horizontal projection), when the solder or flux scatters, the solder ball or flux generally jumps out of the solder material 41.
  • a convex portion exists on a parabola (parabolic motion trajectory) passing through one point on the surface of the gate electrode and one point on the side surface of the solder material 41.
  • the convex portion 38 has one point on the surface of the gate electrode 26 and the side surface of the solder material 41 within a general initial velocity range that jumps out of the solder material 41 when solder or flux is scattered.
  • the electrode connecting piece 32 is provided at a position and configuration through which a parabola passing through one point passes.
  • the convex portion 38 is provided at a position where the gate electrode 26 is hidden when viewed from a part of the side surface of the solder 40 (solder material 41) in the joining process (for example, a position farthest from the semiconductor chip among the side surfaces of the solder material). It has been.
  • the width of the convex portion 38 (the width in the direction orthogonal to the direction from the solder material 41 to the gate electrode 26) is viewed from a part of the solder material 41 (for example, the position farthest from the semiconductor chip on the side surface of the solder material).
  • the gate electrode 26 may be of any width that can be hidden.
  • the arrangement position and height of the convex portion 38 are on a parabola that passes through one point on the surface of the gate electrode and one point on the side surface of the solder material 41 between the solder material 41 and the gate electrode 26. In this case, the arrangement position and height where a part of the convex portion 38 exists may be used. Therefore, when the distance between the gate electrode 26 and the emitter electrode 24 is short, it is necessary to reduce the distance between the side surface of the solder material 41 and the convex portion 38 or increase the height of the convex portion. When the distance between the electrode 26 and the emitter electrode 24 is long, the height of the convex portion 38 may be lower than a predetermined height.
  • the convex portion 38 is disposed in a region where the semiconductor chip 20 is disposed in a plan view. That is, the convex portion 38 is directly above the semiconductor chip 20.
  • the lead 30 is bent toward the semiconductor chip 20 at the convex portion 38. Accordingly, when viewed from the surface opposite to the surface facing the semiconductor chip arrangement surface 12 in the electrode connection piece 32, the electrode connection piece 32 is formed with a recess corresponding to the protrusion 38, and also in the recess. Resin has entered.
  • the convex portion 38 is not in contact with the semiconductor chip 20.
  • the height of the convex portion 38 is h, the surface of the emitter electrode (main electrode) of the semiconductor chip 20 and the electrode connection piece.
  • the distance from the surface of 32 is d, the relationship of 0.8d ⁇ h ⁇ 0.95d is satisfied. Accordingly, the convex portion 38 is not in contact with the semiconductor chip 20.
  • the lead 62 has one end connected to the gate electrode 26 via a wire 70, and the other end serving as a terminal for external connection.
  • the lead 64 is connected to the circuit 16 having one end connected to the collector electrode 22, and the other end serves as a terminal for external connection.
  • the solders 40 and 46 are an alloy or metal having conductivity and adhesiveness.
  • the solders 40 and 46 are melted and solidified by heating the solder materials 41 and 45.
  • the solder 40 joins the emitter electrode 24 and the electrode connection piece 32.
  • the thickness of the solder 40 (solder thickness) is larger than the thickness of the solder 46 (solder between the substrate 10 and the semiconductor chip 20), for example, 300 ⁇ m or more.
  • the solder 40 is formed from a paste-like solder material containing a flux (so-called cream solder).
  • the solder 46 joins the collector electrode 22 and the semiconductor chip arrangement surface 12.
  • the solder 46 is formed from a paste-like solder material (for example, so-called cream solder) containing a solvent (for example, flux), and is disposed on the semiconductor chip arrangement surface 12 of the substrate 10 by printing, reflowed and heated. As a result, the substrate 10 and the semiconductor chip 20 are joined. In the solder 46 between the substrate 10 and the semiconductor chip 20, the situation as in the case of the solder 40 between the semiconductor chip 20 and the lead 30 that relieves stress (for example, thermal stress) acting on the solder. Since the conduction loss increases as the thickness increases, the solder 46 between the substrate 10 and the semiconductor chip 20 is different from the solder 40 between the semiconductor chip 20 and the lead 30 and is preferably thinner.
  • a paste-like solder material for example, so-called cream solder
  • a solvent for example, flux
  • the resin 80 an appropriate resin can be used.
  • a semiconductor device manufacturing method includes a substrate preparation step S100, a semiconductor chip placement step S200, an assembly formation step S300, a bonding step S400, and a wire bonding step. S500, resin sealing step S600, and lead processing step S700 are included.
  • Substrate preparation step S100 the substrate 10 is prepared (see FIG. 3A). Specifically, the substrate 10 is positioned and arranged on a predetermined jig (not shown).
  • the emitter electrode 24 (main electrode) and the emitter electrode 24 are formed on the semiconductor chip arrangement surface 12 of the substrate 10 having the semiconductor chip arrangement surface 12 via the solder material 45 at a position separated from the emitter electrode 24.
  • the semiconductor chip 20 is arranged so that the gate electrode 26 (control electrode) thus formed is located on the surface opposite to the surface facing the semiconductor chip arrangement surface 12 (see FIG. 3B).
  • paste-like solder material 45 for example, so-called cream solder
  • the semiconductor chip 20 is arranged on the semiconductor chip arrangement surface 12 so that the semiconductor chip arrangement surface 12 and the collector electrode 22 of the semiconductor chip 20 face each other with the solder material 45 interposed therebetween. Therefore, the emitter electrode 24 and the gate electrode 26 formed at a position separated from the emitter electrode 24 are disposed on the surface of the semiconductor chip 20 opposite to the side facing the semiconductor chip placement surface 12.
  • the solder material 45 is printed.
  • the solder material is supplied by a dispenser, the solder material is supplied by thread solder sent out by a solder feeder, or the like.
  • the solder material may be supplied by an appropriate method such as supply.
  • Cream solder is obtained by adding a flux to solder powder to form a paste with an appropriate viscosity.
  • the flux is a component that volatilizes at a high temperature (for example, the melting temperature of solder).
  • resin-based fluxes using rosin, modified rosin, synthetic resin, etc. as the main component are used.
  • thixotropic agents, activators and solvents for activators, dispersion stabilizers, etc. are added. There is also.
  • the assembly forming step S300 includes a solder material arranging step S310 and a lead frame arranging step S320.
  • solder material placement step S310 In the solder material arrangement step S310, the solder material 41 is arranged on the emitter electrode 24 of the semiconductor chip 20 (see FIG. 3C).
  • solder material 44 a paste solder material (so-called cream solder) containing flux is used.
  • Various methods can be considered for supplying the paste-like solder material. However, in order to supply the paste-like solder material on the emitter electrode 24, fine adjustment of the amount of solder and accuracy of the supply location are required. Therefore, it is preferable to supply the paste-like solder material with a dispenser.
  • Lead frame placement step S320 In the lead frame arranging step, the lead 30 (the lead frame to which the lead 30 is connected) having the electrode connection piece 32 joined to the main electrode via the solder is connected to the protrusion 38 of the electrode connection piece 32 in a planar manner. As shown in FIG. 2, the gate electrode 26 protrudes toward the semiconductor chip 20 between the edge 37 on the gate electrode 26 side of the joint surface of the electrode connection piece 32 with the solder 40 and the gate electrode 26 (and It arrange
  • the lead 30 having the electrode connecting piece 32 formed with the protruding portion 38 protruding on one surface is in a state where the emitter electrode 24 and the electrode connecting piece 32 face each other with the solder material 41 interposed therebetween, and the protruding portion. 38 is located between the edge of the joint surface of the electrode connecting piece 32 with the solder material 41 on the gate electrode 26 side and the gate electrode in a plan view, and when viewed in cross section, It is possible to form an assembly in which the portion 38 is arranged so as to protrude toward the semiconductor chip 20 side.
  • Joining process S400
  • the assembly 50 is put into a reflow furnace (not shown) and heated to melt the solder materials 41 and 45, and then the solder materials 41 and 45 are solidified to form the solder 40.
  • the semiconductor chip placement surface 12 of the substrate 10 and the emitter electrode 24 of the semiconductor chip 20 are joined via the solder 46, and the collector electrode 22 of the semiconductor chip 20 and the electrode connection piece 32 of the lead 30 are connected to each other.
  • the solder material and the flux may be scattered due to the rapid evaporation of the flux in the solder material 41.
  • the electrode connection piece 32 is viewed in plan view.
  • the upper surface of the solder material 41 can prevent the solder and flux scattered by the electrode connection pieces 32 from adhering to the gate electrode 26.
  • the electrode connection piece 32 is joined to the solder 40 in the electrode connection piece 32 in a plan view.
  • a projection 38 protruding toward the semiconductor chip 20, so that when the solder material 41 is reflowed in the bonding process, Even if the flux of the solder evaporates rapidly and the solder or flux is scattered, the scattered solder or flux hits the convex portion, and the convex portion 38 makes it difficult for the solder or flux to adhere to the surface of the gate electrode 26. Therefore, in the subsequent wire bonding process, the bonding strength between the gate electrode 26 and the wire 70 is unlikely to decrease, and the reliability is unlikely to decrease.
  • the thickness of the solder 40 is kept at a certain thickness or more. Even if the solder or flux scattered from the upper part of the side surface of the solder material 41 (the position farthest from the semiconductor chip) is likely to reach far beyond a certain distance, the solder material 41 scatters from the upper side surface of the solder material 41. Most of the solder and flux thus applied come into contact with the convex portion 38. Therefore, it becomes difficult for solder or flux to adhere to the surface of the gate electrode 26. Therefore, in the subsequent wire bonding step, the bonding strength between the gate electrode 26 and the wire 70 is less likely to be lowered, and the reliability is less likely to be lowered.
  • the convex portion 38 is disposed in the region where the semiconductor chip 20 is disposed in a plan view, the emitter 38 and the emitter electrode 24 on the semiconductor chip 20 are disposed.
  • the convex portion 38 can be reliably disposed between the gate electrode 26 and the gate electrode 26.
  • the convex portion 38 is not in contact with the semiconductor chip 20, so that there is no problem such as uneven current flow.
  • the thickness of the solder is maintained at a certain level or more in order to relieve the stress (for example, thermal stress) acting on the solder between the semiconductor chip and the lead. Since the semiconductor device is a semiconductor device, even if the electrode connecting piece 32 on the semiconductor chip 20 is formed with a protrusion protruding toward the semiconductor chip 20, the protrusion 38 does not contact the semiconductor chip 20.
  • the convex portion 38 is formed of the solder balls scattered from the side surfaces of the solder (solder material) in the joining process of joining the emitter electrode 24 and the electrode connection piece 32 with the solder 40. Since the electrode connection piece 32 is provided in an arrangement configuration that blocks reaching the gate electrode 26, the flux in the solder material 41 is abruptly evaporated and the solder and flux are scattered when reflowed in the manufacturing process. However, it becomes easier to prevent solder and flux from adhering to the surface of the gate electrode 26 by the convex portion 38. Therefore, in the subsequent wire bonding process, the bonding strength between the gate electrode 26 and the wire 70 is less likely to be lowered, and the reliability is less likely to be lowered.
  • the height of the convex portion 38 is set to h with respect to the surface facing the semiconductor chip arrangement surface 12 in the electrode connection piece 32, and the emitter electrode 24 of the semiconductor chip 20.
  • d is the distance between the surface and the surface of the electrode connection piece 32 facing the semiconductor chip placement surface 12.
  • Most of the side surfaces of the solder material 41 can be covered with convex portions. Therefore, even when the flux in the solder material 41 is rapidly evaporated and the solder or flux is scattered when reflowing in the manufacturing process, most of the solder or flux scattered from the side surface on the gate electrode 26 side is the convex portion. It will hit 38.
  • the lead 30 is bent toward the semiconductor chip 20 at the portion of the convex portion 38 when viewed in cross section, and thus the convex portion 38 is easily formed. be able to. Further, since the protrusions 38 are formed by bending the leads 30, the leads 30 and the resin 80 are difficult to peel off, and the bonding strength between the resin 80 and the leads 30 can be increased.
  • the electrode connection piece 32 is formed with the concave portion corresponding to the convex portion 38 when viewed from the surface opposite to the surface of the electrode connection piece 32 on the semiconductor chip 20 side. Therefore, the resin 80 injected in the resin sealing step S600 is also injected into the concave portion, and the resin 80 and the lead 30 are resin-sealed with much higher adhesion. Therefore, the bonding strength between the resin 80 and the lead 30 can be further increased.
  • the electrode connection piece 32 is disposed so as to cover the entire solder 40 as viewed in a plan view, the scattering of solder and flux from above the solder material 41. Can be prevented by the electrode connection piece 32. That is, according to the semiconductor device 1 according to the first embodiment, the solder and flux are scattered far away by the electrode connection piece 32 on the upper side of the solder material 41 and the convex portion 38 on the side surface of the solder material 41, respectively. Can be prevented. Therefore, it becomes easier to prevent solder and flux from adhering to the surface of the gate electrode 26, and the bonding strength between the gate electrode 26 and the wire 70 is less likely to be lowered in the subsequent wire bonding process, and the reliability is lowered. Can be difficult.
  • the solder thickness is 300 ⁇ m or more, the stress (for example, thermal stress) acting on the solder 40 between the semiconductor chip 20 and the lead 30 is relieved. This makes it difficult to cause defects such as cracks in the solder 40. As a result, a highly reliable semiconductor device is obtained.
  • the thickness of the solder 40 is preferably 400 ⁇ m or more and the thickness of the solder 40 is more preferably 500 ⁇ m or more in order to make the above-described problems less likely to occur.
  • the emitter 30 and the electrode connection piece 32 are soldered to the lead 30 having the electrode connection piece 32 formed with the protruding portion 38 protruding on one surface.
  • the convex portion 38 is in a state of being opposed to each other with the material 41 interposed therebetween, and when seen in a plan view, between the edge 37 on the gate electrode side of the joint surface with the solder material 41 in the electrode connection piece 32 and the gate electrode, or
  • the electrode connecting piece 32 is located at a position in contact with the edge 37 on the gate electrode side of the joint surface 36 with the solder material 41, and the convex portion 38 protrudes toward the semiconductor chip 20 side.
  • the semiconductor device 2 according to the second embodiment basically has the same configuration as that of the semiconductor device according to the first embodiment, but the position of the convex portion is different from that of the semiconductor device 1 according to the first embodiment. That is, in the semiconductor device 2 according to the second embodiment, the electrode connection is not between the edge 37 on the gate electrode 26 side and the gate electrode 26 on the joint surface with the solder 40 in the electrode connection piece in plan view.
  • a protruding portion 38a protruding toward the semiconductor chip 20 is provided at a position in contact with the edge 37 on the gate electrode 26 side of the joint surface of the piece 32 with the solder 40 (see FIG. 5).
  • the solder 40 side (side surface and top solder 40 side) of the convex portion 38 a is in contact with the upper side surface of the solder 40 and the vicinity of the center.
  • the outer shape of the solder 40 from the top of the convex portion 38a to the emitter electrode 24 forms a fillet shape.
  • the semiconductor device 2 according to the second embodiment is different from the semiconductor device 1 according to the first embodiment in the position of the convex portion, but the electrode connection piece 32 is a solder in the electrode connection piece 32 in a plan view.
  • 40 has a protruding portion 38a protruding toward the semiconductor chip 20 side at a position in contact with the edge 37 on the gate electrode 26 side of the bonding surface 36 with 40, so that when the solder is reflowed in the bonding process in the manufacturing process, Even if the flux rapidly evaporates and the solder or flux is scattered, the scattered solder or flux hits the convex portion, and the convex portion 38a makes it difficult for the solder or flux to adhere to the surface of the gate electrode 26. Therefore, in the subsequent wire bonding step, the bonding strength between the gate electrode 26 and the wire 70 is difficult to decrease, and the reliability is difficult to decrease.
  • the electrode connection piece 32 is in a position in contact with the edge 37 on the gate electrode 26 side of the joint surface 36 with the solder 40 in the electrode connection piece 32 when viewed in a plan view. Therefore, one side surface and the top of the convex portion 38a are in contact with the upper portion and the central portion of the side surface of the solder 40, so that the solder 40 and the lead 30 The bonding area of the is increased. Therefore, the bonding strength between the solder 40 and the lead 30 is increased, and the reliability is increased.
  • the semiconductor device 2 according to the second embodiment has the same configuration as that of the semiconductor device 1 according to the first embodiment except for the position of the convex portion. Therefore, among the effects of the semiconductor device 1 according to the first embodiment, Has a corresponding effect.
  • the thickness of a part of the lead 30 may be increased to form the convex portion (the convex portion 38b of the semiconductor device 3 according to Modification 1 of FIG. 6).
  • the semiconductor device includes one semiconductor chip.
  • the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the semiconductor device may include two semiconductor chips (see FIG. 7), or may include three or more semiconductor chips.
  • the following semiconductor device in which two semiconductor chips are cascode-connected can be considered.
  • the emitter electrode 24c of the semiconductor chip 20c is electrically connected to the lead 30c
  • the collector electrode 22c of the semiconductor chip 20c is connected to the lead 30d via the circuit 16c of the substrate 10c.
  • it is electrically connected to the emitter electrode 24d of the semiconductor chip 20d via a lead 30d.
  • the collector electrode 22d of the semiconductor chip 20d is connected to a lead 66 via a circuit 16d (FIG. 7). (See (a) and FIG. 7 (b).)
  • convex portions may be formed on the leads 30c and 30d (the convex portion 38c for the lead 30c; see FIG. 7C).
  • the convex portion is formed only on the side of the joint surface 36 with the solder 40 in the electrode connection piece 32 on the gate electrode 26 side, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • a convex portion may be formed on a portion of the electrode connection piece 32 other than the side on the gate electrode 26 side of the joint surface 36 with the solder 40.
  • the semiconductor chip 20 is a three-terminal IGBT, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the semiconductor chip 20 may be another three-terminal semiconductor element (for example, MOSFET), the semiconductor chip 20 may be a two-terminal semiconductor element (for example, a diode), or the semiconductor chip 20 may be a semiconductor element having four or more terminals (4 The terminal may be a thyristor, for example.
  • the semiconductor device is a so-called vertical semiconductor device having a collector electrode on one surface of a semiconductor chip and an emitter electrode and a gate electrode on the other surface. Is not limited to this.
  • the semiconductor device may be a so-called horizontal semiconductor device having all electrodes on one surface of a semiconductor chip.
  • Electrode connection pieces, 34, 34c ... external connection terminals 36 ... joint surface (with solder), 37 ... edge on the gate electrode side of the joint surface, 8,38a, 38b, 38c ... projecting portion, 40,40c, 40d, 46,46c, 46d ... solder, 41, 45 ... solder material, 50 ... assembly, 70 ... wire, 80 ... resin

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Abstract

本発明の半導体装置1は、半導体チップ配置面12を有する基板10と、半導体チップ配置面12上に配置され、半導体チップ配置面12と対向する面とは反対側の面に形成された主電極24及び主電極24とは離間した位置に形成された制御電極26を有する半導体チップ20と、少なくとも一部がはんだ40を介して主電極24と接合された電極接続片32を有するリード30とを備え、電極接続片32は、平面的に見て、電極接続片32におけるはんだ40との接合面37のゲート電極26側の縁部37とゲート電極26との間、又は、電極接続片32におけるはんだ40との接合面36のゲート電極26側の縁部37と接する位置に、半導体チップ20側に向かって突出した凸部38を有することを特徴とする。 本発明の半導体装置1によれば、信頼性が低下し難い半導体装置を提供することができる。

Description

半導体装置及び半導体装置の製造方法
 本発明は、半導体装置及び半導体装置の製造方法に関する。
 従来、半導体チップとリードとがはんだを介して接合された半導体装置が知られている(例えば、特許文献1参照。)。
 特許文献1に記載の従来の半導体装置900は、図8に示すように、半導体チップ配置面912を有する基板910と、半導体チップ配置面912上に配置され、半導体チップ配置面912と対向する面に形成されたコレクタ電極922、並びに、半導体チップ配置面912と対向する面とは反対側の面に形成されたエミッタ電極924(主電極)及びエミッタ電極924とは離間した位置に形成されたゲート電極926(制御電極)を有する半導体チップ920と、電極接続片932を有し、電極接続片932がエミッタ電極924とはんだ940を介して接合されたリード930とを備える
 特許文献1に記載の従来の半導体装置900によれば、電極接続片932がエミッタ電極924とはんだ940を介して接合されている、すなわち、半導体チップ920とリード930とがはんだ940のみを介して(ワイヤ等の介在部材を介さずに)直接接続されているため、半導体装置900は、電流容量が大きく、大電流を使用する電子機器(例えば、電源)に適した半導体装置となる。なお、特許文献1に記載の従来の半導体装置900においては、はんだを形成するためにペースト状のはんだ材を使用している。
特開2010-123686号公報 特開2017-199809号公報
 しかしながら、特許文献1に記載の従来の半導体装置においては、製造過程においてリフローしたときに、ペースト状のはんだ材中のフラックスが急激に蒸発することに起因してはんだ材やフラックスが飛散し、ゲート電極926の表面上にはんだ(はんだボールSB)やフラックスが付着してしまう場合がある(図9参照。)。この場合には、後のワイヤボンディング工程においてゲート電極926とワイヤ970との間の接合強度が低下し、半導体装置の信頼性が低下するおそれがある、という問題がある。
 特に、半導体チップとリードとの間のはんだに作用する応力(例えば熱応力)を緩和するために、当該はんだをある一定以上の厚さに保つ必要がある場合(例えば、特許文献2参照。)には、はんだ材の側面の上部(半導体チップを基準としたときの高さが高い部分)から飛散したはんだやフラックスが、ある一定の距離よりも遠くまで届いてしまうため、上記した問題がより顕著になる。
 そこで、本発明は、上記した問題を解決するためになされたものであり、信頼性が低下し難い半導体装置を提供することを目的とする。また、そのような半導体装置を製造する半導体装置の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
[1]本発明の半導体装置は、半導体チップ配置面を有する基板と、前記半導体チップ配置面上に配置され、前記半導体チップ配置面と対向する面とは反対側の面に形成された主電極及び前記主電極とは離間した位置に形成された制御電極を有する半導体チップと、少なくとも一部がはんだを介して前記主電極と接合された電極接続片を有するリードとを備え、前記電極接続片は、平面的に見て、前記電極接続片における前記はんだとの接合面の制御電極側の縁部と前記制御電極との間、又は、前記電極接続片における前記はんだとの接合面の制御電極側の縁部と接する位置に、前記半導体チップ側に向かって突出した凸部を有することを特徴とする。
[2]本発明の半導体装置においては、前記凸部は、平面的に見て前記半導体チップが配置されている領域内に配置されていることが好ましい。
[3]本発明の半導体装置においては、前記凸部は、前記半導体チップとは接触していないことが好ましい。
[4]本発明の半導体装置においては、前記凸部は、前記主電極と前記電極接続片とを前記はんだで接合する接合工程において前記はんだの側面から飛散するはんだボールが前記制御電極に到達することを遮る配置構成で前記電極接続片に設けられていることが好ましい。
[5]本発明の半導体装置においては、前記リードは、断面で見たときに、前記凸部の部分で前記半導体チップ側に折り曲げられていることが好ましい。
[6]本発明の半導体装置において、前記電極接続片における前記半導体チップ配置面と対向する面とは反対側の面から見て、前記電極接続片には、前記凸部に対応した凹部が形成されていることが好ましい。
[7]本発明の半導体装置においては、前記電極接続片は、平面的に見て前記はんだ全体を覆うように配置されていることが好ましい。
[8]本発明の半導体装置の製造方法は、上記[1]~[7]のいずれかに記載の半導体装置を製造するための半導体装置の製造方法であって、半導体チップ配置面を有する基板の前記半導体チップ配置面上に、主電極及び前記主電極とは離間した位置に形成された制御電極が、前記半導体チップ配置面と対向する面とは反対側の面に位置するように半導体チップを配置する半導体チップ配置工程と、一方の面に突出した凸部が形成された電極接続片を有するリードを、前記主電極と前記電極接続片とがはんだ材を挟んで対向した状態、かつ、前記凸部が、平面的に見て、前記電極接続片における前記はんだ材との接合面の制御電極側の縁部と前記制御電極との間、又は、前記電極接続片における前記はんだ材との接合面の制御電極側の縁部と接する位置に位置した状態、かつ、前記凸部が、前記半導体チップ側に向かって突出した状態となるように配置して組立体を形成する組立体形成工程と、前記はんだ材を溶融した後で固化することにより、前記主電極と前記電極接続片とをはんだを介して接合する接合工程とを含むことを特徴とする。
 本発明の半導体装置によれば、電極接続片は、平面的に見て、電極接続片におけるはんだとの接合面のゲート電極側の縁部とゲート電極との間、又は、電極接続片におけるはんだとの接合面のゲート電極側の縁部と接する位置に、半導体チップ側に向かって突出した凸部を有するため、製造過程において接合工程でリフローしたときに、はんだ材中のフラックスが急激に蒸発してはんだやフラックスが飛散したとしても、飛散したはんだやフラックスが凸部に当たり、当該凸部によって制御電極の表面上にはんだやフラックスが付着し難くなる。従って、後のワイヤボンディング工程において制御電極とワイヤとの間の接合強度が低下し難くなり、信頼性が低下し難くなる。
 本発明の半導体装置は、電極接続片は、平面的に見て、電極接続片におけるはんだとの接合面の制御電極側の縁部と制御電極との間、又は、電極接続片におけるはんだとの接合面の制御電極側の縁部と接する位置に、半導体チップ側に向かって突出した凸部を有するため、はんだの厚さをある一定以上の厚さに保つ必要があることに起因してはんだ材側面上部から飛散したはんだやフラックスが、ある一定の距離よりも遠くまで届きやすい場合であっても、はんだ材側面上部から飛散したはんだやフラックスの大部分が凸部に当たるようになる。従って、制御電極の表面上にはんだやフラックスが付着し難くなるため、後のワイヤボンディング工程において制御電極とワイヤとの間の接合強度がより低下し難くなり、信頼性がより低下し難くなる。
 本発明の半導体装置の製造方法によれば、一方の面に突出した凸部が形成された電極接続片を有するリードを、主電極と電極接続片とがはんだ材を挟んで対向した状態、かつ、凸部が、平面的に見て、電極接続片におけるはんだ材との接合面の制御電極側の縁部と制御電極との間、又は、電極接続片におけるはんだ材との接合面の制御電極側の縁部と接する位置に位置した状態、かつ、凸部が、半導体チップ側に向かって突出した状態となるように配置して組立体を形成する組立体形成工程と、はんだ材を溶融した後で固化することにより、主電極と電極接続片とをはんだを介して接合する接合工程とを含むため、接合工程において、はんだ材中のフラックスが急激に蒸発してはんだやフラックスが飛散したとしても、飛散したはんだやフラックスが凸部に当たり、当該凸部によって制御電極の表面上にはんだやフラックスが付着し難くなる。従って、後のワイヤボンディング工程において制御電極とワイヤとの間の接合強度が低下し難く、信頼性が低下し難い半導体装置を製造することができる。
実施形態1に係る半導体装置1を示す図である。図1(a)は半導体装置1の平面図であり、図1(b)は半導体装置1の断面図である。 実施形態1に係る半導体装置1の要部拡大図である。図2(a)は半導体装置1の要部拡大断面図であり、図2(b)は半導体装置1の要部拡大平面図である。 実施形態1に係る半導体装置の製造方法の工程図である。図3(a)は基板準備工程S100を示す図であり、図3(b)は半導体チップ配置工程S200を示す図であり、図3(c)ははんだ材配置工程S310を示す図である。 実施形態1に係る半導体装置の製造方法の工程図である。図4(a)はリードフレーム配置工程S320を示す図であり、図4(b)はワイヤボンディング工程S500を示す図であり、図4(c)は樹脂封止工程S600を示す図である。 実施形態2に係る半導体装置2を示す図である。図5(a)は半導体装置2の拡大断面図であり、図5(b)は半導体装置2の要部拡大平面図である。 変形例1に係る半導体装置3の要部拡大断面図である。 変形例2に係る半導体装置4を示す図である。図7(a)は半導体装置2の斜視図であり、図7(b)は図7(a)のB-B断面図であり、図7(c)は図7(a)のC-C断面図である。 従来の半導体装置900を示す断面図である。なお、図8中、符号946ははんだを示し、符号960、962は端子を示し、符号970はワイヤを示し、符号980は樹脂を示す。 従来の半導体装置900の問題点を示す要部拡大断面図である。なお、符号941ははんだ材(ペースト状のはんだ材)を示す。
 以下、本発明の半導体装置の製造方法について、図に示す実施形態に基づいて説明する。なお、各図面は模式図であり、必ずしも実際の寸法を厳密に反映したものではない。
[実施形態1]
1.実施形態1に係る半導体装置1の構成
 実施形態1に係る半導体装置1は、半導体チップとリードとの間のはんだに作用する応力(例えば熱応力)を緩和するために、はんだの厚みをある一定以上の厚さにしている半導体装置である。
 実施形態に係る半導体装置1は、図1及び図2に示すように、基板10と、半導体チップ20と、リード30,62,64と、はんだ40,46と、ワイヤ70とを備え、リード30,62,64の外部接続端子及び放熱性の金属板18の一部を除いて樹脂80で樹脂封止されている。
 基板10は、半導体チップ配置面12を有する基板である。基板10としては適宜の基板(例えば、プリント基板)を用いることができるが、実施形態1においては、絶縁性基板14と、絶縁性基板14の一方の面に形成され、半導体チップ配置面12を有する回路16と、絶縁性基板14の他方の面に形成された放熱用の金属板18とを有するDCB(Direct Cоpper Bonding)基板を用いる。なお、放熱用の金属板18の一部は樹脂80から露出している。
 半導体チップ20は、半導体チップ配置面12上に配置されており、一方の面(半導体チップ配置面12と対向する面)に形成されたコレクタ電極22、並びに、他方の面(半導体チップ配置面12と対向する面とは反対側の面)に形成されたエミッタ電極24(主電極)及びエミッタ電極24とは離間した位置に形成されたゲート電極26(制御電極)を有するIGBT(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor)である。
 コレクタ電極22は、基板10の半導体チップ配置面12とはんだ46を介して接合されており、はんだ46、基板10(回路16)及びリード64を介して外部と接続される。
 エミッタ電極24は、リード30の電極接続片32とはんだ40を介して接合されており、はんだ40及びリード30(外部接続端子34)を介して外部と接続される。
 リード30,62,64は、平板状の金属部材であり、リードフレームを切り離して形成されたものである。リード30,62,64はワイヤよりも断面積が大きく、大電流を流すことができる。
 リード30は、一部がはんだ40を介してエミッタ電極24と接合された電極接続片32を有する。具体的には、リード30は、一方の端部に、一部がはんだ40を介してエミッタ電極24と接合された電極接続片32を有し、他方の端部に、外部と接続するための外部接続端子34を有する。なお、リードは、電極接続片32の全部がはんだ40を介してエミッタ電極24と接合された電極接続片を有していてもよい。例えば、L字状の形状の電極接続片を有し、電極接続片のはんだ材側の面全体がはんだ材の上面及び側面と接触していてもよい。
 電極接続片32は、平面的に見てはんだ40全体を覆うように配置されている。電極接続片32は、平面的に見て、電極接続片32におけるはんだ40との接合面36のゲート電極26側の縁部37とゲート電極26との間に、半導体チップ20側に向かって突出した凸部38を有する。
 凸部38は、エミッタ電極24と電極接続片32とをはんだ40で接合する接合工程においてはんだ40の側面(後述するはんだ材41の側面)から飛散するはんだボール(図9参照。)がゲート電極26に到達することを遮る(防ぐ)配置構成で電極接続片32に設けられている。
 すなわち、はんだボールは、はんだ材側面から飛散した後、放物運動(斜方投射又は水平投射)をするため、はんだやフラックスが飛散したときに、はんだボールやフラックスがはんだ材41から飛び出す一般的な初速度の範囲において、ゲート電極の表面のうちの1点とはんだ材41の側面のうちの1点とを通過する放物線(放物運動の軌跡)上には凸部が存在するように構成されている。逆に言えば、凸部38は、はんだやフラックスが飛散したときにはんだ材41から飛び出す一般的な初速度の範囲において、ゲート電極26の表面のうちの1点とはんだ材41の側面のうちの1点とを通過する放物線が通過する位置及び構成で電極接続片32に設けられている。
 凸部38は、接合工程におけるはんだ40(はんだ材41)の側面の一部(例えば、はんだ材の側面のうち半導体チップから最も離れた位置)から見て、ゲート電極26が隠される位置に設けられている。
 凸部38の幅(はんだ材41からゲート電極26に向かう方向と直交する方向の幅)は、はんだ材41の一部(例えば、はんだ材の側面のうち半導体チップから最も離れた位置)から見てゲート電極26が隠せる幅であればよい。
 凸部38の配置位置及び高さは、はんだ材41とゲート電極26との間のうち、ゲート電極の表面のうちの1点とはんだ材41の側面のうちの1点とを通過する放物線上には凸部38の一部が存する配置位置及び高さであればよい。従って、ゲート電極26とエミッタ電極24との間の間隔が短い場合には、はんだ材41の側面と凸部38との間隔を近づける、又は、凸部の高さを高くする必要があり、ゲート電極26とエミッタ電極24との間隔が長い場合には、凸部38の高さは所定の高さよりも低くてもよい。
 凸部38は、平面的に見て半導体チップ20が配置されている領域内に配置されている。すなわち、凸部38は、半導体チップ20の直上にある。リード30は、断面で見たときに、凸部38の部分で半導体チップ20側に折り曲げられている。従って、電極接続片32における半導体チップ配置面12と対向する面とは反対側の面から見て、電極接続片32には凸部38に対応した凹部が形成されており、当該凹部内にも樹脂が入り込んでいる。凸部38は、半導体チップ20とは接触していない。
 実施形態1においては、電極接続片32における半導体チップ配置面12と対向する面を基準として、凸部38の高さをhとし、半導体チップ20のエミッタ電極(主電極)の表面と電極接続片32の表面との間隔をdとしたときに、0.8d≦h≦0.95dの関係を満たす。従って、凸部38は、半導体チップ20とは接触していない
 リード62は、一方の端部がワイヤ70を介してゲート電極26と接続されており、他方の端部が外部接続用の端子となっている。リード64は、一方の端部がコレクタ電極22と接続された回路16と接続されており、他方の端部が、他方の端部が外部接続用の端子となっている。
 はんだ40,46は、導電性及び接着性を有する合金又は金属である。はんだ40、46ははんだ材41,45を加熱することにより溶融して固化したものである。
 はんだ40は、エミッタ電極24と電極接続片32とを接合している。はんだ40の厚さ(はんだ厚)は、はんだ46(基板10と半導体チップ20との間のはんだ)の厚さよりも厚く、例えば300μm以上である。はんだ40は、フラックスを含有するペースト状のはんだ材(いわゆるクリームはんだ)から形成されたものである。
 はんだ46は、コレクタ電極22と半導体チップ配置面12を接合している。
 はんだ46は、溶剤(例えばフラックス)を含有するペースト状のはんだ材(例えば、いわゆるクリームはんだ)から形成されたものであり、印刷により基板10の半導体チップ配置面12に配置され、リフローして加熱することにより基板10と半導体チップ20とを接合する。なお、基板10と半導体チップ20との間のはんだ46においては、はんだに作用する応力(例えば熱応力)を緩和する、という半導体チップ20とリード30との間のはんだ40の場合のような事情がなく、厚くなると導通損失が大きくなるため、基板10と半導体チップ20との間のはんだ46は、半導体チップ20とリード30との間のはんだ40とは異なり、薄い方が好ましい。
 樹脂80は、適宜の樹脂を用いることができる。
2.実施形態1に係る半導体装置の製造方法
 実施形態1に係る半導体装置の製造方法は、基板準備工程S100と、半導体チップ配置工程S200と、組立体形成工程S300と、接合工程S400と、ワイヤボンディング工程S500と、樹脂封止工程S600と、リード加工工程S700とを含む。
(1)基板準備工程S100
 基板準備工程S100においては、基板10を準備する(図3(a)参照。)。具体的には、所定の治具(図示せず。)上に基板10を位置決めして配置する。
(2)半導体チップ配置工程S200
 半導体チップ配置工程S200においては、半導体チップ配置面12を有する基板10の半導体チップ配置面12上にはんだ材45を介して、エミッタ電極24(主電極)及びエミッタ電極24とは離間した位置に形成されたゲート電極26(制御電極)が、半導体チップ配置面12と対向する面とは反対側の面に位置するように半導体チップ20を配置する(図3(b)参照。)。具体的には、まず、基板10の半導体チップ配置面12上にペースト状のはんだ材45(例えば、いわゆるクリームはんだ)を配置(具体的には印刷)する。次に、半導体チップ配置面12と半導体チップ20のコレクタ電極22とがはんだ材45を挟んで対向した状態となるように半導体チップ配置面12上に半導体チップ20を配置する。従って、半導体チップ20における半導体チップ配置面12と対向する側と反対側の面には、エミッタ電極24と、エミッタ電極24とは離間した位置に形成されたゲート電極26とが配置されている。
 なお、実施形態1においては、はんだ材45を印刷するが、ディスペンサによってはんだ材を供給する、はんだフィーダ等で送り出した糸はんだによってはんだ材を供給する、溶融したはんだ材を流し込むことによってはんだ材を供給する等、適宜の方法ではんだ材を供給してもよい。クリームはんだは、はんだ粉末にフラックスを添加して、適当な粘度のペースト状にしたものである。フラックスは、高温(例えば、はんだの溶融温度)で揮発する成分である。フラックスとしては、ロジン、変性ロジン、合成樹脂などを主成分として用いた樹脂系フラックスが用いられ、さらに、チクソトロピック剤や、活性剤および活性剤用の溶剤、分散安定剤などが添加される場合もある。
(3)組立体形成工程S300
 組立体形成工程S300は、はんだ材配置工程S310とリードフレーム配置工程S320とを含む。
(3-1)はんだ材配置工程S310
 はんだ材配置工程S310においては、半導体チップ20のエミッタ電極24上にはんだ材41を配置する(図3(c)参照。)。はんだ材44としては、フラックスを含有するペースト状のはんだ材(いわゆるクリームはんだ)を用いる。なお、ペースト状のはんだ材を供給する方法としては様々な方法が考えられるが、エミッタ電極24上にペースト状のはんだ材を供給するには、はんだ量の細かい調整や供給箇所の正確さが必要であるため、ディスペンサによってペースト状のはんだ材を供給することが好ましい。
(3-2)リードフレーム配置工程S320
 リードフレーム配置工程においては、主電極とはんだを介して接合された電極接続片32を有するリード30(リード30が連結されているリードフレーム)を、電極接続片32の凸部38が、平面的に見て、電極接続片32におけるはんだ40との接合面のゲート電極26側の縁部37とゲート電極26との間に、半導体チップ20側に向かって突出した状態となるように(かつ、半導体チップ20と接触しないように)半導体チップ20上に配置する(図4(a)参照。)。このとき、リードフレーム内のリード62,64(リード64は図1参照。)も所定の位置に配置される。
 これにより、一方の面に突出した凸部38が形成された電極接続片32を有するリード30を、エミッタ電極24と電極接続片32とがはんだ材41を挟んで対向した状態、かつ、凸部38が、平面的に見て、電極接続片32におけるはんだ材41との接合面のゲート電極26側の縁部とゲート電極との間に位置した状態、かつ、断面で見たときに、凸部38が、半導体チップ20側に向かって突出した状態となるように配置してなる組立体を形成することができる。
(4)接合工程(リフロー工程)S400
 接合工程(リフロー工程)S400においては、組立体50をリフロー炉(図示せず。)に入れて加熱し、はんだ材41、45を溶融した後で、はんだ材41、45を固化してはんだ40、46とすることにより、基板10の半導体チップ配置面12と半導体チップ20のエミッタ電極24とをはんだ46を介して接合するとともに、半導体チップ20のコレクタ電極22とリード30の電極接続片32とをはんだ40を介して接合する。
 接合工程S400においては、はんだ材41中のフラックスが急激に蒸発することに起因してはんだ材やフラックスが飛散する場合があるが、電極接続片32は、平面的に見て、電極接続片32におけるはんだ40との接合面のゲート電極26側の縁部37とゲート電極26との間に、半導体チップ20側に向かって突出した凸部38があり、凸部38にはんだボールや飛散したフラックスが当たることによってゲート電極26の表面上にはんだやフラックスが付着することを防ぐことができる。また、はんだ材41の上面は、電極接続片32によって飛散したはんだやフラックスがゲート電極26に付着することを防ぐことができる。
(5)ワイヤボンディング工程S500
 次に、ゲート電極26とリード62(図1参照。)とをワイヤ70を用いて接続する(図4(b)参照。)。ワイヤ70は適宜のものを用いることができる。
(6)樹脂封止工程S600及びリード加工工程S700
 次に、リード30,62,64の外部端子及び放熱用の金属板18を除いて樹脂80で樹脂封止する(樹脂封止工程S600、図4(c)参照。)、次に、リード30,62,64をリードフレームから切り離すとともに、所定の箇所の折り曲げ等の加工を行う(リード加工工程S700、図示せず。)。
 このようにして実施形態1に係る半導体装置1を製造することができる。
3.実施形態1に係る半導体装置1及び半導体装置の製造方法の効果
 実施形態1に係る半導体装置1によれば、電極接続片32は、平面的に見て、電極接続片32におけるはんだ40との接合面のゲート電極26側の縁部37とゲート電極26との間に、半導体チップ20側に向かって突出した凸部38を有するため、製造過程において接合工程でリフローしたときに、はんだ材41中のフラックスが急激に蒸発してはんだやフラックスが飛散したとしても、飛散したはんだやフラックスが凸部に当たり、当該凸部38によってゲート電極26の表面上にはんだやフラックスが付着し難くなる。従って、後のワイヤボンディング工程においてゲート電極26とワイヤ70接合強度が低下し難くなり、信頼性が低下し難くなる。
 また、実施形態1に係る半導体装置1によれば、電極接続片32は、半導体チップ20側に向かって突出した凸部38を有するため、はんだ40の厚さをある一定以上の厚さに保つことに起因してはんだ材41側面の上部(半導体チップから最も遠い位置)から飛散したはんだやフラックスがある一定の距離よりも遠くまで届きやすい場合であっても、はんだ材41の側面上部から飛散したはんだやフラックスの大部分が凸部38に当たるようになる。従って、ゲート電極26の表面上にはんだやフラックスが付着し難くなる。従って、後のワイヤボンディング工程においてゲート電極26とワイヤ70との接合強度がより低下し難くなり、、信頼性がより低下し難くなる。
 また、実施形態1に係る半導体装置1によれば、凸部38は、平面的に見て半導体チップ20が配置されている領域内に配置されているため、半導体チップ20上のエミッタ電極24とゲート電極26との間に凸部38を確実に配置することができる。
 また、実施形態1に係る半導体装置1によれば、凸部38は、半導体チップ20とは接触していないため、電流の流れに偏りが生じたりする等の不具合が生じない。
 なお、実施形態1に係る半導体装置1は、半導体チップとリードとの間のはんだに作用する応力(例えば熱応力)を緩和するために、はんだの厚さをある一定以上の厚さに保った半導体装置であるため、半導体チップ20上の電極接続片32に半導体チップ20側に突出した凸部を形成しても凸部38は、半導体チップ20とは接触しない。
 また、実施形態1に係る半導体装置1によれば、凸部38は、エミッタ電極24と電極接続片32とをはんだ40で接合する接合工程においてはんだ(はんだ材)の側面から飛散するはんだボールがゲート電極26に到達することを遮る配置構成で電極接続片32に設けられているため、製造過程においてリフローしたときに、はんだ材41中のフラックスが急激に蒸発してはんだやフラックスが飛散したとしても、当該凸部38によってゲート電極26の表面上にはんだやフラックスが付着することをより一層防ぎやすくなる。従って、後のワイヤボンディング工程においてゲート電極26とワイヤ70接合強度がより低下し難くなり、信頼性がより低下し難くなる。
 また、実施形態1に係る半導体装置1によれば、電極接続片32における半導体チップ配置面12と対向する面を基準として、凸部38の高さをhとし、半導体チップ20のエミッタ電極24の表面と電極接続片32の半導体チップ配置面12と対向する面との間隔をdとしたときに、0.8d≦h≦0.95dの関係を満たすため。はんだ材41の側面の大部分を凸部で覆うことができる。従って、製造過程においてリフローしたときに、はんだ材41中のフラックスが急激に蒸発してはんだやフラックスが飛散したとしても、ゲート電極26側の側面から飛散したはんだやフラックスの大部分が当該凸部38に当たることとなる。よって、ゲート電極26の表面上にはんだやフラックスが付着し難くなるため、後のワイヤボンディング工程においてゲート電極26とワイヤ70との接合強度がより低下し難くなり、信頼性がより低下し難くなる。
 なお、凸部38の頂点と半導体チップ20との間にはわずかに空間が空いているが、はんだ材41の側面下部からはんだが飛散してもゲート電極26に届くことはなく、大きな問題にならない。
 また、実施形態1に係る半導体装置1によれば、リード30は、断面で見たときに、凸部38の部分で半導体チップ20側に折り曲げられているため、簡便に凸部38を形成することができる。また、凸部38は、リード30が折り曲げられてなるため、リード30と樹脂80とが剥離し難く、樹脂80とリード30との接合強度を高くすることができる。
 また、実施形態1に係る半導体装置1によれば、電極接続片32は、電極接続片32の半導体チップ20側の面とは反対側の面から見て、凸部38に対応した凹部が形成されているため、樹脂封止工程S600において注入される樹脂80が当該凹部にも注入されることとなり、樹脂80とリード30とがより一層高い密着性で樹脂封止される。従って、樹脂80とリード30との接合強度をより一層高くすることができる。
 また、実施形態1に係る半導体装置1によれば、電極接続片32は、平面的に見てはんだ40全体を覆うように配置されているため、はんだ材41の上方からのはんだやフラックスの飛散を電極接続片32で防ぐことができる。すなわち、実施形態1に係る半導体装置1によれば、はんだ材41の上方については電極接続片32で、はんだ材41の側面については凸部38で、それぞれはんだやフラックスが遠くまで飛散することを防ぐことができる。従って、ゲート電極26の表面上にはんだやフラックスが付着することをより一層防ぎ易くなり、後のワイヤボンディング工程においてゲート電極26とワイヤ70の接合強度がより低下し難くなり、信頼性が低下し難くすることができる。
 また、実施形態1に係る半導体装置1によれば、はんだの厚さは、300μm以上であるため、半導体チップ20とリード30との間のはんだ40に作用する応力(例えば熱応力)を緩和することができ、はんだ40にクラックが入る等の不具合が生じ難くなる。その結果、信頼性が高い半導体装置となる。この観点で言えば、上記した不具合をより生じ難くするためには、はんだ40の厚さが400μm以上であることが好ましく、はんだ40の厚さが500μm以上であることがより一層好ましい。
 また、実施形態1に係る半導体装置の製造方法によれば、一方の面に突出した凸部38が形成された電極接続片32を有するリード30を、エミッタ電極24と電極接続片32とがはんだ材41を挟んで対向した状態、かつ、凸部38が、平面的に見て、電極接続片32におけるはんだ材41との接合面のゲート電極側の縁部37とゲート電極との間、又は、電極接続片32におけるはんだ材41との接合面36のゲート電極側の縁部37と接する位置に位置した状態、かつ、凸部38が、半導体チップ20側に向かって突出した状態となるように配置してなる組立体50を形成する組立体形成工程を含むため、接合工程において、はんだ材41中のフラックスが急激に蒸発してはんだやフラックスが飛散したとしても、当該凸部38によってゲート電極の表面上にはんだやフラックスが付着することを防ぐことができる。従って、後のワイヤボンディング工程においてゲート電極26とワイヤ70との間の接合強度が低下し難く、信頼性が低下し難い半導体装置を製造することができる。
[実施形態2]
 実施形態2に係る半導体装置2は、基本的には実施形態1に係る半導体装置と同様の構成を有するが、凸部の位置が実施形態1に係る半導体装置1の場合とは異なる。すなわち、実施形態2に係る半導体装置2においては、平面的に見て、電極接続片におけるはんだ40との接合面のゲート電極26側の縁部37とゲート電極26との間ではなく、電極接続片32におけるはんだ40との接合面のゲート電極26側の縁部37と接する位置に半導体チップ20側に向かって突出した凸部38aを有する(図5参照。)。
 凸部38aは、凸部38aのはんだ40側(側面及び頂上部のはんだ40側)がはんだ40の側面上側及び中央付近と接している。凸部38aの頂上部からエミッタ電極24にかけてのはんだ40の外形形状は、フィレット形状を形成している。
 このように、実施形態2に係る半導体装置2は、凸部の位置が実施形態1に係る半導体装置1とは異なるが、電極接続片32は、平面的に見て、電極接続片32におけるはんだ40との接合面36のゲート電極26側の縁部37と接する位置に半導体チップ20側に向かって突出した凸部38aを有するため、製造過程において接合工程でリフローしたときに、はんだ材中のフラックスが急激に蒸発してはんだやフラックスが飛散したとしても、飛散したはんだやフラックスが凸部に当たり、当該凸部38aによってゲート電極26の表面上にはんだやフラックスが付着し難くなる。従って、後のワイヤボンディング工程においてゲート電極26とワイヤ70と接合強度が低下し難くなり、信頼性が低下し難くなる。
 また、実施形態2に係る半導体装置2によれば、電極接続片32は、平面的に見て、電極接続片32におけるはんだ40との接合面36のゲート電極26側の縁部37と接する位置に半導体チップ20側に向かって突出した凸部38aを有するため、凸部38aの一方の側面及び頂上部が、はんだ40の側面の上部及び中央部と接することになり、はんだ40とリード30との接合面積が大きくなる。従って、はんだ40とリード30との間の接合強度が高くなり、信頼性が高くなる。
 なお、実施形態2に係る半導体装置2は、凸部の位置以外の点においては実施形態1に係る半導体装置1と同様の構成を有するため、実施形態1に係る半導体装置1が有する効果のうち該当する効果を有する。
 以上、本発明を上記の各実施形態に基づいて説明したが、本発明は上記の各実施形態に限定されるものではない。その趣旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々の態様において実施することが可能であり、例えば、次のような変形も可能である。
(1)上記各実施形態において記載した材質、形状、位置、大きさ等は例示であり、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲において変更することが可能である。
(2)上記各実施形態においては、リード30の一部の厚さを厚くして凸部(図6の変形例1に係る半導体装置3の凸部38b)を形成してもよい。
(3)上記各実施形態においては、半導体装置は、半導体チップを1つ備えることとしたが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。例えば、半導体装置は、半導体チップを2つ備えてもよいし(図7参照。)、半導体チップを3以上備えてもよい。
 半導体チップを2つ備える半導体装置としては、例えば、以下のような、2つの半導体チップをカスコード接続した半導体装置(変形例2に係る半導体装置4、図7参照。)が考えられる。変形例2に係る半導体装置4においては、半導体チップ20cのエミッタ電極24cはリード30cと電気的に接続され、半導体チップ20cのコレクタ電極22cは、基板10cの回路16cを介してリード30dと接続されるとともに、半導体チップ20dのエミッタ電極24dとリード30dを介して電気的に接続され、図示されていないが半導体チップ20dのコレクタ電極22dは回路16dを介してリード66と接続されている(図7(a)及び図7(b)参照。)。このような構成の半導体装置においても、リード30c,30dに凸部を形成してもよい(リード30cについては凸部38c。図7(c)参照。)。
(4)上記各実施形態においては、電極接続片32におけるはんだ40との接合面36のゲート電極26側の辺にのみ凸部を形成したが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。電極接続片32におけるはんだ40との接合面36のゲート電極26側の辺以外の部分に凸部を形成してもよい。このような構成とすることにより、ゲート電極以外の部分にはんだやフラックスが飛散することを防ぐことができるため、信頼性がより一層低下し難い半導体装置となる。
(5)上記各実施形態においては、半導体チップ20を3端子のIGBTとしたが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。半導体チップ20を他の3端子の半導体素子(例えば、MOSFET)としてよいし、半導体チップ20を2端子の半導体素子(例えば、ダイオード)としてよいし、半導体チップ20を4端子以上の半導体素子(4端子としては、例えばサイリスタ)としてもよい。
(6)上記各実施形態において、半導体装置を、半導体チップの一方の面にコレクタ電極を有し、他方の面にエミッタ電極及びゲート電極を有する、いわゆる縦型の半導体装置としたが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。例えば、半導体装置を、半導体チップの一方の面に全ての電極を有する、いわゆる横型の半導体装置としてもよい。
 1,2,3,4…半導体装置、10,10a,10b,10c,10d…基板、12,12a,12b,12c,12d…チップ配置面、14,14a,14b,14c,14d…絶縁性基板、16,16a,16b、16c,16d…回路、18、18a,18b,18c,18d…放熱用の金属板、20,20a,20b,20c,20d…チップ、22,22a,22b,22c,22d…コレクタ電極、24,24a,24b,24c,24d…エミッタ電極(主電極)、26…ゲート電極(制御電極)、30,30a,30b,30c,30d,62,64,66…リード、32,32a,32b,32c,32d…電極接続片、34,34c…外部接続端子、36…(はんだとの)接合面、37…接合面のゲート電極側の縁部、38,38a,38b,38c…凸部、40,40c,40d,46,46c,46d…はんだ、41,45…はんだ材、50…組立体、70…ワイヤ、80…樹脂

Claims (8)

  1.  半導体チップ配置面を有する基板と、
     前記半導体チップ配置面上に配置され、前記半導体チップ配置面と対向する面とは反対側の面に形成された主電極及び前記主電極とは離間した位置に形成された制御電極を有する半導体チップと、
     少なくとも一部がはんだを介して前記主電極と接合された電極接続片を有するリードとを備え、
     前記電極接続片は、平面的に見て、前記電極接続片における前記はんだとの接合面の制御電極側の縁部と前記制御電極との間、又は、前記電極接続片における前記はんだとの接合面の制御電極側の縁部と接する位置に、前記半導体チップ側に向かって突出した凸部を有することを特徴とする半導体装置。
  2.  前記凸部は、平面的に見て、前記半導体チップが配置されている領域内に配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体装置。
  3.  前記凸部は、前記半導体チップとは接触していないことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の半導体装置。
  4.  前記凸部は、前記主電極と前記電極接続片とを前記はんだで接合する接合工程において前記はんだの側面から飛散するはんだボールが前記制御電極に到達することを遮る配置構成で前記電極接続片に設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の半導体装置。
  5.  前記リードは、断面で見たときに、前記凸部の部分で前記半導体チップ側に折り曲げられていることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の半導体装置。
  6.  前記電極接続片における前記半導体チップ配置面と対向する面とは反対側の面から見て、前記電極接続片には、前記凸部に対応した凹部が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の半導体装置。
  7.  前記電極接続片は、平面的に見て前記はんだ全体を覆うように配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の半導体装置。
  8.  請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の半導体装置を製造するための半導体装置の製造方法であって、
     半導体チップ配置面を有する基板の前記半導体チップ配置面上に、主電極及び前記主電極とは離間した位置に形成された制御電極が、前記半導体チップ配置面と対向する面とは反対側の面に位置するように半導体チップを配置する半導体チップ配置工程と、
     一方の面に突出した凸部が形成された電極接続片を有するリードを、前記主電極と前記電極接続片とがはんだ材を挟んで対向した状態、かつ、前記凸部が、平面的に見て、前記電極接続片における前記はんだ材との接合面の制御電極側の縁部と前記制御電極との間、又は、前記電極接続片における前記はんだ材との接合面の制御電極側の縁部と接する位置に位置した状態、かつ、前記凸部が、前記半導体チップ側に向かって突出した状態となるように配置して組立体を形成する組立体形成工程と、
     前記はんだ材を溶融した後で固化することにより、前記主電極と前記電極接続片とをはんだを介して接合する接合工程とを含むことを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。
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