WO2019124485A1 - 溶融めっき鋼線およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
溶融めっき鋼線およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019124485A1 WO2019124485A1 PCT/JP2018/046961 JP2018046961W WO2019124485A1 WO 2019124485 A1 WO2019124485 A1 WO 2019124485A1 JP 2018046961 W JP2018046961 W JP 2018046961W WO 2019124485 A1 WO2019124485 A1 WO 2019124485A1
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- steel wire
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- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
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- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C18/00—Alloys based on zinc
- C22C18/04—Alloys based on zinc with aluminium as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
- C23C2/29—Cooling or quenching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
- C23C2/36—Elongated material
- C23C2/38—Wires; Tubes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hot-dip galvanized steel wire and a method of manufacturing the same.
- Priority is claimed on Japanese Patent Application No. 2017-243434, filed Dec. 20, 2017, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- the hot-dip galvanized steel wire produced by using a hot-rolled wire as a raw material descaling the steel wire after hot rolling and further coating treatment is then reduced in diameter by plastic working with a die or a roll, and a plating pretreatment step After activation treatment of the surface by pickling, flux treatment, etc., it is immersed in a bath of molten metal to form a metal film on the surface of the steel wire, and is manufactured.
- the purpose of the hot-dip plating is mainly to improve the corrosion resistance, and here, a molten metal film such as zinc and a zinc-aluminum (Al) alloy is formed to suppress corrosion of iron by a sacrificial anticorrosive action of zinc.
- the thicker the coating the better the corrosion resistance.
- corrosion resistance is improved by alloying with Al and other components.
- plating components containing a small amount of Mg together with Zn and Al provide high corrosion resistance.
- a plating component containing a slight amount of Mg there is a problem that the processability is deteriorated due to the formation of a hard intermetallic compound consisting of Zn and Mg.
- the hot-dip galvanized steel wire is required to have not only corrosion resistance but also workability such that plating peeling or cracking does not occur during post-processing.
- Patent Document 1 proposes plating that improves workability by thinning an alloy layer containing Fe at a ground iron interface.
- Patent Document 2 proposes a plated structure which disperses an intermetallic compound of MgZn 2 to improve the corrosion resistance.
- Patent documents 3 and 4 propose plated wires which limit the ⁇ phase to 20% or less and improve the workability and corrosion resistance.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and there is no cracking or peeling of the plating layer when performing winding processing or wire drawing processing, and the corrosion resistance is higher than that of Zn plated steel wire or Zn-Al hot-dip galvanized steel wire It is an object of the present invention to provide a hot-dip galvanized steel wire from which the
- a hot-dip galvanized steel wire according to an aspect of the present invention includes a plated steel wire and a plated layer disposed on the surface of the plated steel wire, and the component of the plated layer is mass%, Mg: 0.10% to 1.00%, Al: 5.0% to 15.0%, Si: 0% to 2.0%, Fe: 0% to 1.0%, Sb: 0% to 1.0%, Pb: 0% to 1.0%, Sn: 0% to 1.0%, Ca: 0% to 1.0%, Co: 0% to 1.0 % Or less, Mo: 0% to 1.0%, Mn: 0% to 1.0%, P: 0% to 1.0%, B: 0% to 1.0%, Bi: 0 % To 1.0% or less, Cr: 0% to 1.0%, REM: 0% to 1.0%, Ni: 0% to 1.0%, Ti: 0% to 1.0% Below, Zr: 0 More than 1.0% and Sr: 0% or more and 1.0% or less, the balance is made
- the component of the plating layer may contain, by mass%, Si: 0.01% or more and 2.0% or less.
- the component of the plating layer is, by mass%, Fe: 0.01% or more and 1.0% or less, Sb: 0.01 % Or more and 1.0% or less, Pb: 0.01% or more and 1.0% or less, Sn: 0.01% or more and 1.0% or less, Ca: 0.01% or more and 1.0% or less, Co: 0 .01% to 1.0%, Mo: 0.01% to 1.0%, Mn: 0.01% to 1.0%, P: 0.01% to 1.0%, B 0.01% to 1.0%, Bi: 0.01% to 1.0%, Cr: 0.01% to 1.0%, and REM: 0.01% to 1.0% You may contain 1 type, or 2 or more types selected from the group which consists of the following.
- the component of the plating layer is, by mass%, Ni: 0.01% or more and 1.0% or less, One or two selected from the group consisting of Ti: 0.01% or more and 1.0% or less, Zr: 0.01% or more and 1.0% or less, and Sr: 0.01% or more and 1.0% or less You may contain the above.
- a method of producing a hot-dip galvanized steel wire according to another aspect of the present invention is a method of producing the hot-dip galvanized steel wire according to any one of (1) to (4) above, And a step of immersing the steel wire in a bath of molten metal, a step of pulling up the plated steel wire from the bath, and a step of cooling the plated steel wire thereafter, in the cooling, the plated steel After the surface temperature of the plating layer formed on the surface of the wire falls below the solidification completion temperature, the injection of the refrigerant to the steel wire to be plated is started, and in the cooling, the plating layer of the steel wire to be plated After the surface temperature falls below 280 ° C., the injection of the refrigerant to the plated steel wire is ended, and in the cooling, the average cooling rate of the surface of the plated layer of the plated steel wire is the injection of the refrigerant Surface temperature of the plating layer at the start of In a temperature range of up to 80 ° C., and
- the hot-dip galvanized steel wire of the present invention does not cause cracking or peeling in the plating layer even if it is subjected to winding processing or wire drawing processing after the plating film treatment, high corrosion resistance is obtained, and strength and ductility are not deteriorated. It is a hot-dip galvanized steel wire excellent in workability and corrosion resistance applicable to products, and its industrial contribution is extremely remarkable.
- the inventors of the present invention are hot-dip plating components consisting of, in mass%, Mg: 0.10 to 1.00%, Al: 5.0 to 15.0%, the balance being Zn and impurities.
- the effects of the structure of the plating layer on the workability and corrosion resistance were examined intensively.
- the present inventors have found that cracking of the plating layer is strongly affected by a phase containing 90% or more of Zn, and cracking of the plating layer can be reduced by appropriately controlling the crystal size of this phase.
- the present inventors also discovered that the strength reduction and ductility fall of a hot-dipped steel wire can also be suppressed by suppressing the crack of a plating layer.
- the present plating component contains Mg, and thus it has high corrosion resistance as compared to a hot-dip galvanized steel wire made of Zn—Al or Zn, and completed the present invention.
- the formation of the FeAl intermetallic compound at the interface between the base iron and the plating is suppressed by the hot-dip plating component optionally containing Si in addition to Zn, Al and Mg, and the processability is further improved. It was found.
- a phase having a high Al concentration is formed as primary crystals at the beginning of solidification, and then Zn is formed.
- a phase containing 90% or more (hereinafter referred to as a Zn phase) and an MgZn phase are formed.
- the hard MgZn phase is distributed and precipitated at the grain boundaries of the Zn phase and the Al primary.
- the corrosion resistance of the hot-dip galvanized steel wire is improved by the MgZn phase maintaining the sacrificial anticorrosion effect of the Zn phase and forming a stable protective film. Therefore, the fine and uniform distribution of the MgZn phase is effective in improving the corrosion resistance of the hot-dip galvanized steel wire.
- the presence of the Zn phase and the distribution of the crystal grain diameter are appropriate in order to suppress cracking and peeling of the plating layer during processing and ensure processability and corrosion resistance. Control is important. In order to properly control the grain size of the plating layer, it is important to control the cooling start temperature and the cooling rate.
- the hot-dip galvanized steel wire which concerns on this embodiment has a to-be-plated steel wire and the predetermined
- the component of the steel wire to be plated is not particularly limited, and may be a component of JIS G 3505: 2017 mild steel wire, JIS G 3506: 2017 hard steel wire, and JIS G 3502: 2013 piano wire, for example.
- the hot-dip galvanized steel wire according to the present embodiment is obtained, for example, by using a hot-rolled material having such components as a raw material and subjecting the material to cold working as appropriate, followed by forming a hot-dip plating layer on the surface thereof. It is a plated steel wire.
- composition of Plating Layer Hereinafter, the unit “%” in the composition of the plating layer is “mass%”.
- Mg 0.10% or more and 1.00% or less Mg stabilizes the corrosion product and has an action of suppressing the progress of corrosion.
- 0.10% or more of Mg is required as a plating component.
- the plating component contains Mg at 1.00% or more, a large amount of hard ZnMg intermetallic compound is generated, the plating layer becomes hard, and cracking easily occurs in the processing step of the hot-dip galvanized steel wire, locally In some cases, plating peeling may occur and the processability may be reduced. Therefore, it is preferable to set less than 1.00% as the upper limit of the amount of Mg in the plating component.
- the amount of Mg in the plating component may be 0.30% or more, 0.40% or more, 0.50% or more, 0.60% or more, 0.70% or more, or 0.80% or more.
- the amount of Mg in the plating component may be 0.80% or less, 0.70% or less, 0.60% or less, 0.50% or less, 0.40% or less, or 0.30% or less.
- Al 5.0% or more and 15.0% or less Al also has an effect of stabilizing a corrosion product as Mg. If the amount of Al in the plating component is less than 5.0%, the effect is reduced, and it is difficult to obtain the corrosion resistance improvement effect. On the other hand, when the amount of Al in the plating component exceeds 15.0%, the effect is saturated, and the melting point of the plating bath becomes high, and the oxidation of the surface tends to proceed. Therefore, it is preferable to make Al content in a plating component into 15.0% or less.
- the amount of Al in the plating component is 7.0% or more, 7.5% or more, 8.0% or more, 9.0% or more, 10.0% or more, 11.0% or more, or 12.0% or more It may be In addition, the amount of Al in the plating component is 12.0% or less, 11.0% or less, 10.0% or less, 9.0% or less, 8.0% or less, 7.5% or less, or 7.0% or less It may be
- Si 0% or more and 2.0% or less Si may not be contained in the plating layer, so the lower limit value of the Si content in the plating component is 0%.
- Si contained in the plating layer generates Mg 2 Si in the plating layer, and is an element effective for improving the corrosion resistance.
- Si has the effect of suppressing the reaction between Fe and Al at the interface of the base iron, suppressing the formation of intermetallic compounds mainly composed of Fe and Al, and enhancing the processability of the plated steel wire.
- the Si content in the plating component is set to 2.0% or less.
- the content of Si in the plating component is preferably 0.01% or more, 0.05% or more, or 0.10% or more. Further, the content of Si in the plating component may be 1.00% or less, 0.90% or less, or 0.85% or less.
- Fe 0% to 1.0%
- Sb 0% to 1.0%
- Pb 0% to 1.0%
- Ca 0% to 1.0%
- Co 0% to 1 .0% or less
- P 0% or more and 1.0% or less
- B 0% or more and 1.0% or less
- Bi 0% or more and 1.0% or less
- REM 0% or more and 1.0% or less
- the Fe, Sb, Pb, Ca, Co, P, B, Bi, and REM may not be contained in the plating layer, and the content of these elements in the plating component is not limited. Lower limit value is 0%. On the other hand, when one or more of these elements are contained in the plating layer, the corrosion resistance of the plating layer is further improved.
- the upper limit of the content in the case of including these arbitrary elements was determined as described above. In order to reliably obtain the above effects, it is desirable that the content of each element be 0.01% or more.
- the lower limit value of these contents in the plating component is 0%.
- the content of each element is preferably 0.01% or more.
- Mo 0% or more, 1.0% or less Mo may not be contained in the plating layer, so the lower limit of the Mo content in the plating component is 0%.
- Mo when Mo is contained in the plating layer, improvement in corrosion resistance of the plating layer and improvement in wear resistance of the plating layer can be expected. However, if it exceeds 1.0%, the plated layer may become hard and the processability may decrease, so the upper limit was set to 1.0%.
- the Mo content is preferably 0.01% or more.
- the lower limit value of the content of these elements in the plating component is 0%.
- the upper limit of the content in the case of containing these arbitrary elements was set to 1.0% or less.
- the content of each element is preferably 0.01% or more.
- the remainder of the components of the plating layer In the components of the plating layer containing Zn and impurities, Mg and Al, and optional elements Si, Fe, Sb, Pb, Sn, Ca, Co, Mo, Mn, P, B, Except for Bi, Cr, REM, Ni, Ti, Zr, and Sr, the remainder is Zn and containing impurities.
- Impurities are components that are mixed in due to various factors of the molten metal raw material or the manufacturing process when industrially producing the plating layer, and within a range that does not adversely affect the hot-dip galvanized steel wire according to the present embodiment. Means something that is acceptable.
- the components of the plating layer can be identified by the following means.
- the C cross section (cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the plated steel wire) of the plated steel wire is polished, and the area of the plated layer portion on this polished surface is quantitatively analyzed by EPMA (Electron Probe Micro Analyzer).
- EPMA Electro Probe Micro Analyzer
- the plating layer portion not including the alloy layer is analyzed.
- An average value of values obtained by performing this measurement at three places is regarded as a component of the plated layer of the plated steel wire.
- phase (Zn phase) containing 90% or more of Zn in mass% Mg Plating containing 0.1% or more and less than 1.0% and Al: 5.0% or more and 15.0% or less
- a phase mainly composed of Zn (Zn phase) and ZnMg And a eutectic structure (ZnMg phase) is formed.
- the Zn phase at this time has a Zn concentration of at least 90%. Since the Zn phase is a soft phase, the plating layer becomes hard and the workability of the hot-dip galvanized steel wire decreases when the proportion thereof is less than 25% in area ratio to the entire structure of the plating layer. On the other hand, when the proportion of the Zn phase exceeds 70% in the area ratio to the entire structure of the plating layer, the Zn phase becomes excessive, the corrosion resistance becomes the same as Zn plating, and the corrosion resistance improvement effect can not be obtained. Therefore, the abundance ratio of the Zn phase is 25 to 70% in area ratio to the entire structure of the plating layer. More preferably, the area ratio of Zn phase is 30% or more, 35% or more, or 40% or more. More preferably, the area ratio of Zn phase is 80% or less, 70% or less, 60% or less, or 50%.
- the crystal grain size of the Zn phase which is a phase containing 90% or more of Zn in mass%, varies depending on the cooling rate of the plating layer at the production stage of the hot-dip galvanized steel wire and is distributed in a certain range have.
- the Zn phase has a fine grain size
- the cooling rate is slow
- the Zn phase has a coarse grain size.
- the occurrence and progress of cracking when strain acts on the plated layer largely differ depending on the form and particle size of the Zn phase.
- the grain size of the Zn phase is large, cracks propagate in the grains of the Zn phase, and large open cracks are generated on the surface of the plating layer.
- the Zn phase is fine, cracks may occur along the grain boundaries of the Zn phase, and the cracks may not penetrate the plating layer, and may remain as fine cracks.
- the cracks in the case of a finer Zn phase structure, although cracks develop in the grain boundaries, the cracks apparently progress substantially linearly, and the cracks progress to the ground iron (plated steel wire), and corrosion resistance is It can lead to a reduction and a decrease in ductility.
- the crystal grain size of the Zn phase in order to suppress the occurrence of cracks, it is necessary to properly control the crystal grain size of the Zn phase, and the minimum grain size is 2 ⁇ m and the maximum grain size is 5 ⁇ m. That is, in the hot-dip galvanized steel wire according to the present embodiment, it is necessary to increase as much as possible the amount of Zn phase having a circle-converted crystal grain diameter of 2 to 5 ⁇ m.
- the Zn phase having a grain size of 2 to 5 ⁇ m is preferably 20 area% or more of all Zn phases. It is preferable that the area ratio of the Zn phase having a grain diameter of 2 to 5 ⁇ m, which is converted to a circle, accounts for all the Zn phases be as large as possible, and the upper limit thereof is 100%.
- the area ratio of the Zn phase having a particle diameter of 2 to 5 ⁇ m in terms of a circle, which accounts for all the Zn phase may be defined as 30% or more, 40% or more, or 45% or more.
- the area ratio of the Zn phase having a particle diameter of 2 to 5 ⁇ m in terms of a circle, which accounts for all the Zn phase may be defined as 95% or less, 90% or less, or 80% or less.
- the lower limit of the crystal grain size of the Zn phase is more preferably 2.5 ⁇ m.
- the more preferable upper limit of the particle size which suppresses the crack growth of Zn phase is 4.5 micrometers. It is more preferable to set the abundance ratio of the Zn phase having a grain size of 2.5 to 4.5 ⁇ m in terms of a circle when converted to a circle to 30 to 100% after satisfying the above requirements.
- the plating layer structure is quantified according to the following procedure. First, the C cross section of the plating layer (the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the hot-dip galvanized steel wire) is observed by a reflection electron image of a scanning electron microscope (SEM: Scanning Electron Microscope) to identify the plating layer region. As described later, in the hot-dip galvanized steel wire according to the present embodiment, an alloy layer, a base plating layer, and the like may be provided between the base iron and the plating layer, but in quantifying the plating layer structure, The alloy layer and the base plating layer are excluded from analysis.
- SEM Scanning Electron Microscope
- the distribution of the components of the plating layer is analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) (so-called surface analysis).
- EDS energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry
- the phase specified by this and having a Zn concentration of 90% is judged as the Zn phase.
- the abundance ratio of the Zn phase in the cross section to be measured is determined.
- the coating weight is not necessarily limited is not the sole, for example from 50 g / m 2 approximately thin plating to 300 g / m 2 or more thick plating, broad numerical range depending on the application Can be selected.
- the coating weight is not necessarily limited is not the sole, for example from 50 g / m 2 approximately thin plating to 300 g / m 2 or more thick plating, broad numerical range depending on the application Can be selected.
- the thickness of the plating layer of the hot-dip galvanized steel wire according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited.
- the thickness of the plating layer may be in the range of 7 to 55 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the plating layer is SEM observation of the plating layer in the C cross section, and the thickness of the plating layer portion including the alloy layer is measured at eight circumferential points including the maximum plating thickness and the minimum plating thickness, It can be determined as the average of eight points.
- a method of manufacturing the hot-dip galvanized steel wire according to the present embodiment will be described.
- the method for producing the plated steel wire is not particularly limited.
- FIG. 1 An example of the manufacturing process of a hot-dipped steel wire is shown in FIG. After the scale (iron oxide) generated on the surface of the hot rolled wire is pickled or mechanically removed, and further coated on the surface of the hot rolled wire, the hot rolled wire is subjected to cold drawing such as wire drawing with dies or rolls.
- a wire to-be-plated steel wire 1 is obtained by adjusting to the target wire diameter by in-process. After heat-treating this to-be-plated steel wire 1 arbitrarily, degreasing, pickling, and primary plating by electric Zn plating or hot dip galvanization are performed by the plating pretreatment device 2.
- the first plated steel wire 1 is dipped in a bath in which the plated metal of the component of the plated layer in the production of the hot-dip galvanized steel wire according to the present embodiment is melted, and the molten metal is plated on the surface of the steel wire 1 Form a coating of 3.
- the molten metal is cooled and solidified to form a plating layer.
- the primary plating and the hot-dip plating may be carried out by continuously passing the plated steel wire 1 and immersing.
- the structure of the plating layer is controlled by controlling the conditions of forced cooling performed by the secondary cooling device 5 after the plated steel wire 1 is pulled up from the molten metal bath and allowed to cool by the primary cooling device 4 It will be possible.
- the cooling start temperature and the average cooling rate in the secondary cooling device 5 are important for controlling the structure of the plating layer.
- the cooling start temperature in the secondary cooling device 5 refers to the surface temperature of the plated steel wire 1 when the secondary cooling device 5 starts the injection of the refrigerant to the plated steel wire 1.
- the refrigerant is, for example, water, gas, and mist, but is not limited thereto.
- the free cooling is the cooling before the forcible cooling of the plating layer in the secondary cooling device 5, and the temperature difference between the plated steel wire 1 and the ambient temperature of the primary cooling device 4 without spraying the refrigerant It refers to cooling the plated steel wire 1 using it.
- the average cooling rate in this cooling is the surface temperature (molten metal temperature) of the plated steel wire 1 when the plated steel wire 1 is pulled up from the bath of molten metal and the plated steel wire 1 in the secondary cooling device 5.
- the difference between the surface temperature of the steel wire 1 to be plated and the surface temperature of the steel wire 1 before starting the injection of the refrigerant is from pulling up the steel wire 1 to be plated from the molten metal bath to the injection of the refrigerant to the steel wire 1 Divided by the time of In the case of free cooling, it is preferable to perform cooling at a cooling rate with an average cooling rate of less than 50 ° C./s.
- the forced cooling initiation temperature is important.
- the solidification completion temperature is a temperature at which all the plating layers become solid phase. When the temperature of the plating layer is between the solidification start temperature and the solidification completion temperature, the plating layer is in a solid-liquid mixed state.
- the lower limit value of the forced cooling start temperature is the temperature at which the liquid phase disappears in the equilibrium state, and the value of the equilibrium state determined from the component of the molten metal by Thermo-Calc of the integrated thermodynamic calculation software. It is. It is preferable that the completion
- the average cooling rate in forced cooling is 50 ° C./s to 150 ° C./s in the temperature range from the surface temperature of the plating layer at the start of the injection of the refrigerant to 280 ° C. Control. More preferably, the temperature is 70 ° C./s to 130 ° C./s.
- the average cooling rate is the difference between the above-described cooling start temperature and 280 ° C., the time from the start of the refrigerant injection to the surface temperature of the plating layer reaching 280 ° C. It is the divided value.
- the average cooling rate is the difference between the cooling start temperature and the surface temperature of the plating layer at the end of the refrigerant injection from the start of the refrigerant injection It is regarded as the value divided by the time until
- the average cooling rate in forced cooling can be adjusted by the cooling method, and in the water cooling method, it can be controlled by adjusting the amount of cooling water, the cooling time, and the like.
- the method of using two nozzles of a fluid, an air-water, a water film, or the like as the cooling nozzle or injecting a specific gas may control the average cooling rate in forced cooling in some cases.
- the forced cooling method is not limited to the above method, and any cooling method is applicable.
- characteristics such as the steel component and strength of the plated steel wire to be plated are not particularly limited.
- a steel containing C: 0.01 to 1.2%, Si: 0.01 to 1.5%, Mn: 0.01 to 2.0%, the balance containing iron and impurities, the above-described alloying elements In addition to the above, a steel material containing 0.5% or less of Cr, a steel material containing Ti, B, Al, Cu, Mo, Sn, etc. in addition to the above-mentioned alloy elements, etc., according to this embodiment. Can be plated steel wire.
- the surface of the steel wire to be plated may be subjected to galvanization, galvanization, and galvanizing (for example, Al, Zn alloy to which Mg is added, etc.). That is, the hot-dip galvanized steel wire according to the present embodiment may further have the above-described base plated layer between the plated layer having the components described above and the steel wire to be plated.
- an alloy layer containing Fe-Al-Zn-Mg as a main component having a thickness of 1 ⁇ m or more may be formed at the interface between the ground iron which is a steel wire to be plated and the plating layer.
- the wire diameter of the hot-dip galvanized steel wire is also not particularly limited, and can be, for example, 2.0 mm to 5.0 mm.
- the components of the steel material of the hot-rolled wire rod having a wire diameter of 5.5 mm are shown in Table 1. Dry drawing was performed on the hot-rolled wire rod. The hot-rolled wire rod was previously subjected to pickling to remove the scale and then subjected to a zinc phosphate coating treatment. Then, using a dry lubricant mainly composed of calcium stearate, the hot-rolled wire was drawn to a wire diameter of 2.51 mm under the condition of 1 pass reduction of area of 16 to 24%.
- base plating (primary plating) was applied to the steel wire to be plated, and then hot-dip plating was performed.
- Primary plating was either electroplating or hot-dip galvanizing.
- the manufacturing method in the case of using primary plating as electroplating was as follows. After degreasing the above-mentioned wire drawing material with an alkaline solution and removing the wire drawing lubricant, steel materials A and B are not heat-treated, but steel material C is heat-treated and pickled, electric Zn of 1 to 2 ⁇ m thickness is electroplated Plating was performed, followed by immersion in a molten metal containing Zn, Al, Mg, and optionally, optional additional elements, and pulled vertically from the bath to produce a hot-dip galvanized steel wire.
- the types of bath components and base plating are shown in Table 2-1.
- a thick alloy layer containing Fe—Al—Zn (Mg) is not formed at the interface between the base iron and the plating layer.
- the balance of the bath components described in Table 2-1 is Zn and impurities.
- a so-called pure Zn plating bath was used.
- the wire drawing material When primary plating is hot-dip galvanizing, the wire drawing material is degreased with an alkaline solution, and after removing the wire drawing lubricant, the steel materials A and B are not heat treated, but the steel material C is heat treated and pickled After that, it is dipped in a bath in which Zn is melted, a hot-dip galvanized layer is formed on the surface, and then temporarily wound or dipped continuously in a molten metal containing Zn, Al, Mg and, if necessary, optional elements.
- the plating wire was manufactured by pulling vertically from the bath.
- the hot-dip galvanized wire manufactured by this process has an alloy layer mainly composed of Fe-Al-Zn-Mg with a thickness of 1 ⁇ m or more formed at the interface between the base iron and the plating layer. If the primary plating is electroplating, no alloy layer is formed at the hot-dip interface with the ground iron, and if the primary plating is hot-dip galvanizing, an alloy layer is formed at the hot-iron and hot-dip interface Become.
- the cooling start temperature after pulling up from the bath, and the cooling rate, hot-dip galvanized steel wires having different compositions and structures of the plated layer were manufactured.
- the plating adhesion amount was adjusted to 300 to 350 g / m 2 .
- the forced cooling by spraying the refrigerant was performed to 280 ° C. or less.
- the cooling start temperature which is the coolant spraying temperature, and the average cooling rate from the cooling start to 280 ° C. are shown in Table 2-2.
- the solidification completion temperature calculated from the chemical composition of the molten metal by Thermo-Calc, an integrated thermodynamic calculation software, is also shown in Table 2-2.
- the winding processability evaluation of the hot-dipped steel wire was carried out by the following method.
- the hot-dip galvanized steel wire was wound six times around the outer circumference of the steel wire having an outer diameter four times the diameter of the hot-dip galvanized steel wire, and the appearance of cracking of the hot-dip galvanized steel wire was investigated by appearance and cross-sectional observation. When no crack was observed on the surface of the plated layer and the cross section of the plated layer, the winding workability of the hot-dip galvanized steel wire was judged to be extremely good (VERY GOOD), and it was described as "VG" in the table.
- VERY GOOD extremely good
- the corrosion resistance of the hot-dip galvanized steel wire was evaluated by the following method.
- the salt spray test described in JIS Z 2371: 2015 “salt water spray test method” was performed on the non-strand-processed hot-dip galvanized steel wire.
- the corrosion loss of the hot-dip galvanized steel wire was evaluated by corrosion loss of the hot-dip galvanized steel wire after salt spray of 1000 hours.
- An index was determined by setting the corrosion loss of a normal Zn plated steel wire (Zn plated steel wire of Comparative Example 27) to 100, and when the corrosion loss was 25% or less of Zn plating, it was judged that the corrosion resistance was extremely good.
- the corrosion loss was 25 to 40% of Zn plating, it was judged that the corrosion resistance was good.
- the corrosion loss was over 40% of Zn plating the effect of improving the corrosion resistance was small, and it was judged that the corrosion resistance was poor.
- a pure Zn plated steel wire, a Zn-5% Al plated steel wire, and a Zn-10% Al plated steel wire were similarly manufactured and the characteristics were evaluated.
- the drawability evaluation of the hot-dip galvanized steel wire was carried out by the following method.
- a plated steel wire which was melt-plated on a plated steel wire drawn to 2.51 mm was drawn using a die in a range of 15 to 20% of a surface reduction ratio per pass.
- Grasp the hot-dip galvanized steel wire after drawing with a distance between chucks specifically, the distance between chucks with a length 100 times the wire diameter of the wire drawing material
- the test was done.
- the wire drawing strain ⁇ was determined from the limit of the wire diameter at which longitudinal cracking (delamination) occurs in the torsion test.
- ⁇ is a value obtained by the following equation.
- Table 2-3 shows the results of evaluation of the characteristics of the hot-dip galvanized steel wire of the invention example and the comparative example.
- Tables 2-1 to 2-3 values outside the scope of the invention and values below the above acceptance criteria are underlined.
- the abundance ratio of Zn phase and the ratio of Zn phase with a circle equivalent diameter of 2 to 5 ⁇ m in all Zn phases in the inventive examples and comparative examples were determined according to the following procedure. First, the C cross section of the plating layer (the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the hot-dip galvanized steel wire) was observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the components of the solidified structure were analyzed with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) .
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the phase specified by this and having a Zn concentration of 90% was judged as the Zn phase.
- the abundance ratio of Zn phase was calculated
- the above section is analyzed by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), the large angle grain boundary of which crystal orientation angle difference is 15 degrees or more is regarded as a grain boundary, and the analysis result is analyzed by EBSD analysis software.
- the particle size distribution of the crystal grain which comprises a plating layer was calculated
- the distribution of the grain size was determined only in the region where the Zn concentration is 90% or more by combining with the analysis data of EDS.
- the area ratio of Zn phase with 2 to 5 ⁇ m of crystal grain size is integrated, and the ratio of Zn phase with 2 to 5 ⁇ m of crystal grain size to the area of all Zn phases is calculated. I asked for.
- the hot-dip galvanized steel wire of the present invention was compared with No. 1 of the comparison material.
- the same steel components are compared, and in all cases, 80% or more of the Zn plating wire as a standard and good wire drawability can be secured.
- the corrosion resistance was determined by comparing the No. No. 27, 28 and 29 pure Zn-plated materials, no. No. 30 Zn-10% Al plating and no.
- Favorable results were obtained in the inventive example as compared to Zn-5% Al of 31. No. of the present invention.
- the samples Nos. 7, 12, and 13 had corrosion resistances of 37, 35, and 32 because the amount of Mg was small, and they were corrosion resistance judged to be good.
- No. 1 of the plated steel wire of the present invention is a level judged to be good although the wire drawability is slightly lowered due to the high Mg content.
- Nos. 16, 19 to 26 contain an optional additional element other than Si, and the plated layer becomes hard because the plated layer becomes hard.
- the wire drawability is lower than that of the pure Zn plating of No. 27, but this level is also judged to be good.
- the drawability of the other plated steel wire of the present invention is equal to or higher than that of a pure Zn-plated steel wire.
- No. of the comparative example. 27 is pure Zn plating using a steel material A.
- No. 28 is pure Zn plating using a steel material B.
- No. 29 is pure Zn plating using a steel material C.
- plating was soft, and although both formability and drawability were good, white rust was generated early in the corrosion resistance test, and the corrosion rate was relatively fast.
- the corrosion resistance standard was described as "100" to be used as a reference of comparison. It was used as the standard of wire drawability for each steel material.
- No. No. 30 is Zn-10% Al plating (not including Mg), which is better in corrosion resistance than Zn plating, but is an example inferior in corrosion resistance to the present invention.
- 31 is also a Zn-5% Al plating (not containing Mg).
- the amount of Al is less than 30, and no. This is an example in which the corrosion resistance is inferior to 30.
- No. No. 32 is an example where Mg is below the lower limit of the present invention and corrosion resistance is inferior.
- No. The sample No. 33 has many Mg and is good in corrosion resistance, but is an example in which the winding workability and the wire drawing processability are inferior because the MgZn intermetallic compound is formed and the plating layer becomes hard.
- No. 34 is an example in which the amount of Al is below the lower limit of the present invention and corrosion resistance is poor, and since rapid cooling is performed from a temperature higher than the solidification completion temperature, cracking occurs in the plating layer and winding processability and wire drawing processability decrease.
- No. No. 35 is an example in which the amount of Al is large, the amount of Zn phase is small, the plated layer becomes hard, and the winding workability and the wire drawing workability decrease.
- No. No. 36 has a plating component within the scope of the present invention, but the cooling rate under production conditions is slow at 12 ° C./s, so the Zn phase becomes coarse and large, the corrosion resistance decreases, and a crack occurs in the winding test. is there.
- No. 37 is obtained by quenching before falling below the solidification completion temperature. Here, there were few suitable crystal grains of Zn phase and many fine grains. Therefore, no. No. 37 is an example in which although the winding processability is a pass level, the corrosion resistance and the wire drawing processability are lowered. No.
- the forced cooling start temperature is less than 280 ° C., that is, the forced cooling is started after cooling and solidification of the plated layer to a low temperature, so the structure of the plated layer becomes coarse and winding workability and wire drawing workability decrease.
- No. 41 is an example in which the average cooling rate at forced cooling is as slow as 40 ° C./s, the structure of the plating layer is coarsened, and the winding processability and the wire drawing processability are reduced.
- No. 42 is an example in which the average cooling rate at forced cooling is as fast as 180 ° C./s, cracks occur in the plating layer, and winding processability and wire drawing processability decrease.
- the hot-dip galvanized steel wire of the present invention is excellent in the processability and corrosion resistance of the plating layer and can be applied to various applications, so the industrial applicability is extremely high.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2017年12月20日に、日本に出願された特願2017-243434号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
(1)本発明の一態様に係る溶融めっき鋼線は、被めっき鋼線と、前記被めっき鋼線の表面に配されためっき層とを備え、前記めっき層の成分が、質量%で、Mg:0.10%以上1.00%未満、Al:5.0%以上15.0%以下、Si:0%以上2.0%以下、Fe:0%以上1.0%以下、Sb:0%以上1.0%以下、Pb:0%以上1.0%以下、Sn:0%以上1.0%以下、Ca:0%以上1.0%以下、Co:0%以上1.0%以下、Mo:0%以上1.0%以下、Mn:0%以上1.0%以下、P:0%以上1.0%以下、B:0%以上1.0%以下、Bi:0%以上1.0%以下、Cr:0%以上1.0%以下、REM:0%以上1.0%以下、Ni:0%以上1.0%以下、Ti:0%以上1.0%以下、Zr:0%以上1.0%以下、及びSr:0%以上1.0%以下を含有し、残部がZnおよび不純物からなり、前記めっき層の組織は、質量%でZnを90%以上含むZn相を面積率で25~70%有し、前記Zn相に占める、円換算した結晶粒径が2~5μmの粒径を有する前記Zn相の面積率が20~100%である。
(2)上記(1)に記載の溶融めっき鋼線では、前記めっき層の前記成分が、質量%で、Si:0.01%以上2.0%以下を含有してもよい。
(3)上記(1)または(2)に記載の溶融めっき鋼線では、前記めっき層の前記成分が、質量%で、Fe:0.01%以上1.0%以下、Sb:0.01%以上1.0%以下、Pb:0.01%以上1.0%以下、Sn:0.01%以上1.0%以下、Ca:0.01%以上1.0%以下、Co:0.01%以上1.0%以下、Mo:0.01%以上1.0%以下、Mn:0.01%以上1.0%以下、P:0.01%以上1.0%以下、B:0.01%以上1.0%以下、Bi:0.01%以上1.0%以下、Cr:0.01%以上1.0%以下、及びREM:0.01%以上1.0%以下からなる群から選ばれる1種または2種以上を含有してもよい。
(4)上記(1)~(3)のいずれか一項に記載の溶融めっき鋼線では、前記めっき層の前記成分が、質量%で、Ni:0.01%以上1.0%以下、Ti:0.01%以上1.0%以下、Zr:0.01%以上1.0%以下、及びSr:0.01%以上1.0%以下からなる群から選ばれる1種または2種以上を含有してもよい。
(5)本発明の別の態様に係る溶融めっき鋼線の製造方法は、上記(1)~(4)のいずれか一項に記載の溶融めっき鋼線を製造する方法であって、被めっき鋼線を溶融金属の浴に浸せきする工程と、前記被めっき鋼線を前記浴から引き上げる工程と、その後、前記被めっき鋼線を冷却する工程と、を備え、前記冷却において、前記被めっき鋼線の表面に形成されるめっき層の表面温度が、凝固完了温度を下回った後で、前記被めっき鋼線への冷媒の噴射を開始し、前記冷却において、前記被めっき鋼線のめっき層の表面温度が280℃を下回ってから、前記被めっき鋼線への前記冷媒の噴射を終了し、前記冷却において、前記被めっき鋼線の前記めっき層の表面の平均冷却速度を、前記冷媒の噴射の開始の際の前記めっき層の表面温度から280℃までの温度域において、50~150℃/sとする。
また、本発明者らは、めっき層の割れを抑制することにより、溶融めっき鋼線の強度低下や延性低下も抑制できることも見出した。
さらに本発明者らは、本めっき成分はMgを含有するためにZn-Al、あるいはZnからなる溶融めっき鋼線に比べ高い耐食性が得られることを見出し、本発明を完成した。
このとき、硬質なMgZn相はZn相とAl初晶との粒界に分布して析出する。このMgZn相がZn相の犠牲防食作用を維持し、安定な保護被膜を形成することで、溶融めっき鋼線の耐食性が改善される。このためMgZn相が微細かつ均一に分布することが、溶融めっき鋼線の耐食性の改善には有効である。
本実施形態に係る溶融めっき鋼線は、被めっき鋼線と、その表面に配された所定のめっき層とを有している。被めっき鋼線の成分は特に限定されず、例えば、JIS G 3505:2017の軟鋼線材、JIS G 3506:2017の硬鋼線材、及びJIS G 3502:2013のピアノ線材の成分としてもよい。本実施形態に係る溶融めっき鋼線は、例えばこのような成分を有する熱間圧延材を素材として、これに適宜冷間加工を施した後にその表面に溶融めっき層を形成することにより得られる溶融めっき鋼線である。
以下、めっき層の成分における単位「%」は「質量%」である。
Mgは腐食生成物を安定化させ、腐食の進行を抑制させる作用がある。この腐食抑制作用を得るためには、めっき成分としてMgが0.10%以上は必要である。一方、めっき成分が1.00%以上のMgを含むと、硬質なZnMg金属間化合物が多く生成し、めっき層が硬くなり、溶融めっき鋼線の加工工程で割れが発生しやすく、局部的にはめっき剥離が発生することがあり加工性が低下することがある。そのため、1.00%未満をめっき成分におけるMg量の上限とするのが好ましい。なお、めっき成分におけるMg量は0.30%以上、0.40%以上、0.50%以上、0.60%以上、0.70%以上、又は0.80%以上としてもよい。また、めっき成分におけるMg量は0.80%以下、0.70%以下、0.60%以下、0.50%以下、0.40%以下、又は0.30%以下としてもよい。
Alも、Mgと同様に腐食生成物を安定化させる効果がある。めっき成分におけるAl量が5.0%未満では、その効果が小さくなり、耐食性改善効果が得にくくなる。一方、めっき成分におけるAl量が15.0%を超える場合、効果が飽和するとともに、めっき浴の融点が高くなり表面の酸化が進行しやすくなる。そのために、めっき成分におけるAl量を15.0%以下とするのが好ましい。なお、めっき成分におけるAl量は7.0%以上、7.5%以上、8.0%以上、9.0%以上、10.0%以上、11.0%以上、又は12.0%以上としてもよい。また、めっき成分におけるAl量は12.0%以下、11.0%以下、10.0%以下、9.0%以下、8.0%以下、7.5%以下、又は7.0%以下としてもよい。
Siはめっき層に含まれなくても良いので、めっき成分におけるSi含有量の下限値は0%である。一方、めっき層に含まれるSiは、めっき層中にMg2Siを生成し、耐食性の改善に有効な元素である。さらにSiは、地鉄界面でのFeとAlとの反応を抑制し、主にFe及びAlからなる金属間化合物の生成を抑制し、めっき鋼線の加工性を高める効果を有する。しかしながら、めっき成分におけるSi量が2.0%を超える場合、その効果は飽和し、コスト的に不利となる。したがって、めっき成分におけるSi含有量を2.0%以下と定めた。上記効果を確実に得るためには、めっき成分におけるSiの含有量を0.01%以上、0.05%以上、又は0.10%以上とすることが好ましい。また、めっき成分におけるSiの含有量を1.00%以下、0.90%以下、又は0.85%以下としてもよい。
めっき層に、Fe、Sb、Pb、Ca、Co、P、B、Bi、及びREMは含有させなくても良いので、めっき成分におけるこれら元素の含有量の下限値は0%である。一方、これら元素の一種以上がめっき層に含まれる場合、さらにめっき層の耐食性が改善される。しかしながら、それぞれ1.0%を超えるこれら元素をめっき層に含有させても、その効果は飽和し、さらに加工性が低下するためコスト的に不利となる。したがって、これら任意元素を含有させる場合の含有量の上限をそれぞれ上述の通り定めた。上記効果を確実に得るためには、各元素の含有量をそれぞれ0.01%以上とすることが望ましい。
めっき層にSr、Cr、Mn、Snは含有させなくても良いので、めっき成分におけるこれらの含有量の下限値は0%である。一方、これら元素の1種以上がめっき層に含まれる場合、めっき層の耐食性改善、及びめっき層の加工性の改善が期待できる。しかしながら、1.0%を超えるとこれら成分の偏析が大きくなり、加工時に割れを発生し易くなることがあるので、上限を1.0%と定めた。上記効果を確実に得るためには、各元素の含有量をそれぞれ0.01%以上とすることが好ましい。
めっき層にMoは含有させなくても良いのでめっき成分におけるMo含有量の下限値は0%である。一方、Moがめっき層に含まれる場合、めっき層の耐食性改善、及びめっき層の耐摩耗性の改善が期待できる。しかしながら、1.0%を超えるとめっき層が硬くなり、加工性が低下することがあるので、上限を1.0%と定めた。上記効果を確実に得るためには、Mo含有量は0.01%以上とするのが好ましい。
めっき層に、Ni、Ti、Zr、及びSrは含有させなくても良いので、めっき成分におけるこれら元素の含有量の下限値は0%である。一方、これら元素がめっき層に含有される場合、これら元素はいずれもAlとの金属間化合物を晶出させ、溶融めっき鋼線の表面平滑性を向上させる効果を有する。しかしながら、これら元素を1.0%を超えてめっき層に含有させると、反対にめっき表面が粗くなり、外観不良が発生する。したがって、これら任意元素を含有させる場合の含有量の上限をそれぞれ1.0%以下と定めた。上記効果を確実に得るためには、各元素の含有量をそれぞれ0.01%以上とすることが好ましい。
めっき層の成分において、Mg、及びAl、並びに任意元素であるSi、Fe、Sb、Pb、Sn、Ca、Co、Mo、Mn、P、B、Bi、Cr、REM、Ni、Ti、Zr、及びSr以外は、Zn及び不純物を含む残部である。不純物とは、めっき層を工業的に製造する際に、溶融金属原材料、又は製造工程の種々の要因によって混入する成分であって、本実施形態に係る溶融めっき鋼線に悪影響を与えない範囲で許容されるものを意味する。
質量%でZnを90%以上含む相(Zn相)の存在比率
Mg:0.1%以上1.0%未満、及びAl:5.0%以上15.0%以下を含むめっき層の組織では、まず凝固開始の初期にAlを含む初晶が生成し、めっき層の温度低下にともないめっき層の凝固が進展し、そしてZnを主体とする相(Zn相)と、ZnMgからなる共晶組織(ZnMg相)とが生成する。
質量%でZnを90%以上含む相であるZn相の結晶粒径は、溶融めっき鋼線の製造段階におけるめっき層の冷却速度により変化し、ある範囲で分布を持つ。冷却速度が速い場合は、Zn相は微細な結晶粒径を有するものとなり、冷却速度が遅い場合は、Zn相は粗大な結晶粒径を有するものとなる。
また、電子線後方散乱回折法(EBSD:Electron BackScatter Diffraction)により上記断面を分析し、結晶方位の角度差が15度以上の大角粒界を結晶粒界とみなして、EBSD解析ソフトで分析結果を解析することで、めっき層を構成する結晶粒の粒径分布を求めることができる。EBSDによるZn相の結晶粒径を求めるときにEDSの分析データと複合化することで、Zn濃度が90%以上の領域についてのみ、結晶粒径の分布を求めることができる。結晶粒径が2~5μmのZn相の面積率を積算し、全Zn相の面積に対する結晶粒径が2~5μmのZn相の比率を算出することにより、分析対象となった断面における適正粒径のZn相の存在比率を求めることができる。この手順を3断面で繰り返し、これにより得られた3断面での適正粒径のZn相の存在比率の平均値を、溶融めっき鋼線における適正粒径のZn相の存在比率とする。
めっき付着量の測定は、JIS G 3548:2011「亜鉛めっき鋼線」に準じて実施する。具体的な手順は以下の通りである。ヘキサメチレンテトラミン3.5gを、質量分率35%の塩酸500mlに溶かし、その溶液を1Lに希釈した溶液に、長さ300mm~600mmに切断した溶融めっき鋼線を、気泡の発生がなくなるまで浸せきする。浸せき前の溶融めっき鋼線の重量(即ち、試験片のめっき皮膜を除去する前の質量)W1(g)、及びめっき層溶解後の鋼線の重量(即ち、試験片のめっき皮膜を除去した後の質量)W2(g)、及びめっき層溶解後の鋼線の線径d(mm)を測定する。これらの数値を以下の計算式に代入することで、めっき付着量A(g/m2)を求めることができる。
A=((W1-W2)/W2)×d×1960
次に、本実施形態に係る溶融めっき鋼線を製造する方法について説明する。本実施形態に係る溶融めっき鋼線の製造方法は、被めっき鋼線を溶融金属の浴に浸漬する工程と、被めっき鋼線を浴から引き上げる工程と、その後、被めっき鋼線を冷却する工程とを備える。被めっき鋼線の製造方法は特に限定されない。
めっき層の組織を制御するためには、強制冷却開始温度が重要である。凝固完了温度とは、めっき層が全て固相となる温度である。めっき層の温度が凝固開始温度と凝固完了温度との間にあるとき、めっき層は固液混合状態となっている。
本実施形態に係る溶融めっき鋼線のめっき層の組織を好ましく制御するためには、十分に早い強制冷却速度でめっき層を冷却することが必要である。めっき層の平均冷却速度が50℃/s未満では組織微細化効果が小さく、めっき層の組織が成長して、粗大化し、好ましいZn相粒径分布が得られなくなる。一方、150℃/sを超える平均冷却速度で強制冷却しても、組織の制御性が飽和するとともに、めっき層に凝固割れが発生し、加工性が低下する。そのため、本実施形態に係る製造方法では、強制冷却における平均冷却速度を、冷媒の噴射の開始の際のめっき層の表面温度から280℃までの温度域において50℃/秒~150℃/秒に制御する。より好ましくは70℃/秒~130℃/秒である。なお、2次冷却装置5における強制冷却において、平均冷却速度とは、上述の冷却開始温度と280℃との差を、冷媒噴射の開始からめっき層の表面温度が280℃になるまでの時間で割った値である。冷媒噴射が、めっき層の表面温度が280℃になる前に終了した場合、平均冷却速度は、冷却開始温度と冷媒噴射終了時のめっき層の表面温度との差を、冷媒噴射の開始から終了までの時間で割った値とみなされる。
1次めっきを電気めっきとする場合の製造方法は以下の通りとした。上述の伸線材をアルカリ溶液で脱脂し、伸線潤滑剤を除去後、鋼材A、Bは熱処理せずに、鋼材Cは熱処理を実施し、酸洗した後、厚さ1~2μmの電気Znめっきを行い、引き続きZn、Al、Mg、および必要に応じて任意添加元素を含む溶融金属に浸せきし、浴から垂直に引き上げて、溶融めっき鋼線を製造した。浴成分及び下地めっきの種類を表2-1に示す。このプロセスで製造した溶融めっき鋼線は、地鉄とめっき層との界面にFe-Al-Zn(Mg)を含む厚い合金層は形成されないものである。なお、表2-1に記載の浴成分の残部はZn及び不純物である。比較例27~29の製造では、いわゆる純Znめっき浴を用いた。
1次めっきを溶融亜鉛めっきとする場合は、伸線材をアルカリ液で脱脂し、伸線潤滑剤を除去後、鋼材A、Bは熱処理せずに、鋼材Cは熱処理を実施し、酸洗した後、Znが溶融した浴に浸せきし、表面に溶融亜鉛めっき層を形成した後一旦巻取り、もしくは連続して、Zn、Al、Mgおよび必要に応じて任意添加元素を含む溶融金属に浸せきし、浴から垂直に引き上げてめっき線を製造した。このプロセスで製造した溶融めっき線は、地鉄とめっき層界面に1μm以上の厚さのFe-Al-Zn-Mgを主成分とする合金層が形成されたものである。1次めっきが電気めっきの場合は、地鉄と溶融めっき界面に合金層は形成されず、1次めっきが溶融亜鉛めっきの場合は、地鉄と溶融めっき界面に合金層が形成されたものとなる。
ε=2×ln(d0/d)
d0:めっき鋼線径
d:伸線後の線径
表1の鋼材成分で、純Znめっき材の限界伸線加工歪み(ε)を100として、同じ鋼材成分の各種めっき鋼線の限界伸線加工歪みを指数化して伸線加工性指数として評価した。伸線加工性指数が100以上の場合は、伸線加工性が極めて良好と判断して表に「VG」と記載した。伸線加工性指数が80~100未満の場合は、伸線加工性が良好と判断して、表に「G」と記載した。伸線加工性指数が80未満の場合は、伸線加工性が不良であると判断して、表に「B」と記載した。
地鉄とめっき層界面にFe、Zn、Al合金層が生成した場合は、曲げ加工で合金層に優先して割れが発生する傾向が見られる場合はあるが、本発明の組織ではめっき層全体に亀裂が貫通せず、外観上割れは認められなかった。
伸線加工性に関しては、界面の合金層の影響は見られず、本発明の溶融めっき鋼線は比較材のNo.27、28、29の純Znめっきと同じ鋼材成分で比較し、いずれも基準としたZnめっき線の80%以上と良好な伸線加工性が確保できている。
No.30はZn-10%Alめっき(Mgを含まない)であり、Znめっきよりは耐食性は良好であるが、本願発明より耐食性が劣る例である。
No.31もZn-5%Alめっき(Mgを含まない)であり、No.30よりAl量が少なく、No.30より耐食性が劣る例である。
No.32はMgが本発明の下限以下で、耐食性が劣る例である。
No.33はMgが多く、耐食性は良好だが、MgZn金属間化合物が生成し、めっき層が硬くなったため、巻き付け加工性と伸線加工性とが劣った例である。
No.34はAl量が本発明の下限以下で、耐食性が劣り、凝固完了温度より高い温度から急冷したためにめっき層に割れが発生し、巻き付け加工性、伸線加工性とも低下した例である。
No.35はAl量が多く、Zn相が少なくなり、めっき層が硬くなり、巻き付け加工性と伸線加工性が低下した例である。
No.36は、めっき成分は本発明範囲内にあるが、製造条件の冷却速度が12℃/sと遅いため、Zn相が粗大かつ多くなり、耐食性が低下し、巻き付け試験で割れが発生した例である。
No.37は凝固完了温度を下回る前に急冷することにより得られたものである。ここでは、Zn相の適正結晶粒が少なく、微細粒が多くなった。そのため、No.37は巻き付け加工性は合格レベルであるが、耐食性と伸線加工性とが低下した例である。
No.38は、45℃/sの平均速度で徐冷したことにより得られたものである。ここでは、Zn相の適正粒径の結晶が少なく、粗大粒が多かった。そのため、No.38は、耐食性は合格レベルであるが巻き付け加工性と伸線加工性が低下した例である。
No.39はまだめっきの凝固が完了していない状態(半溶融状態)で強制冷却を開始したため、微細な凝固組織となり、耐食性が低下するとともに表面性状が悪化し、巻き付け加工性と伸線加工性が低下した例である。
No.40は強制冷却開始温度が280℃未満であり、即ちめっき層が低温まで放冷凝固後に強制冷却を開始したため、めっき層組織が粗大化し、巻き付け加工性及び伸線加工性が低下した例である。
No.41は強制冷却時の平均冷却速度が40℃/sと遅く、めっき層の組織が粗大化し、巻き付け加工性と伸線加工性が低下した例である。
No.42は強制冷却時の平均冷却速度が180℃/sと速く、めっき層に割れが発生し、巻き付け加工性及び伸線加工性が低下した例である。
2 前処理装置(脱脂、酸洗、電気Znめっき)
3 溶融金属
4 1次冷却装置
5 2次冷却装置
6 溶融めっき鋼線
Claims (5)
- 被めっき鋼線と、前記被めっき鋼線の表面に配されためっき層とを備える溶融めっき鋼線であって、
前記めっき層の成分が、質量%で、
Mg:0.10%以上1.00%未満、
Al:5.0%以上15.0%以下、
Si:0%以上2.0%以下
Fe:0%以上1.0%以下、
Sb:0%以上1.0%以下、
Pb:0%以上1.0%以下、
Sn:0%以上1.0%以下、
Ca:0%以上1.0%以下、
Co:0%以上1.0%以下、
Mo:0%以上1.0%以下、
Mn:0%以上1.0%以下、
P:0%以上1.0%以下、
B:0%以上1.0%以下、
Bi:0%以上1.0%以下、
Cr:0%以上1.0%以下、
REM:0%以上1.0%以下、
Ni:0%以上1.0%以下、
Ti:0%以上1.0%以下、
Zr:0%以上1.0%以下、及び
Sr:0%以上1.0%以下を含有し、
残部がZnおよび不純物からなり、
前記めっき層の組織は、質量%でZnを90%以上含むZn相を面積率で25~70%有し、
前記Zn相に占める、円換算した結晶粒径が2~5μmの粒径を有する前記Zn相の面積率が20~100%であることを特徴とする溶融めっき鋼線。 - 前記めっき層の前記成分が、質量%で、
Si:0.01%以上2.0%以下
を含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の溶融めっき鋼線。 - 前記めっき層の前記成分が、質量%で、
Fe:0.01%以上1.0%以下、
Sb:0.01%以上1.0%以下、
Pb:0.01%以上1.0%以下、
Sn:0.01%以上1.0%以下、
Ca:0.01%以上1.0%以下、
Co:0.01%以上1.0%以下、
Mo:0.01%以上1.0%以下、
Mn:0.01%以上1.0%以下、
P:0.01%以上1.0%以下、
B:0.01%以上1.0%以下、
Bi:0.01%以上1.0%以下、
Cr:0.01%以上1.0%以下、及び
REM:0.01%以上1.0%以下からなる群から選ばれる1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の溶融めっき鋼線。 - 前記めっき層の前記成分が、質量%で、
Ni:0.01%以上1.0%以下、
Ti:0.01%以上1.0%以下、
Zr:0.01%以上1.0%以下、及び
Sr:0.01%以上1.0%以下からなる群から選ばれる1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の溶融めっき鋼線。 - 請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の溶融めっき鋼線を製造する方法であって、
被めっき鋼線を溶融金属の浴に浸せきする工程と、
前記被めっき鋼線を前記浴から引き上げる工程と、
その後、前記被めっき鋼線を冷却する工程と、を備え、
前記冷却において、前記被めっき鋼線の表面に形成されるめっき層の表面温度が、凝固完了温度を下回った後に、前記被めっき鋼線への冷媒の噴射を開始し、
前記冷却において、前記被めっき鋼線のめっき層の表面温度が280℃を下回ってから、前記被めっき鋼線への前記冷媒の噴射を終了し、
前記冷却において、前記被めっき鋼線の前記めっき層の表面の平均冷却速度を、前記冷媒の噴射の開始の際の前記めっき層の表面温度から280℃までの温度域において、50~150℃/sとする
ことを特徴とする溶融めっき鋼線の製造方法。
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