Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
  • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
  • B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
  • B02C18/145—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with knives spaced axially and circumferentially on the periphery of a cylindrical rotor unit
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
  • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
  • B02C18/16—Details
  • B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
  • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
  • B02C18/16—Details
  • B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
  • B02C2018/188—Stationary counter-knives; Mountings thereof

Definitions

• the invention relates to a comminution device for comminuting material to be comminuted, comprising a machine frame, a driven comminution roller mounted on the machine frame, a counter-comb and a comb flap pivotally mounted on the machine frame, the comminution roller cooperating with the comb for comminution the comb is pivotally mounted in the region of its upper end on the comb flap, wherein at least one spring means engages with its first end on the comb and wherein the comb is resiliently supported by the spring means.
• Such devices which are usually used for the comminution of feed material, in particular substrates, preferably in the waste and recycling sector, are already known in the prior art and usually have at least one rotatably driven comminuting cylinder.
• these comminution tools cooperate with the counter tools of the comb, the counter tools of the comb being designed in such a way that comminution of the material to be charged results upon rotation or rotation of the comminution cylinder.
• the comb is usually designed as a comb beam for holding the tools and usually extends at least substantially over the entire width of the crushing roller. In this case, the comb can be formed both one or more parts.
• the comb can be dismantled as a whole with the counter tools and be exchanged for an already pre-equipped comb with "new" counter tools, so that an exchange of worn and / or overloaded, usually damaged, counter tools saves time is possible.
• the comb also called comb-type bar
• the comb can be used both in terms of its abrading stood to the crushing roller, in particular radially to the crushing roller, as well as adjusted with respect to its inclination about its longitudinal axis, so that it is possible to achieve the best possible adaptation to the process task.
• the comb is designed such that it can escape in the event of an overload and an opening area results between the comminution roller and the comb, so that damage to the machine is at least substantially avoided.
• an overload may be caused by the diameter of a feed piece being approximately equal to or greater than the clearance between the crushing roll and the comb, so that the feed piece concerned can not readily be crushed.
• the comb is designed as a rocker, which is designed pivotable about one axis. Therefore, the comb is also called "comb beam”.
• the large-scale comb flap can be opened, so that an easy, almost ground-level access to the inner machine area can be ensured, by means of this access the cleaning or maintenance and repair work can be performed.
• the comb flap can be pivotably mounted either in the upper region or in the lower region of the machine frame. When the comb flap is swung open, the comb is also moved at the same time, so that the entire unit can be opened when the comb flap is opened.
• a disadvantage is that due to the very rigid design of the comb flap and / or the comb high system costs result and increased weight of the entire crushing device transporting the crushing Device, for example, when relocating, much more difficult. Especially in mobile machines, the lowest possible weight of the comminution device is desirable because mobile machines are limited in their total weight due to approval regulations.
• DE 299 10 772 U1 shows a crushing machine with fixed, comb-like teeth and a rotor with circumferentially mounted, opposite the fixed teeth laterally offset rotor teeth, which are movable during rotation of the rotor between the fixed comb-like teeth arranged therethrough.
• the object of the invention is therefore to provide a comminution device which avoids or at least substantially reduces the abovementioned disadvantages in the prior art.
• the comb damper must absorb at least substantially no or only minor loads, which are then introduced directly into the machine frame.
• at least substantially no more power flow in the comb valve so that preferably the comb valve must be formed only for their necessary inherent stability and can be performed accordingly simple and reduced weight.
• the comb flap at least essentially only takes on the weight of the comb, in particular the comb beam swing, and preferably takes no more power out of the work process as such.
• the comb damper is relieved of the majority of the reaction forces and can therefore be designed to save weight. Accordingly, there is a significant reduction in the total weight of the comminution device, in particular by up to 60% compared to the comminution devices known from the prior art, as well as a drastic reduction of the system costs, since a significant material savings can be made in the execution of the comb valve.
• the spring means also acts as a damping means, so that the comb can escape under overload and a widened distance between the crushing roller and the comb results. Accordingly, damage to the machine that would otherwise be caused due in particular to overloading can be avoided.
• the joint center points of the comb valve and the articulation point of the spring means are arranged at its second end at least substantially on the same kinematic axis or lie on this.
• the comb flap rotates around the kinematic axis when it is pivoted. In the regular operating state, the comb flap is firmly connected to the machine frame.
• no change in position of the comb relative to the comb flap causes.
• any deviation from the 90 ° position of the spring means causes a deterioration of the behavior of the machine, an arrangement of the spring means is advantageous, which comes as close as possible to the 90 ° position.
• the 90 ° position is related to the tangential effect related to the circular pivoting path of the comb as it escapes upon overload.
• the arrangement of the second end on or on the kinematic axis preferably the smallest deviation from the 90 ° position is realized with simultaneous support or storage of the spring means on the machine frame.
• bearing plates with bearing openings are provided or attached to the machine frame, which serve for connection or coupling with the comb flap and the spring means. It is particularly preferred if the centers of the bearing openings lie on the kinematic axis.
• the arrangement of the center points of the bearing openings on the kinematic axis has the advantage that the comb flap can be opened without changing the position of the comb with respect to the comb flap.
• the bearing plates allow in particular a simple arrangement of the comb flap or of the spring means on the machine frame.
• the comb flap is arranged on the bearing frame with its pivot bearing at the bottom of the machine frame.
• the upper region of the comb valve is characterized in that it faces the comminution material which is fed onto the comminution device, and the lower region is in particular facing a substrate on which the comminuting device is positioned.
• the comminution device has at least one locking device for locking the comb flap in the closed state of the comb flap, wherein the locking device between the comb flap and the machine frame is effective.
• the locking device locks the comb flap on the machine frame.
• the comb flap takes over the support of the comb-beam or the comb to the machine frame for short path lengths.
• the comb valve is stiffened in this area, but in particular this stiffening is negligible compared to the total weight or compared to the proportion of the total weight, whereby the costs resulting from the stiffening of the comb flap in the area of the locking device are almost negligible or negligible Not to mention.
• the locking device preferably does not take over high forces from the working process, since the vast majority of the forces and moments occurring are discharged directly to the machine frame by means of the spring means.
• the comb flap can be pivoted together with the comb, so that there is an opening area or access to the inner region of the comminution device.
• the locking device in particular wedge-shaped, locking bolts, wherein the locking bolts are arranged on the comb flap and wherein the machine frame has locking openings for engagement of the locking bolt.
• the locking bolts are brought into engagement with the locking openings of the machine frame by being inserted into the locking apertures.
• the locking bolts are fixed in their end position, in particular in the locked state of the comb flap, so that only after releasing the fixation of the locking bolt opening of the locking device or pivoting the comb flap is made possible.
• the locking bolts are provided on the side opposite the pivotal mounting of the comb valve side of the comb flap.
• the comb is designed as a comb-beam rocker mounted at least in the region of its two ends.
• the formation of the comb as a comb beam allows, in particular, that the comb can escape under overload and allows a gap between the crushing roller and the comb, which preferably ensures the removal of comminuted material, which in particular has a critical diameter. Due to the formation of the comb as Kammbalkenschwinge the comb is pivotally mounted on the comb flap.
• the comb can also be formed in several parts, wherein the counter-tools of the comb are designed to cooperate with the crushing tools of the crushing roller.
• the comb extends at least substantially over the entire width of the comb flap and is pivotally mounted in each case in the side edge region of the comb flap.
• the comb also extends at least substantially over the width of the crushing roller, wherein the counter-tools of the comb so cooperate with the crushing tools of the crushing roller that results in a crushing of the crushed material.
• the comb is mounted on the one hand by the spring means on the machine frame and the other pivotally mounted on the comb flap. Since the comb advantageously extends over the width of the comb flap, the pivot bearing is provided on the frontal region of the comb flap, thus in the side edge region of the comb flap.
• the pivot bearing of the comb must not be provided directly on the front side of the comb valve in other embodiments, but only in an area which is located in the vicinity of the front end of the comb flap. In a multi-part design of the comb this is preferably not only pivotally mounted in the Thisrandberei- Chen the comb flap, but for example, in the central region of the comb flap.
• the pivot bearing of the comb must absorb only low reaction forces and derive on the comb flap, as a Most of the forces and moments occurring during the work process are derived via the spring means on the machine frame.
• the comb is preferably stored in the upper region of the comb flap, wherein the pivot bearing points of the comb are arranged adjacent to the locking bolts of the locking device.
• the distance of the pivot bearing points of the comb or the pivot bearing of the comb to the locking pin 1 cm to 100 cm, preferably from 5 cm to 50 cm, more preferably from 5 cm to 30 cm.
• the comb flap in the area between the pivot bearing of the comb and the locking bolt is made stiffer than in the remaining area of the comb flap, so that a safe operation of the crushing device is ensured.
• the comb is arranged in the upper region of the comb flap and in the side edge regions, that is, in the upper side edge regions of the comb flap, stored.
• the comb is formed in one piece and is supported by two pivot bearing points on the comb flap.
• the comb is advantageously designed so that it can perform a pivoting movement.
• the spring means is designed such that it allows a pivoting movement of the comb, in particular for increasing the distance, preferably the clearance, between the crushing roller and the comb, in particular in case of overload.
• the distance between the crushing roller and the comb is more than 2 cm and can be increased up to 20 cm, in particular in an overload and during an evasive movement, in particular up to 40 cm.
• the comb After an evasive action or after a pivoting movement of the comb, the comb returns due to the spring force of the spring means in its starting position.
• the spring means is designed as a hydraulic cylinder and / or pressure-retaining cylinder. The movement of the spring means is preferably controlled by force, whereby the comb, in particular the comb beam, can execute a pivoting movement in the event of an overload.
• a hydraulic tumbler for force-controlled pivotal movement of the comb by means of hydraulic cylinders with defined pre-pressure accumulator done.
• the spring means are designed such that they can adjust the comb in its inclination about its longitudinal axis as well as the distance to the crushing roller can increase or decrease NEN.
• the spring means take over a large part of the forces resulting from the support of the comb.
• the cylinders absorb the forces and forward them to the machine frame.
• the aforementioned cylinders also serve, in particular, to apply the comb to the comminution cylinder, depending on the desired comminution result.
• the spring means is designed as a hydraulic cylinder and coupled to a hydraulic control device.
• the hydraulic control device is designed such that it can control and / or regulate, in particular change and / or adjust, the spring force of the hydraulic cylinder, in particular in connection with the pressure accumulators of the hydraulic cylinders.
• the spring means performs a work, which is why the aforementioned cylinders can also be assigned to the working cylinders.
• the cylinders may at least substantially have the shape of a circular cylinder and / or be designed as a hollow cylinder.
• a spring means engages with its first end on the back side in the lateral region of the comb.
• the first end of the spring means indicates that the spring means attacks with its one end portion of the comb.
• the second end engages in a bearing bracket of the machine frame.
• at least two spring means engage the comb, at least one spring means acting on each lateral edge region of the comb.
• the comb is integrally formed in this embodiment and extends, at least substantially, across the width of the comb flap.
• the lateral spring means take over the greatest part of the reaction forces from the working process and guide the reaction forces in the machine frame. The reaction forces are absorbed axially by the longitudinal axis of the comb bars supporting spring means.
• another spring means engage the back of the central region of the comb with its first end.
• at least two spring means engage the rear side on the lateral region and at least one further spring means on the rear side at the central region of the comb with their respective first ends.
• a displacement measuring means is provided, the device having this displacement measuring means and / or wherein the device is coupled to the path measuring means.
• the spring means is coupled to the device, wherein the spring means can adjust the pivot angle of the comb.
• the path measuring means is in particular coupled via the device with the spring means and / or the spring means, wherein the measured distance of the comb to the machine frame for controlling and / or regulating the pivoting angle of the comb can be used.
• the spring means are used, so that the distance measuring means can indirectly have an influence on the spring means and in particular on the pivot angle of the comb.
• the distance measuring means can also record special operating states, in particular, in the case of an excessive deviation of the pivoting angle of the comb from the setpoint, an immediate shutdown of the comminuting device can be triggered. If, for example, the task of comminuted material, which is both non-comminutable and has a diameter which exceeds the maximum pivoting movement of the comb, this can be recorded in particular by the distance measuring means.
• the displacement measuring means in particular designed as a cylinder, is preferably arranged with its one end on the rear side of the comb and with its other end on the machine frame, preferably on the kinematic axis. One end engages the back of the comb and the other end engages the machine frame.
• bearing tabs each with a bearing opening on the machine frame are also provided for the Wegmessstoff.
• the bearing brackets for the distance measuring means are arranged on the kinematic axis, in particular wherein the center of the bearing opening for the Wegmessstoff is also on the kinematic axis, so that preferably all centers of the bearing plates for the spring means and for the Wegmessstoff on lie on the same axis, so that there is no change in position of the other end of the path measuring means for comb flap in a swiveling or in a, in particular circular, pivoting operation of the comb flap.
• the distance measuring means is designed as a sensor, in particular wherein the device is coupled to a storage device which records and stores the movement of the comb or the pivoting angle of the comb. Accordingly, operating procedures, in particular for later evaluation, can be reconstructed.
• the end position of the comb can be at least substantially freely set, preferably controlled and / or regulated, via the path measuring means.
• the distance measuring means indicates the position of the comb, in particular the comb beam, to.
• an opening device between the machine frame and the comb flap is effective, wherein the opening means is designed for automatically pivoting the flap.
• the opening means access to the inner portion of the crushing device is made possible after pivoting the comb flap to wait for the tools of the crushing roll, if necessary, or exchange.
• the opened flap also allows access to the comb to service and / or replace the counter tools of the comb.
• the opening device pivots the comb flap about the kinematic axis, wherein the joint center points or the pivot bearing of the comb valve are arranged on the kinematic axis.
• the opening device is preferably configured such that a force-controlled lowering of the comb flap is ensured.
• the opening device can only initiate a pivoting of the comb flap when the locking device is unlocked and permits pivoting of the comb flap.
• the opening device has at least one hydraulic cylinder, which is struck with its one end on the machine frame, in particular on a lateral bearing wall, and with its other end against a longitudinal edge side of the comb flap.
• the hydraulic cylinder allows a force-controlled pivoting or pivoting of the comb valve.
• a respective hydraulic cylinder is provided on the respective longitudinal edge sides of the comb flap.
• the hydraulic cylinders are supported on pivoting of the comb flap on the machine frame.
• a material supply funnel in particular directly on the machine frame, is provided for feeding the comminution material above the comminution cylinder and the countercurrent.
• the material supply funnel can also be arranged above the comminution device, in particular not connected to the machine frame.
• the machine frame has a first bearing wall and a second bearing wall opposite the first bearing wall, wherein at least one comminution roller is provided between the first bearing wall and the second bearing wall, wherein in the region of a first opening in the first bearing wall Gear connection of a gear unit protrudes, with which the crushing roller is connected by gearing at its first end side facing the gearbox connection and wherein an opening for the comminuting roller is provided in the second bearing wall.
• gear connection of a gear unit protrudes, with which the crushing roller is connected by gearing at its first end side facing the gearbox connection and wherein an opening for the comminuting roller is provided in the second bearing wall.
• an outwardly open opening region is provided, which merges into the second opening.
• the comminution device in addition to the outwardly opened opening area of the second opening, is characterized in that it has at least one of the following features: a) that the opening width of the second opening and the opening area are each greater than the outer diameter of the roller body of the comminution cylinder, and / or b) that the comminution roller in the region of its second end face, in particular a flange connection of the comminuting cylinder, is connected to the second bearing wall via a fastening plate, in particular wherein the attachment plate covers the opening region, and / or c) that at least one of the opening region , in particular in the region of the peripheral edge, bridging fastening means is provided, which is designed to connect the regions of the second bearing wall adjoining the opening region, and / or d) that between the fastening shield and the second e) that the centering means have at least two engaging in centering centering and that, preferably, the length of the centering pin is greater than the length of the geared connection
• the invention relates to a comminution device or a device for comminuting with a comb arranged on the comb flap, wherein the comb is supported directly on the machine frame by means of at least one spring means.
• the load on the comb flap is significantly reduced, so that the entire comminution device can be designed to save weight.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a crushing device according to the invention
• Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an inventive
• FIG. 1 a schematic perspective view of components of a crushing device according to the invention, a schematic perspective view of the detail view A of FIG. 3, a schematic exploded perspective view of components of a crushing device according to the invention, a schematic exploded perspective view of detail view B of FIG. 5, a schematic side view of components of a Shredding device according to the invention, a schematic perspective view of components of another embodiment of the shredding device according to the invention, a schematic perspective view of components of another embodiment of the shredding device according to the invention, a schematic perspective view of the crushing roller in the disassembled state, a schematic representation of the process sequence according to the invention for disassembling a crushing roller and a schematic representation of the process sequence according to the invention for mounting a crushing roller.
• 3 is a schematic perspective view of components of a comminuting device according to the invention, a schematic side view of components of a device according to the invention from FIG. 13, 15 is a schematic perspective view of components of a crushing device according to the invention,
• FIG. 16 shows a schematic side view of components of a comminution device according to the invention from FIG. 15, FIG.
• FIG. 17 shows a schematic perspective view of components of a comminution device according to the invention
• FIG. 18 shows a schematic side view of components of a comminution device according to the invention from FIG. 17 and FIG.
• FIG. 19 shows a schematic perspective view of components of a comminution device according to the invention.
• FIG. 1 shows a comminuting device 1 for use for comminuting comminuted material with a first bearing wall 2 and a second bearing wall 3, wherein between the first bearing wall 2 and the second bearing wall 3 a comminution cylinder 5 or its roller body 14, the comminuting tool 22 , is provided.
• the first bearing wall 2 has a first opening 6 for the arrangement of the comminution cylinder 5.
• the second bearing wall 3 however, has a second opening 10 for the arrangement of the crushing roller 5.
• the first bearing wall 2 and the second bearing wall 3 and the roller body 15 are enclosed in a machine frame 4, as can be seen in particular from FIG. In Fig. 1, not all, required for the function of the crushing device 1, components are shown. Thus, Fig. 1 shows neither the flange 16 nor the mounting plate 17th
• Crushing devices 1 of the type in question can be used in principle in all areas in which a feed material is to be crushed.
• devices 1 of the type in question are used for the comminution of waste and recycling material.
• FIG. 3 shows components of a device 1, provided for use for comminuting, with a machine frame 4 having a first bearing wall 2 and a second bearing wall 3 opposite the first bearing wall 2, with at least one comminuting roller provided between the first bearing wall 2 and the second bearing wall 3 5, wherein by a first Opening 6 in the first bearing wall 2 a transmission connection 7 of a transmission 8 projects, with which the crushing roller 5 is connected at its gearbox 7 facing the first end face 9 and wherein a second opening 10 is provided for the crushing roller 5 in the second bearing wall 3.
• a comminution device 1 of the type in question not only to have a comminution cylinder 5, but a plurality, in particular two, of comminuting rollers 5.
• an opening area 12 which is open to the outside is provided, which merges into the second opening 10. This is evident, in particular, from FIG. 5.
• the second opening 10 of the second bearing wall 3 is therefore accessible to the outside up to at least one edge side 11 of the second bearing wall 3 via an opening region 12.
• the comminuting cylinder 5 can be removed from the comminution device 1 via the opening region 12 or inserted into the comminution device 1 via the opening region 12 and coupled to the gearbox connection 7.
• FIG. 5 shows that the opening width 13 of the second opening 10 and of the opening area 12 is greater than the outer diameter of the size reduction roller 5.
• the size reduction roller 5 comprises the roller body 14 and the comminution tools 22.
• the comminution cylinder 5 is connected to the second bearing wall 3 via a fastening plate 17.
• the mounting plate 17 is arranged in the region of the second end face 15 of the crushing roller 5. As is apparent from FIGS. 3 and 4, the mounting plate 17 covers the opening portion 12 and the second opening 10th
• Figs. 3 and 4 illustrate that the crushing roller 5 is arranged via a flange 16 on the mounting plate 17 or mounted on the mounting plate 17 via screw or fastened.
• the flange connection 16 which has a substantially annular shape, is fastened to the front side of the roller body 14 and serves to connect the crusher
• the flange 16 can be used for direct connection of the crushing roller 5 with the second bearing wall 3, in which case a mounting plate 17 can be completely eliminated.
• FIGS. 8 and 9 show that, in addition to the fastening plate 17, a fastening means 18 covering or bridging the opening region 12 is provided, which is designed to connect the regions of the second bearing wall 3 adjoining the opening region 12.
• the fastening means 18 is fixed according to FIG. 8, in particular via screw connections, connected to the second bearing wall 3.
• fastening means 18 can also be used without a fastening plate 17.
• the fastening means 18 is arranged in the region of the peripheral edge 11 of the second bearing wall 3, so that the opened opening area 12 results only after loosening of the fastening means 18.
• a hinged and / or pivotable bracket is provided as a fastening means 18.
• the bracket may be hinged by the use of a hinge and / or a band.
• Fig. 8 shows that the fastening means 18 is provided in the form of a, in particular rectangular, plate, which is connected at its two end faces with the second bearing wall 3, in particular non-positively.
• FIG. 6 shows that the transmission connection 7 has the form of an externally toothed plurality of shaft journal.
• the comminuting cylinder 5 has an internally toothed element or internal toothing, so that the geared connection between the gearbox connection 7 and the comminution cylinder 5 can be produced.
• a pin for coupling at the Crushing roller 5 may be provided, while then corresponding to the pin, a corresponding opening for producing a positive connection on the transmission 8 may be provided.
• the first end face 9 of the crushing roller 5 is used for coupling with the transmission connection 7, which in turn is arranged within the first opening 6 on the first bearing wall 2.
• the internal teeth of the crushing roller 5 in the region of the first end face 9 have recesses and / or projections corresponding to the projections and / or depressions of the shaft journal.
• FIG. 6 shows that the shaft journal of the gearbox connection 7 projects out of the first bearing wall 2 and is arranged in the interior of the comminution cylinder 5.
• a pin can protrude from the crushing roller 5 in the region of the first end face 9, which is connected to the transmission connection 7, wherein the transmission connection 7 of the transmission 8 then has an opening and not necessarily from the first Lagerwandung 2 protrudes.
• the opening area 12 in combination with the second opening 10 forms on the second bearing wall 3 an at least substantially U-shaped overall opening, which is open to the outside.
• Fig. 5 shows that this U-shaped total opening is open towards the top or to the upper edge side or peripheral edge 1 1 of the second bearing wall 3. The crushing roller 5 is therefore removed from the device 1 via the upper peripheral edge 11 of the second bearing wall 3.
• the crushing roller can also be taken laterally or downwardly from the crushing device 1, wherein the opening portion 12 then starting from the second opening 10 as needed to the marginal edges 1 1 of the sides or the lower edge 11 of the second bearing wall 3 extends.
• the crushing roller 5 is driven via the gear 8 by a, not shown, motor.
• centering means 19 are at least substantially cylindrical in the form of a pin according to the illustrated embodiments.
• the centering means 19, in particular the centering pin, correspond to centering openings 20 which are designed to receive the centering pins.
• the centering pin is provided according to FIG. 5 on the second bearing wall 3, in particular on the regions of the second bearing wall 3 adjoining the opening region 12 and the second opening 10.
• the centering pin can also be attached to the fastening plate 17 and / or. or be provided on the flange 16 of the crushing roller 5.
• centering pins have a length which is greater than the length of the geared connection between the comminution cylinder 5 and the gear 8, so that during assembly, first a centering takes place via the centering pins and only then the geared connection between the comminution cylinder 5 and the transmission 8 is produced.
• the fastening plate 17 has screw connections 23 for arrangement on the second bearing wall 3.
• twelve screw connections 23 are provided.
• the mounting plate 17 can be separated from the second bearing wall 3, so that the mounting plate 17 is detachably connected to the second bearing wall 3 and thus to the machine frame 4.
• the flange connection 16 of the comminution cylinder 5 has at least two screw connections 24.
• the flange connection 16 has eight screw connections 24 for arrangement on the fastening plate 17.
• the screw 24 of the flange 16 may be provided for direct arrangement on the second bearing wall 3.
• the flange 16 in the present case has eight threaded holes, which are then formed for receiving Abdrückschrauben. Not only the flange 16 may have the above-mentioned threaded holes, but also the mounting plate 17. It is understood in the end that the jacking screws can be brought by threaded holes on the second bearing wall 3 used. The jacking screws are designed so that they allow for screwing a spatial separation between the mounting plate 17 and / or the flange 16 of the crushing roller 5 and the second bearing wall 3. In the mounted state of the crushing device 1 either the jacking screws are not arranged in the threaded holes or they are, in particular with lock nuts, secured.
• actuators in particular adapted hydraulic actuators, are used so that a horizontal or axial movement of the crushing roller 5 is ensured to separate the gear connection 7 from the inner region of the crushing roller 5.
• the mounting plate 17 at its lower peripheral edge 1 1 a flattened portion 21.
• This flattened portion 21 is formed so that it can be arranged on a flat surface, wherein it prevents tilting of the mounting plate 17 and the comminution roller 5 attached thereto.
• Fig. 1 shows that the crushing roller 5 is mounted on both sides, wherein it is connected at its first end face 9 geared to the transmission port 7 of the transmission 8 and wherein they frictionally in the region of its second end face 15 via the flange 16 with the mounting plate 17 and thus connected to the second bearing wall 3.
• the transmission 8 is fixedly connected to the first bearing wall 2, although it is also possible in principle to arrange the transmission 8 separately on a substrate, while the transmission connection 7 then only protrudes through the first opening 6 of the first end face 9.
• Fig. 1 shows, moreover, a crushing roller 5, which has a plurality of crushing tools 22.
• the comminuting tools 22 may be formed as knives and / or teeth.
• FIG. 1 shows that the comminution device 1 has a roller flap 26b arranged on the machine frame 4.
• the roll flap 26b has ribs 26c which have free spaces for the passage of the comminution tools 22. It is not shown that the roller flap 26b is designed to be pivotable.
• the comminuting device 1 has a comb 26a arranged on the machine frame 4, wherein the comb 26a has counter-tools 27 corresponding to the comminution tools 22 of the comminuting cylinder 5.
• the comb 26a is arranged on a pivotally mounted comb flap 28.
• the comb flap 28 is mounted on the machine frame 4.
• FIGS. 11 and 12 the individual method steps for assembling and / or disassembling a comminution roller 5 of a comminuting device 1 of the aforementioned type are shown. It shows the Fig. 1 1 the process of disassembly.
• step A the slings are first applied to the shredding roller 5. It is not shown that at least two slings are required for lifting.
• step A If the roller flap 26b has ribs 26c, it is provided in step A that the roller flap 26b is swung open after and / or before the sling belts hit the comminution roller 5.
• the comb flap 28 has been pivoted to increase the distance between the comb 26a and the comminution cylinder 5. It is not shown that in a further embodiment it is provided that the comb 26a should be as far as possible before the geared connection 3 is released is brought close to the comb flap 28.
• step B the screws or the screw 23 are released. Subsequently, the jacking screws are screwed into the threaded openings of the mounting plate 17 and / or the flange 16 in step C. Alternatively and / or additionally, the use of the hydraulic actuators is provided in step B.
• step D the geared connection between the transmission port 7 of the transmission 8 and the crushing roller 5 is released in a horizontal or axial movement. Herzu the individual jacking screws are always screwed in one piece only, so that the most uniform possible release of the geared connection without tilting results. During this initial axial release movement, the crushing roller 5 is fixed by the centering means 19.
• the crushing roller 5 After releasing the gear connection, along with a predetermined movement in the axial direction, the crushing roller 5 is moved out in step E in a radial movement of the second opening 10 of the second bearing wall 3 through the opening to the outside opening portion 12. Depending on the arrangement and course of the opening region 12, this movement can take place upwards and / or laterally and / or downwards.
• no transfer of the slings takes place.
• the comminution cylinder 5 is deposited.
• the settling takes place in step H advantageously on the flattened portion 21 of the mounting plate 17, wherein the flattened portion 21 is disposed on a substrate.
• the crushing roller does not rest on the ground, in particular with their fastening plate 17 opposite end, it is arranged at this end on a bearing block 25 and stored on this.
• the bearing block 25 has at least substantially the same hub height as the crushing roller 5 and adapts itself to the bearing height of the mounting plate 17.
• the bearing block 25 may also be designed so that it allows a nege connection with the crushing roller 5.
• the bearing block then have a corresponding shaft journal.
• Such a bearing block 25 makes it possible to rotate the stored crushing roller 5 for repair purposes.
• the bearing block 25 with a rotating device, which has a power-driven drive connected in a further embodiment.
• the rotary device is adapted to rotate the crushing roller 5, in particular, wherein the shaft journal is suitably connected to the crushing roller 5.
• a change of the crushing tools 22 of the crushing roller 5 can be carried out in the disassembled state from the crushing device 1 to the crushing roller 5 by in step G, the crushing roller 5, which is preferably supported on the mounting plate 17 and the bearing block 25 is rotated. After rotation of the comminution cylinder 5, the comminution tools 22, in particular damaged, can be exchanged.
• an analogous method is provided in comparison to the disassembly, wherein the process steps shown in Fig. 1 1 are traversed backwards.
• FIG. 12 shows the method sequence for mounting a comminution cylinder 5. First, in step ⁇ , the lifting belts are arranged on the comminution cylinder 5 and this is released from the bearing block 25.
• the crushing roller 5 is moved into the crushing device 1 through the opening portion 12 from above and / or from below and / or laterally into the second opening 10. In any case, towards the end, this is a radial movement. In this state, there is still no connection of the centering roller 5 to the gear 8 or the second bearing wall 3. If the roller flap 26b has ribs 26c, it is zuzuschwenken after arrangement of the first end face 9 of the crushing roller 5 to the transmission port 7. In a further embodiment of the method, it is provided that the comb flap 28 has been pivoted to the transmission connection 7 after the first end face 9 of the comminution cylinder 5 has been arranged. It is not shown that it is provided in a further embodiment that the comb 26a is brought as close as possible to the crushing roller 5 after arrangement of the crushing roller 5 to the transmission port 7.
• step ⁇ the comminution cylinder 5 is moved in the axial direction, wherein the centering means 19 engage in the respective centering openings 20.
• step ⁇ the gear teeth between the gearbox connection 7 of a gear 8 and the crushing roller 5, in particular on the drive side in the region of its first end face 9, produced.
• the arrangement on the transmission connection 7 of the comminution cylinder 5 takes place in a horizontal or axial movement, wherein the comminution cylinder 5 is already centered on the centering means 19 in the region of the second bearing wall 3.
• Fig. 10 shows the crushing roller 5 in the disassembled state from the crushing device 1, wherein the first end face 9 of the crushing roller 5 is arranged on a bearing block 25. Furthermore, FIG. 10 shows that the bearing block 25 engages in the internal toothing of the comminution cylinder 5.
• the fastening plate 17 is arranged on a substrate via a flattened region 21.
• the comminution tools 22 of the comminution cylinder 5 do not rest on the ground.
• FIG. 1 shows a comminution device 1 for comminuting comminuted material, comprising a machine frame 4, a driven comminution roller 5 mounted on the machine frame 4 and having comminution tools 22, a comb 26a having counter tools 27 and a comb flap 28 mounted pivotably on the machine frame 4 wherein the crushing roller 5 for comminution cooperates with the comb 26 a, wherein the comb 26 a is pivotally mounted in the region of its upper end 29 on the comb valve 28, wherein at the comb 26 a at least one spring means 30 engages with its first end 31 and wherein the Comb 26a is resiliently supported by the spring means 30.
• the spring means is arranged with its first end face 9 on the comb 26a.
• the first end 31 of the spring means 30 may be provided only in the end region of the spring means 30 and not necessarily on the front side of the spring means 30.
• Fig. 1 shows that the spring means 30 with its second end 32 on Machine frame 4 is supported.
• the second end 32 of the spring means 30 need not be provided at the end-side end region 31 of the spring means 30.
• the comb 26 a is pivotally mounted on the spring means 30 and is supported directly on the machine frame 4 from. The axis about which the comb 26a can pivot is provided in the region of its upper end 29, since the comb 26a is mounted pivotably on the comb flap 28 in the region of its upper end 29.
• FIG. 1 illustrates that the material supply hopper 48 is disposed on the machine frame 4.
• the Material supply hopper 48 is disposed on the machine frame 4.
• the Machine feed hopper 48 disposed above the crushing device 1 and not connected to the machine frame 4.
• FIG. 15 shows parts or components of the machine frame 4 and the comb flap 28, the comb 26a and the spring means 30. From FIG. 15 it can be seen that the hinge centers 12 of the comb flap 28 about which the comb flap 28 is pivotable, and the articulation point 34 of the spring means 30 lie at its second end 32 on the same kinematic axis 35.
• the comb flap 28 As illustrated by Fig. 16 and 18, there is no change in position of the second end 32 of the spring means 30, since the second end 32 is arranged on the kinematic axis 35.
• the second end 32 is indeed arranged on the machine frame 4, but is not on the kinematic axis 35. Incidentally, Fig.
• FIG. 17 shows that on the machine frame 4 bearing plates 36 are provided.
• the bearing plates 36 have bearing openings 37.
• the comb flap 28 and the spring means 30 are connected to the bearing brackets 36 in the region of the bearing openings 37.
• corresponding bearing bolts are provided, which engage in the bearing openings 37.
• FIG. 17 shows that both the comb damper 28 and the spring means 30 are formed in their end region such that both the spring means 30 and the comb damper 28 are fixed to the machine frame 4 are connected via the bearing plates 36.
• the reaction forces from the working process that is to say from the comminution of the feed gate, are introduced into the machine frame 4 by the comb 26a via the spring means 30 and the bearing brackets 36.
• the comb 26a extends at least substantially over the width of the comb flap 28.
• the spring means 30 engage with their first end 31 on the back 45 of the comb 26a.
• the comb 26a may also be formed in several parts.
• Fig. 19 shows the pivotally mounted comb 26a and the comb flap 28, wherein the rear wall 45 is missing to the arrangement of the spring means 30 in the illustration.
• the swiveling or pivoting of the comb flap 28 takes place about the kinematic axis 35 in the lower region of the comb flap 28, as can be seen from FIG. 18.
• FIG. 18 shows that the locking device 38 between the comb flap 28 and the machine frame 4 is effective.
• the locking device 38 connects the comb flap 28 fixed to the machine frame 4, wherein only after unlocking the locking device 38, an opening or pivoting of the comb valve 28, as is apparent from FIGS. 16 and 18, is possible.
• the locking device 38 has locking bolts 39.
• the locking bolts 39 are arranged on the side of the comb flap 28, which lies opposite the pivot bearing 41 of the comb flap 28.
• the comb flap 28 is pivoted.
• the opposite side of the comb flap 28 performs an at least substantially circular pivoting movement during the pivoting process.
• the pivot bearing 41 opposite side of the comb valve 28 is locked.
• the locking bolts 39 are wedge-shaped or cylindrical and are arranged on the comb valve 28.
• the locking bolts 39 engage in locking openings 40 of the machine frame 4.
• the locking bolts 39 are moved out of the locking openings 40 of the machine frame 4, so that the comb flap 28 is no longer locked to the machine frame 4.
• FIG. 13 shows that the comminuting device 1 has at least two locking devices 38, which are arranged at least essentially in the side edge region of the comb flap 28. Even in the closed state of the comb flap 28, the comb 26a can be pivoted, wherein the distance to the comminution cylinder 5 is changed by a change in the position of the comb 26a or a change in the pivot angle of the comb 26a. Fig.
• the comb 26a is formed as at least in the region of its two ends mounted comb beam.
• the comb beam is supported on the back side 45 of the comb 26a by the spring means 30 on the machine frame 4.
• the comb 26a extends, as mentioned above, at least substantially over the entire width of the comb flap 28 and is pivotally mounted in each case in the side edge region of the comb flap.
• the comb 26 a is supported on the comb flap 28 in its end regions, in particular in the vicinity of its end-side end faces, and is pivotably mounted on the upper region 42 of the comb flap 28.
• the comb damper 28 must absorb some of the reaction forces and a part of the load of the weight of the comb 26a.
• the forces occurring are introduced via the locking device 38 in the machine frame 4.
• the comb flap 28 takes over the support of the comb 26a to the machine frame 4 for short path lengths.
• the comb 26a is mounted in the upper region 42 of the comb flap 28 and the pivot bearing points of the comb 26a are arranged adjacent to the locking bolts 39.
• the locking bolts 39 are arranged from 1 cm to 40 cm adjacent to the pivot bearing points of the comb 26 a.
• the spring means 30 is designed such that it allows a pivoting movement of more than 2 cm.
• the comb 26a can perform an evasive movement of up to 40 cm.
• the distance is provided in other embodiments between the crushing roller 5 and the comb 26 a between 2 cm to 20 cm.
• the pivoting movement increases the distance between the crushing roller 5 and the comb 26a of FIG. 2. This pivotal movement of the comb 26a is usually at an overload, with too large or not readily to be comminuted crushing into the gap between the crushing roller 5 and the comb 26a device and an evasive movement of the comb 26a still allows the discharge of this feed material.
• the spring means 30 is, as is apparent from Fig. 5, formed as a hydraulic cylinder. In further embodiments, the spring means 30 may also be the print shark be executed te cylinder. The spring means 30 is designed such that it can force-controlled swing the comb beam swing or allows an evasive movement of the comb 26a in case of overload. In further embodiments, the spring means 30 also has a pre-pressure accumulator. The spring means 30 take over the support of the comb 26a and guide the reaction forces resulting from the crushing of the crushed material and the interaction between the crushing tools 22 of the crushing roller 5 and the counter tools 27 of the comb 26a, in the machine frame 4 a.
• FIG. 15 and 17 show that at the lateral edge region of the comb 26a, respectively, a spring means 30 engages the rear side 45 of the comb 26a with its first end 31. Furthermore, Fig. 15 shows that the spring means 30, which acts on the lateral edge region of the comb 26 a, need not be arranged directly on the marginal edge of the comb 26 a, but is located in the edge region of the comb 26 a. In addition, another spring means 30 is arranged in the central region of the comb 26a on its rear side 45 between the two lateral spring means 30, wherein the further spring means 30 engages with its first end 31 on the rear side 45 of the comb 26a.
• more than one spring means 30 may be arranged in the respective lateral edge regions of the comb 26a and / or additional additional spring means 30 in the central region of the comb 26a. Both the outer spring means 30 and the further, central spring means 30 absorb the reaction forces of the comminution process and the weight of the comb 26 a and introduce these forces into the machine frame 4.
• a device 43 for setting and / or control and / or regulation of the pivot angle of the comb 26 a is provided.
• a device 43 for measuring and / or controlling the comb movement is provided.
• the device 43 is coupled in the illustrated embodiment with the spring means 30, wherein the device 43 is designed such that it can not only adjust the pivot angle of the comb 26a via the spring means 30, but can also regulate this according to the measured pivot angle.
• FIG. 15 shows that the device 43 has a displacement measuring means 44.
• the path measuring means 44 is designed as a cylinder.
• the path measuring means 44 is designed such that it can measure the pivoting angle of the comb 26 a and the sen measured value for both the storage of the measured value and for controlling the pivot angle of the comb 26 a to the device 43 passes.
• the crushing roller 5 on the machine frame 4 can be closed by the distance of the comb 26a to the machine frame 4 or with knowledge of the pivot angle of the comb 26a on the distance between the crushing roller 5 and the comb 26a.
• the path measuring means 44 engages with its one end on the rear side 45 of the comb 26a and with its other end on the machine frame 4.
• the point of application or the articulation point of the path measuring means 44 on the machine frame 4 is provided on or on the kinematic axis 35. Accordingly, during a pivoting operation of the comb flap 28, the position of the path measuring means 44 relative to the comb flap 28 does not change.
• the path measuring means 44 measures and records the movement of the comb 26a. Via this measured value, the device 43 can adjust the end position or the swivel angle of the comb 26a via the spring means 30.
• the swiveling up of the comb flap 28 is illustrated with reference to FIGS. 16 and 18.
• an opening device 46 is used.
• the opening device 46 is effective between the machine frame 4 and the comb flap 28.
• the opening device 46 can be used only when the locking device 38 is unlocked or the locking pin 39 has been moved out of the locking opening 40 of the machine frame 4.
• the opening device 46 has at least one hydraulic cylinder 47, which is struck with its one end on the machine frame 4 and with its other end to a longitudinal edge side of the comb valve 28.
• the hydraulic cylinder 47 can be extended, so that the comb flap 28 can rotate about its pivot bearing 41 or the kinematic axis 35.
• the end of the hydraulic cylinder 47, which is arranged on the machine frame 4 is arranged at the level of the fixing means 49 or at the level of the locking device 38.
• FIG. 18 illustrates the method for opening the crushing device 1 or the individual positions of the comb 26a and the comb flap 28 during the pivoting movement of the comb flap 28.
• the closed state of the comb flap 28 of the comb 26a is arranged at a pivoting angle to the crushing roller 5, that the counter tools 27 to the crushing Tools 22 correspond, so that a crushing of the feed material can take place.
• the locking bolts 39 are retracted into the locking openings 40 of the machine frame 4.
• a fixing means 49 additionally fixes the locking bolt 39 in its end position.
• the comb 26a is first to be brought as close as possible to the comb flap 28 by means of the spring means 30.
• the locking pin 39 is moved out of the locking hole 40, so that the opening means 46 can be used.
• the hydraulic cylinder 47 of the opening device 46 extends and thus allows access to the comb 26a of the comminution device 1 or to the counter tools 27 of the comb 26a. Since both the spring means 30 and the pivot joints or the joint centers 33 of the comb valve 28 and the displacement measuring means 44 are arranged on the same axis, namely the kinematic axis 35, no change in position of the spring means 30 and / or the distance measuring means 44 results relative to the comb flap 28 during pivoting.
• Articulation point spring means 35 kinematic axis

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
• Crushing And Grinding (AREA)

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• 2017
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