WO2018145646A1 - 一种锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2018145646A1
WO2018145646A1 PCT/CN2018/075839 CN2018075839W WO2018145646A1 WO 2018145646 A1 WO2018145646 A1 WO 2018145646A1 CN 2018075839 W CN2018075839 W CN 2018075839W WO 2018145646 A1 WO2018145646 A1 WO 2018145646A1
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lithium ion
ion battery
positive electrode
acrylate
aqueous binder
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PCT/CN2018/075839
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English (en)
French (fr)
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白丰瑞
李强
罗贺斌
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北京蓝海黑石科技有限公司
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Priority to KR1020237040148A priority Critical patent/KR102673575B1/ko
Priority to KR1020217038691A priority patent/KR102455079B1/ko
Priority to KR1020237018515A priority patent/KR102618064B1/ko
Priority to EP18751972.3A priority patent/EP3581596B1/en
Priority to PL18751972T priority patent/PL3581596T3/pl
Priority to KR1020197024344A priority patent/KR102508553B1/ko
Priority to ES18751972T priority patent/ES2900366T3/es
Priority to JP2019563659A priority patent/JP6826339B2/ja
Priority to KR1020227035162A priority patent/KR102545755B1/ko
Publication of WO2018145646A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018145646A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J133/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09J133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
    • C09J133/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
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    • C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
    • C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
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    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
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    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
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    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
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    • C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
    • C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
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    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/10—Esters
    • C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
    • C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
    • C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
    • C08F220/1804—C4-(meth)acrylate, e.g. butyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate or tert-butyl (meth)acrylate
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    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/10—Esters
    • C08F220/26—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen
    • C08F220/28—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing no aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety
    • C08F220/281—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing no aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety and containing only one oxygen, e.g. furfuryl (meth)acrylate or 2-methoxyethyl (meth)acrylate
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    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
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    • C08F220/44—Acrylonitrile
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    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/52—Amides or imides
    • C08F220/54—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide
    • C08F220/56—Acrylamide; Methacrylamide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/04—Azo-compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/28—Oxygen or compounds releasing free oxygen
    • C08F4/32—Organic compounds
    • C08F4/34—Per-compounds with one peroxy-radical
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/621—Binders
    • H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C08F218/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid or of a haloformic acid
    • C08F218/02—Esters of monocarboxylic acids
    • C08F218/04—Vinyl esters
    • C08F218/10—Vinyl esters of monocarboxylic acids containing three or more carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/52—Amides or imides
    • C08F220/54—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide
    • C08F220/58—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide containing oxygen in addition to the carbonamido oxygen, e.g. N-methylolacrylamide, N-(meth)acryloylmorpholine
    • C08F220/585—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide containing oxygen in addition to the carbonamido oxygen, e.g. N-methylolacrylamide, N-(meth)acryloylmorpholine and containing other heteroatoms, e.g. 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid [AMPS]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a lithium ion battery positive electrode aqueous binder and a preparation method thereof.
  • lithium ion secondary batteries have the advantages of high energy density, long life, small size, light weight, safety and reliability, and no pollution. They have been widely used in electric vehicles and aerospace. Communication equipment and all kinds of portable electrical appliances have become the most promising ideal energy sources in the 21st century.
  • a lithium ion battery is usually obtained by mixing and polishing an electroactive material, a conductive agent and a binder solution into a slurry, applying it to a copper foil or an aluminum foil as a current collector, and drying it by a process such as drying and rolling.
  • the lithium ion battery binder is one of the essential raw materials in the preparation process of the lithium ion battery, and its function is to adhere the positive and negative electrode electroactive materials and the conductive agent to the current collector.
  • Lithium-ion battery positive electrode binders are mainly divided into two types, one is an oily binder using an organic solvent as a dispersing agent, and the fluoropolymer binder is widely used at present, such as N-methylpyrrolidone ( Abbreviation: NMP) Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a solvent, because the amount of organic solvent in the binder is large and it is easy to volatilize during the manufacturing process, which pollutes the environment and also causes a large health to the operator. Damage, and fluoropolymers and their solvents are expensive, increasing production costs.
  • the PVDF adhesive also has a problem that the charge and discharge cycle characteristics are lowered.
  • the other type is an aqueous binder using water as a dispersing agent.
  • the Chinese invention patent CN201410731027.8 discloses an ideal aqueous binder for lithium ion batteries by dropping oleophilic monomers and hydrophilicity in SBS.
  • the monomer and the initiator, and the lipophilic hydrophilic monomer is grafted to the SBS macromolecular segment by a suitable chemical reaction, and the adhesive can be used for the preparation of the positive electrode of the lithium ion battery, so that the electrode material has excellent adhesion properties. And dispersion performance.
  • the binder when the binder is fabricated in a positive electrode sheet of a lithium ion battery, the bulk density is low, and the pole piece is brittle after drying, and is easily curled and cracked during the drying process, thereby reducing the yield of the product and the production efficiency of the factory.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a positive electrode aqueous binder for a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof, which solves the problem that the positive electrode bulk density of the lithium ion battery in the prior art is low, brittle after drying, poor flexibility, and finished product.
  • Technical problems such as low rate and low production efficiency.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a positive electrode aqueous binder for a lithium ion battery, which comprises using water as a dispersion medium, adding an acrylate monomer, an amphiphilic reactive emulsifier, and a special functional group having the flexibility of improving the polymer chain.
  • the functional monomer and the initiator are stirred and mixed, and the polymerization is initiated at a temperature rise to obtain a water-based binder for the positive electrode of the lithium ion battery;
  • the acrylate monomer is selected from the group consisting of methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide, itaconic acid, One or more of acrylic acid, hydroxypropyl acrylate or octyl acrylate;
  • amphiphilic reactive emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of sodium acrylamido isopropyl sulfonate, an allyl group-containing special alcohol ether sulfate, a double bond-containing alcohol ether sulfosuccinate sodium salt, and allylic oxygen.
  • sodium hydroxypropane sulfonate or sodium alkyl amide sulfonate is selected from the group consisting of sodium acrylamido isopropyl sulfonate, an allyl group-containing special alcohol ether sulfate, a double bond-containing alcohol ether sulfosuccinate sodium salt, and allylic oxygen.
  • sodium hydroxypropane sulfonate or sodium alkyl amide sulfonate sodium alkyl amide sulfonate
  • the functional monomer having a special functional group for improving the flexibility of the polymer chain is selected from the group consisting of octadecyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, laurate, heptadecyl acrylate, octadecyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, One or more of vinyl versatate, benzyl acrylate or perfluoroalkyl acrylate;
  • lauric acid ester is, for example, lauryl acrylate
  • perfluoroalkyl acrylate is, for example, perfluoroalkylethyl acrylate
  • the initiator is selected from one or more of an inorganic peroxygen initiator, an azo initiator, an organic peroxy initiator, a water-soluble redox initiator or an oil-soluble redox initiator;
  • the initiator is selected from one or more of azobisisobutyronitrile, benzoyl peroxide, sodium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, persulfate or sodium sulfite;
  • the amount of the functional monomer is 5% to 40% of the total amount of the monomer, and/or the amount of the amphiphilic reactive emulsifier is 0.1% to 8% of the total weight;
  • the positive electrode of the lithium ion battery The aqueous binder has a solid content of 10% to 25%;
  • amphiphilic reactive emulsifier is used in an amount of 0.5% to 2% by weight;
  • the stirring speed during the reaction is 200 to 800 rpm, and the temperature of the initiation is 40 to 90 °C.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a positive electrode aqueous binder for a lithium ion battery, which is prepared by the method for preparing a lithium ion battery positive electrode aqueous binder according to any one of the above, and has a solid content of 10% to 25%, viscosity. The range is from 800 mPa.s to 20,000 mPa.s.
  • the functional monomer is an acrylate, and when an acrylate is formed, one of the "-OH" is provided, and seven or more carbon atoms are contained.
  • one side providing "-OH" contains from 7 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • the functional monomer is cyclohexyl acrylate or perfluoroalkyl ethyl acrylate.
  • a lithium ion battery positive electrode aqueous binder provided in an embodiment of the present invention has a glass transition temperature of less than 0 °C.
  • the lithium ion battery positive electrode aqueous binder has a glass transition temperature of less than -9 ° C, and more preferably, the binder has a glass transition temperature of -14 ° C to -24 ° C.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a functional monomer having a special functional group for improving flexibility of a polymer chain for use in preparing a positive electrode aqueous binder for a lithium ion battery.
  • the functional monomer is an acrylate, and when an acrylate is formed, one side providing "-OH" contains 7 or more carbon atoms, and preferably, "- One side of OH" contains 7-18 carbon atoms.
  • the functional monomer is cyclohexyl acrylate or perfluoroalkyl ethyl acrylate.
  • a method for preparing a positive electrode aqueous binder for a lithium ion battery which comprises specifically adding a functional monomer having a special functional group for improving flexibility of a polymer chain during preparation.
  • the preparation method of the lithium ion battery positive electrode aqueous binder provided by the embodiment of the invention has simple operation steps, and the prepared adhesive has good flexibility and moderate viscosity, and can be used for the positive electrode of the lithium ion battery positive electrode.
  • the bulk density of the sheet, and the pole piece is smooth, and there is no curling phenomenon.
  • the battery prepared by using the pole piece has good cycle performance, and improves product yield and factory production efficiency.
  • Example 1 is a TGA chart of a lithium ion positive electrode aqueous binder provided in Example 1 of the present invention.
  • Example 2 is a charge and discharge cycle diagram of the lithium ion test battery provided in Example 3.
  • Example 3 is a DSC analysis chart of a lithium ion positive electrode aqueous binder provided in Example 1 of the present invention.
  • Example 4 is a DSC analysis diagram of a lithium ion positive electrode aqueous binder provided in Example 2 of the present invention.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a positive electrode aqueous binder for a lithium ion battery by using water as a dispersion medium, adding a conventional acrylate monomer, and introducing a reactive emulsifier having a parent structure and having a high increase.
  • the functional monomer and the initiator of the special functional group with flexible molecular chain are stirred, and under the action of the initiator, the polymerization reaction is initiated by controlling the initiation temperature and the addition time of the monomer, thereby changing the special functional monomer in the molecule.
  • a positive electrode aqueous binder for lithium ion batteries was prepared.
  • the high mixing state is maintained during the reaction to maintain the rotational speed at 200-800 rpm and the induced temperature is 40 °C to 90 °C.
  • the above conventional acrylate monomer is selected from the group consisting of methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide.
  • the amphiphilic reactive emulsifier comprises a copolymerizable carbon-carbon double bond, and one end of the molecule is a non-polar hydrophobic group, and the other end of the molecule is a hydrophilic hydrophilic group.
  • it may be selected from sodium acrylamido isopropyl sulfonate, allylic-containing specialty alcohol ether sulfate (such as NRS-10), and double bond-containing alcohol ether sulfosuccinate sodium salt (such as NRS-138).
  • NRS-10 allylic-containing specialty alcohol ether sulfate
  • double bond-containing alcohol ether sulfosuccinate sodium salt such as NRS-138
  • sodium allyloxyhydroxypropane sulfonate or sodium alkylamide sulfonate or more of sodium allyloxyhydroxypropane sulfonate.
  • the amount of the amphiphilic reactive emulsifier is from 0.1% to 8% by weight based on the total weight. In a preferred embodiment, the amphiphilic reactive emulsifier is present in an amount from 0.5% to 2% by weight based on the total weight.
  • the main feature of the functional monomer having the special functional group for improving the flexibility of the polymer chain is that the main chain contains a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond and contains one or more longer Hydrocarbyl side chain or functional monomer containing a special structure (such as a special flexible structure such as a tree structure). It may specifically be selected from octadecyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, laurate, heptadecyl acrylate, octadecyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, vinyl versatate, benzyl acrylate or perfluoroalkyl acrylate. One or more of them.
  • the functional monomer comprises from 5% to 40% of the total monomer.
  • the initiator is selected from the group consisting of an inorganic peroxy initiator, an azo initiator, an organic peroxy initiator, a water-soluble redox initiator or an oil-soluble redox initiator. Or several, which may specifically be selected from one or more of azobisisobutyronitrile, benzoyl peroxide, sodium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, persulfate or sodium sulfite.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides a positive electrode aqueous binder for a lithium ion battery, which is prepared by the preparation method according to any one of the above methods, and has a solid content of 10% to 25%.
  • the viscosity ranges from 800 mPa.s to 20,000 mPa.s.
  • the positive electrode electroactive materials suitable for the aqueous binder of the positive electrode of the lithium ion battery of the present invention are LiFePO 4 , LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 and a multicomponent mixture thereof.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides a positive electrode tab for a lithium ion battery, which is prepared by mixing the above-mentioned aqueous binder with a positive electrode active material to prepare a slurry, which is coated and dried on a current collector, wherein the slurry is water-based.
  • the content of the binder is from 1% to 8%, preferably from 2% to 6%.
  • the preparation method of the lithium ion battery positive electrode aqueous binder provided by the embodiment of the invention has simple operation steps, and the adhesive prepared by the method has good flexibility and moderate viscosity, and can be used for the production of the positive electrode of the lithium ion battery.
  • the packing density of the pole piece is smooth, and the pole piece is smooth, and there is no curling phenomenon.
  • the battery prepared by using the pole piece has good cycle performance, and improves product yield and factory production efficiency.
  • the preparation method of the lithium ion battery positive electrode aqueous binder provided by the present invention and the lithium ion battery positive electrode aqueous binder prepared by the method will be further described by way of specific examples, which will be helpful for understanding the present invention. However, the invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
  • sodium acrylamido isopropyl sulfonate, laurate and sodium persulfate are respectively used as an amphiphilic reactive emulsifier, a functional monomer having a special functional group for improving the flexibility of the polymer chain, and an initiator.
  • a mixture of acrylic acid, acrylamide and butyl acrylate is used as the acrylate monomer, and the ratio of the acrylate monomer, the amphiphilic reactive emulsifier and the functional monomer in the whole preparation process is 19:0.1:1.
  • the solution of the positive electrode aqueous binder of the lithium ion battery is prepared according to the following steps: by weight, 320 parts of water, 0.4 parts of sodium acrylamido isopropyl sulfonate, 25 parts of acrylic acid, 15 parts of propylene are sequentially added to the reaction kettle.
  • the weak base adjusting binder is alkaline substance such as ammonia water, sodium hydrogencarbonate or sodium carbonate), and the temperature is lowered after 30 minutes of heat preservation, thereby preparing a positive electrode aqueous binder solution for the lithium ion battery.
  • the above aqueous binder has good flexibility and is analyzed by DSC, and the experimental results are shown in FIG. It can be seen from FIG. 3 that the glass transition temperature of the positive electrode aqueous binder of the lithium ion battery prepared in this embodiment is -20.7 ° C, which is lower than the normal use temperature, thereby ensuring the adhesive during use. Flexibility. And the viscosity of the adhesive is moderate, and its viscosity is 1500 mPa.s. The TGA spectrum of the adhesive is shown in Fig. 1. It is known from the spectrum that the aqueous binder is excellent in thermal stability and the decomposition temperature is higher than 350 °C.
  • sodium persulfate is still used as an initiator, except that sodium allyloxyhydroxypropane sulfonate and veova10 (vinyl versatate) are used as an amphiphilic reactive emulsifier and the polymer chain is improved.
  • a functional monomer having a flexible special functional group using a mixture of acrylic acid, acrylamide, butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, and itaconic acid as an acrylate monomer, wherein itaconic acid and a part of acrylic acid are initiated after a certain period of initiation of polymerization.
  • the ratio of acrylate monomer, amphiphilic reactive emulsifier and functional monomer in the whole preparation process is: 17:0.25:2.5.
  • the solution of the positive electrode aqueous binder of the lithium ion battery is prepared according to the following steps: 260 parts by weight, 1 part of sodium allyloxyhydroxypropane sulfonate, 10 parts of acrylic acid, 12 parts of propylene are sequentially added to the reaction kettle by weight.
  • the amide, 30 parts of butyl acrylate and 4 parts of ethyl acrylate, and 10 parts of veova10 were stirred and blended at 200 rpm.
  • the reaction time is 20 min; then the rotation speed is increased to 300 rpm while adding 8 parts of acrylic acid, 4 parts of itaconic acid and 60 parts of water, maintaining the reaction condition of 86 ° C, keeping warm The time is 4h; then add weak base to adjust the binder to neutral (the weak base adjusts the binder to ammonia, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate and other alkaline substances), and after 30 minutes of heat preservation, the temperature is lowered to obtain lithium ion. Battery positive aqueous binder solution.
  • the above aqueous binder has a viscosity of 4000 mPa ⁇ s, a solid content of 20%, and good mechanical stability.
  • the experimental results are shown in Figure 4. It can be seen from FIG. 4 that the glass transition temperature of the positive electrode aqueous binder of the lithium ion battery prepared in this embodiment is -18.9 ° C, which is lower than the normal use temperature, thereby ensuring the adhesive during use. Flexibility.
  • a positive electrode slurry was prepared using the aqueous binder solution prepared in Example 2 using a manganese + ternary system as a positive electrode active material.
  • the ratio of the materials in the entire positive electrode slurry was: aqueous binder, 2.0%; positive electrode material, 95%; conductive agent S-P, 3%.
  • the positive electrode slurry prepared above had a solid content of 70% and a viscosity of 8000 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the thixotropy of the slurry was good, and the coating process used a drying tunnel of 18 m, wherein the temperature of the drying tunnel was set to 90 ° C - 110 ° C - 120 ° C - 100 ° C - 90 ° C, and a coating speed of 8 m / min was used.
  • the positive electrode tab made of the slurry is smooth, has no curling phenomenon, has high bulk density, and has high yield of the pole piece.
  • FIG. 2 is a charge and discharge cycle diagram of the above-described lithium ion test battery, in which the ordinate is the capacity retention amount, and the abscissa is the number of charge and discharge cycles (times). It can be seen from Fig. 2 that the first charge and discharge capacity of the test battery is greater than 90%, the capacity is excellent, and the discharge curve platform is stable. After using the 1c cycle for 200 times, the battery capacity is basically not decreased. After 500 cycles, the battery capacity retention rate is still not obvious. The decline is basically maintained at more than 90%, and the capacity decline is reduced.
  • sodium acrylamido isopropyl sulfonate, lauryl acrylate and sodium persulfate are respectively used as an amphiphilic reactive emulsifier, a functional monomer having a special functional group for improving flexibility of a polymer chain, and an initiator.
  • a mixture of acrylic acid, acrylamide and butyl acrylate is used as the acrylate monomer, and the ratio of the acrylate monomer, the amphiphilic reactive emulsifier and the functional monomer in the whole preparation process is 19:0.15:1.
  • the solution of the positive electrode aqueous binder of the lithium ion battery is prepared according to the following steps: by weight, 320 parts of water, 0.4 parts of sodium acrylamido isopropyl sulfonate, 25 parts of acrylic acid, 15 parts of propylene are sequentially added to the reaction kettle.
  • the amide and 36 parts of butyl acrylate, and 6 parts of lauryl acrylate were stirred and blended at 400 rpm.
  • the weak base adjusting binder is alkaline substance such as ammonia water, sodium hydrogencarbonate or sodium carbonate), and the temperature is lowered after 30 minutes of heat preservation, thereby preparing a positive electrode aqueous binder solution for the lithium ion battery.
  • the above aqueous binder utilizes DSC analysis and has a glass transition temperature of -21.2 ° C which is lower than the normal use temperature, thereby ensuring the flexibility of the adhesive during use. And the viscosity of the adhesive is moderate, the viscosity is 2300 mPa.s, and the decomposition temperature is higher than 350 °C.
  • the preparation method is the same as that in Example 4, except that octadecyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, heptadecyl acrylate, octadecyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate or perfluorocarbon, respectively.
  • One of the alkyl ethyl acrylates is a lithium ion battery positive electrode aqueous binder prepared as a functional monomer having a special functional group for improving the flexibility of the polymer chain, and the results of the experiment are shown in Table 1. Show.
  • One or more functional monomers which are amphiphilic special functional groups for improving the flexibility of the polymer chain, and the prepared glass transition temperature of the lithium ion battery positive electrode binder is -9 ° C to -24 ° C.

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂及其制备方法，解决了现有技术中的锂离子电池正极堆积密度偏低、干燥后较脆、柔软性差、成品率低、生产效率低等技术问题。本发明提供的锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂的制备方法，以水为分散介质，加入丙烯酸酯单体、双亲性反应型乳化剂、具有提高高分子链柔性的特殊官能团的功能性单体以及引发剂搅拌混匀，升温引发聚合，反应得到锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂。

Description

一种锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及锂离子电池技术领域，具体涉及一种锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
新能源项目作为一种新兴产业，符合国家节能减排和可持续发展的方针政策，对于产业结构的调整和转型有很大的帮助。锂离子二次电池作为新能源产业中一个很重要的组成部分，其具有能量密度高、寿命长、体积小、重量轻、安全可靠、无污染等优点，已广泛应用于电动车辆、航天航空、通讯设备以及各类便携式电器，成为21世纪最具发展前景的理想能源。
锂离子电池通常是将电活性物质、导电剂与粘合剂溶液混合研磨均匀成为浆料，涂布于作为集电体的铜箔或铝箔上，经干燥、碾压等工艺处理而成。其中，锂离子电池粘合剂是锂离子电池制备过程中必不可少的原材料之一，其作用是将正、负极电活性材料和导电剂粘附于集电体上。
锂离子电池正极粘合剂主要分为两类，一类为采用有机溶剂作为分散剂的油性粘合剂，目前应用较为广泛的是含氟聚合物粘合剂，如以N-甲基吡咯烷酮(简称：NMP)作为溶剂的聚偏二氟乙烯(简称：PVDF)，由于该粘合剂中有机溶剂用量大且在制作过程中容易挥发，污染环境的同时对操作人员的健康也产生较大的损害，且含氟聚合物及其溶剂价格昂贵，增加了生产成本。另外，该PVDF粘合剂还有充放电循环特性降低的问题。另一类为采用水作为分散剂的水性粘合剂，目前中国发明专利CN201410731027.8公布了一种比较理想的锂离子电池水性粘合剂，通过在SBS中滴入亲油单体和亲水单体以及引发剂，并将亲油亲水单体通过合适的化学反应接枝到SBS 大分子链段上，该粘合剂可用于锂离子电池正极的制作，使电极材料具有优良的附着性能和分散性能。但该粘合剂在锂离子电池正极极片制作时，堆积密度偏低，且极片干燥后较脆，干燥过程中容易卷边和开裂，降低了产品的成品率和工厂的生产效率。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明实施例提供了一种锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂及其制备方法，解决了现有技术中的锂离子电池正极堆积密度偏低、干燥后较脆、柔软性差、成品率低、生产效率低等技术问题。
本发明一实施例提供的一种锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂的制备方法，以水为分散介质，加入丙烯酸酯单体、双亲性反应型乳化剂、具有提高高分子链柔性的特殊官能团的功能性单体以及引发剂搅拌混匀，升温引发聚合，反应得到锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂；
其中，所述丙烯酸酯单体选自甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯腈、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、衣康酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸羟丙酯或丙烯酸辛酯中的一种或多种；
其中，所述双亲性反应型乳化剂选自丙烯酰胺基异丙基磺酸钠、含烯丙基的特种醇醚硫酸盐、含双键的醇醚磺基琥珀酸酯钠盐、烯丙氧基羟丙磺酸钠或烷基酰胺乙烯磺酸钠中的一种或多种；
其中，所述具有提高高分子链柔性的特殊官能团的功能性单体选自丙烯酸十八酯、丙烯酸辛酯、月桂酸酯、丙烯酸十七酯、甲基丙烯酸十八酯、丙烯酸环己酯、叔碳酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸苄酯或丙烯酸全氟烷基酯中的一种或多种；
其中月桂酸酯例如为丙烯酸月桂酯，丙烯酸全氟烷基酯例如为全氟烷基乙基丙烯酸酯等；
其中，所述引发剂选自无机过氧类引发剂、偶氮类引发剂、有机过氧类 引发剂、水溶性氧化还原引发剂或油溶性氧化还原引发剂中的一种或几种；
其中，所述引发剂选自偶氮二异丁腈、过氧化苯甲酰、过硫酸钠、过硫酸铵、过硫酸盐或亚硫酸钠中的一种或几种；
其中，所述功能性单体用量占单体总用量的5％-40％，和/或，所述双亲性反应型乳化剂用量占总重量的0.1％～8％；所述锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂的固含量为10％～25％；
其中，所述双亲性反应型乳化剂用量占总重量的0.5％～2％；
其中，反应过程中的搅拌速度为200～800rpm，所述引发的温度为40℃～90℃。
本发明一实施例提供的一种锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂，由上述任一所述的锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂的制备方法制得，其固含量为10％-25％，粘度范围为800mPa.s～20000mPa.s。
本发明一具体实施方式中，所述功能性单体为丙烯酸酯类，且形成丙烯酸酯类时，提供“-OH”的一方含有7个以上的碳原子。
在本发明的一个具体实施方式中，提供“-OH”的一方含有7-18个碳原子。
在本发明的一个具体实施方式中，所述功能性单体为丙烯酸环己酯或全氟烷基乙基丙烯酸酯。
本发明一具体实施方式中提供的锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂，其玻璃化转变温度低于0℃。优选地，该锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂的玻璃化转变温度低于-9℃，更优选地，该粘合剂的玻璃化转变温度为-14℃～-24℃。
本发明另一方面提供具有提高高分子链柔性的特殊官能团的功能性单体在制备锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂中的应用。
在本发明提供的一个具体实施方式中，所述功能性单体为丙烯酸酯类，且形成丙烯酸酯类时，提供“-OH”的一方含有7个以上的碳原子，优选地，提供“-OH”的一方含有7-18个碳原子。
在本发明提供的一个具体实施方式中，所述功能性单体为丙烯酸环己酯或全氟烷基乙基丙烯酸酯。
本发明又一方面提供锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂的制备方法，其具体包括在制备过程中加入具有提高高分子链柔性的特殊官能团的功能性单体。
由本发明实施例提供的锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂的制备方法，操作步骤简单，制备出的粘合剂柔韧性好，粘度适中，用于锂离子电池正极的制作时，可增大正极极片的堆积密度，且极片平滑，无卷边开裂现象，利用此极片制备的电池循环性能好，提高了产品的成品率和工厂的生产效率。
附图说明
图1所示为本发明实施例1提供的锂离子正极水性粘合剂的TGA谱图。
图2所示为实施例3提供的锂离子试验电池的充放电循环图。
图3所示为本发明实施例1提供的锂离子正极水性粘合剂的DSC分析图。
图4所示为本发明实施例2提供的锂离子正极水性粘合剂的DSC分析图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明一实施例提供的一种锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂的制备方法为：以水为分散介质，加入常规丙烯酸酯单体的同时，引入具有双亲结构的反应型乳化剂和具有提高高分子链柔性的特殊官能团的功能性单体以及引发剂，进行搅拌，在引发剂的作用下，通过控制引发温度和单体的加入时间，引发聚合反应，从而改变了特殊功能性单体在分子中的排列组合，制备出锂离子 电池正极水性粘合剂。在本发明一实施例中，反应过程中保持较高的混合状态维持转速在200-800rpm，引发的温度为40℃～90℃。
在本发明一实施例中，上述常规丙烯酸酯单体选自甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯腈、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、衣康酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸羟丙酯或丙烯酸辛酯中的一种或多种。
在本发明一实施例中，上述双亲性反应型乳化剂含有一个可共聚的碳碳双键，且分子的一端为非极性的疏水基，分子的另一端为极性亲水的亲水基。其具体可选自丙烯酰胺基异丙基磺酸钠、含烯丙基的特种醇醚硫酸盐(如NRS-10)、含双键的醇醚磺基琥珀酸酯钠盐(如NRS-138)、烯丙氧基羟丙磺酸钠或烷基酰胺乙烯磺酸钠中的一种或多种。对于双亲性反应型乳化剂的用量，占总重量的0.1％～8％。在一较优的实施例中，双亲性反应型乳化剂的用量占总重量的0.5％～2％。
在本发明一实施例中，上述具有提高高分子链柔性的特殊官能团的功能性单体的主要特征为：其主链含有一个可聚合的碳碳双键，且含有一个或多个较长的烃基侧链或含有特殊结构的功能单体(如树状结构等特殊的柔性结构)。其具体可选自丙烯酸十八酯、丙烯酸辛酯、月桂酸酯、丙烯酸十七酯、甲基丙烯酸十八酯、丙烯酸环己酯、叔碳酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸苄酯或丙烯酸全氟烷基酯中的一种或多种。在一实施例中，该功能性单体占单体总用量的5％-40％。
在本发明一实施例中，上述引发剂选自无机过氧类引发剂、偶氮类引发剂、有机过氧类引发剂、水溶性氧化还原引发剂或油溶性氧化还原引发剂中的一种或几种，其具体可选自偶氮二异丁腈、过氧化苯甲酰、过硫酸钠、过硫酸铵、过硫酸盐或亚硫酸钠中的一种或几种。
本发明一实施例还提供了一种锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂，该锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂由上述任一所述的制备方法制得，其固含量为10％-25％， 粘度范围为800mPa.s～20000mPa.s。
本发明中锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂所适用的正极电活性材料为LiFePO 4、LiCoO 2、LiNiO 2、LiMn 2O 4及其多元混合物等。
本发明一实施例还提供了一种锂离子电池正极极片，使用上述的水性粘合剂与正极活性材料混合调制成浆料，涂布于集电体上干燥而成，其中浆料中水性粘合剂的含量为1％～8％，优选为2％-6％。
本发明实施例提供的锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂的制备方法，操作步骤简单，由本方法制备出的粘合剂柔韧性好，粘度适中，用于锂离子电池正极的制作时，可增大正极极片的堆积密度，且极片平滑，无卷边开裂现象，利用此极片制备的电池循环性能好，提高了产品的成品率和工厂的生产效率。
下面将通过具体实施例进一步说明本发明提供的锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂的制备方法及利用本方法制备出的锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂，这将有助于对本发明的理解。但是，本发明并不局限于下列实施例。
实施例1：
本实施例中，分别采用丙烯酰胺基异丙基磺酸钠、月桂酸酯和过硫酸钠作为双亲性反应型乳化剂、具有提高高分子链柔性的特殊官能团的功能性单体以及引发剂，采用丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺以及丙烯酸丁酯的混合物作为丙烯酸酯单体，整个制备过程中丙烯酸酯单体、双亲性反应型乳化剂以及功能性单体的比例为：19:0.1:1。
具体按以下步骤制备锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂的溶液：按重量计，依次向反应釜中加入：320份水，0.4份丙烯酰胺基异丙基磺酸钠，25份丙烯酸、15份丙烯酰胺和36份丙烯酸丁酯，以及4份月桂酸酯，在400rpm的转速条件下搅拌共混。当温度升高至82℃时加入过硫酸钠，引发聚合，反应时间为40min；然后提高转速至550rpm，保持82℃引发条件，保温时间为3h；再加入弱碱调节粘合剂调至中性(其中弱碱调节粘合剂为氨水、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠等碱性物质)，保温30min后降低温度，即制得锂离子电池正 极水性粘合剂溶液。
上述水性粘合剂的柔韧性好，利用DSC分析，其实验结果如图3所示。由图3可以看出，本实施例所制备的锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂的玻璃化转变温度为-20.7℃，其低于正常的使用温度，从而保证了粘合剂在使用过程中的柔韧性。且该粘合剂的粘度适中，其粘度为1500mPa.s。该粘合剂的TGA谱图如图1所示，由谱图可知该水性粘合剂的热稳定优异，分解温度高于350℃。
实施例2：
本实施例中，仍然采用过硫酸钠作为引发剂，不同的是，分别采用烯丙氧基羟丙磺酸钠和veova10(叔碳酸乙烯酯)作为双亲性反应型乳化剂和具有提高高分子链柔性的特殊官能团的功能性单体，采用丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸乙酯以及衣康酸的混合物作为丙烯酸酯单体，其中，衣康酸与部分丙烯酸在引发聚合开始一段时间后与部分水一起加入，整个制备过程中丙烯酸酯单体、双亲性反应型乳化剂以及功能性单体的比例为：17:0.25:2.5。
具体按以下步骤制备锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂的溶液：按重量计，依次向反应釜中加入：260份水，1份烯丙氧基羟丙磺酸钠，10份丙烯酸、12份丙烯酰胺、30份丙烯酸丁酯和4份丙烯酸乙酯，以及10份veova10，在200rpm的转速条件下搅拌共混。当温度升高至82℃时加入过硫酸钠，引发聚合，反应时间为20min；然后提高转速至300rpm同时加入8份丙烯酸、4份衣康酸以及60份的水，保持86℃反应条件，保温时间为4h；再加入弱碱调节粘合剂调至中性(其中弱碱调节粘合剂为氨水、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠等碱性物质)，保温30min后降低温度，即制得锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂溶液。
上述水性粘合剂的粘度为4000mPa.s，固含量为20％，机械稳定性好。
利用DSC分析，其实验结果如图4所示。由图4可以看出，本实施例所制备的锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂的玻璃化转变温度为-18.9℃，其低于正 常的使用温度，从而保证了粘合剂在使用过程中的柔韧性。
实施例3：
以锰+三元体系为正极电活性材料，采用实施例2制得的水性粘合剂溶液制备正极浆料。整个正极浆料中材料的配比为：水性粘合剂，2.0％；正极材料，95％；导电剂S-P，3％。
上述制得的正极浆料的固含量为70％，粘度为8000mPa.s。此浆料触变性好，涂布过程采用18m的烘道，其中烘道温度的设置为90℃-110℃-120℃-100℃-90℃，采用8米/min的涂布速度。由此浆料制成的正极极片平滑，无卷边开裂现象，堆积密度高，极片的成品率也高。
上述正极极片匹配锰酸锂(BN-M01)活性物质组装成锂离子实验电池，进行应用试验，结果如图2所示。图2所示为上述锂离子试验电池的充放循环图，其中，纵坐标为容量保持量，横坐标为充放电循环次数(次)。由图2可知，试验电池首次充放电容量大于90％，容量发挥优异，放电曲线平台稳定，采用1c循环200次后，电池容量基本没有下降，循环500周后，电池容量保持率仍没有明显的下降，基本保持在90％以上，容量衰减少。
实施例4
本实施例中，分别采用丙烯酰胺基异丙基磺酸钠、丙烯酸月桂酯和过硫酸钠作为双亲性反应型乳化剂、具有提高高分子链柔性的特殊官能团的功能性单体以及引发剂，采用丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺以及丙烯酸丁酯的混合物作为丙烯酸酯单体，整个制备过程中丙烯酸酯单体、双亲性反应型乳化剂以及功能性单体的比例为：19:0.15:1。
具体按以下步骤制备锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂的溶液：按重量计，依次向反应釜中加入：320份水，0.4份丙烯酰胺基异丙基磺酸钠，25份丙烯酸、15份丙烯酰胺和36份丙烯酸丁酯，以及6份丙烯酸月桂酯，在400rpm的转速条件下搅拌共混。当温度升高至82℃时加入过硫酸钠，引发聚合，反应时间为40min；然后提高转速至550rpm，保持82℃引发条件，保温时 间为3h；再加入弱碱调节粘合剂调至中性(其中弱碱调节粘合剂为氨水、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠等碱性物质)，保温30min后降低温度，即制得锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂溶液。
上述水性粘合剂利用DSC分析，其玻璃化转变温度为-21.2℃，其低于正常的使用温度，从而保证了粘合剂在使用过程中的柔韧性。且该粘合剂的粘度适中，其粘度为2300mPa.s，分解温度高于350℃。
实施例5
本实施例中，其制备方法同实施例4，不同的是分别以丙烯酸十八酯、丙烯酸辛酯、丙烯酸十七酯、甲基丙烯酸十八酯、丙烯酸环己酯、丙烯酸苄酯或全氟烷基乙基丙烯酸酯中的一种作为具有双亲性提高高分子链柔性的特殊官能团的功能性单体所制备的锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂，利用DSC分析，其实验结果如表1所示。
表1 不同的锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂的玻璃化温度
功能性单体 玻璃化温度(℃)
丙烯酸十八酯 -23.8
丙烯酸辛酯 -14.4
丙烯酸十七酯 -16.8
甲基丙烯酸十八酯 -12.7
丙烯酸环己酯 -9.8
丙烯酸苄酯 -10.6
全氟烷基乙基丙烯酸酯 -10.2
分别以丙烯酸十八酯、丙烯酸辛酯、丙烯酸月桂酯、丙烯酸十七酯、甲基丙烯酸十八酯、丙烯酸环己酯、叔碳酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸苄酯或全氟烷基乙基丙烯酸酯中的一种或多种作为双亲性提高高分子链柔性的特殊官能团的功能性单体，其所制备的锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂的玻璃化转变温度为 -9℃～-24℃。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂的制备方法，其特征在于，以水为分散介质，加入丙烯酸酯单体、双亲性反应型乳化剂、具有提高高分子链柔性的特殊官能团的功能性单体以及引发剂搅拌混匀，升温引发聚合，反应得到锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述丙烯酸酯单体选自甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯腈、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、衣康酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸羟丙酯或丙烯酸辛酯中的一种或多种。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述双亲性反应型乳化剂选自丙烯酰胺基异丙基磺酸钠、含烯丙基的特种醇醚硫酸盐、含双键的醇醚磺基琥珀酸酯钠盐、烯丙氧基羟丙磺酸钠或烷基酰胺乙烯磺酸钠中的一种或多种。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述具有提高高分子链柔性的特殊官能团的功能性单体选自丙烯酸十八酯、丙烯酸辛酯、月桂酸酯、丙烯酸十七酯、甲基丙烯酸十八酯、丙烯酸环己酯、叔碳酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸苄酯或丙烯酸全氟烷基酯中的一种或多种。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述引发剂选自无机过氧类引发剂、偶氮类引发剂、有机过氧类引发剂、水溶性氧化还原引发剂或油溶性氧化还原引发剂中的一种或几种。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述引发剂选自偶氮二异丁腈、过氧化苯甲酰、过硫酸钠、过硫酸铵、过硫酸盐或亚硫酸钠中的一种或几种。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述功能性单体用量占单体总用量的5％-40％，和/或，所述双亲 性反应型乳化剂用量占总重量的0.1％～8％；所述锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂的固含量为10％～25％。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述双亲性反应型乳化剂用量占总重量的0.5％～2％。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂的制备方法，其特征在于，反应过程中的搅拌速度为200～800rpm，所述引发的温度为40℃～90℃。
  10. 一种锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂，其特征在于，所述的锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂由权利要求1-9任一项所述的锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂的制备方法制得，其固含量为10％-25％，粘度范围为800mPa.s～20000mPa.s。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述功能性单体为丙烯酸酯类，且形成丙烯酸酯类时，提供“-OH”的一方含有7个以上的碳原子，优选地，提供“-OH”的一方含有7-18个碳原子。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述功能性单体为丙烯酸环己酯或全氟烷基乙基丙烯酸酯。
  13. 权利要求1-9、11-12任一项所述的制备方法所制得的锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂或权利要求10所述的锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂，其特征在于，其玻璃化转变温度低于0℃。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂，其特征在于，其玻璃化转变温度低于-9℃。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂，其特征在于，其玻璃化转变温度为-14℃～-24℃。
  16. 具有提高高分子链柔性的功能性单体在制备锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂中的应用。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的应用，其特征在于，所述功能性单体为丙烯 酸酯类，且形成丙烯酸酯类时，提供“-OH”的一方含有7个以上的碳原子，优选地，提供“-OH”的一方含有7-18个碳原子。
  18. 根据权利要求16所述的应用，其特征在于，所述功能性单体为丙烯酸环己酯或全氟烷基乙基丙烯酸酯。
  19. 锂离子电池正极水性粘合剂的制备方法，其特征在于，在制备过程中加入具有提高高分子链柔性的功能性单体。
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