WO2017130492A1 - ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物、熱線遮蔽成形体および熱線遮蔽積層体 - Google Patents
ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物、熱線遮蔽成形体および熱線遮蔽積層体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017130492A1 WO2017130492A1 PCT/JP2016/081880 JP2016081880W WO2017130492A1 WO 2017130492 A1 WO2017130492 A1 WO 2017130492A1 JP 2016081880 W JP2016081880 W JP 2016081880W WO 2017130492 A1 WO2017130492 A1 WO 2017130492A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L69/00—Compositions of polycarbonates; Compositions of derivatives of polycarbonates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/13—Phenols; Phenolates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/36—Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
- C08K5/521—Esters of phosphoric acids, e.g. of H3PO4
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
- C08K5/524—Esters of phosphorous acids, e.g. of H3PO3
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
- C08K5/527—Cyclic esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2258—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/002—Physical properties
- C08K2201/005—Additives being defined by their particle size in general
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composite tungsten oxide fine particle dispersed polycarbonate resin composition, a heat ray shielding molded article, and a heat ray shielding laminate.
- roofing materials and wall materials of various buildings, and transport devices such as automobiles, trains, and aircraft are provided with so-called openings such as windows and doors.
- the ultraviolet ray and the infrared ray other than visible light are contained in the sunlight which enters from the opening concerned.
- near infrared rays having a wavelength of 800 to 2500 nm are also referred to as heat rays, and when entering into a room, a car and a car from the opening part, they cause the temperature of the room etc. to rise.
- the temperature rise in recent years, in the field of manufacturing window materials, arcades, ceiling domes, carports, etc.
- a heat ray shielding plate has been proposed in which a heat ray reflective film obtained by vapor-depositing a metal or metal oxide on a transparent resin film is adhered to a transparent molded article such as a glass, an acrylic plate or a polycarbonate plate.
- the heat ray reflective film needs to use a deposition apparatus that requires high vacuum and highly accurate atmosphere control in its manufacturing process, and its own cost is very expensive. Furthermore, in order to manufacture the heat ray blocking plate in which the heat ray reflective film is adhered to the transparent molded body, complicated processes such as an adhesion process are required. Therefore, the heat ray shielding plate is more expensive than the heat ray reflective film. Moreover, in the said heat ray blocking board, since the adhesiveness of a transparent molded object and a heat ray reflective film is not good, it also has the fault that peeling with a transparent molded body and a heat ray reflective film arises with a time-dependent change.
- heat ray shielding plates and films obtained by kneading an organic near infrared ray absorber represented by a phthalocyanine compound and an anthraquinone compound into a thermoplastic transparent resin (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- a heat ray shielding plate is also proposed in which inorganic particles such as titanium oxide having a heat ray reflection function or mica coated with titanium oxide are mixed in a transparent resin such as acrylic resin or polycarbonate resin ( See, for example, Patent Documents 3 and 4).
- the present inventors focused attention on hexaboride fine particles having a large amount of free electrons as a component having a heat ray shielding effect. Then, a heat ray shielding resin sheet material in which hexaboride fine particles are dispersed in polycarbonate resin or acrylic resin, or hexaboride fine particles and ITO fine particles and / or ATO fine particles are dispersed (see Patent Document 5) And a masterbatch obtained by melt-kneading and dispersing hexaboride fine particles in a thermoplastic resin (see Patent Document 6).
- MxWyOz (where M is H, He, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth element, Mg, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co) as a heat ray shielding component.
- thermoplastic resin sheet material and molded body obtained by melt-kneading and dispersing the hexaboride fine particles having the heat ray shielding effect and the composite tungsten oxide fine particles described above are basically used outdoors from the application, High weatherability is often required.
- some of the heat ray shielding members (films, resin sheets, etc.) containing the composite tungsten oxide fine particles are generated when receiving sunlight when used for a long time outdoors Under the influence of heat, moisture in the air, and oxygen, problems such as decrease in optical characteristics such as decrease in visible light transmittance over time, decrease in heat ray shielding function, change in color tone, increase in haze value, etc. were found .
- the inventors of the present invention have been directed to the problem that the infrared shielding material fine particle dispersion in which the composite tungsten oxide fine particles are dispersed in the medium causes a change in color tone and a decrease in transmittance due to receiving ultraviolet light for a long period of time.
- the phenomenon of color tone change due to the ultraviolet light of the infrared shielding material fine particle dispersion in which the composite tungsten oxide fine particles are dispersed in the polymer medium such as resin is the energy of the ultraviolet light when the polymer medium is irradiated with the ultraviolet light.
- the polymer chain is broken to generate active harmful radicals one after another, the deterioration of the polymer proceeds in a chain, these harmful radicals act reductively on the composite tungsten oxide fine particles, and newly pentavalent tungsten It was found that the coloring density increased with the increase of.
- the present inventors have been able to prevent the generation of new pentavalent tungsten and to suppress the change in color tone by preventing the ultraviolet light deterioration of the polymer medium. I thought. And, by causing a hindered amine light stabilizer (sometimes referred to as "HALS" in the present invention) to be present in the infrared shielding material fine particle dispersion containing the composite tungsten oxide fine particles, harmful rays generated by ultraviolet light It disclosed that the radical is captured to prevent the reduction of the composite tungsten oxide fine particles, and the color tone change of the infrared shielding material fine particle dispersion and the infrared shielding material due to the ultraviolet light is suppressed (see Patent Document 9).
- HALS hindered amine light stabilizer
- the present inventors trap the harmful radicals generated by the above-mentioned ultraviolet light, prevent the reduction of tungsten atoms in the tungsten oxide fine particles and the composite tungsten oxide fine particles, and the color tone of the infrared shielding material by the ultraviolet light.
- a phosphorus-based color protection agent (b) an amide-based color protection agent, (c) an amine-based color protection agent, (d) a hindered amine in a dispersion of fine particles of infrared shielding material particles containing composite tungsten oxide particles.
- the color tone change of the infrared shielding material due to ultraviolet light can be suppressed by the presence of a coloring inhibitor selected from (e) hindered phenolic coloring inhibitors and (f) sulfur coloring inhibitors.
- a coloring inhibitor selected from (e) hindered phenolic coloring inhibitors and (f) sulfur coloring inhibitors.
- the phosphorus-based coloring inhibitor is a coloring agent containing phosphorus, and a compound having a phosphorus-based functional group containing phosphorus is considered to be preferable.
- the general formula of the phosphorus-type color protection agent provided with the system functional group is illustrated.
- x, y, z take values of 0 or 1.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 each represent a linear, cyclic or branched hydrocarbon group represented by the general formula CmHn, or a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine, or a hydrogen atom is there. Furthermore, when y or z is 1, R 2 or R 3 may be a metal atom.
- the part excluding R 1 is a phosphorus functional group
- specific examples of the phosphorus functional group include phosphonic acid group (-P (O) (OH) 2 ), phosphorus Acid group (-O-P (O) (OH) 2 ), phosphonic acid ester group (-P (O) (OR 2 ) (OR 3 )), phosphoric acid ester group (-O-P (O) (OR) 2 ) (OR 3 )), phosphine group (-P (R 2 ) (R 3 )) and the like are mentioned.
- phosphonic acid-based color protection agents having a phosphonic acid group can efficiently trap metal ions and have excellent stability such as hydrolysis resistance, and thus are particularly suitable
- phosphorus-based functional groups containing pentavalent phosphorus such as phosphonic acid group, phosphoric acid group, phosphonic acid ester group and phosphoric acid ester group mainly have a chain initiation inhibiting function, ie, harmful Metal ion which becomes a catalyst to generate various peroxide radicals in a chelating manner by the adjacent phosphorus functional group and inactivating it, and has the function of inhibiting initiation of chain reaction by the peroxide radicals.
- a chain initiation inhibiting function ie, harmful Metal ion which becomes a catalyst to generate various peroxide radicals in a chelating manner by the adjacent phosphorus functional group and inactivating it, and has the function of inhibiting initiation of chain reaction by the peroxide radicals.
- a phosphorus-based functional group containing trivalent phosphorus such as a phosphine group mainly has a peroxide decomposition function, that is, the peroxide is decomposed into a stable compound by the P atom being oxidized by itself. Is believed to have the function of inhibiting the reaction of decomposition and radicalization.
- Patent Documents 11 and 12 addition of a phosphite compound for the purpose of improving the properties of polycarbonate resins is proposed in Patent Documents 11 and 12. And when the said phosphorus stabilizer is made to contain in a polycarbonate resin, the problem that a polycarbonate composition becomes cloudy with progress of time existed, However, by mix
- Patent document 14 proposes a hindered phenol compound as an antioxidant in order to make the melt stability of the resin good after completion of the polymerization reaction of the polycarbonate resin
- patent document 15 discloses In the production of polycarbonate resins, it has been proposed to add a hindered phenolic antioxidant for the purpose of preventing coloration.
- the present inventors regard the color tone change of the infrared shielding material fine particle dispersion and the decrease of the transmittance as the cause of the generation of the harmful radical due to the deterioration of the polymer material by the ultraviolet energy.
- a coloring inhibitor such as a hindered amine-based light stabilizer or a phosphorus-based coloring inhibitor, etc.
- the inventors of the present invention conducted researches to further improve the weather resistance of thermoplastic resin sheet materials and molded articles.
- the object to be examined is extended to the infrared shielding material fine particles having an infrared shielding function, and when the thermoplastic resin sheet material and the molded body receive sunlight, not only the ultraviolet energy described above
- the thermoplastic resin sheet material and the molded body receive sunlight, not only the ultraviolet energy described above
- the thermoplastic resin sheet material containing the infrared shielding material fine particles and the molded product show visible light transmittance with time due to the influence of heat generated when receiving sunlight, moisture in the air and oxygen.
- the problem has been accomplished focusing on the problem of deterioration of functions such as reduction of heat ray shielding function, change of color tone, and increase of haze value.
- the problem to be solved is the infrared shielding material particles in which the weather resistance deterioration of the infrared shielding material particles caused by the influence of the heat generated when receiving sunlight, the moisture in the air and the oxygen is suppressed.
- the present inventors change the color tone and transmittance by receiving ultraviolet rays for a long period of time
- a polymer medium such as a resin used in the fine particle dispersion of infrared shielding material
- the polymer chain is cut by the ultraviolet energy to generate active harmful radicals one after another, and these harmful
- the radical acts reductively on the composite tungsten oxide fine particles, and the coloring concentration becomes higher as the pentavalent tungsten is newly increased.
- the inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies aimed at solving the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, in the infrared shielding material fine particle dispersion, change in color tone and transmittance due to receiving ultraviolet light for a long time Not only measures against ultraviolet energy, but also the heat generated by infrared shielding material particles when receiving sunlight, the effect of moisture in the air, and oxygen on the infrared shielding material particles, in order to suppress the decrease in
- composite tungsten oxide fine particles (which may include the symbol “(A)” for convenience in the present invention) are contained as infrared shielding material fine particles, and a polycarbonate resin (herein, as a thermoplastic resin)
- a weather resistance improver (a convenience in the present specification) may be applied to a resin composition using "(C)” or a heat ray shielding molded product using the resin composition. Therefore, the present inventors have found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by adding a predetermined amount of “(B)”.
- the weather resistance improver (B) one containing a phosphite compound (for convenience in the present specification, the code “(B1)” may be added additionally), phosphorous acid A compound containing an ester compound and one or more selected from a hindered phenol type stabilizer, a phosphoric acid type stabilizer and a sulfur type stabilizer (For convenience in the present description, the symbol “(B2)” is appended. May contain a hindered phenol-based stabilizer, and at least one selected from a phosphoric acid-based stabilizer and a sulfur-based stabilizer (for the sake of convenience in the present specification, the symbol “(B3)” We found that one of the following is preferable.
- a polycarbonate resin composition comprising composite tungsten oxide fine particles (A), a weatherability improver (B), and a polycarbonate resin (C),
- the composite tungsten oxide fine particles (A) have a general formula MxWOy (where M is selected from Cs, Rb, K, Tl, In, Ba, Li, Ca, Sr, Fe, Sn, Al, Cu, Na) W is tungsten, O is a composite tungsten oxide fine particle represented by oxygen, 0.1 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5, 2.2 ⁇ y ⁇ 3.0),
- the weatherability improver (B) contains a phosphite compound (B1), Or a phosphite compound and one or more selected from a hindered phenol type stabilizer, a phosphoric acid type stabilizer and a sulfur type stabilizer (B2), Or one containing one or more selected from hindered phenol-based stabilizers and phosphoric acid-based stabilizers
- the second invention is The dispersed particle diameter of the composite tungsten oxide fine particles (A) is 1 nm or more and 200 nm or less. It is a polycarbonate resin composition characterized by the above-mentioned.
- the third invention is It is a polycarbonate resin composition characterized in that the structure of the phosphite compound is represented by the general formula (3).
- R 1 , R 2 , R 4 and R 5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, carbon 5 represents an alkyl cycloalkyl group of the formula 5 to 12, an aralkyl group having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, or a phenyl group.
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms
- X represents a simple bond, a sulfur atom or a divalent residue represented by formula (3-1)
- R 6 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms
- A represents an alkylene group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms or a divalent residue represented by the formula (3-2), (Wherein, in the formula (3-2), R 7 represents a simple bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and * represents that it is bonded to the oxygen atom side).
- the fourth invention is M element of the general formula MxWOy which shows the said composite tungsten oxide microparticles
- fine-particles (A) is 1 or more types selected from Cs and Rb, It is a polycarbonate resin composition characterized by the above-mentioned.
- the fifth invention is The composite tungsten oxide fine particles (A) are hexagonal crystals.
- the sixth invention is Molding of a melt-kneaded product of the polycarbonate resin composition according to any of the first to fifth inventions, and a different thermoplastic resin compatible with the polycarbonate resin (C) or the polycarbonate resin (C) It is a heat ray shielding molded body characterized by being a body.
- the seventh invention is According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a heat ray shielding laminate, wherein the heat ray shielding molded body according to the sixth invention is laminated on another transparent molded body.
- the weatherability deterioration of the composite tungsten oxide fine particles caused by the influence of heat generated when receiving sunlight, moisture in the air, and oxygen is suppressed,
- the polycarbonate resin composition and the heat ray shielding molded article and the heat ray shielding laminate manufactured using the same exhibit excellent weatherability.
- the polycarbonate resin composition according to the present invention is a polycarbonate resin composition containing the composite tungsten oxide fine particles (A), the polycarbonate resin (C) and the weather resistance improver (B). More specifically, the composite tungsten oxide fine particles have a general formula MxWOy (where M is selected from Cs, Rb, K, Tl, In, Ba, Li, Ca, Sr, Fe, Sn, Al, Cu, Na) W is tungsten, and O is a composite tungsten oxide fine particle represented by oxygen, 0.1 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5, 2.2 ⁇ y ⁇ 3.0.
- the weather resistance improver is selected from those containing a phosphite compound (B1) or a phosphite compound and a hindered phenol stabilizer, a phosphate stabilizer and a sulfur stabilizer 1 Either one containing more than one kind (B2) or one containing one or more kinds selected from hindered phenol stabilizers and phosphoric acid stabilizers and sulfur stabilizers (B3), It is characterized in that the addition amount of the weather resistance improver (B) is 0.1 to 20 parts by weight with respect to 1 part by weight of the composite tungsten oxide fine particles (A).
- the polycarbonate resin composition according to the present invention and a heat ray shielding molded article and a heat ray shielding laminate using the same, (1) composite tungsten oxide fine particles (A), (2) weatherability improver (B), ( 3) The polycarbonate resin (C), (4) heat ray shielding molded body, and (5) heat ray shielding laminated body will be described in detail in order.
- Composite tungsten oxide fine particles (A) (a) Composition, Crystal Structure of Composite Tungsten Oxide Fine Particle According to the Present Invention
- the composite tungsten oxide fine particle (A) according to the present invention is a component that exhibits a heat ray shielding effect, and has a general formula MxWOy (where M element is , Cs, Rb, K, Tl, In, Ba, Li, Ca, Sr, Fe, Sn, Al, Cu, Na, W is tungsten, O is oxygen, 0.1 ⁇ Composite tungsten oxide fine particles represented by x ⁇ 0.5, 2.2 ⁇ y ⁇ 3.0.
- W is tungsten and O is oxygen.
- the M element in the above formula is one or more elements selected from Cs, Rb, K, Tl, In, Ba, Li, Ca, Sr, Fe, Sn, Al, Cu, Na preferable.
- the composite tungsten oxide is represented by the general formula MxWOy as described above, and has a composition in which the element M is added to tungsten oxide (WOy).
- tungsten oxide which is a material based on complex tungsten oxide also has infrared absorption characteristics. And, in the case of tungsten oxide, tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ) has little absorption and reflection characteristics in the near infrared region since effective free electrons do not exist.
- y which is the ratio of oxygen to tungsten of tungsten oxide (WOy)
- WOy the ratio of oxygen to tungsten of tungsten oxide
- the crystal phase of WO 2 may cause absorption and scattering of light in the visible region, and may reduce the absorption of light in the near infrared region.
- a so-called "Magnellie phase” having a composition ratio represented by 2.45 y y ⁇ 3.0 is chemically stable, and also has absorption characteristics of light in the near infrared region. Since it is good, it can be used more preferably as infrared absorptive particles.
- the composite is obtained by adding M element to the tungsten oxide. Free electrons are generated in tungsten oxide, and stronger absorption characteristics derived from free electrons appear in the near infrared region. For this reason, it exhibits particularly high characteristics as an infrared absorbing material that absorbs near infrared light.
- a more efficient infrared absorbing material can be obtained by using the control of the amount of oxygen described in the above characteristics of tungsten oxide in combination with the addition of the M element that generates free electrons. It can be done.
- MxWOy representing a composite tungsten oxide
- the value of x indicating the addition amount of the M element in the chemical formula of the composite tungsten oxide will be described.
- the value of x is 0.1 or more, a sufficient amount of free electrons are generated, and a desired infrared absorption effect can be obtained, which is preferable.
- the amount of free electrons supplied increases as the amount of M element added increases, and the infrared absorption efficiency also increases, but the effect is saturated when the value of x is about 0.5.
- the value of x is 0.5 or less, since it can avoid that an impurity phase is generated in the said infrared rays absorptive material, it is preferable.
- the value of y indicating the control of the oxygen amount will be described.
- the infrared absorbing material represented by the general formula MxWOy also has the same mechanism as the above tungsten oxide (WO y ), in addition to the function of the above-mentioned tungsten oxide (WO y ), Since there is supply of free electrons by the addition amount, 2.2 ⁇ y ⁇ 3.0 is preferable. In particular, as described above for tungsten oxide, 2.45 ⁇ y ⁇ 3.0 is more preferable because it is more chemically stable.
- the crystal structure of the composite tungsten oxide contained in the composite tungsten oxide fine particles is not particularly limited, and the composite tungsten oxide having an arbitrary crystal structure can be contained. However, when the composite tungsten oxide contained in the composite tungsten oxide fine particles has a hexagonal crystal structure, the transmittance of light in the visible region of the particles and the absorption of light in the near infrared region are particularly improved, which is preferable. .
- FIG. 1 A schematic plan view of the crystal structure of the hexagonal composite tungsten oxide is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 1 six octahedrons formed by the WO 6 unit indicated by reference numeral 11 are assembled to form a hexagonal gap (tunnel). Then, an M element denoted by reference numeral 12 is disposed in the air gap to constitute one unit, and a large number of such units are assembled to constitute a hexagonal crystal structure.
- the composite tungsten oxide fine particles having a hexagonal crystal structure when the composite tungsten oxide fine particles having a hexagonal crystal structure are contained, the transmittance of light in the visible region and the absorption of light in the near infrared region can be particularly improved.
- the composite tungsten oxide fine particles do not have to be entirely composed of crystalline composite tungsten oxide particles having the structure shown in FIG. 1 and, for example, transmission of light in the visible region even when locally having the above structure The effect of improving the rate and the absorption of light in the near infrared region can be obtained.
- the M element having a large ion radius is added as the M element of the composite tungsten oxide, the above-described hexagonal crystal is easily formed.
- the M element preferably contains one or more of Cs, Rb, K, and Tl, and the M element is more preferably one or more of Cs, Rb, and K.
- the M element is present in the hexagonal gap formed of the WO 6 unit even with elements other than these, and it is limited when the above element is added as the M element It is not a translation.
- the value of x indicating the addition amount of the M element satisfies 0.20 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.50.
- 0.25 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.40 is satisfied.
- y as described above, it is preferable to set 2.2 ⁇ y ⁇ 3.0.
- M element is arrange
- Typical examples include Cs 0.33 WO 3 , Rb 0.33 WO 3 , K 0.33 WO 3 , Tl 0.33 WO 3 and the like, but x and y fall within the above range. As such, useful near infrared absorption characteristics can be obtained.
- the composite tungsten oxide contained in the composite tungsten oxide fine particles may have a tetragonal or cubic tungsten bronze structure in addition to the above-mentioned hexagonal crystal, and the composite tungsten oxide of the above-mentioned crystal structure also has infrared ray absorbability It is effective as a material. That is, it can be suitably used as a material contained in the composite tungsten oxide particles added to the heat ray shielding film.
- the composite tungsten oxide tends to change its absorption position in the near infrared region depending on its crystal structure.
- the absorption position in the near infrared region tends to move to a longer wavelength side in the case of tetragonal crystals than in cubic crystals and further to move to a longer wavelength side in the case of hexagonal crystals than in tetragonal systems .
- absorption of light in the visible region is the least hexagonal and secondly tetragonal, and among these, cubic crystals have the largest absorption of light in the visible region. Therefore, it is preferable to use hexagonal tungsten bronze when high transmittance of light in the visible region and high absorptivity of light in the near infrared region are particularly required.
- the tendency of the optical characteristics described here is a rough tendency to the last, and also changes depending on the type of the added M element, the addition amount, and the oxygen amount. Therefore, the material of the infrared absorbing particles used for the heat ray shielding film according to the present invention is not limited to the hexagonal crystal material. Therefore, the complex tungsten oxide of other crystal structure mentioned above may be included simultaneously. Further, in order to improve the light transmission characteristics in the visible light region and obtain the effect of improving the light absorption characteristics in the near infrared region, the unit structure (WO 6 described in FIG.
- the composite tungsten oxide fine particle may be a crystal, as long as six octahedral members formed by units are gathered to form a hexagonal void, and the void has a structure in which the M element is disposed. It may be of quality or amorphous.
- the particles of hexagonal composite tungsten oxide can enhance the transmittance of visible light and the absorption of near infrared light.
- the composite tungsten oxide of the composite tungsten oxide fine particles contained in the polycarbonate resin composition according to the present invention and the heat ray shielding molded product and the heat ray shielding laminate using the same preferably has a hexagonal crystal system. .
- the crystal structure of the composite tungsten oxide tends to be hexagonal as described above. Furthermore, since the transmittance of light in the visible region is high and the transmittance of light in the infrared region, in particular, the near infrared region is low, the transmittance of light in the visible region and the transmittance of light in the infrared region Contrast is increased. Therefore, it is more preferable that the M element of the general formula MxWOy representing a composite tungsten oxide is Cs and / or Rb. In particular, when the M element contains Cs, it is particularly preferable that the M element contains Cs because the weatherability of the composite tungsten oxide becomes higher.
- the dispersed particle diameter of the composite tungsten oxide fine particles used in the present invention is preferably 200 nm or less. Is preferably 100 nm or less. The reason is that scattering of light in the visible light region with a wavelength of 400 nm to 780 nm due to geometric scattering or Mie scattering is reduced if the dispersed particle size of the dispersed particles is small. As a result of the reduction of the light scattering, it is possible to avoid that the heat ray shielding film becomes like frosted glass and clear transparency can not be obtained.
- the dispersed particle diameter of the dispersed particles is 200 nm or less
- the above-mentioned geometric scattering or Mie scattering is reduced to be a Rayleigh scattering region.
- the scattered light is reduced in inverse proportion to the sixth power of the particle diameter, so the scattering is reduced as the dispersed particle diameter is reduced, and the transparency is improved.
- the dispersed particle size is 100 nm or less
- the scattered light is extremely reduced, which is preferable. From the viewpoint of avoiding light scattering, it is preferable that the dispersed particle size be smaller, and industrial production is easy if the dispersed particle size is 1 nm or more.
- the dispersed particle diameter of the fine particles means the diameter of the aggregated particles formed by the aggregation of the fine particles dispersed in the medium, and it is measured by various commercially available particle size distribution analyzers. can do.
- a sample in a state in which single particles or aggregates of fine particles exist can be collected from the fine particle dispersion, and the sample can be measured and determined using a particle size distribution analyzer based on the dynamic light scattering method.
- the composite tungsten oxide fine particles according to the present invention have infrared absorption characteristics.
- the polycarbonate resin composition according to the present invention, and the heat ray shielding molded article and the heat ray shielding laminate using the same contain light in the infrared region, particularly in the near infrared region, by containing the composite tungsten oxide fine particles. Can be suppressed, and the heat ray shielding ability can be exhibited.
- the absorption coefficient of light in the visible region of the composite tungsten oxide fine particles according to the present invention is very small compared to the absorption coefficient in the near infrared region, transmission of light in the near infrared region is sufficiently suppressed. Sometimes even high transparency to light in the visible range can be maintained.
- the weatherability improver (B) used for the polycarbonate resin composition according to the present invention is Containing a phosphite compound (B1), Those containing a phosphite compound and one or more selected from hindered phenol stabilizers, phosphoric acid stabilizers and sulfur stabilizers (B2), It has one of three configurations (sometimes referred to as addition form): one containing a hindered phenol type stabilizer and at least one selected from a phosphoric acid type stabilizer and a sulfur type stabilizer (B3) Is preferred.
- the amount of the weather resistance improver (B) added is preferably 0.1 parts by weight or more and 20 parts by weight or less with respect to 1 part by weight of the composite tungsten oxide fine particles (A).
- the addition amount of the weather resistance improver (B) is 0.1 parts by weight or more with respect to 1 part by weight of the composite tungsten oxide fine particles (A)
- a desired weather resistance improvement effect can be obtained, which is preferable.
- the addition amount is 20 parts by weight or less, a decrease in mechanical strength of the molded body is not a concern, which is preferable.
- the weather resistance improver (B) as the composition of the polycarbonate resin composition described above, not only ultraviolet energy but also heat generated when receiving sunlight, moisture in the air, The weathering deterioration of the polycarbonate resin composition containing the composite tungsten oxide fine particles caused by the influence of oxygen is suppressed. As a result, it is possible to obtain a polycarbonate resin composition excellent in weather resistance, a heat ray shielding molded article excellent in weather resistance manufactured using the polycarbonate resin composition, and a heat ray shielding laminate.
- the polycarbonate resin composition according to the present invention can not only suppress the influence of ultraviolet energy, which has been conventionally studied, but also heat generated when receiving sunlight, moisture in the air, A heat ray-shielding molded article having an excellent weather resistance, which can enhance the effect of suppressing the deterioration of the weatherability of a polycarbonate resin composition containing composite tungsten oxide fine particles caused by the influence of oxygen, and is produced using the same A heat ray shielding laminate can be obtained.
- the phosphite compound represented by the general formula (3) be used for the purpose of improving the properties of polycarbonate resins.
- bis (2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite is used in order to suppress deterioration of color and physical properties due to thermal decomposition during processing and polymerization of polycarbonate resin.
- Patent Documents 11 and 12 propose a method of incorporating a phosphorus-based stabilizer such as 2,2′-methylenebis (4,6-di-t-butylphenyl) 2-ethylhexyl phosphite into polycarbonate.
- Patent Document 13 proposes.
- the purpose of using the phosphite compounds and the phosphorus-based stabilizers described in Patent Documents 11 to 13 is to heat a large amount of heat in a relatively short time, such as during polymerization, kneading and molding of a polycarbonate resin. And stability of the polycarbonate resin, particularly optical stability, in a process where mechanical force is applied.
- the polycarbonate resin composition containing the composite tungsten oxide fine particles is influenced by the sunlight or the humidity in the air for a long time, and the optical properties of the composite tungsten oxide fine particles contained Is to improve the weather resistance by suppressing the deterioration of the
- Patent Documents 11 to 13 having different purposes from the present invention the use of a phosphite compound or a phosphorus-based stabilizer, and the effect thereof, for improving the weather resistance of the composite tungsten oxide fine particles are described. There was no description or suggestion.
- the inventors of the present invention for the first time, for the first time, have the effect that the phosphite compound represented by the above general formula (3) improves the weather resistance of a polycarbonate resin composition containing composite tungsten oxide fine particles. It is a finding.
- each of a) a phosphite compound, b) a hindered phenol stabilizer, c) a phosphate stabilizer, and d) a sulfur stabilizer which are used in the weather resistance improver (B)
- B weather resistance improver
- phosphite Ester Compound (additional form B1 or B2) used in the polycarbonate resin composition according to the present invention is a compound represented by the general formula (3).
- R 1 , R 2 , R 4 and R 5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, 5 carbon atoms And an alkyl cycloalkyl group of -12, an aralkyl group having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, or a phenyl group is shown.
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- X represents a mere bond, a sulfur atom or a divalent residue represented by the formula (3-1).
- R 6 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms.
- A represents an alkylene group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms or a divalent residue represented by the formula (3-2).
- R 7 represents a mere bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and * represents that it is bonded to the oxygen atom side.
- Y and Z each represents a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or an aralkyloxy group having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, and the other one is a hydrogen atom or carbon It shows the alkyl group of the numbers 1 to 8.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 4 and R 5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or a cyclopentadiene having 5 to 12 carbon atoms. And an alkyl group, an alkyl cycloalkyl group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, an aralkyl group having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, or a phenyl group.
- alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms examples include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, i-propyl group, n-butyl group, i-butyl group, sec-butyl group, t-butyl group and t group. And-pentyl group, i-octyl group, t-octyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group and the like.
- Examples of the cycloalkyl group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms include cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cycloheptyl group, cyclooctyl group, 1-methylcyclopentyl group, 1-methylcyclohexyl group, 1-methyl-4-i-propylcyclohexyl Groups and the like.
- Examples of the alkyl cycloalkyl group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms include methylcyclopentyl group, dimethylcyclopentyl group (including all structural isomers), methylethylcyclopentyl group (including all structural isomers), and diethylcyclopentyl group.
- Examples of the aralkyl group having 7 to 12 carbon atoms include benzyl group, ⁇ -methylbenzyl group, ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylbenzyl group and the like.
- Examples of the phenyl group having 7 to 12 carbon atoms include phenyl group, naphthyl group, 2-methylphenyl group, 4-methylphenyl group, 2,4-dimethylphenyl group and 2,6-dimethylphenyl group. .
- R 1 , R 2 and R 4 are preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, or the like. Further, R 1 and R 4 are more preferably a t-butyl group, a t-alkyl group such as a t-pentyl group or a t-octyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a 1-methylcyclohexyl group or the like.
- R 2 is an alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 5 such as methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, i-propyl group, n-butyl group, i-butyl group, sec-butyl group and t-pentyl group And more preferably a methyl group, a t-butyl group or a t-pentyl group.
- R 5 represents a hydrogen atom, a carbon such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl or t-pentyl It is preferable that it is a number 1-5 alkyl group.
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and as the alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, the same carbon number as described above for R 1 , R 2 , R 4 and R 5 1 to 8 alkyl groups can be mentioned.
- R 3 is preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms as described above for R 2 , more preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or the like.
- X represents a mere bond, a sulfur atom or a divalent residue represented by the formula (3-1). (Wherein, R 6 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms).
- R 6 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, in which Examples of the alkyl group of to 8 and the cycloalkyl group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms include (i) the same alkyl groups and cycloalkyl groups as those described above for R 1 , R 2 , R 4 and R 5 . .
- R 6 is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms such as hydrogen atom, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, i-propyl group, n-butyl group and i-butyl group.
- X is preferably a simple bond, a methylene group or a methylene group substituted by methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, t-butyl etc. More preferable.
- a A represents an alkylene group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms or a divalent residue represented by the formula (3-2).
- the alkylene group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms include, for example, ethylene group, propylene group, butylene group, pentamethylene group, hexamethylene group, octamethylene group, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propylene group, etc. Are more preferable, and a propylene group is more preferable.
- the divalent residue represented by the formula (3-2) is bonded to an oxygen atom and a benzene nucleus, but * indicates that it is bonded to an oxygen atom. (Wherein, R 7 represents a simple bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and * represents that it is bonded to the oxygen atom side).
- R 7 represents a simple bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and examples of the alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms include methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentamethylene, hexa Methylene group, octamethylene group, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propylene group and the like can be mentioned.
- R 7 is preferably a simple bond, an ethylene group or the like.
- (V) Y, Z Y and Z each represents a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or an aralkyloxy group having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, and the other one is a hydrogen atom or carbon It shows the alkyl group of the numbers 1 to 8.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms the same alkyl groups as those described in (i) R 1 , R 2 , R 4 and R 5 are preferably mentioned.
- alkoxyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms for example, methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, i-propoxy group, n-butoxy group, i-butoxy group, sec-butoxy group, t-butoxy group, t -Pentoxy group, i-octoxy group, t-octoxy group, 2-ethylhexoxy group and the like are preferably mentioned.
- Preferred examples of the aralkyloxy group having 7 to 12 carbon atoms include a benzyloxy group, an ⁇ -methylbenzyloxy group, and an ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylbenzyloxy group.
- Y is a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an aralkyloxy group having 7 to 12 carbon atoms
- Z is a hydrogen atom or 1 carbon atom It may be an alkyl group of -8, and Z is a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an aralkyloxy group having 7 to 12 carbon atoms
- Y is hydrogen It may be an atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- R 1 and R 4 are a t-alkyl group, cyclohexyl or 1-methylcyclohexyl group, and R 2 has 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R 5 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- R 3 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- X is a simple bond
- A is a carbon atom.
- Particularly preferred is an alkylene group of 2 to 8.
- examples of the phosphite ester compound include 2,4,8,10-tetra-t-butyl-6- [3- (3-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-t-butylphenyl).
- Propoxy] Dibenzo [d, f] [1,3,2] dioxaphosphepin [Sumilyzer (registered trademark) GP] (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) is commercially available.
- a commercial item can also be used as said phosphite ester compound (addition form B1 or B2).
- the trade name SMILIZER (registered trademark) GP manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the like described above are preferably mentioned.
- Hindered phenolic stabilizer In the polycarbonate resin composition containing the composite tungsten oxide fine particles, the polycarbonate resin, and the weather resistance improver according to the present invention, the phosphite described above as the weather resistance improver Those containing a compound and a hindered phenol type stabilizer (adding form B2) or those containing a hindered phenol type stabilizer and one or more selected from a phosphoric acid type stabilizer and a sulfur type stabilizer (addition A configuration using form B3) is also preferred.
- the weather resistance deterioration of the polycarbonate resin composition including the composite tungsten oxide fine particles which is caused by the influence of heat, moisture in the air, and oxygen generated upon receiving the above-described sunlight is suppressed.
- Hindered phenolic stabilizers have been proposed as antioxidants in order to improve the melt stability of the resin after completion of the polymerization reaction of the polycarbonate resin (see Patent Document 14), and in the production of the polycarbonate resin, the color is prevented
- Patent Document 15 proposes the addition as a hindered phenolic antioxidant for the purpose of
- the purpose and the effect of the hindered phenol-based stabilizer to enhance the effect of suppressing the weatherability deterioration of the polycarbonate resin composition containing the composite tungsten oxide fine particles are also described and suggested in Patent Document 15 It was nothing.
- the weatherability improver (B) used in the present invention one containing the above phosphite ester compound and a hindered phenol type stabilizer (addition form B2), or a hindered phenol type stabilizer, and a phosphoric acid type
- examples of hindered phenol stabilizers include tert- in the o-position of the phenolic OH group.
- the compound is preferably a compound in which a bulky group such as a butyl group is introduced.
- low molecular type hindered phenol type stabilizers 2,6-tert-butyl-p-cresol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-phenol, 2,4-di-methyl -6-tert-Butyl-phenol, butylhydroxyanisole, 2,2'-methylenebis (4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-butylidenebis (3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 4 4,4'-thiobis (3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), tetrakis [methylene-3 (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] methane, 1,1,3-tris ( 2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylphenyl) butane and the like.
- the high molecular type hindered phenol-based stabilizer polymers of monomers such as vinyl, acrylic, methacrylic and styryl having the above-mentioned hindered phenol-based color inhibitors in the side chain, and the above-mentioned hindered The polymer etc. in which the structure of the phenol type color protection agent was integrated in the principal chain are mentioned.
- the above-mentioned high molecular type hindered phenol stabilizer may be preferable to the above-mentioned low molecular type hindered phenol stabilizer.
- the hindered phenol-based stabilizer is considered to have mainly a chain inhibiting function (ie, a function of a phenolic OH group in the stabilizer capturing a radical and suppressing a chain reaction by the radical).
- a chain inhibiting function ie, a function of a phenolic OH group in the stabilizer capturing a radical and suppressing a chain reaction by the radical.
- the weatherability improver (B) one containing the above phosphite ester compound and a hindered phenol stabilizer (addition form B2), or a hindered phenol stabilizer And the one or more selected from phosphoric acid based stabilizers and sulfur based stabilizers (adding form B3), thereby making it possible not only to the ultraviolet energy which has been conventionally examined but also to sunlight.
- the weather resistance improver (B) Phosphoric acid-based stabilizer
- the weather resistance improver (B) those containing the above-mentioned phosphite compound and phosphoric acid type stabilizer (adding form B2), or those containing the above-mentioned hindered phenol type stabilizer and phosphoric acid type stabilizer (adding form B3) Is also preferred.
- the phosphite ester compound represented by the general formula (3) and the above-described hindered phenol-based stabilizer are achieved in the polycarbonate resin composition including the composite tungsten oxide fine particles. Similarly, it is possible to obtain the effect of enhancing the effect of suppressing the weathering deterioration.
- phosphorus type color protection agent As an example of the said phosphoric acid type stabilizer, phosphorus type color protection agent is mentioned. Furthermore, the compound provided with the phosphorus functional group is mentioned.
- the phosphorus functional group includes a functional group containing trivalent phosphorus and a functional group containing pentavalent phosphorus, but any “phosphorus functional group” in the present embodiment may be used. good.
- a phosphorus-based color protection agent provided with a phosphorus-based functional group containing trivalent phosphorus in the following formula (1) and a phosphorus-based color protection agent provided with a phosphorus-based functional group containing pentavalent phosphorus in the formula (2) Show the formula.
- x, y, z take values of 0 or 1.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 each represent a linear, cyclic or branched hydrocarbon group represented by the general formula CmHn, or a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine, or a hydrogen atom is there.
- R 2 or R 3 may be a metal atom.
- the “phosphorus functional group” refers to the portion excluding R 1 in the formulas (1) and (2) (ie, the general formula —Ox—P (OyR 2 ) (OzR 3 ), or the general formula -Ox-P (O) (OyR ⁇ 2 >) (OzR ⁇ 3 >).
- phosphorus functional group examples include phosphonic acid group (-P (O) (OH) 2 ), phosphoric acid group (-O-P (O) (OH) 2 ), phosphonic acid ester group (-P) (O) (OR 2 ) (OR 3 )), phosphate ester group (-O-P (O) (OR 2 ) (OR 3 )), phosphine group (-P (R 2 ) (R 3 )), etc.
- phosphonic acid group -P (O) (OH) 2
- phosphoric acid group -O-P (O) (OH) 2
- phosphate ester group -O-P (O) (OR 2 ) (OR 3 )
- phosphine group -P (R 2 ) (R 3 )
- phosphorus functional groups containing pentavalent phosphorus, such as phosphonic acid group, phosphoric acid group, phosphonic acid ester group and phosphoric acid ester group, mainly have a chain initiation inhibiting function (that is, adjacent phosphorus It is considered that the system functional group has a function of capturing metal ions in a chelating manner.
- a phosphorus-based functional group containing trivalent phosphorus such as a phosphine group mainly functions to decompose peroxides (that is, functions to decompose peroxides into stable compounds by oxidizing P atoms by themselves). It is considered to have.
- the phosphonic acid type color protection agent provided with a phosphonic acid group can capture metal ions efficiently and is excellent also in stability such as hydrolysis resistance, etc., as a color protection agent Is considered particularly suitable.
- a weather resistance improver (B) as a phosphoric acid based stabilizer to be used in addition to the phosphite ester compound described above, as a phosphoric acid based stabilizer to be used in combination with the above hindered phenol based stabilizer And low molecular weight phosphorus-based color protection agents.
- phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4
- triphenyl phosphite (C 6 H 5 O) 3 P)
- trioctadecyl phosphite (C 18 H 27 O) 3 P)
- tridecyl phosphite (C 10 H 21 O) 3 P)
- trilauryl trithiophosphite [CH 3 (CH 2 ) 11 S] 3 P), and the like.
- a polymeric phosphorus-based coloring inhibitor is used as a phosphoric acid based stabilizer used in combination with the above-mentioned phosphite ester compound and a phosphoric acid based stabilizer used in combination in addition to the above mentioned hindered phenol based stabilizer. It can be mentioned.
- the phosphoric acid based stabilizer is added to the phosphite ester compound and used in combination (adding form B2), and the phosphoric acid based stabilizer can be added to the hindered phenol based stabilizer.
- additional form B3 in addition to the combined use (addition form B3), in addition to the ultraviolet energy which has been studied conventionally, it is also affected by the heat generated when receiving sunlight, the moisture in the air, and oxygen. The effect which suppresses the weather-resistant deterioration of the polycarbonate resin composition containing the composite tungsten oxide microparticles
- the effects and processes of the weathering improver are still unexplained and have not been described in detail.
- the weatherability improver those containing the above-mentioned phosphite compound and sulfur stabilizer (adding form B2), or those containing the above-mentioned hindered phenol stabilizer and sulfur stabilizer (adding form B3) Is also preferred.
- the phosphite ester compound represented by the general formula (3) or the above-described hindered phenol-based stabilizer achieved in the polycarbonate resin composition containing the composite tungsten oxide fine particles also by adopting the configuration. Similarly to the above, the effect of enhancing the effect of suppressing the deterioration of the weather resistance can be obtained.
- sulfur-based stabilizers include compounds having divalent sulfur in the molecule.
- the said sulfur type stabilizer is considered to have mainly a peroxide decomposition function (namely, the function to decompose
- Preferred examples of low molecular weight sulfur stabilizers include dilauryl thiodipropionate (S (CH 2 CH 2 COOC 12 H 25 ) 2 ) and distearylthiodipropionate (S (CH 2 CH 2 COOC).
- the hindered phenol-based stabilizer and the sulfur-based stabilizer are also used according to those containing the phosphite ester compound and the sulfur-based stabilizer (addition form B2) as the weather resistance improver (B).
- the composite tungsten which is produced under the influence of heat generated when receiving sunlight, moisture in the air, oxygen, and the like, depending on the type (Form of Addition B3)
- the effect of suppressing the weatherability deterioration of the polycarbonate resin composition containing the oxide fine particles can be enhanced.
- the effects and processes of the weathering improver are still unexplained and have not been described in detail.
- the polycarbonate resin (C) used in the polycarbonate resin composition according to the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a polycarbonate resin used in this field, and is produced by reacting dihydric phenol with a carbonate precursor It is.
- a production reaction an interfacial polymerization method, a melt transesterification method, a solid phase transesterification method of a carbonate prepolymer, and a ring opening polymerization method of a cyclic carbonate compound can be mentioned.
- dihydric phenol used in the production of the polycarbonate resin (C) include hydroquinone, resorcinol, 4,4'-biphenol, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane, 2,2 -Bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (generally called bisphenol A), 2,2-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl) propane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) butane, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -1-phenylethane, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 2,2- Bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) pentane, 4,4 '-(p-phenylenediisopropylidene) diphenol, 4,4 '-(m-phenylenediisopropylidene) diphenol, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -4-isoprop
- Carbonyl halides, carbonic acid diesters or haloformates are used as carbonate precursors.
- phosgene, diphenyl carbonate or dihaloformate of dihydric phenol may, for example, be mentioned.
- the method for producing the polycarbonate resin (C) will be briefly described by taking (a) the interfacial polymerization method and (b) the melt transesterification method as an example, and the properties of the obtained (c) polycarbonate resin will be described.
- (A) Interfacial polymerization method In producing the polycarbonate resin (C) by polymerizing the dihydric phenol and the carbonate precursor according to the interfacial polymerization method, a catalyst, an end terminator, a dihydric phenol, as necessary An antioxidant or the like may be used to prevent the oxidation of.
- the polycarbonate resin (C) used in the polycarbonate resin composition according to the present invention is a branched polycarbonate resin obtained by copolymerizing a polyfunctional aromatic compound having three or more functional groups, aromatic or aliphatic (including alicyclic)
- Polyester carbonate resin obtained by copolymerizing a difunctional carboxylic acid of the present invention, a copolymerized polycarbonate resin obtained by copolymerizing a difunctional alcohol (including a cycloalkyl), and a copolymer obtained by copolymerizing the difunctional carboxylic acid and the difunctional alcohol together Contains polyester carbonate resin.
- the mixture which mixed 2 or more types of manufactured polycarbonate resin may be sufficient.
- polyfunctional aromatic compounds having three or more functional groups examples include phloroglucin, phloroglucide, or 4,6-dimethyl-2,4,6-tris (4-hydroxydiphenyl) heptene-2,2,4,6-trimethyl -2,4,6-tris (4-hydroxyphenyl) heptane, 1,3,5-tris (4-hydroxyphenyl) benzene, 1,1,1-tris (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane, 1,1,1,3 1-tris (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane, 2,6-bis (2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl) -4-methylphenol, 4- ⁇ 4- [1,1-bis ( 4-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl] benzene ⁇ - ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylbenzylphenol etc.
- 1,1,1-tris (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane and 1,1,1-tris (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane are preferred, and in particular 1,1,1-tris (4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane ) Ethane is preferably used.
- the amount of the polyfunctional compound that produces a branched polycarbonate is 0.001 to 1 mol%, preferably 0.005 to 0.9 mol%, particularly preferably 0.01 to 0 mol% of the total amount of the aromatic polycarbonate. .8 mol%.
- a branched structure may occur as a side reaction, but the amount of the branched structure is also 0.001 to 1 mol%, preferably 0.005 to 0. It is 9 mol%, particularly preferably 0.01 to 0.8 mol%.
- the ratio can be calculated by measurement by proton NMR.
- the aliphatic difunctional carboxylic acid is preferably ⁇ , ⁇ -dicarboxylic acid.
- Aliphatic difunctional carboxylic acids such as sebacic acid (decanedioic acid), dodecanedioic acid, tetradecanedioic acid, octadecanedioic acid, linear saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as icosanedioic acid, and cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid Aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as are preferably mentioned.
- An alicyclic diol is more preferable as the difunctional alcohol, and examples thereof include cyclohexane dimethanol, cyclohexane diol, and tricyclodecane dimethanol. It is also possible to use polycarbonate-polyorganosiloxane copolymers in which the polyorganosiloxane units are copolymerized.
- the reaction by the interfacial polymerization method is usually a reaction between dihydric phenol and phosgene, and is reacted in the presence of an acid binder and an organic solvent.
- an acid binder for example, alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, pyridine and the like can be used.
- organic solvent for example, halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride and chlorobenzene can be used.
- a catalyst such as tertiary amine or quaternary ammonium salt can be used to accelerate the reaction, and as a molecular weight modifier, for example, phenol, p-tert-butylphenol, p-cumylphenol etc.
- a molecular weight modifier for example, phenol, p-tert-butylphenol, p-cumylphenol etc.
- monofunctional phenols decylphenol, dodecylphenol, tetradecylphenol, hexadecylphenol, octadecylphenol, eicosylphenol, docosylphenol, triacontyl phenol and the like can be mentioned.
- Monofunctional phenols having these relatively long-chain alkyl groups are effective when it is required to improve the flowability and hydrolysis resistance.
- the reaction temperature is usually 0-40 ° C.
- the reaction time is preferably a few minutes to 5 hours
- the pH during the reaction is preferably maintained at 10 or more.
- the reaction by the melt transesterification method is usually a transesterification reaction between a dihydric phenol and a carbonate ester, and the dihydric phenol and the carbonate ester are mixed while heating in the presence of an inert gas. It is carried out by a method of distilling the alcohol or phenol to be produced.
- the reaction temperature varies depending on the boiling point of the alcohol or phenol to be produced, etc., but is usually in the range of 120 to 350 ° C.
- the pressure of the system is reduced to about 10 to 0.1 Torr to facilitate distillation of the formed alcohol or phenol.
- the reaction time is usually about 1 to 4 hours.
- Examples of the carbonate ester include esters such as optionally substituted aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, aralkyl group or alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Specific examples include diphenyl carbonate, ditolyl carbonate, bis (chlorophenyl) carbonate, m-cresyl carbonate, dinaphthyl carbonate, bis (diphenyl) carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate and the like, among which diphenyl carbonate Is preferred.
- a polymerization catalyst can be used to accelerate the polymerization rate, and examples of such a polymerization catalyst include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, alkali metal compounds such as sodium salt of dihydric phenol, potassium salt, calcium hydroxide, Alkaline earth metal compounds such as barium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, nitrogen-containing basic compounds such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, trimethylamine and triethylamine, alkoxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, alkali metals And alkaline earth metal organic acid salts, zinc compounds, boron compounds, aluminum compounds, silicon compounds, germanium compounds, organic tin compounds, lead compounds, osmium compounds, antimony compounds manganese compounds,
- the Emission compounds usually the esterification reaction, such as zirconium compounds, there can be used a catalyst used in the transesterification reaction.
- the catalysts may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of these polymerization catalysts used is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 -8 to 1 ⁇ 10 -3 equivalents, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 -7 to 5 ⁇ 10 -4 equivalents based on 1 mol of the raw material dihydric phenol. It is chosen in the range.
- 2-chlorophenyl phenyl carbonate, 2-methoxycarbonyl phenyl phenyl carbonate and 2-ethoxycarbonyl phenyl phenyl carbonate are preferable, and 2-methoxycarbonyl phenyl phenyl carbonate is particularly preferably used.
- the viscosity average molecular weight of the polycarbonate resin (C) is 14,000 to 100,000, preferably 20,000 to 30,000, and more preferably 22,000 to 28,000. And more preferably from 2,000 to 26,000.
- the resin composition according to the present invention can reduce uneven shadows of molded articles caused by disturbance of resin flow and has a hard coat layer at a molecular weight having sufficient resistance to a hard coat agent. It enables formation of a good polycarbonate resin molding. In a further more preferable range, it is excellent in coexistence with impact resistance and molding processability.
- the said polycarbonate resin may be obtained by mixing the thing whose viscosity average molecular weight is out of the said range.
- the polycarbonate resin composition according to the present invention comprises the composite tungsten oxide fine particles (A), the polycarbonate resin (C) and the weather resistance improver (B), and the polycarbonate resin
- the method of producing the composition for example, a) A method of mixing the composite tungsten oxide fine particles (A) and the weather resistance improver (B) during or after the polymerization reaction of the polycarbonate resin (C), b) A method of mixing the composite tungsten oxide fine particles (A) and the weather resistance improver (B) in a molten state of the polycarbonate resin (C), such as during the polycarbonate resin (C) kneading, c) A method in which the composite tungsten oxide fine particles (A) and the weather resistance improver (B) are mixed with the polycarbonate resin (C) in a solid state such as pellets, and then melted and kneaded using an extruder or the like It can be mentioned.
- the composite tungsten oxide fine particles (A) component according to the present invention can be blended into the polycarbonate resin (C) by itself, but various surface treatment agents or the like can be used to improve the dispersibility in the resin. It may be surface-treated with a surfactant and blended in the polycarbonate resin (C) in the form of a mixture with the agent.
- the composite tungsten oxide fine particles (A) component is at least one selected from the group of 0.0001 to 0.1 parts by weight of Si, Zr, Ti and Al per 100 parts by weight of the polycarbonate resin (C). It is preferable to contain metal oxides of the species or more, metal nitrides, and metal carbides (hereinafter sometimes referred to as component A ').
- component A ' metal oxides of the species or more, metal nitrides, and metal carbides
- the composite tungsten oxide fine particle (A) component is blended in the polycarbonate resin (C) in the form of a mixture with the above-mentioned A 'component.
- the mixing is preferably carried out in water or an organic solvent, in particular in an alcohol.
- An acid or alkali for adjusting pH, a surfactant, and a coupling agent may be added to the mixture.
- thermosetting resin is preferable as a resin binder used for the said mixing, and an epoxy resin is especially preferable.
- the epoxy resin is excellent in the compatibility with the polycarbonate resin, less in the adverse effect on the transparency, and less in the aggressivity against the polycarbonate resin.
- Heat ray-shielding molded article is a polycarbonate resin composition containing the composite tungsten oxide fine particles (A), the polycarbonate resin (C) and the weatherability improver (B), It is a molded body obtained by diluting, melt-kneading with a polycarbonate resin (C) or a different thermoplastic resin compatible with the polycarbonate resin (C), and then molding it into a predetermined shape.
- a method of molding the heat ray shielding molded body methods such as injection molding, extrusion molding, compression molding, or rotational molding can be used. In particular, injection molding and extrusion molding are preferable because they can be efficiently formed into a desired shape.
- extrusion molding and (b) injection molding will be briefly described.
- (A) Extrusion molding As a method of obtaining a plate-like (sheet-like) or film-like molded article by an extrusion molding method, a method of taking out a molten acrylic resin extruded using an extruder such as a T die while cooling with a cooling roll. Is adopted.
- the molding temperature varies depending on the composition of the polycarbonate resin molding material to be used, but is heated to a temperature 50 to 150 ° C. higher than the melting point or glass transition temperature of the resin so as to obtain sufficient fluidity.
- the temperature is 200 ° C. or higher, preferably 240 ° C. to 330 ° C. If the temperature is 200 ° C.
- the viscosity specific to the polymer can be lowered, and the composite tungsten oxide fine particles (A) can be uniformly dispersed in the polycarbonate resin (C), which is preferable. If it is lower than 350 ° C., the polycarbonate resin (C) is preferable because it does not decompose and deteriorate.
- injection molding As a method of obtaining the molded article according to the present invention by injection molding, not only ordinary injection molding but also injection compression molding, injection press molding, insulation mold molding, rapid heating / cooling mold molding, And ultra high speed injection molding can also be used. Among them, injection press molding is preferable for the following reasons. In addition, either cold runner method or hot runner method can be selected.
- molten thermoplastic resin is supplied into a mold cavity having a volume larger than a target molded article volume at least at the completion of the supply, and the mold cavity volume after the completion of the supply.
- the molding method reduces the volume of the molded product to a target, and cools the molded product in the mold cavity to a temperature below the temperature at which the molded product can be removed.
- the decrease start of the mold cavity volume may be either before or after the completion of the supply of the resin, the start before the completion of the supply is preferable. That is, an embodiment in which the step of reducing the cavity volume and the step of filling the resin overlap is preferable.
- adiabatic mold forming and rapid heating / cooling mold forming (halogen lamp irradiation, induction heating, high-speed switching of heat medium, ultrasonic mold, etc.) It is.
- injection press molding is capable of molding at very low pressure, as is generally known, it is possible to significantly reduce the level of clamping pressure of the injection molding machine. This is an especially large-sized molded article, and the equipment cost can be reduced along with the improvement of the product quality in the molded article having a long flow length.
- injection press molding is a molding method capable of reducing the molding temperature. Therefore, the molding method reduces the heat load even in a large-sized molded article, and as a result, it is possible to provide a good molded article.
- the polycarbonate resin composition used in the present invention reduces distortion of a molded product even in a large injection molded product, and is suitable for a large injection molded product.
- the heat ray shielding laminate according to the present invention is characterized in that the heat ray shielding molded body is laminated on another transparent molded body.
- the heat ray shielding laminate can be used as a roofing material of a building, a wall material, a window material used for an opening of a car, a train, an aircraft, an arcade, a ceiling dome, a carport, etc. by itself.
- an inorganic glass, a resin glass, a resin film or the like is used, and the transparent molded body according to the present invention is laminated on the transparent molded body by any method and integrated. It can also be used for structural materials as a laminate.
- a heat ray shielding laminate having a heat ray shielding function and an anti-scattering function can be obtained by laminating and integrating a polycarbonate resin heat ray shielding molded body previously formed into a film shape on an inorganic glass by a heat laminating method.
- heat ray shielding laminate by laminating and integrating with another transparent molded body simultaneously with the formation of the heat ray shielding molded body by a heat laminating method, coextrusion method, press molding method, injection molding method, etc. It is.
- the above-mentioned heat ray shielding laminate can be used as a more useful structural material by complementing each other's defects while effectively making use of the advantages of the respective molded bodies.
- Pentaerythritol tetrakis [3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate (manufactured by BASF, trade name Irganox (registered trademark) 1010) as a hindered phenol-based stabilizer
- a weatherability improver "Bb" is used
- tris (2,4-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite made by ADEKA, trade name Adekastab (registered trademark) AS 2112 (in this example, described as a weather resistance improver "Bc” ) was used.
- the haze H (%) was measured in accordance with JIS K 7136 using a haze meter (manufactured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory).
- the visible light transmittance T (%) and the solar radiation transmittance ST (%) were measured in accordance with JIS R 3106 using a spectrophotometer U-4000 (manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.).
- Example 1 ⁇ When the addition form of the weather resistance improver (B) is B1> 100 parts by weight of polycarbonate resin pellets, 0.15 parts by weight of composite tungsten oxide fine particles, and 0.75 parts by weight of weather resistance improver (Ba) are uniformly mixed, and then a twin-screw extruder (manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) The mixture was melt-kneaded at 290 ° C., and the extruded strands of 3 mm in diameter were cut to obtain pellets. The obtained pellet and the polycarbonate resin pellet were weighed, adjusted so that the content of the composite tungsten oxide fine particles was 0.05 mass%, and then uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture.
- a twin-screw extruder manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.
- the mixture was loaded into an injection molding machine (manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisaku-sho, Ltd.) and injection molded to obtain a sheet-like molded body of 10 cm ⁇ 5 cm according to Example 1 and a thickness of 2.0 mm.
- the haze H (%), the visible light transmittance T (%), and the solar radiation transmittance ST (%) were evaluated.
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- haze H (%), visible light transmittance (%), solar radiation transmittance ST (%) are evaluated as an optical characteristic. did.
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 When the addition form of the weather resistance improver (B) is B1> A sheet-like formed body according to Example 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the addition amount of the weather resistance improver (Ba) was changed to 0.015 parts by weight. And the optical characteristic of the sheet-like molded object concerning Example 2 was evaluated like Example 1. FIG. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 When the addition form of the weather resistance improver (B) is B1> A sheet-like formed body according to Example 3 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the addition amount of the weather resistance improver (Ba) was 3.0 parts by weight. And the optical characteristic of the sheet-like molded object concerning Example 3 was evaluated like Example 1. FIG. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 4 ⁇ When the addition form of the weather resistance improver (B) is B2> A sheet according to Example 4 is carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the addition amount of the weather resistance modifier (Ba) is 0.75 parts by weight and the addition amount of (Bb) is 0.75 parts by weight. Was obtained. And the optical characteristic of the sheet-like molded object concerning Example 4 was evaluated like Example 1. FIG. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 5 When the addition form of the weather resistance improver (B) is B2> A sheet according to Example 5 is carried out in the same manner as Example 1, except that the addition amount of the weather resistance improver (Ba) is 0.75 parts by weight and the addition amount of (Bc) is 0.75 parts by weight. Was obtained. And the optical characteristic of the sheet-like molded object concerning Example 5 was evaluated like Example 1. FIG. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 6 When the addition form of the weather resistance improver (B) is B2> A sheet according to Example 6 is carried out in the same manner as Example 1, except that the addition amount of the weather resistance modifier (Ba) is 0.75 parts by weight and the addition amount of (Bd) is 0.75 parts by weight. Was obtained. And the optical characteristic of the sheet-like molded object concerning Example 6 was evaluated like Example 1. FIG. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 7 ⁇ When the addition form of the weather resistance improver (B) is B2> Example 1 except that the addition amount of the weather resistance improver (Ba) is 1.5 parts by weight, the addition amount of (Bc) is 0.25 parts by weight, and the addition amount of (Bd) is 0.25 parts by weight The same operation as in the above was performed to obtain a sheet-like formed body according to Example 7. And the optical characteristic of the sheet-like molded object concerning Example 7 was evaluated like Example 1. FIG. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 8 ⁇ When the addition form of the weather resistance improver (B) is B3> A sheet according to Example 8 is carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the addition amount of the weather resistance improver (Bb) is 0.75 parts by weight and the addition amount of (Bc) is 0.75 parts by weight. Was obtained. And the optical characteristic of the sheet-like molded object concerning Example 8 was evaluated similarly to Example 1. FIG. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 9 When the addition form of the weather resistance improver (B) is B3> A sheet according to Example 9 is carried out in the same manner as Example 1, except that the addition amount of the weather resistance improver (Bb) is 0.01 parts by weight, and the addition amount of (Bc) is 0.005 parts by weight. Was obtained. And the optical characteristic of the sheet-like molded object which concerns on Example 9 was evaluated similarly to Example 1. FIG. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 10 ⁇ When the addition form of the weather resistance improver (B) is B3> A sheet according to Example 10 is carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the addition amount of the weather resistance improver (Bb) is 2.25 parts by weight and the addition amount of (Bc) is 0.75 parts by weight. Was obtained. And the optical characteristic of the sheet-like molded object concerning Example 10 was evaluated like Example 1. FIG. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 11 When the addition form of the weather resistance improver (B) is B3> A sheet according to Example 11 is carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the addition amount of the weather resistance modifier (Bb) is 0.75 parts by weight and the addition amount of (Bd) is 0.75 parts by weight. Was obtained. Then, the optical properties of the sheet-like molded product according to Example 11 were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 12 ⁇ When the addition form of the weather resistance improver (B) is B3> Example 1 except that the addition amount of the weather resistance improver (Bb) is 1.5 parts by weight, the addition amount of (Bc) is 0.25 parts by weight, and the addition amount of (Bd) is 0.25 parts by weight The same operation as in the above was performed to obtain a sheet-like formed body according to Example 12. Then, the optical properties of the sheet-like molded product according to Example 12 were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 The same operation as in Example 1 was carried out except that the weather resistance improver (B) was not added, and a sheet-like molded article according to Comparative Example 1 was obtained. And the optical characteristic of the sheet-like molded object which concerns on the comparative example 1 was evaluated similarly to Example 1. FIG. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Comparative example 2 A sheet-like formed body according to Comparative Example 2 is obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that only (Bb) is used as the weather resistance improving agent (B) and the addition amount is 0.75 part by weight. The And the optical characteristic of the sheet-like molded object which concerns on the comparative example 2 was evaluated similarly to Example 1. FIG. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Comparative example 3 A sheet-like formed body according to Comparative Example 3 is obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that only (Bc) is used as the weather resistance improver (B) and the addition amount is 0.75 part by weight. The And the optical characteristic of the sheet-like molded object which concerns on the comparative example 3 was evaluated similarly to Example 1. FIG. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Comparative example 4 A sheet-like formed body according to Comparative Example 4 is obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that only (Bd) is used as the weather resistance improver (B) and the addition amount is 0.75 part by weight. The And the optical characteristic of the sheet-like molded object which concerns on the comparative example 4 was evaluated similarly to Example 1. FIG. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- the phosphite compound (addition form B1) as a weather resistance improver is heat generated when the polycarbonate resin composition containing the composite tungsten oxide fine particles receives sunlight, or moisture in the air, It has been found that the deterioration of the infrared ray shielding function with time due to the weatherability deterioration of the composite tungsten oxide fine particles under the influence of oxygen is suppressed.
- the embodiment comprising (adding form B2) containing a phosphite compound and at least one selected from hindered phenol stabilizers, phosphoric acid stabilizers and sulfur stabilizers as weatherability improvers
- Example 4 in which a phosphite compound and a hindered phenol stabilizer are added
- Example 5 in which a phosphite compound and a phosphate stabilizer are added, phosphite compound and sulfur
- Example 6 where a system stabilizer is added
- Example 7 where a phosphite compound, a phosphoric acid type stabilizer and a sulfur type stabilizer are added, as in Examples 1 to 3 described above, the temperature is 120 ° C.
- Hindered phenol which is an embodiment of a weathering property improver including a hindered phenol type stabilizer, and at least one selected from a phosphoric acid type stabilizer and a sulfur type stabilizer (addition form B3).
- Examples 8 to 10 in which a system stabilizer and a phosphate stabilizer are added, Example 11 in which a sulfur stabilizer is added to a hindered phenol stabilizer, a hindered phenol stabilizer and a phosphate stabilizer
- Example 12 in which the agent and the sulfur-based stabilizer are added, the visible light transmittance and the solar radiation transmission in the optical characteristics after being kept in an air bath at 120.degree. C. for 30 days as in the above Examples 1 to 3.
- a hindered phenol-based stabilizer and a phosphoric acid-based stabilizer or a sulfur-based stabilizer can be used in combination.
- Comparative Example 1 is a conventional molded body in which the composite tungsten oxide fine particles are uniformly dispersed in the polycarbonate resin without the addition of the weather resistance improver.
- the initial optical characteristics of the molded article according to Comparative Example 1 show excellent visible light transmittance, solar radiation transmittance, and haze. However, it was found that the optical characteristics after being kept in a 120 ° C. air bath for 30 days had a large increase in solar radiation transmittance and a high visible light transmittance, and that the infrared ray shielding performance was greatly degraded.
- Comparative Example 2 where only a hindered phenol type stabilizer was added
- Comparative Example 3 where only a phosphoric acid type stabilizer was added
- Comparative Example 4 where only a sulfur type stabilizer was added as a weather resistance improver
- the initial optical properties of indicate excellent visible light transmittance, solar radiation transmittance, and haze.
- the solar light transmittance is greatly increased and the visible light transmittance is also increased as in Comparative Example 1 after being kept in an air bath at 120 ° C. for 30 days. Was rising.
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Abstract
Description
当該温度上昇を解消するために、近年、各種建築物や輸送機器の窓材、アーケード、天井ドーム、カーポート等の製造、建設分野では、可視光線を十分に取り入れながら熱線を遮蔽することにより、明るさを維持しながら室内等の温度上昇を抑制する機能を有する、熱線遮蔽機能を有する成形体への需要が急増している。
その上、当該熱線遮蔽板においては、透明成形体と熱線反射フィルムとの接着性が良くないので、経時変化により透明成形体と熱線反射フィルムとの剥離が生じる、といった欠点も有している。
そして、複合タングステン酸化物微粒子を、樹脂等の高分子媒体に分散させた赤外線遮蔽材料微粒子分散体の紫外線による色調変化の現象は、高分子媒体に紫外線が照射された際、当該紫外線のエネルギーによって高分子鎖が切断されて活性な有害ラジカルが次々に発生し、高分子の劣化が連鎖的に進み、これらの有害ラジカルが複合タングステン酸化物微粒子に還元的に作用し、新たに5価のタングステンが増加するに伴って着色濃度が高くなることを知見した。
ここで、上記着色防止剤のうち、リン系着色防止剤はリンを含有する着色防止剤であり、リンを含むリン系官能基を備えた化合物が好ましいとされ、リン系官能基には、3価と5価のリンを含むものがあり、下記の式(1)で3価のリンを含むリン系官能基を備えたリン系着色防止剤、式(2)で5価のリンを含むリン系官能基を備えたリン系着色防止剤の一般式が例示されている。
[尚、式(1)および式(2)において、x、y、zは、0または1の値をとる。また、R1、R2およびR3は、一般式CmHnで表される直鎖、環状、もしくは分岐構造のある炭化水素基、または、フッ素、塩素、臭素等のハロゲン原子、または、水素原子である。さらに、yまたはzが1の場合には、R2またはR3は、金属原子でもよい。]
また、ホスフィン基等の3価のリンを含有するリン系官能基は、主として過酸化物分解機能、すなわち、P原子が自ら酸化することによって過酸化物を安定な化合物に分解し、過酸化物が分解してラジカル化する反応を阻害する機能を有していると考えられる。
また、特許文献14には、ポリカーボネート樹脂の重合反応終了後、樹脂の溶融安定性を良好なものとするため、ヒンダードフェノール系化合物が酸化防止剤として提案されており、特許文献15には、ポリカーボネート樹脂製造に際し、着色防止を目的としてヒンダードフェノール系酸化防止剤を加えることが提案されている。
当該知見に基づき、本発明者らは、赤外線遮蔽材料微粒子分散体の色調変化、透過率の低下を、紫外線エネルギーによる高分子材料の劣化による有害ラジカル発生に起因するものとして捉え、上述した有害ラジカルの活性を抑制するために、ヒンダードアミン系光安定剤や、リン系着色防止剤等の着色防止剤を添加することが有効である等、の対策を開示してきた。
当該研究の結果、検討対象を、赤外線遮蔽機能を有する赤外線遮蔽材料微粒子へ広げ、上述した紫外線エネルギーだけでなく、熱可塑性樹脂シート材や成形体が太陽光を受けた際に、当該赤外線遮蔽材料微粒子が発生する熱や、空気中の水分、酸素が当該赤外線遮蔽材料微粒子へ与える影響までも考慮した上での、経時的な可視光透過率の低下、熱線遮蔽機能の低下について検討することに想到した。
そして、赤外線遮蔽材料微粒子として複合タングステン酸化物微粒子(本発明において便宜の為、「(A)」という符号を付記する場合がある。)を含有し、熱可塑性樹脂としてポリカーボネート樹脂(本明細書において便宜の為、「(C)」という符号を付記する場合がある。)を用いた樹脂組成物や、当該樹脂組成物を用いた熱線遮蔽成形体に、耐候性改良剤(本明細書において便宜の為、「(B)」という符号を付記する場合がある。)を所定量添加することにより、上記課題を解決できることを知見し、本発明に至った。
ここで、耐候性改良剤(B)の形態として、亜リン酸エステル化合物を含むもの(本明細書において便宜の為、「(B1)」という符号を付記する場合がある。)、亜リン酸エステル化合物と、ヒンダードフェノール系安定剤、リン酸系安定剤および硫黄系安定剤から選ばれる1種類以上とを含むもの(本明細書において便宜の為、「(B2)」という符号を付記する場合がある。)、ヒンダードフェノール系安定剤と、リン酸系安定剤、硫黄系安定剤から選ばれる1種類以上とを含むもの(本明細書において便宜の為、「(B3)」という符号を付記する場合がある。)、のいずれかが好ましいことも知見した。
複合タングステン酸化物微粒子(A)と、耐候性改良剤(B)と、ポリカーボネート樹脂(C)とを含むポリカーボネート樹脂組成物であって、
前記複合タングステン酸化物微粒子(A)が、一般式MxWOy(但し、M元素は、Cs、Rb、K、Tl、In、Ba、Li、Ca、Sr、Fe、Sn、Al、Cu、Naから選択される1種類以上の元素、Wはタングステン、Oは酸素、0.1≦x≦0.5、2.2≦y≦3.0)で表される複合タングステン酸化物微粒子であり、
前記耐候性改良剤(B)が、亜リン酸エステル化合物を含むもの(B1)、
または、亜リン酸エステル化合物と、ヒンダードフェノール系安定剤、リン酸系安定剤および硫黄系安定剤から選ばれる1種類以上とを含むもの(B2)、
または、ヒンダードフェノール系安定剤と、リン酸系安定剤、硫黄系安定剤から選ばれる1種類以上とを含むもの(B3)、のいずれかであり、
前記耐候性改良剤(B)の添加量が、前記複合タングステン酸化物微粒子(A)1重量部に対して、0.1重量部以上20重量部以下であることを特徴とするポリカーボネート樹脂組成物である。
第2の発明は、
前記複合タングステン酸化物微粒子(A)の分散粒子径が、1nm以上200nm以下であることを特徴とするポリカーボネート樹脂組成物である。
第3の発明は、
前記亜リン酸エステル化合物の構造が、一般式(3)で示されることを特徴とするポリカーボネート樹脂組成物である。
[但し、一般式(3)中、R1、R2、R4、およびR5は、それぞれ独立に水素原子、炭素数1~8のアルキル基、炭素数5~12のシクロアルキル基、炭素数5~12のアルキルシクロアルキル基、炭素数7~12のアラルキル基またはフェニル基を示す。
R3は、水素原子または炭素数1~8のアルキル基を示し、
Xは、単なる結合、硫黄原子または式(3-1)で示される2価の残基を示し、
(但し、式(3-1)中、R6は、水素原子、炭素数1~8のアルキル基または炭素数5~12のシクロアルキル基を示す。)
Aは炭素数2~8のアルキレン基または式(3-2)で示される2価の残基を示し、
(但し、式(3-2)中、R7は、単なる結合または炭素数1~8のアルキレン基を示し、*は、酸素原子側に結合していることを示す。)
Y、Zは、いずれか一方がヒドロキシル基、炭素数1~8のアルキル基、炭素数1~8のアルコキシル基または炭素数7~12のアラルキルオキシ基を示し、他の一方が水素原子または炭素数1~8のアルキル基を示す。]
第4の発明は、
前記複合タングステン酸化物微粒子(A)を示す一般式MxWOyのM元素が、Cs、Rbから選ばれる1種以上であることを特徴とするポリカーボネート樹脂組成物である。
第5の発明は、
前記複合タングステン酸化物微粒子(A)が、六方晶であることを特徴とするポリカーボネート樹脂組成物である。
第6の発明は、
第1~第5の発明のいずれかに記載のポリカーボネート樹脂組成物と、ポリカーボネート樹脂(C)、または、ポリカーボネート樹脂(C)と相溶性を有する異種の熱可塑性樹脂との、溶融混練物の成形体であることを特徴とする熱線遮蔽成形体である。
第7の発明は、
第6の発明に記載の熱線遮蔽成形体が、他の透明成形体上に積層されていることを特徴とする熱線遮蔽積層体である。
さらに詳しくは、複合タングステン酸化物微粒子が、一般式MxWOy(但し、M元素は、Cs、Rb、K、Tl、In、Ba、Li、Ca、Sr、Fe、Sn、Al、Cu、Naから選択される1種類以上の元素、Wはタングステン、Oは酸素、0.1≦x≦0.5、2.2≦y≦3.0)で表される複合タングステン酸化物微粒子である。そして、耐候性改良剤が、亜リン酸エステル化合物を含むもの(B1)、または、亜リン酸エステル化合物と、ヒンダードフェノール系安定剤、リン酸系安定剤および硫黄系安定剤から選ばれる1種類以上とを含むもの(B2)、または、ヒンダードフェノール系安定剤と、リン酸系安定剤、硫黄系安定剤から選ばれる1種類以上とを含むもの(B3)、のいずれかであり、当該耐候性改良剤(B)の添加量が、上記複合タングステン酸化物微粒子(A)1重量部に対して、0.1~20重量部であることを特徴としている。
以下、本発明に係るポリカーボネート樹脂組成物、それを用いた熱線遮蔽成形体および熱線遮蔽積層体について、(1)複合タングステン酸化物微粒子(A)、(2)耐候性改良剤(B)、(3)ポリカーボネート樹脂(C)、(4)熱線遮蔽成形体、(5)熱線遮蔽積層体、の順で詳細に説明する。
(a)本発明に係る複合タングステン酸化物微粒子の組成、結晶構造
本発明に係る複合タングステン酸化物微粒子(A)は、熱線遮蔽効果を発現する成分であり、一般式MxWOy(但し、M元素は、Cs、Rb、K、Tl、In、Ba、Li、Ca、Sr、Fe、Sn、Al、Cu、Naから選択される1種類以上の元素、Wはタングステン、Oは酸素、0.1≦x≦0.5、2.2≦y≦3.0)で示される複合タングステン酸化物微粒子である。
粒子による光の散乱を低減することを重視するのであれば、本発明に用いる複合タングステン酸化物微粒子の分散粒子径は200nm以下、好ましくは100nm以下がよい。その理由は、分散粒子の分散粒子径が小さければ、幾何学散乱もしくはミー散乱による、波長400nm~780nmの可視光線領域における光の散乱が低減されるからである。当該光の散乱が低減される結果、熱線遮蔽膜が曇りガラスのようになって鮮明な透明性が得られなくなるのを回避できる。即ち、分散粒子の分散粒子径が200nm以下になると、上記幾何学散乱もしくはミー散乱が低減し、レイリー散乱領域になるからである。当該レイリー散乱領域では、散乱光は粒子径の6乗に反比例して低減するため、分散粒子径の減少に伴い散乱が低減し、透明性が向上するからである。さらに、分散粒子径が100nm以下になると、散乱光は非常に少なくなり好ましい。光の散乱を回避する観点からは、分散粒子径が小さい方が好ましく、分散粒子径が1nm以上であれば工業的な製造は容易である。なお、本発明において、微粒子の分散粒子径とは、媒体中に分散している微粒子が凝集して生成した凝集粒子の径を意味するものであり、市販されている種々の粒度分布計で測定することができる。例えば、微粒子分散液から微粒子の単体や凝集体が存在する状態のサンプルを採取し、当該サンプルを、動的光散乱法を原理とした粒度分布計を用いて測定し求めることができる。
本発明に係る複合タングステン酸化物微粒子は、赤外線吸収特性を有している。この結果、本発明に係るポリカーボネート樹脂組成物、それを用いた熱線遮蔽成形体および熱線遮蔽積層体は、当該複合タングステン酸化物微粒子を含有することにより、赤外領域、特に近赤外領域の光の透過を抑制することができ、熱線遮蔽能を発揮することができる。
また、本発明に係る複合タングステン酸化物微粒子の可視領域における光の吸光係数が、近赤外領域の吸光係数と比較して非常に小さいため、近赤外領域の光の透過を十分に抑制したときでも、可視領域の光に対して高い透過性を保つことができる。
本発明に係るポリカーボネート樹脂組成物に用いる耐候性改良剤(B)は、
亜リン酸エステル化合物を含むもの(B1)、
亜リン酸エステル化合物と、ヒンダードフェノール系安定剤、リン酸系安定剤および硫黄系安定剤から選ばれる1種類以上とを含むもの(B2)、
ヒンダードフェノール系安定剤と、リン酸系安定剤、硫黄系安定剤から選ばれる1種類以上とを含むもの(B3)、という3つの構成(添加形態と記す場合がある)のいずれかであることが好ましい。
前記耐候性改良剤(B)の添加量が、前記複合タングステン酸化物微粒子(A)1重量部に対して0.1重量部以上であれば、所望の耐候性改良効果を得ることができ好ましい。一方、当該添加量が20重量部以下であれば、成形体の機械的強度の低下が懸念されず好ましい。
即ち、前記所定量の耐候性改良剤(B)を、上述したポリカーボネート樹脂組成物の構成とすることにより、紫外線エネルギーだけでなく、太陽光を受けた際に発生する熱や空気中の水分、酸素の影響を受けて起こる複合タングステン酸化物微粒子を含むポリカーボネート樹脂組成物の耐候性劣化が抑制される。この結果、耐候性に優れたポリカーボネート樹脂組成物や、当該ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物を用いて製造された耐候性に優れた熱線遮蔽成形体、および、熱線遮蔽積層体を得ることができるのである。
具体的には、ポリカーボネート樹脂の加工時や重合時における熱分解による色相や物性の低下を抑制する為に、ビス(2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-4-メチルフェニル)ペンタエリスリトールジホスファイト、2,2’-メチレンビス(4,6-ジ-t-ブチルフェニル)2-エチルヘキシルホスファイト等のリン系安定剤を、ポリカーボネートに含有させる方法が、特許文献11,12に提案されている。
ところが、当該リン系安定剤をポリカーボネート樹脂に含有させると、時間の経過と伴にポリカーボネート組成物が白濁するという問題があった。
この問題に関して、前記一般式(3)で示される亜リン酸エステル化合物を配合することで、著しく優れた耐白濁性が得られるのみならず、優れた耐熱分解性、長期安定性を示すことが特許文献13に提案されている。
一方、本発明は、複合タングステン酸化物微粒子を含むポリカーボネート樹脂組成物が、長い時間をかけて太陽光線や空気中の湿度等の影響を受け、含まれている複合タングステン酸化物微粒子の光学的特性が劣化していくことを抑制して、耐候性を向上させるものである。ところが、本発明と目的が異なる特許文献11~13においては、当該複合タングステン酸化物微粒子の耐候性を向上させることに係る亜リン酸エステル化合物やリン系安定剤の使用と、その効果とについては、記載も示唆もないものであった。
即ち、本発明者らは独自の研究により、前記一般式(3)で示される亜リン酸エステル化合物が、複合タングステン酸化物微粒子を含むポリカーボネート樹脂組成物の耐候性を向上させるという効果を、初めて知見したものである。
本発明に係るポリカーボネート樹脂組成物に用いる亜リン酸エステル化合物(添加形態B1、または、B2)は、一般式(3)で示される化合物である。
一般式(3)中において、R1、R2、R4、およびR5は、それぞれ独立に水素原子、炭素数1~8のアルキル基、炭素数5~12のシクロアルキル基、炭素数5~12のアルキルシクロアルキル基、炭素数7~12のアラルキル基またはフェニル基を示す。
R3は、水素原子または炭素数1~8のアルキル基を示す。
Xは、単なる結合、硫黄原子または式(3-1)で示される2価の残基を示す。
(式(3-1)中において、R6は水素原子、炭素数1~8のアルキル基または炭素数5~12のシクロアルキル基を示す。)
Aは炭素数2~8のアルキレン基または式(3-2)で示される2価の残基を示す。
(式(3-2)中において、R7は単なる結合または炭素数1~8のアルキレン基を示し、*は酸素原子側に結合していることを示す。)
Y、Zは、いずれか一方がヒドロキシル基、炭素数1~8のアルキル基、炭素数1~8のアルコキシル基または炭素数7~12のアラルキルオキシ基を示し、他の一方が水素原子または炭素数1~8のアルキル基を示す。
上記一般式(3)で示される亜リン酸エステル化合物において、R1、R2、R4及びR5はそれぞれ独立に水素原子、炭素数1~8のアルキル基、炭素数5~12のシクロアルキル基、炭素数5~12のアルキルシクロアルキル基、炭素数7~12のアラルキル基またはフェニル基を示す。
前記炭素数5~12のシクロアルキル基としては、例えばシクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、シクロヘプチル基、シクロオクチル基、1-メチルシクロペンチル基、1-メチルシクロヘキシル基、1-メチル-4-i-プロピルシクロヘキシル基などが挙げられる。 前記炭素数5~12のアルキルシクロアルキル基としては、メチルシクロペンチル基、ジメチルシクロペンチル基(全ての構造異性体を含む。)、メチルエチルシクロペンチル基(全ての構造異性体を含む。)、ジエチルシクロペンチル基(全ての構造異性体を含む。)、メチルシクロヘキシル基、ジメチルシクロヘキシル基(全ての構造異性体を含む。)、メチルエチルシクロヘキシル基(全ての構造異性体を含む。)、ジエチルシクロヘキシル基(全ての構造異性体を含む。)、メチルシクロヘプチル基、ジメチルシクロヘプチル基(全ての構造異性体を含む。)、メチルエチルシクロヘプチル基(全ての構造異性体を含む。)、ジエチルシクロヘプチル基(全ての構造異性体を含む。)等が挙げられる。
前記炭素数7~12のフェニル基としては、例えばフェニル基、ナフチル基、2-メチルフェニル基、4-メチルフェニル基、2,4-ジメチルフェニル基、2,6-ジメチルフェニル基などが挙げられる。
R3は、水素原子または炭素数1~8のアルキル基を示すが、炭素数1~8のアルキル基としては、R1、R2、R4、R5において上述したのと同様の炭素数1~8のアルキル基が挙げられる。R3は、水素原子または、R2において上記したと同様の炭素数1~5のアルキル基が好ましく、水素原子、メチル基などであることがさらに好ましい。
Xは、単なる結合、硫黄原子または式(3-1)で示される2価の残基を示す。
(式中、R6は水素原子、炭素数1~8のアルキル基または炭素数5~12のシクロアルキル基を示す。)
式(3-1)で示される2価の残基において、R6は、水素原子、炭素数1~8のアルキル基または炭素数5~12のシクロアルキル基を示すが、ここで炭素数1~8のアルキル基および炭素数5~12のシクロアルキル基としては、(i)R1、R2、R4およびR5において上述したものと同様のアルキル基およびシクロアルキル基がそれぞれ例示される。
Xは、単なる結合、メチレン基またはメチル、エチル、n-プロピル、i-プロピル、n-ブチル、i-ブチル、t-ブチル等が置換したメチレン基であることが好ましく、単なる結合であることがさらに好ましい。
Aは、炭素数2~8のアルキレン基、または、式(3-2)で示される2価の残基を示す。
炭素数2~8のアルキレン基の具体例としては、例えば、エチレン基、プロピレン基、ブチレン基、ペンタメチレン基、ヘキサメチレン基、オクタメチレン基、2,2-ジメチル-1,3-プロピレン基などが挙げられ、プロピレン基であることがさらに好ましい。
式(3-2)で示される2価の残基は、酸素原子とベンゼン核とに結合しているが、*は酸素原子と結合していることを示している。
(式中、R7は、単なる結合または炭素数1~8のアルキレン基を示し、*は、酸素原子側に結合していることを示す。)
Y、Zは、いずれか一方がヒドロキシル基、炭素数1~8のアルキル基、炭素数1~8のアルコキシル基または炭素数7~12のアラルキルオキシ基を示し、他の一方が水素原子または炭素数1~8のアルキル基を示す。
ここで、炭素数1~8のアルキル基としては、(i)R1、R2、R4およびR5において説明したものと同様のアルキル基が、好ましく挙げられる。
炭素数1~8のアルコキシル基としては、例えば、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、n-プロポキシ基、i-プロポキシ基、n-ブトキシ基、i-ブトキシ基、sec-ブトキシ基、t-ブトキシ基、t-ペントキシ基、i-オクトキシ基、t-オクトキシ基、2-エチルヘキトキシ基などが、好ましく挙げられる。
炭素数7~12のアラルキルオキシ基としては、例えばベンジルオキシ基、α-メチルベンジルオキシ基、α、α-ジメチルベンジルオキシ基などが、好ましく挙げられる。
Y、Zは、例えば、Yがヒドロキシル基、炭素数1~8のアルキル基、炭素数1~8のアルコキシル基または炭素数7~12のアラルキルオキシ基であり、Zが水素原子または炭素数1~8のアルキル基であってもよいし、Zがヒドロキシル基、炭素数1~8のアルキル基、炭素数1~8のアルコキシル基または炭素数7~12のアラルキルオキシ基であり、Yが水素原子または炭素数1~8のアルキル基であってもよい。
前記一般式(3)で示される亜リン酸エステル化合物の中でも、R1およびR4がt-アルキル基、シクロヘキシルまたは1-メチルシクロヘキシル基であり、R2が炭素数1~5のアルキル基であり、R5が水素原子または炭素数1~5のアルキル基であり、R3が水素原子または炭素数1~5のアルキル基であり、Xが単なる結合であり、Aが炭素数2~8のアルキレン基であることが、特に好ましい。
本発明に係る、複合タングステン酸化物微粒子、ポリカーボネート樹脂、および、耐候性改良剤を含むポリカーボネート樹脂組成物においては、当該耐候性改良剤として、上述した亜リン酸エステル化合物とヒンダードフェノール系安定剤とを含むもの(添加形態B2)、または、ヒンダードフェノール系安定剤と、リン酸系安定剤、硫黄系安定剤から選ばれる1種類以上とを含むもの(添加形態B3)、を用いる構成も好ましい。
当該構成を採ることにより、上述した太陽光線を受けた際に発生する熱や空気中の水分、酸素の影響を受けて起こる複合タングステン酸化物微粒子を含むポリカーボネート樹脂組成物の耐候性劣化が抑制される効果に加えて、太陽光線中の紫外線エネルギーによるポリカーボネート樹脂の劣化も抑制された、ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物やそれを用いた熱線遮蔽成形体を得ることができるからである。
しかしながら、前記ヒンダードフェノール系安定剤が、複合タングステン酸化物微粒子を含むポリカーボネート樹脂組成物の耐候性劣化を抑制する効果を増強させる目的と、その効果については、特許文献15には記載も示唆もないものであった。
そして、低分子型のヒンダードフェノール系安定剤の好適な例としては、2,6-tert-ブチル-p-クレゾール、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-フェノール、2,4-ジ-メチル-6-第3ブチル-フェノール、ブチルヒドロキシアニソール、2,2’-メチレンビス(4-メチル-6-tert-ブチルフェノール)、4,4’-ブチリデンビス(3-メチル-6-tert-ブチルフェノール)、4,4’-チオビス(3-メチル-6-tert-ブチルフェノール)、テトラキス[メチレン-3(3,5-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート]メタン、1,1,3-トリス(2-メチル-4-ヒドロキシ-5-tert-ブチルフェニル)ブタン等が挙げられる。
また、高分子型のヒンダードフェノール系安定剤の好適な例としては、上記ヒンダードフェノール系着色防止剤を側鎖に持つビニル、アクリル、メタクリル、スチリル等のモノマーの重合体や、上記ヒンダードフェノール系着色防止剤の構造が主鎖に組み込まれた重合体等が挙げられる。
尚、前記低分子型のヒンダードフェノール系安定剤よりも、前記高分子型のヒンダードフェノール系安定剤の方が好ましい場合がある。また、前記高分子型の化合物を用いる場合には、当該化合物にさらに架橋構造を導入しても良い。
これに対して、本発明においては、耐候性改良剤(B)として、前記亜リン酸エステル化合物とヒンダードフェノール系安定剤とを含むもの(添加形態B2)、または、ヒンダードフェノール系安定剤と、リン酸系安定剤、硫黄系安定剤から選ばれる1種類以上とを含むもの(添加形態B3)、とすることにより、従来検討されていた紫外線エネルギーに対してだけでなく、太陽光を受けた際に発生する熱や空気中の水分、酸素の影響を受けて起こる複合タングステン酸化物微粒子を含むポリカーボネート樹脂組成物の耐候性劣化を抑制する効果を増強することができる。尤も、前記耐候性改良剤による作用効果や過程には未解明な点も多く、いまだ詳細を説明できていない。
本発明に係る、複合タングステン酸化物微粒子(A)、ポリカーボネート樹脂(C)、および、耐候性改良剤を含むポリカーボネート樹脂組成物においては、当該耐候性改良剤(B)として、上述した亜リン酸エステル化合物とリン酸系安定剤とを含むもの(添加形態B2)、または、上述したヒンダードフェノール系安定剤とリン酸系安定剤とを含むもの(添加形態B3)も好ましい。
そして、これらのリン系官能基の中でも、ホスホン酸基を備えたホスホン酸系着色防止剤は、金属イオンを効率よく捕捉でき、耐加水分解性などの安定性にも優れるので、着色防止剤として、特に好適であると考えられる。
本発明に係る、複合タングステン酸化物微粒子(A)、ポリカーボネート樹脂(C)、および、耐候性改良剤(B)を含むポリカーボネート樹脂組成物においては、当該耐候性改良剤(B)として、上述した亜リン酸エステル化合物と硫黄系安定剤とを含むもの(添加形態B2)、あるいは、上述したヒンダードフェノール系安定剤と硫黄系安定剤とを含むもの(添加形態B3)も好ましい。
低分子型の硫黄系安定剤の好適な例としては、ジラウリルチオジプロピオネート(S(CH2CH2COOC12H25)2)、ジステアリルチオジプロピオネート(S(CH2CH2COOC18H37)2)、ラウリルステアリルチオジプロピオネート(S(CH2CH2COOC18H37)(CH2CH2COOC12H25))、ジミリスチルチオジプロピオネート(S(CH2CH2COOC14H29)2)、ジステアリルβ、β’-チオジブチレート(S(CH(CH3)CH2COOC18H39)2)、2-メルカプトベンゾイミダゾール(C6H4NHNCSH)、ジラウリルサルファイド(S(C12H25)2)等が挙げられる。
これらの硫黄系安定剤は、主として過酸化物分解機能を有していると考えられ、着色防止剤として特に好適であると考えられる。
本発明に係るポリカーボネート樹脂組成物に用いるポリカーボネート樹脂(C)は、この分野で使用されているポリカーボネート樹脂であれば特に制限されないが、二価フェノールとカーボネート前駆体とを反応させて製造されるものである。
当該製造反応の一例として界面重合法、溶融エステル交換法、カーボネートプレポリマーの固相エステル交換法、および環状カーボネート化合物の開環重合法などを挙げることができる。
前記二価フェノールとカーボネート前駆体とを、界面重合法によって重合してポリカーボネート樹脂(C)を製造するに当っては、必要に応じて触媒、末端停止剤、二価フェノールが酸化するのを防止するための酸化防止剤などを使用してもよい。
本発明に係るポリカーボネート樹脂組成物に用いるポリカーボネート樹脂(C)には、三官能基以上を有する多官能性芳香族化合物を共重合した分岐ポリカーボネート樹脂、芳香族または脂肪族(脂環族を含む)の二官能性カルボン酸を共重合したポリエステルカーボネート樹脂、二官能性アルコール(シクロアルキルを含む)を共重合した共重合ポリカーボネート樹脂、並びに当該二官能性カルボン酸および二官能性アルコールを共に共重合したポリエステルカーボネート樹脂を含む。また、製造された2種以上のポリカーボネート樹脂を混合した混合物であってもよい。
さらにポリオルガノシロキサン単位を共重合した、ポリカーボネート-ポリオルガノシロキサン共重合体の使用も可能である。
さらに単官能性フェノール類としては、デシルフェノール、ドデシルフェノール、テトラデシルフェノール、ヘキサデシルフェノール、オクタデシルフェノール、エイコシルフェノール、ドコシルフェノールおよびトリアコンチルフェノールなどを挙げることができる。これらの比較的長鎖のアルキル基を有する単官能性フェノール類は、流動性や耐加水分解性の向上が求められる場合に有効である。
溶融エステル交換法による反応は、通常二価フェノールとカーボネートエステルとのエステル交換反応であり、不活性ガスの存在下に二価フェノールとカーボネートエステルとを加熱しながら混合して、生成するアルコールまたはフェノールを留出させる方法により行われる。反応温度は生成するアルコールまたはフェノールの沸点等により異なるが、通常120~350℃の範囲である。反応後期には系を10~0.1Torr程度に減圧して生成するアルコールまたはフェノールの留出を容易にさせる。反応時間は通常1~4時間程度である。
ポリカーボネート樹脂(C)の粘度平均分子量は、14,000~100,000であり、20,000~30,000が好ましく、22,000~28,000がより好ましく、23,000~26,000がさらに好ましい。
まず、数式(4)にて算出される比粘度(ηsp)の値を、20℃で塩化メチレン100mlにポリカーボネート0.7gを溶解した溶液からオストワルド粘度計を用いて求める。
ηsp=(t-t0)/t0 数式(4)
(t0は塩化メチレンの落下秒数、tは試料溶液の落下秒数)
求められた比粘度(ηsp)の値を数式(5)に挿入して求めたものである。
ηsp/c=[η]+0.45×[η]2c 数式(5)
(但し、[η]は極限粘度)
[η]=1.23×10-4M0.83
c=0.7g/dl
本発明に係るポリカーボネート樹脂組成物は、複合タングステン酸化物微粒子(A)、ポリカーボネート樹脂(C)および耐候性改良剤(B)を含んでおり、上記ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物の製造方法には、特に制限はなく、例えば、
a)ポリカーボネート樹脂(C)の重合反応の途中または重合反応終了時に、複合タングステン酸化物微粒子(A)と耐候性改良剤(B)を混合する方法、
b)ポリカーボネート樹脂(C)混練途中等、ポリカーボネート樹脂(C)が溶融した状態で、複合タングステン酸化物微粒子(A)と耐候性改良剤(B)を混合する方法、
c)ポリカーボネート樹脂(C)がペレット等固体状態となっているものに、複合タングステン酸化物微粒子(A)と耐候性改良剤(B)を混合後、押出機等で溶融・混練する方法等が挙げられる。
本発明に係る熱線遮蔽成形体は、上記複合タングステン酸化物微粒子(A)、上記ポリカーボネート樹脂(C)および上記耐候性改良剤(B)を含むポリカーボネート樹脂組成物が、ポリカーボネート樹脂(C)、または、ポリカーボネート樹脂(C)と相溶性を有する異種の熱可塑性樹脂により希釈・溶融混練され、その後、所定の形状に成形されてなる成形体である。
上記熱線遮蔽成形体の成形方法としては、射出成形、押出成形、圧縮成形、または、回転成形等の方法を用いることができる。特に、射出成形、押出成形によれば効率的に所望の形状に成形できるので好ましい。
以下、(a)押出成形、(b)射出成形について簡単に説明する。
押出成形法により板状(シート状)、フィルム状の成形体を得る方法としては、Tダイなどの押出機を用いて押し出した溶融アクリル樹脂を冷却ロールで冷却しながら引き取る方法が採用される。成形温度は、使用するポリカーボネート樹脂成形材料の組成等によって異なるが、十分な流動性が得られるように樹脂の融点或いはガラス転移温度より50~150℃高い温度に加温する。例えば、200℃以上、好ましくは240℃~330℃とする。200℃以上であれば、高分子特有の粘度を低下させることができ、複合タングステン酸化物微粒子(A)をポリカーボネート樹脂(C)中に均一に分散させることができ好ましい。350℃よりも低ければ、ポリカーボネート樹脂(C)が分解し劣化することがなく、好ましい。
射出成形法により本発明に係る成形体を得る方法としては、通常の射出成形法だけでなく、射出圧縮成形、射出プレス成形、断熱金型成形、急速加熱冷却金型成形、および超高速射出成形なども利用することができる。中でも射出プレス成形は下記の理由などから好適である。また成形はコールドランナー方式およびホットランナー方式のいずれも選択することができる。
本発明に係る熱線遮蔽積層体は、上記熱線遮蔽成形体が、他の透明成形体上に積層されていることを特徴としている。上記熱線遮蔽積層体は、それ自体で建築物の屋根材、壁材、自動車、電車、航空機などの開口部に使用される窓材、アーケード、天井ドーム、カーポート等に使用することができる。
本実施例において使用する原料について、(1)複合タングステン酸化物微粒子(A)、(2)耐候性改良剤(B)、(3)ポリカーボネート樹脂(C)の順に説明する。
(1)複合タングステン酸化物微粒子(A)
複合タングステン酸化物微粒子として、Cs0.33WO3微粒子分散物(Cs0.33WO3微粒子含量20質量%)(住友金属鉱山(株)製)を用いた。
(2)耐候性改良剤(B)
亜リン酸エステル化合物として、6-[3-(3-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシ-5-メチルフェニル)プロポキシ]-2,4,8,10-テトラ-tert―ブチルジベンジル[d,f][1,3,2]ジオキシホスフェピン (住友化学株式会社製:スミライザー(登録商標)GP(本実施例において、耐候性改良剤「Ba」と記載する。))を用いた。
ヒンダードフェノール系安定剤として、ペンタエリスリト-ルテトラキス[3-(3,5-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート (BASF社製、商品名イルガノックス(登録商標)1010(本実施例において、耐候性改良剤「Bb」と記載する。))を用いた。
リン酸系安定剤として、トリス(2,4-tert-ブチルフェニル)ホスファイト(株式会社ADEKA製、商品名アデカスタブ(登録商標)AS2112(本実施例において、耐候性改良剤「Bc」と記載する。))を用いた。
硫黄系安定剤として、ジミリスチル(3,3’-チオジプロピオネート)、(住友化学株式会社製、商品名スミライザー(登録商標)TPM(本実施例において、耐候性改良剤「Bd」と記載する。))を用いた。
(3)ポリカーボネート樹脂(C)
ポリカーボネート樹脂として、ポリカーボネート樹脂ペレット、(Bayer社製、商品名マクロロン(登録商標)AL2647)を用いた。
本実施例において得られた熱線遮蔽成形体の光学特性評価において、ヘイズH(%)は、ヘイズメーター(村上色彩研究所製)を使用し、JIS K 7136に準拠して測定した。また、可視光透過率T(%)、日射透過率ST(%)は、分光光度計U-4000(日立製作所製)を使用し、JIS R 3106に準拠して測定した。
ポリカーボネート樹脂ペレット100重量部、複合タングステン酸化物微粒子0.15重量部、および、耐候性改良剤(Ba)0.75重量部を均一に混合した後、二軸押出機(東洋精機製作所製)を用いて290℃で溶融混練し、押し出された直径3mmのストランドをカットし、ペレットを得た。
得られたペレットと、ポリカーボネート樹脂ペレットとを秤量し、複合タングステン酸化物微粒子の含有量が0.05質量%となるように調整した後、均一に混合して混合物を得た。当該混合物を射出成形機(東洋精機製作所製)に装填して射出成形し、実施例1に係る10cm×5cm、厚さ2.0mmのシート状成形体を得た。
さらに、実施例1に係るシート状成形体を120℃空気浴中に30日間保持した後、光学特性としてヘイズH(%)、可視光透過率(%)、日射透過率ST(%)を評価した。評価結果を表1に示す。
耐候性改良剤(Ba)の添加量を0.015重量部とした以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、実施例2に係るシート状成形体を得た。
そして、実施例2に係るシート状成形体の光学的特性を、実施例1と同様に評価した。評価結果を表1に示す。
耐候性改良剤(Ba)の添加量を3.0重量部とした以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、実施例3に係るシート状成形体を得た。
そして、実施例3に係るシート状成形体の光学的特性を、実施例1と同様に評価した。評価結果を表1に示す。
耐候性改良剤(Ba)の添加量を0.75重量部、(Bb)の添加量を0.75重量部とした以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、実施例4に係るシート状成形体を得た。
そして、実施例4に係るシート状成形体の光学的特性を、実施例1と同様に評価した。評価結果を表1に示す。
耐候性改良剤(Ba)の添加量を0.75重量部、(Bc)の添加量を0.75重量部とした以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、実施例5に係るシート状成形体を得た。
そして、実施例5に係るシート状成形体の光学的特性を、実施例1と同様に評価した。評価結果を表1に示す。
耐候性改良剤(Ba)の添加量を0.75重量部、(Bd)の添加量を0.75重量部とした以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、実施例6に係るシート状成形体を得た。
そして、実施例6に係るシート状成形体の光学的特性を、実施例1と同様に評価した。評価結果を表1に示す。
耐候性改良剤(Ba)の添加量を1.5重量部、(Bc)の添加量を0.25重量部、(Bd)の添加量を0.25重量部とした以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、実施例7に係るシート状成形体を得た。
そして、実施例7に係るシート状成形体の光学的特性を、実施例1と同様に評価した。評価結果を表1に示す。
耐候性改良剤(Bb)の添加量を0.75重量部、(Bc)の添加量を0.75重量部とした以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、実施例8に係るシート状成形体を得た。
そして、実施例8に係るシート状成形体の光学的特性を、実施例1と同様に評価した。評価結果を表1に示す。
耐候性改良剤(Bb)の添加量を0.01重量部、(Bc)の添加量を0.005重量部とした以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、実施例9に係るシート状成形体を得た。
そして、実施例9に係るシート状成形体の光学的特性を、実施例1と同様に評価した。評価結果を表1に示す。
耐候性改良剤(Bb)の添加量を2.25重量部、(Bc)の添加量を0.75重量部とした以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、実施例10に係るシート状成形体を得た。
そして、実施例10に係るシート状成形体の光学的特性を、実施例1と同様に評価した。評価結果を表1に示す。
耐候性改良剤(Bb)の添加量を0.75重量部、(Bd)の添加量を0.75重量部とした以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、実施例11に係るシート状成形体を得た。
そして、実施例11に係るシート状成形体の光学的特性を、実施例1と同様に評価した。評価結果を表1に示す。
耐候性改良剤(Bb)の添加量を1.5重量部、(Bc)の添加量を0.25重量部、(Bd)の添加量を0.25重量部とした以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、実施例12に係るシート状成形体を得た。
そして、実施例12に係るシート状成形体の光学的特性を、実施例1と同様に評価した。評価結果を表1に示す。
耐候性改良剤(B)を添加しなかった以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、比較例1に係るシート状成形体を得た。
そして、比較例1に係るシート状成形体の光学的特性を、実施例1と同様に評価した。評価結果を表1に示す。
耐候性改良剤(B)として(Bb)のみを用い、その添加量を0.75重量部とした以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、比較例2に係るシート状成形体を得た。
そして、比較例2に係るシート状成形体の光学的特性を、実施例1と同様に評価した。評価結果を表1に示す。
耐候性改良剤(B)として(Bc)のみを用い、その添加量を0.75重量部とした以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、比較例3に係るシート状成形体を得た。
そして、比較例3に係るシート状成形体の光学的特性を、実施例1と同様に評価した。評価結果を表1に示す。
耐候性改良剤(B)として(Bd)のみを用い、その添加量を0.75重量部とした以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、比較例4に係るシート状成形体を得た。
そして、比較例4に係るシート状成形体の光学的特性を、実施例1と同様に評価した。評価結果を表1に示す。
表1に示す結果より、複合タングステン酸化物微粒子1重量部に対して、本発明に係る耐候性改良剤である亜リン酸エステル化合物(添加形態B1)を、0.1~20重量部の範囲で添加して得られた実施例1~3に係る成形体は、成形時において優れた可視光透過率、日射透過率、ヘイズを示していた。そして、120℃空気浴中に30日間保持した後の光学特性も、可視光透過率、日射透過率、ヘイズとも変化がないことが判明した。
従って、耐候性改良剤としての亜リン酸エステル化合物(添加形態B1)は、複合タングステン酸化物微粒子を含有するポリカーボネート樹脂組成物が、太陽光を受けた際に発生する熱や空気中の水分、酸素の影響を受けた際の複合タングステン酸化物微粒子の耐候性劣化による経時的な赤外線遮蔽機能の低下を抑制していることが判明した。
この結果、耐候性改良剤として、亜リン酸エステル化合物と、ヒンダードフェノール系安定剤やリン酸系安定剤や硫黄系安定剤とを併用することが出来ることも判明した。
この結果、耐候性改良剤として、ヒンダードフェノール系安定剤と、リン酸系安定剤や硫黄系安定剤とを併用することが出来ることも判明した。
比較例1に係る成形体の初期光学特性は、優れた可視光透過率、日射透過率、ヘイズを示している。しかし、120℃空気浴中に30日間保持した後の光学特性は、日射透過率が大きく上昇し、可視光透過率も上昇しており、赤外線遮蔽性能が大きく劣化していることが判明した。
この結果より、ヒンダードフェノール系安定剤、リン酸系安定剤、硫黄系安定剤を単独で添加した場合は、複合タングステン酸化物微粒子を含有するポリカーボネート樹脂組成物が、太陽光を受けた際に発生する熱や空気中の水分、酸素の影響を受けた際の複合タングステン酸化物微粒子の耐候性劣化による経時的な赤外線遮蔽機能の低下を抑制することは、困難であると考えられる。
12:WO6を単位として形成される8面体が6個集合して形成される六角形の空隙(トンネル)中に配置されるM元素。
Claims (7)
- 複合タングステン酸化物微粒子(A)と、耐候性改良剤(B)と、ポリカーボネート樹脂(C)とを含むポリカーボネート樹脂組成物であって、
前記複合タングステン酸化物微粒子(A)が、一般式MxWOy(但し、M元素は、Cs、Rb、K、Tl、In、Ba、Li、Ca、Sr、Fe、Sn、Al、Cu、Naから選択される1種類以上の元素、Wはタングステン、Oは酸素、0.1≦x≦0.5、2.2≦y≦3.0)で表される複合タングステン酸化物微粒子であり、
前記耐候性改良剤(B)が、亜リン酸エステル化合物を含むもの(B1)、
または、亜リン酸エステル化合物と、ヒンダードフェノール系安定剤、リン酸系安定剤および硫黄系安定剤から選ばれる1種類以上とを含むもの(B2)、
または、ヒンダードフェノール系安定剤と、リン酸系安定剤、硫黄系安定剤から選ばれる1種類以上とを含むもの(B3)、のいずれかであり、
前記耐候性改良剤(B)の添加量が、前記複合タングステン酸化物微粒子(A)1重量部に対して、0.1重量部以上20重量部以下であることを特徴とするポリカーボネート樹脂組成物。 - 前記複合タングステン酸化物微粒子(A)の分散粒子径が、1nm以上200nm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のポリカーボネート樹脂組成物。
- 前記亜リン酸エステル化合物の構造が、一般式(3)で示されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のポリカーボネート樹脂組成物。
[但し、一般式(3)中、R1、R2、R4、およびR5は、それぞれ独立に水素原子、炭素数1~8のアルキル基、炭素数5~12のシクロアルキル基、炭素数5~12のアルキルシクロアルキル基、炭素数7~12のアラルキル基またはフェニル基を示す。
R3は、水素原子または炭素数1~8のアルキル基を示し、
Xは、単なる結合、硫黄原子または式(3-1)で示される2価の残基を示し、
(但し、式(3-1)中、R6は、水素原子、炭素数1~8のアルキル基または炭素数5~12のシクロアルキル基を示す。)
Aは炭素数2~8のアルキレン基または式(3-2)で示される2価の残基を示し、
(但し、式(3-2)中、R7は、単なる結合または炭素数1~8のアルキレン基を示し、*は、酸素原子側に結合していることを示す。)
Y、Zは、いずれか一方がヒドロキシル基、炭素数1~8のアルキル基、炭素数1~8のアルコキシル基または炭素数7~12のアラルキルオキシ基を示し、他の一方が水素原子または炭素数1~8のアルキル基を示す。] - 前記複合タングステン酸化物微粒子(A)を示す一般式MxWOyのM元素が、Cs、Rbから選ばれる1種以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のポリカーボネート樹脂組成物。
- 前記複合タングステン酸化物微粒子(A)が、六方晶であることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のポリカーボネート樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のポリカーボネート樹脂組成物と、ポリカーボネート樹脂(C)、または、ポリカーボネート樹脂(C)と相溶性を有する異種の熱可塑性樹脂との、溶融混練物の成形体であることを特徴とする熱線遮蔽成形体。
- 請求項6に記載の熱線遮蔽成形体が、他の透明成形体上に積層されていることを特徴とする熱線遮蔽積層体。
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TW201739890A (zh) | 2017-11-16 |
EP3409723A4 (en) | 2019-10-02 |
EP3409723B1 (en) | 2023-07-05 |
JPWO2017130492A1 (ja) | 2018-11-22 |
US20190040251A1 (en) | 2019-02-07 |
EP3409723A1 (en) | 2018-12-05 |
TWI723066B (zh) | 2021-04-01 |
US10676612B2 (en) | 2020-06-09 |
CN109071931A (zh) | 2018-12-21 |
JP6904262B2 (ja) | 2021-07-21 |
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