WO2017086452A1 - 粒子、接続材料及び接続構造体 - Google Patents
粒子、接続材料及び接続構造体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017086452A1 WO2017086452A1 PCT/JP2016/084307 JP2016084307W WO2017086452A1 WO 2017086452 A1 WO2017086452 A1 WO 2017086452A1 JP 2016084307 W JP2016084307 W JP 2016084307W WO 2017086452 A1 WO2017086452 A1 WO 2017086452A1
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- B22F7/064—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts using an intermediate powder layer
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- H01L2224/26—Layer connectors, e.g. plate connectors, solder or adhesive layers; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/28—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors prior to the connecting process
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a particle used for obtaining a connection material for forming a connection portion for connecting two connection target members. Moreover, this invention relates to the connection material and connection structure which used the said particle
- a member for fixing a semiconductor element is also one of electrodes of the semiconductor device.
- a fixing member (base material) connecting two connection target members serves as a collector electrode of the power transistor.
- the particle size of the metal particles is reduced to a size of 100 nm or less and the number of constituent atoms is reduced, the surface area ratio to the volume of the particles is rapidly increased, and the melting point or sintering temperature is greatly reduced as compared with the bulk state. It is known to do.
- a metal particle having an average particle diameter of 100 nm or less whose surface is coated with an organic material is used as a connection material, and the connection is made by decomposing the organic material by heating and sintering the metal particles.
- connection material for performing such connection is disclosed in, for example, Patent Document 1 below.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a connection material containing one or more metal particle precursors selected from metal oxide, metal carbonate, or carboxylate metal salt particles, and a reducing agent that is an organic substance.
- the average particle diameter of the metal particle precursor is 1 nm or more and 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the content of the metal particle precursor is more than 50 parts by mass and 99 parts by mass or less.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a composite material having (a) a thermally conductive metal having a melting point and (b) silicone particles. (B) Silicone particles are dispersed in (a) a thermally conductive metal.
- connection part which has connected two connection object members is exposed to a thermal cycle condition. Due to the thermal cycle, the connection target members such as the semiconductor wafer and the semiconductor chip are likely to warp, and as a result, the connection target member or the connection portion is likely to crack, and the connection target member is likely to be peeled off. With conventional connection materials, it is difficult to sufficiently suppress the occurrence of cracks and peeling.
- the distance between the two connection target members connected by the connection portion is uniform. For this reason, it is preferable that the variation in the thickness of the connecting portion is small. In the conventional connection material, it is difficult to control the interval between the two connection target members with high accuracy. In Patent Document 2, silicone particles are not used as gap control particles.
- the particles are used for obtaining a connection material that forms a connection part that connects two connection target members, and the particle has a thickness of the connection part after connection, before connection.
- the connecting portion Used to form the connecting portion so that the average particle diameter of the particles is 2 times or less, or the particles have an average particle diameter of 1 ⁇ m or more and 300 ⁇ m or less. , 30 N / mm 2 or more, having a 3000N / mm 2 or less of 10% K value, the particles have a CV value of the particle diameter of 10% or less, the particles are provided.
- grain forms the said connection part so that the thickness of the said connection part after a connection may be 2 times or less of the average particle diameter of the said particle
- the particle has an average particle diameter of 1 ⁇ m or more and 300 ⁇ m or less.
- the number of aggregated particles per 100 million particles is 100 or less.
- the particle has a thermal decomposition temperature of 200 ° C. or higher.
- the material of the particle includes a vinyl compound, a (meth) acryl compound, an ⁇ -olefin compound, a diene compound, or a silicone compound.
- the particle does not have a conductive portion on the outer surface portion.
- the particle includes a base particle and a conductive portion disposed on a surface of the base particle.
- the material of the conductive part includes nickel, gold, silver, copper, or tin.
- the particle is used to form the connection portion so that one particle touches both of the two connection target members.
- connection material that is used to form a connection portion that connects two connection target members and includes the above-described particles and resin or metal atom-containing particles.
- connection material includes the metal atom-containing particles, and the thermal decomposition temperature of the particles is higher than the melting point of the metal atom-containing particles.
- connection material includes the metal atom-containing particles, and the connection material is solidified after melting the metal atom-containing particles, whereby the connection portion is formed. Used to form.
- connection target member the second connection target member, the connection portion connecting the first connection target member, and the second connection target member;
- connection structure in which the material of the connection portion is the connection material described above.
- grains which concern on this invention are particle
- the particles are used to form the connection portion so that the thickness of the connection portion after connection is not more than twice the average particle diameter of the particles before connection.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing particles according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing particles according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing particles according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a front sectional view schematically showing a connection structure using particles according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- particle The particle
- the particles according to the present invention are (1) used to form the connection part so that the thickness of the connection part after connection is not more than twice the average particle diameter of the particle before connection, Alternatively, (2) the particles have an average particle diameter of 1 ⁇ m or more and 300 ⁇ m or less.
- the configuration (1) may be provided, the configuration (2) may be provided, and both the configuration (1) and the configuration (2) are provided. Also good.
- Particles according to the present invention 30 N / mm 2 or more, having a 3000N / mm 2 or less of 10% K value.
- the particles according to the present invention have a CV value with a particle size of 10% or less.
- connection portion that connects the two connection target members, occurrence of cracks or peeling of the connection target member in a cooling cycle can be suppressed. Variation in thickness can be suppressed and connection strength can be increased.
- the particles can act as a gap control material (gap control particles) in the connecting portion, and can particularly act as a gap control material (gap control particles) during a cooling / heating cycle.
- the particles according to the present invention may be used for (1) forming the connection part so that the thickness of the connection part after connection is not more than twice the average particle diameter of the particle before connection. preferable.
- the 10% K value is a compression elastic modulus when the particles are compressed by 10%.
- 10% K value of the particles 30 N / mm 2 or more and 3000N / mm 2 or less.
- the 10% K value is preferably 80 N / mm 2 or more, more preferably 300 N / mm 2 or more.
- 10% K value of the particles is preferably 2500N / mm 2 or less, more preferably 1500 N / mm 2 or less, More preferably, it is less than 980 N / mm 2 .
- the 10% K value of the above particles can be measured as follows.
- micro-compression tester particles are compressed under a condition that a smooth tester end face of a cylinder (diameter 50 ⁇ m, made of diamond) is loaded at 25 ° C. and a maximum test load of 20 mN over 60 seconds.
- the load value (N) and compression displacement (mm) at this time are measured.
- the 10% K value (compression modulus) can be obtained by the following formula.
- the micro compression tester for example, “Fischer Scope H-100” manufactured by Fischer is used.
- the coefficient of variation (CV value) of the particle diameter of the above particles is 10% or less. From the viewpoint of further suppressing the occurrence of cracks or delamination in the cooling and heating cycle, the CV value of the particle diameter of the particles is preferably 7% or less, more preferably 5% or less. The lower limit of the CV value of the particle diameter of the particles is not particularly limited. The CV value may be 0% or more.
- CV value (%) ( ⁇ / Dn) ⁇ 100 ⁇ : Standard deviation of particle diameter of particle Dn: Average value of particle diameter of particle
- the average particle size of the particles is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 300 ⁇ m or less. However, when the configuration (1) is provided, the average particle diameter of the particles may be less than 1 ⁇ m or may exceed 300 ⁇ m. The average particle diameter of the particles may exceed 15 ⁇ m, may exceed 20 ⁇ m, and may exceed 50 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter of the particles is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, and preferably 300 ⁇ m or less. From the viewpoint of exhibiting gap control characteristics and further suppressing the occurrence of cracks or peeling in a cooling cycle, the average particle size of the particles is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, and even more preferably 20 ⁇ m or more. is there.
- the average particle size of the particles is preferably 200 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 150 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 100 ⁇ m or less. is there.
- the average particle diameter of the particles is obtained by observing the particles with a scanning electron microscope and arithmetically averaging the maximum diameters of 50 arbitrarily selected particles in the observed image.
- one particle is used to form the connection portion so as to contact both of the two connection target members.
- one particle is in contact with one connection target member on one side and is in contact with one connection target member on the other side.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing particles according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the particle 1 is a particle that does not have a conductive portion.
- the particle 1 is, for example, a particle excluding metal particles.
- the particle 1 is, for example, a resin particle.
- the particle according to the present invention may not have a conductive part.
- the particles can be used without forming a conductive portion on the surface of the particles.
- grains which concern on this invention may have a base material particle and the electroconductive part arrange
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing particles according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the particle 11 shown in FIG. 2 is a conductive particle having a conductive portion.
- the particles 11 include base material particles 12 and conductive portions 13.
- the conductive portion 13 is disposed on the surface of the base particle 12.
- the conductive portion 13 is in contact with the surface of the base particle 12.
- the particle 11 is a coated particle in which the surface of the base particle 12 is covered with the conductive portion 13.
- the conductive portion 13 is a single-layer conductive portion (conductive layer).
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing particles according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the 3 is a conductive particle having a conductive portion.
- the particles 21 have base material particles 12 and conductive portions 22.
- the conductive part 22 as a whole has a first conductive part 22A on the base particle 12 side and a second conductive part 22B on the side opposite to the base particle 12 side.
- the particle 11 and the particle 21 are different only in the conductive part. That is, in the particle 11, the conductive portion 13 having a single layer structure is formed, whereas in the particle 21, the first conductive portion 22 ⁇ / b> A and the second conductive portion 22 ⁇ / b> B having a two layer structure are formed.
- the first conductive portion 22A and the second conductive portion 22B are formed as separate conductive portions.
- the conductive portion 22 is a multilayer conductive portion (conductive layer).
- the first conductive portion 22 ⁇ / b> A is disposed on the surface of the base particle 12.
- 22 A of 1st electroconductive parts are arrange
- the first conductive portion 22A is in contact with the base particle 12. Accordingly, the first conductive portion 22A is disposed on the surface of the base particle 12, and the second conductive portion 22B is disposed on the surface of the first conductive portion 22A.
- Particles 1, 11, 21 do not have protrusions on the outer surface.
- the particles 1, 11, 21 are spherical.
- the particles according to the present invention may not have protrusions on the outer surface, may not have protrusions on the outer surface of the conductive portion, and are spherical. Also good.
- the number of aggregated particles per 100 million particles is 100 or less.
- the agglomerated particles are particles in which one particle is in contact with at least one other particle.
- the number of aggregated particles per million particles is Nine.
- the aggregated particles are counted by using a microscope with a magnification set so that about 50,000 particles are observed in one visual field, and totaling 20 visual fields. For example, a method of measuring the number of aggregated particles.
- Examples of a method for setting the number of aggregated particles to 100 or less per 1 million particles include, for example, a method in which the particles are in the form of conductive particles having the above-described conductive parts, and particles are aggregated on the surface. Examples thereof include a method in which a continuous or discontinuous covering portion (covering layer) for suppression is provided and a method in which a crosslinkable compound is decorated on the surface of particles.
- Examples of the method for forming the continuous coating portion include a method of coating the particles with a resin having a hardness higher than that of the particles before the coating portion is formed.
- Examples of the resin that is the material of the covering portion include the same resins and hydrophilic resins as those of the particles A and the base particles described later.
- the resin that is the material of the covering portion is preferably divinylbenzene-styrene copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, or polyacrylic acid.
- Examples of the method for forming the discontinuous covering portion include a method in which fine particles are attached to the surface of the particles before the covering portion is formed, and the particles are covered.
- Examples of the fine particles that are the material of the covering portion include inorganic fine particles such as silica, titania, alumina, zirconia, magnesium oxide, and zinc oxide; resin fine particles; organic-inorganic hybrid fine particles.
- Examples of the method of decorating the surface of the particle with a crosslinkable compound include a method of reacting a plurality of hydroxyl groups present on the surface of the particle with a polyfunctional silane coupling agent or a polyfunctional carboxylic acid.
- the particles are not thermally decomposed at the connecting portion, the particles preferably have a thermal decomposition temperature of 200 ° C. or higher.
- the thermal decomposition temperature of the particles is preferably 220 ° C. or higher, more preferably 250 ° C. or higher, and still more preferably 300 ° C. or higher.
- the temperature which thermally decomposes first among the said base particle and the said electroconductive part be the thermal decomposition temperature of the said particle
- (meth) acryl means one or both of “acryl” and “methacryl”
- “(meth) acrylate” means one or both of “acrylate” and “methacrylate”.
- “(Meth) acryloyl” means one or both of “acryloyl” and “methacryloyl”. (Unsaturated) means either saturated or unsaturated.
- particle A a particle having no conductive part
- grains which concern on this invention may have a base material particle and the electroconductive part arrange
- the 10% K value of the particles can be adjusted by the state of the particles A and the base particles.
- the particles A and the substrate particles may not have pores, may have pores, may be single pores, or may be porous.
- the particles A and the base particles include resin particles, inorganic particles excluding metal particles, and organic-inorganic hybrid particles.
- the particle A and the base particle may be a core-shell particle including a core and a shell disposed on the surface of the core.
- the core may be an organic core.
- the shell may be an inorganic shell.
- Particles excluding metal particles are preferable, and resin particles, inorganic particles excluding metal particles, or organic-inorganic hybrid particles are more preferable.
- Resin particles or organic-inorganic hybrid particles are particularly preferred because they are more excellent due to the effects of the present invention.
- the particles A and the base particles are preferably resin particles.
- the resin include polyolefin, polyene, poly (meth) acrylic acid ester, and polysiloxane.
- the material for the particles A and the base particles examples include vinyl compounds, (meth) acrylic compounds, ⁇ -olefin compounds, diene compounds, silicone compounds, and epoxy compounds.
- the material of the particles A and the base particles is a vinyl compound, a (meth) acryl compound, an ⁇ -olefin compound, a diene compound, or a silicone compound. It is preferable that it is a vinyl compound, a (meth) acryl compound, a diene compound, or a silicone compound.
- the material of the particles is preferably a vinyl compound, a (meth) acryl compound, an ⁇ -olefin compound, a diene compound, or a silicone compound, and a vinyl compound, (meth) An acrylic compound, a diene compound, or a silicone compound is more preferable.
- the material of the base particles is preferably a vinyl compound, a (meth) acrylic compound, an ⁇ -olefin compound, a diene compound, or a silicone compound. , (Meth) acrylic compounds, diene compounds, or silicone compounds are more preferable.
- Examples of methods for obtaining the particles A and the base particles using the above materials include radical polymerization, ionic polymerization, coordination polymerization, ring-opening polymerization, isomerization polymerization, cyclopolymerization, elimination polymerization, polyaddition, and polycondensation. And methods such as addition condensation.
- the particles A and the base particles are obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group, from the viewpoint of improving heat resistance, as the polymerizable monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group
- a compound having a fluorene skeleton (hereinafter referred to as a fluorene compound) can be used as the polymerizable monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group.
- the fluorene skeleton may exist other than at the terminal, may exist at the terminal, or may exist in the side chain.
- fluorene compound examples include compounds having a bisarylfluorene skeleton.
- the compound having the bisarylfluorene skeleton is a compound in which two aryl groups are bonded to the five-membered ring of the fluorene skeleton.
- the aryl group may have a (meth) acryloyl group or a vinyl group.
- fluorene compound examples include a compound represented by the following formula (1).
- fluorene compounds examples include “Ogsol EA-0300” manufactured by Osaka Gas Chemical Company, and “9,9′-bis (4-allyloxyphenyl) fluorene” manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- a metathesis polymerizable compound such as a metathesis polymerizable monomer polymer and a metathesis polymerizable oligomer is preferably used.
- the metathesis polymerizable compound is obtained by ring-opening polymerization of the metathesis polymerizable compound in the presence of a catalyst, for example.
- the metathesis polymerizable compound has metathesis polymerization activity.
- the metathesis polymerizable compound is not particularly limited, but is preferably a cyclic unsaturated compound from the viewpoint of polymerization reaction activity.
- the metathesis polymerizable compound may be a functional group-containing compound.
- the functional group-containing compound include a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an amino group, an ester group, an acetoxy group, an alkoxy group, a halogen group, a carbonyl group, a mercapto group, an epoxy group, a silyl group, an oxazoline group, a sulfonic acid group, and a maleimide.
- compounds having functional groups such as a group, an azlactone group, and a vinyl group.
- the functional group in the functional group-containing compound may be a polar functional group or a nonpolar functional group.
- cyclic unsaturated compounds include monocyclic olefins such as cyclobutene, cyclopentene, cyclohexene, cyclooctene, and cyclooctadiene and derivatives thereof; 2-norbornene, 2,5-norbornadiene, 5-methyl-2-norbornene, 5 -Polycyclic olefins and derivatives thereof such as ethylidene-2-norbornene, 5-phenylnorbornene, dicyclopentadiene, dihydrodicyclopentadiene, tetracyclododecene, tricyclopentadiene, and tetracyclopentadiene; 2,3-dihydrofuran, exo-3,6-epoxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, 9-oxabicyclo [6.1.0] non-4-ene, exo-N-methyl-7-oxabi
- the metathesis polymerizable compound is preferably cyclooctadiene, 2-norbornene, dicyclopentadiene or a derivative thereof from the viewpoint of reactivity and cost.
- the catalyst used for the polymerization of the metathesis polymerizable compound is preferably an organometallic complex catalyst.
- a catalyst used for the polymerization of the metathesis polymerizable compound as the central metal, any one selected from Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os or Ir Metal-containing chlorides; alkylene complexes; vinylidene complexes; carbene complexes such as allenylidene; and metathesis-reactive complexes such as carbyne complexes.
- a catalyst in which the central metal is ruthenium (Ru) is preferred.
- the metathesis polymerizable compound can be polymerized by a known polymerization method.
- examples of a method of easily adjusting to a desired 10% K value include a method of performing a hydrogenation reaction after ring-opening polymerization at the time of synthesis.
- the method for the hydrogenation reaction is known.
- the hydrogenation reaction can be performed using a Wilkinson complex, cobalt acetate / triethylaluminum, nickel acetylacetate / triisobutylaluminum, palladium-carbon, ruthenium complex, ruthenium-carbon, nickel-diatomaceous earth, or the like.
- the condensate and the polymer examples include polyolefin resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyisobutylene, and polybutadiene; acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate and polymethyl acrylate; polyalkylene terephthalate , Polycarbonate, polyamide, phenol formaldehyde resin, melamine formaldehyde resin, benzoguanamine formaldehyde resin, urea formaldehyde resin, phenol resin, melamine resin, benzoguanamine resin, urea resin, epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, saturated polyester resin, polysulfone, polyphenylene oxide, Polyacetal, polyimide, polyamideimide, polyetheretherketo , Polyethersulfone, and polymers such as obtained by a variety of polymerizable monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group is polymerized with one or more thereof
- the resin for forming the resin particles is one or two polymerizable monomers having a plurality of ethylenically unsaturated groups.
- a polymer obtained by polymerizing more than one species is preferable.
- a polymerizable monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group is preferably used. If the polymerizable monomer which has the said ethylenically unsaturated group has an ethylenically unsaturated group, the molecular weight, the number of ethylenically unsaturated groups, etc. will not be specifically limited. Examples of the polymerizable monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group include non-crosslinkable monomers and crosslinkable monomers.
- non-crosslinkable monomer examples include, as vinyl compounds, styrene monomers such as styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, and chlorostyrene; vinyl ether compounds such as methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, and propyl vinyl ether; vinyl acetate, Acid vinyl ester compounds such as vinyl butyrate, vinyl laurate, vinyl stearate; halogen-containing monomers such as vinyl chloride and vinyl fluoride; methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, Propyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, lauryl (meth) acrylate, cetyl (meth) acrylate, stearyl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, Alkyl (meth) acrylate compounds such as bornyl (meth)
- Nitrile-containing monomers such as (meth) acrylonitrile
- Halogen-containing (meth) acrylate compounds such as trifluoromethyl (meth) acrylate and pentafluoroethyl (meth) acrylate
- ⁇ -olefin compounds such as diisobutylene and isobutylene Olefin compounds such as linearene, ethylene and propylene
- conjugated diene compounds include isoprene and butadiene.
- crosslinkable monomer examples include vinyl compounds such as divinylbenzene, 1,4-divinyloxybutane, divinylsulfone, and 9,9′-bis (4-allyloxyphenyl) fluorene as vinyl compounds.
- vinyl compounds such as divinylbenzene, 1,4-divinyloxybutane, divinylsulfone, and 9,9′-bis (4-allyloxyphenyl) fluorene as vinyl compounds.
- a (meth) acrylic compound tetramethylolmethane tetra (meth) acrylate, tetramethylolmethane tri (meth) acrylate, tetramethylolmethane di (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa (Meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate, glycerol tri (meth)
- cyclic siloxanes such as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
- modified (reactive) silicone oils such as one-end silicone oil, both-end silicone oil, and side-chain silicone oil
- acrylic acid, malee examples thereof include carboxyl group-containing monomers such as acid and maleic anhydride.
- the resin particles can be obtained by polymerizing the polymerizable monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group by a known method. Examples of this method include a method of suspension polymerization in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator, and a method of polymerizing by swelling a monomer together with a radical polymerization initiator using non-crosslinked seed particles.
- Polysiloxane is suitably used as the material for the particles A and the base particles.
- Polysiloxane is a polymer of a silane compound and is obtained by polymerization of a silane compound.
- silane compound examples include tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltriethoxysilane, isopropyltrimethoxysilane, isobutyltrimethoxysilane, cyclohexyltrimethoxysilane, n -Hexyltrimethoxysilane, n-octyltriethoxysilane, n-decyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, diisopropyldimethoxysilane, trimethoxysilylstyrene, ⁇ - (meth) acryloxy Sila such as propyltrimethoxysilane, 1,3-divinylte
- an ethylenically unsaturated group-containing polysiloxane can be used.
- Commercially available products of the above-mentioned ethylenically unsaturated group-containing polysiloxane include, for example, Silaplane FM-0711, Silaplane FM-0721, Silaplane FM-0725 manufactured by JNC; X-22-174DX manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.
- examples of the inorganic substance that is a material of the particles A and the base particles include silica and carbon black.
- the inorganic substance is preferably not a metal.
- the particles formed from the silica are not particularly limited. For example, after forming a crosslinked polymer particle by hydrolyzing a silicon compound having two or more hydrolyzable alkoxysilyl groups, firing may be performed as necessary. The particle
- examples of the organic / inorganic hybrid particles include organic / inorganic hybrid particles formed of a crosslinked alkoxysilyl polymer and an acrylic resin.
- the material of the conductive part is not particularly limited.
- the material of the conductive part preferably includes a metal.
- the metal include gold, silver, palladium, copper, platinum, zinc, iron, tin, lead, ruthenium, aluminum, cobalt, indium, nickel, chromium, titanium, antimony, bismuth, thallium, germanium, cadmium, and silicon. And alloys thereof.
- the metal include tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) and solder. Since the connection resistance can be further reduced, the material of the conductive part preferably contains nickel, gold, silver, copper, or tin.
- the conductive part may be formed of one layer.
- the conductive part may be formed of a plurality of layers.
- the method for forming the conductive portion on the surface of the substrate particle is not particularly limited.
- a method for forming the conductive portion for example, a method by electroless plating, a method by electroplating, a method by physical vapor deposition, and a method of coating the surface of base particles with metal powder or a paste containing metal powder and a binder Etc. Since formation of the conductive part is simple, a method by electroless plating is preferred.
- Examples of the method by physical vapor deposition include methods such as vacuum vapor deposition, ion plating, and ion sputtering.
- the thickness of the conductive part is preferably 0.5 nm or more, more preferably 10 nm or more, preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 500 nm or less, particularly preferably 300 nm. It is as follows.
- the thickness of the conductive portion is the thickness of the entire conductive layer when the conductive portion is a multilayer. When the thickness of the conductive part is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the above upper limit, sufficient conductivity can be obtained and the particles do not become too hard.
- metal fine particles that act with the sintering accelerator examples include metal fine particles such as gold, silver, tin, copper, germanium, indium, palladium, and zinc.
- metal microparticle only 1 type may be used and 2 or more types may be used together.
- the metal fine particles may be an alloy of two or more metals. In this case, the sintered body composed of the metal fine particle-arranged particles and the metal atom-containing particles is more easily contacted, and the adhesion is improved.
- the metal fine particles are added to the particle dispersion, and the metal fine particles are accumulated on the surface of the particles by van der Waals force and adhered.
- Examples of the flux that acts as a sintering accelerator include resin flux, organic flux, and inorganic flux.
- the resin flux include rosin mainly composed of abietic acid, parastrinic acid, dehydroabietic acid, isopimaric acid, neoabietic acid, and pimaric acid.
- Examples of the organic flux include aliphatic carboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids.
- Examples of the inorganic flux include halides such as ammonium bromide and ammonium chloride. Only 1 type may be used for a flux and 2 or more types may be used together.
- the flux component placed on the surface of the particle removes the oxide film on the surface of the metal atom-containing particle, promotes the sintering reaction on the surface of the particle, makes the particle and the sintered body easier to contact, and adheres Improves.
- connection material which concerns on this invention is used in order to form the connection part which connects two connection object members.
- the connection material according to the present invention includes the above-described particles and resin or metal atom-containing particles.
- the connection material includes at least one of the resin and the metal atom-containing particles.
- the connection material preferably includes the metal atom-containing particles.
- the connection material according to the present invention is preferably used for forming the connection portion by solidifying the metal atom-containing particles after melting.
- the metal atom-containing particles do not include particles according to the present invention.
- the thermal decomposition temperature of the particles is higher than the melting point of the metal atom-containing particles.
- the thermal decomposition temperature of the particles is preferably 10 ° C. or higher, more preferably 30 ° C. or higher, and most preferably 50 ° C. or higher than the melting point of the metal atom-containing particles.
- the metal atom-containing particles include metal particles and metal compound particles.
- the metal compound particle includes a metal atom and an atom other than the metal atom.
- Specific examples of the metal compound particles include metal oxide particles, metal carbonate particles, metal carboxylate particles, and metal complex particles.
- the metal compound particles are preferably metal oxide particles.
- the metal oxide particles are sintered after becoming metal particles by heating at the time of connection in the presence of a reducing agent.
- the metal oxide particles are metal particle precursors.
- the metal carboxylate particles include metal acetate particles.
- the metal constituting the metal particle and the metal oxide particle examples include silver, copper, and gold. Silver or copper is preferred, and silver is particularly preferred. Therefore, the metal particles are preferably silver particles or copper particles, and more preferably silver particles.
- the metal oxide particles are preferably silver oxide particles or copper oxide particles, and more preferably silver oxide particles. When silver particles and silver oxide particles are used, there are few residues after connection and the volume reduction rate is very small. Examples of the silver oxide in the silver oxide particles include Ag 2 O and AgO.
- the average particle diameter of the metal atom-containing particles is preferably 10 nm or more and 10 ⁇ m or less. Moreover, it is preferable to have 2 or more types of metal atom containing particle
- the average particle diameter of the metal atom-containing particles having a small average particle diameter is preferably 10 nm or more, and preferably 100 nm or less.
- the average particle size of the metal atom-containing particles having a large average particle size is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, and preferably 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the ratio of the compounding amount of the metal atom-containing particles having a small average particle size to the metal atom-containing particles having a large average particle size is preferably 1/9 or more and 9 or less.
- the average particle diameter of the metal atom-containing particles is determined by observing the metal atom-containing particles with a scanning electron microscope and arithmetically averaging the maximum diameters of 50 arbitrarily selected particles in the observed image. It is done.
- the metal atom-containing particles are preferably sintered by heating at less than 400 ° C.
- the temperature at which the metal atom-containing particles are sintered (sintering temperature) is more preferably 350 ° C. or lower, and preferably 300 ° C. or higher.
- sintering temperature is more preferably 350 ° C. or lower, and preferably 300 ° C. or higher.
- a reducing agent is used when the metal atom-containing particles are metal oxide particles.
- the reducing agent include alcohol compounds (compounds having an alcoholic hydroxyl group), carboxylic acid compounds (compounds having a carboxy group), amine compounds (compounds having an amino group), and the like.
- the said reducing agent only 1 type may be used and 2 or more types may be used together.
- the alcohol compound examples include alkyl alcohols. Specific examples of the alcohol compound include, for example, ethanol, propanol, butyl alcohol, pentyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, heptyl alcohol, octyl alcohol, nonyl alcohol, decyl alcohol, undecyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, tridecyl alcohol, tetradecyl alcohol. , Pentadecyl alcohol, hexadecyl alcohol, heptadecyl alcohol, octadecyl alcohol, nonadecyl alcohol and icosyl alcohol.
- the alcohol compound is not limited to a primary alcohol type compound, but a secondary alcohol type compound, a tertiary alcohol type compound, an alkanediol, and an alcohol compound having a cyclic structure can also be used. Furthermore, as the alcohol compound, a compound having a large number of alcohol groups such as ethylene glycol and triethylene glycol may be used. Moreover, you may use compounds, such as a citric acid, ascorbic acid, and glucose, as said alcohol compound.
- Examples of the carboxylic acid compound include alkyl carboxylic acids.
- Specific examples of the carboxylic acid compound include butanoic acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tridecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, heptadecane.
- Examples include acids, octadecanoic acid, nonadecanoic acid and icosanoic acid.
- the carboxylic acid compound is not limited to a primary carboxylic acid type compound, and a secondary carboxylic acid type compound, a tertiary carboxylic acid type compound, a dicarboxylic acid, and a carboxyl compound having a cyclic structure can also be used.
- Examples of the amine compound include alkylamines. Specific examples of the amine compound include butylamine, pentylamine, hexylamine, heptylamine, octylamine, nonylamine, decylamine, undecylamine, dodecylamine, tridecylamine, tetradecylamine, pentadecylamine, hexadecylamine, Examples include heptadecylamine, octadecylamine, nonadecylamine and icodecylamine.
- the amine compound may have a branched structure.
- Examples of the amine compound having a branched structure include 2-ethylhexylamine and 1,5-dimethylhexylamine.
- the amine compound is not limited to a primary amine type compound, and a secondary amine type compound, a tertiary amine type compound, and an amine compound having a cyclic structure can also be used.
- the reducing agent may be an organic substance having an aldehyde group, an ester group, a sulfonyl group, or a ketone group, or an organic substance such as a carboxylic acid metal salt. While the carboxylic acid metal salt is used as a precursor of metal particles, it also contains an organic substance, so that it is also used as a reducing agent for metal oxide particles.
- the content of the reducing agent is preferably 1 part by weight or more, more preferably 10 parts by weight or more, preferably 1000 parts by weight or less, more preferably 500 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the metal oxide particles. Hereinafter, it is more preferably 100 parts by weight or less.
- the content of the reducing agent is not less than the above lower limit, the metal atom-containing particles can be sintered more densely. As a result, heat dissipation and heat resistance at the connection portion are also increased.
- connection temperature the sintering temperature of the metal atom-containing particles
- the particles tend to aggregate at the time of connection and voids are likely to occur at the connection part.
- the carboxylic acid metal salt By using the carboxylic acid metal salt, the carboxylic acid metal salt is not melted by heating at the time of connection.
- a metal compound containing an organic substance may be used as the reducing agent.
- the connection material according to the present invention preferably contains a resin.
- the resin is not particularly limited.
- the resin preferably includes a thermoplastic resin or a curable resin, and more preferably includes a curable resin.
- the curable resin include a photocurable resin and a thermosetting resin.
- the photocurable resin preferably contains a photocurable resin and a photopolymerization initiator.
- the thermosetting resin preferably contains a thermosetting resin and a thermosetting agent.
- the resin include vinyl resins, thermoplastic resins, curable resins, thermoplastic block copolymers, and elastomers. As for the said resin, only 1 type may be used and 2 or more types may be used together.
- Examples of the vinyl resin include vinyl acetate resin, acrylic resin, and styrene resin.
- examples of the thermoplastic resin include polyolefin resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and polyamide resin.
- examples of the curable resin include an epoxy resin, a urethane resin, a polyimide resin, and an unsaturated polyester resin.
- the curable resin may be a room temperature curable resin, a thermosetting resin, a photocurable resin, or a moisture curable resin.
- thermoplastic block copolymer examples include a styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer, a styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer, a hydrogenated product of a styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer, and a styrene-isoprene. -Hydrogenated products of styrene block copolymers.
- the elastomer examples include styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber and acrylonitrile-styrene block copolymer rubber.
- connection material according to the present invention preferably contains an epoxy resin.
- the content of the metal atom-containing particles in the connection material is the same as that of the particles according to the present invention.
- the content is preferably larger than the content, more preferably 10% by weight or more, still more preferably 20% by weight or more.
- the content of the particles according to the present invention is preferably 0.1% by weight or more, more preferably 1% by weight or more, and preferably 20% by weight or less. Preferably it is 10 weight% or less.
- the content of the particles is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the above upper limit, the occurrence of cracks or peeling in the cooling / heating cycle is further suppressed.
- the dispersant is removed by volatilization.
- the content of the metal atom-containing particles is preferably 70% by weight or more, more preferably 80% by weight, in 100% by weight of the component excluding the dispersant of the connection material. It is above, Preferably it is 98 weight% or less, More preferably, it is 95 weight% or less.
- the content of the metal atom-containing particles is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the above upper limit, the connection resistance is further lowered.
- the content of the resin is preferably 1% by weight or more, more preferably 5% by weight or more, preferably 20% by weight, in 100% by weight of the component excluding the dispersant of the connection material. % By weight or less, more preferably 15% by weight or less.
- the content of the resin is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the above upper limit, the occurrence of cracks or peeling in the cooling / heating cycle is further suppressed.
- connection structure includes a first connection target member, a second connection target member, and a connection portion connecting the first and second connection target members.
- connection portion is formed of the connection material.
- the material of the connection part is the connection material.
- FIG. 4 is a front cross-sectional view schematically showing a connection structure using particles according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- connection target member 52 includes a first connection target member 52, a second connection target member 53, and a connection portion 54 that connects the first and second connection target members 52 and 53.
- connection structure 51 prepare.
- the particles 11 shown in FIG. 2 are used.
- one particle 11 is in contact with both the two first and second connection target members 52 and 53. All the particles 11 may not be in contact with both the first and second connection target members 52 and 53.
- the connection portion 54 includes particles 11, stress relaxation particles 61, and metal connection portions 62.
- One stress relaxation particle 61 is not in contact with both the first and second connection target members 52 and 53.
- the metal connection part 62 is formed by melting and solidifying the metal atom-containing particles.
- the metal connection part 62 is a molten solidified product of metal atom-containing particles.
- the stress relaxation particles 61 may not be used.
- connection material is disposed between the first connection target member and the second connection target member to obtain a laminate, and then the laminate is heated. And a method of applying pressure.
- connection target member examples include electronic components such as semiconductor chips, capacitors, and diodes, and electronic components such as printed boards, flexible printed boards, glass epoxy boards, and glass boards.
- the connection target member is preferably an electronic component.
- connection target member and the second connection target member is a semiconductor wafer or a semiconductor chip.
- the connection structure is preferably a semiconductor device.
- the first connection object member may have a first electrode on the surface.
- the second connection target member may have a second electrode on the surface.
- the electrode provided on the connection target member include metal electrodes such as a gold electrode, a nickel electrode, a tin electrode, an aluminum electrode, a copper electrode, a silver electrode, a titanium electrode, a molybdenum electrode, and a tungsten electrode.
- the electrode is preferably a gold electrode, a nickel electrode, a titanium electrode, a tin electrode, or a copper electrode.
- the connection target member is a glass substrate, the electrode is preferably an aluminum electrode, a titanium electrode, a copper electrode, a molybdenum electrode, or a tungsten electrode.
- the electrode formed only with aluminum may be sufficient and the electrode by which the aluminum layer was laminated
- the material for the metal oxide layer include indium oxide doped with a trivalent metal element and zinc oxide doped with a trivalent metal element.
- the trivalent metal element include Sn, Al, and Ga.
- Silver particles (average particle size 50 nm, average particle size 5 ⁇ m)
- Silver oxide particles (average particle size 50 nm, average particle size 5 ⁇ m)
- Copper particles (average particle size 50 nm, average particle size 5 ⁇ m)
- Epoxy resin (“EX-201" manufactured by Nagase Sangyo Co., Ltd.)
- Example 1 Preparation of silicone oligomer A 100 ml separable flask placed in a hot tub was charged with 1 part by weight of 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane (amount in the table) and 0.5% by weight p- 20 parts by weight of an aqueous toluenesulfonic acid solution was added. After stirring at 40 ° C. for 1 hour, 0.05 part by weight of sodium bicarbonate was added. Thereafter, 30 parts by weight of dimethyldimethoxysilane (amount to be weight percent in the table) and 30 parts by weight of methylvinyldimethoxysilane (amount to be weight percent in the table) were added and stirred for 1 hour.
- aqueous solution B was prepared by mixing 80 parts by weight of a 5% by weight aqueous solution of “GOHSENOL GH-20”).
- the aqueous solution B was added. Then, emulsification was performed by using a Shirasu Porous Glass (SPG) membrane (pore average diameter (SPG pore diameter) 20 ⁇ m). Then, it heated up to 85 degreeC and superposition
- SPG Shirasu Porous Glass
- connection material 49.5 parts by weight of silver particles having an average particle diameter of 50 nm, 49.5 parts by weight (amount of weight% in the table) of silver particles having an average particle diameter of 5 ⁇ m, and the above particles 1 part by weight of X (amount to be weight% in the table) and 40 parts by weight of toluene as a solvent were blended and mixed to obtain a connection material.
- a power semiconductor element was prepared as a first connection target member.
- An aluminum nitride substrate was prepared as the second connection target member.
- connection material On the second connection target member, the connection material was applied to a thickness of about 30 ⁇ m to form a connection material layer. Then, the said 1st connection object member was laminated
- Examples 2 to 9, 15 to 21, 24 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 The silicone monomers used for the production of the silicone oligomer were changed as shown in Tables 1 and 2, the SPG pore diameter was changed as shown in Tables 1 and 2 below, and the composition of the particles and the connection material was shown in Tables 1 and 2 A particle X, a connection material, and a connection structure were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the changes were made as shown in FIG.
- Example 25 Dispersion C of Example 1 was prepared.
- methyltrimethoxysilane (“KBM-13” manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) with respect to 100 parts by weight of the particles in dispersion C, and an aqueous ammonia solution in an amount such that the concentration of ammonia after addition is 1% by weight was added and stirred at room temperature for 24 hours, and then washed with water to obtain base particles.
- Particle X was obtained by classifying the obtained base material particles.
- connection material and a connection structure were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the obtained particle X was used.
- Example 10 Preparation of isoprene particles: A solution A was prepared by dissolving 90 parts by weight of isoprene as a monomer, 10 parts by weight of DVB570, and 1 part by weight of benzoyl peroxide (“NIPER BW” manufactured by NOF Corporation) as a polymerization initiator.
- NIPER BW benzoyl peroxide
- aqueous solution B 200 parts by weight of a 5% by weight aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (degree of polymerization: about 2000, degree of saponification: 86.5 to 89% by mole, “GOHSENOL GL-03” manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Co., Ltd.) in 800 parts by weight of ion-exchanged water.
- aqueous solution B 200 parts by weight of a 5% by weight aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (degree of polymerization: about 2000, degree of saponification: 86.5 to 89% by mole, “GOHSENOL GL-03” manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Chemical Co., Ltd.) in 800 parts by weight of ion-exchanged water.
- the aqueous solution B was added. Then, emulsification was performed using a Shirasu Porous Glass (SPG) membrane (pore average diameter of about 20 ⁇ m). Then, it heated up at 90 degreeC and superposition
- SPG Shirasu Porous Glass
- connection material and a connection structure were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the obtained particle X was used.
- Example 11 to 14 A particle X, a connection material, and a connection structure were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the configurations of the particles and the connection material were changed as shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- Example 22 Preparation of fluorene particles: 100 parts by weight of fluorene monomer (“Ogsol EA-0300” manufactured by Osaka Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 1 part by weight of a polymerization initiator, tert-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate (“Perbutyl O” manufactured by NOF Corporation) Dissolving solution A in which was dissolved was prepared.
- a particle X, a connection material, and a connection structure were produced in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the solution A of Example 10 was changed to the obtained solution A.
- Cy represents a cyclohexyl group.
- Metathesis polymerization reaction A solution prepared by dissolving 304 mg of the compound represented by the formula (2) (1/10000 molar equivalent of dicyclopentadiene (“DCPD” manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)) in 30 mL of toluene was prepared. This solution, a catalyst solution to which 25 g of allyl acetate was added, and 10 mL of toluene for lowering the freezing point were added to and mixed with 500 g of dicyclopentadiene (“DCPD” manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.). Into a 5 L separable flask containing 1.5 kg of distilled water.
- DCPD dicyclopentadiene
- the mixture was stirred at 300 rpm, and the reaction was started at 30 ° C. Three hours after the start of the reaction, it was confirmed that a polymer was obtained, the reaction was stopped by adding ethyl vinyl ether, the precipitated solid was filtered off, and washed twice with 750 mL of methanol. The obtained particles were dispersed in 500 mL of acetone, and after classification, vacuum-dried to obtain particles X.
- connection material and a connection structure were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the obtained particle X was used.
- Example 26 The particle X of Example 1 was prepared.
- connection material and a connection structure were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the obtained particle X was used.
- Example 27 The particle X of Example 1 was prepared.
- particles X After adding 10 parts by weight of particles X to 100 parts by weight of an aqueous solution containing 5% by weight of silver nanocolloid solution and dispersing with an ultrasonic disperser, 100 parts by weight of 1% by weight of dimethylamine borane solution is slowly added, Silver nanocolloid adsorbed on the surface of the particles was reduced and deposited. Thereafter, the particles were taken out by filtration, washed with water, and dried to obtain particles having metal silver fine particles arranged on the surface (referred to as particles X of Example 27).
- connection material and a connection structure were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the obtained particle X was used.
- Thermal decomposition temperature Using a differential thermal thermogravimetric simultaneous measurement device “TG-DTA6300” manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Co., Ltd., 10 mg of particles at 30 ° C. to 800 ° C. (heating rate 5 ° C./min) in an air atmosphere The temperature at which the weight of the particles decreased by 5% when heated was defined as the thermal decomposition temperature.
- Thickness variation The edge part of the obtained connection structure was observed with SEM, and the minimum thickness and the maximum thickness of the joint part were evaluated. The thickness variation was determined according to the following criteria.
- connection strength Solid copper frame and PPF Ni-Pd / Au plated copper frame
- resin paste for semiconductor And cured 200 ° C. for 60 minutes.
- the connection strength (shear strength) at 260 ° C. was measured using a mount strength measuring device.
- Shear strength is 200 N / cm 2 or more ⁇ : Shear strength is 150 N / cm 2 or more and less than 200 N / cm 2 ⁇ : Shear strength is 100 N / cm 2 or more and less than 150 N / cm 2 ⁇ : Shear strength is 100 N / less than cm 2
- connection reliability The obtained connection structure was heated from ⁇ 65 ° C. to 150 ° C. and cooled to ⁇ 65 ° C., and a cooling cycle test was performed for 1000 cycles. The presence or absence of cracks and peeling was observed with an ultrasonic flaw detector (SAT). From the occurrence of cracks or peeling, the thermal cycle characteristics were determined according to the following criteria.
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Abstract
Description
本発明に係る粒子は、2つの接続対象部材を接続する接続部を形成する接続材料を得るために用いられる粒子である。
F:粒子が10%圧縮変形したときの荷重値(N)
S:粒子が10%圧縮変形したときの圧縮変位(mm)
R:粒子の半径(mm)
ρ:粒子の粒子径の標準偏差
Dn:粒子の粒子径の平均値
本発明に係る粒子において、導電部を有さない粒子を、粒子Aと呼ぶ。本発明に係る粒子は、基材粒子と、該基材粒子の表面上に配置された導電部とを有していてもよい。
上記導電部の材料は特に限定されない。上記導電部の材料は、金属を含むことが好ましい。該金属としては、例えば、金、銀、パラジウム、銅、白金、亜鉛、鉄、錫、鉛、ルテニウム、アルミニウム、コバルト、インジウム、ニッケル、クロム、チタン、アンチモン、ビスマス、タリウム、ゲルマニウム、カドミウム、ケイ素及びこれらの合金等が挙げられる。また、上記金属としては、錫ドープ酸化インジウム(ITO)及びはんだ等が挙げられる。接続抵抗をより一層低くすることができるので、上記導電部の材料は、ニッケル、金、銀、銅、又は錫を含むことが好ましい。
後述する接続構造体を作製する場合等に、後述する金属原子含有粒子との密着性を向上させることを目的として、粒子の表面に、金属原子含有粒子が金属拡散しやすい金属微粒子を焼結促進剤として配置する方法、及び粒子の表面に、フラックスを焼結促進剤として配置する方法を採用してもよい。上記粒子は、金属微粒子を有していてもよく、フラックスを有していてもよい。
本発明に係る接続材料は、2つの接続対象部材を接続する接続部を形成するために用いられる。本発明に係る接続材料は、上述した粒子と、樹脂又は金属原子含有粒子とを含む。この場合に、上記接続材料は、上記樹脂及び上記金属原子含有粒子の内の少なくとも一方を含む。上記接続材料は、上記金属原子含有粒子を含むことが好ましい。本発明に係る接続材料は、金属原子含有粒子を溶融させた後に固化させることで、上記接続部を形成するために用いられることが好ましい。上記金属原子含有粒子には、本発明に係る粒子は含まれない。
本発明に係る接続構造体は、第1の接続対象部材と、第2の接続対象部材と、第1,第2の接続対象部材を接続している接続部とを備える。本発明に係る接続構造体では、上記接続部が、上記接続材料により形成されている。上記接続部の材料が、上記接続材料である。
1,3-ジビニルテトラメチルジシロキサン(東京化成工業社製)
ジメチルジメトキシシラン(信越化学工業社製「KBM-22」)
メチルビニルジメトキシシラン(東京化成工業社製)
メチルフェニルジメトキシシラン(東京化成工業社製)
メチルトリメトキシシラン(信越化学工業社製「KBM-13」)
イソプレン(和光純薬工業社製)
ジビニルベンゼン(新日鐵住金化学社製「DVB960」)
ポリテトラメチレングリコールジアクリレート(共栄社化学社製「ライトアクリレートPTMGA-250」)
1,4-ブタンジオールビニルエーテル(日本カーバイド工業社製「BDVE」)
ジイソブチレン(和光純薬工業社製)
フルオレンモノマー(大阪ガスケミカル社製「オグソールEA-0300」)
ジシクロペンタジエン(東京化成工業社製「DCPD」)
銀粒子(平均粒子径50nm、平均粒子径5μm)
酸化銀粒子(平均粒子径50nm、平均粒子径5μm))
銅粒子(平均粒子径50nm、平均粒子径5μm)
エポキシ樹脂(長瀬産業社製「EX-201」)
(1)シリコーンオリゴマーの作製
温浴槽内に設置した100mlのセパラブルフラスコに、1,3-ジビニルテトラメチルジシロキサン1重量部(表の重量%となる量)と、0.5重量%p-トルエンスルホン酸水溶液20重量部とを入れた。40℃で1時間撹拌した後、炭酸水素ナトリウム0.05重量部を添加した。その後、ジメチルジメトキシシラン30重量部(表の重量%となる量)、メチルビニルジメトキシシラン30重量部(表の重量%となる量)を添加し、1時間撹拌を行った。その後、10重量%水酸化カリウム水溶液1.9重量部を添加して、85℃まで昇温してアスピレーターで減圧しながら、10時間撹拌し、反応を行った。反応終了後、常圧に戻し40℃まで冷却して、酢酸0.2重量部を添加し、12時間以上分液漏斗内で静置した。二層分離後の下層を取り出して、エバポレーターにて精製することでシリコーンオリゴマーを得た。
得られたシリコーンオリゴマー30重量部に、tert-ブチル-2-エチルペルオキシヘキサノアート(重合開始剤、日油社製「パーブチルO」)0.5重量部を溶解させた溶解液Aを用意した。また、イオン交換水150重量部に、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテル(乳化剤)0.8重量部とポリビニルアルコール(重合度:約2000、けん化度:86.5~89モル%、日本合成化学社製「ゴーセノールGH-20」)の5重量%水溶液80重量部とを混合して、水溶液Bを用意した。
平均粒子径50nmである銀粒子を49.5重量部と、平均粒子径5μmである銀粒子を49.5重量部(表の重量%となる量)と、上記粒子Xを1重量部(表の重量%となる量)と、溶媒であるトルエン40重量部とを配合し、混合して、接続材料を得た。
第1の接続対象部材として、パワー半導体素子を用意した。第2の接続対象部材として、窒化アルミニウム基板を用意した。
シリコーンオリゴマーの作製に用いたシリコーンモノマーを表1,2に示すように変更したこと、SPG孔径を下記の表1,2に示すように変更したこと、並びに粒子及び接続材料の構成を表1,2に示すように変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、粒子X、接続材料及び接続構造体を作製した。
実施例1の分散液Cを用意した。
イソプレン粒子の作製:
モノマーとしてイソプレン90重量部、DVB570を10重量部、及び重合開始剤として過酸化ベンゾイル(日油社製「ナイパーBW」)1重量部を溶解させた溶解液Aを用意した。
粒子及び接続材料の構成を表1,2に示すように変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、粒子X、接続材料及び接続構造体を作製した。
フルオレン粒子の作製:
フルオレンモノマー(大阪ガスケミカル社製「オグソールEA-0300」)100重量部と、重合開始剤であるtert-ブチルペルオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノアート(日油社製「パーブチルO」)1重量部とを溶解させた溶解液Aを用意した。実施例10の溶解液Aを、得られた溶解液Aに変更したこと以外は実施例10と同様にして、粒子X、接続材料及び接続構造体を作製した。
ROMP(開環メタセシス重合)粒子の作製:
ルウテニウムビニリデン錯体化合物(式(2)で表される化合物)の合成
ジクロロシメンルテニウム(東京化成工業社製「Ru(p-cymene)Cl2」)5.57g(9.1mmol)と、トリシクロヘキシルホスフィン(東京化成工業社製「PCy3」)18.2mmolと、t-ブチルアセチレン9.1mmolと、トルエン150mlとを、300mlのフラスコ中に入れ、窒素気流下、80℃で7時間反応させた。反応終了後、トルエンを減圧により除去し、テトラヒドロフラン/エタノールにて再結晶を行うことにより、下記式(2)で表される化合物を得た。
式(2)で表される化合物304mg(ジシクロペンタジエン(東京化成工業社製「DCPD」)の1/10000モル当量)をトルエン30mLに溶解させた溶液を用意した。この溶液と、アリルアセテート25gを加えた触媒溶液と、凝固点降下のためのトルエン10mLとを、ジシクロペンタジエン(東京化成工業社製「DCPD」)500gに加えて混合し、得られた混合液を、蒸留水1.5kgが入った5Lのセパラブルフラスコに入れた。
実施例1の粒子Xを用意した。
実施例1の粒子Xを用意した。
(1)10%K値
フィッシャー社製「フィッシャースコープH-100」を用いて、粒子の10%K値を測定した。導電性粒子に関しては、導電部を有する粒子の10%K値を測定した。
粒子を走査型電子顕微鏡で観察し、観察された画像における任意に選択した50個の各粒子の最大径を算術平均することにより、粒子の平均粒子径を求めた。導電性粒子に関しては、導電部を有する粒子の平均粒子径を測定した。
導電部を有する粒子に関しては、任意の50個の粒子の断面を観察することにより、粒子の導電部の厚みを求めた。
粒子を走査型電子顕微鏡で観察し、観察された画像における任意に選択した50個の各粒子の粒子径の標準偏差を求め、上述した式により粒子の粒子径のCV値を求めた。導電性粒子に関しては、導電部を有する粒子の粒子径のCV値を測定した。
日立ハイテック社製示差熱熱重量同時測定装置「TG-DTA6300」を用い、大気雰囲気下中にて、粒子10mgを30℃~800℃(昇温速度5℃/min)で加熱した際、粒子の重量が5%低下した温度を熱分解温度とした。
光学顕微鏡(Nikon ECLIPSE社製「ME600」)を用いて、粒子の凝集状態を評価した。粒子の凝集状態を以下の基準で判定した。
A:粒子100万個あたり、凝集している粒子の数が100個以下
B:粒子100万個あたり、凝集している粒子の数が100個を超える
得られた接続構造体の端部をSEMで観察し、接合部の最小厚みと最大厚みとを評価した。厚みばらつきを以下の基準で判定した。
○○:最大厚みが最小厚みの1.2倍未満
○:最大厚みが最小厚みの1.2倍以上、1.5倍未満
△:最大厚みが最小厚みの1.5倍以上、2倍未満
×:最大厚みが最小厚みの2倍未満
4mm×4mmのシリコンチップ及び接合面に金蒸着層を設けた裏面金チップを、半導体用樹脂ペーストを用いて、無垢の銅フレーム及びPPF(Ni-Pd/Auめっきした銅フレーム)にマウントし、200℃、60分で硬化した。硬化及び吸湿処理(85℃、相対湿度85%、72時間)後、マウント強度測定装置を用い、260℃での接続強度(シェア強度)を測定した。
○○:シェア強度が200N/cm2以上
○:シェア強度が150N/cm2以上、200N/cm2未満
△:シェア強度が100N/cm2以上、150N/cm2未満
×:シェア強度が100N/cm2未満
得られた接続構造体を-65℃から150℃に加熱し、-65℃に冷却する過程を1サイクルとする冷熱サイクル試験を1000サイクル実施した。超音波探傷装置(SAT)により、クラック及び剥離の発生の有無を観察した。クラック又は剥離の発生から冷熱サイクル特性を以下の基準で判定した。
○○:クラック及び剥離ありの数が5サンプル中0個
○:クラック及び剥離ありの数が5サンプル中1~2個
△:クラック及び剥離ありの数が5サンプル中3個
×:クラック及び剥離ありの数が5サンプル中4~5個
11…粒子(導電性粒子)
12…基材粒子
13…導電部
21…粒子(導電性粒子)
22…導電部
22A…第1の導電部
22B…第2の導電部
51…接続構造体
52…第1の接続対象部材
53…第2の接続対象部材
54…接続部
61…応力緩和粒子
62…金属接続部
Claims (14)
- 2つの接続対象部材を接続する接続部を形成する接続材料を得るために用いられる粒子であり、
前記粒子は、接続後の前記接続部の厚みが、接続前の前記粒子の平均粒子径の2倍以下となるように、前記接続部を形成するために用いられるか、又は、前記粒子は、1μm以上、300μm以下の平均粒子径を有し、
前記粒子は、30N/mm2以上、3000N/mm2以下の10%K値を有し、
前記粒子は、10%以下の粒子径のCV値を有する、粒子。 - 前記粒子は、接続後の前記接続部の厚みが、接続前の前記粒子の平均粒子径の2倍以下となるように、前記接続部を形成するために用いられる、請求項1に記載の粒子。
- 前記粒子は、1μm以上、300μm以下の平均粒子径を有する、請求項1又は2に記載の粒子。
- 前記粒子100万個あたり、凝集している粒子の数が100個以下である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の粒子。
- 前記粒子は、200℃以上の熱分解温度を有する、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の粒子。
- 前記粒子の材料が、ビニル化合物、(メタ)アクリル化合物、α-オレフィン化合物、ジエン化合物、又はシリコーン化合物を含む、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の粒子。
- 前記粒子が、外表面部分に導電部を有さない、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の粒子。
- 前記粒子が、基材粒子と、前記基材粒子の表面上に配置された導電部とを有する、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の粒子。
- 前記導電部の材料が、ニッケル、金、銀、銅、又は錫を含む、請求項8に記載の粒子。
- 前記粒子は、1つの前記粒子が、2つの前記接続対象部材の双方に接するように、前記接続部を形成するために用いられる、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の粒子。
- 2つの接続対象部材を接続する接続部を形成するために用いられ、
請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の粒子と、
樹脂又は金属原子含有粒子とを含む、接続材料。 - 前記金属原子含有粒子を含み、
前記粒子の熱分解温度が、前記金属原子含有粒子の融点よりも高い、請求項11に記載の接続材料。 - 前記金属原子含有粒子を含み、
前記金属原子含有粒子を溶融させた後に固化させることで、前記接続部を形成するために用いられる、請求項11又は12に記載の接続材料。 - 第1の接続対象部材と、
第2の接続対象部材と、
前記第1の接続対象部材と、前記第2の接続対象部材とを接続している接続部とを備え、
前記接続部の材料が、請求項11~13のいずれか1項に記載の接続材料である、接続構造体。
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US20180301237A1 (en) | 2018-10-18 |
JP7265597B2 (ja) | 2023-04-26 |
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CN107849427B (zh) | 2021-09-24 |
JPWO2017086454A1 (ja) | 2018-09-06 |
EP3378916A1 (en) | 2018-09-26 |
JP6959007B2 (ja) | 2021-11-02 |
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CN107849428B (zh) | 2021-09-28 |
US11024439B2 (en) | 2021-06-01 |
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EP3378914A4 (en) | 2019-07-03 |
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