WO2017064784A1 - 水分検出素子、ガス検出装置及び呼気検査システム - Google Patents
水分検出素子、ガス検出装置及び呼気検査システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017064784A1 WO2017064784A1 PCT/JP2015/079115 JP2015079115W WO2017064784A1 WO 2017064784 A1 WO2017064784 A1 WO 2017064784A1 JP 2015079115 W JP2015079115 W JP 2015079115W WO 2017064784 A1 WO2017064784 A1 WO 2017064784A1
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- G01N27/12—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid
- G01N27/121—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid for determining moisture content, e.g. humidity, of the fluid
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a technique of a moisture detection element, a gas detection device, and a breath test system that detect moisture in breath.
- the conventional alcohol testing apparatus measures the alcohol concentration contained in the breath by introducing the breath of the subject.
- exhalation does not have to be blown by a person, and spoofing may occur by blowing outside air or the like instead of own exhalation.
- the air introduced into the alcohol testing device is exhaled. Since the breath of human beings is saturated with water vapor unlike the outside air, the amount of air vapor introduced into the alcohol testing device is measured, that is, by measuring the moisture, the introduced air is the breath of the person. It can be determined whether or not there is, and spoofing can be prevented.
- Patent Document 1 states that “a capacitance type humidity sensor that detects a change in humidity in the atmosphere by a change in capacitance, in which a moisture sensitive film having a dielectric constant that changes according to humidity is formed. And a first sensor element and a second sensor element having different slopes of the capacitance value with respect to humidity change, and the first sensor element and the second sensor element are respectively provided on a semiconductor substrate via an insulating film.
- a pair of comb-like electrodes are formed by using a wiring process of semiconductor elements formed at different positions on the semiconductor substrate on the same plane, and are arranged so as to be opposed to each other so that the comb teeth mesh with each other.
- a comb-teeth electrode type capacitive element wherein the first sensor element and the second sensor element are connected in series, and the moisture sensitive film passes through a protective film of the wiring of the semiconductor element on the semiconductor substrate, 1 sensor element and 2nd sensor
- An element is formed on the semiconductor substrate so as to cover each pair of comb-like electrodes, and the first sensor element and the second sensor element are both the semiconductor substrate, the insulating film, and the pair of elements. Composed of a comb-like electrode, the protective film, and the moisture-sensitive film, and the comb-teeth interval between the pair of comb-like electrodes is different between the first sensor element and the second sensor element.
- An “capacitance humidity sensor” is disclosed (see claim 1).
- Patent Document 2 states that “inside the casing is an atmospheric pressure environment, an ion source that generates an ion beam, a counter electrode having an opening through which the ion beam passes, and outside air in the casing. A detection electrode for detecting ions deflected in the direction of gravity by reacting the outside air introduced into the housing by the introduction unit and the ion beam, and more than the counter electrode. There is disclosed an “ion detection apparatus” characterized in that exhaust means is provided on the downstream side in the ion beam irradiation direction and below the opening of the counter electrode (see claim 1).
- Patent Document 1 uses a wet and dry film, it has a problem that it takes about 1 minute to detect moisture and to finish measuring moisture. Therefore, there is a problem that it is difficult to make a determination while a person is exhaling.
- Patent Document 2 since the technique described in Patent Document 2 has a small output, it is necessary to amplify the output, and there is a problem that power consumption increases. Further, the technique described in Patent Document 1 and the technique described in Patent Document 2 have a problem that it is difficult to reduce the size. In the market, there is an increasing need for mobile-type inspection terminals suitable for various use cases, and it will be necessary to cope with mobile use in the future, so miniaturization of moisture measuring devices is essential.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a background, and an object of the present invention is to provide a moisture detection element, a gas detection device, and a breath test system that are small and have good response performance.
- the present invention provides an insulating portion made of an insulating material, an application portion to which a voltage is applied, and a surface of the insulating material by the voltage applied to the application portion. And an output unit that outputs a voltage signal corresponding to a current flowing through an electric path via water molecules attached to the substrate.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a moisture detection element, a gas detection device, and a breath test system that are small and have good response performance.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows the example of the moisture detection element of the low temperature type which concerns on this embodiment, and a high temperature type, (a) shows the top view of a moisture detection element, (b) is a model which shows the principle of a low temperature type moisture detection element A figure is shown and (c) shows a mimetic diagram showing a principle of a high temperature type moisture detection element. It is a figure which shows another example of the low temperature type and high temperature type moisture detection element which concerns on this embodiment, (a) shows the top view of a moisture detection element, (b) shows the principle of a low temperature type moisture detection element. The schematic diagram which shows is shown, (c) shows the schematic diagram which shows the principle of a high temperature type moisture detection element.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows the formation method of the uneven structure in an insulation part, (a) shows a processing process, (b) shows an amorphous process, (c) shows a printing process. It is a figure which shows another example of the moisture detection element which concerns on this embodiment. It is a figure which shows the example of the breath sensor which has a plane arrangement
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the structure of a moisture detection element according to the present embodiment, where (a) shows a schematic diagram showing the principle of the moisture detection element, and (b) shows a top schematic diagram of the moisture detection element. Yes.
- a moisture detection element (moisture detection unit) 1 is connected to an AC power source 5, an application electrode (application unit) 2 to which an applied voltage Vi is applied by the AC power source 5, and detection of moisture. It sometimes has a detection electrode (output unit) 3 for detecting the potential Vo and an insulating unit 4.
- the insulating part 4 is composed of a hydrophilic insulating substrate.
- the surface is composed of an oxide such as an insulating metal oxide.
- the shape of the insulating part 4 may not be a substrate shape. As shown in FIG. 1A, an insulating part 4 is interposed between the detection electrode 3 and the application electrode 2. Here, the insulating part 4 has an uneven structure. The uneven structure in the insulating portion 4 will be described later.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the principle that the moisture detection element according to the present embodiment detects moisture
- (a) is a schematic diagram showing the principle of the moisture detection element before moisture adhesion
- (b) is a schematic diagram showing the principle of the moisture detection element after moisture adhesion
- (d) is an equivalent circuit of the moisture detection element after moisture adhesion.
- 2A and 2C are the same as those shown in FIG. 1A, and thus the same reference numerals are given and description thereof is omitted.
- the detection electrode 3 and the application electrode 2 are connected to each other by the insulating portion 4 before moisture adhesion, so that the detection electrode 3 and the application electrode 2 are energized. Not. Accordingly, an AC voltage is applied to the application electrode 2, but no voltage is detected from the detection electrode 3.
- the moisture detection element 1 detects moisture based on the detected (output) voltage.
- the change of the equivalent circuit 20 of the moisture detecting element 1 before and after the adhesion of moisture is compared.
- the capacitor C ⁇ b> 1 is a capacitor showing the insulating portion 4.
- the capacitance of the capacitor C1 is a small value ( ⁇ 1). Therefore, the capacitive reactance of the equivalent circuit 20a shown in FIG. 2B is a large value, and the detection electrode 3 and the application electrode 2 are hardly energized.
- the circuit constituted by the capacitor Ca and the resistor Ra is an atmospheric equivalent circuit.
- the equivalent circuit 20a shown in FIG. 2 (b) becomes an equivalent circuit 20b shown in FIG. 2 (d).
- the circuit 21 indicated by the resistor Rb and the capacitor C2 is an equivalent circuit of the water molecule 11.
- FIG. 2C when moisture (water molecules 11) adheres to the insulating portion 4, a resistance Rb and a capacitor C2 derived from the water molecules 11 are generated as shown in FIG. The impedance changes (decreases) by Rb and the capacitor C2.
- the detection electrode 3 and the application electrode 2 are energized, and the voltage can be detected from the detection electrode 3.
- the responsiveness can be enhanced by detecting the moisture in the expiration using the impedance change of the moisture detection element 1 caused by the moisture (water molecules 11) adhering to the insulating portion 4.
- the detection electrode 3 and the application electrode 2 have a comb-tooth shape.
- the detection electrode 3 and the application electrode 2 are disposed on the insulating portion 4 so as to be opposed to each other with their comb teeth engaged with each other. By doing in this way, the area of a moisture adhesion part (reaction site
- the capacitance-type humidity sensor described in Patent Document 1 is intended to measure humidity in the air.
- the moisture detection element 1 according to the present embodiment is intended for detection of exhaled air at a high humidity (substantially saturated state). Therefore, it is only necessary to detect high humidity air (exhalation) without aiming to measure the amount of moisture in the air.
- the moisture detection element 1 according to the present embodiment has a configuration in which an insulating portion 4 is interposed between the detection electrode 3 and the application electrode 2 as shown in FIG. And as shown in FIG.2 (c), when the water molecule 11 contained in the exhalation adheres to the insulating part 4, electricity is performed using this water molecule 11 as a path. Thereby, the output voltage is detected by the detection electrode 3. Therefore, the moisture detection element 1 according to the present embodiment only needs to have the insulating portion 4 that is wide enough to allow the water molecules 11 to adhere thereto, and can be downsized.
- the output voltage is substantially 0 before moisture (water molecules 11) adheres to the insulating portion 4, whereas the output voltage becomes substantially Vi (applied voltage) after moisture (water molecules 11) adheres. be able to. Thereby, an excellent S / N (Signal / Noise) ratio can be realized.
- the surface of the insulating portion 4 has an uneven structure as described above.
- the surface area of the insulating part 4 can increase the surface area of the insulating part 4 by having irregularities. That is, since the surface of the insulating portion 4 has irregularities, more water molecules 11 can be attached, the output voltage can be increased, and high sensitivity can be achieved.
- the insulating part 4 is made of at least a surface made of a highly hydrophilic oxide (metal oxide), moisture can be easily attached.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for comparing the sizes of the moisture detection element in the comparative example and the moisture detection element according to the present embodiment. Reference is made to FIG. 1 as appropriate.
- An ion detection sensor A that is a moisture detection element in the comparative example uses an ion detection device described in Patent Document 2.
- the ratio of the sizes of the ion detection sensor A and the moisture detection element 1 according to the present embodiment is the same as the actual ratio.
- moisture-content detection element 1 which concerns on this embodiment has shown an example installed in the USB (Universal Serial Bus) terminal for evaluation.
- USB Universal Serial Bus
- a voltage is applied to the power application electrode A4 and the amount of water cluster ionized by the counter electrode A5 is detected, so that the sample is introduced from the sample (exhalation) into the casing of the ion detection sensor A through the breath introduction port A1, The amount of water cluster in the expired air staying in the casing of the detection sensor A is detected. Thereafter, exhaled air staying in the casing of the ion detection sensor A is discharged by the exhaust fan unit A3.
- the ion detection sensor A is configured to house the ion detection sensor in the case, it is necessary to exhaust air after the expiration is detected and before the next expiration is introduced. Therefore, the ion detection sensor A needs to include an exhaust fan part A3 for exhausting the exhaled air after detecting the exhaled breath.
- the moisture detection element 1 according to this embodiment can be downsized to 1/10 or less as compared with the ion detection sensor A of the comparative example. This measures the voltage that the moisture detection element 1 according to the present embodiment energizes between the application electrode 2 and the detection electrode 3 using the water molecule 11 (see FIG. 2) attached to the insulating portion 4 as a path. Therefore, it is not necessary to retain exhaled air, and no housing is required.
- the moisture detection element 1 according to the present embodiment can be used in various shapes depending on the purpose of use, such as being incorporated in a mobile device, by realizing downsizing, and the application range can be widened.
- the moisture detection element 1 since the moisture detection element 1 according to the present embodiment detects energization using the moisture (water molecules 11) attached to the insulating portion 4 as a path, even a slight amount of moisture can be detected. Then, since only a small amount of moisture is required for detection, the moisture evaporates immediately (about several seconds) after detection, so that it is not necessary to discharge the exhaled air in the housing unlike the ion detection sensor A. Therefore, the moisture detection element 1 according to the present embodiment does not need to include the exhaust fan part A3 for discharging exhaled air, and can be made smaller than the ion detection sensor A.
- the ion detection sensor A needs to discharge exhaled air, it is difficult to perform the next measurement immediately after the measurement is completed.
- the capacitance-type humidity sensor described in Patent Document 1 also takes time for moisture to be removed from the dry and wet film and return to a steady state, it is difficult to perform the next measurement immediately after the measurement is completed. is there.
- the ion detection sensor A and the capacitive humidity sensor described in Patent Document 1 are not suitable for applications that are repeatedly used at a high frequency.
- the moisture detection element 1 according to the present embodiment evaporates immediately after detection, so that the next measurement can be performed immediately after the measurement is completed.
- the moisture detecting element 1 according to the present embodiment uses an alternating voltage as an applied voltage as shown in FIG. By doing in this way, the moisture detection element 1 according to the present embodiment can be speeded up. That is, when a DC voltage is used as the applied voltage, the rise of the voltage is caused by the capacitors C1 and C2 components of the equivalent circuit 20 shown in FIG. On the other hand, when an AC voltage is used as the applied voltage, the influence of the capacitors C1 and C2 components is reduced, so that the detection delay is reduced. In particular, detection can be speeded up by using a frequency of several tens of Hz or more as the frequency of the alternating voltage as the applied voltage.
- the moisture detecting element 1 according to the present embodiment does not consume power because no current flows before the expiration is introduced.
- the capacitance-type humidity sensor described in Patent Document 1 requires a current to flow through the dry and wet film even when exhalation is not introduced.
- moisture-content detection element 1 which concerns on this embodiment can implement
- the current flowing through the moisture (water molecules 11) attached to the insulating portion 4 may be about several nA or several pA. Therefore, the moisture detection element 1 according to the present embodiment can realize power saving. This is because the output voltage Vo is almost zero before moisture adhesion, so that even a current of several nA or several pA can be detected.
- the capacitance-type humidity sensor described in Patent Document 1 needs to pass a current through the wet and dry film even when exhalation is not introduced as described above. Therefore, the output voltage needs to flow larger than the current when exhalation is not introduced.
- the capacitance-type humidity sensor of patent document 1 is detecting humidity by adsorption
- the moisture detection element 1 since the moisture detection element 1 according to the present embodiment detects a voltage due to a current passing through moisture (water molecules 11) attached to the insulating portion 4, the detection time can be greatly shortened. Water can be detected while the examiner exhales. That is, the moisture detecting element 1 according to the present embodiment does not attempt to accurately measure the humidity unlike the electrostatic capacitance type humidity sensor described in Patent Document 1, and the introduced air contains sufficient moisture. It is determined whether or not.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a comparison of outputs of the ion detection sensor in the comparative example and the moisture detection element according to the present embodiment.
- the ion detection sensor in the comparative example is an ion detection sensor described in Patent Document 2.
- the vertical axis indicates the output voltage
- the horizontal axis indicates time (sec).
- the waveform 51 solid line
- the waveform 52 broken line
- the output of the moisture detection element 1 which concerns on this embodiment.
- the output (waveform 52) of the moisture detection element 1 according to the present embodiment is much larger than the output (waveform 51) of the ion detection sensor described in Patent Document 2.
- the ion detection sensor described in Patent Document 2 has a small output and needs to be amplified by an amplifier or the like, and requires power for the amplifier, and thus consumes a large amount of power.
- the moisture detection element 1 according to the present embodiment can output a value one digit or more larger than the ion detection sensor described in Patent Document 2. Since the moisture detecting element 1 according to the present embodiment can output such a large value as described above, it does not require an amplifier and can realize power saving and downsizing.
- FIG. 5A and 5B are diagrams for explaining the characteristics of the moisture detecting element according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 5A shows the frequency characteristics
- FIG. 5B shows the characteristics with respect to the electrode length
- FIG. 5C shows the response characteristics.
- (D) shows the response characteristics of a known technique as a comparative example.
- the horizontal axis indicates the frequency (Hz) of the applied AC voltage
- the vertical axis indicates the ratio (Vo / Vi) of the output voltage (Vo) to the applied voltage (Vi).
- the output voltage Vo is slightly smaller than the applied voltage Vi due to the impedance derived from the water molecules 11 (see FIG. 2), the applied voltage is stable at most frequencies.
- (Vi) ⁇ output voltage (Vo) (Vo / Vi ⁇ 1).
- the horizontal axis indicates the total length W of the detection portion of the detection electrode 3, and the vertical axis indicates the S / N ratio of the output voltage.
- the total length W of the detection portion is obtained by multiplying the length L of the detection portion of the detection electrode 3 shown in FIG. 1 by a value obtained by subtracting 1 from the number N of comb teeth of the application electrode 2 or the detection electrode 3.
- the S / N ratio increases as the total length W of the detection portion increases. This is because as the entire length W of the detection portion becomes longer, the area for detecting the output voltage Vo becomes larger, and accordingly, noise becomes relatively lower.
- the shape of the application electrode 2 and the detection electrode 3 is comb-shaped, and the detection electrode is configured to be spaced apart so that the comb teeth engage with each other in the application electrode 2 and the detection electrode 3.
- the overall length W can be increased, and a high S / N ratio can be realized.
- the horizontal axis indicates time (sec), and the vertical axis indicates the ratio (Vo / Vi) of the output voltage (Vo) to the applied voltage (Vi).
- the horizontal axis indicates time
- the vertical axis indicates The humidity based on the ionic current flowing through the wet and dry film is shown. Since the moisture detection element 1 according to the present embodiment outputs an alternating voltage, the output waveform actually has a waveform as shown in FIG. 18 to be described later, but it is easy to compare with the waveform shown in FIG. For this reason, FIG.
- FIG. 5C shows a direct current. Therefore, FIG. 5C may be regarded as a change in the peak value of the output AC voltage.
- time t1 is the time when it is determined that the moisture detection element 1 has started the introduction of exhalation
- time t2 is the time when the introduction of exhalation is completed.
- Time t3 is the time when the output voltage Vi almost returns to the state before the introduction of exhalation.
- time t1a is a time when it is determined that the introduction of exhalation is started in the technique of the comparative example
- time t2a is a time when the introduction of exhalation ends.
- the output voltage Vi does not return to the state before the introduction of exhalation even after 5 seconds or more have elapsed from the start of exhalation introduction.
- the moisture detection element 1 according to the present embodiment shown in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 2B and 2D, the moisture detection element 1 according to the present embodiment has the detection electrode 3 due to a change in impedance due to the water molecules 11 adhering to the insulating portion 4. Detects the voltage. As described above, the moisture detecting element 1 according to the present embodiment can realize excellent responsiveness. Note that the response time can also be adjusted by adjusting the comb-teeth spacing between the application electrode 2 and the detection electrode 3 shown in FIG.
- the time from the start of exhalation introduction to the end of exhalation introduction is about the same as in FIG. 5C, but in FIG. 5D, the humidity which is the original exhalation humidity. Far from 100%. Therefore, in the comparative example, it is necessary to continue introducing exhalation until the humidity of 100% which is the original exhalation humidity is reached. For this reason, in the technique of the comparative example, it is difficult to perform sufficient measurement within a few seconds when a person exhales naturally.
- the moisture detecting element 1 according to the present embodiment rises faster than FIG. 5D, and reaches a peak in a short time (less than about 1 second). .
- the moisture detection element 1 according to the present embodiment has good response to the technique of the comparative example. Further, the output voltage Vo at the peak is almost the value of the applied voltage Vi (Vo / Vi ⁇ 1). As described above, the moisture detection element 1 according to the present embodiment can sufficiently measure the expiration in a short time.
- the moisture detection element 1 according to the present embodiment shown in FIG. 5C is in a state before the introduction of exhalation in a shorter time than the comparative example shown in FIG. I can see it going back. This is because, since the technique of the comparative example is based on the ionic current flowing through the wet and dry film due to moisture adsorbed on the dry and wet film, the reaction returning to the state before the introduction of exhalation is delayed.
- the moisture detection element 1 detects moisture based on energization due to moisture (water molecules 11) adhering to the insulating portion 4 as described above. Therefore, it is possible to respond in a short time after the introduction of exhalation. Further, since the moisture adhering to the insulating portion 4 is very small, the moisture evaporates immediately after the introduction of exhalation. As shown in FIG. 5D, in the comparative example, the speed of returning to the state before the introduction of exhalation is slow. Therefore, in the technique of the comparative example, it takes about 30 seconds to 1 minute until the remeasurement is possible. On the other hand, as shown in FIG.
- the moisture detection element 1 according to the present embodiment takes about 3 seconds from the start of expiration introduction until the output voltage Vi returns to the state before introduction of expiration.
- the moisture detection element 1 according to the present embodiment when the introduction of exhalation is completed, the state immediately before the introduction of exhalation can be immediately returned, so that the next inspection can be started immediately.
- FIG. 6A and 6B are diagrams showing examples of the low temperature type and high temperature type moisture detecting elements according to the present embodiment, wherein FIG. 6A is a top view of the moisture detecting element, and FIG. 6B is a diagram of the low temperature type moisture detecting element.
- the schematic diagram which shows a principle is shown
- (c) shows the schematic diagram which shows the principle of a high temperature type moisture detection element.
- the insulating part 4 has an uneven structure as described above. As shown in FIG. 6, this uneven structure is distinguished between a low temperature type used in a low temperature environment (an environment below a predetermined temperature) and a high temperature type used in a high temperature environment (an environment above a predetermined temperature). can do.
- the low temperature type moisture detecting element 1a has the unevenness of the insulating portion 4a smaller than the high temperature type moisture detecting element 1b, and conversely, the high temperature type as shown in FIG. 6 (c). Further, the unevenness of the insulating portion 4b is made larger than that of the low temperature type. Since the amount of saturated water vapor increases at high temperatures, the expiration humidity (relative humidity) decreases. For this reason, in the high temperature type, water (water molecules 11 (see FIG. 2)) is easily attached by increasing the unevenness of the insulating portion 4b. By doing in this way, the water
- the exhalation humidity (relative humidity) becomes high.
- the unevenness of the insulating portion 4 is increased as in the high temperature type, moisture (water molecules 11) adheres too much.
- corrugation of the insulating part 4a is made small, so that moisture (water molecules 11) is less likely to adhere than the high temperature type moisture detection element 1b.
- an AC voltage is applied from an AC power source 5 to the low temperature type moisture detecting element 1a and the high temperature type moisture detecting element 1b.
- moisture content detection element 1 which can be used in any of a low temperature environment and a high temperature environment can be provided.
- corrugation of the insulation part 4 was made into two types, a low temperature type and a high temperature type, it is good also as three or more types. That is, as the body temperature type is changed to the high temperature type, the moisture detecting element 1 having the insulating portion 4 suitable for the intermediate temperature between the low temperature type and the high temperature type may be provided by increasing the unevenness. Note that the low temperature type moisture detection element 1a and the high temperature type moisture detection element 1b may be switchable in accordance with the ambient temperature.
- the unevenness of the insulating portion 4 may be a mountain shape as shown in FIG. 6 or a protrusion shape as shown in FIG. Or the unevenness
- 7A and 7B are diagrams showing another example of the low temperature type and high temperature type moisture detecting elements according to the present embodiment, wherein FIG. 7A is a top view of the moisture detecting element, and FIG. 7B is a low temperature type moisture detecting element.
- the schematic diagram which shows the principle of an element is shown, (c) shows the schematic diagram which shows the principle of a high temperature type moisture detection element.
- the low-temperature type moisture detecting element 1c including the insulating portion 4c having small protrusion-like unevenness shown in FIG. 7B and the insulating portion 4d having large protrusion-like unevenness shown in FIG. 7C are provided.
- an applied voltage AC voltage
- AC voltage is applied to the high temperature type moisture detecting element 1d.
- FIGS. 8A and 8B are diagrams showing a method for forming a concavo-convex structure in an insulating portion, where FIG. 8A shows a processing process, FIG. 8B shows an amorphous process, and FIG. 8C shows a printing process.
- the unevenness of the insulating portion 4 may be formed by a processing process in which the insulating portion 4 is cut from the state indicated by the broken line, or as shown in FIG. 8B.
- the insulating part 4 may be formed by an amorphous process, or as shown in FIG. 8C, the insulating part 4 may be formed by a printing process in which irregularities are printed on a flat substrate.
- the insulating portion 4 formed by the amorphous treatment shown in FIG. 8B seems to have a smooth surface, but actually there are irregularities of crystal units.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating another example of the moisture detection element 1 according to the present embodiment.
- the same components as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- the application electrode 2a (2) and the detection electrode 3a (3) are spiral.
- the detection electrode 3 and the application electrode 2 do not have to be comb teeth as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of an exhalation sensor having a planar arrangement structure.
- the moisture detection element 1 is arranged at the center of the circuit board having the planar structure, and various small gas sensors around the moisture detection element 1 A (gas detector) 101 is arranged.
- the moisture detection element 1 is shown in any of FIGS. 1, 6, 7, and 9.
- the gas sensor 101 disposed around the moisture detecting element 1 includes a gas sensor 101a for carbon monoxide, a gas sensor 101b for nitrogen monoxide, a gas sensor 101c for alcohol, a gas sensor 101d for acetaldehyde, a gas sensor 101e for acetone, and a hydrogen sensor.
- the gas sensor 101f and the like are included.
- various substances are contained in alcohol, in a present Example, it demonstrates using ethanol as an example.
- the gas sensor 101a for carbon monoxide is used for smoking
- the gas sensor 101b for nitric oxide is used for asthma
- the gas sensor 101c for alcohol (ethanol) is used for drinking (presence of alcohol in breath)
- the gas sensor 101d is a metabolite of alcohol and can detect the presence or absence of sickness
- the acetone gas sensor 101e can detect the presence of diabetes
- the hydrogen gas sensor 101f can detect the presence or absence of digestive system abnormalities, and the like.
- preence / absence refers to whether or not a predetermined amount or more of a component is included in exhaled breath.
- the configuration includes six types of gas sensors 101, but it is not necessary to include all of them, and the configuration may include one type or several types of gas sensors 101 depending on the purpose. Alternatively, the gas sensor 101 used according to the purpose may be switched. Furthermore, not only the gas sensor 101 used in the example shown in FIG. 10, for example, a gas sensor 101 for carbon dioxide may be arranged.
- FIGS. 11A and 11B are diagrams showing an example of an exhalation sensor having a coaxial structure.
- FIG. 11A is an external perspective view of the exhalation sensor
- FIG. 11B is a top view of the exhalation sensor
- FIG. The structure is shown, (d) shows the structure in the location where a gas sensor is attached, (e) is a figure which shows another example about the attachment direction of a gas sensor.
- a rod-shaped application electrode 112 (2) is arranged at the center, and a cylindrical detection electrode 113 ( 3) is arranged.
- the application electrode 112 and the detection electrode 113 are connected by one or more (four in the example of FIG.
- the substrate unit 120 has an application electrode plate 122 connected to the rod-shaped application electrode 112 and a detection electrode plate 123 connected to the cylindrical detection electrode 113.
- the application electrode plate 122 and the detection electrode plate 123 have a comb-like structure, and the application electrode plate 122 and the detection electrode plate 123 have comb teeth like the application electrode 2 and the detection electrode 3 in FIG. They are spaced apart so as to engage with each other.
- an insulating portion 124 (4) is interposed between the application electrode plate 122 and the detection electrode plate 123. Since such a configuration is the same as the configuration shown in FIG. 1, detailed description thereof is omitted here.
- Exhaled air is introduced inside the cylindrical detection electrode 113, and moisture (water molecules 11 (see FIG. 2)) in the exhaled gas adheres to the insulating portion 114 of the substrate portion 120.
- expired_air can be detected by supplying with electricity through the water (water molecule 11) with which the application electrode plate 122 and the detection electrode plate 123 of the board
- various gas sensors 101a to 101f (101) are installed on the outer side surface of the cylindrical detection electrode 113.
- the gas sensors 101a to 101f are the same as the gas sensors 101a to 101f shown in FIG.
- the gas sensor 101 used according to the purpose may be switched.
- a carbon sensor 101 for carbon dioxide may be arranged.
- FIG. 11D is a diagram showing the detection electrode 113 when the gas sensor 101 is removed at a location where the gas sensor 101 is attached.
- a through hole 131 is provided at a location corresponding to the location where the gas sensor 101 is installed.
- the exhaled air introduced inside the detection electrode 113 tends to go outward from the through hole 131.
- the gas sensor 101 provided in the through hole 131 detects a gas component contained in the exhalation.
- the breath sensor 201 itself can be formed into a cylindrical shape, so that the shape of the space to be secured can be diversified.
- the several gas sensor 101 is installed in the axial direction of the expiration sensor 100b, it is good also as the expiration sensor 100c in which various gas sensors 101 are installed in the circumferential direction of the detection electrode 113 as shown in FIG.11 (e). .
- the gas sensor 101 in FIG. 11 (e) is the gas sensors 101a to 101f in FIG. 11 (a).
- a through hole 131 is provided at a location corresponding to the gas sensor 101, as in FIG.
- the axial length of the breath sensor 100c can be shortened.
- the moisture in the expired air can be detected by combining the moisture detection element 1 and the gas sensor 101. Thereby, the impersonation by introducing the air which is not exhalation into the exhalation sensor 100 can be detected.
- the gas sensor 101 used in the present embodiment is desirably as small as possible.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a mobile type breath test apparatus.
- the breath test apparatus 201a (201) shown in FIG. 12 has, for example, a business card size.
- the breath test apparatus 201a includes a breath introduction port 202a and a display unit 203.
- An expiration sensor 100 (see FIGS. 10 and 11) is mounted inside the expiration test apparatus 201a. That is, the exhaled breath introduced into the exhalation testing apparatus 201a from the exhalation introducing port 202a is detected by the internal exhalation sensor 100. Then, the test result by the breath test apparatus 201 a is displayed on the display unit 203.
- the breath test apparatus 201a can be downsized. By miniaturizing the breath test apparatus 201a as described above, it is possible to provide a health care product that can be used for home use or can be easily used by being attached to a bicycle.
- the breath sensor 100 mounted inside the breath test apparatus 201a is preferably the breath sensor 100a shown in FIG. 10, but may be the breath sensor 100b shown in FIG.
- the breath introduction port 202a may be directly connected to the end of the breath sensor 100b shown in FIG. With such a configuration, the size of the breath test apparatus 201 can be further reduced.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of the breath test apparatus incorporated in the steering wheel.
- the breath sensor 100 is incorporated in the steering wheel 211.
- the ring portion of the steering wheel 211 is provided with an exhalation introduction port 202b as shown in FIG.
- Moisture and gas in the exhaled air introduced into the ring portion of the steering wheel 211 from the exhalation introducing port 202b are detected by an exhalation sensor 100 provided in the ring portion.
- the breath sensor 100 provided in the steering wheel 211 of FIG. 13 is preferably the breath sensor 100b shown in FIG. 11, but may be the breath sensor 100a shown in FIG. If the breath sensor 100b shown in FIG. 11 is used, the breath sensor 100b itself can be used as a ring portion of the steering wheel 211 by connecting ends of the breath sensor 100b into a ring shape. Thereby, the steering wheel 211 and the breath sensor 100 can be integrated. As a result, it is not necessary to install the breath sensor 100 as a separate device, and it is not necessary to secure a space for installing the breath sensor 100.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of functional blocks of the breath test system according to the present embodiment.
- the breath test system Z includes a breath detection device 300, an analysis device 500, a transmission device 601, and a storage device 602.
- the expiration detection device 300 includes an expiration sensor 100 and a measurement control device 400.
- the measurement control device 400 converts the frequency of the AC power supply 5 and outputs it.
- the breath detection apparatus 300 converts analog signals input from the moisture detection element 1 and the gas sensor 101 into digital signals by A / D (Analog / Digital) converters 301a and 301b and outputs the digital signals to the analysis apparatus 500. .
- a / D Analog / Digital
- the analysis device 500 acquires an output voltage from the moisture detection element 1 in the breath sensor 100 and also acquires a detection signal from the gas sensor 101. Then, the analysis device 500 analyzes the gas content rate in the expiration based on the output voltage acquired from the moisture detection element 1, the detection signal acquired from the gas sensor 101, and the like. In the present embodiment, the analysis device 500 acquires the output voltage and the detection signal from the breath sensor 100, but not limited to this, the measurement control device 400 acquires the output voltage and the detection signal from the breath sensor 100, You may make it pass the output voltage and detection signal which were acquired to the analysis apparatus 500.
- the storage device 602 is a database server or the like, and holds the output voltage acquired from the moisture detection element 1 by the analysis device 500 and the detection signal acquired from the gas sensor 101 together with the inspection time, and holds the analysis result by the analysis device 500. Or
- the transmission device 601 notifies the analysis result (information regarding the driver state and the like) by the analysis device 500 to a central information center (not shown).
- FIG. 15 is a functional block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the measurement control device according to the present embodiment.
- the measurement control device 400 includes a memory 401, a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 402, an input device 403, an AC / AC inverter circuit 404, an AC terminal 405, an AC / DC converter circuit 406, and a DC terminal 407.
- the control unit 411 is embodied in the memory 401 by executing the program by the CPU 402.
- the control unit 411 sends an instruction to the AC / AC inverter circuit 404 or the AC / DC converter circuit 406 based on information input via the input device 403.
- the AC / AC inverter circuit 404 converts the frequency and voltage of the AC voltage input from the AC power source 5 based on the instruction sent from the control unit 411 and outputs the converted voltage to the AC terminal 405.
- the moisture detection element 1 is connected to the AC terminal 405.
- the AC / DC converter circuit 406 converts the voltage of the AC voltage input from the AC power supply 5 based on the instruction sent from the control unit 411, further converts the AC current into a DC current, and converts the DC terminal 407. Output to.
- the gas sensor 101 is connected to the DC terminal 407.
- the configuration of the measurement control device 400 illustrated in FIG. 15 is an example, and is not limited to the configuration illustrated in FIG.
- an AC signal AC voltage
- FIG. 16 is a functional block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the analysis apparatus according to the present embodiment.
- the analysis device 500 is, for example, a PC (Personal Computer), and includes a memory 501, a CPU 502, a transmission / reception device 503, a display device 504, a storage device 505 such as an HDD (Hard Disk Drive), and the like.
- the memory 501 is loaded with a program stored in the storage device 505 and executed by the CPU 502, whereby the processing unit 511 and the moisture measurement processing unit 512, the gas measurement processing unit 513, which constitute the processing unit 511, and the determination A processing unit 514 is embodied.
- the moisture measurement processing unit 512 performs processing related to measurement of moisture contained in exhaled air based on the signal sent from the moisture detection element 1.
- the gas measurement processing unit 513 performs processing related to measurement of various gases contained in exhaled air based on the signal sent from the gas sensor 101.
- the determination processing unit 514 determines, for example, whether the subject is not drinking based on the measurement result of the gas measurement processing unit 513.
- the gas measurement processing unit 513 can be omitted.
- the breath detection device 300, the analysis device 500, the transmission device 601, and the storage device 602 are separate devices, but the breath detection device 300 and the analysis device 500 are not limited thereto. At least two of the transmission device 601 and the storage device 602 may be a single device.
- the breath test apparatus 201a illustrated in FIG. 12 may include all of the breath detection apparatus 300, the analysis apparatus 500, the transmission apparatus 601, and the storage apparatus 602. 13 may include only the portion of the breath detection device 300, and may include the portions of the analysis device 500, the transmission device 601, and the storage device 602 in another place in the vehicle.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the expiration detection process according to the present embodiment.
- an AC voltage applied voltage
- the applied AC voltage is output from the AC terminal 405 of the measurement control device 400.
- the moisture measurement processing unit 512 starts measurement of the output voltage Vo from the moisture detection element 1, whereby moisture measurement is started (S104).
- the moisture measurement processing unit 512 calculates the output voltage Vo by subtracting the voltage value from time 0 to time t0 as an offset value from the current output voltage.
- the moisture measurement processing unit 512 determines whether or not the output voltage Vo from the moisture detection element 1 is equal to or higher than the first threshold value Vth1 (S111). As a result of step S111, when the output voltage Vo from the moisture detection element 1 is less than the first threshold value Vth1 (S111 ⁇ No), it is assumed that the exhalation intensity is insufficient, and the introduction of exhalation into the subject is continued (S112). Then, the moisture measurement processing unit 512 returns the process to step S111.
- step S111 when the output voltage Vo is equal to or higher than the first threshold value Vth1 (S111 ⁇ Yes), the moisture measurement processing unit 512 determines whether the output voltage Vo from the moisture detection element 1 becomes equal to or higher than the second threshold value Vth2. It is determined whether or not (S113). Note that the first threshold value Vth1 ⁇ the second threshold value Vth2. In addition, since the output voltage Vo is actually an AC voltage, the moisture measurement processing unit 512 determines whether the number of times that the output voltage peak has reached or exceeded the second threshold value Vth2 exceeds a predetermined number. It is determined whether or not Vo is equal to or greater than the first threshold value Vth2. This will be described later.
- step S113 when the output voltage Vo is less than the second threshold value Vth2 (S113 ⁇ No), it is determined that the exhalation intensity is insufficient, and the subject continues to introduce exhalation (S114). Then, the moisture measurement processing unit 512 returns the process to step S113.
- step S113 when the output voltage Vo is equal to or higher than the second threshold value Vth2 (S113 ⁇ Yes), the moisture measurement processing unit 512 determines that the exhalation intensity is sufficient (S121). Thereafter, the subject ends the introduction of exhalation (S122). At this time, the expiration detection device 300 notifies the subject that the introduction of expiration is to be terminated by a buzzer, sound, screen display, or the like.
- FIG. 18 is a graph showing the time change of the output voltage.
- the horizontal axis indicates time (sec), and the vertical axis indicates output voltage (arbitrary unit).
- the time of each event is different, but almost the same characteristics are shown.
- the output voltage starts to rise, and at time t11, the output voltage exceeds the first threshold value Vth1 (step S111 in FIG. 17; Yes).
- Time t0 corresponds to time t1 in FIG.
- the output voltage continues to rise, and at time t12, the output voltage peak exceeds the second threshold value Vth2 15 times (step S113 in FIG. 17; Yes).
- the number of times can be arbitrarily determined. The number of times varies depending on the frequency, but after the output voltage exceeds the first threshold value Vth1, the number of peaks is approximately equivalent to 1 to 3 seconds.
- the second threshold value Vth2 is an output voltage sufficient to confirm that moisture is contained in the introduced air (exhalation).
- the subject ends the introduction of exhalation (step S122 in FIG. 17). Note that time t13 corresponds to time t2 in FIG.
- FIGS. 19 and 20 are flowcharts showing the procedure of the gas detection process according to this embodiment.
- the process shown in FIGS. 19 and 20 the process shown in FIG. 17 is used.
- 19 and 20 show the case where the gas to be detected is alcohol, but gases other than alcohol can also be detected by the same procedure.
- the gas concentration of alcohol is determined based on the gas concentration of alcohol, acetaldehyde, and hydrogen. Calculated. By doing so, it is possible to calculate an accurate alcohol gas concentration.
- gas sensor 101 a gas sensor 101c for alcohol, a gas sensor 101d for acetaldehyde, and a gas sensor 101f for hydrogen are used.
- each gas sensor 101 of the gas sensor 101c for alcohol, the gas sensor 101d for acetaldehyde, and the gas sensor 101f for hydrogen is called gas sensor 101c, 101d, 101f.
- the same step numbers are assigned to the same processes as those in FIG. First, an AC voltage is applied to the application electrode 2 by the user turning on the breath test system Z (S101 in FIG. 19) (S102). The applied AC voltage is output from the AC terminal 405 of the measurement control device 400.
- exhalation introduction is started (S103).
- the moisture measurement processing unit 512 starts measurement of the output voltage Vo from the moisture detection element 1, whereby moisture measurement is started (S104).
- the moisture measurement processing unit 512 calculates the output voltage Vo by subtracting the voltage value from time 0 to time t0 as an offset value from the current output voltage.
- the moisture measurement processing unit 512 determines whether or not the output voltage Vo from the moisture detection element 1 is equal to or higher than the first threshold value Vth1 (S111). As a result of step S111, when the output voltage Vo is less than the first threshold value Vth1 (S111 ⁇ No), the moisture measurement processing unit 512 continues the introduction of exhalation to the subject because the exhalation intensity is insufficient (S112). Then, the processing unit 511 returns the process to step S111. As a result of step S111, when the output voltage Vo is equal to or higher than the first threshold value Vth1 (S111 ⁇ Yes), the gas measurement processing unit 513 starts output measurement (gas measurement) from the gas sensors 101c, 101d, 101f (S201). .
- the moisture measurement processing unit 512 determines whether or not the output voltage Vo from the moisture detection element 1 is equal to or higher than the second threshold value Vth2 (S113).
- a method for determining whether or not the output voltage Vo is equal to or higher than the second threshold value Vth2 is the same as that in step S113 in FIG.
- step S113 when the output voltage Vo is less than the second threshold value Vth2 (S113 ⁇ No), it is determined that the exhalation intensity is insufficient, and the subject continues to introduce exhalation (S114). Then, the moisture measurement processing unit 512 returns the process to step S113.
- step S113 when the output voltage Vo is equal to or higher than the second threshold value Vth2 (S113 ⁇ Yes), the moisture measurement processing unit 512 determines that the exhalation intensity is sufficient (S121), and the processing unit 511 introduces exhalation. (S122), the gas measurement processing unit 513 ends the output measurement (gas measurement) from the gas sensors 101c, 101d, and 101f (S211).
- the gas measurement processing unit 513 calculates saturation output signals (gas saturation output signals) of the gas sensors 101c, 101d, and 101f from output curves from the start of output to the end of output from the gas sensors 101c, 101d, and 101f (S221). Further, the gas measurement processing unit 513 uses the differential evolution method to calculate the alcohol, acetaldehyde, and hydrogen gas concentrations (saturated gas concentrations) in a saturated state based on the differential gas evolution output signals of alcohol, acetaldehyde, and hydrogen calculated in step S221. ) Is calculated (S222). Thus, by calculating the saturated gas concentration of a certain gas using the differential evolution method based on a plurality of saturated gas concentrations, a highly accurate saturated gas concentration can be calculated.
- the determination processing unit 514 determines whether or not the saturated gas concentration of alcohol (alcohol concentration) out of the saturated gas concentrations calculated in step S222 is greater than or equal to a reference value (S223 in FIG. 20). As a result of step S223, when the saturated gas concentration of alcohol (alcohol concentration) calculated in step S222 is less than the reference value (S223 ⁇ No), the determination processing unit 514 determines that the subject is not drinking. (S224). As a result of step S223, when the saturated gas concentration (alcohol concentration) of alcohol calculated in step S222 is equal to or higher than the reference value (S223 ⁇ Yes), the determination processing unit 514 determines that the subject is drinking. (S225).
- FIG. 21 is a graph showing the time change of the output signal output from the gas sensor.
- the vertical axis indicates the output signal (V)
- the horizontal axis indicates time (sec).
- Time t11 in FIG. 21 is time t11 in FIG. That is, FIG. 21 shows that the output voltage from the moisture detection element 1 exceeds Vth1 at time t11.
- the gas measurement process part 513 starts a gas measurement in the time t11 when the output voltage from the moisture detection element 1 exceeded Vth1 (step S201 of FIG. 19). Since the gas sensor 101 starts to react before the detection of exhalation introduction, the time t11 is slightly on the + side from the origin.
- time t12 in FIG. 21 is time t12 in FIG. That is, FIG. 21 shows that the output signal reaches S1 at time t12 and the output voltage from the moisture detection element 1 exceeds Vth2.
- the gas measurement processing unit 513 finishes the gas measurement at time t12 (S211 in FIG. 19)
- the gas measurement processing unit 513 outputs the saturation output signal based on the output signal S1 from the gas sensor 101 at the time t12.
- Estimate S2 Since the gas output signal rises with a predetermined trend, the saturation output signal S2 can be estimated from the time t11, the time t12, and the output signal S1.
- the time from the start of exhalation introduction to the calculation of the saturation output signal S2 is about 3 seconds.
- a cover (not shown) is often provided around the sensor portion of the gas sensor 101.
- the space in the cover has the same concentration as the introduced gas even if the amount of gas introduced is small. That is, as the size of the cover inner space in the gas sensor 101 becomes smaller, the time until saturation becomes shorter. Accordingly, when the size of the space in the cover in the gas sensor 101 is small, the gas measurement processing unit 513 directly acquires the saturation output signal S2 without estimating the saturation output signal S2 from the output signal S1, as shown in FIG. You may do it.
- the gas measurement processing unit 513 waits for 3 to 5 seconds after introducing the breath, and then when the output signal of the alcohol gas sensor 101c to be measured reaches a peak value, the gas sensor 101d for acetaldehyde and The output signal of the gas sensor 101f for hydrogen is acquired. Then, the gas measurement processing unit 513 performs accurate gas saturation concentrations of alcohol, acetaldehyde, and hydrogen by concentration calculation based on the differential evolution method based on the saturation signal intensities obtained directly from the respective gas sensors 101c, 101d, 101f. May be calculated.
- the time from time t11 to time t12 is about 1 to 2 seconds. In other words, gas measurement can be performed in about 1 to 2 seconds, and the time can be greatly reduced.
- a gas for example, alcohol
- this invention is not limited to above-described embodiment, Various modifications are included.
- the above-described embodiment has been described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and is not necessarily limited to having all the configurations described.
- a part of the configuration of a certain embodiment can be replaced with the configuration of another embodiment, and the configuration of another embodiment can be added to the configuration of a certain embodiment.
- each of the above-described configurations, functions, units 411, 511 to 514, storage device 505, etc. may be realized by hardware by designing a part or all of them, for example, with an integrated circuit.
- each of the above-described configurations, functions, and the like may be realized by software by interpreting and executing a program that realizes each function by a processor such as a CPU.
- Information such as programs, tables, and files for realizing each function is stored in the HDD 602 as shown in FIG. 14, as well as a memory, a recording device such as an SSD (Solid State Drive), or an IC (Integrated Circuit).
- control lines and information lines are those that are considered necessary for explanation, and not all control lines and information lines are necessarily shown on the product. In practice, it can be considered that almost all configurations are connected to each other.
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Abstract
Description
また、特許文献2に記載の技術は出力が小さいため、出力の増幅を行う必要があり、消費電力が大きくなるという課題がある。
また、特許文献1に記載の技術及び特許文献2に記載の技術は、小型化が困難であるという課題もある。市場では、様々な利用事例に適したモバイルタイプの検査端末のニーズが高まっており、今後モバイル化への対応が必要となることからも、水分測定装置の小型化は必須である。
その他の解決手段については、実施形態中において適宜記載する。
(水分検出素子の構造)
図1は、本実施形態に係る水分検出素子の構造を示す図であり、(a)は水分検出素子の原理を示す模式図を示し、(b)は水分検出素子の上面模式図を示している。
図1(a)に示すように、水分検出素子(水分検出部)1は交流電源5に接続され、交流電源5によって印加電圧Viが印加される印加電極(印加部)2と、水分の検出時に電位Voを検出する検出電極(出力部)3と、絶縁部4とを有している。
絶縁部4は、親水性の絶縁物の基板で構成されており、具体的には、絶縁性金属酸化物等、少なくとも表面が酸化物で構成されている。なお、絶縁部4の形状は基板状でなくてもよい。
図1(a)に示すように、検出電極3と、印加電極2との間には絶縁部4が介在している。ここで、絶縁部4は凹凸のある構造を有している。絶縁部4における凹凸の構造については後記する。
図2は、本実施形態に係る水分検出素子が水分を検出する原理を説明するための図であり、(a)は水分付着前における水分検出素子の原理を示す模式図であり、(b)は水分付着前における水分検出素子の等価回路であり、(c)は水分付着後における水分検出素子の原理を示す模式図であり、(d)は水分付着後における水分検出素子の等価回路である。
なお、図2(a)及び図2(c)で示される各構成は、図1(a)に示されている各構成と同様であるので、同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
水分の付着前では、図2(b)に示すような等価回路20aとなっている。ここで、コンデンサC1は絶縁部4を示すコンデンサである。なお、検出電極3及び印加電極2の間の距離は十分におおきいので、コンデンサC1の静電容量は小さな値(≪1)となる。従って、図2(b)に示す等価回路20aの容量リアクタンスは大きな値となり、検出電極3及び印加電極2の間は、ほとんど通電していない状態となっている。
ちなみに、コンデンサCa及び抵抗Raで構成される回路は大気の等価回路である。
図2(c)に示すように、水分(水分子11)が絶縁部4に付着すると、図2(d)に示すように水分子11に由来する抵抗Rb及びコンデンサC2が生じ、これらの抵抗Rb及びコンデンサC2によってインピーダンスが変化(低下)する。この結果、検出電極3と印加電極2との間が通電状態となり、検出電極3から電圧を検出することができる。このように、水分(水分子11)が絶縁部4に付着することによる水分検出素子1のインピーダンス変化を利用して、呼気中の水分を検出することで、応答性を高くすることができる。
これに対し、本実施形態に係る水分検出素子1は、高湿度(ほぼ、飽和状態)の呼気の検出を目的としている。従って、空気中の水分量を測定することを目的とせず、高湿度の空気(呼気)を検出できればよい。
さらに、絶縁部4が、少なくとも表面が、親水性の高い酸化物(金属酸化物)で構成されるようにすることで、水分を付着させやすくすることができる。
図3は、比較例における水分検出素子と、本実施形態に係る水分検出素子の大きさを比較するための図である。適宜、図1を参照する。
比較例における水分検出素子であるイオン検出センサAは、特許文献2に記載のイオン検出装置を利用したものである。
なお、図3において、イオン検出センサAと、本実施形態に係る水分検出素子1の大きさの比率は、実際の比率と同じものにしてある。なお、本実施形態に係る水分検出素子1は評価用のUSB(Universal Serial Bus)端子に設置している一例を示している。
このように、本実施形態に係る水分検出素子1は小型化を実現することで、モバイル装置に組み込む等、様々な使用目的に応じた形状で利用可能となり、適用範囲を広くすることができる。
図4は、比較例におけるイオン検出センサと、本実施形態に係る水分検出素子の出力の比較を示す図である。なお、図4において、比較例におけるイオン検出センサとは特許文献2に記載のイオン検出センサである。
図4において、縦軸が出力電圧を示し、横軸が時間(sec)を示している。
そして、図4において、波形51(実線)が特許文献2に記載のイオン検出センサの出力を示し、波形52(破線)が本実施形態に係る水分検出素子1の出力を示す。
図4に示すように、特許文献2に記載のイオン検出センサの出力(波形51)と比べて、本実施形態に係る水分検出素子1の出力(波形52)の方が格段に大きい。
これに対し、図4に示すように、本実施形態に係る水分検出素子1は、特許文献2に記載のイオン検出センサより、1桁以上大きな値を出力することができる。
本実施形態に係る水分検出素子1は、このように大きな値を出力することができるため、アンプを必要とせず、省電力化や、小型化を実現することができる。
まず、図5(a)において、横軸は印加される交流電圧の周波数(Hz)を示し、縦軸が印加電圧(Vi)に対する出力電圧(Vo)の比(Vo/Vi)を示している。
図5(a)に示すように、水分子11(図2参照)等に由来するインピーダンスの影響で印加電圧Viより出力電圧Voがやや小さくなっているものの、ほとんどの周波数において安定して印加電圧(Vi)≒出力電圧(Vo)となっている(Vo/Vi≒1)。
図5(b)に示すように、検出部分の全長Wが大きくなるに従ってS/N比が大きくなっている。これは、検出部分の全長Wが長くなるにつれて、出力電圧Voを検出する面積が大きくなり、これに伴って、ノイズが相対的に低くなるためである。このように、印加電極2及び検出電極3の形状を櫛歯状とし、印加電極2及び検出電極3において、互いの櫛歯がかみ合うように離間して配置されるようにすることで、検出部分の全長Wを長くすることができ、高いS/N比を実現することができる。
これに対し、例えば、比較例の技術(特許文献1のように乾湿膜を用いて湿度を計測する技術)の応答特性を示す図5(d)では、横軸が時間を示し、縦軸が乾湿膜に流れるイオン電流に基づく湿度を示している。なお、本実施形態における水分検出素子1では交流電圧が出力されるため、実際には、出力波形は後記する図18のような波形となるのだが、図5(d)との比較をしやすくするため、図5(c)では直流的に示している。従って、図5(c)は、出力される交流電圧のピーク値の変化としてとらえてもよい。
なお、図5(c)において時刻t1は、水分検出素子1が呼気導入開始されたと判定した時刻であり、時刻t2は呼気導入が終了した時刻である。そして、時刻t3は、出力電圧Viが呼気導入前の状態にほぼ戻った時刻である。
また、図5(d)において時刻t1aは、比較例の技術において、呼気導入が開始されたと判定した時刻であり、時刻t2aは呼気導入が終了した時刻である。なお、図5(d)では、呼気導入開始から5秒以上経過しても出力電圧Viが呼気導入前の状態に戻っていないことがわかる。
これは、図2(b)及び図2(d)に示すように、本実施形態に係る水分検出素子1は、水分子11が絶縁部4に付着することによる、インピーダンスの変化によって検出電極3が電圧を検出する。このように、本実施形態に係る水分検出素子1は、優れた応答性を実現することができる。
なお、図1(b)に示す印加電極2と、検出電極3における櫛歯間隔を調節することで応答時間を調節することもできる。
これに対し、本実施形態に係る水分検出素子1は、図5(c)に示すように、図5(d)よりも立ち上がりがするどく、短時間(およそ1秒未満)でピークに達している。すなわち、本実施形態に係る水分検出素子1は、比較例の技術に対して応答性がよい。また、ピーク時の出力電圧Voは、ほぼ印加電圧Viの値となっている(Vo/Vi≒1)。
このように、本実施形態に係る水分検出素子1は、短い時間で呼気の測定を十分に行うことができる。
図5(d)に示すように、比較例では呼気導入前の状態に戻る速度が遅い。従って、比較例の技術では、再測定が可能な状態になるまで30秒~1分程度かかる。
これに対し、本実施形態に係る水分検出素子1は、図5(c)に示すように、呼気導入開始から、出力電圧Viが呼気導入前の状態に戻るまで、およそ3秒である。このように、本実施形態に係る水分検出素子1では、呼気導入が終了すると、即座に呼気導入前の状態に戻ることができるため、すぐに次の検査を始めることができる。
図6は、本実施形態に係る低温タイプ及び高温タイプの水分検出素子の例を示す図であり、(a)は水分検出素子の上面図を示し、(b)は低温タイプの水分検出素子の原理を示す模式図を示し、(c)は高温タイプの水分検出素子の原理を示す模式図を示す。
本実施形態に係る水分検出素子1は、前記したように絶縁部4が凹凸構造を有している。
この凹凸構造は、図6に示すように低温環境下(所定の温度以下の環境下)で使用する低温タイプと、高温環境下(所定の温度以上の環境下)で使用する高温タイプとで区別することができる。
すなわち、図6(b)に示すように低温タイプの水分検出素子1aは、高温タイプの水分検出素子1bより絶縁部4aの凹凸を小さくし、逆に高温タイプでは図6(c)に示すように低温タイプより絶縁部4bの凹凸を大きくしている。
高温では飽和水蒸気量が大きくなるため、呼気の湿度(相対湿度)が低くなる。このため、高温タイプでは、絶縁部4bの凹凸を大きくすることで、水分(水分子11(図2参照))が付着しやすいようにしている。このようにすることで、呼気の湿度が低い高温環境下でも適切に動作する水分検出素子1bを提供することができる。
図7は、本実施形態に係る低温タイプ及び高温タイプの水分検出素子の別の例を示す図であり、(a)は水分検出素子の上面図を示し、(b)は低温タイプの水分検出素子の原理を示す模式図を示し、(c)は高温タイプの水分検出素子の原理を示す模式図を示す。
なお、図7(b)に示す小さい突起状の凹凸を有する絶縁部4cを備えた低温タイプの水分検出素子1cと、図7(c)に示す大きい突起状の凹凸を有する絶縁部4dを備える高温タイプの水分検出素子1dとに、図7(a)に示すように交流電源5から印加電圧(交流電圧)が印加されている。
図8は、絶縁部における凹凸構造の形成方法を示す図であり、(a)は加工処理を示し、(b)はアモルファス処理を示し、(c)はプリント処理を示す。
絶縁部4の凹凸は、図8(a)に示されるように、破線で示している状態から、絶縁部4が削られる加工処理で形成されてもよいし、図8(b)に示されるように、アモルファス処理で絶縁部4が形成されてもよいし、図8(c)に示されるように、平らな基板上に凹凸がプリントされるプリント処理で絶縁部4が形成されてもよい。なお、図8(b)に示すアモルファス処理で形成された絶縁部4は、なめらかな表面を有しているようにみえるが、実際には結晶単位の凹凸が存在している。
図9は、本実施形態に係る水分検出素子1の別の例を示す図である。なお、図9において、図1と同様の構成については、同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
図9に示す水分検出素子1C(1)では、印加電極2a(2)及び検出電極3a(3)が渦巻き状となっている。このように、検出電極3及び印加電極2は、図1に示すような櫛歯となっていなくてもよい。
次に、水分検出素子1を利用した呼気センサについて説明する。
(平面配置構造)
図10は、平面配置構造を有する呼気センサの例を示す図である。
図10に示す平面配置構造を有する呼気センサ(ガス検出装置)100a(100)では、平面構造を有する回路基板の中心に水分検出素子1が配置され、水分検出素子1の周囲に小型の各種ガスセンサ(ガス検出部)101が配置されている。水分検出素子1は、図1及び図6、図7、図9のいずれかに示すものである。
水分検出素子1の周囲に配置されるガスセンサ101は、一酸化炭素用のガスセンサ101a、一酸化窒素用のガスセンサ101b、アルコール用のガスセンサ101c、アセトアルデヒド用のガスセンサ101d、アセトン用のガスセンサ101e、水素用のガスセンサ101f等を含んで構成される。なお、アルコールには種々の物質が含まれるが、本実施例では、一例として、エタノールを用いて説明する。
図11は、同軸構造を有する呼気センサの例を示す図であり、(a)は呼気センサの外観斜視図を示し、(b)は呼気センサの上面図を示し、(c)は基板部の構造を示し、(d)はガスセンサが取り付けられる箇所における構造を示し、(e)はガスセンサの取付方向についての別の例を示す図である。
図11(a)及び図11(b)に示すように、呼気センサ100b(100)では中心に棒状の印加電極112(2)が配置され、印加電極112の周囲に筒状の検出電極113(3)が配置されている。印加電極112と、検出電極113とは、1つ以上(図11の例では4つ)の板状の基板部120で接続されている。基板部120では、図11(c)に示すように、棒状の印加電極112に接続されている印加電極板122及び筒状の検出電極113に接続されている検出電極板123を有している。印加電極板122及び検出電極板123は櫛歯状の構造を有しており、図1(b)の印加電極2及び検出電極3のように印加電極板122及び検出電極板123における櫛歯が互いにかみ合うように離間して設置されている。また、印加電極板122及び検出電極板123の間には絶縁部124(4)が介在している。このような構成は、図1で示される構成と同様であるので、ここでは詳細な説明を省略する。
図11(d)に示すように、筒状の検出電極113において、ガスセンサ101の設置箇所に対応する箇所に貫通孔131が設けられている。検出電極113の内側に導入された呼気は、この貫通孔131から外側に向かおうとする。この際、貫通孔131に設けられているガスセンサ101が呼気に含まれるガス成分を検出する。
図11(a)~(d)に示すような構成とすることにより、呼気センサ201そのものを筒状にすることができるので、確保するスペースの形状を多様化することができる。
なお、本実施形態に用いられるガスセンサ101は、可能な限り小型であることが望ましい。
次に、図12及び図13を参照して、本実施形態に係る呼気センサ100を備えた呼気検査装置の例を示す。
(モバイルタイプ)
図12は、モバイルタイプの呼気検査装置の例を示す図である。
図12に示す呼気検査装置201a(201)は、例えば、名刺サイズの大きさを有する。
呼気検査装置201aは、呼気導入口202a及び表示部203を有している。呼気検査装置201aの内部には呼気センサ100(図10及び図11参照)が搭載されている。
すなわち、呼気導入口202aから呼気検査装置201aの内部に導入された呼気は、内部の呼気センサ100によって呼気及びガスの検出が行われる。そして、呼気検査装置201aによる検査結果が表示部203に表示される。
図11に示す呼気センサ100bが用いられる場合、呼気導入口202aが図11に示す呼気センサ100bの端部に直接接続された構成となっていてもよい。このような構成とすることで、呼気検査装置201のサイズを、さらに小さくすることができる。
図13は、ステアリングホイールに組み込まれた呼気検査装置の例を示す図である。
図13に示す呼気検査装置201b(201)では、ステアリングホイール211の内部に呼気センサ100が組み込まれている。ステアリングホイール211のリング部には、図13に示すように呼気導入口202bが設けられている。呼気導入口202bからステアリングホイール211のリング部の内部に導入された呼気中の水分及びガスは、リング部の内部に設けられている呼気センサ100によって検出される。
図11に示す呼気センサ100bを用いれば、呼気センサ100bの端部同士を結合させてリング状とすることで、呼気センサ100bそのものをステアリングホイール211のリング部とすることができる。これにより、ステアリングホイール211と呼気センサ100とを一体化することができる。この結果、別装置として呼気センサ100を設置する必要がなくなり、呼気センサ100を設置するためのスペースを確保する必要がなくなる。
図14は、本実施形態に係る呼気検査システムの機能ブロックの例を示す図である。
呼気検査システムZは、呼気検出装置300と、解析装置500と、送信装置601と、記憶装置602とを含む。
呼気検出装置300は、呼気センサ100及び計測制御装置400を有している。呼気センサ100は、水分検出素子1と、ガスセンサ101とを有しているが、図10、図11で説明済みであるので、ここでの説明を省略する。
計測制御装置400は、交流電源5の周波数を変換して出力する。
また、呼気検出装置300は、水分検出素子1や、ガスセンサ101から入力されたアナログ信号を、A/D(Analog/Digital)変換器301a,301bでディジタル信号に変換して解析装置500へ出力する。
送信装置601は、解析装置500による解析結果(ドライバの状態に関する情報等)を図示しない中央情報センタに通知する。
図15は、本実施形態に係る計測制御装置の構成例を示す機能ブロック図である。
計測制御装置400は、メモリ401、CPU(Central Processing Unit)402、入力装置403、AC/ACインバータ回路404、交流端子405、AC/DCコンバータ回路406及び直流端子407を有する。
メモリ401には、プログラムがCPU402によって実行されることで、制御部411が具現化している。
制御部411は、入力装置403を介して入力された情報に基づいてAC/ACインバータ回路404や、AC/DCコンバータ回路406に指示を送る。
また、AC/DCコンバータ回路406は、制御部411から送られた指示に基づいて、交流電源5から入力された交流電圧の電圧を変換し、さらに交流電流を直流電流に変換して直流端子407へ出力する。直流端子407には、ガスセンサ101が接続される。
図16は、本実施形態に係る解析装置の構成例を示す機能ブロック図である。
解析装置500は、例えば、PC(Personal Computer)であり、メモリ501、CPU502、送受信装置503、表示装置504、HDD(Hard Disk Drive)等の記憶装置505等を有している。
メモリ501には、記憶装置505に格納されているプログラムがロードされ、CPU502によって実行されることで、処理部511、及び処理部511を構成する水分測定処理部512、ガス測定処理部513、判定処理部514が具現化されている。
水分測定処理部512は、水分検出素子1から送られた信号を基に呼気に含まれる水分の測定に関する処理を行う。
ガス測定処理部513は、ガスセンサ101から送られた信号を基に呼気に含まれる各種ガスの測定に関する処理を行う。
判定処理部514は、ガス測定処理部513の測定結果に基づいて、例えば、被検者が飲酒をしていないか否かの判定を行う。
例えば、図12に示す呼気検査装置201aは、呼気検出装置300、解析装置500、送信装置601及び記憶装置602のすべてを備えていてもよい。
また、図13に示す呼気検査装置201bは、呼気検出装置300の部分だけを備え、解析装置500、送信装置601及び記憶装置602の部分を車両中の別の場所に備えるようにしてもよい。
次に、図17~図21を参照して、本実施形態に係る呼気検査システムZの処理手順を示す。適宜、図13~図16を参照する。
(呼気検出処理)
図17は、本実施形態に係る呼気検出処理の手順を示すフローチャートである。
まず、ユーザが呼気検査システムZの電源をONとする(S101)ことにより、印加電極2に交流電圧(印加電圧)が印加される(S102)。なお、印加される交流電圧は計測制御装置400の交流端子405から出力されるものである。
その後、被検者が呼気導入口に呼気を導入することで、呼気導入が開始される(S103)。
そして、水分測定処理部512が、水分検出素子1からの出力電圧Voの測定を開始することで水分測定が開始される(S104)。この際、水分測定処理部512は、時刻0から時刻t0までの電圧値を現在の出力電圧からオフセット値として差し引くことで出力電圧Voを算出するものとする。
ステップS111の結果、水分検出素子1からの出力電圧Voが第1の閾値Vth1未満である場合(S111→No)、呼気強度不足として、被検者に呼気導入を継続させる(S112)。そして、水分測定処理部512はステップS111に処理を戻す。
ステップS111の結果、出力電圧Voが第1の閾値Vth1以上である場合(S111→Yes)、水分測定処理部512は、水分検出素子1からの出力電圧Voが第2の閾値Vth2以上となったか否かを判定する(S113)。なお、第1の閾値Vth1<第2の閾値Vth2である。また、出力電圧Voは、実際には交流電圧となるので、水分測定処理部512は、出力電圧ピークが第2の閾値Vth2以上となった回数が所定回数を超えたか否かによって、「出力電圧Voが第1の閾値Vth2以上となったか否か」を判定する。このことは、後記して説明する。
ステップS113の結果、出力電圧Voが第2の閾値Vth2以上である場合(S113→Yes)、水分測定処理部512は、呼気強度が十分であると判定する(S121)。その後、被検者は呼気導入を終了する(S122)。このとき、呼気検出装置300は、ブザーや、音声や、画面表示等で呼気導入を終了させる旨を被検者に通知する。
図18において、横軸は時間(sec)を示し、縦軸は出力電圧(任意単位)を示している。なお、図5(c)及び図18では、異なる試験におけるデータが用いられているため、各事象の時刻が異なっているが、ほぼ同様の特性を示している。
まず、時刻t0で被検者が呼気導入を始めると(図17のステップS103)、出力電圧が上昇し始め、時刻t11で出力電圧が第1の閾値Vth1を超える(図17のステップS111;Yes)。また、時刻t0は図5(c)の時刻t1に相当する。
その後、出力電圧は上昇し続け、時刻t12で出力電圧ピークが15回、第2の閾値Vth2を超える(図17のステップS113;Yes)。このときの回数は任意に決めることができる。この回数は、周波数により異なるが、出力電圧が第1の閾値Vth1を超えた後、おおよそ1秒から3秒に相当するピーク数とする。
ちなみに、第2の閾値Vth2は、導入された空気(呼気)中に水分が含まれていることが確認されるのに十分な出力電圧である。
その後、時刻t13で被検者は呼気導入を終了する(図17のステップS122)。なお、時刻t13は図5(c)の時刻t2に相当する。
図19及び図20は、本実施形態に係るガス検出処理の手順を示すフローチャートである。図19及び図20に示す処理では図17に示す処理が利用されている。なお、図19及び図20では、検出するガスがアルコールである場合を示しているが、アルコール以外のガスも同様の手順で検出することができる。実際のアルコール検出では、アルコール以外に、代謝物であるアセトアルデヒド、呼気中の濃度が約10ppmと高い水素をガス測定の対象とし、アルコール、アセトアルデヒド及び水素のガス濃度を基に、アルコールのガス濃度が算出される。このようにすることで、正確なアルコールのガス濃度を算出することが可能となる。ここでも、この手法を用いることとし、ガスセンサ101として、アルコール用のガスセンサ101c、アセトアルデヒド用のガスセンサ101d及び水素用のガスセンサ101fが使用される。以下、アルコール用のガスセンサ101c、アセトアルデヒド用のガスセンサ101d及び水素用のガスセンサ101fの各ガスセンサ101をガスセンサ101c、101d、101fと称する。また、図19及び図20のフローチャートで、図17と同様の処理については同一のステップ番号を付す。
まず、ユーザが呼気検査システムZの電源をONとする(図19のS101)ことにより、印加電極2に交流電圧が印加される(S102)。なお、印加される交流電圧は計測制御装置400の交流端子405から出力されるものである。
その後、被検者が呼気導入口に呼気を導入することで、呼気導入が開始される(S103)。
そして、水分測定処理部512が、水分検出素子1からの出力電圧Voの測定を開始することで水分測定が開始される(S104)。この際、水分測定処理部512は、時刻0から時刻t0までの電圧値を現在の出力電圧からオフセット値として差し引くことで出力電圧Voを算出するものとする。
ステップS111の結果、出力電圧Voが第1の閾値Vth1未満である場合(S111→No)、水分測定処理部512は呼気強度不足として、被検者に呼気導入を継続させる(S112)。そして、処理部511はステップS111に処理を戻す。
ステップS111の結果、出力電圧Voが第1の閾値Vth1以上である場合(S111→Yes)、ガス測定処理部513はガスセンサ101c,101d,101fからの出力測定(ガス測定)を開始する(S201)。
その後、水分測定処理部512は、水分検出素子1からの出力電圧Voが第2の閾値Vth2以上となったか否かを判定する(S113)。出力電圧Voが第2の閾値Vth2以上となったか否かの判定手法は、図17のステップS113と同様である。
ステップS113の結果、出力電圧Voが第2の閾値Vth2以上である場合(S113→Yes)、水分測定処理部512は、呼気強度が十分であると判定し(S121)、処理部511は呼気導入を終了する(S122)とともに、ガス測定処理部513はガスセンサ101c,101d,101fからの出力測定(ガス測定)を終了する(S211)。
さらに、ガス測定処理部513は、ステップS221で算出したアルコール、アセトアルデヒド及び水素の各ガス飽和出力信号を基に、差分進化法により飽和状態でのアルコール、アセトアルデヒド及び水素の各ガス濃度(飽和ガス濃度)を算出する(S222)。このように、複数の飽和ガス濃度を基に、差分進化法を用いて、あるガスの飽和ガス濃度を算出することで、精度の高い飽和ガス濃度を算出することができる。
ステップS223の結果、ステップS222で算出したアルコールの飽和ガス濃度(アルコール濃度)が基準値未満である場合(S223→No)、判定処理部514は、被検者が飲酒をしていないと判定する(S224)。
ステップS223の結果、ステップS222で算出したアルコールの飽和ガス濃度(アルコール濃度)が基準値以上である場合(S223→Yes)、判定処理部514は、被検者が飲酒をしていると判定する(S225)。
図21における時刻t11は、図18における時刻t11である。すなわち、図21では、時刻t11において水分検出素子1からの出力電圧がVth1を超えたことを示している。そして、ガス測定処理部513は、水分検出素子1からの出力電圧がVth1を超えた時刻t11において、ガス測定を開始する(図19のステップS201)。なお、呼気導入の検知前にガスセンサ101が反応し始めているため、時刻t11は原点よりやや+側にある。
このように、本実施形態の水分検出素子1を利用した呼気検査システムZによれば、大変短い時間にガス(例えば、アルコール)の検査を行うことができる。
また、各実施形態において、制御線や情報線は説明上必要と考えられるものを示しており、製品上必ずしもすべての制御線や情報線を示しているとは限らない。実際には、ほとんどすべての構成が相互に接続されていると考えてよい。
2,2a,112 印加電極(印加部)
3,3a,113 検出電極(出力部)
4,4a~4d,114 絶縁部
5 交流電源
11 水分子
20a,20b 等価回路
21 水分子の等価回路
100,100a,100b 呼気センサ(ガス検出装置)
101,101a~101f ガスセンサ(ガス検出部)
120 基板部
122 印加電極板
123 検出電極板
131 貫通孔
201,201a,201b 呼気検査装置
202a,202b 呼気導入口
203 表示部
211 ステアリングホイール
300 呼気検出装置
301a,301b A/D変換器
400 計測制御装置
403 入力装置
404 AC/ACインバータ回路
405 交流端子
406 AC/DCコンバータ回路
407 直流端子
500 解析装置
503 送受信装置
504 表示装置
511 処理部
512 水分測定処理部
513 ガス測定処理部
514 判定処理部
601 送信装置
602 記憶装置
C1,C2,Ca コンデンサ
Ra 抵抗
Z 呼気検査システム
Claims (14)
- 絶縁性の材料で構成される絶縁部と、
電圧が印加される印加部と、
前記印加部に前記印加された電圧によって、前記絶縁性の材料の表面に付着した水分子を介した電気経路に流れる電流に応じた電圧信号を出力する出力部と、
を有することを特徴とする水分検出素子。 - 前記絶縁部は、
少なくとも表面に酸素原子が配置した構造で構成されている
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の水分検出素子。 - 前記絶縁部は、
絶縁性金属酸化物である
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の水分検出素子。 - 前記絶縁部は、
前記水分子が付着する面に凹凸が設けられている
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の水分検出素子。 - 前記絶縁部の凹凸は、
所定の温度以上の環境下で用いられる場合、前記所定の温度以下の環境下で用いられるものよりも、前記絶縁部の凹凸の大きさが大きい
ことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の水分検出素子。 - 前記印加部に印加される電圧は、交流電圧である
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の水分検出素子。 - 棒状の形状を有する第1の電極と、
前記第1の電極を内包する筒状の形状を有する第2の電極と、
前記第1の電極と、前記第2の電極と、に接続される板状部と、
を有し、
前記板状部は、
前記絶縁性の物質と、前記印加部と、前記出力部と、
を有し、
前記印加部及び前記出力部の一方が、前記第1の電極に接続され、
前記印加部及び前記出力部の他方が、前記第2の電極に接続されている
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の水分検出素子。 - 絶縁性の材料で構成される絶縁部と、
電圧が印加される印加部と、
前記印加部に前記印加された電圧によって、前記絶縁性の材料の表面に付着した水分子を介した電気経路に流れる電流に応じた電圧信号を出力する出力部と、
前記出力に基づき水分を検出する水分検出部と、を備えるとともに、
前記水分検出部の周囲に設置され、所定の種類のガスの濃度を測定するガス測定部
を備えることを特徴とするガス検出装置。 - 前記ガス測定部は、
アルコール濃度を測定するアルコール測定部、一酸化炭素濃度を測定する一酸化炭素測定部、一酸化窒素濃度を測定する一酸化窒素測定部、アセトン濃度を測定するアセトン測定部、アセトアルデヒド濃度を測定するアセトアルデヒド測定部及び水素濃度を測定する水素測定部のうち、少なくとも1つである
ことを特徴とする請求項8に記載のガス検出装置。 - 絶縁性の材料で構成される絶縁部と、
電圧が印加される印加部と、
前記印加部に前記印加された電圧によって、前記絶縁性の材料に付着した水分子を介した電気経路に流れる電流に応じた電圧信号を出力する出力部と、
前記出力に基づき水分を検出する水分検出部と、を備えるとともに、
呼気が導入される呼気導入部と、
前記水分検出部の周囲に設置され、所定の種類のガスの濃度を測定するガス測定部と、
を有すことを特徴とする呼気検査システム。 - 前記水分検出部、前記ガス測定部及び前記呼気導入部が、携帯端末に設置されている
ことを特徴とする請求項10に記載の呼気検査システム。 - 前記水分検出部及び前記ガス測定部及び前記呼気導入部が、ステアリングホイールに設置されている
ことを特徴とする請求項10に記載の呼気検査システム。 - 前記水分検出部から第1の信号を取得し、前記ガス測定部から第2の信号を取得し、前記第1の信号及び前記第2の信号を解析する解析部
を有し、
前記解析部は、
前記水分検出部から取得した信号が第1の閾値を超えると、前記ガス測定部から信号を取得することを開始し、
前記水分検出部から取得した信号が、前記第1の閾値より大きい第2の閾値を超えると、前記ガス測定部から信号を取得することを停止し、
前記ガス測定部から信号を取得することを開始したときの前記第2の信号の信号値と、前記ガス測定部から信号を取得することを停止したときの前記第2の信号の信号値と、を基に、前記呼気中における前記ガスの飽和濃度を算出する
ことを特徴とする請求項10に記載の呼気検査システム。 - 前記ガスは、アルコール、アセトアルデヒド及び水素であり、
前記解析部は、
前記アルコール、アセトアルデヒド及び水素の飽和濃度を基に、被検者における飲酒の有無を判定する
ことを特徴とする請求項13に記載の呼気検査システム。
Priority Applications (4)
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US15/767,509 US10883949B2 (en) | 2015-10-15 | 2015-10-15 | Moisture detection element, gas detection device, and breath inspection system |
PCT/JP2015/079115 WO2017064784A1 (ja) | 2015-10-15 | 2015-10-15 | 水分検出素子、ガス検出装置及び呼気検査システム |
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JP2020153912A (ja) * | 2019-03-22 | 2020-09-24 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 水分検出素子、呼気ガス検出装置、呼気検査システム及び呼気検出素子の製造方法 |
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US20180284048A1 (en) | 2018-10-04 |
JPWO2017064784A1 (ja) | 2018-04-12 |
EP3364178A1 (en) | 2018-08-22 |
EP3364178A4 (en) | 2019-07-10 |
EP3364178B1 (en) | 2023-04-12 |
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