WO2017038072A1 - 光検出器 - Google Patents
光検出器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017038072A1 WO2017038072A1 PCT/JP2016/003907 JP2016003907W WO2017038072A1 WO 2017038072 A1 WO2017038072 A1 WO 2017038072A1 JP 2016003907 W JP2016003907 W JP 2016003907W WO 2017038072 A1 WO2017038072 A1 WO 2017038072A1
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- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 170
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 170
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0232—Optical elements or arrangements associated with the device
- H01L31/02327—Optical elements or arrangements associated with the device the optical elements being integrated or being directly associated to the device, e.g. back reflectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/08—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors
- H01L31/10—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors characterised by potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors
- H01L31/101—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation
- H01L31/102—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/0256—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by the material
- H01L31/0264—Inorganic materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/0256—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by the material
- H01L31/0264—Inorganic materials
- H01L31/028—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping material or other impurities, only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/0352—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their shape or by the shapes, relative sizes or disposition of the semiconductor regions
- H01L31/035272—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their shape or by the shapes, relative sizes or disposition of the semiconductor regions characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/035281—Shape of the body
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/08—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors
- H01L31/10—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors characterised by potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors
- H01L31/101—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation
- H01L31/102—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier
- H01L31/105—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier the potential barrier being of the PIN type
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a photodetector used in optical communication, and more particularly to a photodetector using germanium formed on a silicon wafer.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing the structure of a conventional waveguide-coupled germanium photodetector.
- 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG.
- the cladding layer 103 and the electrodes 116 to 118 shown in FIG. 2 are omitted, and the electrodes 116 to 118 are in contact with the p ++ silicon electrode portions 112 and 113 and the n-type germanium region 115. Only a two-dot chain line is shown.
- the germanium photodetector 100 is formed on a SOI (Silicon On On Insulator) substrate composed of a silicon substrate, a silicon oxide film, and a surface silicon layer using a lithography technique or the like.
- the germanium photodetector 100 includes a silicon substrate 101, a lower cladding layer 102 made of a silicon oxide film on the silicon substrate, a core layer 110 that guides signal light, and a germanium layer that absorbs light formed on the core layer 110. 114 and an upper cladding layer 103 formed on the core layer 110 and the germanium layer 114.
- the core layer 110 is formed with a p-type silicon slab 111 doped with p-type impurity ions and p ++ silicon electrode portions 112 and 113 which are doped with p-type impurities at a high concentration and function as electrodes.
- the germanium layer 114 is laminated by epitaxial growth or the like, and an n-type germanium region 115 doped with an n-type impurity is formed thereon. Electrodes 116 to 118 are provided on the p ++ silicon electrode portions 112 and 113 and the n-type germanium region 115 so as to be in contact therewith.
- the germanium photodetector when light is incident on the core layer 110 and absorbed by the germanium layer 114, a photocurrent flows between the electrode 117 and the electrodes 116 and 118. Detect light.
- the conventional germanium photodetector has a problem that current or dark current is large in the absence of light incidence.
- the present invention has been made in view of such problems, and an object thereof is to provide a germanium photodetector in which dark current is reduced without impairing photocurrent.
- the invention according to claim 1 is a photodetector, which is formed on a silicon substrate, a lower cladding layer formed on the silicon substrate, and the lower cladding layer.
- the germanium layer has a plurality of n-type germanium regions corresponding to a plurality of surfaces in contact with the p-type silicon slab, and the electrode is common to the plurality of n-type germanium regions. It comprises a set of electrodes including at least one first electrode connected to a p-type silicon slab and one second electrode connected to the plurality of n-type germanium regions.
- the core layer includes a plurality of input waveguide portions.
- Another aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the plurality of surfaces of the germanium layer in contact with the p-type silicon slab have different areas.
- the p-type silicon slab is a p ++ silicon electrode doped with a high concentration of p-type impurities on both sides of the germanium layer. And the electrode connected to the p-type silicon slab is in contact with the p ++ silicon electrode portion.
- Another aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the surface of the germanium layer in contact with the p-type silicon slab is arranged in series with respect to the light traveling direction.
- Another aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the surface of the germanium layer in contact with the p-type silicon slab is arranged in parallel with the light traveling direction.
- the present invention has the effect of reducing only the dark current without impairing the photocurrent of the germanium photodetector.
- the S / N ratio can be increased and the reception sensitivity can be increased, so that the power consumption of the transmitter can be reduced and the transmission distance can be extended.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG. It is a figure which shows the dark current of the germanium photodetector from which the bottom face dimension of a germanium layer differs, and made the horizontal axis the bottom area. It is a figure which shows the dark current of the germanium photodetector from which the bottom face dimension of a germanium layer differs, and made the horizontal axis the bottom periphery length. It is a top view which shows only the core layer 210 and the germanium layers 241 and 242 of the germanium photodetector which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- FIG. 1 shows typically the structure of the conventional waveguide coupling type germanium photodetector.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG. It is a figure which shows the dark current of the germanium photodetector from which the bottom face dimension of a germanium layer differs, and made the horizontal axis the bottom area
- FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line VI-VI in FIG. 5.
- FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line VII-VII in FIG. 5.
- FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line VIII-VIII in FIG. 5. It is a top view which shows only the core layer 210 and the germanium layers 241 and 242 of the germanium photodetector which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XX in FIG. 9.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view showing only a core layer 210 and germanium layers 241 to 2 mn of a germanium photodetector according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view showing only a core layer 210 and germanium layers 251 to 25n of a germanium photodetector according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a sectional view taken along line XIII-XIII in FIG. It is a top view which shows only the core layer 210 and germanium layers 241-24n of the germanium photodetector which concerns on Embodiment 5 of this invention.
- FIG. 10 is a plan view showing only a core layer 210 and germanium layers 241 to 2 mn of another germanium photodetector according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- the other is dark current generated in threading dislocations existing inside the germanium layer 114 crystal. This is due to the lattice mismatch between silicon and germanium, the difference in thermal expansion coefficient, and the like.
- the size of the surface is the area where the germanium layer 114 and the core layer 110 are in contact and the area where the germanium layer 114 and the electrode 117 are in contact. There is a correlation.
- the surface where the germanium layer 114 and the core layer 110 are in contact refers to the bottom surface of the germanium layer 114 that absorbs light, and the surface where the germanium layer 114 and the electrode 117 are in contact is the germanium layer.
- the upper surface of 114 is indicated.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the dark current of the germanium photodetector with respect to the area of the bottom surface in contact with the core layer of the germanium layer.
- the vertical axis represents dark current
- the horizontal axis represents the area of the bottom surface in contact with the core layer of the germanium layer.
- the equation in the figure is the result of fitting with a linear equation, and the correlation between the area and dark current is very high, and it can be seen that the dark current is dark current due to threading dislocations.
- the linear expression obtained by fitting has a negative intercept, which is considered to be because the dark current becomes 0 when the upper surface of the germanium layer becomes 0.
- the intercept of the relational expression between the area of the bottom surface and the dark current is smaller. This means that even if the bottom surface has the same area, the dark current also decreases as the top surface area decreases. That is, it is considered that the dark current can be reduced by reducing the area of the upper surface of the germanium layer, that is, the area in contact with the electrode of the germanium layer.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the dark current of the germanium photodetector with respect to the bottom peripheral length of the germanium layer.
- the vertical axis is the dark current
- the horizontal axis is the bottom peripheral length of the germanium layer. It can be seen that the correlation coefficient when approximated by the linear equation is small and is not a dark current due to the peripheral length.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view in which the upper cladding layer of the germanium photodetector 200 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the p-type germanium region doped with the n-type impurity on the germanium layer, and the electrode are omitted.
- 6 is a sectional view taken along line VI-VI in FIG. 5
- FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line VII-VII in FIG. 5
- FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line VIII-VIII in FIG.
- the core layer 210, the p-type silicon slab 211 doped with p-type impurity ions formed in a part of the core layer 210, and the p-type impurity are doped at a high concentration.
- Only p ++ silicon electrode portions 212 and 213 acting as electrodes, germanium layers 241 and 242 for absorbing light, and n-type germanium regions 215-1 and 215-2 are shown, and the upper cladding layer and the electrodes are omitted.
- the positions where the electrodes are in contact with the p ++ silicon electrode portions 212 and 213 and the n-type germanium regions 215-1 and 215-2 are indicated by two-dot chain lines.
- the germanium photodetector 200 is formed on a SOI substrate including a silicon substrate, a silicon oxide film, and a surface silicon layer by using a lithography technique or the like.
- the germanium photodetector 200 includes a silicon substrate 201, a lower cladding layer 202 made of a silicon oxide film on the silicon substrate, a core layer 210 that guides signal light, and a germanium layer that absorbs light formed on the core layer 210. 241 and 242, and an upper clad layer 203 formed on the core layer 210 and the germanium layers 241 and 242.
- the core layer 210 is formed with a p-type silicon slab 211 doped with p-type impurity ions and p ++ silicon electrode portions 212 and 213 which are doped with p-type impurities at a high concentration and function as electrodes.
- the germanium layers 241 and 242 are stacked by epitaxial growth or the like, and an n-type germanium region 215 doped with an n-type impurity is formed thereon. Electrodes 216 to 218 are provided on the p ++ silicon electrode portions 212 and 213 and the n-type germanium region 215 so as to be in contact therewith.
- the cross sections at the respective positions of the germanium layers 241 and 242 of the germanium photodetector 200 have the same structure as FIG. 2 as shown in FIG.
- the cross section between the germanium layers 241 and 242 is the same as the structure shown in FIG. It has a structure without only.
- the germanium layer is downsized, the light absorption region becomes small, and there is a possibility that a sufficient photocurrent cannot be obtained. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, the two germanium layers 241 and 242 are arranged in series with respect to the light traveling direction to ensure a sufficient light absorption region.
- FIG. 9 is a plan view in which the upper cladding layer of the germanium photodetector 300 according to the second embodiment of the present invention, the n-type germanium region doped with the n-type impurity on the germanium layer, and the electrode are omitted.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XX in FIG.
- FIG. 9 shows a core layer 210, a p-type silicon slab 211 doped with p-type impurity ions formed in a part of the core layer 210, and a p-type impurity doped at a high concentration.
- the cross section in each position of the germanium layer 241, 242, ..., 24n (n: positive integer) of the germanium photodetector 300 is the same structure as FIG. Further, in FIG. 9, positions where the electrodes are in contact with the p ++ silicon electrode portions 212 and 213 and the n-type germanium regions 215-1, 215-2,.
- FIG. 11 is a plan view in which the upper cladding layer of the germanium photodetector 400 according to the third embodiment of the present invention, the n-type germanium region doped with the n-type impurity on the germanium layer, and the electrode are omitted.
- FIG. 11 shows a core layer 210, a p-type silicon slab 211 doped with p-type impurity ions formed in a part of the core layer 210, and a p-type impurity doped at a high concentration.
- the positions where the electrodes are in contact with the p ++ silicon electrode portions 212 and 213 and the n-type germanium regions 215-1, 215-2,..., 215- (n ⁇ m) are indicated by two-dot chain lines.
- the germanium crystal is made smaller by providing a plurality of germanium layers 241, 242,..., 24n,..., 2m1, 2m2,. Therefore, threading dislocations are less likely to occur, and the dark current caused by threading dislocations can be reduced by reducing the area of each germanium layer in contact with the electrodes.
- a plurality of germanium layers 241, 242,..., 24 n,..., 2 m 1, 2 m 2,. Is secured.
- FIG. 12 is a plan view in which the upper cladding layer of the germanium photodetector 500 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the n-type germanium region doped with the n-type impurity on the germanium layer, and the electrode are omitted.
- FIG. 13 shows a cross section taken along line XIII-XIII in FIG. In this embodiment, germanium layers 251, 252,..., 25n (n: positive integer) and n-type germanium regions 225-1, 225-2,. The feature is that the size of each is not uniform. In FIGS. 12 and 13, as an example, the germanium layers 251, 252,..., 25n and the n-type germanium regions 225-1, 225-2,. Is shown.
- FIG. 12 shows a core layer 210, a p-type silicon slab 211 doped with p-type impurity ions formed in a part of the core layer 210, and a p-type impurity doped at a high concentration.
- the upper cladding layer and the electrode were omitted.
- the cross section in each position of the germanium layers 251, 252,..., 25n of the germanium photodetector 500 has the same structure as FIG. In FIG. 12, positions where the electrodes are in contact with the p ++ silicon electrode portions 212 and 213 and the n-type germanium regions 225-1, 225-2,.
- the optical interference due to the regularity of the germanium layer is reduced, More uniform wavelength characteristics can be obtained.
- threading dislocations are less likely to occur by reducing the germanium crystal, and the area of each germanium layer in contact with the p-type silicon slab 211 is reduced, resulting in threading dislocations.
- 24n are arranged in series with respect to the light traveling direction, and a sufficient light absorption region is secured.
- FIGS. 14A and 14B are plan views from which the upper cladding layer of the germanium photodetectors 600 and 700 according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, the n-type germanium region doped with the n-type impurity on the germanium layer, and the electrode are omitted.
- FIG. The present embodiment is characterized in that the core layer 210 includes a plurality of input waveguide portions, and the incident light is branched and incident from the plurality of input waveguide portions.
- the configuration of the present embodiment is the same as that of the second and third embodiments except that the core layer 210 includes a plurality of input waveguide portions.
- the germanium photodetector according to the present embodiment is a lumped constant circuit that does not require a circuit for speed matching between an electric signal and an optical signal unlike the distributed constant circuit.
- this embodiment can improve the maximum light input intensity due to the photocurrent dispersion effect, and can reduce the size of the device by effectively increasing the effective germanium region.
- FIG. 15 shows the measurement of dark current when two germanium layers are arranged in series as shown in FIG. 5 to reduce the area in contact with the silicon slab (with SEG) and when there is one conventional germanium layer (without SEG). It is a figure which shows a result.
- the width in the short direction of the germanium layer is 8 ⁇ m
- the length in the long direction of each germanium layer with SEG is 9 ⁇ m
- the length in the long direction of the germanium layer without SEG is 20 ⁇ m.
- the dark current can be greatly reduced by downsizing the area of the germanium layer in contact with the electrode.
- FIG. 16 shows the photocurrent measurement results when two germanium layers are arranged in series as shown in FIG. 5 to reduce the area in contact with the electrode (with SEG) and when there is one conventional germanium layer (without SEG).
- FIG. 15 the width in the short direction of the germanium layer is 8 ⁇ m, the length in the long direction of each germanium layer with SEG is 9 ⁇ m, and the length in the long direction of the germanium layer without SEG. The length is 20 ⁇ m.
- Germanium photodetector 101 201 Silicon substrate 102, 202 Lower clad layer 103, 203 Upper clad layer 110, 210 Core layer 111, 211 p-type silicon slab 112, 113, 212, 213 p ++ silicon electrode portion 114, 241-2mn, 251-25n germanium layer 115, 215-1-215 (n ⁇ m), 225-1-225-n n-type germanium region 116-118, 216-218 electrode
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Abstract
Description
図5は、本発明の実施形態1に係るゲルマニウム光検出器200の上部クラッド層、ゲルマニウム層の上部のn型不純物がドーピングされたp型ゲルマニウム領域、および電極を省いた平面図である。また図6は図5のVI-VIの断面図であり、図7は図5のVII-VIIの断面図であり、図8は図5のVIII-VIIIの断面図である。
図9は、本発明の実施形態2に係るゲルマニウム光検出器300の上部クラッド層、ゲルマニウム層の上部のn型不純物がドーピングされたn型ゲルマニウム領域、および電極を省いた平面図である。また図10は、図9のX-Xの断面図である。
図11は、本発明の実施形態3に係るゲルマニウム光検出器400の上部クラッド層、ゲルマニウム層の上部のn型不純物がドーピングされたn型ゲルマニウム領域、および電極を省いた平面図である。
図12は、本発明の実施形態4に係るゲルマニウム光検出器500の上部クラッド層、ゲルマニウム層の上部のn型不純物がドーピングされたn型ゲルマニウム領域、および電極を省いた平面図である。図13に、図12のXIII-XIIIの断面を示す。本実施形態は、実施形態2に対して、ゲルマニウム層251、252、・・・、25n(n:正の整数)およびn型ゲルマニウム領域225-1、225-2、・・・、225-nの大きさが均一でない構成を特徴としている。図12,13には、一例としてゲルマニウム層251、252、・・・、25nおよびn型ゲルマニウム領域225-1、225-2、・・・、225-nが入力端側から徐々に小さくなる構成を示している。
図14A、図14Bは、本発明の実施形態5に係るゲルマニウム光検出器600、700の上部クラッド層、ゲルマニウム層の上部のn型不純物がドーピングされたn型ゲルマニウム領域、および電極を省いた平面図である。本実施形態は、コア層210が複数の入力導波路部を備え、入射光を分岐して複数の入力導波路部から入射する構成を特徴としている。本実施形態の構成は、コア層210が複数の入力導波路部を備えている点以外は実施形態2,3と同じである。図14A、図14Bには複数の入力導波路部を備えた構成の一例を示しているが、複数の入力導波路部の位置はこれらに限らず、任意の位置に設けることが可能である。尚、本実施形態に係るゲルマニウム光検出器は、分布定数回路のように電気信号と光信号の間で速度整合を取るための回路を必要としない、集中定数回路である。
101、201 シリコン基板
102、202 下部クラッド層
103、203 上部クラッド層
110、210 コア層
111、211 p型シリコンスラブ
112、113、212、213 p++シリコン電極部
114、241~2mn、251~25n ゲルマニウム層
115、215-1~215(n×m)、225-1~225-n n型ゲルマニウム領域
116~118、216~218 電極
Claims (7)
- シリコン基板と、
前記シリコン基板上に形成された下部クラッド層と、
前記下部クラッド層上に形成され、p型不純物イオンがドーピングされたp型シリコンスラブを含むコア層と、
前記p型シリコンスラブ上に形成され、n型不純物がドーピングされたn型ゲルマニウム領域を含むゲルマニウム層と、
前記コア層および前記ゲルマニウム層上に形成された上部クラッド層と、
前記p型シリコンスラブおよび前記n型シリコン領域にそれぞれ接続された電極と
を備え、前記ゲルマニウム層は、前記p型シリコンスラブと接する面が複数あることを特徴する光検出器。 - 前記ゲルマニウム層は、前記p型シリコンスラブと接する複数の面に対応する前記n型ゲルマニウム領域が複数あり、
前記電極は、前記複数のn型ゲルマニウム領域に共通する前記p型シリコンスラブと接続された少なくとも1つの第1の電極と、前記複数のn型ゲルマニウム領域と接続された1つの第2の電極とを含む1組の電極からなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光検出器。 - 前記コア層は、複数の入力導波路部を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光検出器。
- 前記ゲルマニウム層の前記p型シリコンスラブと接する複数の面は、それぞれ面積が異なることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光検出器。
- 前記p型シリコンスラブは、前記ゲルマニウム層の両側にp型不純物が高濃度にドーピングされたp++シリコン電極部を含み、
前記p型シリコンスラブに接続された電極は、前記p++シリコン電極部に接していることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光検出器。 - 前記ゲルマニウム層の前記p型シリコンスラブと接する面は、光の進行方向に対して直列に配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光検出器。
- 前記ゲルマニウム層の前記p型シリコンスラブと接する面は、光の進行方向に対して並列に配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光検出器。
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JP2018195654A (ja) * | 2017-05-15 | 2018-12-06 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 光検出器 |
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JP6560795B2 (ja) | 2019-08-14 |
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CA2995668C (en) | 2020-12-01 |
JPWO2017038072A1 (ja) | 2017-12-14 |
US20180233618A1 (en) | 2018-08-16 |
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CA2995668A1 (en) | 2017-03-09 |
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SG11201801176SA (en) | 2018-03-28 |
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