WO2017012470A1 - 智能泊车监控管理系统及停车模式下车辆入位检测方法 - Google Patents

智能泊车监控管理系统及停车模式下车辆入位检测方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017012470A1
WO2017012470A1 PCT/CN2016/088792 CN2016088792W WO2017012470A1 WO 2017012470 A1 WO2017012470 A1 WO 2017012470A1 CN 2016088792 W CN2016088792 W CN 2016088792W WO 2017012470 A1 WO2017012470 A1 WO 2017012470A1
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Prior art keywords
vehicle
parking
information
parking space
vehicle detector
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PCT/CN2016/088792
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English (en)
French (fr)
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袁丽
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袁丽
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Publication of WO2017012470A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017012470A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/14—Traffic control systems for road vehicles indicating individual free spaces in parking areas

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of vehicle detection, in particular to an intelligent parking monitoring management system and a vehicle positioning detection method in a parking mode.
  • a smart parking charge management system in which the toll collectors are armed with a smart phone and intelligently timed and charged through a vehicle detector and a computer terminal installed in the middle of the parking space.
  • the vehicle parking information is detected by various sensors in the prior art, and the common detection methods are as follows:
  • Toroidal coil type vehicle detector also known as ground sensing, mostly embedded detection system
  • the toroidal coil type vehicle detector is a traditional traffic detector and is currently the most widely used detection device in the world. When the vehicle passes through the toroidal coil buried under the road surface, it will cause the change of the magnetic field of the toroidal coil.
  • the toroidal coil type vehicle detector calculates the traffic parameters such as the flow rate, speed, time occupancy and length of the vehicle, and uploads it to the central control.
  • the system meets the needs of the traffic control system. This method is mature, easy to master, and has the advantage of lower cost.
  • This method also has the following disadvantages: a.
  • the toroidal coil must be buried directly during installation or maintenance. Entering the lane, traffic will be temporarily blocked.
  • the slits embedded in the toroidal coil soften the road surface and easily damage the road surface, especially at signal-controlled intersections, which may be more serious when the vehicle starts or brakes.
  • the toroidal coil is susceptible to the natural environment such as freezing, subgrade sinking, and saline.
  • the toroidal coil is limited by its own measurement principle. When the traffic is congested and the distance between vehicles is less than 3m, the detection accuracy is greatly reduced or even impossible to detect.
  • the wave frequency vehicle detector is a detector that generates electromagnetic waves from the vehicle by microwave, ultrasonic wave and infrared rays.
  • the microwave vehicle detector is mainly introduced here. It is a low-cost and superior performance traffic detector, which can be widely used in cities. Traffic information detection of roads and highways.
  • the microwave vehicle detector works by using a side-mounted type that emits continuous low-power modulated microwaves in the sector and leaves a long projection on the road.
  • the microwave vehicle detector divides the projection into 32 layers with a "layer" of 2 meters.
  • the user can define the detection area as one or more layers.
  • the microwave vehicle detector measures the traffic information of the target according to the echo returned by the detected target, and sends it to the control center through RS-232 at intervals. Its speed detection principle is: a fixed length of vehicle is assumed according to all models in a specific area, and the speed of the vehicle is calculated by sensing the time of entry and departure of the vehicle in the projected area.
  • a microwave vehicle detector side mount can simultaneously detect traffic flow, road occupancy and vehicle speed for 8 lanes.
  • the measurement method of the microwave vehicle detector is accurate in the single model, the traffic flow is stable, and the road speed is evenly distributed. However, in the traffic congestion and the roads with large vehicles and uneven distribution of vehicles, the measurement accuracy will be compared due to occlusion. Great impact.
  • the microwave detector requires 3m of space from the nearest lane. If 8 lanes are to be detected, the distance from the nearest lane is also 7-9m and the installation height is required. Therefore, the installation of bridges, interchanges, and elevated roads is limited, installation is difficult, and the price is relatively expensive.
  • the video vehicle detector uses a video camera as a sensor to set a virtual coil in the video range, that is, a detection area.
  • a virtual coil in the video range that is, a detection area.
  • the background gray value changes, thereby knowing the existence of the vehicle and detecting the traffic of the vehicle. And speed.
  • the detector can be installed above and to the side of the lane.
  • traffic video detection technology can provide live video images. According to the need to move the detection coil, it has the advantages of being intuitive and reliable, convenient to install, debug and maintain, and cheap.
  • the disadvantage is that it is easily affected by environmental factors such as bad weather, lighting and shadows. The dynamic shadow of the car will also cause interference.
  • the more advanced solution is to use a magnetoresistive sensor-based detection device.
  • the internal ferromagnetic materials such as the front-end engine and the axle will go to the ground magnetic field.
  • the principle of generating distortion and distortion causes the detection of the vehicle.
  • the prior art discloses a vehicle detection system based on a Giant Magneto Resistance (GMR) magnetic sensor, and includes indoors.
  • GMR Giant Magneto Resistance
  • Outdoor light-emitting diode (LED) induction card multiple vehicle detection machines and other equipment, combined with low-cost, low-power, ad hoc network zigBee (Zibe protocol) wireless communication technology, set up a complex set
  • the vehicle management monitoring system is expensive, complicated in design, inconvenient to install, and in view of the inherent characteristics of the GMR magnetic sensor, the system has natural defects of low sensitivity, large judgment error, and large temperature drift.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an intelligent parking monitoring management system and a vehicle positioning detection method in a parking mode, which solves the problems of high cost, complicated installation, low sensitivity, large error and large temperature drift in the prior art.
  • the problem is to provide an intelligent parking monitoring management system and a vehicle positioning detection method in a parking mode, which solves the problems of high cost, complicated installation, low sensitivity, large error and large temperature drift in the prior art.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an intelligent parking monitoring management system, and a vehicle detector and a parking monitoring management center used in the system, as follows:
  • An intelligent parking monitoring management system comprising: a vehicle detector, a wireless communication unit, and a parking monitoring management center, the vehicle detector comprising: an infrared detecting module and a GMI detecting module; wherein the vehicle detector And performing comprehensive processing on the vehicle presence signal of the parking space detected by the infrared detecting module and the vehicle disturbance ground magnetic abnormal signal of the parking space detected by the GMI detecting module, and generating vehicle information of the parking space and transmitting To the wireless communication unit; the parking monitoring management center is configured to process the vehicle information that receives the parking space, and perform monitoring management and charging management on the parking space information according to the processing result.
  • the wireless communication unit includes: a relay node and a sink node; the relay node, Receiving vehicle information of the parking space issued by the vehicle detector, and processing the received vehicle information of the parking space to be sent to a target device, wherein the target device comprises: a convergence node, a street light control cabinet
  • the aggregation node is configured to receive vehicle information of the processed parking space sent by the relay node, and transmit the vehicle information to the parking monitoring management center by using a wireless communication technology; the wireless communication Technologies include WIFI, mobile communication networks, and the like.
  • the system further includes: a user terminal, a management terminal, and a big data service center; and the parking monitoring management center monitors and manages the parking space information, including: collecting parking space occupancy information, storing parking photos of each parking space, and Performing license plate recognition, monitoring vehicle detector voltage, and introducing location information and geographic information of the newly installed vehicle detector, and matching the location information and geographic information;
  • the parking monitoring management center charging management for the parking space includes: query Arrears, record the current parking time of each parking space, determine the current parking fee based on the current parking time and the identified license plate, and send the tariff to the manager terminal; the manager terminal is used to display the parking
  • the parking space number actually occupied by the vehicle is used to monitor the service state of the vehicle detector, and is used for photographing the parking vehicle and uploading it to the parking monitoring management center, and acquiring the image compression and the photographing information image OCR included in the terminal.
  • the software shares information with the traffic command and control unit data and is also used for parking monitoring
  • the fee information sent by the center charges the user of the parking vehicle;
  • the big data service center is used to provide the user with the GIS map, the navigation and the third-party payment interface, and is also used to obtain the parking in the parking monitoring management center.
  • the location information includes: a total number of empty parking spaces in a range around the user-specified location, a latitude and longitude of each parking space, whether the parking space is occupied, and the user terminal is used by the user according to the The GIS map, navigation and parking space information provided by the Big Data Service Center, set the target parking space, and use the navigation function to control the vehicle to reach the destination parking space.
  • the payment is made through cash, credit card or third-party payment interface. This parking fee.
  • the wireless communication unit comprises: at least one sink node and at least one relay node; wherein the wireless communication unit and the vehicle detector form a wireless communication network, and the wireless communication network adopts a mesh/star type a topology, the relay node is a sink node without GPRS/3G/4G function; each relay node is wirelessly connected to at least one vehicle detector, and the relay node is connected to the relay node for detecting the vehicle
  • the device constitutes a star network, and the vehicle detector transmits the detected vehicle information of the parking space to the at least one relay node, and the plurality of relay nodes pass through different channels.
  • the line communication forms a mesh network to transmit the vehicle information to the sink node; each of the parking lots deploys one sink node, at least one relay node and at least one vehicle detector; the sink node is used to connect the entire wireless communication network The vehicle information of the parking spaces detected by all the vehicle detectors is uploaded to the parking monitoring management center.
  • the relay node comprises: a wireless communication module or two different frequency bands of wireless communication modules.
  • said wireless communication unit comprises at least one sink node, said wireless communication unit and a vehicle detector forming a wireless communication network, said wireless communication network employing a star topology; wherein each sink node and at least one vehicle The detectors are connected, and the vehicle detectors connected to the sink node form a star network, and each sink node uses different channels to work simultaneously, and each parking lot deploys at least one sink node and at least one vehicle detection
  • the aggregation node is configured to upload the received vehicle information of the parking space detected by all the vehicle detectors connected to the sink node to the parking monitoring management center.
  • the vehicle detector is further configured to detect whether a parking signal of the parking space changes according to a preset frequency; and when the detected parking signal changes, send data in a data transmission time slot of the vehicle detector.
  • a preset time when there is no change in the detected parking signal, no data is transmitted in the data transmission time slot of the vehicle detector; when the detected parking signal does not change within a preset time, The vehicle detector sends a survival indication frame indicating that it is working properly, and stops detecting the survival indication frame when it detects a change in the parking signal.
  • the vehicle detector after listening to all the channels, finds a relay node corresponding to the beacon with the best signal quality through the relay selection algorithm, and receives the relay node at the relay node.
  • the join request frame time slot is sent by the vehicle detector to the relay node for a join request; wherein the join request data packet includes: a physical address of the vehicle detector.
  • the vehicle detector after listening to all the channels, finds a sink node corresponding to the beacon with the best signal quality through the relay selection algorithm, and receives the request for the join at the sink node.
  • the frame time slot is sent by the vehicle detector to the sink node for a join request; wherein the join request data packet includes: a physical address of the vehicle detector.
  • the relay selection algorithm includes: listening to all channels through the vehicle detector, each The channel monitors the beacon T time. In the T time, if the beacon frame is received, the beacon frame information is stored until the last channel is monitored; and the stored signal quality is found according to the stored beacon frame information. a good beacon, and determine whether the number of connected vehicle detectors of the beacon reaches an upper limit; if the upper limit is reached, re-search for a beacon with a good signal quality in the stored beacon frame information, if there are multiple signal qualities of the same Beacons, comparing the beacons with the same signal quality to the number of vehicle detectors, selecting the beacon with the least number of connected vehicle detectors; if there are multiple beacons with the smallest number of connected vehicle detectors, randomly Select the beacon.
  • the vehicle detector sends a join request to the relay node after receiving the request request frame time slot of the selected relay node: when the relay node returns the join response, the vehicle detector obtains the relay node assignment Network address, the network address is allocated in order from 1 to the number of connected vehicle detectors N of the relay node, the relay node is also used to store and maintain the physical address of each vehicle detector and a network address; the vehicle detector transmits data to the relay node using the network address obtained by it as a TDMA time slot for transmitting data; the relay node returns an ACK confirmation packet after receiving the data transmitted by the vehicle detector; In each transmission period, the relay node not only allocates one TDMA time slot to each vehicle detector, but also reserves a TDMA time slot according to a preset number, in the reserved TDMA time slot, the vehicle The detector sends data in CSMA mode.
  • the vehicle detector sends a join request to the sink node after receiving the request frame time slot of the selected sink node: when the sink node returns the join response, the vehicle detector obtains the network allocated by the sink node Address, the network address is allocated in order from 1 to the number of connected vehicle detectors of the sink node, the sink node is also used to store and maintain the physical address and network address of each vehicle detector; vehicle detection Transmitting, by the network address obtained by the device, a TDMA time slot as a data transmission data to the sink node; the sink node receiving the data sent by the vehicle detector and returning an ACK acknowledgement packet; wherein, in each transmission cycle
  • the sink node not only allocates one TDMA time slot to each vehicle detector, but also reserves a TDMA time slot according to a preset number. In the reserved TDMA time slot, the vehicle detector transmits data according to the CSMA manner.
  • the GMI detecting module comprises: an excitation resonant circuit unit and a magnetic abnormality detecting and conditioning circuit unit, wherein the excitation resonant circuit unit comprises: an excitation oscillator, a magnetic resonance driving circuit And a magnetically sensitive GMI probe; the excitation oscillator for exciting a high frequency alternating current for the magnetic sensitive GMI probe; the magnetic resonance driving circuit for using the high frequency alternating current to cause the magnetic sensitive GMI probe Producing magnetic resonance; the magnetic sensitive GMI probe for measuring a change signal of a magnetic field; the magnetic abnormality detecting and conditioning circuit unit for processing a change signal of the measured magnetic field, and detecting the parking space according to the processing result The vehicle disturbs the magnetic field magnetic anomaly signal.
  • the excitation resonant circuit unit comprises: an excitation oscillator, a magnetic resonance driving circuit And a magnetically sensitive GMI probe; the excitation oscillator for exciting a high frequency alternating current for the magnetic sensitive GMI probe; the magnetic resonance driving circuit for using the high frequency alternating current to cause the magnetic
  • the infrared detecting module comprises: an infrared emitting circuit and an infrared receiving circuit; the infrared transmitting circuit is configured to emit a modulated fixed frequency infrared light wave, when the fixed frequency infrared light wave is blocked by the vehicle, The infrared light wave is reflected back to the infrared receiving circuit; the infrared receiving circuit is configured to receive the reflected fixed frequency infrared light wave, and demodulate the digital light information by the signal of the infrared light wave, if the infrared frequency of the fixed frequency is received Light wave, the output number 0,0 means that there is a car signal. If the infrared light wave of the fixed frequency is not received, the output number 1,1 indicates the car-free signal; it is also used to receive the continuous number of codes per unit time, measure the vehicle and the ground. Height, identifying the basic type of vehicle;
  • the infrared detecting module further comprises a safety anti-interference communication circuit for filtering non-coded clutter in the infrared light wave;
  • the fixed frequency is any fixed value of 30-60 Khz, and the fixed value is preferably 38 Khz, 40 Khz or 42 Khz.
  • the vehicle detector further includes: a mercury switch; the mercury switch is configured to control an operating state of the vehicle detector power source by a placement state of the mercury switch; when the mercury switch is placed in the forward direction, The power of the vehicle detector is an open state; when the mercury switch is placed upside down, the power of the vehicle detector is turned off.
  • a mercury switch is configured to control an operating state of the vehicle detector power source by a placement state of the mercury switch; when the mercury switch is placed in the forward direction, The power of the vehicle detector is an open state; when the mercury switch is placed upside down, the power of the vehicle detector is turned off.
  • the vehicle detector adopts a casing structure, and the casing structure includes an infrared filter; preferably, the casing structure adopts a non-magnetic pressure-resistant material or a metal-free pressure-resistant material.
  • the vehicle detector further includes: an ultrasonic sensor for detecting surrounding environment information; the vehicle detector is further configured to: presence or absence of a signal on the vehicle of the parking space detected by the infrared detecting module, the GMI The vehicle disturbance magnetic field magnetic abnormality signal of the parking space detected by the detection module and the ultrasonic sensor detecting the surrounding environment information are integrated to generate vehicle information of the parking space and transmitted to the wireless communication unit.
  • an ultrasonic sensor for detecting surrounding environment information
  • the vehicle detector is further configured to: presence or absence of a signal on the vehicle of the parking space detected by the infrared detecting module, the GMI
  • the vehicle disturbance magnetic field magnetic abnormality signal of the parking space detected by the detection module and the ultrasonic sensor detecting the surrounding environment information are integrated to generate vehicle information of the parking space and transmitted to the wireless communication unit.
  • the system further includes: an electronic tag reader; the electronic tag reader for reading basic information of the vehicle and transmitting the same to the parking monitoring management center through the wireless communication unit
  • the basic information includes: a car number, a vehicle type, a vehicle type
  • the parking monitoring management center is further configured to: receive vehicle information of the parking space and basic information of the vehicle read by the electronic tag reader The processing is performed, and the parking space information is monitored and managed according to the processing result; and the electronic tag reader can be read, written, recharged, and charged by the electronic tag reader.
  • the system realizes identification of the vehicle equipped with the microwave electronic tag by the electronic tag reader, wherein the microwave electronic tag is divided into an active tag and a passive tag, and the typical operating frequency is: 433.92 MHz, 862 (902) to 928 MHz, 2.45 GHz, 5.8 GHz; preferably, the passive microwave electronic tag is in the operating frequency band of 902 to 928 MHz.
  • the vehicle detector adopts a dual magnetic module, and the dual magnetic module forms an orthogonal structure, and performs transverse magnetic anomaly detection and longitudinal magnetic anomaly detection, respectively.
  • the invention also provides a vehicle detector, comprising a GMI detection module, configured to detect a vehicle disturbance magnetic field magnetic anomaly signal of a parking space; wherein: the GMI detection module comprises: an excitation resonant circuit unit and a magnetic abnormality detection a conditioning circuit unit; wherein the excitation resonant circuit unit is configured to excite a high frequency alternating current to generate magnetic resonance and generate a change signal for measuring a magnetic field; the magnetic abnormality detecting and conditioning circuit unit is configured to measure The change signal of the magnetic field is processed, and the vehicle magnetic field magnetic abnormal signal of the parking space is detected according to the processing result.
  • the GMI detection module comprises: an excitation resonant circuit unit and a magnetic abnormality detection a conditioning circuit unit; wherein the excitation resonant circuit unit is configured to excite a high frequency alternating current to generate magnetic resonance and generate a change signal for measuring a magnetic field; the magnetic abnormality detecting and conditioning circuit unit is configured to measure The change signal of the magnetic field is processed, and the vehicle magnetic field magnetic
  • the excitation resonant circuit unit comprises: an excitation oscillator, a magnetic resonance drive circuit and a magnetic sensitive GMI probe; wherein the excitation oscillator is configured to excite a high frequency alternating current for the magnetic sensitive GMI probe; a magnetic resonance driving circuit for generating magnetic resonance of the magnetic-sensitive GMI probe by using the high-frequency alternating current; the magnetic-sensitive GMI probe for measuring a change signal of a magnetic field.
  • the vehicle detector further includes: a mercury switch; the mercury switch is configured to control an operating state of the vehicle detector power source by a placement state of the mercury switch; when the mercury switch is placed in the forward direction, The power of the vehicle detector is an open state; when the mercury switch is placed upside down, the power of the vehicle detector is turned off.
  • a mercury switch is configured to control an operating state of the vehicle detector power source by a placement state of the mercury switch; when the mercury switch is placed in the forward direction, The power of the vehicle detector is an open state; when the mercury switch is placed upside down, the power of the vehicle detector is turned off.
  • the vehicle detector further includes: an ultrasonic sensor for detecting the ultrasonic transmission The surrounding environment information of the sensor; the vehicle detector is further configured to: presence or absence of a signal on a parking space detected by the infrared detecting module, and a magnetic disturbance of a magnetic field of a vehicle in a parking space detected by the GMI detecting module The signal and the ultrasonic sensor detect the surrounding environment information and perform comprehensive processing to generate vehicle information of the parking space.
  • an ultrasonic sensor for detecting the ultrasonic transmission The surrounding environment information of the sensor
  • the vehicle detector is further configured to: presence or absence of a signal on a parking space detected by the infrared detecting module, and a magnetic disturbance of a magnetic field of a vehicle in a parking space detected by the GMI detecting module
  • the signal and the ultrasonic sensor detect the surrounding environment information and perform comprehensive processing to generate vehicle information of the parking space.
  • the vehicle detector adopts a casing structure, and the casing structure includes an infrared filter, and the casing structure adopts a non-magnetic pressure-resistant material or a metal-free pressure-resistant material; or the vehicle detector adopts a double
  • the magnetic module forms an orthogonal structure, and performs transverse magnetic anomaly detection and longitudinal magnetic anomaly detection, respectively.
  • the vehicle detector further includes an infrared detecting module, wherein the vehicle detector is configured to detect a presence or absence of a vehicle of a parking space detected by the infrared detecting module and the GMI detecting module detects The vehicle in the parking space disturbs the magnetic field magnetic anomaly signal to comprehensively process the vehicle information of the parking space.
  • an infrared detecting module configured to detect a presence or absence of a vehicle of a parking space detected by the infrared detecting module and the GMI detecting module detects The vehicle in the parking space disturbs the magnetic field magnetic anomaly signal to comprehensively process the vehicle information of the parking space.
  • the infrared detecting module comprises: an infrared emitting circuit and an infrared receiving circuit; the infrared transmitting circuit is configured to emit a modulated fixed frequency infrared light wave, when the fixed frequency infrared light wave is blocked by the vehicle, The infrared light wave is reflected back to the infrared receiving circuit; the infrared receiving circuit is configured to receive the reflected fixed frequency infrared light wave, and perform signal demodulation on the infrared light wave to generate digital information.
  • the infrared receiving circuit if receiving the infrared light wave of the fixed frequency, the output number 0, 0 indicates that there is a vehicle signal; if the infrared light wave of the fixed frequency is not received, the output number 1, 1 indicates a car-free signal.
  • the infrared receiving circuit is further configured to receive a continuous number of codes per unit time, and measure a basic type of the height of the vehicle and the ground; or the fixed frequency is any fixed value of 30-60 Khz.
  • the fixed value is preferably 38 Khz, 40 Khz or 42 Khz.
  • the vehicle detector is provided in the intelligent parking monitoring management system according to any one of claims 1-20.
  • the present invention also provides a vehicle detector, comprising: an infrared detecting module and a GMI detecting module, wherein: the vehicle detector is configured to detect whether a vehicle of the parking space detected by the infrared detecting module has a signal and The vehicle disturbance of the parking space detected by the GMI detection module is comprehensively processed to generate vehicle information of the parking space;
  • the GMI detection module includes: excitation harmonic a vibration circuit unit and a magnetic anomaly detection conditioning circuit unit; wherein the excitation resonance circuit unit comprises: an excitation oscillator, a magnetic resonance drive circuit, and a magnetically sensitive GMI probe; the excitation oscillator is configured to be the magnetic sensitive GMI The probe excites a high frequency alternating current; the magnetic resonance driving circuit is configured to generate magnetic resonance by the magnetic sensitive GMI probe by using the high frequency alternating current; the magnetic sensitive GMI probe is used for measuring a change signal of a magnetic field;
  • the magnetic abnormality detecting and conditioning circuit unit is configured to process the changed signal of the measured magnetic field, and detect the
  • the infrared detecting module comprises: an infrared emitting circuit and an infrared receiving circuit; the infrared transmitting circuit is configured to emit a modulated fixed frequency infrared light wave, when the fixed frequency infrared light wave is blocked by the vehicle, The infrared light wave is reflected back to the infrared receiving circuit; the infrared receiving circuit is configured to receive the reflected fixed frequency infrared light wave, and perform signal demodulation on the infrared light wave to generate digital information.
  • the infrared receiving circuit if the infrared light wave of the fixed frequency is received, the output number 0, 0 indicates that there is a vehicle signal; if the infrared light wave of the fixed frequency is not received, the output number 1, 1 indicates a car-free signal;
  • the infrared receiving circuit is further configured to receive a continuous number of codes per unit time, and measure a basic type of the vehicle and the ground height to identify the vehicle; or
  • the fixed frequency is any fixed value of 30-60 Khz, and the fixed value is preferably 38 Khz, 40 Khz or 42 Khz.
  • the vehicle detector further includes: a mercury switch; the mercury switch is configured to control an operating state of the vehicle detector power source by a placement state of the mercury switch; when the mercury switch is placed in the forward direction, The power of the vehicle detector is an open state; when the mercury switch is placed upside down, the power of the vehicle detector is turned off.
  • a mercury switch is configured to control an operating state of the vehicle detector power source by a placement state of the mercury switch; when the mercury switch is placed in the forward direction, The power of the vehicle detector is an open state; when the mercury switch is placed upside down, the power of the vehicle detector is turned off.
  • the vehicle detector further includes: an ultrasonic sensor for detecting the surrounding environment information; the vehicle detector is further configured to: presence or absence of a signal, a vehicle for the parking space detected by the infrared detecting module The vehicle disturbance magnetic field magnetic abnormality signal of the parking space detected by the GMI detection module and the ultrasonic sensor detecting the surrounding environment information are integrated, and the vehicle information of the parking space is generated and transmitted to the wireless communication unit.
  • the vehicle detector adopts a shell structure using a metal-free compressive material
  • the housing structure is an infrared filter; or the vehicle detector adopts a dual magnetic module to form an orthogonal structure, and respectively performs transverse magnetic anomaly detection and longitudinal magnetic anomaly detection.
  • the vehicle detector is provided in the intelligent parking monitoring management system according to any one of claims 1-20.
  • the present invention also provides a wireless communication unit for vehicle detection, comprising: a relay node and a sink node, wherein: the relay node is configured to receive vehicle information of a parking space issued by a vehicle detector, and Receiving the received vehicle information of the parking space and transmitting the information to the target device, wherein the target device is a sink node; the sink node is configured to receive the processed parking space sent by the repeater Vehicle information and transmit the vehicle information to an external parking monitoring management center.
  • a wireless communication unit for vehicle detection comprising: at least one relay node and one sink node; wherein the wireless communication unit and an external vehicle detector constitute a wireless communication network, and the wireless communication network uses a network a star/star topology, the relay node is a sink node without GPRS/3G/4G function; the vehicle detector is for detecting vehicle information of a parking space; and the feature is: each relay The node is connected to at least one vehicle detector, and the vehicle detector connected to the relay node constitutes a star network, and the vehicle detector transmits the detected vehicle information of the parking space to the at least one a relay node, wherein a plurality of relay nodes form a mesh network through a wireless communication module of different channels to transmit the vehicle information to a sink node; the sink node is configured to detect all vehicle detectors in the entire wireless communication network Vehicle information of the parking space is uploaded to the parking monitoring management center; each parking area or parking lot is deployed with one aggregation node, at least one relay node and At least one vehicle detector.
  • the vehicle detector after listening to all the channels, finds a relay node corresponding to the beacon with the best signal quality through the relay selection algorithm, and is detected by the vehicle detector.
  • the receiving join request frame time slot of the relay node sends a join request to the relay node; wherein the join request data packet includes: a physical address of the vehicle detector.
  • the vehicle detector sends a join request to the relay node after receiving the join request frame time slot of the selected relay node: when the relay node returns the join response, the vehicle detector obtains the relay node assignment Network address, the network address is assigned according to from 1 to the relay node The number of connected vehicle detectors is sequentially allocated, the relay node is also used to store and maintain the physical address and network address of each vehicle detector; the vehicle detector uses the network address obtained by it as the TDMA time slot for transmitting data.
  • the relay node transmits data; the relay node returns an ACK acknowledgement packet after receiving the data sent by the vehicle detector; wherein, in each transmission period, the relay node not only allocates each vehicle detector
  • a TDMA time slot is also reserved for a preset number of TDMA time slots. In the reserved TDMA time slot, the vehicle detector transmits data in a CSMA manner.
  • the present invention also provides a wireless communication unit for vehicle detection, comprising: at least one sink node; wherein the wireless communication unit and an external vehicle detector form a wireless communication network, and the vehicle detector is used by Vehicle information for detecting a parking space; characterized in that each sink node is connected to at least one vehicle detector, and the vehicle detector connected to the sink node of the sink node constitutes a star network, between each sink node Using different channels to work simultaneously; the sink node is configured to upload the received vehicle information of the parking spaces detected by all the vehicle detectors connected to the sink node to an external parking monitoring management center; each parking At least one sink node and at least one vehicle detector are deployed in the area or parking lot.
  • the vehicle detector after listening to all the channels, finds a sink node corresponding to the beacon that is accessible and has the best signal quality by using a relay selection algorithm, and the vehicle detector is in the The receiving join request frame time slot of the sink node sends a join request to the sink node; wherein the join request data packet includes: a physical address of the vehicle detector.
  • the vehicle detector receives the join request time slot from the selected sink node after sending the join request to the sink node: when the sink node returns the join response, the vehicle detector obtains the network allocated by the sink node Address, the network address is allocated in order from 1 to the number of connected vehicle detectors of the sink node, the sink node is also used to store and maintain the physical address and network address of each vehicle detector; vehicle detection The device transmits data to the sink node by using the obtained network address as a TDMA time slot for transmitting data; the sink node returns an ACK acknowledgement packet after receiving the data sent by the vehicle detector;
  • the sink node in each transmission period, not only allocates one TDMA time slot to each vehicle detector, but also reserves a TDMA time slot according to a preset number, in the reserved TDMA time slot, the vehicle The detector sends data in CSMA mode.
  • the relay selection algorithm includes: listening to all channels through a vehicle detector, each channel monitoring a beacon T time, and storing the beacon frame information if a beacon frame is received within a time T, Until the last channel is monitored; according to the stored beacon frame information, the beacon with the best signal quality is searched, and it is determined whether the number of connected vehicle detectors of the beacon reaches the upper limit; if the upper limit is reached, the storage is re-find In the beacon frame information, the beacon with the second best signal quality. If there are multiple beacons with the same signal quality, compare the beacons with the same signal quality to the number of vehicle detectors, and select the one with the least number of connected vehicle detectors. If there are multiple beacons with the least number of connected vehicle detectors, the beacon is randomly selected from them.
  • the vehicle detector is further configured to detect whether a signal of a vehicle in the parking space changes according to a preset frequency; when the detected parking signal changes, when the data of the vehicle detector is transmitted The slot transmits data; when the detected parking signal is unchanged, no data is transmitted in the data transmission time slot of the vehicle detector; when the preset time is exceeded, the detected parking signal remains unchanged.
  • the vehicle detector sends the survival indication frame to indicate that it is working normally, when the parking signal is detected to change, the transmission of the survival indication frame is stopped.
  • the wireless communication unit is provided in the intelligent parking monitoring management system according to any one of claims 1-20.
  • the invention also provides a parking monitoring management center for use in the intelligent parking monitoring management system, which is used for processing vehicle information receiving the parking space, and monitoring and managing the parking space information according to the processing result And billing management, characterized in that: the parking monitoring management center monitors and manages parking space information, including: collecting parking space occupancy information, storing parking space parking photos and performing license plate recognition, detecting vehicle detector voltage and importing Location information and geographic information of the newly installed vehicle detector, and matching the location information and geographic information; the parking monitoring management center billing management for the parking space includes: querying the arrears, recording the parking spaces of each parking space Time, determine the current parking fee based on the current parking time and the identified license plate and send the tariff to the manager terminal.
  • the parking monitoring management center monitors and manages parking space information, including: collecting parking space occupancy information, storing parking space parking photos and performing license plate recognition, detecting vehicle detector voltage and importing Location information and geographic information of the newly installed vehicle detector, and matching the location information and geographic information
  • the parking monitoring management center billing management for the parking space includes: query
  • the smart parking monitoring management system further includes: a vehicle detector and a wireless communication unit, wherein the vehicle detector comprises: an infrared detecting module and a GMI detecting module; and the vehicle detector is configured to After the infrared detection module detects the presence or absence of the vehicle in the parking space and the vehicle disturbance of the parking space detected by the GMI detection module, the magnetic field magnetic anomaly signal is comprehensively processed.
  • the vehicle detector comprises: an infrared detecting module and a GMI detecting module
  • the vehicle detector is configured to After the infrared detection module detects the presence or absence of the vehicle in the parking space and the vehicle disturbance of the parking space detected by the GMI detection module, the magnetic field magnetic anomaly signal is comprehensively processed.
  • the wireless communication unit is configured to receive vehicle information transmitted by the vehicle detector, and transmit the vehicle information to the parking monitoring management center by using a wireless communication technology;
  • the wireless communication unit includes: a relay node and a sink node; the relay node is configured to receive vehicle information of a parking space issued by the vehicle detector, and process the received vehicle information of the parking space And transmitting to the target device, where the target device is a sink node; the sink node is configured to receive vehicle information of the processed parking space sent by the repeater, and transmit the vehicle information to the The parking monitoring management center.
  • the present invention also provides a user terminal for use in an intelligent parking monitoring management system, which is configured to display location information, navigation route information, and parking time timing information of a current vehicle stop according to a GIS map provided by the big data service center. At least one of the target parking space vacancy information and the final parking space GIS real-time location information; wherein the user terminal further comprises: a navigation module: configured to implement the query of the navigation route or the location of the user to the current vehicle stop position Navigation function; target parking space module: for realizing the user's reservation of the target parking space, and transmitting the reservation information to other user terminals in the management system; parking time timing module: for realizing the vehicle for the current parking space Stop time statistical timing; vacancy information display module: used to display the current parking lot, the parking space within a predetermined distance from the current location, or the vacancy information of the target parking space; GIS real-time location information display module: for real-time reception and display The current user's push pushed by the intelligent parking monitoring management system Parking GIS end real-time location information.
  • the user terminal further includes: a push information display module, configured to receive information sent by the external server or the terminal to the user terminal, where the push information comprises: LBS information based on a current location of the user terminal.
  • a push information display module configured to receive information sent by the external server or the terminal to the user terminal, where the push information comprises: LBS information based on a current location of the user terminal.
  • the user terminal further includes: an information interaction module: configured to receive information sent from the other user terminals in the parking monitoring management center to the user terminal, and receive the input of the user, and send the input information to Other user terminals implement information interaction between different user terminals in the parking monitoring management center.
  • an information interaction module configured to receive information sent from the other user terminals in the parking monitoring management center to the user terminal, and receive the input of the user, and send the input information to Other user terminals implement information interaction between different user terminals in the parking monitoring management center.
  • the intelligent parking monitoring management system further includes: a parking monitoring management center, a management personnel terminal, and a big data service center; wherein the parking monitoring management center is configured to receive vehicle information of the parking space Process and monitor and manage the parking space information according to the processing result Management:
  • the monitoring and management of the parking space information includes: summarizing parking space occupancy information, storing parking space parking photos and performing license plate recognition, detecting vehicle detector voltage, and introducing location information and geographic information of newly installed vehicle detectors.
  • the parking monitoring management center charging management for the parking space includes: querying the arrears, recording the current parking time of each parking space, determining according to the current parking time and the identified license plate The parking fee is sent to the manager terminal; the manager terminal is used to display the parking space number actually occupied by the parking vehicle, and the parking vehicle is photographed and uploaded to the parking monitoring
  • the management center is further configured to charge a user of the parking vehicle according to the tariff information sent by the parking monitoring management center;
  • the big data service center is configured to provide a GIS map, navigation and a third-party payment interface for the user, and is also used for Obtaining parking space information in the parking monitoring management center and performing statistics and release, the parking space
  • the information includes: the total number of empty parking spaces in the surrounding area of the user-specified location, the latitude and longitude of each parking space, whether the parking space is occupied; the user terminal is used by the user according to the GIS map, navigation and parking provided by the big data service center Bit information, set the target parking space, and use
  • the present invention also provides a management personnel terminal for use in an intelligent parking monitoring management system, the intelligent parking monitoring management system further comprising: a parking monitoring management center, a user terminal, and a big data service center; wherein the parking The vehicle monitoring management center is configured to process the vehicle information that receives the parking space, and perform monitoring management and charging management on the parking space information according to the processing result: the monitoring and management of the parking space information includes: summing up the parking lot Parking space occupancy information, storing parking space parking photos and performing license plate recognition, detecting vehicle detector voltage, and introducing location information and geographic information of newly installed vehicle detectors, and matching the location information and geographic information; the parking monitoring The management center billing management for parking spaces includes: inquiring about the arrears, recording the current parking time of each parking space, determining the current parking fee based on the current parking time and the identified license plate, and transmitting the tariff to the manager terminal.
  • the big data service center is used to provide users with GIS maps, navigation and third-party payment interfaces.
  • the utility model is configured to acquire parking space information in the parking monitoring management center, and perform statistics and release.
  • the parking space information includes: a total number of empty parking spaces in a surrounding area of the user-specified location, a latitude and longitude of each parking space, and whether the parking space is occupied. ;
  • the user terminal is configured to set a target parking space by the user according to the GIS map, navigation and parking space information provided by the big data service center, and use the navigation function to control the vehicle to reach the destination parking space, when the user leaves the target parking space.
  • the parking fee is paid by cash, a credit card or a third-party payment interface; and the manager terminal is used to display the parking space number actually occupied by the parking vehicle, and the parking vehicle is photographed and uploaded to the office.
  • the parking monitoring management center is also used to charge the users of the parking vehicles according to the tariff information sent by the parking monitoring management center.
  • the present invention also provides a big data service center for use in an intelligent parking monitoring management system, characterized in that the intelligent parking monitoring management system further comprises: a parking monitoring management center, a user terminal and a management personnel terminal;
  • the parking monitoring management center is configured to process the vehicle information that receives the parking space, and perform monitoring management and charging management on the parking space information according to the processing result:
  • the monitoring and management of the parking space information includes : summarizing parking space occupancy information, storing parking space parking photos and performing license plate recognition, detecting vehicle detector voltage, and introducing location information and geographic information of newly installed vehicle detectors, and matching the location information and geographic information;
  • the parking monitoring management center's billing management for the parking space includes: inquiring about the arrears, recording the parking time of each parking space, determining the current parking fee based on the current parking time and the identified license plate, and sending the tariff to the parking lot.
  • the manager terminal is configured to display the parking space number actually occupied by the parking vehicle Simultaneously taking a picture of the parking vehicle and uploading it to the parking monitoring management center, and also for charging a user of the parking vehicle according to the tariff information sent by the parking monitoring management center; the user terminal is used by the user According to the GIS map, navigation and parking space information provided by the big data service center, the target parking space is set, and the navigation function is used to control the vehicle to reach the destination parking space.
  • the cash, credit card or third party is used.
  • the payment interface pays the parking fee;
  • the big data service center is used to provide the user with the GIS map, the navigation and the third-party payment interface, and is also used to obtain the parking space information in the parking monitoring management center.
  • the parking space information includes: the total number of empty parking spaces in the surrounding area of the user-specified location, the latitude and longitude of each parking space, and whether the parking space is occupied.
  • the invention also provides an intelligent parking monitoring management method, the method comprising: a vehicle detecting step, a wireless communication step and a parking monitoring management step, characterized in that: the vehicle detecting step: the vehicle detector passes the infrared detecting module to the parking space Whether the vehicle has a signal for detection and/or passes the GMI detection module Detecting the magnetic field magnetic anomaly signal of the vehicle in the parking space, and performing comprehensive processing to generate vehicle information of the parking space; wireless communication step: transmitting the vehicle information of the parking space to the parking monitoring management center through the wireless communication unit; parking Monitoring and management step: The parking monitoring management center is configured to process the vehicle information that receives the parking space, and perform monitoring and management and charging management on the parking space information according to the processing result.
  • the vehicle detecting step further comprises: detecting whether a vehicle parking signal of the parking space changes according to a preset frequency; and transmitting data in a data transmission time slot of the vehicle detector when the detected parking signal changes.
  • a preset frequency when the detected parking signal is unchanged, no data is transmitted in the data transmission time slot of the vehicle detector; when the detected parking signal is unchanged when the preset time is exceeded, The vehicle detector sends a survival indication frame indicating that it is working properly, and stops detecting the survival indication frame when it detects a change in the parking signal.
  • the wireless communication unit comprises: at least one relay node and one sink node; wherein the wireless communication unit and an external vehicle detector form a wireless communication network, and the wireless communication network adopts a mesh/star Type topology, the relay node is a sink node without GPRS/3G/4G function; the vehicle detector is used for detecting vehicle information of a parking space; each relay node and at least one vehicle detector Connected, the vehicle detector connected to the relay node forms a star network, and the vehicle detector transmits the detected vehicle information of the parking space to the at least one relay node, in multiple Transmitting the vehicle information to the convergence node by using a wireless communication module of different channels between the nodes; the aggregation node is configured to upload the vehicle information of the parking spaces detected by all the vehicle detectors in the entire wireless communication network.
  • the vehicle detecting step further comprises: after listening to all the channels, finding out that the access can be accessed through a relay selection algorithm And a relay node corresponding to the beacon with the best signal quality, and sending a join request to the relay node in the receive join request frame time slot of the relay node; the join request data packet includes: a physicality of the vehicle detector address.
  • the wireless communication unit includes at least one sink node; wherein the wireless communication unit and an external vehicle detector constitute a wireless communication network, and the vehicle detector is configured to detect vehicle information of the parking space;
  • the aggregation nodes are connected to at least one vehicle detector, and the vehicle detectors connected to the aggregation node form a star network, and each aggregation node adopts a different The channel is simultaneously operated;
  • the sink node is configured to upload the received vehicle information of the parking space detected by all the vehicle detectors connected to the sink node to an external parking monitoring management center;
  • the vehicle detecting step further The method includes: after listening to all the channels, finding a sink node corresponding to the beacon with the best signal quality by using a relay selection algorithm, and sending the request frame time slot to the sink node at the sink node a join request;
  • the join request packet includes: a physical address of the vehicle detector.
  • the relay selection algorithm comprises: listening to all channels, each channel listening to the beacon T time, and in the T time, if the beacon frame is received, storing the beacon frame information until the last monitoring is performed. a channel; according to the stored beacon frame information, searching for a beacon with the best signal quality, and determining whether the number of connected vehicle detectors of the beacon reaches an upper limit; if the upper limit is reached, re-finding the stored beacon frame information
  • the invention also provides a vehicle location detecting method for a parking space, which comprises:
  • the vehicle detector monitors the current magnetic signal state of the parking space in real time: if no magnetic signal is detected, the environmental magnetic field at the previous moment is recorded, and when the magnetic signal is detected, the timer is started, and the magnetic signal and the infrared light signal are continuously detected for the Identifying the motion of the vehicle; when the timer reaches the preset time, if the detected infrared light signal is valid, and the difference between the detected magnetic signal and the recorded ambient magnetic field is less than a preset threshold, then the parking is determined to be in place, otherwise, The alarm prompt is performed; the state of the parking space is determined by the vehicle detector, and the state of the parking space includes: the parking space is idle or the parking space is occupied; preferably, the magnetic signal monitoring method adopts a magnetic field change slope monitoring method.
  • the continuously detecting the magnetic signal and the infrared light signal for identifying the motion of the vehicle comprises: identifying the forward and backward motion of the vehicle by continuously detecting the forward magnetic abnormality signal, the reverse magnetic abnormality signal, and the infrared light signal; and / or, by detecting the magnetic signal and the infrared light signal to determine whether the vehicle in the parking space has motion, if there is motion, and the detected light signal is invalid, it is determined that the vehicle has left the parking space.
  • the determining the state of the parking space comprises: determining whether the detected magnetic signal is valid, and if the magnetic signal is valid, determining that the parking space is occupied; if the magnetic signal is invalid, detecting the optical signal and determining the detection Whether the incoming optical signal is valid, if the optical signal is valid, it is determined that the parking space is occupied, and if the infrared light signal is invalid, it is determined that the parking space is idle.
  • the determining the state of the parking space comprises: determining whether the detected infrared light signal is valid, and if the optical signal is valid, determining that the parking space is occupied; if the optical signal is invalid, detecting the magnetic signal and determining the detected magnetic signal Whether it is valid, if the magnetic signal is valid, it is determined that the parking space is occupied, and if the magnetic signal is invalid, it is determined that the parking space is idle.
  • the determining the state of the parking space comprises: determining whether the detected magnetic signal is valid, and if the magnetic signal is invalid, determining that the parking space is idle; if the magnetic signal is valid, detecting the optical signal and determining whether the detected optical signal is valid If the optical signal is valid, it is determined that the parking space is occupied, and if the optical signal is invalid, it is determined that the parking space is idle.
  • the invention also provides a system for obtaining the total number of free parking spaces of a parking lot, which can accurately calculate the number of empty parking spaces in the parking lot without connecting with the monitoring system of the parking lot, including an entrance vehicle detector and an exit vehicle. a detector and a convergence node; wherein: the entrance vehicle detector is disposed at an entrance position of the parking lot for counting the entering vehicle; and the exit vehicle detector is disposed at an exit position of the parking lot,
  • the utility model is configured to count the leaving vehicle; the collecting node communicates with the vehicle detector to obtain a count value of entering the vehicle and leaving the vehicle, and calculating the total number of parking spaces of the current parking lot, the value of the entrance vehicle, and the value of the leaving vehicle to obtain a parking lot.
  • the number of free parking spaces is configured to count the leaving vehicle; the collecting node communicates with the vehicle detector to obtain a count value of entering the vehicle and leaving the vehicle, and calculating the total number of parking spaces of the current parking lot, the value of the entrance vehicle, and the value of the leaving vehicle to
  • the entrance vehicle detector counts an incoming vehicle by using a GMI magnetic abnormality sensor and an infrared sensor
  • the exit vehicle detector counts the exiting vehicle by using a GMI magnetic abnormality sensor and an infrared sensor
  • the node will calculate the number of free parking spaces in the parking lot and transmit it to an external parking monitoring management center, user terminal, manager terminal or big data service center via the Internet, mobile internet or other wireless communication technology.
  • the entrance vehicle detector and the exit vehicle detector are configured to determine a vehicle passing information through a forward and reverse change mode of the magnetic abnormality sensor when the vehicle counts, and perform an auxiliary judgment together with the infrared sensor to obtain a certain time.
  • the vacant parking space statistics are realized by the monitoring count of the entrance vehicle detector and the monitoring count of the exit vehicle detector.
  • the present invention also provides a method of obtaining the total number of free parking spaces of a parking lot, which is implemented by the above system, the method comprising the steps of: entering a vehicle counting step: by setting an entrance position in the parking lot Set the entrance vehicle detector to count the incoming vehicle; leave the vehicle counting step: count the exiting vehicle by the exit vehicle detector set at the exit position of the parking lot; the parking lot idle parking position counting step: the gathering node and the above vehicle
  • the detector communicates the count values of the incoming and outgoing vehicles, and calculates the number of free parking spaces in the parking lot based on the total number of parking spaces in the current parking lot, the value of the entrance vehicle, and the number of vehicles leaving the vehicle.
  • the entrance vehicle detector counts an incoming vehicle by using a GMI magnetic abnormality sensor and an infrared sensor
  • the leaving vehicle counting step the exiting vehicle detector
  • the departure vehicle is counted by using the GMI magnetic anomaly sensor and the infrared sensor
  • the aggregation node will calculate the number of free parking spaces in the parking lot, and transmit to the external parking monitoring management center and user through the Internet, mobile internet or other wireless communication technologies.
  • Terminal, manager terminal or big data service center is a GMI magnetic abnormality sensor and an infrared sensor.
  • the entrance vehicle detector and the exit vehicle detector are configured to determine a vehicle passing information through a forward and reverse change mode of the magnetic abnormality sensor when the vehicle counts, and perform an auxiliary judgment together with the infrared sensor to obtain a certain time.
  • the vacant parking space statistics are realized by the monitoring count of the entrance vehicle detector and the monitoring count of the exit vehicle detector.
  • the invention also provides a vehicle vacancy detecting method based on a manager terminal, wherein the manager terminal interacts with the parking monitoring background management center, the method comprises: after the vehicle arrives, the parking monitoring background management center arrives at the vehicle The information is sent to the manager terminal. After obtaining the vehicle arrival information, the terminal takes a picture of the arriving vehicle and the license plate, and identifies the license plate number, and uploads the license plate information and the photographed picture to the parking monitoring and management center.
  • the parking monitoring background management center stores the license plate information and the photographed picture, obtains the current parking time of the vehicle, and counts the total duration of the vehicle parked in the parking lot, and updates the number of vacancies in the current parking lot; When leaving, the parking monitoring background management center sends the vehicle leaving information to the manager terminal.
  • the manager terminal takes a picture of the vehicle again, identifies the license plate number, and displays the license plate information and the The photo picture is uploaded together to the parking monitoring background tube Center, the parking monitoring background management center stores the license plate information and the photographed picture, obtains the departure time of the vehicle, updates the number of vacancies in the current parking lot, calculates the parking fee of the vehicle, and sends the above information to the management.
  • Personnel terminal, the manager terminal obtains the total parking time of the vehicle, parking fee, The vehicle is charged for parking.
  • the foregoing process of identifying the license plate number may also be implemented by the parking monitoring background management center: the management personnel terminal takes a picture of the arriving vehicle and the license plate, and uploads the photographed picture to the parking monitoring background management center.
  • the parking monitoring background management center stores the photographed picture and identifies the license plate number to obtain the license plate number.
  • the vehicle detector generates a parking space by comprehensively processing the vehicle presence signal of the parking space detected by the infrared detecting module and the vehicle disturbance magnetic field magnetic abnormal signal of the parking space detected by the GMI detecting module.
  • the vehicle information is sent to the wireless communication unit, and the parking monitoring management center processes the vehicle information that receives the parking space, and performs monitoring management and charging management on the parking space information according to the processing result.
  • the vehicle information of the parking space is determined by the GMI detection module and the infrared detection module, and the anti-interference ability, high sensitivity, high resolution, and no temperature drift can improve the detection accuracy, and the GMI detection module has simple process and circuit structure. low cost.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of an intelligent berth parking management system in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of an intelligent berth parking management system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of a vehicle detector according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 4 is a structural diagram of an infrared detecting module according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of an infrared light wave transmission principle according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of an infrared light wave receiving principle according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a structural diagram of a GMI detection module according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a structural diagram of an excitation resonant circuit unit of a GMI detection module according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a structural diagram of a magnetic abnormality detecting and conditioning circuit unit of a GMI detecting module according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a structural diagram of a repeater according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a housing of a vehicle detector according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a front elevational view of a vehicle detector according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle detector according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is still another structural diagram of an intelligent parking monitoring management system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a topological structural diagram of a wireless communication network according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is still another topological structural diagram of a wireless communication network according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a flowchart of a method for operating a wireless communication network according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic flowchart of a low power consumption detection process according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 22 is a structural diagram of a parking monitoring management center according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 23 is a flowchart of interaction between a management personnel terminal and a parking monitoring management center according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • 26 is a structural diagram of an intelligent parking berth management system based on GMI detection and ultrasonic sensors according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 27 is a structural diagram of an intelligent parking berth management system based on a GMI detection and an electronic tag reader according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 29 is a schematic diagram of a working process of parking a vehicle from a side parking position according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 30 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle location detection method in a parking mode according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 31 is a schematic diagram of a system for obtaining the total number of free parking spaces of a parking lot according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 32 is a flowchart of a vehicle vacancy detection method based on a management terminal according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
  • an intelligent parking monitoring management system provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes: a vehicle detector and a relay node. And a parking monitoring management center, wherein the vehicle detector is configured to detect vehicle information of the parking space, and send the detected information to the aggregation node through the relay node; Receiving vehicle information of the parking space sent by the vehicle detector, and transmitting the information to the sink node; the sink node, for using the vehicle information of the parking space received by the relay node, via the Internet, the mobile internet Or other wireless communication technology is transmitted to the parking monitoring management center; the parking monitoring management center is configured to receive vehicle information of the parking space sent by the switch, process the vehicle information of the parking space, and stop parking according to the processing result. Bit information for monitoring management and billing management
  • the vehicle detector includes: an infrared detecting module, a giant magneto impedance (GMI) detecting module, a microprocessor (Microcontroller Unit, MCU), and a wireless transmitting module.
  • GMI giant magneto impedance
  • MCU microcontroller Unit
  • the infrared detecting module is configured to detect a presence or absence of a signal of a parking space
  • the GMI detecting module is configured to detect a vehicle magnetic field magnetic anomaly signal of a parking space
  • the MCU micro a processor configured to perform analog-to-digital (A/D) acquisition, signal processing analysis, and the like on the detected magnetic field magnetic anomaly signal of the vehicle with or without a signal of the parking space and a parking space
  • A/D analog-to-digital
  • the infrared detecting module includes an infrared transmitting circuit and an infrared receiving circuit.
  • the infrared transmitting circuit is configured to emit a modulated fixed-frequency infrared light wave, and the infrared light wave is blocked by the vehicle.
  • the infrared receiving circuit is configured to receive the reflected fixed-frequency infrared light wave, and demodulate the digital information by performing the signal on the infrared light wave.
  • the infrared receiving circuit also receives the unit at the same time.
  • the infrared transmitting circuit comprises: a square wave generator, a modulation encoder, and a driving circuit.
  • the specific process of the infrared transmitting circuit is as follows:
  • the modulated 30-60 Khz square wave is emitted through a 940 nm infrared tube to provide a modulated fixed-frequency infrared light wave for detecting the vehicle.
  • the fixed frequency is preferably 38 Khz.
  • the infrared receiving circuit comprises: a reflected signal input stage, an initial amplifier, a band pass filter, a limiter automatic gain controller, a comparator, a Schmitt trigger, and a non-gate drive output.
  • a GMI detection module includes: an excitation resonance circuit unit and a magnetic abnormality detection conditioning circuit unit.
  • the principle is a GMI magnetic sensor with a GMI effect.
  • the magnetic sensor detects the movement of a ferromagnetic object by measuring changes in the surrounding earth's magnetic field. When a ferromagnetic object appears near the GMI magnetic sensor, it will cause bending and density changes of the surrounding earth's magnetic field lines.
  • the GMI magnetic sensor can sense this small change and determine whether there is a ferromagnetic object through certain judgment criteria. Appeared nearby. When there is no car, the earth's magnetic field is 55,000 nanosla (nT) (about 38 latitude in Beijing area); when there is a car, the earth's magnetic field is no longer 55,000 nT after being disturbed, and magnetic anomalies occur.
  • nT nanosla
  • the excitation resonant circuit unit includes: an excitation oscillator, a magnetic resonance drive circuit, and a magnetic-sensitive GMI probe, wherein the magnetic-sensitive GMI probe comprises: a magnetic-sensitive sub-nano metal used as a magnetic core. Glass fiber (also called amorphous wire), magnetic detection coil and magnetic compensation coil.
  • the excitation oscillator and the magnetic resonance driving circuit apply a high-frequency alternating current to the magnetic core (amorphous wire), and the high-frequency current flowing through the magnetic core (amorphous wire) changes under the influence of the magnetic field, and the magnetic core is changed by the magnetic core.
  • the magnetic winding coil that is wound up detects a change signal of the magnetic field, and is output after passing through the magnetic abnormality detecting circuit and detecting the amplifying circuit.
  • the GMI magnetic sensor features high sensitivity, fast response and no hysteresis.
  • the excitation oscillator excites a high frequency alternating current for a magnetic sensitive GMI probe, and the high frequency alternating current generates magnetic resonance of the magnetic sensitive GMI probe through a magnetic resonance driving circuit to improve the sensitivity of the magnetic field detection.
  • the magnetic abnormality detecting and conditioning circuit unit comprises: a magnetic compensation circuit, a temperature compensation circuit, a magnetic abnormality detection circuit, a detection amplification circuit, and a management control circuit.
  • the magnetic abnormality detecting and conditioning circuit unit is configured to process a change signal of the measured magnetic field, and detect a vehicle disturbance magnetic field magnetic abnormality signal of the parking space according to the processing result.
  • the magnetic output coil detects the change signal of the magnetic field and sends it to the amplification circuit for amplification
  • a part of the magnetic compensation circuit compensates the magnetic compensation coil for geomagnetism.
  • the temperature compensation circuit automatically compensates, and the management control circuit performs power management on the entire GMI detection module to reduce power consumption.
  • the GMI magnetic sensor adopting the GMI effect has the following advantages compared with the GMR magnetic sensor:
  • the GMR magnetic sensor has a resolution of up to 7.5nT (7500PT) and a response speed of 1s-15s. It has high sensitivity. It can accurately detect the vehicle information of the parking space, and has a fast response speed, which can achieve nanosecond rapid detection and resistance.
  • the interference ability is strong, and the detection threshold of the microvolt level can be realized; the resolution of the GMI magnetic sensor can reach 0.001nT (1PT) and the response speed is 100ns; the preferred GMI magnetic sensor can reach the resolution (10PT).
  • the GMI magnetic sensor is manufactured by simple and reliable water-jet drawing, and the GMR magnetic sensor adopts a film-forming process, which is complicated.
  • GMI magnetic sensor is excited by AC current, its sensitivity is high without boosting voltage, it can be supplied with low voltage, such as: 1.85V, simple circuit structure, low cost, low power consumption, small size, easy to use in rapid industrialization; and GMR magnetic
  • the sensor is excited by DC current, and its sensitivity is realized by the boosted voltage. It needs to be ⁇ 12V or more.
  • the power supply voltage is 5V, there must be a circuit for boosting the voltage, and the circuit structure is complicated.
  • the GMI magnetic sensor detects the changing magnetic field by detecting the change of the AC impedance, detecting multiple directions without temperature drift; and the GMR magnetic sensor detects the changing magnetic field by detecting the change of the DC resistance.
  • the magnetization direction is the same, the resistance is in a weak applied magnetic field. Under the big change, single direction, so the detection resistance The temperature is large.
  • the GMI magnetic sensor does not affect the traffic, the construction amount is small, the volume is small, and the GMI magnetic sensor has low maintenance cost, low investment cost, and low power consumption.
  • the relay node includes: a data processor MCU, a wireless transceiver unit 1, a wireless transceiver unit 2, a 485 communication interface, a serial communication interface, and a General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) communication.
  • the interface, the TTL output circuit, and the power conversion module; the relay node is configured to receive the vehicle information of the parking space issued by the vehicle detector and forward the information to the target device, where the target device includes: a convergence node or a device control cabinet.
  • GPRS General Packet Radio Service
  • the vehicle detector employs a housing structure that is waterproof and moisture-proof, optically optical, and uses a metal-free pressure-resistant material to prevent movement of the vehicle detector, thereby protecting the vehicle detector.
  • the housing of the vehicle detector comprises: a battery, a waterproof apron, a light focusing, an infrared filter, a communication antenna, wherein the optical focusing is used to increase the energy of the light, and the infrared filter
  • the mirror is used to prevent other spectral interference and reduce false alarms.
  • the vehicle detector further includes: a mercury switch, wherein the mercury switch is configured to control an operating state of the vehicle detector power source by a placement state of the mercury switch.
  • the mercury switch When the mercury switch is placed in the forward direction, the power of the vehicle detector is turned on; conversely, when the mercury switch is placed in the reverse direction, the power of the vehicle detector is turned off.
  • Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides an intelligent parking monitoring management system, which includes: a vehicle detector, a wireless communication unit, a parking monitoring management center, a big data service center, a management terminal, and User terminal.
  • the vehicle detector is configured to detect vehicle information of the parking space, and send the vehicle information detecting the parking space to the parking device by using the wireless communication unit a vehicle monitoring management center
  • the parking monitoring management center is configured to process vehicle information that receives the parking space, and perform monitoring management and charging management on the parking space information according to the processing result
  • the big data service a center for providing a user with a GIS map, a navigation, and a third-party payment interface, and for acquiring parking space information in the parking monitoring management center and performing statistics and publishing
  • the management personnel terminal is used for a parking lot.
  • the management personnel view, enter, and charge the parking space information and the vehicle information
  • the user terminal is used to query the parking location, navigation, and payment.
  • the wireless communication unit includes: at least one sink node and at least one relay node, where the wireless communication unit and the vehicle detector form a wireless communication network, and the wireless communication network adopts a mesh/ The star topology, as shown in Figure 15, where the relay node is a sink node without GPRS/3G/4G functionality.
  • each relay node is connected to at least one vehicle detector, and the vehicle detector to which the relay node is connected to the relay node constitutes a star network, and the vehicle detector will detect the parking space.
  • the vehicle information is transmitted to the relay node, and the relay nodes form a mesh network through the wireless communication modules of different channels to transmit the vehicle information to the sink node.
  • the sink node uploads the vehicle information of the parking space detected by all the vehicle detectors in the entire wireless communication network to the parking monitoring management center, and is stored and processed by the parking monitoring management center.
  • a different channel is used between the star network formed by each relay node and the vehicle detector, and communication can be performed at the same time, thereby forming a large-scale network of more than a thousand points.
  • the second wireless communication module different from the vehicle detector is used between the relay nodes, and works on different channels, which can avoid mutual interference between the communication between the relay nodes and the vehicle detector communication.
  • a parking lot deploys 1 aggregation node, multiple relay nodes and multiple vehicle detectors.
  • the relay node in Embodiment 1 can be used as the relay node in Embodiment 2.
  • the wireless communication unit includes at least one sink node, and the wireless communication unit and the vehicle detector form a wireless communication network, and the wireless communication network adopts a star topology, as shown in FIG.
  • Each sink node is connected to at least one vehicle detector, and the vehicle detector connected to the sink node forms a star network, and each sink node uses different channels to work simultaneously, and each parking lot is deployed.
  • At least one sink node and at least one vehicle detector; the sink node for detecting all detected vehicle detectors connected thereto The vehicle information of the parking space is uploaded to the parking monitoring management center.
  • the network of each aggregation node works simultaneously with different channels.
  • a multi-channel communication division mechanism is adopted.
  • CSMA Carrier Sense Multiple Access
  • TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
  • the vehicle detector managed by each relay node or sink node is divided into a logical unit, and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) communication is adopted in the unit, and the network scale is small and the delay is Small; each relay node uses different channel communication, so that vehicle detectors in different logical units can simultaneously transmit data to the relay node or sink node to which they belong without interference, thereby expanding the network scale.
  • TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
  • FIG. 17 is a communication system function of a vehicle detector in a wireless communication network and a relay node or vehicle detector in FIG. 15 and a sink node in FIG. 16, including: joining a network, resource allocation, and low power consumption monitoring.
  • joining the network enables the vehicle detector to automatically join the wireless communication network after power-on
  • the resource allocation can realize the division of the communication time slot of the vehicle detector
  • the low-power monitoring can realize the low-power monitoring and network communication of the vehicle information of the parking space. Maintenance function.
  • a flowchart of joining a network after the relay node/aggregation node works, periodically broadcasts a beacon frame for the vehicle detector to access the network and synchronizes, and the content of the beacon frame includes: a network number, Network time, the relay node/aggregation node has connected the number of vehicle detectors and receives the join request frame time slot.
  • the vehicle detector After the vehicle detector is powered on, it monitors the beacon frame on all channels and records the parameters of all received beacon frames: network number, time, signal quality, received signal time, number of connected nodes, and so on.
  • the relay selection algorithm is used to find the most suitable relay node/aggregation node, and the “receive join request frame time slot” of the relay node/sink node to the relay node/ The sink node sends a join request.
  • Join the physical address of the request packet with the vehicle detector Whether the vehicle detector is allowed to join or not is returned by the relay node/aggregation node, and the join response is returned. If the return is allowed to join the response, the vehicle detector obtains the network address assigned by the relay node/aggregation node to complete the joining process.
  • the relay node/aggregation node needs to store and maintain the physical address and network address of each vehicle detector.
  • the beacon time T is monitored on the initial channel, and then Switch to the next channel to listen to T time until all channel monitoring is complete.
  • the beacon frame information is stored.
  • the beacon with the best signal quality is searched, and then it is judged whether the number of connected vehicle detectors of the beacon reaches the upper limit. If the upper limit is reached, the storage beacon is re-discovered.
  • the beacon with the second-best signal quality in the frame information if there are multiple beacons with the same signal quality, compare the number of connected vehicle detectors of these beacons, and select the beacon with the least number of connected vehicle detectors, if there are many
  • the beacons with the fewest number of connected vehicle detectors are randomly selected.
  • the vehicle detector initiates a join request with the relay node/sink node corresponding to the selected beacon as the destination address.
  • the resource allocation method shown in FIG. 17 is as follows: after the vehicle detector joins the network, the network address assigned to the relay node/sink node is obtained, and the network address allocation is sequentially performed from 1 to the number of connected vehicle detectors.
  • the vehicle detector transmits data to the relay node/aggregation node with its network address as the TDMA time slot for transmitting data; the relay node/aggregation node returns the ACK acknowledgement packet after receiving the data. That is, the allocation of TDMA resources is calculated by the vehicle detector itself, and there is no need to allocate time slots, and the speed is fast, which reduces communication and energy consumption caused by resource allocation.
  • n reserved time slots are reserved, which are used for transmission failure.
  • the vehicle detector resends data during this time.
  • a relay node with six vehicle detectors assigns time slots 1 through 6 to each vehicle detector, and 7 and 8 time slots are reserved for retransmission.
  • the No. 1 vehicle detector transmits data in 1 time slot, and if no ACK is received, it will perform CSMA transmission in 7 time slots.
  • the TDMA time slot is selected for transmission according to the network address of each node. Because the probability of packet loss is small, the relay node with 6 vehicle detectors can reserve 2 reserved time slots. For example, in 7 and 8 time slots, the vehicle detector uses csma to compete for transmission, which ensures transmission. Reliability, which reduces transmission delay.
  • the low power detection method uses a high frequency detection method and a low frequency transmission method. That is, the high-frequency start sensor detects the presence or absence of a signal of the parking space. If the detected signal does not change, the data is not transmitted in the data transmission time slot of the vehicle detector, the power consumption is reduced, and if a change is detected, the data is transmitted.
  • the vehicle detector sends a survival indication frame to the relay node or the aggregation node to indicate that it is working normally when the vehicle has no signal for a long time; when the signal transmission change is detected, the survival is stopped. Indicates the frame.
  • the main functions of the parking monitoring management center include: a parking space information management module and a charging module, wherein the parking space information management module mainly completes the summary of the vehicle detector data, and newly installs the position of the vehicle detector. Information and physical address entry, matching of the location information and physical address; vehicle detector battery voltage monitoring, parking photo import.
  • the billing module mainly completes the parking and driving time records, the automatic calculation of the tariff, and the inquiry of the arrears list.
  • the big data service center is connected to a parking monitoring management center, and the main functions of the big data service center include: releasing parking space information, and providing a geographic information system for the user (Geographic Information System, GIS) map, navigation, third-party payment interface and parking space information, wherein the parking space information includes: the total number of empty parking spaces in the vicinity of the designated location, the latitude and longitude of each parking space, whether the parking space is occupied.
  • GIS Geographic Information System
  • the interaction process between the manager terminal and the parking monitoring management center is performed.
  • the vehicle detector detects the vehicle information, and reports the data to the parking monitoring management center, and the parking monitoring management center gives the parking space.
  • the administrator sends a vehicle arrival prompt.
  • the manager terminal displays the actual parking space number, and takes photos, uploads, and the parking monitoring management center stores the camera information and carries out license plate recognition and billing.
  • the vehicle detector detects the departure information and reports the parking monitoring management.
  • the center, the parking monitoring management center charges and leaves the parking space number of the vehicle, and the tariff is sent to the management terminal.
  • the vehicle detector detects the vehicle parking information and sends it to the parking monitoring management center through the wireless communication unit, and the parking monitoring management center sends the parking space occupation information to the management personnel terminal device of the management personnel, and the management personnel terminal passes the sound, vibration,
  • the message prompt box reminds the management personnel; the management personnel checks the occupied parking space position and goes to the parking space to confirm, uses the management personnel terminal to take a picture of the stopped vehicle, and the management personnel terminal uploads the photo and the parking space position information to the parking monitoring management center to start counting fee.
  • the vehicle detector detects the vehicle leaving information and sends it to the parking monitoring management center through the wireless communication unit, and the parking monitoring management center sends the vehicle leaving information to the manager terminal of the manager, and the manager terminal passes the voice, vibration, and message.
  • the reminder box reminds the management personnel; the manager confirms the vehicle leaving information and obtains the parking billing information, and confirms that the user pays the parking fee by means of cash, mobile payment, etc., and starts the bill.
  • the interaction process between the user terminal and the big data center is performed.
  • the user logs in to the smart parking monitoring management system application (app)
  • the user uploads the map, and searches for the parking space information near the destination by self-positioning or inputting the destination address.
  • the automatic navigation is started; the app continuously updates the parking space information in real time, the vehicle reaches the parking space, and the user presses the parking button; when the user leaves, the login app presses the leaving button, and the system obtains the parking fee and the license plate information.
  • payment payment is made by cash, credit card or mobile payment.
  • an ultrasonic sensor is added to the vehicle detector, and the vehicle information of the parking space is jointly detected by the GMI detection module and the ultrasonic sensor.
  • an intelligent parking berth management system based on GMI detection and ultrasonic sensors includes: a GMI detection module and an ultrasonic sensor, a vehicle detector, a relay node, a convergence node, and a mooring a vehicle monitoring management center, wherein the vehicle detector is configured to detect vehicle information of a parking space, and send the detected information to a sink node through a relay node; the sink node is configured to receive the vehicle Following the vehicle information of the parking space sent by the node, and transmitting the information to the parking monitoring management center via the Internet, mobile internet or other wireless communication technology; the parking monitoring management center is configured to receive the parking space sent by the aggregation node The vehicle information is processed, and the vehicle information of the parking space is processed, and the parking space information is monitored and managed according to the processing result.
  • an electronic tag reader is added to the system.
  • an intelligent parking berth management system based on a GMI detection and an electronic tag reader comprising: a GMI sensor and an electronic tag reader to form a vehicle information reading device and a relay. a node, a sink node, and a parking monitoring management center, wherein the vehicle detector is configured to detect vehicle information of the parking space, and transmit the vehicle information of the detected parking space to the receiver through the repeater, the electronic tag reads a card reader for reading vehicle information and transmitting the read vehicle information to a relay node, the vehicle information comprising: a car number, a vehicle type, a vehicle type, and the like; the aggregation node, configured to receive the parking space Vehicle information and vehicle information read by the electronic tag reader are transmitted to the parking monitoring management center via the Internet, mobile internet or other wireless communication technology; The parking monitoring management center is configured to process the received information, and perform monitoring management and charging management on the parking space information according to the processing result; the parking monitoring management center is further configured to read the
  • the embodiment of the invention is applicable to a vehicle equipped with a microwave electronic tag as an electronic identification card for identification of a mobile vehicle;
  • the microwave electronic tag is also called an electronic tag of a UHF and a microwave frequency band, and can be divided into
  • the typical operating frequency is: 433.92MHz, 862 (902) ⁇ 928MHz, 2.45GHz, 5.8GHz.
  • the microwave electronic tag is located in the far field of the radiation field of the electronic tag reader antenna, and the coupling mode between the microwave electronic tag and the electronic tag reader is electromagnetic coupling.
  • the radiation field of the electronic tag reader antenna provides RF energy to the passive tag and wakes up the active tag.
  • the reading distance of the corresponding radio frequency identification system is generally greater than 1 m, typically 4 to 7 m, and the maximum is more than 10 m.
  • the electronic tag reader antennas are generally directional antennas, and only the microwave electronic tags within the directional beam range of the electronic tag reader antenna can be read/written.
  • passive microwave electronic tags operate in the 902-928 MHz operating band.
  • 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz RFID systems are mostly available in semi-passive microwave electronic label products.
  • Semi-passive tags are typically powered by button batteries and have a farther reading distance.
  • microwave electronic tags mainly focus on whether passive, wireless read/write distance, whether to support multi-microwave electronic tag reading and writing, whether it is suitable for high-speed identification applications, the emission power tolerance of electronic tag readers, microwave electronic tags and electronic tags. The price of the card reader and so on.
  • the write distance is typically less than the read distance because the write requires more energy.
  • the embodiments of the present invention are applicable to a community, an office building, a supermarket, a parking lot, a school, an intersection, and a bayonet.
  • the vehicle detector is a dual sensor structure, including: a GMI detection module and an infrared detection module, the infrared detection module may be a photodetector, and the GMI detection module may be a magnetic sensor, and the specific detection methods are as follows:
  • the vehicle detector first activates the magnetic sensor. If the magnetic sensor detects invalid information, it determines that the parking space is in an idle state; if the magnetic sensor detects valid information, it determines whether the photodetector detects To the valid information, if the photodetector also detects the valid information, it is determined that the parking space is occupied; if the photodetector does not detect the valid information, it is determined that the parking space is in an idle state.
  • the vehicle detector first activates the magnetic sensor. If the magnetic sensor detects the valid information, it determines that the parking space is occupied. If the magnetic sensor detects the invalid information, it determines whether the photodetector detects Valid information, if the photodetector also detects invalid information, it is determined that the parking space is in an idle state; if the photodetector detects valid information, it is determined that the parking space is occupied.
  • the vehicle detector first activates the photodetector. If the photodetector detects valid information, it determines that the parking space is occupied. If the photodetector detects invalid information, it determines whether the magnetic sensor is The valid information is detected. If the magnetic sensor also detects the invalid information, it is determined that the parking space is in an idle state; if the magnetic sensor detects the valid information, it is determined that the parking space is occupied.
  • an early warning detection method is adopted.
  • any one of the two sensors is activated to determine, if the judgment is valid. , directly give the test results, if the judgment is invalid, then start another sensor for detection.
  • FIGS. 28(a)-(c) can be used in combination in different parking detection stages, wherein for FIG. 28(b) and FIG. 28(c), FIG. 28 is preferred in the periodic detection stage.
  • FIG. 28 is preferred in the periodic detection stage. The method shown in (c).
  • a parking continuous monitoring and identification method is adopted.
  • the vehicle detector is a dual sensor structure.
  • the method includes: a GMI detection module and an infrared detection module, the infrared detection module may be a photodetector, and the GMI detection module may be a magnetic sensor.
  • the parking mode occupancy detection method is used to determine the parking occupancy.
  • the vehicle detector records the last environmental magnetic field. When the magnetic sensor detects the magnetic signal, the timer is enabled to enter. The continuous detection mode detects the magnetic signal and the optical signal, and stores the detected magnetic signal and optical signal.
  • the forward and backward of the vehicle generate forward and reverse magnetic anomaly signals, and the vehicle is identified by continuous forward and reverse magnetic anomaly signals.
  • the continuous action when the timer reaches the predetermined time, the vehicle detector detects the optical signal and the magnetic signal. If the photoelectric sensor detects the optical signal, the magnetic abnormal signal disappears, and the magnetic signal detected by the magnetic sensor and the recorded environmental magnetic field When the difference is less than the preset threshold, it is considered to be parked, otherwise an alarm will be given.
  • the vehicle in-position detection method is also applicable to other types of magnetic sensors, and the motion recognition of the vehicle forward and backward is realized by recognizing the strength of the magnetic signal and the photoelectric sensor signal, so that the difference between the monitored magnetic signal and the environmental magnetic field is less than Set the threshold and combine with the photoelectric sensor to determine whether the vehicle is parked.
  • the photoelectric sensor and the continuous vehicle forward and backward movement recognition are used as the determination conditions, and the vehicle is considered to be separated as long as the vehicle is found to be moving and the photoelectric sensor detection is empty.
  • the vehicle detector adopts a double magnetic module to form an orthogonal structure, and respectively performs lateral and longitudinal magnetic anomaly detection, and when the vehicle sensor receives strong magnetic interference, it can only interfere with One of the magnetic sensors, the other magnetic sensor can still work normally. Thereby achieving strong anti-interference ability.
  • the present invention adopts a method for detecting the parking space in the case of not connecting with the parking system, and calculates the number of empty vehicles in the parking lot.
  • the system includes: 1 entrance vehicle detector, 1 exit vehicle detector, and 1 sink node.
  • the entrance vehicle detector counts an incoming vehicle by using a magnetic anomaly sensor and an infrared sensor; the exit vehicle detector uses a magnetic anomaly sensor and an infrared sensor pair Leaving the vehicle for counting; the sink node is used to communicate with the two vehicle detectors and calculate the number of entrance vehicles and the number of exit vehicles of the vehicle detector to obtain the free parking space of the parking lot, and transmit to the parking via the Internet, mobile internet or other wireless communication technology.
  • Monitoring Management Center is used to communicate with the two vehicle detectors and calculate the number of entrance vehicles and the number of exit vehicles of the vehicle detector to obtain the free parking space of the parking lot, and transmit to the parking via the Internet, mobile internet or other wireless communication technology.
  • a vehicle passing information is determined by the forward and reverse change modes of the magnetic abnormality sensor, and combined with the infrared sensor for auxiliary judgment.
  • the vacant parking space statistics are realized by the monitoring count of the entrance vehicle detector and the monitoring count of the exit vehicle detector.
  • the present invention discloses a method for obtaining the total number of free parking spaces in a parking lot, comprising the following steps:
  • Entering the vehicle counting step counting the entering vehicle by an entrance vehicle detector disposed at an entrance position of the parking lot; leaving the vehicle counting step: counting the leaving vehicle by an exit vehicle detector disposed at an exit position of the parking lot; Parking lot free parking space counting step: the gathering node communicates with the above vehicle detector to obtain the count value of entering and leaving the vehicle, and calculating the number of free parking spaces in the parking lot based on the total number of parking spaces in the current parking lot, the value of the entrance vehicle and the value of the leaving vehicle. .
  • the entering vehicle counting step the entrance vehicle detector counts an incoming vehicle by using a GMI magnetic abnormality sensor and an infrared sensor; in the leaving vehicle counting step: the exiting vehicle detector passes The GMI magnetic anomaly sensor and the infrared sensor are used to count the leaving vehicles; the aggregation node will calculate the number of free parking spaces in the parking lot, and transmit to the external parking monitoring management center and user terminal through the Internet, mobile internet or other wireless communication technologies. , manager terminal or big data service center.
  • the present invention provides a vehicle vacancy detection method based on an administrator terminal.
  • the interaction process between the manager terminal and the parking monitoring background management center shown in FIG. 32 includes:
  • the parking monitoring background management center After the vehicle arrives, the parking monitoring background management center sends the vehicle arrival information to the management personnel terminal. After obtaining the vehicle arrival information, the terminal takes a picture of the arriving vehicle and identifies the license plate number, and the license plate information and the photographed picture. Uploaded to the parking monitoring background management center together, the parking monitoring background management center stores the license plate information and the photographed picture to obtain the current parking of the vehicle Time, and time the total duration of the vehicle parked in the parking lot, and update the number of vacancies in the current parking lot;
  • the parking monitoring background management center sends the vehicle leaving information to the manager terminal.
  • the manager terminal takes a picture of the vehicle again, identifies the license plate number, and displays the license plate information and
  • the photographed picture is uploaded together to the parking monitoring background management center, and the parking monitoring background management center stores the license plate information and the photographed picture, obtains the departure time of the vehicle, and updates the number of vacancies in the current parking lot, and calculates
  • the parking fee of the vehicle the above information is sent to the management personnel terminal, and the management personnel terminal obtains the total parking time of the vehicle, the parking fee, and charges the vehicle for parking, and can pay the parking fee by means of cash, mobile payment, etc. bill.
  • the arrival and departure of the vehicle cannot be automatically recognized by the vehicle detector.
  • the management personnel must participate in the parking, leaving and payment process, but the parking space information and the departure photograph can be used to realize the statistics of the free parking space information, which is a low hardware. Cost of implementation.

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Abstract

本发明提供一种智能泊车监控管理系统及停车模式下车辆入位检测方法，该系统包括：车辆检测器、无线通信单元、泊车监控管理中心，其中，所述车辆检测器包括：红外检测模块和GMI检测模块；所述车辆检测器，用于对所述红外检测模块检测到的停车位的车辆有无信号和所述GMI检测模块检测到的停车位的车辆扰动地磁场磁异常信号进行综合处理后生成停车位的车辆信息并发送至所述无线通信单元；所述泊车监控管理中心，用于对接收到所述停车位的车辆信息进行处理，并根据处理结果对停车位信息进行监控管理及计费管理。本发明适用于车辆检测技术领域。

Description

智能泊车监控管理系统及停车模式下车辆入位检测方法 技术领域
本发明涉及车辆检测技术领域，特别是指一种智能泊车监控管理系统及停车模式下车辆入位检测方法。
背景技术
近年来，随着车辆增多，市区的停车位置变得日益紧张，尤其是使用相对频繁的路边泊车位，且伴随着市民随意停车占位、停车后不按停车时长缴纳费用，或者因管理员无法监管而屡屡出现逃避缴费现象时有发生，导致每年的地方财政收入无法得到有效保证。
为此，各地交通管理部门需要部署大量监管人员进行监管及收费，尽管这样能够一定程度减免上述现象发生，但限于路边泊车位比较分散，且人力监管力量有限，无法对市区停车情况进行全面、全天候监控，因此，依然无法有效解决路边停车逃避缴费的现象。
为此，出现一种智能停车收费管理系统，收费员将手持智能手机上岗，通过安装在停车位中间的车辆检测器和电脑终端，实现计时、收费的智能化。
对于车辆检测器，现有技术中通过各种传感器对车辆停车信息进行检测，常见检测方式如下：
(1)环形线圈式车辆检测器(又称为地感，多为埋设式检测系统)
环形线圈式车辆检测器是传统的交通检测器，是目前世界上用量最大的一种检测设备。当车辆通过埋设在路面下的环形线圈时，会引起环形线圈磁场的变化，环形线圈式车辆检测器据此计算出车辆的流量、速度、时间占有率和长度等交通参数，并上传给中央控制系统，以满足交通控制系统的需要。此种方法技术成熟，易于掌握，并有成本较低的优点。
但是，这种方法也有以下缺点：a.环形线圈在安装或维护时必须直接埋 入车道，这样交通会暂时受到阻碍。b.埋置环形线圈的切缝软化了路面，容易使路面受损，尤其是在有信号控制的十字路口，车辆启动或者制动时损坏可能会更加严重。c.环形线圈易受冰冻、路基下沉、盐碱等自然环境的影响。d.环形线圈由于自身的测量原理所限制，当车流拥堵，车间距小于3m的时候，其检测精度大幅度降低，甚至无法检测。
(2)波频车辆检测器(多为悬挂式检测系统)
波频车辆检测器是以微波、超声波和红外线等对车辆发射电磁波产生感应的检测器，这里主要介绍微波车辆检测器，它是一种价格低、性能优越的交通检测器，可广泛应用于城市道路和高速公路的交通信息检测。
微波车辆检测器的工作方式是：采用侧挂式，在扇形区域内发射连续的低功率调制微波，并在路面上留下一条长长的投影。微波车辆检测器以2米为一“层”，将投影分割为32层。用户可将检测区域定义为一层或多层。微波车辆检测器根据被检测目标返回的回波，测算出目标的交通信息，每隔一段时间通过RS-232向控制中心发送。它的车速检测原理是：根据特定区域的所有车型假定一个固定的车长，通过感应投影区域内的车辆的进入与离开经历的时间来计算车速。一台微波车辆检测器侧挂可同时检测8个车道的车流量、道路占有率和车速。
微波车辆检测器的测量方式在车型单一，车流稳定，车速分布均匀的道路上准确度较高，但是在车流拥堵以及大型车较多、车型分布不均匀的路段，由于遮挡，测量精度会受到比较大的影响。另外，微波检测器要求离最近车道有3m的空间，如要检测8车道，离最近车道也需要7-9m的距离而且安装高度达到要求。因此，在桥梁、立交、高架路的安装会受到限制，安装困难，价格也比较昂贵。
(3)视频车辆检测器
视频车辆检测器是通过视频摄像机作传感器，在视频范围内设置虚拟线圈，即检测区，车辆进入检测区时使背景灰度值发生变化，从而得知车辆的存在，并以此检测车辆的流量和速度。检测器可安装在车道的上方和侧面，与传统的交通信息采集技术相比，交通视频检测技术可提供现场的视频图像，可根 据需要移动检测线圈，有着直观可靠，安装调试维护方便，价格便宜等优点，缺点是容易受恶劣天气、灯光、阴影等环境因素的影响，汽车的动态阴影也会带来干扰。
上述检测器均存在不同方面的缺陷，因此目前较为先进的解决方案是采用了基于磁阻传感器的检测装置，利用车辆进入传感器测量范围内时，前端发动机、车轴等内部铁磁物质会对地磁场产生影响使其发生扭曲和畸变的原理实现对车辆的检测，参看图1所示，现有技术公开了一种基于巨磁阻(Giant Magneto Resistance，GMR)磁传感器的车辆检测系统，还包括室内室外发光二极管(Light emitting diode，LED)诱导牌、多个车辆检测机等设备，并结合低成本、低功耗、自组网的zigBee(紫蜂协议)无线通信技术，组建了一套复杂的车辆管理监控系统，该系统成本昂贵、设计复杂，安装不便，且鉴于该GMR磁传感器本身固有特性，导致该系统具有灵敏度低，判断误差大，温漂大的天然缺陷。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种智能泊车监控管理系统及停车模式下车辆入位检测方法，以解决现有技术所存在的成本高、安装复杂、灵敏度低、误差大及温漂大的问题。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明实施例提供一种智能泊车监控管理系统，及用于该系统中的车辆检测器、泊车监控管理中心，具体如下：
一种智能泊车监控管理系统，该系统包括：车辆检测器、无线通信单元和泊车监控管理中心，所述车辆检测器包括：红外检测模块和GMI检测模块；其特征在于：所述车辆检测器，用于对所述红外检测模块检测到的停车位的车辆有无信号和所述GMI检测模块检测到的停车位的车辆扰动地磁场磁异常信号进行综合处理后生成停车位的车辆信息并发送至所述无线通信单元；所述泊车监控管理中心，用于对接收到所述停车位的车辆信息进行处理，并根据处理结果对停车位信息进行监控管理及计费管理。
优选的，所述无线通信单元包括：中继节点及汇聚节点；所述中继节点， 用于接收所述车辆检测器发出的停车位的车辆信息，并将接收到的所述停车位的车辆信息进行处理并发送至目标设备，其中，所述目标设备包括：汇聚节点、路灯控制柜；所述汇聚节点，用于接收所述中继节点发来的处理后的停车位的车辆信息，并将所述车辆信息通过无线通信技术传输至所述泊车监控管理中心；所述无线通信技术包括WIFI、移动通信网络等。
优选的，该系统还包括：用户终端、管理人员终端及大数据服务中心；所述泊车监控管理中心对停车位信息进行监控管理包括：汇总停车场车位占用信息、存储各停车位停车照片并进行车牌识别、监测车辆检测器电压及导入新安装的车辆检测器的位置信息和地理信息，并匹配所述位置信息和地理信息；所述泊车监控管理中心对停车位计费管理包括：查询欠费、记录各停车位的本次停车时间、根据本次停车时间及识别的车牌确定本次停车资费并将所述资费发送至所述管理人员终端；所述管理人员终端，用于显示停车车辆实际占用的车位编号，用于监控车辆检测器的服役状态，用于对所述停车车辆进行拍照并上传至所述泊车监控管理中心、通过终端内含的图像压缩及拍照信息图像OCR获取软件将信息与交通指挥控制单位数据共享，还用于根据泊车监控管理中心发来的资费信息对停车车辆的用户进行收费；所述大数据服务中心，用于为用户提供GIS地图、导航及第三方支付接口，还用于获取所述泊车监控管理中心中的停车位信息并进行统计与发布，所述停车位信息包括：用户指定位置周边范围的空车位总数，每个停车位的经纬度，停车位是否被占用；所述用户终端，用于由用户根据所述大数据服务中心提供的GIS地图、导航及停车位信息，设定目标停车位，并利用导航功能控制车辆到达目的停车位，当用户离开目标停车位时，通过现金、信用卡或第三方支付接口支付本次停车资费。
优选的，所述无线通信单元包括：至少1个汇聚节点和至少1个中继节点；其中，所述无线通信单元与车辆检测器构成无线通信网络，所述无线通信网络采用网状/星型拓扑结构，所述中继节点是不带GPRS/3G/4G功能的汇聚节点；每个中继节点与至少一个车辆检测器通过无线相连，所述中继节点与该中继节点相连的车辆检测器构成一个星型网络，所述车辆检测器将检测到的停车位的车辆信息发送到所述至少一个中继节点，多个中继节点之间通过不同频道的无 线通信组成网状网络传输所述车辆信息至汇聚节点；每个一个停车场部署1个汇聚节点，至少一个中继节点和至少一个车辆检测器；所述汇聚节点，用于将整个无线通信网络中所有车辆检测器检测到的停车位的车辆信息上传至所述泊车监控管理中心。
优选的，所述中继节点包括：一个无线通信模块或两个不同频段的无线通信模块。
优选的，所述无线通信单元包括至少一个汇聚节点，由所述无线通信单元与车辆检测器构成无线通信网络，所述无线通信网络采用星型拓扑结构；其中，每个汇聚节点与至少一个车辆检测器相连，所述汇聚节点与该汇聚节点相连的车辆检测器构成一个星型网络，每个汇聚节点之间采用不同的频道同时工作，每个停车场部署至少一个汇聚节点和至少一个车辆检测器；所述汇聚节点，用于将接收到的连接到该汇聚节点的所有车辆检测器检测到的停车位的车辆信息上传至所述泊车监控管理中心。
优选的，所述车辆检测器，还用于按照预设的频率检测停车位的停车信号是否发生变化；当检测到的停车信号发生变化时，在所述车辆检测器的数据发送时隙发送数据；在预设时间内，当检测到的停车信号无变化时，在所述车辆检测器的数据发送时隙不发送数据；在超过预设的时间内，检测到的停车信号无变化时，所述车辆检测器发送存活指示帧表明其工作正常，当检测到停车信号发生变化时，停止发送所述存活指示帧。
优选的，所述车辆检测器，在监听完所有的频道后，通过中继选择算法找出能接入的且信号质量最好的信标对应的中继节点，并在该中继节点的接收加入请求帧时隙由所述车辆检测器向该中继节点发送加入请求；其中，所述加入请求数据包包括：所述车辆检测器的物理地址。
优选的，所述车辆检测器，在监听完所有的频道后，通过中继选择算法找出能接入的且信号质量最好的信标对应的汇聚节点，并在该汇聚节点的接收加入请求帧时隙由所述车辆检测器向该汇聚节点发送加入请求；其中，所述加入请求数据包包括：所述车辆检测器的物理地址。
优选的，，所述中继选择算法包括：通过车辆检测器监听所有的频道，每 个频道监听信标T时间，在T时间内，如果收到信标帧，则存储所述信标帧信息，直至监听完最后一个频道；根据存储的所述信标帧信息，查找信号质量最好的信标，并判断所述信标的已接入车辆检测器数量是否达到上限；如果达到上限，重新查找存储信标帧信息中信号质量次好的信标，如果有多个信号质量相同的信标，比较信号质量相同的信标已接入车辆检测器数量，选择已接入车辆检测器数量最少的信标；如果存在多个已接入车辆检测器数量最少的信标，则随机从中选择信标。
优选的，所述车辆检测器在所选择的中继节点的接收加入请求帧时隙向该中继节点发送加入请求之后：当中继节点返回加入响应时，所述车辆检测器获得中继节点分配的网络地址，所述网络地址的分配按照从1到所述中继节点已连接车辆检测器数量N依次进行分配，所述中继节点还用于存储和维护每个车辆检测器的物理地址和网络地址；车辆检测器以其获得的网络地址作为发送数据的TDMA时隙向所述中继节点发送数据；所述中继节点收到所述车辆检测器发送的数据后返回ACK确认包；其中，在每个传输周期内，所述中继节点不仅给每个车辆检测器分配一个TDMA时隙，还按照预设的个数预留TDMA时隙，在预留的TDMA时隙，所述车辆检测器按照CSMA方式发送数据。
优选的，，所述车辆检测器在其选择的汇聚节点的接收加入请求帧时隙向该汇聚节点发送加入请求之后：当汇聚节点返回加入响应时，所述车辆检测器获得汇聚节点分配的网络地址，所述网络地址的分配按照从1到所述汇聚节点已连接车辆检测器数量依次进行分配，所述汇聚节点还用于存储和维护每个车辆检测器的物理地址和网络地址；车辆检测器以其获得的网络地址作为发送数据的TDMA时隙向所述汇聚节点发送数据；所述汇聚节点收到所述车辆检测器发送的数据后返回ACK确认包；其中，在每个传输周期内，所述汇聚节点不仅给每个车辆检测器分配一个TDMA时隙，还按照预设的个数预留TDMA时隙，在预留的TDMA时隙，所述车辆检测器按照CSMA方式发送数据。
优选的，所述GMI检测模块包括：激励谐振电路单元和磁异常检出调理电路单元，其中，所述激励谐振电路单元包括：激励震荡器、磁共振驱动电路 及磁敏GMI探头；所述激励震荡器，用于为所述磁敏GMI探头激励高频交流电流；所述磁共振驱动电路，用于利用所述高频交流电流使所述磁敏GMI探头产生磁共振；所述磁敏GMI探头，用于测量磁场的变化信号；所述磁异常检出调理电路单元，用于对测量到的磁场的变化信号进行处理，并根据处理结果检测停车位的车辆扰动地磁场磁异常信号。
优选的，所述红外检测模块包括：红外发射电路及红外接收电路；所述红外发射电路，用于发射调制的固定频率的红外光波，当所述固定频率的红外光波被车辆遮挡时，所述红外光波反射回到所述红外接收电路；所述红外接收电路，用于接收反射的固定频率的红外光波，并对所述红外光波进行信号解调出数字信息，若接收到该固定频率的红外光波，输出数字0，0表示有车信号，若接收不到该固定频率的红外光波，输出数字1，1表示无车信号；还同时用于接收单位时间连续的编码个数、测量车辆与地面的高度、识别车辆的基本类型；
优选的，该红外检测模块还包括安全抗干扰通讯电路，其用于对红外光波中的非编码杂波进行过滤；
优选的，所述固定频率为30-60Khz中的任一固定值，所述固定值优选为38Khz、40Khz或42Khz。
优选的，所述车辆检测器还包括：水银开关；所述水银开关，用于通过所述水银开关的放置状态控制所述车辆检测器电源的工作状态；当该水银开关正向放置时，所述车辆检测器的电源为打开状态；当该水银开关倒向放置时，所述车辆检测器的电源为关闭状态。
优选的，所述车辆检测器采用壳体结构，所述壳体结构包括红外滤镜；优选的，该壳体结构采用无磁性的抗压材料或无金属的抗压材料。
优选的，所述车辆检测器还包括：超声波传感器，用于检测周边环境信息；所述车辆检测器，还用于对所述红外检测模块检测到的停车位的车辆有无信号、所述GMI检测模块检测到的停车位的车辆扰动地磁场磁异常信号及所述超声波传感器检测到周边环境信息进行综合处理后生成停车位的车辆信息并发送至所述无线通信单元。
优选的，该系统还包括：电子标签读卡器；所述电子标签读卡器，用于读取车辆的基本信息并通过所述无线通信单元将其传输至所述泊车监控管理中心，所述基本信息包括：车号、车种、车型；所述泊车监控管理中心，还用于对接收到所述停车位的车辆信息及所述电子标签读卡器读取到的车辆的基本信息进行处理，并根据处理结果对停车位信息进行监控管理及计费管理；且还能对所述电子标签读卡器进行读写、充值及通过所述电子标签读卡器对停车进行收费。
优选的，该系统通过所述电子标签读卡器对装有微波电子标签的车辆实现身份识别，其中，所述微波电子标签分为有源标签与无源标签两类，其典型工作频率为：433.92MHz，862(902)～928MHz，2.45GHz，5.8GHz；优选所述无源微波电子标签在902～928MHz工作频段上。
优选的，所述车辆检测器采用双磁模块，且所述双磁模块形成正交结构，分别进行横向磁异常检测和纵向磁异常检测。
本发明还提供了一种车辆检测器，其包括GMI检测模块，用于检测停车位的车辆扰动地磁场磁异常信号；其特征在于：所述GMI检测模块包括：激励谐振电路单元和磁异常检出调理电路单元；其中，所述激励谐振电路单元，用于激励高频交流电流产生磁共振并产生用于测量磁场的变化信号；所述磁异常检出调理电路单元，用于对测量到的磁场的变化信号进行处理，并根据处理结果检测停车位的车辆扰动地磁场磁异常信号。
优选的，所述激励谐振电路单元包括：激励震荡器、磁共振驱动电路及磁敏GMI探头；其中，所述激励震荡器，用于为所述磁敏GMI探头激励高频交流电流；所述磁共振驱动电路，用于利用所述高频交流电流使所述磁敏GMI探头产生磁共振；所述磁敏GMI探头，用于测量磁场的变化信号。
优选的，所述车辆检测器还包括：水银开关；所述水银开关，用于通过所述水银开关的放置状态控制所述车辆检测器电源的工作状态；当该水银开关正向放置时，所述车辆检测器的电源为打开状态；当该水银开关倒向放置时，所述车辆检测器的电源为关闭状态。
优选的，所述车辆检测器还包括：超声波传感器，用于检测所述超声波传 感器的周边环境信息；所述车辆检测器，还用于对所述红外检测模块检测到的停车位的车辆有无信号、所述GMI检测模块检测到的停车位的车辆扰动地磁场磁异常信号及所述超声波传感器检测到周边环境信息进行综合处理后生成停车位的车辆信息。
优选的，所述车辆检测器采用壳体结构，该壳体结构包括红外滤镜，该壳体结构采用无磁性的抗压材料或无金属的抗压材料；或者，所述车辆检测器采用双磁模块形成正交结构，分别进行横向磁异常检测和纵向磁异常检测。
优选的，该车辆检测器还包括红外检测模块，其特征在于：所述车辆检测器，用于对所述红外检测模块检测到的停车位的车辆有无信号和所述GMI检测模块检测到的停车位的车辆扰动地磁场磁异常信号进行综合处理后生成停车位的车辆信息。
优选的，所述红外检测模块包括：红外发射电路及红外接收电路；所述红外发射电路，用于发射调制的固定频率的红外光波，当所述固定频率的红外光波被车辆遮挡时，所述红外光波反射回到所述红外接收电路；所述红外接收电路，用于接收反射的固定频率的红外光波，并对所述红外光波进行信号解调出数字信息。
优选的，所述红外接收电路：若接收到该固定频率的红外光波，输出数字0，0表示有车信号；若接收不到该固定频率的红外光波，输出数字1，1表示无车信号。
优选的，所述红外接收电路：还同时用于接收单位时间连续的编码个数，测量车辆与地面的高度识别车辆的基本类型；或者，所述固定频率为30-60Khz中的任一固定值，所述固定值优选为38Khz、40Khz或42Khz。
优选的，所述车辆检测器设置于所述权利要求1-20中任一所述的智能泊车监控管理系统中。
本发明还提供了一种车辆检测器，包括：红外检测模块和GMI检测模块，其特征在于：所述车辆检测器，用于对所述红外检测模块检测到的停车位的车辆有无信号和所述GMI检测模块检测到的停车位的车辆扰动地磁场磁异常信号进行综合处理后生成停车位的车辆信息；所述GMI检测模块包括：激励谐 振电路单元和磁异常检出调理电路单元；其中，所述激励谐振电路单元包括：激励震荡器、磁共振驱动电路及磁敏GMI探头；所述激励震荡器，用于为所述磁敏GMI探头激励高频交流电流；所述磁共振驱动电路，用于利用所述高频交流电流使所述磁敏GMI探头产生磁共振；所述磁敏GMI探头，用于测量磁场的变化信号；所述磁异常检出调理电路单元，用于对测量到的磁场的变化信号进行处理，并根据处理结果检测停车位的车辆扰动地磁场磁异常信号。
优选的，所述红外检测模块包括：红外发射电路及红外接收电路；所述红外发射电路，用于发射调制的固定频率的红外光波，当所述固定频率的红外光波被车辆遮挡时，所述红外光波反射回到所述红外接收电路；所述红外接收电路，用于接收反射的固定频率的红外光波，并对所述红外光波进行信号解调出数字信息。
优选的，所述红外接收电路：若接收到该固定频率的红外光波，输出数字0，0表示有车信号；若接收不到该固定频率的红外光波，输出数字1，1表示无车信号；
优选的，所述红外接收电路：还同时用于接收单位时间连续的编码个数，测量车辆与地面的高度识别车辆的基本类型；或者，
优选的，所述固定频率为30-60Khz中的任一固定值，所述固定值优选为38Khz、40Khz或42Khz。
优选的，所述车辆检测器还包括：水银开关；所述水银开关，用于通过所述水银开关的放置状态控制所述车辆检测器电源的工作状态；当该水银开关正向放置时，所述车辆检测器的电源为打开状态；当该水银开关倒向放置时，所述车辆检测器的电源为关闭状态。
优选的，所述车辆检测器还包括：超声波传感器，用于检测所述周边环境信息；所述车辆检测器，还用于对所述红外检测模块检测到的停车位的车辆有无信号、所述GMI检测模块检测到的停车位的车辆扰动地磁场磁异常信号及所述超声波传感器检测到周边环境信息进行综合处理后生成停车位的车辆信息并发送至所述无线通信单元。
优选的，所述车辆检测器采用壳体结构，该壳体结构采用无金属的抗压材 料，所述壳体结构优选为红外滤镜；或者，所述车辆检测器采用双磁模块形成正交结构，分别进行横向磁异常检测和纵向磁异常检测。
优选的，所述车辆检测器设置于所述权利要求1-20中任一所述的智能泊车监控管理系统中。
本发明还提供了一种用于车辆检测的无线通信单元，包括：中继节点及汇聚节点，其特征在于：所述中继节点，用于接收车辆检测器发出的停车位的车辆信息，并将接收到的所述停车位的车辆信息进行处理并发送至目标设备，其中，所述目标设备为汇聚节点；所述汇聚节点，用于接收所述中继器发来的处理后的停车位的车辆信息，并将所述车辆信息传输至外部的泊车监控管理中心。
一种用于车辆检测的无线通信单元，包括：至少1个中继节点和1个汇聚节点；其中，所述无线通信单元与外部的车辆检测器构成无线通信网络，所述无线通信网络采用网状/星型拓扑结构，所述的中继节点是不带GPRS/3G/4G功能的汇聚节点；所述的车辆检测器，用于检测停车位的车辆信息；其特征在于：每个中继节点与至少一个车辆检测器相连，所述中继节点与该中继节点相连的车辆检测器构成一个星型网络，所述车辆检测器将检测到的停车位的车辆信息发送到所述至少一个中继节点，多个中继节点之间通过不同频道的无线通信模块组成网状网传输所述车辆信息至汇聚节点；所述汇聚节点，用于将整个无线通信网络中所有车辆检测器检测到的停车位的车辆信息上传至所述泊车监控管理中心；每个泊车区域或者停车场部署1个汇聚节点，至少1个中继节点和至少1个车辆检测器。
优选的，所述车辆检测器，在监听完所有的频道后，通过中继选择算法找出能接入的且信号质量最好的信标对应的中继节点，并由所述车辆检测器在该中继节点的接收加入请求帧时隙向该中继节点发送加入请求；其中，所述加入请求数据包包括：所述车辆检测器的物理地址。
优选的，所述车辆检测器在其选择的中继节点的接收加入请求帧时隙向该中继节点发送加入请求之后：当中继节点返回加入响应时，所述车辆检测器获得中继节点分配的网络地址，所述网络地址的分配按照从1到所述中继节点已 连接车辆检测器数量依次进行分配，所述中继节点还用于存储和维护每个车辆检测器的物理地址和网络地址；车辆检测器以其获得的网络地址作为发送数据的TDMA时隙向所述中继节点发送数据；所述中继节点收到所述车辆检测器发送的数据后返回ACK确认包；其中，在每个传输周期内，所述中继节点不仅给每个车辆检测器分配一个TDMA时隙，还按照预设的个数预留TDMA时隙，在预留的TDMA时隙，所述车辆检测器按照CSMA方式发送数据。
本发明还提供了一种用于车辆检测的无线通信单元，包括：至少1个汇聚节点；其中，所述无线通信单元与外部的车辆检测器构成无线通信网络，所述的车辆检测器，用于检测停车位的车辆信息；其特征在于：每个汇聚节点与至少1个车辆检测器相连，所述汇聚节点与该汇聚节点相连的车辆检测器构成一个星型网络，每个汇聚节点之间采用不同的频道同时工作；所述汇聚节点，用于将接收到的连接到该汇聚节点的所有车辆检测器检测到的停车位的车辆信息上传至外部的泊车监控管理中心；每个泊车区域或者停车场部署至少1个汇聚节点和至少1个车辆检测器。
优选的，所述车辆检测器，在监听完所有的频道后，通过中继选择算法找出能接入的且信号质量最好的信标对应的汇聚节点，并由所述车辆检测器在该汇聚节点的接收加入请求帧时隙向该汇聚节点发送加入请求；其中，所述加入请求数据包包括：所述车辆检测器的物理地址。
优选的，所述车辆检测器在其选择的汇聚节点的接收加入请求帧时隙由向该汇聚节点发送加入请求之后：当汇聚节点返回加入响应时，所述车辆检测器获得汇聚节点分配的网络地址，所述网络地址的分配按照从1到所述汇聚节点已连接车辆检测器数量依次进行分配，所述汇聚节点还用于存储和维护每个车辆检测器的物理地址和网络地址；车辆检测器以其获得的网络地址作为发送数据的TDMA时隙向所述汇聚节点发送数据；所述汇聚节点收到所述车辆检测器发送的数据后返回ACK确认包；
其中，在每个传输周期内，所述汇聚节点不仅给每个车辆检测器分配一个TDMA时隙，还按照预设的个数预留TDMA时隙，在预留的TDMA时隙，所述车辆检测器按照CSMA方式发送数据。
优选的，所述中继选择算法包括：通过车辆检测器监听所有的频道，每个频道监听信标T时间，在T时间内，如果收到信标帧，则存储所述信标帧信息，直至监听完最后一个频道；根据存储的所述信标帧信息，查找信号质量最好的信标，并判断所述信标的已接入车辆检测器数量是否达到上限；如果达到上限，重新查找存储信标帧信息中信号质量次好的信标，如果有多个信号质量相同的信标，比较信号质量相同的信标已接入车辆检测器数量，选择已接入车辆检测器数量最少的信标；如果存在多个已接入车辆检测器数量最少的信标，则随机从中选择信标。
优选的，所述车辆检测器，还用于按照预设的频率检测停车位的车辆有无的信号是否发生变化；当检测到的停车信号发生变化时，在所述车辆检测器的数据发送时隙发送数据；在预设时间内，当检测到的停车信号不变时，在所述车辆检测器的数据发送时隙不发送数据；在超过预设的时间时，检测到的停车信号不变时，所述车辆检测器发送存活指示帧表明其工作正常，当检测到停车信号发生变化时，停止发送所述存活指示帧。
优选的，该无线通信单元设置于所述权利要求1-20中任一所述的智能泊车监控管理系统中。
本发明还提供了一种用于智能泊车监控管理系统中的泊车监控管理中心，其用于对接收到所述停车位的车辆信息进行处理，并根据处理结果对停车位信息进行监控管理及计费管理，其特征在于：所述泊车监控管理中心对停车位信息进行监控管理包括：汇总停车场车位占用信息、存储各停车位停车照片并进行车牌识别、检测车辆检测器电压及导入新安装的车辆检测器的位置信息和地理信息，并匹配所述位置信息和地理信息；所述泊车监控管理中心对停车位计费管理包括：查询欠费、记录各停车位的本次停车时间、根据本次停车时间及识别的车牌确定本次停车资费并将所述资费发送至所述管理人员终端。
优选的，所述智能泊车监控管理系统还包括：车辆检测器和无线通信单元，其特征在于：所述车辆检测器包括：红外检测模块和GMI检测模块；所述车辆检测器，用于对所述红外检测模块检测到的停车位的车辆有无信号和所述GMI检测模块检测到的停车位的车辆扰动地磁场磁异常信号进行综合处理后 生成停车位的车辆信息并发送至所述无线通信单元；所述无线通信单元用于接收所述车辆检测器发送的车辆信息，并将其通过无线通信技术传输至所述泊车监控管理中心；所述无线通信单元包括：中继节点和汇聚节点；所述中继节点，用于接收所述车辆检测器发出的停车位的车辆信息，并将接收到的所述停车位的车辆信息进行处理并发送至目标设备，其中，所述目标设备为汇聚节点；所述汇聚节点，用于接收所述中继器发来的处理后的停车位的车辆信息，并将所述车辆信息传输至所述泊车监控管理中心。
本发明还提供了一种用于智能泊车监控管理系统中的用户终端，其用于根据所述大数据服务中心提供的GIS地图显示当前车辆停止的位置信息、导航路线信息、停车时间计时信息、目标停车位是否空位信息，及最终停车位GIS实时位置信息中的至少一个；其中，该用户终端还包括：导航模块：用于实现对导航路线的查询或用户位置到当前车辆停止的位置进行的导航功能；目标停车位模块：用于实现用户对目标停车位的预订，并将该预订信息发送给该管理系统中的其他用户终端；停车时间计时模块：用于实现对于当前停车位的车辆停止时间统计计时；空位信息显示模块：用于显示当前泊车场、距离当前位置预定距离内的泊车场、或者目标泊车场的空位信息；GIS实时位置信息显示模块：用于实时接收并进行显示所述智能泊车监控管理系统推送的当前用户的最终停车位GIS实时位置信息。
优选的，该用户终端还包括：推送信息显示模块：其用于接收外部服务器或终端发送给该用户终端中的信息，所述推送信息包括：基于该用户终端当前位置的LBS信息。
优选的，该用户终端还包括：信息交互模块：其用于接收来自所述泊车监控管理中心中的其他用户终端发送给该用户终端的信息，并可以接收用户的输入，将输入信息发送给其他用户终端，实现所述泊车监控管理中心中的不同用户终端之间的信息交互。
优选的，该智能泊车监控管理系统还包括：泊车监控管理中心、管理人员终端和大数据服务中心；其中，所述泊车监控管理中心，用于对接收到所述停车位的车辆信息进行处理，并根据处理结果对停车位信息进行监控管理及计费 管理：所述对停车位信息进行监控管理包括：汇总停车场车位占用信息、存储各停车位停车照片并进行车牌识别、检测车辆检测器电压及导入新安装的车辆检测器的位置信息和地理信息，并匹配所述位置信息和地理信息；所述泊车监控管理中心对停车位计费管理包括：查询欠费、记录各停车位的本次停车时间、根据本次停车时间及识别的车牌确定本次停车资费并将所述资费发送至所述管理人员终端；所述管理人员终端，用于显示停车车辆实际占用的车位编号，同时对所述停车车辆进行拍照并上传至所述泊车监控管理中心，还用于根据泊车监控管理中心发来的资费信息对停车车辆的用户进行收费；所述大数据服务中心，用于为用户提供GIS地图、导航及第三方支付接口，还用于获取所述泊车监控管理中心中的停车位信息并进行统计与发布，所述停车位信息包括：用户指定位置周边范围的空车位总数，每个停车位的经纬度，停车位是否被占用；所述用户终端，用于由用户根据所述大数据服务中心提供的GIS地图、导航及停车位信息，设定目标停车位，并利用导航功能控制车辆到达目的停车位，当用户离开目标停车位时，通过现金、信用卡或第三方支付接口支付本次停车资费。
本发明还提供了一种用于智能泊车监控管理系统中的管理人员终端，该智能泊车监控管理系统还包括：泊车监控管理中心、用户终端及大数据服务中心；其中，所述泊车监控管理中心，用于对接收到所述停车位的车辆信息进行处理，并根据处理结果对停车位信息进行监控管理及计费管理：所述对停车位信息进行监控管理包括：汇总停车场车位占用信息、存储各停车位停车照片并进行车牌识别、检测车辆检测器电压及导入新安装的车辆检测器的位置信息和地理信息，并匹配所述位置信息和地理信息；所述泊车监控管理中心对停车位计费管理包括：查询欠费、记录各停车位的本次停车时间、根据本次停车时间及识别的车牌确定本次停车资费并将所述资费发送至所述管理人员终端；所述大数据服务中心，用于为用户提供GIS地图、导航及第三方支付接口，还用于获取所述泊车监控管理中心中的停车位信息并进行统计与发布，所述停车位信息包括：用户指定位置周边范围的空车位总数，每个停车位的经纬度，停车位是否被占用；
所述用户终端，用于由用户根据所述大数据服务中心提供的GIS地图、导航及停车位信息，设定目标停车位，并利用导航功能控制车辆到达目的停车位，当用户离开目标停车位时，通过现金、信用卡或第三方支付接口支付本次停车资费；其特征在于：所述管理人员终端，用于显示停车车辆实际占用的车位编号，同时对所述停车车辆进行拍照并上传至所述泊车监控管理中心，还用于根据泊车监控管理中心发来的资费信息对停车车辆的用户进行收费。
本发明还提供了一种用于智能泊车监控管理系统中的大数据服务中心，其特征在于：该智能泊车监控管理系统还包括：泊车监控管理中心、用户终端及管理人员终端；其中，所述泊车监控管理中心，用于对接收到所述停车位的车辆信息进行处理，并根据处理结果对停车位信息进行监控管理及计费管理：所述对停车位信息进行监控管理包括：汇总停车场车位占用信息、存储各停车位停车照片并进行车牌识别、检测车辆检测器电压及导入新安装的车辆检测器的位置信息和地理信息，并匹配所述位置信息和地理信息；所述泊车监控管理中心对停车位计费管理包括：查询欠费、记录各停车位的本次停车时间、根据本次停车时间及识别的车牌确定本次停车资费并将所述资费发送至所述管理人员终端；所述管理人员终端，用于显示停车车辆实际占用的车位编号，同时对所述停车车辆进行拍照并上传至所述泊车监控管理中心，还用于根据泊车监控管理中心发来的资费信息对停车车辆的用户进行收费；所述用户终端，用于由用户根据所述大数据服务中心提供的GIS地图、导航及停车位信息，设定目标停车位，并利用导航功能控制车辆到达目的停车位，当用户离开目标停车位时，通过现金、信用卡或第三方支付接口支付本次停车资费；其特征在于：所述大数据服务中心，用于为用户提供GIS地图、导航及第三方支付接口，还用于获取所述泊车监控管理中心中的停车位信息并进行统计与发布，所述停车位信息包括：用户指定位置周边范围的空车位总数，每个停车位的经纬度，停车位是否被占用。
本发明还提供了一种智能泊车监控管理方法，该方法包括：车辆检测步骤、无线通信步骤和泊车监控管理步骤，其特征在于：车辆检测步骤：车辆检测器通过红外检测模块对停车位的车辆有无信号进行检测和/或通过GMI检测模块 对停车位的车辆扰动地磁场磁异常信号进行检测，进行综合处理后生成停车位的车辆信息；无线通信步骤：通过无线通信单元将上述停车位的车辆信息发送给泊车监控管理中心；泊车监控管理步骤：泊车监控管理中心用于对接收到所述停车位的车辆信息进行处理，并根据处理结果对停车位信息进行监控管理及计费管理。
优选的，所述车辆检测步骤进一步包括：按照预设的频率检测停车位的车辆停车信号是否发生变化；当检测到的停车信号发生变化时，在所述车辆检测器的数据发送时隙发送数据；在预设时间内，当检测到的停车信号不变时，在所述车辆检测器的数据发送时隙不发送数据；在超过预设的时间时，检测到的停车信号不变时，所述车辆检测器发送存活指示帧表明其工作正常，当检测到停车信号发生变化时，停止发送所述存活指示帧。
优选的，所述无线通信单元包括：至少1个中继节点和1个汇聚节点；其中，所述无线通信单元与外部的车辆检测器构成无线通信网络，所述无线通信网络采用网状/星型拓扑结构，所述的中继节点是不带GPRS/3G/4G功能的汇聚节点；所述的车辆检测器，用于检测停车位的车辆信息；每个中继节点与至少一个车辆检测器相连，所述中继节点与该中继节点相连的车辆检测器构成一个星型网络，所述车辆检测器将检测到的停车位的车辆信息发送到所述至少一个中继节点，多个中继节点之间通过不同频道的无线通信模块组成网状网传输所述车辆信息至汇聚节点；所述汇聚节点，用于将整个无线通信网络中所有车辆检测器检测到的停车位的车辆信息上传至所述泊车监控管理中心；所述车辆检测步骤进一步包括：监听完所有的频道后，通过中继选择算法找出能接入的且信号质量最好的信标对应的中继节点，并在该中继节点的接收加入请求帧时隙向中继节点发送加入请求；所述加入请求数据包包括：所述车辆检测器的物理地址。
优选的，所述无线通信单元包括至少1个汇聚节点；其中，所述无线通信单元与外部的车辆检测器构成无线通信网络，所述的车辆检测器，用于检测停车位的车辆信息；每个汇聚节点与至少1个车辆检测器相连，所述汇聚节点与该汇聚节点相连的车辆检测器构成一个星型网络，每个汇聚节点之间采用不同 的频道同时工作；所述汇聚节点，用于将接收到的连接到该汇聚节点的所有车辆检测器检测到的停车位的车辆信息上传至外部的泊车监控管理中心；所述车辆检测步骤进一步包括：在监听完所有的频道后，通过中继选择算法找出能接入的且信号质量最好的信标对应的汇聚节点，并在该汇聚节点的接收加入请求帧时隙向汇聚节点发送加入请求；所述加入请求数据包包括：所述车辆检测器的物理地址。
优选的，所述中继选择算法包括：监听所有的频道，每个频道监听信标T时间，在T时间内，如果收到信标帧，则存储所述信标帧信息，直至监听完最后一个频道；根据存储的所述信标帧信息，查找信号质量最好的信标，并判断所述信标的已接入车辆检测器数量是否达到上限；如果达到上限，重新查找存储信标帧信息中信号质量次好的信标，如果有多个信号质量相同的信标，比较信号质量相同的信标已接入车辆检测器数量，选择已接入车辆检测器数量最少的信标；如果存在多个已接入车辆检测器数量最少的信标，则随机从中选择信标。
本发明还提供了一种用于停车位的车辆入位检测方法，其特征在于，包括：
车辆检测器实时监测停车位的当前磁信号状态：若没有检测到磁信号，则记录上一时刻的环境磁场，当检测到磁信号后，启动定时器，连续检测磁信号和红外光信号用于识别车辆的运动；当定时器达到预设时间后，若检测到的红外光信号有效，且检测到的磁信号与已记录的环境磁场的差异小于预设阈值，则判定停车入位，否则，进行报警提示；通过所述车辆检测器确定停车位的状态，所述停车位的状态包括：停车位空闲或停车位被占用；优选的，所述的磁信号监测方法采用磁场变化斜率监测方法。
优选的，所述连续检测磁信号和红外光信号用于识别车辆的运动包括：通过连续的检测正向磁异常信号、反向磁异常信号及红外光信号用于识别车辆的前进后退运动；和/或，通过检测磁信号和红外光信号确定位于停车位的车辆是否有运动,若有运动，且检测到的光信号无效，则判定车辆已离开停车位。
优选的，所述确定停车位的状态包括：判断检测到的磁信号是否有效，若磁信号有效，则判定停车位被占用；若磁信号无效，则检测光信号并判断检测 到的光信号是否有效，若光信号有效，则判定停车位被占用，若红外光信号无效，则判定停车位空闲。
优选的，所述确定停车位的状态包括：判断检测到的红外光信号是否有效，若光信号有效，则判定停车位被占用；若光信号无效，则检测磁信号并判断检测到的磁信号是否有效，若磁信号有效，则判定停车位被占用，若磁信号无效，则判定停车位空闲。
优选的，所述确定停车位的状态包括：判断检测到的磁信号是否有效，若磁信号无效，则判定停车位空闲；若磁信号有效，则检测光信号并判定检测到的光信号是否有效，若光信号有效，则判定停车位被占用，若光信号无效，则判定停车位空闲。
本发明还提供了一种获取停车场的空闲车位总数的系统，其无需与停车场的监控系统连接也能准确计算停车场内的空车位数量，包括1个入口车辆检测器、1个出口车辆检测器和1个汇聚节点；其特征在于：所述入口车辆检测器，设置在停车场的入口位置，用于对进入车辆进行计数；所述出口车辆检测器，设置在停车场的出口位置，用于对离开车辆进行计数；所述汇聚节点，与上述车辆检测器通信获得进入车辆和离开车辆的计数数值，并结合当前停车场的车位总数、入口车辆数值和离开车辆数值进行运算得到停车场空闲车位的数量。
优选的，所述入口车辆检测器，通过使用GMI磁异常传感器和红外传感器对进入车辆进行计数；所述出口车辆检测器，通过使用GMI磁异常传感器和红外传感器对离开车辆进行计数；所述汇聚节点将运算得到停车场空闲车位的数量，通过因特网、移动互联网或其他无线通信技术传输到外部的泊车监控管理中心、用户终端、管理人员终端或大数据服务中心。
优选的，所述入口车辆检测器和出口车辆检测器用于判断车辆计数时，通过磁异常传感器正向和反向变化模式确定一个车辆经过信息，并结合红外传感器进行辅助判断，在获取某个时间停车场空闲车位数的条件下，通过入口车辆检测器的监测计数和出口车辆检测器的监测计数实现空余车位统计。
本发明还提供了一种获取停车场的空闲车位总数的方法，其通过上述系统实现，该方法包括如下步骤：进入车辆计数步骤：通过设置在停车场的入口位 置的入口车辆检测器，对进入车辆进行计数；离开车辆计数步骤：通过设置在停车场的出口位置的出口车辆检测器，对离开车辆进行计数；停车场空闲车位计数步骤：汇聚节点与上述车辆检测器通信获得进入车辆和离开车辆的计数数值，并结合当前停车场的车位总数、入口车辆数值和离开车辆数值进行运算得到停车场空闲车位的数量。
优选的，在所述进入车辆计数步骤中：所述入口车辆检测器，通过使用GMI磁异常传感器和红外传感器对进入车辆进行计数；在所述离开车辆计数步骤中：所述出口车辆检测器，通过使用GMI磁异常传感器和红外传感器对离开车辆进行计数；所述汇聚节点将运算得到停车场空闲车位的数量，通过因特网、移动互联网或其他无线通信技术传输到外部的泊车监控管理中心、用户终端、管理人员终端或大数据服务中心。
优选的，所述入口车辆检测器和出口车辆检测器用于判断车辆计数时，通过磁异常传感器正向和反向变化模式确定一个车辆经过信息，并结合红外传感器进行辅助判断，在获取某个时间停车场空闲车位数的条件下，通过入口车辆检测器的监测计数和出口车辆检测器的监测计数实现空余车位统计。
本发明还提供了一种基于管理人员终端的车辆空位检测方法，所述管理人员终端与泊车监控后台管理中心进行信息交互，该方法包括：车辆到达后，泊车监控后台管理中心将车辆到达信息发送给管理人员终端，该终端获得车辆到达信息后，对所述到达车辆及车牌进行拍照、并对车牌号码进行识别，将车牌信息及该拍照图片一起上传给所述泊车监控后台管理中心，所述泊车监控后台管理中心存储该车牌信息及拍照图片，获得该车辆的当前停车时间，并对该车辆停在停车场的总时长进行计时、对当前停车场的空位数量进行更新；车辆离开时，泊车监控后台管理中心将车辆离开信息发送给管理人员终端，该终端获得车辆离开信息后，该管理人员终端再次对该车辆进行拍照、并对车牌号码进行识别，将车牌信息及该拍照图片一起上传给所述泊车监控后台管理中心，所述泊车监控后台管理中心存储该车牌信息及拍照图片，获得该车辆的离开时间，对当前停车场的空位数量进行更新，计算出该车辆的停车费用后，将上述信息发送给管理人员终端，管理人员终端获得该车辆的停车总时长，停车费用， 并对该车辆进行停车收费。
优选的，上述对车牌号码识别的过程中也可以通过泊车监控后台管理中心实现：管理人员终端对所述到达车辆及车牌进行拍照、将该拍照图片上传给所述泊车监控后台管理中心后，所述泊车监控后台管理中心存储该拍照图片，并对该车牌图片识别获得车牌号码。
本发明的上述技术方案的有益效果如下：
上述方案中，通过车辆检测器对所述红外检测模块检测到的停车位的车辆有无信号和所述GMI检测模块检测到的停车位的车辆扰动地磁场磁异常信号进行综合处理后生成停车位的车辆信息并发送至所述无线通信单元，再由泊车监控管理中心对接收到所述停车位的车辆信息进行处理，并根据处理结果对停车位信息进行监控管理及计费管理。这样，通过GMI检测模块和红外检测模块确定停车位的车辆信息，抗干扰能力强、灵敏度高、分辨力高、无温漂，能够提高检测的准确性，且GMI检测模块工艺、电路结构简单，成本低。
附图说明
图1为现有技术中的智能泊位停车管理系统的结构图；
图2为本发明实施例1提供的智能泊位停车管理系统的一种结构图；
图3为本发明实施例1提供的车辆检测器结构图；
图4为本发明实施例1提供的红外检测模块结构图；
图5为本发明实施例1提供的红外光波发射原理结构图；
图6为本发明实施例1提供的红外光波接收原理结构图；
图7为本发明实施例1提供的GMI检测模块的结构图；
图8为本发明实施例1提供的GMI检测模块的激励谐振电路单元结构图；
图9为本发明实施例1提供的GMI检测模块的磁异常检出调理电路单元结构图；
图10为本发明实施例1提供的中继器结构图；
图11为本发明实施例1提供的车辆检测器的外壳示意图；
图12为本发明实施例1提供的车辆检测器的主视图；
图13为本发明实施例1提供的车辆检测器的结构示意图；
图14为本发明实施例2提供的智能泊车监控管理系统的又一种结构图；
图15为本发明实施例2提供的无线通信网络的一种拓扑结构图；
图16为本发明实施例2提供的无线通信网络的又一种拓扑结构图；
图17为本发明实施例2提供的无线通信网络工作的方法流程图；
图18为本发明实施例2提供的车辆检测器加入网络的流程图；
图19为本发明实施例2提供的中继选择算法的流程图；
图20为本发明实施例2提供的资源分配方法的流程示意图；
图21为本发明实施例2提供的低功耗检测流程示意图；
图22为本发明实施例2提供的泊车监控管理中心的结构图；
图23为本发明实施例2提供的管理人员终端与泊车监控管理中心的交互流程图；
图24为本发明实施例2提供的管理人员工作流程图；
图25为本发明实施例2提供的用户终端与大数据中心的交互流程图；
图26为本发明实施例3提供的一种基于GMI检测和超声波传感器组成的智能停车泊位管理系统的结构图；
图27为本发明实施例4提供的一种基于GMI检测和电子标签读卡器组成的智能停车泊位管理系统的结构图；
图28为本发明实施例5提供的一种车辆检测器判定停车位状态的方法；
图29为本发明实施例6提供的车辆从侧方停车入位的工作过程示意图；
图30为本发明实施例6提供的一种停车模式下车辆入位检测方法。
图31为本发明实施例7提供的一种获取停车场的空闲车位总数的系统示意图。
图32为本发明实施例8提供的一种基于管理人员终端的车辆空位检测方法流程图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明要解决的技术问题、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图及具体实施例进行详细描述。
实施例1
本发明实施例中，所述无线通信单元包括：中继节点级汇聚节点；参看图2所示，本发明实施例提供的一种智能泊车监控管理系统，包括：车辆检测器、中继节点、汇聚节点和泊车监控管理中心，其中，所述车辆检测器，用于对停车位的车辆信息进行检测，并将检测到的信息通过中继节点发送至汇聚节点；所述中继节点，用于接收所述车辆检测器发送的停车位的车辆信息，并将该信息传输到汇聚节点；所述汇聚节点，用于将所述中继节点接收到的停车位的车辆信息通过因特网、移动互联网或其他无线通信技术传输到泊车监控管理中心；所述泊车监控管理中心，用于接收交换机发送的停车位的车辆信息，对所述停车位的车辆信息进行处理，并根据处理结果对停车位信息进行监控管理及计费管理
参看图本发明实施例中，参看图3所示，所述车辆检测器包括：红外检测模块、巨磁阻抗(Giant magneto impedance，GMI)检测模块、微处理器(MicrocontrollerUnit，MCU)、无线发射模块、无线RFID读卡器模块；所述红外检测模块，用于检测的停车位的车辆有无信号；所述GMI检测模块，用于检测停车位的车辆扰动地磁场磁异常信号，所述MCU微处理器，用于对检测到的所述停车位的车辆有无信号和停车位的车辆扰动地磁场磁异常信号进行模数转换(Analog to Digital，A/D)采集、信号处理分析运算、并经过综合识别后生成停车位的车辆信息，再通过所述无线发射模块将停车位的车辆信息发射出去，所述无线RFID读卡器模块用于读取车辆RFID射频卡所带的车辆信息。
本发明实施例中，参看图4所示，所述红外检测模块包括红外发射电路及红外接收电路；所述红外发射电路用于发射调制的固定频率的红外光波，所述红外光波被车辆遮挡后反射回到所述红外接收电路，所述红外接收电路用于接收反射的固定频率的红外光波，并对所述红外光波进行信号解调出数字信息， 若接收到该固定频率的红外光波，输出数字0，0表示有车信号，若接收不到该固定频率的红外光波，输出数字1，1表示无车信号；所述红外接收电路还同时接收单位时间连续的编码个数，用于测量车辆与地面的高度从而识别车辆的基本类型。
参看图5所示，所述红外发射电路包括：方波发生器、调制编码器、驱动电路。所述红外发射电路具体过程如下：
将调制的30-60Khz方波通过940nm的红外管发射出，为检测车辆提供调制的固定频率红外光波，为防止所述固定频率的红外光波被其他光波干扰，所述固定频率优选为38Khz。
参看图6所示，所述红外接收电路包括：反射信号输入级、初始放大器、带通滤波器、限幅自动增益控制器、比较器、施密特触发器、非门驱动输出。
参看图7所示为GMI检测模块，所述GMI检测模块包括：激励谐振电路单元和磁异常检出调理电路单元。其原理是一种GMI效应的GMI磁传感器，磁传感器通过测量周边地球磁场的变化来发现铁磁物体运动。当铁磁物体在GMI磁传感器附近出现的时候会导致周围的地球磁力线发生弯曲和密度的变化，GMI磁传感器可以感知这种微小的变化，并通过一定的判断准则来确定是否有铁磁物体在附近出现。当无车时，地球磁场在5.5万纳特斯拉(nT)(北京地区北纬38左右时)；当有车时，地磁场被扰动后不再是5.5万nT，此时出现磁异常现象。
参看图8所示，所述激励谐振电路单元包括：激励震荡器、磁共振驱动电路及磁敏GMI探头，其中，所述磁敏GMI探头包括：用作做磁感芯的磁敏亚纳米金属玻璃纤维(也称非晶丝)、磁检出线圈及磁补偿线圈。激励震荡器、磁共振驱动电路给所述磁感芯(非晶丝)施加高频交流电流，流过磁感芯(非晶丝)高频电流在磁场影响下阻抗发生变化，由磁感芯上绕的磁捡出线圈检测出磁场的变化信号，经过磁异常检出电路、检出放大电路后输出。该GMI磁传感器具有灵敏度高、响应快和无磁滞等特点。所述激励震荡器是为磁敏GMI探头激励高频交流电流，其高频交流电流通过磁共振驱动电路使磁敏GMI探头产生磁共振，提高磁场检测灵敏度。
参看图9所示，所述磁异常检出调理电路单元包括：磁补偿电路、温度补偿电路、磁异常检出电路、检出放大电路、管理控制电路。所述磁异常检出调理电路单元用于对测量到的磁场的变化信号进行处理，并根据处理结果检测停车位的车辆扰动地磁场磁异常信号。当磁捡出线圈检测磁场的变化信号后送检出放大电路放大后，一部分通过磁补偿电路给磁补偿线圈作地磁补偿。当所述GMI检测模块受到环境温度影响时，通过温度补偿电路进行自动补偿，管理控制电路是对整个GMI检测模块进行电源管理，使其降低功耗。
本发明实施例中，采用GMI效应的GMI磁传感器与GMR磁传感器相比，具有以下优点：
1、抗干扰能力强、灵敏度高、分辨力高、检测准确
GMR磁传感器分辨力最高能达到在7.5nT(7500PT)，响应速度在1s-15s，灵敏度高；能够对停车位的车辆信息进行精准检测，响应速度快，可以实现纳秒级快速检测，且抗干扰能力强，能够实现微伏级别的检测阈值；GMI磁传感器分辨力最高能达到0.001nT(1PT),响应速度在100ns；优选的GMI磁传感器其分辨力能达到(10PT)。
2、工艺简单
GMI磁传感器采用简单可靠的水纺拉丝制造而成，而GMR磁传感器采用度膜工艺，比较复杂。
3、电路结构简单
GMI磁传感器采用交流电流激励，其灵敏度高不用提升电压来实现，可以低电压供电，如：1.85V，电路结构简单、成本低、功耗低、体积小，便于快速产业化使用；而GMR磁传感器采用直流电流激励，其灵敏度用提升电压实现的，需要±12V以上，在供电电压为5V时必须有提升电压的电路，电路结构复杂。
4、无温漂
GMI磁传感器通过检测交流阻抗的变化来检测变化的磁场，检测多方向，无温漂；而GMR磁传感器通过检测直流电阻的变化来检测变化磁场，磁化方向相同时，电阻在很弱的外加磁场下具有大的变化量，单方向，因此检测电阻 温漂大。
5、施工量小，体积小
GMI磁传感器与环形线圈式车辆检测器相比，施工不影响交通，施工量小，体积小，且GMI磁传感器维修成本低、投资成本低、功耗低。
参看图10所示，所述中继节点包括：数据处理器MCU、无线收发单元1、无线收发单元2、485通讯接口、串口通讯接口、通用分组无线服务技术(General Packet Radio Service，GPRS)通讯接口、TTL输出电路、电源转换模块；所述中继节点，用于接收车辆检测器发出的停车位的车辆信息并转发给目标设备，所述目标设备包括：汇聚节点或设备控制柜等。通过所述中继节点无线收发单元1接收车辆检测器发出的停车位的车辆信息，通过所述数据处理器MCU将所述停车位的车辆信息转换到无线收发单元2、485通讯接口、串口通讯接口、GPRS通讯接口、TTL输出电路并发送至接收机、红路灯控制柜或移动通讯网。
参看图11所示，所述车辆检测器采用壳体结构，能够防水防潮、光学光路，且采用无金属的抗压材料，能够防止所述车辆检测器移动，从而保护所述车辆检测器。
参看图12、13所示，所述车辆检测器的外壳包括：电池、防水胶圈、光焦聚、红外滤镜，通讯天线，其中，所述光焦聚用于提高光的能量，红外滤镜用于防止其他光谱干扰，减少误报。
本发明实施例中，所述车辆检测器还包括：水银开关，所述水银开关，用于通过所述水银开关的放置状态控制所述车辆检测器电源的工作状态。当所述水银开关正向放置时，所述车辆检测器的电源为打开状态；反之，当水银开关倒向放置时，所述车辆检测器的电源为关闭状态。
实施例2
参看图14所示，本发明的实施实例2提供了一种智能泊车监控管理系统，该系统包括：车辆检测器、无线通信单元、泊车监控管理中心及大数据服务中心、管理人员终端和用户终端。其中，所述车辆检测器用于检测停车位的车辆信息，并将检测到所述停车位的车辆信息通过所述无线通信单元发送至所述泊 车监控管理中心；所述泊车监控管理中心，用于对接收到所述停车位的车辆信息进行处理，并根据处理结果对停车位信息进行监控管理及计费管理；所述的大数据服务中心，用于为用户提供GIS地图、导航及第三方支付接口，还用于获取所述泊车监控管理中心中的停车位信息并进行统计与发布；所述管理人员终端，用于停车场的管理人员对于车位信息、车辆信息的查看、录入以及收费；所述用户终端，用于查询停车位置、导航和缴费。
本发明实施例中，所述无线通信单元包括：至少1个汇聚节点和至少1个中继节点，由所述无线通信单元与车辆检测器构成无线通信网络，所述无线通信网络采用网状/星型拓扑结构，参看图15所示，其中，中继节点是不带GPRS/3G/4G功能的汇聚节点。图15中，每个中继节点与至少一个车辆检测器相连，所述中继节点与该中继节点相连的车辆检测器构成一个星型网络，所述车辆检测器将检测到的停车位的车辆信息发送到中继节点，中继节点之间通过不同频道的无线通信模块组成网状网传输所述车辆信息至汇聚节点。汇聚节点将整个无线通信网络中所有车辆检测器检测到的停车位的车辆信息上传至所述泊车监控管理中心，由所述泊车监控管理中心进行存储和处理。各个中继节点和车辆检测器构成的星型网络之间采用不同的频道，可以同时进行通信，由此可以形成千点以上的大规模网络。且中继节点之间采用不同于车辆检测器的第二个无线通信模块，工作在不同的频道，可以避免中继节点间的通信与车辆检测器通信的相互干扰。一个停车场部署1个汇聚节点，多个中继节点和多个车辆检测器。
本发明实施例中，优选的，实施例1中所述中继节点可作为本实施例2的中继节点。
本发明实施例中，所述无线通信单元包括至少一个汇聚节点，由所述无线通信单元与车辆检测器构成无线通信网络，所述无线通信网络采用星型拓扑结构，参看图16所示，其中，每个汇聚节点与至少一个车辆检测器相连，所述汇聚节点与该汇聚节点相连的车辆检测器构成一个星型网络，每个汇聚节点之间采用不同的频道同时工作，每个停车场部署至少一个汇聚节点和至少一个车辆检测器；所述汇聚节点，用于将接收到的与之相连的所有车辆检测器检测到 的停车位的车辆信息上传至所述泊车监控管理中心。每个汇聚节点组成的网络采用不同的频道同时工作。
对于图15和图16所示的两种拓扑结构，均采用多频道通信划分机制。对于大规模网络，如果采用载波侦听多路访问(Carrier Sense Multiple Access，CSMA)，节点之间会有干扰；如果采用TDMA，时延较大。本发明实施例中，将每个中继节点或汇聚节点管理的车辆检测器划分成一个逻辑单元，在此单元内采用时分多址(Time Division Multiple Access，TDMA)通信，网络规模小，时延小；每个中继节点之间采用不同的频道通信，这样处于不同逻辑单元的车辆检测器可以同时向其所属的中继节点或汇聚节点发送数据而不产生干扰，从而扩大了网络规模。
图17是无线通信网络中车辆检测器与图15中的中继节点或者车辆检测器与图16中的汇聚节点的通信系统功能，包括：加入网络、资源分配、低功耗监测。其中，加入网络能够使车辆检测器上电后自动加入无线通信网络，资源分配能够实现车辆检测器通信时隙的划分，低功耗监测能够实现停车位车辆信息息的低功耗监测与网络通信维护功能。
参看图18所示为加入网络的流程图，所述中继节点/汇聚节点工作后，周期性广播信标帧，用于车辆检测器入网和同步，该信标帧的内容包括：网络号，网络时间，本中继节点/汇聚节点已连接车辆检测器数量，接收加入请求帧时隙。车辆检测器上电后，在所有的频道监听信标帧，并纪录所有收到的信标帧的参数：网络号，时间，信号质量，接收信号时间，已连接节点数量等。车辆检测器监听完所有的频道后，通过中继选择算法找出最合适的中继节点/汇聚节点，在该中继节点/汇聚节点的“接收加入请求帧时隙”向该中继节点/汇聚节点发送加入请求。
加入请求数据包中带有车辆检测器的物理地址。由中继节点/汇聚节点决定是否允许该车辆检测器加入，并返回加入响应，如果返回的是允许加入响应，所述车辆检测器获得中继节点/汇聚节点分配的网络地址，完成加入过程。中继节点/汇聚节点需要存储和维护每个车辆检测器的物理地址和网络地址。
参看图19所示，车辆检测器上电后，在初始频道监听信标T时间，然后 切换到下一个频道监听T时间，直到所有的频道监听完成。在T时间内，如果收到信标帧，存储信标帧信息。最后一个频道监听完成之后，在存储的信标帧信息中，查找信号质量最好的信标，然后判断该信标的已接入车辆检测器数量是否达到上限，如果达到上限，重新查找存储信标帧信息中信号质量次好的信标；如果有多个信号质量相同的信标，比较这些信标的已接入车辆检测器数量，选择已接入车辆检测器数量最少的信标，如果存在多个已接入车辆检测器数量最少的信标，随机从中选择。车辆检测器以选中的信标所对应的中继节点/汇聚节点为目的地址发起加入请求。
图17中所示的资源分配方法如下：车辆检测器加入网络后，获得了中继节点/汇聚节点分配给其的网络地址，网络地址的分配按照从1到已连接车辆检测器数量依次进行分配，车辆检测器以其网络地址作为发送数据的TDMA时隙向中继节点/汇聚节点发送数据；中继节点/汇聚节点收到数据后返回ACK确认包。即TDMA资源的分配由车辆检测器自己计算，不需要分配时隙，速度快，减少了资源分配带来的通信和能耗开销。为了保障数据传输的可靠性，在一个传输周期内，除了给每个车辆检测器分配一个时隙外，还预留了n个预留时隙，所述预留时隙，用于给传输失败的车辆检测器在此期间重发数据。参看图20所示，一个带有6个车辆检测器的中继节点，将其1到6号时隙分配给每个车辆检测器，7和8时隙留作重传。1号车辆检测器在1时隙发送数据，如果没有接收到ACK，其将会在7时隙进行CSMA传输。按照每个节点的网络地址选择TDMA时隙进行发送。因为丢包概率较小，因此带有6个车辆检测器的中继节点留2个预留时隙即可，例如，在7和8时隙，车辆检测器采用csma竞争发送，既保证了传输可靠性，又减少了传输时延。
参看图21所示为图17中的低功耗检测流程示意图，所述低功耗检测采用高频检测，低频发送方法。即高频次启动传感器检测停车位的车辆有无信号，如果检测到的信号不变，在该车辆检测器的数据发送时隙不发送数据，降低功耗，如果检测到有变化，发送数据。为了保证网络连接，在长时间车辆有无信号不变的情况下，所述车辆检测器发送存活指示帧向中继节点或汇聚节点表明其工作正常；当检测到信号发送变化时，停止送存活指示帧。
参看图22所示，所述泊车监控管理中心的主要功能包括：停车位信息管理模块和计费模块，其中停车位信息管理模块主要完成车辆检测器数据的汇总，新安装车辆检测器的位置信息和物理地址录入，所述位置信息和物理地址的匹配；车辆检测器电池电压监控，停车照片导入。计费模块主要完成停车、开车时间记录，资费自动计算，欠费名单查询等。
本发明实施例中，所述大数据服务中心与泊车监控管理中心进行连接，所述大数据服务中心的主要功能包括：停车位信息的发布，并为用户提供地理信息系统(Geographic Information System，GIS)地图、导航、第三方支付接口及停车位信息，其中，停车位信息包括：所指定位置附近范围的空车位总数，每个停车位的经纬度，停车位是否被占用。
参看图23所示为管理人员终端与泊车监控管理中心的交互流程，车辆到达，车辆检测器检测到有车信息，将数据上报到泊车监控管理中心，泊车监控管理中心给该车位的管理员发送车辆到达提示。管理人员终端显示占用实际车位编号，并通过该终端进行拍照，上传，泊车监控管理中心存储拍照信息并进行车牌识别，计费；车辆离开，车辆检测器检测到离开信息并上报泊车监控管理中心，泊车监控管理中心计费并将离开车辆的车位编号，资费发送到管理人员终端。
参看图24所示为管理人员工作流程。车辆到达，车辆检测器检测到车辆停车信息并通过无线通信单元发送到泊车监控管理中心，泊车监控管理中心向管理人员的管理人员终端设备发送车位占用信息，管理人员终端通过声音、振动、消息提示框的方式提醒管理人员；管理人员查看占用车位位置并前往车位确认，利用管理人员终端拍摄所停车辆的拍照，管理人员终端上传照片和停车位位置信息到泊车监控管理中心，开始计费。
车辆离开，车辆检测器检测到车辆离开信息并通过无线通信单元发送到泊车监控管理中心，泊车监控管理中心向管理人员的管理人员终端发送车辆离开信息，管理人员终端通过声音、振动、消息提示框等方式提醒管理人员；管理人员确认车辆离开信息并获取停车计费信息，确认用户以现金、移动支付等手段支付停车费，开局票据。
参看图25所示为用户终端与大数据中心的交互流程，用户登录智能泊车监控管理系统应用程序(app)后，调入地图，通过自定位或输入目的地址查找目的地附近停车位信息，选择一个停车位信息后，开始自动导航；app不断实时更新停车位信息，车辆到达停车位，用户按下停车按键；用户离开时，登录app按下离开按键，系统获取停车资费、车牌照信息，确认后通过现金、信用卡或移动支付付费。
实施例3
为增加本系统的可靠性，在车辆检测器中增加超声波传感器，通过GMI检测模块和超声波传感器对停车位的车辆信息共同进行检测。
参看图26所示，本发明实施例提供的一种基于GMI检测和超声波传感器组成的智能停车泊位管理系统，该系统包括：GMI检测模块和超声波传感器组成车辆检测器、中继节点、汇聚节点和泊车监控管理中心，其中，所述车辆检测器，用于对停车位的车辆信息进行检测，并将检测到的信息通过中继节点发送至汇聚节点；所述汇聚节点，用于接收所述中继节点发送的停车位的车辆信息，并将该信息通过因特网、移动互联网或其他无线通信技术传输到泊车监控管理中心；所述泊车监控管理中心，用于接收汇聚节点发送的停车位的车辆信息，对所述停车位的车辆信息进行处理，并根据处理结果对停车位信息进行监控管理及计费管理。
实施例4
为进一步增加本系统的可靠性，在系统中增加电子标签读卡器。
参看图27所示，本发明实施例提供的一种基于GMI检测和电子标签读卡器组成的智能停车泊位管理系统，包括：GMI传感器和电子标签读卡器组成车辆信息读出装置、中继节点、汇聚节点和泊车监控管理中心，其中，所述车辆检测器，用于检测停车位的车辆信息，并将检测到停车位的车辆信息通过中继器传输至接收机，所述电子标签读卡器，用于读取车辆信息并将读取的所述车辆信息传输至中继节点，所述车辆信息包括：车号、车种、车型等；所述汇聚节点，用于接收到停车位的车辆信息和所述电子标签读卡器读取到的车辆信息通过因特网、移动互联网或其他无线通信技术传输到泊车监控管理中心；所 述泊车监控管理中心，用于对接收到信息进行处理，并根据处理结果对停车位信息进行监控管理及计费管理；所述泊车监控管理中心，还用于对所述电子标签读卡器进行读写、充值及通过所述电子标签读卡器对停车进行收费。
本发明实施例适用于装有微波电子标签的车辆，该微波电子标签作为电子身份证，用于移动车辆的识别；所述微波电子标签也称为超高频与微波频段的电子标签，可分为有源标签与无源标签两类，其典型工作频率为：433.92MHz，862(902)～928MHz，2.45GHz，5.8GHz。工作时，微波电子标签位于电子标签读卡器天线辐射场的远区场内，微波电子标签与电子标签读卡器之间的耦合方式为电磁耦合方式。电子标签读卡器天线辐射场为无源标签提供射频能量，将有源标签唤醒。相应的射频识别系统阅读距离一般大于1m，典型情况为4～7m，最大可达10m以上。电子标签读卡器天线一般均为定向天线，只有在电子标签读卡器天线定向波束范围内的微波电子标签可被读/写。
当阅读距离的增加时，本发明实施例中有可能在阅读区域中同时出现多个微波电子标签的情况，从而提出了多微波电子标签同时读取的需求，进而这种需求发展成为一种潮流。目前，先进的射频识别系统均将多微波电子标签识读问题作为系统的一个重要特征。
以目前技术水平来说，无源微波电子标签在902～928MHz工作频段上。2.45GHz和5.8GHz射频识别系统多以半无源微波电子标签产品面世。半无源标签一般采用钮扣电池供电，具有较远的阅读距离。
微波电子标签的典型特点主要集中在是否无源、无线读写距离、是否支持多微波电子标签读写、是否适合高速识别应用，电子标签读卡器的发射功率容限，微波电子标签及电子标签读卡器的价格等方面。对于可无线写的微波电子标签而言，通常情况下，写入距离要小于识读距离，其原因在于写入要求更大的能量。
本发明实施例适用于小区、办公楼、超市、停车场、学校、路口、卡口。
实施例5
参看图28所示为车辆检测器判定停车位状态的方法流程图，为保证检测结果的可靠性，在停车和离开阶段，采用双传感器对停车位状态进行综合判断， 即所述车辆检测器为双传感器结构，包括：GMI检测模块和红外检测模块，所述红外检测模块可以是光电检测器，所述GMI检测模块可以是磁传感器，具体检测方法有以下几种：
如图28(a)所示，车辆检测器首先启动磁传感器，如果磁传感器检测到无效信息时，判定该停车位为空闲状态；如果磁传感器检测到有效信息后，再判断光电检测器是否检测到有效信息，如果光电检测器也检测到有效信息后，判定该停车位被占用；如果光电检测器没有检测到有效信息，则判定该停车位为空闲状态。
如图28(b)所示，车辆检测器首先启动磁传感器，如果磁传感器检测到有效信息时，判定该停车位被占用；如果磁传感器检测到无效信息后，再判断光电检测器是否检测到有效信息，如果光电检测器也检测到无效信息后，判定该停车位为空闲状态；如果光电检测器检测到有效信息，则判定该停车位被占用。
如图28(c)所示，车辆检测器首先启动光电检测器，如果光电检测器检测到有效信息时，判定该停车位被占用；如果光电检测器检测到无效信息后，再判断磁传感器是否检测到有效信息，如果磁传感器也检测到无效信息后，判定该停车位为空闲状态；如果磁传感器检测到有效信息，则判定该停车位被占用。
优选的，为降低车辆检测器功耗，延长电池寿命，在周期性检测阶段，采用预警检测方法，在执行车位检测时，首先启动所述两个传感器中的任意一个传感器进行判断，如果判断有效，直接给出检测结果，如果判断无效，再启动另外一个传感器进行检测。
其中，上述的图28(a)-(c)所示例的检测方法可在不同的停车检测阶段组合使用，其中对于图28(b)和图28(c)，在周期性检测阶段优选图28(c)中所示的方法。
实施例6
在本发明的另一实施例中，为保证车辆停车入位的可靠性和途经车辆的干扰，采用停车连续监测识别方法。
参看图29所示的是车辆从侧方停车入位的工作过程，在此过程中，车辆发生多次前进和倒退，与车辆检测器的距离不断发生变化，所述车辆检测器为双传感器结构，包括：GMI检测模块和红外检测模块，所述红外检测模块可以是光电检测器，所述GMI检测模块可以是磁传感器。本发明实施例采用停车模式车辆入位检测方法对停车占位进行判断，参看图30所示，车辆检测器会记录上一次的环境磁场，当磁传感器检测到磁信号后，启用定时器，进入连续检测模式检测磁信号和光信号，并将检测到的磁信号和光信号进行存储，车辆的前进和后退会产生正向和反向的磁异常信号，通过连续正向和反向磁异常信号识别车辆的连续动作，当达到定时器预定时间后，车辆检测器检测光信号和磁信号，若光电传感器检测到光信号，同时磁异常信号消失，并且磁传感器检测到的磁信号与记录的环境磁场的差异小于预设阈值时，认为停车入位，否则进行报警提示。
优选的，所述的车辆入位检测方法也适用于其它类型磁传感器，通过识别磁信号的强度和光电传感器信号实现车辆前进后退的动作识别，以监测到的磁信号与环境磁场的差异小于预设阈值，并结合光电传感器判断车辆是否停车入位。同理，当进行车辆离开检测时，以光电传感器和连续车辆前进后退动作识别作为判断条件，只要发现车辆有运动，且光电传感器检测为空，则认为车辆离开。
优选的，为保证磁检测不被外界强磁场干扰，车辆检测器中采用双磁模块形成正交结构，分别进行横向和纵向磁异常检测，当车辆传感器收到强磁干扰时，只能干扰到其中的一个磁传感器，另一个磁传感器仍然可以正常工作。从而实现强抗干扰能力。
实施实例7
如图31所示，为便于获取小区停车场、地下停车场的空闲车位总数，本发明实例采用一种在不和停车场系统连接的情况下停车位的检测方法计算停车场内空车数量的系统，包括：1个入口车辆检测器、1个才出口车辆检测器、1个汇聚节点。所述入口车辆检测器通过使用磁异常传感器和红外传感器对进入车辆进行计数；所述出口车辆检测器通过使用磁异常传感器和红外传感器对 离开车辆进行计数；汇聚节点用于与两个车辆检测器通信并将车辆检测器的入口车辆数和出口车辆数运算得到停车场空闲车位，过因特网、移动互联网或其他无线通信技术传输到泊车监控管理中心。
入口车辆检测器和出口车辆检测器用于判断车辆计数时，通过磁异常传感器正向和反向变化模式确定一个车辆经过信息，并结合红外传感器进行辅助判断。在获取某个时间停车场空闲车位数的条件下，通过入口车辆检测器的监测计数和出口车辆检测器的监测计数实现空余车位统计。
基于该系统本发明公开了一种获取停车场的空闲车位总数的方法，包括如下步骤：
进入车辆计数步骤：通过设置在停车场的入口位置的入口车辆检测器，对进入车辆进行计数；离开车辆计数步骤：通过设置在停车场的出口位置的出口车辆检测器，对离开车辆进行计数；停车场空闲车位计数步骤：汇聚节点与上述车辆检测器通信获得进入车辆和离开车辆的计数数值，并结合当前停车场的车位总数、入口车辆数值和离开车辆数值进行运算得到停车场空闲车位的数量。
其中，在所述进入车辆计数步骤中：所述入口车辆检测器，通过使用GMI磁异常传感器和红外传感器对进入车辆进行计数；在所述离开车辆计数步骤中：所述出口车辆检测器，通过使用GMI磁异常传感器和红外传感器对离开车辆进行计数；所述汇聚节点将运算得到停车场空闲车位的数量，通过因特网、移动互联网或其他无线通信技术传输到外部的泊车监控管理中心、用户终端、管理人员终端或大数据服务中心。
实施实例8
为了降低成本，本发明提供了一种基于管理员终端的车辆空位检测方法。
如图32所示的管理人员终端与泊车监控后台管理中心的交互流程，包括：
车辆到达后，泊车监控后台管理中心将车辆到达信息发送给管理人员终端，该终端获得车辆到达信息后，对所述到达车辆进行拍照、并对车牌号码进行识别，将车牌信息及该拍照图片一起上传给所述泊车监控后台管理中心，所述泊车监控后台管理中心存储该车牌信息及拍照图片，获得该车辆的当前停车 时间，并对该车辆停在停车场的总时长进行计时、对当前停车场的空位数量进行更新；
车辆离开时，泊车监控后台管理中心将车辆离开信息发送给管理人员终端，该终端获得车辆离开信息后，该管理人员终端再次对该车辆进行拍照、并对车牌号码进行识别，将车牌信息及该拍照图片一起上传给所述泊车监控后台管理中心，所述泊车监控后台管理中心存储该车牌信息及拍照图片，获得该车辆的离开时间，对当前停车场的空位数量进行更新，计算出该车辆的停车费用后，将上述信息发送给管理人员终端，管理人员终端获得该车辆的停车总时长，停车费用，并对该车辆进行停车收费，可以现金、移动支付等手段支付停车费，开局票据。
此种方式下，不能通过车辆检测器自动识别车辆的到达和离开，必须要管理人员参与停车、离开和缴费过程，但可以通过停车拍照和离开拍照实现空余车位信息的统计，是一种低硬件成本的实施方案。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明所述原理的前提下，还可以作出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (73)

  1. 一种智能泊车监控管理系统，该系统包括：车辆检测器、无线通信单元和泊车监控管理中心，所述车辆检测器包括：红外检测模块和GMI检测模块；其特征在于：
    所述车辆检测器，用于对所述红外检测模块检测到的停车位的车辆有无信号和所述GMI检测模块检测到的停车位的车辆扰动地磁场磁异常信号进行综合处理后生成停车位的车辆信息并发送至所述无线通信单元；
    所述泊车监控管理中心，用于对接收到所述停车位的车辆信息进行处理，并根据处理结果对停车位信息进行监控管理及计费管理。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述无线通信单元包括：中继节点及汇聚节点；
    所述中继节点，用于接收所述车辆检测器发出的停车位的车辆信息，并将接收到的所述停车位的车辆信息进行处理并发送至目标设备，其中，所述目标设备包括：汇聚节点、路灯控制柜；
    所述汇聚节点，用于接收所述中继节点发来的处理后的停车位的车辆信息，并将所述车辆信息通过无线通信技术传输至所述泊车监控管理中心；所述无线通信技术包括WIFI、移动通信网络等。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，该系统还包括：用户终端、管理人员终端及大数据服务中心；
    所述泊车监控管理中心对停车位信息进行监控管理包括：汇总停车场车位占用信息、存储各停车位停车照片并进行车牌识别、监测车辆检测器电压及导入新安装的车辆检测器的位置信息和地理信息，并匹配所述位置信息和地理信息；
    所述泊车监控管理中心对停车位计费管理包括：查询欠费、记录各停车位的本次停车时间、根据本次停车时间及识别的车牌确定本次停车资费并将所述资费发送至所述管理人员终端；
    所述管理人员终端，用于显示停车车辆实际占用的车位编号，用于监控车 辆检测器的服役状态，用于对所述停车车辆进行拍照并上传至所述泊车监控管理中心、通过终端内含的图像压缩及拍照信息图像OCR获取软件将信息与交通指挥控制单位数据共享，还用于根据泊车监控管理中心发来的资费信息对停车车辆的用户进行收费；
    所述大数据服务中心，用于为用户提供GIS地图、导航及第三方支付接口，还用于获取所述泊车监控管理中心中的停车位信息并进行统计与发布，所述停车位信息包括：用户指定位置周边范围的空车位总数，每个停车位的经纬度，停车位是否被占用；
    所述用户终端，用于由用户根据所述大数据服务中心提供的GIS地图、导航及停车位信息，设定目标停车位，并利用导航功能控制车辆到达目的停车位，当用户离开目标停车位时，通过现金、信用卡或第三方支付接口支付本次停车资费。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述无线通信单元包括：至少1个汇聚节点和至少1个中继节点；
    其中，所述无线通信单元与车辆检测器构成无线通信网络，所述无线通信网络采用网状/星型拓扑结构，所述中继节点是不带GPRS/3G/4G功能的汇聚节点；
    每个中继节点与至少一个车辆检测器通过无线相连，所述中继节点与该中继节点相连的车辆检测器构成一个星型网络，所述车辆检测器将检测到的停车位的车辆信息发送到所述至少一个中继节点，多个中继节点之间通过不同频道的无线通信组成网状网络传输所述车辆信息至汇聚节点；每个一个停车场部署1个汇聚节点，至少一个中继节点和至少一个车辆检测器；
    所述汇聚节点，用于将整个无线通信网络中所有车辆检测器检测到的停车位的车辆信息上传至所述泊车监控管理中心。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的系统，其特征在于，所述中继节点包括：一个无线通信模块或两个不同频段的无线通信模块。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述无线通信单元包括至少一个汇聚节点，由所述无线通信单元与车辆检测器构成无线通信网络，所述 无线通信网络采用星型拓扑结构；
    其中，每个汇聚节点与至少一个车辆检测器相连，所述汇聚节点与该汇聚节点相连的车辆检测器构成一个星型网络，每个汇聚节点之间采用不同的频道同时工作，每个停车场部署至少一个汇聚节点和至少一个车辆检测器；
    所述汇聚节点，用于将接收到的连接到该汇聚节点的所有车辆检测器检测到的停车位的车辆信息上传至所述泊车监控管理中心。
  7. 根据权利要求2、4或6所述的系统，其特征在于：
    所述车辆检测器，还用于按照预设的频率检测停车位的停车信号是否发生变化；
    当检测到的停车信号发生变化时，在所述车辆检测器的数据发送时隙发送数据；
    在预设时间内，当检测到的停车信号无变化时，在所述车辆检测器的数据发送时隙不发送数据；
    在超过预设的时间内，检测到的停车信号无变化时，所述车辆检测器发送存活指示帧表明其工作正常，当检测到停车信号发生变化时，停止发送所述存活指示帧。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的系统，其特征在于：
    所述车辆检测器，在监听完所有的频道后，通过中继选择算法找出能接入的且信号质量最好的信标对应的中继节点，并在该中继节点的接收加入请求帧时隙由所述车辆检测器向该中继节点发送加入请求；
    其中，所述加入请求数据包包括：所述车辆检测器的物理地址。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的系统，其特征在于：
    所述车辆检测器，在监听完所有的频道后，通过中继选择算法找出能接入的且信号质量最好的信标对应的汇聚节点，并在该汇聚节点的接收加入请求帧时隙由所述车辆检测器向该汇聚节点发送加入请求；
    其中，所述加入请求数据包包括：所述车辆检测器的物理地址。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的系统，其特征在于，所述中继选择算法包括：
    通过车辆检测器监听所有的频道，每个频道监听信标T时间，在T时间内，如果收到信标帧，则存储所述信标帧信息，直至监听完最后一个频道；
    根据存储的所述信标帧信息，查找信号质量最好的信标，并判断所述信标的已接入车辆检测器数量是否达到上限；
    如果达到上限，重新查找存储信标帧信息中信号质量次好的信标，
    如果有多个信号质量相同的信标，比较信号质量相同的信标已接入车辆检测器数量，选择已接入车辆检测器数量最少的信标；
    如果存在多个已接入车辆检测器数量最少的信标，则随机从中选择信标。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的系统，其特征在于：
    所述车辆检测器在所选择的中继节点的接收加入请求帧时隙向该中继节点发送加入请求之后：
    当中继节点返回加入响应时，所述车辆检测器获得中继节点分配的网络地址，所述网络地址的分配按照从1到所述中继节点已连接车辆检测器数量N依次进行分配，所述中继节点还用于存储和维护每个车辆检测器的物理地址和网络地址；
    车辆检测器以其获得的网络地址作为发送数据的TDMA时隙向所述中继节点发送数据；
    所述中继节点收到所述车辆检测器发送的数据后返回ACK确认包；
    其中，在每个传输周期内，所述中继节点不仅给每个车辆检测器分配一个TDMA时隙，还按照预设的个数预留TDMA时隙，在预留的TDMA时隙，所述车辆检测器按照CSMA方式发送数据。
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的系统，其特征在于，所述车辆检测器在其选择的汇聚节点的接收加入请求帧时隙向该汇聚节点发送加入请求之后：
    当汇聚节点返回加入响应时，所述车辆检测器获得汇聚节点分配的网络地址，所述网络地址的分配按照从1到所述汇聚节点已连接车辆检测器数量依次进行分配，所述汇聚节点还用于存储和维护每个车辆检测器的物理地址和网络地址；
    车辆检测器以其获得的网络地址作为发送数据的TDMA时隙向所述汇聚 节点发送数据；
    所述汇聚节点收到所述车辆检测器发送的数据后返回ACK确认包；
    其中，在每个传输周期内，所述汇聚节点不仅给每个车辆检测器分配一个TDMA时隙，还按照预设的个数预留TDMA时隙，在预留的TDMA时隙，所述车辆检测器按照CSMA方式发送数据。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12中任一权利要求中所述的系统，其特征在于，所述GMI检测模块包括：激励谐振电路单元和磁异常检出调理电路单元，其中，所述激励谐振电路单元包括：激励震荡器、磁共振驱动电路及磁敏GMI探头；
    所述激励震荡器，用于为所述磁敏GMI探头激励高频交流电流；
    所述磁共振驱动电路，用于利用所述高频交流电流使所述磁敏GMI探头产生磁共振；
    所述磁敏GMI探头，用于测量磁场的变化信号；
    所述磁异常检出调理电路单元，用于对测量到的磁场的变化信号进行处理，并根据处理结果检测停车位的车辆扰动地磁场磁异常信号。
  14. 根据权利要求1-12中任一权利要求中所述的系统，其特征在于，所述红外检测模块包括：红外发射电路及红外接收电路；
    所述红外发射电路，用于发射调制的固定频率的红外光波，当所述固定频率的红外光波被车辆遮挡时，所述红外光波反射回到所述红外接收电路；
    所述红外接收电路，用于接收反射的固定频率的红外光波，并对所述红外光波进行信号解调出数字信息，若接收到该固定频率的红外光波，输出数字0，0表示有车信号，若接收不到该固定频率的红外光波，输出数字1，1表示无车信号；还同时用于接收单位时间连续的编码个数、测量车辆与地面的高度、识别车辆的基本类型；
    优选的，该红外检测模块还包括安全抗干扰通讯电路，其用于对红外光波中的非编码杂波进行过滤；
    优选的，所述固定频率为30-60Khz中的任一固定值，所述固定值优选为38Khz、40Khz或42Khz。
  15. 根据权利要求1-12中任一权利要求中所述的系统，其特征在于，所述 车辆检测器还包括：水银开关；
    所述水银开关，用于通过所述水银开关的放置状态控制所述车辆检测器电源的工作状态；当该水银开关正向放置时，所述车辆检测器的电源为打开状态；当该水银开关倒向放置时，所述车辆检测器的电源为关闭状态。
  16. 根据权利要求1-12中任一权利要求中所述的系统，其特征在于，所述车辆检测器采用壳体结构，所述壳体结构包括红外滤镜；
    优选的，该壳体结构采用无磁性的抗压材料或无金属的抗压材料。
  17. 根据权利要求1-12中任一权利要求中所述的系统，其特征在于，所述车辆检测器还包括：超声波传感器，用于检测周边环境信息；
    所述车辆检测器，还用于对所述红外检测模块检测到的停车位的车辆有无信号、所述GMI检测模块检测到的停车位的车辆扰动地磁场磁异常信号及所述超声波传感器检测到周边环境信息进行综合处理后生成停车位的车辆信息并发送至所述无线通信单元。
  18. 根据权利要求1-12中任一权利要求中所述的系统，其特征在于，还包括：电子标签读卡器；
    所述电子标签读卡器，用于读取车辆的基本信息并通过所述无线通信单元将其传输至所述泊车监控管理中心，所述基本信息包括：车号、车种、车型；
    所述泊车监控管理中心，还用于对接收到所述停车位的车辆信息及所述电子标签读卡器读取到的车辆的基本信息进行处理，并根据处理结果对停车位信息进行监控管理及计费管理；且还能对所述电子标签读卡器进行读写、充值及通过所述电子标签读卡器对停车进行收费。
  19. 根据权利要求18中任一权利要求中所述的系统，其特征在于，该系统通过所述电子标签读卡器对装有微波电子标签的车辆实现身份识别，其中，
    所述微波电子标签分为有源标签与无源标签两类，其典型工作频率为：433.92MHz，862(902)～928MHz，2.45GHz，5.8GHz；优选所述无源微波电子标签在902～928MHz工作频段上。
  20. 根据权利要求1-12中任一权利要求中所述的系统，其特征在于，所述车辆检测器采用双磁模块，且所述双磁模块形成正交结构，分别进行横向磁异 常检测和纵向磁异常检测。
  21. 一种车辆检测器，其包括GMI检测模块，用于检测停车位的车辆扰动地磁场磁异常信号；其特征在于：所述GMI检测模块包括：激励谐振电路单元和磁异常检出调理电路单元；
    其中，所述激励谐振电路单元，用于激励高频交流电流产生磁共振并产生用于测量磁场的变化信号；
    所述磁异常检出调理电路单元，用于对测量到的磁场的变化信号进行处理，并根据处理结果检测停车位的车辆扰动地磁场磁异常信号。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的车辆检测器，其特征在于：
    所述激励谐振电路单元包括：激励震荡器、磁共振驱动电路及磁敏GMI探头；其中，
    所述激励震荡器，用于为所述磁敏GMI探头激励高频交流电流；
    所述磁共振驱动电路，用于利用所述高频交流电流使所述磁敏GMI探头产生磁共振；
    所述磁敏GMI探头，用于测量磁场的变化信号。
  23. 根据权利要求21或22所述的车辆检测器，其特征在于，所述车辆检测器还包括：水银开关；
    所述水银开关，用于通过所述水银开关的放置状态控制所述车辆检测器电源的工作状态；当该水银开关正向放置时，所述车辆检测器的电源为打开状态；当该水银开关倒向放置时，所述车辆检测器的电源为关闭状态。
  24. 根据权利要求21-23中任一所述的车辆检测器，其特征在于：
    所述车辆检测器还包括：超声波传感器，用于检测所述超声波传感器的周边环境信息；
    所述车辆检测器，还用于对所述红外检测模块检测到的停车位的车辆有无信号、所述GMI检测模块检测到的停车位的车辆扰动地磁场磁异常信号及所述超声波传感器检测到周边环境信息进行综合处理后生成停车位的车辆信息。
  25. 根据权利要求21-24中任一所述的车辆检测器，其特征在于：
    所述车辆检测器采用壳体结构，该壳体结构包括红外滤镜，该壳体结构采 用无磁性的抗压材料或无金属的抗压材料；
    或者，所述车辆检测器采用双磁模块形成正交结构，分别进行横向磁异常检测和纵向磁异常检测。
  26. 根据权利要求21-25中任一所述的车辆检测器，其特征在于，该车辆检测器还包括红外检测模块，其特征在于：
    所述车辆检测器，用于对所述红外检测模块检测到的停车位的车辆有无信号和所述GMI检测模块检测到的停车位的车辆扰动地磁场磁异常信号进行综合处理后生成停车位的车辆信息。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的车辆检测器，其特征在于，所述红外检测模块包括：红外发射电路及红外接收电路；
    所述红外发射电路，用于发射调制的固定频率的红外光波，当所述固定频率的红外光波被车辆遮挡时，所述红外光波反射回到所述红外接收电路；
    所述红外接收电路，用于接收反射的固定频率的红外光波，并对所述红外光波进行信号解调出数字信息。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的车辆检测器，其特征在于，所述红外接收电路：
    若接收到该固定频率的红外光波，输出数字0，0表示有车信号；
    若接收不到该固定频率的红外光波，输出数字1，1表示无车信号。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的车辆检测器，其特征在于：
    所述红外接收电路：还同时用于接收单位时间连续的编码个数，测量车辆与地面的高度识别车辆的基本类型；或者，
    所述固定频率为30-60Khz中的任一固定值，所述固定值优选为38Khz、40Khz或42Khz。
  30. 根据权利要求21-29中任一所述的车辆检测器，其特征在于，所述车辆检测器设置于所述权利要求1-20中任一所述的智能泊车监控管理系统中。
  31. 一种车辆检测器，包括：红外检测模块和GMI检测模块，其特征在于：
    所述车辆检测器，用于对所述红外检测模块检测到的停车位的车辆有无信号和所述GMI检测模块检测到的停车位的车辆扰动地磁场磁异常信号进行综 合处理后生成停车位的车辆信息；
    所述GMI检测模块包括：激励谐振电路单元和磁异常检出调理电路单元；其中，所述激励谐振电路单元包括：激励震荡器、磁共振驱动电路及磁敏GMI探头；
    所述激励震荡器，用于为所述磁敏GMI探头激励高频交流电流；
    所述磁共振驱动电路，用于利用所述高频交流电流使所述磁敏GMI探头产生磁共振；
    所述磁敏GMI探头，用于测量磁场的变化信号；
    所述磁异常检出调理电路单元，用于对测量到的磁场的变化信号进行处理，并根据处理结果检测停车位的车辆扰动地磁场磁异常信号。
  32. 根据权利要求31所述的车辆检测器，其特征在于，所述红外检测模块包括：红外发射电路及红外接收电路；
    所述红外发射电路，用于发射调制的固定频率的红外光波，当所述固定频率的红外光波被车辆遮挡时，所述红外光波反射回到所述红外接收电路；
    所述红外接收电路，用于接收反射的固定频率的红外光波，并对所述红外光波进行信号解调出数字信息。
  33. 根据权利要求32所述的车辆检测器，其特征在于，所述红外接收电路：
    若接收到该固定频率的红外光波，输出数字0，0表示有车信号；
    若接收不到该固定频率的红外光波，输出数字1，1表示无车信号；
    优选的，
    所述红外接收电路：还同时用于接收单位时间连续的编码个数，测量车辆与地面的高度识别车辆的基本类型；
    或者，
    优选的，所述固定频率为30-60Khz中的任一固定值，所述固定值优选为38Khz、40Khz或42Khz。
  34. 根据权利要求31-33中任一所述的车辆检测器，其特征在于，所述车辆检测器还包括：水银开关；
    所述水银开关，用于通过所述水银开关的放置状态控制所述车辆检测器电源的工作状态；当该水银开关正向放置时，所述车辆检测器的电源为打开状态；当该水银开关倒向放置时，所述车辆检测器的电源为关闭状态。
  35. 根据权利要求31-34中任一所述的车辆检测器，其特征在于，所述车辆检测器还包括：超声波传感器，用于检测所述周边环境信息；
    所述车辆检测器，还用于对所述红外检测模块检测到的停车位的车辆有无信号、所述GMI检测模块检测到的停车位的车辆扰动地磁场磁异常信号及所述超声波传感器检测到周边环境信息进行综合处理后生成停车位的车辆信息并发送至所述无线通信单元。
  36. 根据权利要求31-35中任一所述的车辆检测器，其特征在于：
    所述车辆检测器采用壳体结构，该壳体结构采用无金属的抗压材料，所述壳体结构优选为红外滤镜；
    或者，所述车辆检测器采用双磁模块形成正交结构，分别进行横向磁异常检测和纵向磁异常检测。
  37. 根据权利要求31-36中任一所述的车辆检测器，其特征在于，所述车辆检测器设置于所述权利要求1-20中任一所述的智能泊车监控管理系统中。
  38. 一种用于车辆检测的无线通信单元，包括：中继节点及汇聚节点，其特征在于：
    所述中继节点，用于接收车辆检测器发出的停车位的车辆信息，并将接收到的所述停车位的车辆信息进行处理并发送至目标设备，其中，所述目标设备为汇聚节点；
    所述汇聚节点，用于接收所述中继器发来的处理后的停车位的车辆信息，并将所述车辆信息传输至外部的泊车监控管理中心。
  39. 一种用于车辆检测的无线通信单元，包括：至少1个中继节点和1个汇聚节点；其中，所述无线通信单元与外部的车辆检测器构成无线通信网络，所述无线通信网络采用网状/星型拓扑结构，所述的中继节点是不带GPRS/3G/4G功能的汇聚节点；所述的车辆检测器，用于检测停车位的车辆信息；其特征在于：
    每个中继节点与至少一个车辆检测器相连，所述中继节点与该中继节点相连的车辆检测器构成一个星型网络，所述车辆检测器将检测到的停车位的车辆信息发送到所述至少一个中继节点，多个中继节点之间通过不同频道的无线通信模块组成网状网传输所述车辆信息至汇聚节点；
    所述汇聚节点，用于将整个无线通信网络中所有车辆检测器检测到的停车位的车辆信息上传至所述泊车监控管理中心；
    每个泊车区域或者停车场部署1个汇聚节点，至少1个中继节点和至少1个车辆检测器。
  40. 根据权利要求39所述的无线通信单元，其特征在于：
    所述车辆检测器，在监听完所有的频道后，通过中继选择算法找出能接入的且信号质量最好的信标对应的中继节点，并由所述车辆检测器在该中继节点的接收加入请求帧时隙向该中继节点发送加入请求；
    其中，所述加入请求数据包包括：所述车辆检测器的物理地址。
  41. 根据权利要求40所述的无线通信单元，其特征在于：
    所述车辆检测器在其选择的中继节点的接收加入请求帧时隙向该中继节点发送加入请求之后：
    当中继节点返回加入响应时，所述车辆检测器获得中继节点分配的网络地址，所述网络地址的分配按照从1到所述中继节点已连接车辆检测器数量依次进行分配，所述中继节点还用于存储和维护每个车辆检测器的物理地址和网络地址；
    车辆检测器以其获得的网络地址作为发送数据的TDMA时隙向所述中继节点发送数据；
    所述中继节点收到所述车辆检测器发送的数据后返回ACK确认包；
    其中，在每个传输周期内，所述中继节点不仅给每个车辆检测器分配一个TDMA时隙，还按照预设的个数预留TDMA时隙，在预留的TDMA时隙，所述车辆检测器按照CSMA方式发送数据。
  42. 一种用于车辆检测的无线通信单元，包括：至少1个汇聚节点；其中，所述无线通信单元与外部的车辆检测器构成无线通信网络，所述的车辆检测 器，用于检测停车位的车辆信息；其特征在于：
    每个汇聚节点与至少1个车辆检测器相连，所述汇聚节点与该汇聚节点相连的车辆检测器构成一个星型网络，每个汇聚节点之间采用不同的频道同时工作；
    所述汇聚节点，用于将接收到的连接到该汇聚节点的所有车辆检测器检测到的停车位的车辆信息上传至外部的泊车监控管理中心；
    每个泊车区域或者停车场部署至少1个汇聚节点和至少1个车辆检测器。
  43. 根据权利要求42所述的无线通信单元，其特征在于：
    所述车辆检测器，在监听完所有的频道后，通过中继选择算法找出能接入的且信号质量最好的信标对应的汇聚节点，并由所述车辆检测器在该汇聚节点的接收加入请求帧时隙向该汇聚节点发送加入请求；
    其中，所述加入请求数据包包括：所述车辆检测器的物理地址。
  44. 根据权利要求43所述的无线通信单元，其特征在于，所述车辆检测器在其选择的汇聚节点的接收加入请求帧时隙由向该汇聚节点发送加入请求之后：
    当汇聚节点返回加入响应时，所述车辆检测器获得汇聚节点分配的网络地址，所述网络地址的分配按照从1到所述汇聚节点已连接车辆检测器数量依次进行分配，所述汇聚节点还用于存储和维护每个车辆检测器的物理地址和网络地址；
    车辆检测器以其获得的网络地址作为发送数据的TDMA时隙向所述汇聚节点发送数据；
    所述汇聚节点收到所述车辆检测器发送的数据后返回ACK确认包；
    其中，在每个传输周期内，所述汇聚节点不仅给每个车辆检测器分配一个TDMA时隙，还按照预设的个数预留TDMA时隙，在预留的TDMA时隙，所述车辆检测器按照CSMA方式发送数据。
  45. 根据权利要求40、41、43或44所述的无线通信单元，其特征在于，所述中继选择算法包括：
    通过车辆检测器监听所有的频道，每个频道监听信标T时间，在T时间 内，如果收到信标帧，则存储所述信标帧信息，直至监听完最后一个频道；
    根据存储的所述信标帧信息，查找信号质量最好的信标，并判断所述信标的已接入车辆检测器数量是否达到上限；
    如果达到上限，重新查找存储信标帧信息中信号质量次好的信标，
    如果有多个信号质量相同的信标，比较信号质量相同的信标已接入车辆检测器数量，选择已接入车辆检测器数量最少的信标；
    如果存在多个已接入车辆检测器数量最少的信标，则随机从中选择信标。
  46. 根据权利要求38-45中任一所述的无线通信单元，其特征在于：
    所述车辆检测器，还用于按照预设的频率检测停车位的车辆有无的信号是否发生变化；
    当检测到的停车信号发生变化时，在所述车辆检测器的数据发送时隙发送数据；
    在预设时间内，当检测到的停车信号不变时，在所述车辆检测器的数据发送时隙不发送数据；
    在超过预设的时间时，检测到的停车信号不变时，所述车辆检测器发送存活指示帧表明其工作正常，当检测到停车信号发生变化时，停止发送所述存活指示帧。
  47. 根据权利要求38-46中任一所述的无线通信单元，其特征在于，该无线通信单元设置于所述权利要求1-20中任一所述的智能泊车监控管理系统中。
  48. 一种用于智能泊车监控管理系统中的泊车监控管理中心，其用于对接收到所述停车位的车辆信息进行处理，并根据处理结果对停车位信息进行监控管理及计费管理，其特征在于：
    所述泊车监控管理中心对停车位信息进行监控管理包括：汇总停车场车位占用信息、存储各停车位停车照片并进行车牌识别、检测车辆检测器电压及导入新安装的车辆检测器的位置信息和地理信息，并匹配所述位置信息和地理信息；
    所述泊车监控管理中心对停车位计费管理包括：查询欠费、记录各停车位的本次停车时间、根据本次停车时间及识别的车牌确定本次停车资费并将所述 资费发送至所述管理人员终端。
  49. 根据权利要求48所述的泊车监控管理中心，其特征在于，所述智能泊车监控管理系统还包括：车辆检测器和无线通信单元，其特征在于：
    所述车辆检测器包括：红外检测模块和GMI检测模块；所述车辆检测器，用于对所述红外检测模块检测到的停车位的车辆有无信号和所述GMI检测模块检测到的停车位的车辆扰动地磁场磁异常信号进行综合处理后生成停车位的车辆信息并发送至所述无线通信单元；
    所述无线通信单元用于接收所述车辆检测器发送的车辆信息，并将其通过无线通信技术传输至所述泊车监控管理中心；所述无线通信单元包括：中继节点和汇聚节点；
    所述中继节点，用于接收所述车辆检测器发出的停车位的车辆信息，并将接收到的所述停车位的车辆信息进行处理并发送至目标设备，其中，所述目标设备为汇聚节点；
    所述汇聚节点，用于接收所述中继器发来的处理后的停车位的车辆信息，并将所述车辆信息传输至所述泊车监控管理中心。
  50. 一种用于智能泊车监控管理系统中的用户终端，其用于根据所述大数据服务中心提供的GIS地图显示当前车辆停止的位置信息、导航路线信息、停车时间计时信息、目标停车位是否空位信息，及最终停车位GIS实时位置信息中的至少一个；其中，该用户终端还包括：
    导航模块：用于实现对导航路线的查询或用户位置到当前车辆停止的位置进行的导航功能；
    目标停车位模块：用于实现用户对目标停车位的预订，并将该预订信息发送给该管理系统中的其他用户终端；
    停车时间计时模块：用于实现对于当前停车位的车辆停止时间统计计时；
    空位信息显示模块：用于显示当前泊车场、距离当前位置预定距离内的泊车场、或者目标泊车场的空位信息；
    GIS实时位置信息显示模块：用于实时接收并进行显示所述智能泊车监控管理系统推送的当前用户的最终停车位GIS实时位置信息。
  51. 根据权利要求49所述的用户终端，其特征在于，该用户终端还包括：
    推送信息显示模块：其用于接收外部服务器或终端发送给该用户终端中的信息，所述推送信息包括：基于该用户终端当前位置的LBS信息。
  52. 根据权利要求49或50所述的用户终端，其特征在于，该用户终端还包括：
    信息交互模块：其用于接收来自所述泊车监控管理中心中的其他用户终端发送给该用户终端的信息，并可以接收用户的输入，将输入信息发送给其他用户终端，实现所述泊车监控管理中心中的不同用户终端之间的信息交互。
  53. 根据权利要求49-51中任一所述的用户终端，其特征在于，该智能泊车监控管理系统还包括：泊车监控管理中心、管理人员终端和大数据服务中心；其中，
    所述泊车监控管理中心，用于对接收到所述停车位的车辆信息进行处理，并根据处理结果对停车位信息进行监控管理及计费管理：所述对停车位信息进行监控管理包括：汇总停车场车位占用信息、存储各停车位停车照片并进行车牌识别、检测车辆检测器电压及导入新安装的车辆检测器的位置信息和地理信息，并匹配所述位置信息和地理信息；所述泊车监控管理中心对停车位计费管理包括：查询欠费、记录各停车位的本次停车时间、根据本次停车时间及识别的车牌确定本次停车资费并将所述资费发送至所述管理人员终端；
    所述管理人员终端，用于显示停车车辆实际占用的车位编号，同时对所述停车车辆进行拍照并上传至所述泊车监控管理中心，还用于根据泊车监控管理中心发来的资费信息对停车车辆的用户进行收费；
    所述大数据服务中心，用于为用户提供GIS地图、导航及第三方支付接口，还用于获取所述泊车监控管理中心中的停车位信息并进行统计与发布，所述停车位信息包括：用户指定位置周边范围的空车位总数，每个停车位的经纬度，停车位是否被占用；
    所述用户终端，用于由用户根据所述大数据服务中心提供的GIS地图、导航及停车位信息，设定目标停车位，并利用导航功能控制车辆到达目的停车位，当用户离开目标停车位时，通过现金、信用卡或第三方支付接口支付本次停车 资费。
  54. 一种用于智能泊车监控管理系统中的管理人员终端，该智能泊车监控管理系统还包括：泊车监控管理中心、用户终端及大数据服务中心；其中，
    所述泊车监控管理中心，用于对接收到所述停车位的车辆信息进行处理，并根据处理结果对停车位信息进行监控管理及计费管理：所述对停车位信息进行监控管理包括：汇总停车场车位占用信息、存储各停车位停车照片并进行车牌识别、检测车辆检测器电压及导入新安装的车辆检测器的位置信息和地理信息，并匹配所述位置信息和地理信息；所述泊车监控管理中心对停车位计费管理包括：查询欠费、记录各停车位的本次停车时间、根据本次停车时间及识别的车牌确定本次停车资费并将所述资费发送至所述管理人员终端；
    所述大数据服务中心，用于为用户提供GIS地图、导航及第三方支付接口，还用于获取所述泊车监控管理中心中的停车位信息并进行统计与发布，所述停车位信息包括：用户指定位置周边范围的空车位总数，每个停车位的经纬度，停车位是否被占用；
    所述用户终端，用于由用户根据所述大数据服务中心提供的GIS地图、导航及停车位信息，设定目标停车位，并利用导航功能控制车辆到达目的停车位，当用户离开目标停车位时，通过现金、信用卡或第三方支付接口支付本次停车资费；
    其特征在于：所述管理人员终端，用于显示停车车辆实际占用的车位编号，同时对所述停车车辆进行拍照并上传至所述泊车监控管理中心，还用于根据泊车监控管理中心发来的资费信息对停车车辆的用户进行收费。
  55. 一种用于智能泊车监控管理系统中的大数据服务中心，其特征在于：该智能泊车监控管理系统还包括：泊车监控管理中心、用户终端及管理人员终端；其中，
    所述泊车监控管理中心，用于对接收到所述停车位的车辆信息进行处理，并根据处理结果对停车位信息进行监控管理及计费管理：所述对停车位信息进行监控管理包括：汇总停车场车位占用信息、存储各停车位停车照片并进行车牌识别、检测车辆检测器电压及导入新安装的车辆检测器的位置信息和地理信 息，并匹配所述位置信息和地理信息；所述泊车监控管理中心对停车位计费管理包括：查询欠费、记录各停车位的本次停车时间、根据本次停车时间及识别的车牌确定本次停车资费并将所述资费发送至所述管理人员终端；
    所述管理人员终端，用于显示停车车辆实际占用的车位编号，同时对所述停车车辆进行拍照并上传至所述泊车监控管理中心，还用于根据泊车监控管理中心发来的资费信息对停车车辆的用户进行收费；
    所述用户终端，用于由用户根据所述大数据服务中心提供的GIS地图、导航及停车位信息，设定目标停车位，并利用导航功能控制车辆到达目的停车位，当用户离开目标停车位时，通过现金、信用卡或第三方支付接口支付本次停车资费；
    其特征在于：所述大数据服务中心，用于为用户提供GIS地图、导航及第三方支付接口，还用于获取所述泊车监控管理中心中的停车位信息并进行统计与发布，所述停车位信息包括：用户指定位置周边范围的空车位总数，每个停车位的经纬度，停车位是否被占用。
  56. 一种智能泊车监控管理方法，该方法包括：车辆检测步骤、无线通信步骤和泊车监控管理步骤，其特征在于：
    车辆检测步骤：车辆检测器通过红外检测模块对停车位的车辆有无信号进行检测和/或通过GMI检测模块对停车位的车辆扰动地磁场磁异常信号进行检测，进行综合处理后生成停车位的车辆信息；
    无线通信步骤：通过无线通信单元将上述停车位的车辆信息发送给泊车监控管理中心；
    泊车监控管理步骤：泊车监控管理中心用于对接收到所述停车位的车辆信息进行处理，并根据处理结果对停车位信息进行监控管理及计费管理。
  57. 根据权利要求55所述的智能泊车监控管理方法，其特征在于，所述车辆检测步骤进一步包括：
    按照预设的频率检测停车位的车辆停车信号是否发生变化；
    当检测到的停车信号发生变化时，在所述车辆检测器的数据发送时隙发送数据；
    在预设时间内，当检测到的停车信号不变时，在所述车辆检测器的数据发送时隙不发送数据；
    在超过预设的时间时，检测到的停车信号不变时，所述车辆检测器发送存活指示帧表明其工作正常，当检测到停车信号发生变化时，停止发送所述存活指示帧。
  58. 根据权利要求56所述的智能泊车监控管理方法，其特征在于，
    所述无线通信单元包括：至少1个中继节点和1个汇聚节点；其中，所述无线通信单元与外部的车辆检测器构成无线通信网络，所述无线通信网络采用网状/星型拓扑结构，所述的中继节点是不带GPRS/3G/4G功能的汇聚节点；所述的车辆检测器，用于检测停车位的车辆信息；
    每个中继节点与至少一个车辆检测器相连，所述中继节点与该中继节点相连的车辆检测器构成一个星型网络，所述车辆检测器将检测到的停车位的车辆信息发送到所述至少一个中继节点，多个中继节点之间通过不同频道的无线通信模块组成网状网传输所述车辆信息至汇聚节点；
    所述汇聚节点，用于将整个无线通信网络中所有车辆检测器检测到的停车位的车辆信息上传至所述泊车监控管理中心；
    所述车辆检测步骤进一步包括：监听完所有的频道后，通过中继选择算法找出能接入的且信号质量最好的信标对应的中继节点，并在该中继节点的接收加入请求帧时隙向中继节点发送加入请求；所述加入请求数据包包括：所述车辆检测器的物理地址。
  59. 根据权利要求56所述的方法，其特征在于：
    所述无线通信单元包括至少1个汇聚节点；其中，所述无线通信单元与外部的车辆检测器构成无线通信网络，所述的车辆检测器，用于检测停车位的车辆信息；
    每个汇聚节点与至少1个车辆检测器相连，所述汇聚节点与该汇聚节点相连的车辆检测器构成一个星型网络，每个汇聚节点之间采用不同的频道同时工作；
    所述汇聚节点，用于将接收到的连接到该汇聚节点的所有车辆检测器检测 到的停车位的车辆信息上传至外部的泊车监控管理中心；
    所述车辆检测步骤进一步包括：在监听完所有的频道后，通过中继选择算法找出能接入的且信号质量最好的信标对应的汇聚节点，并在该汇聚节点的接收加入请求帧时隙向汇聚节点发送加入请求；所述加入请求数据包包括：所述车辆检测器的物理地址。
  60. 根据权利要求57或58所述的方法，其特征在于，所述中继选择算法包括：
    监听所有的频道，每个频道监听信标T时间，在T时间内，如果收到信标帧，则存储所述信标帧信息，直至监听完最后一个频道；
    根据存储的所述信标帧信息，查找信号质量最好的信标，并判断所述信标的已接入车辆检测器数量是否达到上限；
    如果达到上限，重新查找存储信标帧信息中信号质量次好的信标，
    如果有多个信号质量相同的信标，比较信号质量相同的信标已接入车辆检测器数量，选择已接入车辆检测器数量最少的信标；
    如果存在多个已接入车辆检测器数量最少的信标，则随机从中选择信标。
  61. 一种用于停车位的车辆入位检测方法，其特征在于，包括：
    车辆检测器实时监测停车位的当前磁信号状态：
    若没有检测到磁信号，则记录上一时刻的环境磁场，当检测到磁信号后，启动定时器，连续检测磁信号和红外光信号用于识别车辆的运动；
    当定时器达到预设时间后，若检测到的红外光信号有效，且检测到的磁信号与已记录的环境磁场的差异小于预设阈值，则判定停车入位，否则，进行报警提示；
    通过所述车辆检测器确定停车位的状态，所述停车位的状态包括：停车位空闲或停车位被占用；
    优选的，所述的磁信号监测方法采用磁场变化斜率监测方法。
  62. 根据权利要求60所述的方法，其特征在于：
    所述连续检测磁信号和红外光信号用于识别车辆的运动包括：通过连续的检测正向磁异常信号、反向磁异常信号及红外光信号用于识别车辆的前进后退 运动；
    和/或,
    通过检测磁信号和红外光信号确定位于停车位的车辆是否有运动,若有运动，且检测到的光信号无效，则判定车辆已离开停车位。
  63. 根据权利要求60或61所述的方法，其特征在于，所述确定停车位的状态包括：
    判断检测到的磁信号是否有效，若磁信号有效，则判定停车位被占用；
    若磁信号无效，则检测光信号并判断检测到的光信号是否有效，若光信号有效，则判定停车位被占用，若红外光信号无效，则判定停车位空闲。
  64. 根据权利要求60或61所述的方法，其特征在于，所述确定停车位的状态包括：
    判断检测到的红外光信号是否有效，若光信号有效，则判定停车位被占用；
    若光信号无效，则检测磁信号并判断检测到的磁信号是否有效，若磁信号有效，则判定停车位被占用，若磁信号无效，则判定停车位空闲。
  65. 根据权利要求60或61所述的方法，其特征在于，所述确定停车位的状态包括：
    判断检测到的磁信号是否有效，若磁信号无效，则判定停车位空闲；
    若磁信号有效，则检测光信号并判定检测到的光信号是否有效，若光信号有效，则判定停车位被占用，若光信号无效，则判定停车位空闲。
  66. 一种获取停车场的空闲车位总数的系统，其无需与停车场的监控系统连接也能准确计算停车场内的空车位数量，包括1个入口车辆检测器、1个出口车辆检测器和1个汇聚节点；其特征在于：
    所述入口车辆检测器，设置在停车场的入口位置，用于对进入车辆进行计数；
    所述出口车辆检测器，设置在停车场的出口位置，用于对离开车辆进行计数；
    所述汇聚节点，与上述车辆检测器通信获得进入车辆和离开车辆的计数数值，并结合当前停车场的车位总数、入口车辆数值和离开车辆数值进行运算得 到停车场空闲车位的数量。
  67. 根据权利要求65所述的系统，其特征在于：
    所述入口车辆检测器，通过使用GMI磁异常传感器和红外传感器对进入车辆进行计数；
    所述出口车辆检测器，通过使用GMI磁异常传感器和红外传感器对离开车辆进行计数；
    所述汇聚节点将运算得到停车场空闲车位的数量，通过因特网、移动互联网或其他无线通信技术传输到外部的泊车监控管理中心、用户终端、管理人员终端或大数据服务中心。
  68. 根据权利要求66所述的系统，其特征在于，该系统进一步包括：
    所述入口车辆检测器和出口车辆检测器用于判断车辆计数时，通过磁异常传感器正向和反向变化模式确定一个车辆经过信息，并结合红外传感器进行辅助判断，在获取某个时间停车场空闲车位数的条件下，通过入口车辆检测器的监测计数和出口车辆检测器的监测计数实现空余车位统计。
  69. 一种获取停车场的空闲车位总数的方法，其通过如权利要求65-67中任一所述的系统实现；该方法包括如下步骤：
    进入车辆计数步骤：通过设置在停车场的入口位置的入口车辆检测器，对进入车辆进行计数；
    离开车辆计数步骤：通过设置在停车场的出口位置的出口车辆检测器，对离开车辆进行计数；
    停车场空闲车位计数步骤：汇聚节点与上述车辆检测器通信获得进入车辆和离开车辆的计数数值，并结合当前停车场的车位总数、入口车辆数值和离开车辆数值进行运算得到停车场空闲车位的数量。
  70. 根据权利要求68所述的方法，其特征在于：
    在所述进入车辆计数步骤中：所述入口车辆检测器，通过使用GMI磁异常传感器和红外传感器对进入车辆进行计数；
    在所述离开车辆计数步骤中：所述出口车辆检测器，通过使用GMI磁异常传感器和红外传感器对离开车辆进行计数；
    所述汇聚节点将运算得到停车场空闲车位的数量，通过因特网、移动互联网或其他无线通信技术传输到外部的泊车监控管理中心、用户终端、管理人员终端或大数据服务中心。
  71. 根据权利要求69所述的方法，其特征在于，该系统进一步包括：
    所述入口车辆检测器和出口车辆检测器用于判断车辆计数时，通过磁异常传感器正向和反向变化模式确定一个车辆经过信息，并结合红外传感器进行辅助判断，在获取某个时间停车场空闲车位数的条件下，通过入口车辆检测器的监测计数和出口车辆检测器的监测计数实现空余车位统计。
  72. 一种基于管理人员终端的车辆空位检测方法，所述管理人员终端与泊车监控后台管理中心进行信息交互，该方法包括：
    车辆到达后，泊车监控后台管理中心将车辆到达信息发送给管理人员终端，该终端获得车辆到达信息后，对所述到达车辆及车牌进行拍照、并对车牌号码进行识别，将车牌信息及该拍照图片一起上传给所述泊车监控后台管理中心，所述泊车监控后台管理中心存储该车牌信息及拍照图片，获得该车辆的当前停车时间，并对该车辆停在停车场的总时长进行计时、对当前停车场的空位数量进行更新；
    车辆离开时，泊车监控后台管理中心将车辆离开信息发送给管理人员终端，该终端获得车辆离开信息后，该管理人员终端再次对该车辆进行拍照、并对车牌号码进行识别，将车牌信息及该拍照图片一起上传给所述泊车监控后台管理中心，所述泊车监控后台管理中心存储该车牌信息及拍照图片，获得该车辆的离开时间，对当前停车场的空位数量进行更新，计算出该车辆的停车费用后，将上述信息发送给管理人员终端，管理人员终端获得该车辆的停车总时长，停车费用，并对该车辆进行停车收费。
  73. 根据权利要求71所述的方法，其特征在于，该系统进一步包括：
    上述对车牌号码识别的过程中也可以通过泊车监控后台管理中心实现：管理人员终端对所述到达车辆及车牌进行拍照、将该拍照图片上传给所述泊车监控后台管理中心后，所述泊车监控后台管理中心存储该拍照图片，并对该车牌图片识别获得车牌号码。
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