WO2017006247A1 - Micro ou nanocápsulas com propriedades fotocatalíticas para libertação controlada de agentes difusores e respetivo método de obtenção - Google Patents
Micro ou nanocápsulas com propriedades fotocatalíticas para libertação controlada de agentes difusores e respetivo método de obtenção Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017006247A1 WO2017006247A1 PCT/IB2016/054027 IB2016054027W WO2017006247A1 WO 2017006247 A1 WO2017006247 A1 WO 2017006247A1 IB 2016054027 W IB2016054027 W IB 2016054027W WO 2017006247 A1 WO2017006247 A1 WO 2017006247A1
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- photocatalytic
- capsules
- mixtures
- capsule
- microcapsules
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/06—Making microcapsules or microballoons by phase separation
- B01J13/12—Making microcapsules or microballoons by phase separation removing solvent from the wall-forming material solution
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/18—Vapour or smoke emitting compositions with delayed or sustained release
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
- A01N25/28—Microcapsules or nanocapsules
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K41/00—Medicinal preparations obtained by treating materials with wave energy or particle radiation ; Therapies using these preparations
- A61K41/0042—Photocleavage of drugs in vivo, e.g. cleavage of photolabile linkers in vivo by UV radiation for releasing the pharmacologically-active agent from the administered agent; photothrombosis or photoocclusion
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K51/00—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
- A61K51/12—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsion, microcapsules, liposomes, characterized by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, dispersions, microcapsules
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/06—Making microcapsules or microballoons by phase separation
- B01J13/14—Polymerisation; cross-linking
- B01J13/16—Interfacial polymerisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/50—Perfumes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/5005—Wall or coating material
- A61K9/5021—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/5031—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyethylene glycol, poly(lactide-co-glycolide)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/50—Perfumes
- C11D3/502—Protected perfumes
- C11D3/505—Protected perfumes encapsulated or adsorbed on a carrier, e.g. zeolite or clay
Definitions
- the present disclosure is in the field of production of functional coatings for the controlled release of volatile agents. More specifically, it consists of capsules, in particular microcapsules or nanocapsules chemically functionalized with photocatalytic nano materials on the inner or outer surface of the capsule wall, which by solar action or artificial light with the same spectrum of electromagnetic radiation releases the diffuser / active agent. which is a vapor, liquid or solid.
- the present disclosure is a technology of heterostructured materials with the ability to diffuse by solar activation certain encapsulated agents in microcapsules or nanocapsules functionalized with photocatalytic nanomaterials.
- Photocatalytic nanomaterials can be nanostructures such as nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanofibers or quantum dots, depending on the intended functionality. Release agents or products may be encapsulated in the polymer microcapsules or nanocapsules in a solid, liquid or vapor phase.
- photocatalytic nanomaterials which are semiconductors with an energy gap between 2.8 and 3.4 eV, will absorb this radiation and promote electronic transitions between the valence band and conduction band, which subsequently give rise to oxidation / reduction (redox) mechanisms.
- redox oxidation / reduction
- These redox mechanisms initiate degradation or rupture of the microcapsule wall by promoting thus diffusion of the encapsulated agent.
- microcapsules There are already several types of microcapsules on the market that release certain agents by direct diffusion through the porous microcapsule wall or by mechanical action: friction, cracking, crushing.
- this technology solves this problem by activating the diffusion of agents by light activation.
- WO2009 / 062516 describes coated panels consisting of several layers of nanoparticles deposited on a surface. It also adds that one of these layers may be photocatalytic nanoparticles or may also have particulate layers having antimicrobial or deodorizing properties. More specifically, it refers to a self-cleaning surface for wood floors or panels consisting essentially of the dispersion of photocatalytic nanoparticles in a binder polymer matrix, for example a resin or varnish, which may be applied, for example, to the floor.
- a binder polymer matrix for example a resin or varnish
- the nanoparticles When the nanoparticles are in contact with moisture, they will turn that water into a hydrophilic film (wetting the surface) which, for example, by electrostatic repulsion, will make the dirt on the surface of this water film easily removed. This technology facilitates cleaning and makes this water film more removable (dry).
- EP1531667 B2 and US6077522 A report porous microcapsules containing a biologically active material that is sensitive to ultraviolet light. These capsules are prepared to contain an ultraviolet radiation shield for biologically active material, selected from titanium dioxide, zinc oxide and mixtures, suspended and completely dispersed in the liquid, and a dispersant that serves to disperse the radiation shield. ultraviolet in the organic liquid, and to maintain it in said liquid but which does not allow it to be diffused extracted, for example into water. This process is not related to the controlled release effect of a substance by direct light action or photocatalytic processes induced by photocatalytic materials that are physically bound to microcapsules containing a volatile agent to be spread. US2009010977 A1 describes the synthesis of permethrin nanocapsules without any nano material or principle. Reports the use of solar energy only to verify the prolonged activity level of nanocapsules that break under friction (mechanical actuation).
- WO2007 / 051198 describes the process of synthesizing microcapsules that slowly diffuse certain agents by using photosensitive polymers in their formation.
- the microcapsule wall structure is functionalized with catalysts that initiate its degradation by a solar sensitization process, without relying on photocatalytic nano materials, as is the case with the present technology.
- the presence of photocatalytic nanomaterials makes release more efficient and better controlled through sun exposure.
- the invention underlying GB1513614 A relates to a microencapsulated adjuvant composition intended to be released into the soil by a diffusion process from within a porous polymeric microcapsule aided by water drainage.
- This is suitable for agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, paints and dyes as an active component contained within a microcapsule wall shell.
- the porosity of the microcapsule wall is designed to provide slow release. This process is not related to photocatalysis, nor to the controlled release effect of a substance by direct light action or photocatalytic processes induced by photocatalytic materials that are physically bound to microcapsules containing an agent to be diffused. Hence they cannot be used, for example, on static exposures with sun exposure.
- JP6228882 A reports on an insect-proof textile structure with slow release of an insecticide.
- the insecticide is either encapsulated in porous microcapsules or adsorbed on the textile mesh, having no effect that can be activated and controlled by light exposure.
- This technology does not utilize the principle of photocatalysis, nor the controlled release effect of a substance by the direct action of light.
- EP0376385 A2 and US7786027 describe processes for the synthesis of microcapsules containing a detergent / softener, but without alluding to a process. photocatalytic or by solar activation. Detergent / softener is diffused through the intrinsic open porosity of the microcapsule.
- JP2004188325 A discloses the use of porous microparticles for ammonia degradation. These are not microcapsules functionalized with photocatalytic nanomaterials to diffuse a particular agent; simply from a porous microparticle that has on the surface a dispersion of photocatalytic particles. Said particle serves solely as a support for such particles when in contact with ammonia to decompose.
- the microparticles are porous and as such do not enable controlled release of any internal agent.
- WO2009048186 A1 discloses titanium dioxide nanoparticles encased in a metal core. This nucleus is not a microcapsule; just a stand. There is no controlled release mechanism from this nucleus. The core promotes a larger surface area to the particle so that it can develop redox processes to decontaminate pollutants.
- WO2004022841 A1 discloses a system in which in one particular case photocatalytic nanoparticles are dispersed in a binder sublayer of a varnish, for example for floor applications.
- photocatalytic nanoparticles are dispersed in a binder sublayer of a varnish, for example for floor applications.
- the objective is to produce a hydrophilic surface that allows a better surface cleaning and to release a deodorizing agent or an antibacterial agent by mechanical action. It does not refer to the release of any substance by solar activation.
- the capsules or simply the agent itself which is housed in previously generated micro cracks, may be diffused after the surface layer is scratched, crushed, crushed, or otherwise mechanically acted upon. the release of the product. After the active ingredient has been exhausted, the material cannot be regenerated.
- WO2011012935 discloses a heterostructured layered coating comprising a substrate; photocatalytic material in the form of solid thin film; nano or polymeric microcapsules with an encapsulated diffuser.
- This technology assumes the existence of a photocatalytic base material previously deposited in the holder, which in contact with the microcapsule wall initiates the redox process to release the diffuser.
- This technology is distinguished from the present since in the present said photocatalytic support or substrate is not necessary since the microcapsule wall is functionalized with the photocatalytic materials in the process of its synthesis. Additionally, the microcapsules are of different origin. Regeneration of the active surface implies that a photocatalytic coating is previously deposited on the surface so that it can then be regenerated, for example by spraying it with an aerosol containing microcapsules with a certain volatile agent.
- the present technology has advantages over others referenced in the literature as it can be applied on untreated static supports simply by fixing on the support, which can be clothing, tent, mosquito net, curtains, awnings, or any other support or structure with direct sun exposure or equivalent ultraviolet radiation by spraying or depositing the microcapsule system functionalized with photocatalytic nano materials and certain encapsulated agents.
- the diffuser In order for the diffuser to be released in a controlled manner, it does not require a mechanical initiation that breaks the microcapsule wall, as such activation will be performed solely by oxidation / reduction mechanisms associated with the intrinsic photocatalysis process of the nanoparticles that are present. functionalized on the outer wall of the microcapsule.
- the present disclosure is characterized by using micro and nano functional materials, enhancers of promoting the controlled release of a diffuser.
- the present disclosure describes nanocapsules and microcapsules preferably comprising diameters between 100 - 1000 nm and 1 - 500 ⁇ , respectively, and that by solar action or artificial light with the same spectrum of electromagnetic radiation a redox reaction is promoted. that results in dissociation or rupture of the capsule wall and subsequent release of the diffuser which may be solid, liquid or vapor.
- This technology takes advantage of the established photocatalytic and semiconductor effect of titanium dioxide to be used as an active surface, promoting the controlled release of a particular diffuser from within the polymeric micro or nanocapsules; be they insecticides, larvicides, repellents, pesticides, phytonutrients, fragrances, additives for paints or varnishes, or deodorants, among others.
- nano titanium dioxide based materials such as nanoparticles with a diameter between 5 and 50 nm, nanofibers with a length range between 10 - 500 nm, nanotubes with diameters between 5 - 100 nm and lengths between 20 nm - 1 ⁇ , or other nano material with photocatalytic characteristics, are chemically functionalized with the wall surface of the micro or nanocapsules, which comprise the diffuser within a useful volume of 10 "to 25 " of 10 ml. preferably 10 15 to 10 5 ml.
- the titanium dioxide nanoparticles, or derivatives thereof may be on the inside or outside of the capsule wall, or both, or on the microstructure of the micro or nanocapsule wall itself.
- nanocapsules are all capsules comprising a diameter between 0.1 - 1 ⁇ .
- Microcapsules are all capsules that have a diameter between 1 - 500 ⁇ .
- Nanomaterial is defined as a nanoparticle, nanotube or nanofiber comprising in its composition unit cell aggregates of one or more photocatalytic compounds smaller than 1 micrometer in size.
- Photocatalytic compounds are energy absorbing semiconductors and give rise to oxidation-reduction reactions responsible for the degradation or disruption of the microcapsule or nanocapsule and subsequent release of an active agent.
- Active agent is a compound placed in the core of the capsule in liquid, solid or gaseous state which is released by degradation or disruption of the microcapsule or nanocapsule.
- Solar radiation illuminating the semiconductor surface of the photocatalytic material will trigger oxidation-reduction mechanisms that will degrade or open the pores of polymeric nanocapsules containing the diffuser and promote their release. controlled and enhancing the desired effect.
- external compounds with chemical affinity may be used for both. Due to the affinity of Ti0 2 with reactive hydroxyl groups (-OH), compounds having this reactive group in their structure can be used, namely polyethers such as polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide. Polyols capable of increasing the density of hydrogen bonds may be used and thus promote the bonding between the microcapsules or nanocapsules and the titanium dioxide nano materials.
- amines such as amines (-N H2)
- This group of compounds is one of the microcapsule wall constituent monomers obtained by interfacial polymerization and when overused during synthesis makes the unused -NH 2 groups for wall formation available to bond to the Ti0 2 structure. , allowing a homogeneous coating of microcapsules with nano materials such as Ti0 2 nanoparticles.
- nanoparticles with photocatalytic compounds are negatively charged due to the accumulation of electrons on their surface. Incorporation during synthesis of cationic compounds in the microcapsule wall allows chemical bonding between nanoparticles and microcapsules due to the electronic attraction between the two compounds.
- cationic (positively charged) compounds which may be used are the quaternary ammonium salts such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide, cetrimonium chloride, cetrimonium bromide and benzalkonium chloride.
- This technology is characterized in that it can be applied to untreated static supports simply by fixing to the support by spraying, or deposition with or without intermediation of cationic or anionic surfactants, depending on the electrostatic attraction between the surfaces of the system.
- microcapsules functionalized with photocatalytic nano materials and certain encapsulated agents.
- acrylic compounds such as acrylic acid, ethyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate and hydroxyethyl methacrylate may be used.
- Synthetic latexes may also be used as styrene butadiene, as well as cellulose derivatives.
- Polyvinyl acetate is also one of the most commonly used polymers for binding to wood supports.
- the use of surfactants is mostly with quarternary cationic ammonium salts such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide, cetrimonium chloride, cetrimonium bromide and benzalkonium chloride.
- the support may consist of clothing, tent, mosquito net, curtains, awnings, glazed surfaces, varnished or painted surfaces, or metal, ceramic or polymeric panels, wood, or any other directly exposed structure or support. solar or equivalent ultraviolet radiation.
- the diffuser does not require a mechanical initiation that breaks the microcapsule or nanocapsule wall, since this activation will be performed solely by oxidation-reduction mechanisms associated with the intrinsic photocatalysis process of the nanomaterials that are functionalized. outer wall of the micro or nanocapsule.
- the synthesis of photocatalytic nanomaterials is accomplished by an autoclaved hydrothermal chemical process from a given precursor.
- the microcapsules or nanocapsules are further synthesized by an interfacial polymerization process or phase inversion technique, where photocatalytic nanomaterials and the active agent are added.
- the present disclosure relates to capsules for transporting an active agent with photocatalytic properties, with an outer diameter between 0.05-500 ⁇ , preferably 1- 500 ⁇ , wherein the capsule is formed by a wall and a housing core.
- the diffuser wherein the capsule wall is comprised of a polymeric film selected from the list consisting of parylene, poly (p-xylene), poly (lactic acid), poly (E-caprolactone), polyoxyethylene derivatives, phthalocyanine melamine-formaldehyde, polyurethane, polysulfone, cellulose acetate, acrylic polymers, collagen, chitosan, and mixtures thereof;
- the polymeric film comprises nano materials, such as nanoparticles, nanotubes or nanofibers, chemically functionalized with a photocatalytic compound selected from a list: Ti0 2 , W0 3 , WS 2 , Nb 2 0 5 , MoO, MoS 2 , V 2 0 5 , MgF 2 , Cu 20 , Na Bi0 3 , NaTa0 3 , SiO 2 , u0 2 , BiV0 4 , Bi 2 W0 6 , Bii 2 TiO 20 , NiO-K 4 NB 6 Hi 7 , SrTi 3 , Sr 2 Nb0 7 , Mr 2 Ta0 7 , BaTi0 3, BaTaTi 2 0 5, ZnO, Zr0 2, Sn0 2, ZnS, CaBi204, Fe 2 0 3, AI 2 0 3, Bi 2 0 6 Bi 2 S 3, CdS, CdSe, and mixtures thereof;
- a photocatalytic compound selected from a list: Ti0
- the active agent / diffuser is in the core in liquid, solid or gaseous state. Due to their high mechanical strength these capsules are specially adapted for the transport of active agent / diffuser in solid or liquid state.
- the distribution of photocatalytic nanomaterials on the surface of the capsule is 0.1 - 5% w / v total capsule (includes core).
- the capsule wall is comprised between 55-80% w / v of a polymeric film and 20-45% w / v wall of photocatalytic nanomaterials.
- the photocatalytic nanomaterials are dispersed - chemically functionalized - on the outer surface of the capsule wall, or on the inner surface of the capsule wall or attached to the capsule wall.
- the polymeric film may be selected from the list consisting of: polysulfone, polymethyl methacrylate, polyurethane, or mixtures thereof.
- the capsules comprise a polymeric film of polymethyl methacrylate and dispersed nano materials comprising a photocatalytic material selected from a list: Ti0 2 , W0 3 , SrTi0 3 , ZnO, or mixtures thereof.
- the capsules comprise a polymeric polyurethane film and dispersed nanomaterials comprising a photocatalytic material selected from a list: Ti0 2 , W0 3 , SrTi0 3 , ZnO, or mixtures thereof.
- the capsules comprise a polymeric film of polysulfone and dispersed nanomaterials comprising a photocatalytic material selected from a list: Ti0 2 , W0 3 , SrTi0 3 , ZnO, or mixtures thereof.
- the diameter of the capsule ranges from 0.1 - 500 ⁇ .
- nanoparticle-shaped nanomaterials have a diameter between 5 and 50 nm; nanofiber-shaped nanomaterials have a range of lengths between 10 - 500 nm; nanotube-shaped nanomaterials have diameters between 5 - 100 nm and lengths between 20 nm - 1 ⁇ .
- the wall thickness of the capsule ranges from 0.05 - 25 ⁇ ; in particular 0.2-10 ⁇ .
- the capsule wall is formed a plurality of layers.
- the volume of the active agent ranges from 10 "25 - 10 " 5 ml, in particular 10 15 - 10 10 ml.
- the active agent may be an insect repellent, an insecticide, a therapeutic agent, a radiotherapy agent, a deodorizing agent, a natural essence, a fragrance, a moisturizing agent, a component of a lacquer or ink, an agrochemical.
- the capsules may further comprise at least one surfactant, emulsifier, binder, or mixtures thereof.
- the surfactant is selected from the following list: tetramethylammonium hydroxide, cetrimonium chloride, cetrimonium bromide and benzalkonium chloride.
- the active agent may be hydrophobic.
- the capsules may be obtainable by interfacial polymerization.
- the present disclosure also relates to articles comprising at least one capsule described above, in particular such articles may be textiles, fibers, glass, wood, metal, tents, mosquito nets, resins, paints, detergent curtains, softeners, colloidal creams, foams or suspensions.
- the present disclosure also relates to a process for obtaining the capsules described above and which may comprise the following steps:
- aqueous solution comprising an emulsifier, colloidal agent or mixtures thereof, in a particular case where the emulsifier is gum arabic (15-20% w / v), Tween 20 (1-3% v / v) or mixtures thereof and wherein the colloidal agent is polyvinyl acid (1-3% w / v);
- hydrophilic monomer selected from the following list: ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, hexamethylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine, 1,4 butanediol, 1,6 hexanediol, ethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol in a concentration range between 0.2 and 1 mol / dm 3 ;
- stirring the emulsion preferably at 400 - 800 rpm for 10 - 60 min, preferably 40 min;
- aqueous solutions comprising 10 - 20% v / v of amines, polyols, polyethers or mixtures thereof;
- a nano material such as a nanoparticle, nanotube or nanofiber comprising a photocatalytic material wherein the nano material is selected from the following list: Ti0 2 , W0 3 , WS 2 , Nb 2 0 5 , MoO, MoS 2, V 2 0 5, MgF 2, Cu 2 0, NaBi0 3 NaTa0 3 SI0 2, U0 2, BiV0 4, Bi 2 W0 6, Bii 2 TiO 20, NiO-K 4 NB 6 Hi 7 , SrTi0 3 , Sr 2 Nb0 7 , Sr 2 Ta0 7 , BaTi0 3 , BaTaTi 2 O s , ZnO, Zr0 2 , Sn0 2 , ZnS, CaBi 2 0 4 , Fe 2 0 3 , Al 2 0 3 , Bi 2 0 6 , Bi 2 S 3 , CdS, CdSe, or mixtures thereof.
- the hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomer concentration ratio is 3: 1, 4: 1 or 5: 1.
- the percentage used of gum arabic is 15-20% w / v. In one embodiment, the percentage used of Tween 20 is 1-2% v / v.
- the percentage used of polyvinyl acid is 1 - 3% w / v.
- capsules comprising a hydrophilic active agent encapsulated therein.
- the capsules are obtained by phase inversion technique.
- the process of obtaining the capsules described above comprises the following steps:
- an organic solution comprising 10-20% w / v of a polymer selected from the following list: polysulfone, cellulose acetate, polymethylacrylate and polyacrylonitrile,
- an organic solution comprising 80 - 90% v / v of a volatile solvent selected from the following list: dichloromethane, ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylformamide, acetone and chloroform,
- aqueous solutions comprising 10 - 20% v / v of amines, polyols, polyethers or mixtures thereof;
- nano material such as a nanoparticle, nanotube or nanofiber comprising a photocatalytic material wherein the nano material is selected from the following list: Ti02, W0 3 , WS 2 , Nb 2 0 5 , MoO, MoS 2, V 2 0 5, MgF 2, Cu 2 0, NaBi0 3 NaTa0 3 SI0 2, U0 2, BiV0 4, Bi 2 W0 6, Bii 2 TiO 20, NiO-K 4 NB 6 Hi 7, SrTi0 3 , Sr 2 Nb0 7 , Sr 2 Ta0 7 , BaTi0 3 , BaTaTi 2 O s , ZnO, Zr0 2 , Sn0 2 , ZnS, CaBi 2 0 4 , Fe 2 0 3 , Al 2 0 3 , Bi 2 0 6 , Bi 2 S 3 , CdS, CdSe, or mixtures thereof.
- a process according to the preceding claim wherein the step of dispersing the nano or microcapsules is by dispersing it in an aqueous solution comprising one or more surfactants.
- the step of adding the photocatalytic nanomaterial is made with a basic pH, in particular between 9-11.
- the polyol is selected from the following list: 1,4 butanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,6 butanediol, or mixtures thereof.
- polyether embodiment is selected from the following list: polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, or mixtures thereof.
- the process begins by polymerization or precipitation reactions leading to the formation of microcapsules or nanocapsules, which may be based on polyurethane, among other polymers such as parylene, poly (p-xylylene), poly (lactic acid), poly (E-caprolactone), polyoxyethylene derivatives, phthalocyanine, polysulfone, polystyrene, cellulose acetate, acrylic polymers, collagen or chitosan, which encapsulate the diffuser to be released, which may be in liquid, solid or gaseous state.
- polyurethane among other polymers such as parylene, poly (p-xylylene), poly (lactic acid), poly (E-caprolactone), polyoxyethylene derivatives, phthalocyanine, polysulfone, polystyrene, cellulose acetate, acrylic polymers, collagen or chitosan, which encapsulate the diffuser to be released, which may be in liquid, solid or gaseous state.
- the photocatalytic nanomaterials ie Ti0 2 -based nanotubes, nanotubes or nanofibers, or other type of nano-materials with demonstrated photocatalytic activity, such as W0 3 , WS 2 , Nb 2 05, MoO , MoS 2 , V 2 O 5 , MgF 2 , Cu 2 O, Na Bi0 3 , NaTa0 3 , SiO 2 , u0 2 , BiV0 4 , Bi 2 W0 6 , Bii 2 TiO 20 , NiO-K 4 NB 6 Oi 7 , SrTi0 3 , Sr 2 Nb0 7 , Sr 2 Ta0 7 , BaTi0 3 , BaTaTi 2 O s , ZnO, Zr0 2 , Sn0 2 , ZnS, CaBi 2 0 4 , Fe 2 0 3 , Al 2 0 3 , Bi 2 0 6 , Bi 2 S 3 , CdS, or Cd
- microcapsules or nanocapsules are obtained which, through solar activation, the oxidation-reduction mechanisms (redox) initiated by photocatalytic nanomaterials lead to degradation or rupture of the microcapsule or nanocapsule wall, promoting the diffusion of the agent. specific that was encapsulated.
- redox oxidation-reduction mechanisms
- the interfacial polymerization technique is used, based on the interfacial reaction between different solubilized monomers in different phases.
- the first step in the microencapsulation process is emulsification, wherein one of the diffuser-containing monomers is solubilized in an aqueous dispersed phase.
- emulsification emulsification
- one of the diffuser-containing monomers is solubilized in an aqueous dispersed phase.
- the organic solution containing 0.1 to 5 ml diffuser and 0.25 to 8 ml organic monomer is vortexed for 1 to 2 min.
- Various organic monomers are used to promote microcapsule or nanocapsule wall formation, depending on the type of polymer that is desired.
- the monomers 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 2,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate are used.
- the next step in the process is the formation of an oil-in-water (O / W) emulsion for the use of oils as diffusers. Under mechanical stirring (400-1200 rpm), the organic solution is dispersed in the aqueous phase containing an emulsifier (15-20% arabic gum and tween 20 1-2%) or a colloidal agent (1-3% polyvinyl alcohol). To ensure its stability the emulsion is stirred for a period of time from 3 to 8 min. The size of the final microcapsules or nanocapsules is directly linked to the size of the emulsion droplets resulting from the breakdown of the oil phase due to surface tension and intermolecular collisions caused by mechanical agitation.
- an aqueous solution containing the hydrophilic monomer in a concentration range between 0.2 and 1 mol / dm 3, is added .
- the hydrophilic monomers used are polyols such as 1,4 butanediol, 1,6 hexanediol, ethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol.
- the addition of these monomers to the emulsion triggers polymerization reactions between the organic monomer and the hydrophilic monomer, resulting in a polymeric coating at the interface of the already emulsified oil droplets, resulting in the microcapsule or nanocapsule wall.
- the suspension of formed microcapsules or nanocapsules is kept stirring for a maximum of 40 minutes for maturation and stabilization of the polymeric coating around the microcapsule.
- the stirring speed during the process ranges from 400 to 800 rpm.
- the final microcapsules or nanocapsules are further subjected to a washing process with cyclohexane or water to remove excess solvents.
- chemical affinity monomers are used for this type of material, namely amines.
- hydrophilic monomer Using an excess concentration of hydrophilic monomer relative to hydrophobic monomer, OH reactive groups will be available chemically for the polymerization reaction with the organic monomer and also to chemically bind to titanium dioxide. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomer concentration ratios of 3: 1, 4: 1 or 5: 1 are used for this procedure.
- the pH of the microcapsule suspension For the chemical adsorption of Ti0 2 nanoparticles to be efficient, the pH of the microcapsule suspension must be basic, between 9-11.
- the microencapsulation of hydrophilic active compounds is made using the phase inversion technique. Precipitation of the microcapsules or microspheres may be induced by an immersion process or by evaporation of the solvent.
- the first step is the preparation of a water-in-oil (W / O) primary emulsion.
- An aqueous solution containing the active agent is added to a polymer solution and emulsified with mechanical stirring for a period of time from 2 to 8 hours, forming the A / O emulsion ( Figure 2).
- the polymer solution Prior to the emulsification step, the polymer solution is prepared by dissolving the polymer in a suitable solvent under magnetic stirring for 2-3 h.
- Different polymers may be used such as polysulfone, cellulose acetate, polymethylacrylate and polyacrylonitrile.
- concentration of polymer in solution should be 10 to 20% (w / v).
- the solvent used should be able to solubilize the polymer, have low water solubility, high volatility and low toxicity. Among the most common solvents may be highlighted dichloromethane, ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylformamide, acetone and chloroform. Precipitation of the microcapsules may occur by immersion of the primary emulsion in a bath containing a non-solvent represented in the scheme of Figure 2 by b1 or by the solvent evaporation technique represented by b2.
- the final microcapsules are obtained by dispersing the primary A / O emulsion in the form of a microtropules in a water bath.
- the polymeric coating of the active agent occurs through a rapid gelatinization process (5-10 s) based on diffusion processes between solvent and non-solvent leading to polymer separation and precipitation around the active agent.
- microcapsule formation can be induced by evaporation of the solvent from the polymer solution ( Figure 2 b2).
- the first stage of microencapsulation is the homogeneous dispersion of the active agent in the polymer solution and the volatile solvent, generating a water-in-oil (W / O) emulsion.
- This emulsion is then added to an aqueous solution containing one or more emulsifiers to form a water-in-water (W / O / W) double emulsion.
- W / O / W water-in-water
- Tween 20 1-2%) or polyvinyl acid (1-3%).
- the generated W / O / A double emulsion is mechanically vigorously agitated until evaporation of the volatile solvent is complete, leading to polymer precipitation and capsule formation.
- This technique can be used for the microencapsulation of solid active compounds, having as main difference the stirring time of the solution containing the polymer, the solvent and the active agent.
- the mixture should be stirred between 12 and 24 h to ensure that the polymeric coating of the solid is homogeneous.
- the microcapsules may be collected by centrifugation or filtration and dried at room temperature.
- the photocatalytic titanium dioxide nano-materials are coated.
- Ti0 2 nanoparticles they are dispersed in aqueous solution of pH greater than 9, using ultrasound for 30 min.
- the photocatalytic nanoparticles are added to the microcapsule suspension under mechanical agitation using a propeller-type shaft at a speed of 400 rpm. The mixture remains stirring for 30 min and is then collected.
- the resulting microcapsules containing titanium dioxide nanoparticles adsorbed on their surface are either dispersed in water or filtered and oven dried at 40 ° C.
- the process of coating the micro or nanocapsules with titanium dioxide nanomaterials such as nanoparticles can also be obtained by using external compounds having affinity for nanoparticles, namely compounds with -OH reactive groups.
- external compounds having affinity for nanoparticles namely compounds with -OH reactive groups.
- examples of such compounds are polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide.
- Chain extenders such as 1,4-butanediol, ethylene glycol or 1,6-hexanediol may also be used to increase the density of hydrogen bonds in the wall of the micro or nano capsules.
- titanium dioxide nanomaterials are solubilized in the presented solvents and incorporated into the micro or nanocapsules after their production and washing.
- Figure 1 Representative scheme of the production of the system for controlled release of hydrophobic diffusers by solar activation in samples of chemically functionalized polyurethane film microcapsules with photocatalytic nanomaterials, in which:
- hydrophobic monomer e.g. 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- 2- Aqueous Phase aqueous solution with emulsifier (e.g. PVA, Tween 20)
- emulsifier e.g. PVA, Tween 20
- hydrophilic monomer e.g. 1,4-butanediol
- Figure 2 Schematic representation of the production of the system for controlled release of hydrophilic diffusers by solar activation in samples of chemically functionalized polymethyl methacrylate or polysulfone microcapsules with photocatalytic nanomaterials, in which:
- Aqueous Phase aqueous solution of hydrophilic active agent
- polymeric solution eg Polymethyl methacrylate or polysulfone
- Figure 3 Illustrative graphic of the evaluation of the controlled release by mass spectrometry gas chromatography of pine fragrance-loaded microcapsule samples (for example) with and without chemically functionalized Ti0 2 nanoparticles on the outer wall of the microcapsule. It is found that when microcapsules are functionalized with photocatalytic nanoparticles the release of pine essence (bornyl acetate / isoborneol acetate) molecules that adsorb on PDMS fiber is much higher.
- pine essence bornyl acetate / isoborneol acetate
- Figure 4 Example micrograph of photocatalytic microcapsules of the present disclosure loaded with a diffuser.
- Ti0 2 -based nanoparticles An example of photocatalytic nanomaterials are Ti0 2 -based nanoparticles. These materials are synthesized using an autoclaved hydrothermal sol-gel process. A colloidal solution is prepared with water and 2-propanol (10: 1). As an example, it is mixed at room temperature and vortexed in a homogenizer of 125 ⁇ 2-propanol and 1125 ⁇ water at pH 2.40 (adjusted with 0.1 M HCl solution).
- Ti0 2 -based nanoparticles may be prepared with triethylamine to be nitrogen doped for the purpose of increasing the energy gap and absorbing efficiency of sunlight.
- titanium isopropoxide source precursor of titanium atoms
- source precursor of titanium atoms 3000 ⁇ of triethylamine is added to the resulting white suspension.
- the amine is responsible for doping T1O2 with nitrogen.
- the reaction must be left under magnetic stirring for 2 days. After this time 10 ml of water and 10 ml of 2-propanol are added to the suspension and the mixture is autoclaved at 200 ° C for 2h. After cooling to room temperature, the particles are washed.
- an organic solvent (2-propanol) is used which allows the particles to precipitate after centrifugation.
- the washing process is repeated several times to ensure that all unreacted solvents are removed.
- the collected particles are oven dried at 80 ° C for 8 h.
- the particles are placed in an oven to heat treat at 635 ° C and ensure the formation of crystalline allotropic phases of the material, in this case anatase. preferably and rutile, which are shown to have catalytic photoactivity.
- the material is characterized by: evaluating the photocatalytic activity in a photoreactor, in the presence of a simulating pollutant; performing X-ray diffraction to determine the crystalline phases that have developed (anatase, rutile); performing dynamic light scattering to evaluate the size and size distribution of nanoparticles; evaluation of particle morphology by scanning electron microscopy.
- polymeric microcapsules obtained by interfacial polymerization are polyurethane coated microcapsules.
- the organic solution is prepared by mixing 5 ml of active diffuser and 5 ml of organic monomer (4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate) in an organic solvent (dichloromethane) by vortexing with a homogenizer, in particular for 2 min
- the previously prepared organic solution is added dropwise to a 2% aqueous solution of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) under mechanical stirring with a cowles rod at a speed of 1000 rpm.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- This polymer is used as an emulsifying agent which allows the dispersion of oil droplets from the organic solution in the aqueous phase.
- the emulsion formed is allowed to stir for 3 min.
- the stirring speed is reduced to 600 rpm and an aqueous 1,4-butanediol solution is added, in particular with a concentration of 0.32 mol / dm 3 and at a speed of 0.6 ml / min.
- the addition of the hydrophilic monomer triggers the polymerization reactions between the organic monomer and the hydrophilic monomer, resulting in a polyurethane polymeric film at the interface of the already emulsified oil droplets, giving rise to the microcapsule wall.
- the solution is allowed to stir for a further 30 min to ensure that the polymerization process is completed in its entirety. This process is described in Figure 1.
- the capsules In order to remove excess solvent, the capsules should be washed with water and cyclohexane. The process is performed by vacuum filtration using a 2 ⁇ porosity polycarbonate membrane. The microcapsules are collected and dispersed again in water.
- polysulfone microcapsules containing solid diffusers with hydrophilic properties are polysulfone microcapsules containing solid diffusers with hydrophilic properties.
- the polymer solution constituting the wall of the final capsules is prepared by dissolving 1.5 g of polysulfone in 10 ml of N, N-dimethylformamide under magnetic stirring for 2h. After complete dissolution 0.5 g of solid diffuser is added to the polymer solution. The suspension is allowed to stir magnetically for a period of no less than 12 hours to ensure that the polymeric coating of the solid is homogeneous.
- the polymeric suspension containing the diffuser is dispersed in the form of microtropules in a water bath (200 ml) at room temperature.
- the precipitation process is immediate and the formed microcapsules are collected by centrifugation or filtration and dried at room temperature. In order to remove excess solvent, the capsules should be washed with water.
- the process is performed by vacuum filtration using a 2 ⁇ porosity polycarbonate membrane.
- the size, distribution, morphology of microcapsules are directly linked to parameters such as amount of active agent, emulsifier concentration, polymer concentration, stirring speed, temperature and pressure.
- Ti0 2 nanoparticles they are dispersed in aqueous solution of pH greater than 9, using ultrasound for 30 min. After this time, the photocatalytic nanoparticles are added to a microcapsule suspension under mechanical agitation using a propeller-type shaft at a speed of 400 rpm. The mixture remains stirring for 30 min and is then collected. The resulting microcapsules containing chemically functionalized surface titanium dioxide nanoparticles are either dispersed in water or filtered and oven dried at 40 ° C.
- thermogravimetry TGA
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FTI
- FTIR analysis the pure diffuser, polymeric wall and microcapsules previously dried at 40 ° C for 6 h are evaluated.
- KBr spectroscopic grade powder is mixed together with pure diffuser, dry polymer wall or dry microcapsules (1%).
- the resulting powder is placed in a 1 cm diameter mold and taken to a hydraulic press to form the translucent tablet used for the analysis.
- the microcapsules are crushed and washed several times with water and ethanol.
- the chemical structure of the diffuser, polymeric wall and resulting microcapsules is characterized by FTIR in a range of wavelengths ranging from 400 cm -1 to 4000 cm -1 .
- the spectrum obtained to determine the characteristic chemical bonds of the agent is evaluated.
- the presence of the characteristic absorption bands of the diffuser in the spectra obtained for the microcapsules leads to the conclusion that the diffuser is successfully encapsulated within the microcapsules.
- the percentage of encapsulated diffuser within the resulting microcapsules is determined by the mass loss value associated with the boiling temperature or degradation of the diffuser; The mass loss related to the degradation of the microcapsule polymeric wall occurs at temperatures above 300 ° C.
- thermogravimetric analyzes 10-20 mg of the previously dried microcapsules are placed at 40 ° C for 6h in a Teflon or platinum crucible. The sample is heated at a temperature ramp between 60 and 600 ° C under argon atmosphere and at a heating rate of 10 ° C / min.
- the percentage of encapsulated diffuser within the resulting microcapsules is determined by the mass loss value associated with the boiling temperature or degradation of the diffuser; in the case of dodecane (eg diffuser) at 190 - 220 ° C.
- the mass loss related to the degradation of the microcapsule polymeric wall occurs at temperatures above 300 ° C.
- the gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry technique is used. Analyzes are performed on a chromatograph equipped with a column and an ion trap detector with an ionization energy of 70 eV.
- the extraction and preconcentration technique is the headspace mode solid phase microextraction (SPME) method.
- the microcapsules are placed in an airtight vial for 2 h under UV irradiation and in the dark. After this time a 10 mm long PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) polymeric fiber is injected into the vial without direct contact with the microcapsule sample but only with the vapor phase, adsorbing the volatile analytes from the sample. Immediately after extraction, the fiber is collected and injected into the gas chromatograph. The collected analytes are separated and detected by the equipment.
- the diffuser is identified by analyzing the chromatograms and mass spectra obtained for each sample. Its concentration is determined by a linear regression obtained for the calibration curve relating the area calculated by the integration of the chromatogram peaks and the mass of the compound. The calibration curve is obtained by injecting standards containing known masses of the diffuser.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP16753471.8A EP3318323B1 (en) | 2015-07-05 | 2016-07-05 | Micro- or nanocapsules having photocatalytic properties for controlled release of diffusing agents and respective methods of obtainment |
CN201680040092.3A CN107847896A (zh) | 2015-07-05 | 2016-07-05 | 用于扩散剂的控制释放的具有光催化性能的微胶囊或纳米胶囊及相应的制造方法 |
BR112018000264-0A BR112018000264B1 (pt) | 2015-07-05 | 2016-07-05 | Cápsulas para transportar um agente ativo com propriedades fotocatalíticas, seu processo de produção e artigos |
US15/741,811 US20180243717A1 (en) | 2015-07-05 | 2016-07-05 | Micro- or nanocapsules having photocatalytic properties for controlled release of diffusing agents and respective method of production |
ES16753471T ES2830753T3 (es) | 2015-07-05 | 2016-07-05 | Micro- o nanocápsulas que tienen propiedades fotocatalíticas para la liberación controlada de agentes de difusión y respectivos métodos de obtención |
CA2991553A CA2991553A1 (en) | 2015-07-05 | 2016-07-05 | Micro-or nanocapsules having photocatalytic properties for controlled release of diffusing agents and respective method of obtainment |
AU2016288830A AU2016288830A1 (en) | 2015-07-05 | 2016-07-05 | Micro- or nanocapsules having photocatalytic properties for controlled release of diffusing agents and respective method of production |
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PT108665 | 2015-07-05 | ||
PT108665A PT108665B (pt) | 2015-07-05 | 2015-07-05 | Micro ou nanocápsulas com propriedades fotocatalíticas para libertação controlada de agentes difusores e respetivo método de obtenção |
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WO2017006247A1 true WO2017006247A1 (pt) | 2017-01-12 |
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US (1) | US20180243717A1 (pt) |
EP (1) | EP3318323B1 (pt) |
CN (1) | CN107847896A (pt) |
AU (1) | AU2016288830A1 (pt) |
CA (1) | CA2991553A1 (pt) |
ES (1) | ES2830753T3 (pt) |
PT (1) | PT108665B (pt) |
WO (1) | WO2017006247A1 (pt) |
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- 2016-07-05 ES ES16753471T patent/ES2830753T3/es active Active
- 2016-07-05 CN CN201680040092.3A patent/CN107847896A/zh active Pending
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ES2830753T3 (es) | 2021-06-04 |
CA2991553A1 (en) | 2017-01-12 |
PT108665A (pt) | 2017-01-05 |
CN107847896A (zh) | 2018-03-27 |
EP3318323B1 (en) | 2020-08-12 |
AU2016288830A1 (en) | 2018-03-01 |
PT108665B (pt) | 2020-11-02 |
US20180243717A1 (en) | 2018-08-30 |
BR112018000264A2 (pt) | 2018-09-04 |
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