WO2016159724A1 - 리튬 이차전지용 융착형 복합 분리막 및 이의 제조방법 - Google Patents
리튬 이차전지용 융착형 복합 분리막 및 이의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016159724A1 WO2016159724A1 PCT/KR2016/003428 KR2016003428W WO2016159724A1 WO 2016159724 A1 WO2016159724 A1 WO 2016159724A1 KR 2016003428 W KR2016003428 W KR 2016003428W WO 2016159724 A1 WO2016159724 A1 WO 2016159724A1
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- lithium secondary
- secondary battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/02—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/417—Polyolefins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/42—Acrylic resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/431—Inorganic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/443—Particulate material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/451—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/457—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/463—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/491—Porosity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fusion type separator for a lithium secondary battery and a method for manufacturing the same, which improve the battery life and safety.
- the polyolefin-based microporous membrane is poor in thermal stability, due to the temperature rise resulting from the abnormal behavior of the battery may be a short circuit between the electrodes accompanied with damage or deformation of the microporous membrane. Furthermore, there is a risk of overheating, ignition or explosion of the battery.
- Japanese Patent No. 4127989 describes a separator in which a porous fusion layer made of an organic polymer for swelling and supporting an electrolyte solution is disposed on both sides of a substrate of a polyolefin microporous membrane.
- the above technique has advantages in terms of ion conductivity and fusion, but has a problem in that heat resistance is insufficient and the thickness of the fusion layer is so great that it is disposed with the thinning requirement of the separator.
- Korean Patent No. 1156961 describes that by partially coating the silane-based compound on the upper and lower outer circumferential surfaces of the electrode and the separator, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the ion conductivity by the fusion layer while increasing the adhesion strength.
- the center portion of the electrode cannot be lifted, so there is a limit.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, good adhesion with the electrode, can improve the high strength, chemical resistance, electrochemical resistance, heat resistance, in particular, the adhesion with the electrode is significantly improved, It is an object of the present invention to provide a fusion type composite separator for a lithium secondary battery, and a method of manufacturing the same, which improves room temperature life.
- the present invention is a porous substrate layer
- Inorganic particles are connected and fixed by a binder polymer, the heat-resistant layer formed on the porous base layer;
- It includes an amorphous polymer particles having a glass transition temperature of 30 ° C or more and 90 ° C or less, and a fusion layer formed on the heat-resistant layer; relates to a composite separator for a lithium secondary battery.
- the difference between the glass transition temperature of the amorphous polymer particles and the fusion temperature required for fusion of the electrode and the composite separator may be 60 ° C. or less.
- the composite separator of the present invention may further include an interface layer formed between the heat resistant layer and the fusion layer, wherein the inorganic particles and the amorphous polymer particles are mixed.
- the heat-resistant layer comprises 60 to 99% by weight of the inorganic particles and 40 to 1% by weight of the binder polymer with respect to 100% by weight of the total composition
- the size of the inorganic particles is preferably 0.1 to 2.0 ⁇ m, alumina, be It may include one or more inorganic particles selected from aluminum oxide such as mite, barium titanium oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, clay glass powder, but are not limited thereto. It is not.
- examples of the binder of the heat-resistant layer in the present invention are polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafuluropropylene (PVdF-HFP), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyvinyl It may include one or two or more selected from polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyimide, polyethylene oxide (PEO), cellulose acetate, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and the like. However, it is not necessarily limited thereto.
- the fusion layer is a layer containing amorphous polymer particles, wherein the polymer particles have a Tg (glass transition temperature) of 30 to 90 ° C. and a glass transition temperature of 60 ° C. or less. It is a composite separator for secondary batteries containing amorphous polymer particles.
- the heat fusion temperature is generally based on the range of 70 ⁇ 100 °C and the difference between the glass transition temperature and the heat fusion temperature is based on the case of performing the heat fusion at 70 ⁇ 100 °C.
- the size of the amorphous polymer particles in the present invention is 0.05 to 0.8 ⁇ m is good for achieving the desired effect in the present invention. Moreover, it is preferable that the thickness of the said fusion layer of this invention is 1.0 micrometer or less.
- amorphous polymer used in the fusion layer in the present invention it is preferable to use a polymer material which is an acrylate (acrylate) or methacrylate-based polymer or copolymer having a glass transition temperature of 30 to 90 ° C.
- a polymer material which is an acrylate (acrylate) or methacrylate-based polymer or copolymer having a glass transition temperature of 30 to 90 ° C.
- the glass transition temperature is preferably in the range of 30 ⁇ 90 °C, even if the heat-sealing conditions for fusion bonding the separator with the electrode is made at a temperature of 70 ⁇ 100 °C mostly adhesion Good characteristics may be exhibited in the characteristics of the battery such as strength and normal temperature life, and physical properties in the laminate.
- the adhesive strength is remarkably excellent and surprisingly, the room temperature life of the battery is remarkably improved.
- the fusion layer additionally adds the inorganic particles used in the heat-resistant layer, it gives more excellent adhesiveness and shows excellent results in battery safety and performance.
- the content of the inorganic particles is preferably 30% by volume or less based on the total content of the particles of the fusion layer.
- the composite separator when the composite separator is fused with an electrode, fusion in a state containing an electrolyte solution is possible, but fusion in a state without an electrolyte solution is possible, and when fusion is performed with an electrode without an electrolyte solution. It is effective to realize more adhesion.
- the electrodes and separators which are constituents, enter the hard cylinder or can, but in this case, the electrode cannot be fused by applying temperature and pressure after battery assembly. It is effective when fusion is applied by injecting electrolyte into a cylinder or a can after the separator is fused.
- the composite separator according to the present invention may be mainly applied to improve the life and safety of a pouch-type or cylindrical lithium secondary battery, and may be thermally fused regardless of whether thermal fusion is performed after the electrolyte is injected or after the electrolyte is injected. However, they show very good fusion performance but are not limited to this.
- the composite separator according to the present invention has the characteristics of improving the lifespan and safety of the battery, and is uniformly and strongly fused in the entire area of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a wide area secondary battery, and the movement of ions through uniformly distributed pores of each layer. Since this becomes smooth, it is particularly advantageous for improving the performance of a large secondary battery for an electric vehicle, and is very good in the life characteristics of the battery.
- the present invention is a porous substrate layer
- Inorganic particles are connected and fixed by a binder polymer, the heat-resistant layer formed on the porous base layer;
- It includes an amorphous polymer particles having a glass transition temperature of 30 ° C or more and 90 ° C or less, and a fusion layer formed on the heat-resistant layer; relates to a composite separator for a lithium secondary battery.
- a difference between the glass transition temperature of the amorphous polymer particles and the fusion temperature of the fusion layer may be 60 ° C. or less.
- the present invention may further include an interface layer formed between the heat resistant layer and the fusion layer, wherein the inorganic particles and the amorphous polymer particles are mixed, and the thickness of the interface layer is 40% or less of the thickness of the fusion layer. Can be.
- the fusion layer may be in the scope of the present invention, either one-sided lamination or two-sided lamination, provided that the fusion layer is laminated on the heat resistant layer.
- the surface roughness of the composite separator may be maintained at 0.3 ⁇ m or less, thereby manufacturing a composite separator capable of further improving battery life and providing a high energy battery having excellent electrical characteristics. This is because adhesion with the electrode can be made more uniform, thereby improving the electrical characteristics of the battery.
- the porous substrate layer may be used as long as it is a polyolefin-based microporous membrane, and may be applied to a battery having pores such as non-woven fabric, paper, and pores in the interior or pores of the microporous membrane thereof.
- the porous membrane is not particularly limited.
- the said polyolefin resin is 1 type or more types of polyolefin resins individually or in mixture, and it is especially 1 type or 2 or more types chosen from polyethylene, a polypropylene, and these copolymers.
- the base layer may be prepared by the polyolefin resin alone or a polyolefin resin as a main component and further comprises an inorganic particle or an organic particle.
- the base layer may be composed of a polyolefin-based multilayer, and the base layer composed of the multilayer also does not exclude that any one layer or all of the layers include inorganic particles and organic particles in the polyolefin resin.
- the thickness of the porous substrate layer is not particularly limited, but may be preferably 5 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the porous base layer is a porous polymer film mainly made through stretching.
- Method for producing a polyolefin-based porous substrate layer according to an embodiment of the present invention is not limited as long as it is prepared by a person skilled in the art, in one embodiment, can be prepared by a dry method or a wet method.
- the dry method is a method in which a polyolefin film is formed and then stretched at a low temperature to cause micro cracks between lamellas, which are crystal parts of the polyolefin, to form micro voids.
- a polyphase resin and diluent are kneaded at a high temperature at which the polyolefin resin is melted to form a single phase, and in the cooling process, the polyolefin and diluent are phase separated, and then the dilution portion is extracted to form voids therein.
- the wet method is a method of imparting mechanical strength and permeability through the stretching / extraction process after the phase separation process, and may be more preferable than the dry method because the thickness of the film is thin, the pore size is uniform, and the physical properties are excellent.
- the diluent is not limited as long as it is an organic material forming a single phase with a polyolefin resin, and examples thereof include nonane, decane, decalin, paraffin oil, and paraffin wax.
- phthalic acid esters such as aliphatic or dibutyl phthalate and dioctyl phthalate, such as wax, and carbon atoms such as palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid 20 fatty acids, fatty acid alcohols having 10 to 20 carbon atoms such as palmitic alcohol, stearic acid alcohol, oleic alcohol, and mixtures thereof can be used.
- the heat-resistant layer is bonded to the base layer by mixing a small amount of binder in the inorganic particles, thereby improving the thermal stability, electrical safety, and electrical properties of the battery, and also serves to suppress the shrinkage of the base layer generated at high temperatures. do.
- the heat-resistant layer is not largely limited in size of the inorganic particles, but the coating of 1 to 10 ⁇ m thickness on one or both sides of the base layer by mixing the binder polymer in inorganic particles of 0.1 to 2.0 ⁇ m size The effect can be easily achieved.
- the heat-resistant layer may include 60 to 99% by weight of the inorganic particles and 40 to 1% by weight of the binder polymer with respect to 100% by weight of the total composition. In the above content, the performance of the battery can be effectively achieved.
- the inorganic particles included in the heat-resistant layer are rigid, so that deformation does not occur due to external impact and force, and thermal deformation and side reactions do not occur even at high temperatures.
- Alumina, Boehmite, and Aluminum hydroxide (Aluminum Hydroxide), Titanium Oxide, Barium Titanium Oxide, Magnesium Oxide, Magnesium Hydroxide, Silica, Clay, and Glass Powder Glass powder) is preferably one or two or more inorganic particles selected from the group consisting of, but is not limited thereto.
- the binder polymer included in the heat-resistant layer serves as a binder for stably connecting and stably separating inorganic particles, and may be polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) or polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoro Propylene (PVdF-HFP), Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), Polyvinylpyrrolidone, Polyimide, Polyethylene oxide (PEO), Cellulose acetate acetate), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and one or more binder polymers selected from the group consisting of polybutylacrylate (Polybutylacrylate), but is not limited thereto.
- the heat resistant layer may further include an acryl-based or butadiene-based polymer in order to improve the adhesive force as necessary.
- the solvent may be used as long as it can dissolve the binder and disperse the inorganic particles.
- the solvent is not limited thereto.
- water, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, acetone, tetrahydrofuran It may be one kind or two or more kinds selected from methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, dimethylformamide and the like.
- the thickness of the heat resistant layer may be 1 to 20 ⁇ m, preferably 1 to 10 ⁇ m, on one or both sides of the base layer by mixing the binder polymer with the inorganic particles, thereby ensuring heat resistance and relatively excellent ion permeability. Can be improved.
- the fusion layer according to an embodiment of the present invention is formed on the outermost layer of the composite separator, and the electrode plate and the separator are bonded to each other to uniformly contact the electrode plate at regular intervals, and the fusion layer is laminated on the heat resistant layer. If so, either single-sided or double-sided stacking may fall within the scope of the present invention.
- the lamination form of the fusion layer / heat-resistant layer / porous substrate layer / heat-resistant layer / fusion layer and the lamination form of the fusion layer / porous substrate layer / heat-resistant layer / fusion layer and the lamination form of the porous substrate layer / heat-resistant layer / fusion layer It may have, but is not limited thereto.
- the fusion layer of the present invention by fusion welding the electrode plate and the separator, to increase the adhesive force in the entire area of the positive electrode and the negative electrode plate has the effect of strong and uniform adhesion between the positive electrode and the negative electrode uniformly and uniformly, The effect of significantly increasing the lifetime can be obtained.
- the fusion layer may be provided in the form of polymer particles to impart very excellent battery characteristics.
- the mobility of the ions can be secured through the space between the polymer particles.
- the characteristics of the battery may be increased by having excellent fusion characteristics and a long service life of the battery, which does not cause local adhesion failure.
- the size of the polymer particle which comprises the fusion layer of this invention 0.05-0.8 micrometer is preferable.
- the lithium ion is smoothly transferred, the resistance is low, and there is no deterioration in performance even at the fusion temperature.
- Inorganic particles or polymer materials used as raw materials for the separator must be chemically and electrochemically stable materials in the secondary battery.
- the amorphous polymer material of the fusion layer is not particularly limited as long as it can secure the fusion force between the electrode and the separator, but it is preferable to use a material in which the fusion force is expressed only when the temperature and the pressure are increased during battery manufacturing.
- the overlapped heat-sealing layers may be fused and cannot be used as a separator. Therefore, when the membranes are stacked in two layers, at a temperature of 60 ° C. or lower and a pressure of 1 MPa or lower, It is preferable that the welding force between the overlapped porous welding layers is 0.3 gf / cm or less. This may provide the effect of long-term storage without bonding the fusion layer and the fusion layer even when the temperature increases during storage and transportation.
- the polymer material is selected so that the adhesion force between the separator and the electrode is 1.0 gf / cm or more at a temperature of 70 to 100 ° C. and a pressure of 1 MPa or more, and constitutes a welding layer.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- the thermal fusion temperature based on 70 to 100 °C
- it exhibits low adhesion at low pressure and low temperature as described above, and very high at high temperature and high pressure, preferably at least 5 gf / cm, more preferably at least 8 gf / cm. Very good effect of adhesion of 10 gf / cm or more.
- the glass transition temperature of the organic polymer particles of the fusion layer is not an amorphous polymer of 30 ⁇ 90 °C it is difficult to show a large deviation in the adhesion measurement conditions. In other words, it is difficult to maximize the difference between the adhesive strength when fused at a low temperature of 60 °C or less and the welding strength when fused at a temperature of 70 ⁇ 100 °C.
- an acrylate (acrylate) or methacrylate-based polymer having a glass transition temperature of 30 to 90 ° C or a polymer material thereof. This is because it is convenient to control the glass transition temperature as an amorphous polymer by controlling the monomer ratio of copolymerization, and this is because the effect desired in the present invention can be exerted well, but is not necessarily limited thereto.
- the fusion layer in order to maintain the pores stably when the pressure is applied, may be configured by mixing the adhesive polymer material and the inorganic particles under the conditions that can sufficiently exert the effects of the present invention.
- Silver may comprise up to 30% by volume of inorganic particles relative to the volume of the entire particle, but it can be used as long as the effects of the present invention can be sufficiently achieved.
- the inorganic particles of the fusion layer are not particularly limited, but for example, aluminum oxide such as boehmite, barium titanium oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, clay, glass powder, and boron nitride It may include, but is not limited to, one or two or more inorganic particles selected from aluminum nitride.
- the method of forming the heat-resistant layer and the fusion layer in the separator may be prepared by a conventional method adopted in the art, and is not particularly limited thereto.
- the bar coating method and the rod may be used.
- Coating method, die coating method, wire coating method, comma coating method, micro gravure / gravure method, dip coating method, spray method, ink-jet coating method A method or a mixture thereof, a modified manner, or the like can be used.
- the present invention adopts a simultaneous coating method of coating the heat-resistant layer and drying it together immediately after coating the fusion layer without drying. It is very good to do and is another feature of the present invention.
- the method of manufacturing a composite separator according to an embodiment of the present invention may include the following steps.
- Drying step It may be prepared to include.
- the simultaneous coating method of applying the heat-resistant layer coating liquid and then drying and applying the fusion layer coating liquid sequentially without drying is preferred.
- the coating layer of the heat-resistant layer coating layer and the fusion layer freely migrates and is mixed by mixing at a predetermined thickness at the interface of the two layers, and thus the surface of the fusion layer is coated very uniformly. This adhesion is made semi-permanently, further improving the longevity and battery performance.
- the interface layer in which the inorganic particles and the amorphous polymer particles are further mixed between the heat-resistant layer and the fusion layer is not specifically limited, Although it can experimentally observe up to 40% of the thickness of a fusion layer, it is not necessarily limited to this.
- the long-term life of the battery is not damaged even by long-term use at the laminated interface of each layer of the composite film of the present invention is good because it has an effect that significantly increases.
- the heat-resistant layer is coated and dried, and then the fusion layer is coated and dried, the long-term life is greatly reduced by 10%, in some cases by more than 30%, due to adhesive deterioration of the interface. It was confirmed that the number of times the battery capacity was significantly lowered.
- the solvent used as the coating liquid for forming the heat-resistant layer or the fusion layer of the present invention is not limited, but for example, water, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, N-methyl It may be one or more selected from pyrrolidone, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, dimethylformamide, and the like, but is not limited thereto.
- Lithium secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention can be prepared including a composite separator, a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode may be prepared by mixing and stirring a solvent, a binder, a conductive material, a dispersant, and the like into a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode active material to prepare a mixture, applying the same to a current collector of a metal material, drying, and pressing the same. .
- the positive electrode active material can be used as long as it is an active material commonly used for the positive electrode of a secondary battery.
- Lithium metal oxide particles including one or more metals selected from the group consisting of can be used.
- the negative electrode active material can be used as long as it is an active material commonly used for the negative electrode of a secondary battery.
- the negative electrode active material of the lithium secondary battery is preferably a lithium intercalable material.
- the negative electrode active material is lithium (metal lithium), digraphitizable carbon, non-graphitizable carbon, graphite, silicon, Sn alloy, Si alloy, Sn oxide, Si oxide, Ti oxide, Ni oxide, Fe
- the oxide (FeO) and lithium-titanium oxide (LiTiO 2 , Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 ) may be one or two or more materials selected from the group of the negative electrode active material.
- a conventional conductive carbon material can be used without particular limitation.
- the current collector of the metal material is a metal having high conductivity and which can be easily adhered to the mixture of the positive electrode or the negative electrode active material, and can be used as long as it is not reactive in the voltage range of the battery.
- Non-limiting examples of the positive electrode current collector is a foil made by aluminum, nickel or a combination thereof
- non-limiting examples of the negative electrode current collector is made by copper, gold, nickel or copper alloy or a combination thereof Foil and the like.
- a separator is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- a method of applying the separator to a battery may include lamination, stacking, and folding of the separator and the electrode, in addition to winding, which is a general method.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte includes a lithium salt as an electrolyte and an organic solvent, and lithium salts may be used without limitation, those conventionally used in a lithium secondary battery electrolyte, and may be represented by Li + X ⁇ .
- the lithium salt anion is not particularly limited, F -, Cl -, Br -, I -, NO 3 -, N (CN) 2 -, BF 4 -, ClO 4 -, PF 6 -, (CF 3) 2 PF 4 -, (CF 3) 3 PF 3 -, (CF 3) 4 PF 2 -, (CF 3) 5 PF -, (CF 3) 6 P -, CF 3 SO 3 -, CF 3 CF 2 SO 3 -, (CF 3 SO 2) 2 N -, (FSO 2) 2 N -, CF 3 CF 2 (CF 3) 2 CO -, (CF 3 SO 2) 2 CH -, (SF 5) 3 C -, (CF 3 SO 2) 3 C -, CF 3 (CF 2) 7 SO 3 -, CF 3 CO 2 -, CH 3 CO 2 -, Either one or more of SCN - and (CF 3 CF 2 SO 2 ) 2 N - can be used.
- Organic solvents include propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, dimethylsulfuroxide, acetonitrile, dimethoxyethane, diethoxyethane, sulfolane, gamma-buty Rolactone, and tetrahydrofuran, any one selected from the group consisting of, or a mixture of two or more thereof may be used.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte may be injected into an electrode structure including an anode, a cathode, and a separator interposed between the anode and the cathode.
- the external shape of the lithium secondary battery is not particularly limited, but may be cylindrical, square, pouch or coin type using a can.
- the characteristics evaluation method of the separator for secondary batteries was performed by the following method.
- the method of measuring the gas permeability of the separator was in accordance with JIS P8117 standard, and compared by recording the time it takes for 100cc of air to pass through the area of 1inch 2 of the separator in seconds.
- the separator is cut into a 10 cm square shape to prepare a sample, and then the area of the sample is measured and recorded using a camera. Place five sheets of paper above and below the sample so that the sample is in the center of the sample, and fasten the four sides of the paper with clips. The sample wrapped with paper was left to stand in 130 degreeC hot air drying oven for 1 hour. After leaving the sample, the sample was taken out and the area of the separator was measured by a camera to calculate the shrinkage ratio of the following Equation 1.
- Shrinkage (%) (area before heating-area after heating) ⁇ 100 / area before heating
- a sample for measuring the adhesion between the separator and the electrode is placed in a positive electrode and a negative electrode plate, soaked in a separator for 1 hour, and then immersed in an electrolyte solution.
- the sample is immediately placed in a heat press and fused by applying heat and pressure of 100 ° C. and 1 MPa for 150 seconds. .
- the specimen thus prepared was immersed in the electrolyte for 1 hour and then taken out, and the peel strength was measured immediately before the electrolyte evaporated.
- Each battery manufactured through the assembly process was charged and discharged 500 times at a discharge rate of 1C, and then cycle evaluation was performed to measure the degree of reduction compared to the initial capacity by measuring the discharge capacity.
- the thickness of the battery was measured using a thickness gauge of Mitsutoyo after 500 charging and discharging, and then compared with the thickness before charging and discharging.
- the battery thickness increase rate of the following Equation 2 was measured.
- A Battery thickness before charge and discharge (mm)
- the membrane was prepared in a size of 5 ⁇ 5 ⁇ m, and the Ra value was measured by roughness analysis at the entire size of the sample using AFM (Digital Instruments Nanoscope V MMAFM-8 Multimode).
- each of the prepared cells were fully charged with 100% SOC (charge rate), and then nail penetration evaluation was performed. At this time, the diameter of the nail was fixed to 3.0mm, the penetration rate of the nail all 80 mm / min.
- L1 no change
- L2 small heat generation
- L3 leakage
- L4 smoke
- L5 ignition
- L1 to L3 are Pass
- L4 to L5 are determined to be Fail.
- LiCoO 2 LiCoO 2
- polyvinylidene fluoride 2.5% by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride
- carbon black 3.5% by weight of carbon black (D50: 15 ⁇ m)
- NMP N-methyl-2 -pyrrolidone
- alumina particles with an average particle diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m 2 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol having a melting temperature of 220 ° C. and a saponification degree of 99%, and 4 wt% of acrylic latex having a Tg of ⁇ 52 ° C. (solid content of 20 wt%). %, was added to water as a solvent and stirred to prepare a uniform heat resistant slurry.
- a total of four heat-resistant layer and fusion layer slurries were formed on the front and back surfaces of the microporous membrane substrate by using two multilayer slot coating dies in a polyolefin microporous membrane (35% porosity) having a thickness of 7 ⁇ m manufactured by SK Innovation.
- the layers were coated simultaneously in succession without a separate drying process.
- Simultaneously coated microporous membrane was wound in a roll after evaporating the water in a dryer, the thickness of the double-sided heat-resistant layer was 1.5 ⁇ m each, the thickness of the double-sided fusion layer was 0.8 ⁇ m respectively.
- Pouch-type batteries were assembled by stacking using the positive electrode, negative electrode, and separator prepared above, and ethylene carbonate (EC) / ethyl in which 1 M lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ) was dissolved in the assembled battery.
- EMC methyl carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- the pouch-type batteries stacked in Example 1 were assembled, and heat-sealing was performed by applying heat and pressure of 100 ° C. and 1 MPa for 150 seconds without injecting a separate electrolyte, and then injecting the electrolyte, and then injecting the electrolyte. It was.
- Example 2 The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that the following heat-resistant layer slurry and fusion layer slurry were used. As a result, the thickness of the double-sided heat-resistant layer was 2.5 ⁇ m, respectively, and the thickness of the double-sided fusion layer was 1.0 ⁇ m, respectively.
- boehmite with an average particle diameter of 0.7 ⁇ m
- polyvinyl alcohol having a melting temperature of 220 ° C and a saponification degree of 99%
- acrylic latex having a Tg of -52 ° C
- Styrene, methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate and ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EthylHexylAcrylate) were polymerized to prepare a fusion layer.
- spherical particles having an average particle diameter of 0.7 ⁇ m having a glass transition temperature of 85 ° C. were diluted so as to have a ratio of 12% by weight to water to prepare a fusion layer slurry.
- Example 3 it carried out similarly except having formed the heat-resistant layer and the fusion layer on one surface of the base material layer, and only the fusion layer on the other surface. At this time, the thickness was 3.0 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the double-sided fusion layer was 1.0 ⁇ m, respectively.
- heat fusion was performed by applying heat and pressure of 100 ° C. and 1 MPa for 150 seconds, followed by the same procedure except that an electrolyte solution was injected.
- electrolyte of ethylene carbonate (EC) / ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC) / dimethyl carbonate (DMC) in which 1 M lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) was dissolved was 3: 5: 2 (volume ratio). Except for injecting was carried out in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1.
- Example 1 The same process as in Example 1 was carried out except that there was no heat-resistant layer in the separator.
- a composite membrane was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a slurry obtained by dispersing 20 wt% of BA (Butylacrylate) and EHA (Ethylhexylacrylate) copolymer particles having a glass transition temperature of 5 ° C. and an average particle diameter of 0.2 ⁇ m was used.
- the thickness of the double-sided heat-resistant layer was 1.5 m, respectively, and the thickness of the double-sided fusion layer was 0.8 m, respectively.
- the battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that thermal fusion was performed by applying a heat and pressure of 70 ° C. and 1 MPa for 150 seconds.
- the composite membrane was prepared by diluting the methyl methacrylate copolymer particles having a glass transition temperature of 93 ° C. and an average particle diameter of 0.6 ⁇ m to a ratio of 15 wt% to water as a fusion layer slurry as a fusion layer slurry. Except that it was carried out as in Example 2. The thickness of both the heat resistant layer and the fusion layer was 1.4 ⁇ m.
- methyl methacrylate polymer particles having a glass transition temperature of 110 ° C. and an average particle diameter of 0.8 ⁇ m were diluted to a ratio of 12% by weight to water, and used as a fusion layer slurry.
- Two layers were used to simultaneously and simultaneously coat a total of four layers of the heat-resistant layer slurry and the fusion layer slurry on the front and back surfaces of the substrate without separate drying.
- the membrane was evaporated through a dryer to evaporate water, and then wound in a roll.
- the thicknesses of the double-sided heat-resistant layers were 1.5 ⁇ m, respectively, and the thicknesses of the double-sided fusion layers were 1.4 ⁇ m, respectively.
- Example 2 After assembling the pouch-type battery by the stacking method using the separator, the battery was placed in a heat press in the absence of the electrolyte solution and subjected to heat fusion by applying heat and pressure of 100 ° C. and 1 MPa for 150 seconds.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- Example 1 Example 2
- Example 3 Example 4
- Example 5 Example 6 Gas permeability sec / 100 cc 250 246 324 312 307 358 130 °C shrinkage % 2.0 1.8 2.6 2.2 2.6 2.2
- Adhesive strength gf / cm 10.6 11.1 12.7 13.5 11.1 10.1 Room temperature % 88.7 89.3 91.3 90.5 89.1 92.2 Battery thickness increase rate % 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2 Ra ⁇ m 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.19 0.21 0.22
- Penetration Evaluation L3 (pass) L3 (pass) L3 (pass) L3 (pass) L3 (pass) L3 (pass) L3 (pass) L3 (pass) L3 (pass) L3 (pass)
- the composite separator according to the present invention has the characteristics of improving the lifespan and safety of the battery, and is uniformly and strongly fused in the entire area of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a wide area secondary battery, and the movement of ions through uniformly distributed pores of each layer. Since this becomes smooth, it is particularly advantageous for improving the performance of a large secondary battery for an electric vehicle, and is very good in the life characteristics of the battery.
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Abstract
Description
항목 | 단위 | 실시예1 | 실시예2 | 실시예3 | 실시예4 | 실시예5 | 실시예6 |
기체투과도 | sec/100cc | 250 | 246 | 324 | 312 | 307 | 358 |
130℃ 수축률 | % | 2.0 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 2.2 |
접착강도 | gf/cm | 10.6 | 11.1 | 12.7 | 13.5 | 11.1 | 10.1 |
상온수명 | % | 88.7 | 89.3 | 91.3 | 90.5 | 89.1 | 92.2 |
전지두께 증가율 | % | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.2 |
Ra | ㎛ | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.22 |
관통평가 | L3(pass) | L3(pass) | L3(pass) | L3(pass) | L3(pass) | L3(pass) |
항목 | 단위 | 비교예1 | 비교예2 | 비교예3 | 비교예4 | 비교예5 | 비교예6 |
기체투과도 | sec/100cc | 209 | 209 | 197 | 1274 | 225 | 214 |
130℃ 수축률 | % | 2.5 | 2.5 | 35.9 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 |
접착강도 | gf/cm | 접착안됨 | 접착안됨 | 14.7 | 5.1 | 접착안됨 | 접착안됨 |
상온수명 | %(1C 500회) | 72.2 | 71.7 | 89.7 | 57.2 | 65.1 | 70.1 |
전지두께 증가율 | % | 5.9 | 4.8 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 4.9 | 5.2 |
Ra | ㎛ | 0.57 | 0.21 | 0.46 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.17 |
관통평가 | L3(pass) | L3(pass) | L5(fail) | L3(pass) | L3(pass) | L3(pass) |
Claims (11)
- 다공성 기재층;무기입자가 바인더 고분자에 의해 연결 및 고정되며, 상기 다공성 기재층 상에 형성된 내열층; 및유리전이온도가 30℃ 이상 90℃ 이하인 비결정성 고분자 입자를 포함하며, 상기 내열층 상에 형성된 융착층;을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지용 복합 분리막.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 비결정성 고분자 입자의 유리전이온도와 상기 복합 분리막과 전극의 융착 시 융착온도의 차이는 60℃ 이하인 리튬 이차전지용 복합 분리막.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 내열층과 상기 융착층 사이에 형성되며, 상기 무기입자와 상기 비결정성 고분자 입자가 혼화된 계면층을 더 포함하는 리튬 이차전지용 복합 분리막.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 내열층은 무기 입자의 크기가 0.1 내지 2.0㎛인 리튬 이차전지용 복합 분리막.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 융착층은 비결정성 고분자 입자의 크기가 0.05 내지 0.8㎛ 인 리튬 이차전지용 복합 분리막.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 융착층의 두께가 2 ㎛ 이하인 리튬 이차전지용 복합 분리막.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 비결정성 고분자는 아크릴레이트계 중합체, 메타크릴레이트계 중합체 또는 이들의 공중합체로 이루어진 것인 리튬 이차전지용 복합 분리막.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 내열층은 알루미나, 베마이트 등의 알루미늄 산화물, 바륨 티타늄 옥사이드, 티타늄 산화물, 마그네슘 산화물, 클레이, 글래스 파우더, 질화붕소, 알루미늄 질화물 중에서 선택되는 하나 또는 둘 이상의 무기입자를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지용 복합 분리막.
- 다공성 기재의 일면 또는 양면에 무기 입자와 바인더 고분자를 포함하는 내열층 코팅액을 도포하는 단계; 및상기 도포된 내열층 코팅액 상에 유리전이온도가 30℃ 이상 90℃ 이하인 비결정성 고분자 입자를 포함하는 융착층 코팅액을 도포하는 단계;를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지용 복합 분리막의 제조방법.
- 제 9항에 있어서,상기 내열층 코팅액을 도포한 후 건조하지 않고 융착층 코팅액을 도포하여 동시 코팅하는 것인 리튬 이차전지용 복합 분리막의 제조방법.
- 제 9항에 있어서,상기 비결정성 고분자 입자의 유리전이온도와 상기 융착층의 융착온도의 차이는 60℃ 이하인 리튬 이차전지용 복합 분리막의 제조방법.
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CN201680020181.1A CN107534117B (zh) | 2015-04-02 | 2016-04-01 | 用于锂二次电池的熔合型复合分离膜及其制备方法 |
US15/562,534 US10333126B2 (en) | 2015-04-02 | 2016-04-01 | Fusion type composite separation membrane for lithium secondary battery, and preparation method therefor |
DE112016001490.2T DE112016001490T5 (de) | 2015-04-02 | 2016-04-01 | Verbund-Trennmembran vom Verschmelzungsstyp für Lithiumionen-Sekundärbatterien und Herstellungsverfahren hierfür |
JP2017549521A JP7073105B2 (ja) | 2015-04-02 | 2016-04-01 | リチウム二次電池用融着型複合分離膜およびその製造方法 |
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JP2018510472A (ja) | 2018-04-12 |
US20180097216A1 (en) | 2018-04-05 |
US10985356B2 (en) | 2021-04-20 |
US20180114968A1 (en) | 2018-04-26 |
KR102604599B1 (ko) | 2023-11-22 |
JP7073105B2 (ja) | 2022-05-23 |
US10333126B2 (en) | 2019-06-25 |
DE112016001490T5 (de) | 2018-01-04 |
KR20160118986A (ko) | 2016-10-12 |
KR102570912B1 (ko) | 2023-08-28 |
CN107534117B (zh) | 2022-02-11 |
CN107534117A (zh) | 2018-01-02 |
KR20160118966A (ko) | 2016-10-12 |
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