WO2016152305A1 - 自動分析装置及び自動分析方法 - Google Patents
自動分析装置及び自動分析方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016152305A1 WO2016152305A1 PCT/JP2016/054058 JP2016054058W WO2016152305A1 WO 2016152305 A1 WO2016152305 A1 WO 2016152305A1 JP 2016054058 W JP2016054058 W JP 2016054058W WO 2016152305 A1 WO2016152305 A1 WO 2016152305A1
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- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/86—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving blood coagulating time or factors, or their receptors
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- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/27—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands using photo-electric detection ; circuits for computing concentration
- G01N21/272—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands using photo-electric detection ; circuits for computing concentration for following a reaction, e.g. for determining photometrically a reaction rate (photometric cinetic analysis)
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an automatic analyzer that performs qualitative and quantitative analysis of biological samples such as blood and urine, and more particularly to an automatic analyzer and an automatic analysis method suitable for blood coagulation and hemostasis tests.
- Blood coagulation tests are performed for the purpose of understanding the pathology of the blood coagulation and fibrinolytic system, diagnosing DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome), confirming the effect of thrombus treatment, and diagnosing hemophilia.
- blood coagulation time measurement measures the time until a fibrin clot is formed after mixing a specimen and a reagent (hereinafter referred to as blood coagulation time). , Blood clotting time is prolonged.
- simply measuring the blood coagulation time may be caused by a decrease in activity due to lack of blood coagulation factor (deficient type), or an antibody against a component constituting the blood coagulation system or a component in a blood coagulation time measurement reagent, etc. It cannot be distinguished whether the activity is reduced due to inhibition of blood coagulation reaction (inhibitor type).
- the treatment since the treatment policy differs depending on whether the cause of extending the blood coagulation time is a defect type or an inhibitor type, it is necessary to clarify the cause.
- a cross-mixing test (also referred to as a blood coagulation correction test or a cross-mixing test) by adding normal plasma.
- normal plasma is added to the test plasma, and the degree of correction of the blood coagulation time is graphed and determined.
- the most typical use example of the cross-mixing test is the determination of the APTT prolongation factor.
- PT prothrombin time
- dPT diluted PT
- dAPTT diluted APTT
- KCT kaolin clotting time
- dRVVT It may be carried out with items such as diluted Russell snake poisoning time).
- Patent Document 1 has been proposed.
- blood clotting time was measured and obtained for each of test plasma alone, normal plasma alone, and a sample (mixed plasma) obtained by mixing test plasma and normal plasma in a mixing ratio of at least one kind.
- the difference between the lower area (A) of the line graph by plotting the measured values and the lower area (B) of the straight line connecting the measured values of only the test plasma and only the normal plasma is obtained, and the area ratio of this difference (AB) ) / (B) and a predetermined reference area ratio Y, and based on the comparison result, it is determined whether the inhibitor type or the deficient type.
- Patent Document 1 does not disclose a method for automating the mixing of test plasma and normal plasma, and in the case of preparing by a manual method, the work is complicated or the mixing obtained by the skill level of the operator Variations in the accuracy of the plasma mixing ratio can occur.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an automatic analyzer and an automatic analysis method capable of automating the preparation of mixed plasma obtained from test plasma and normal plasma at a predetermined mixing ratio.
- the automatic analyzer of the present invention provides a sample dispensing mechanism for dispensing test plasma and / or normal plasma added to correct the clotting time of the test plasma into a plurality of sample containers. And in the sample container, only the test plasma, only the normal plasma, and mixed plasma in which the test plasma and normal plasma are mixed in at least one mixing ratio, and the prepared test sample is prepared.
- a reaction container in which plasma, the normal plasma, and the mixed plasma are dispensed by the specimen dispensing mechanism, a reagent dispensing mechanism that dispenses a reagent into the reaction container, and the reagent in the reaction container added
- a measurement unit that irradiates the test plasma, normal plasma, and / or mixed plasma with light from the light source, and measures the coagulation time based on the obtained scattered light and / or transmitted light.
- the automatic analysis method of the present invention dispenses the test plasma and / or normal plasma added to correct the coagulation time of the test plasma into a plurality of sample containers by the sample dispensing mechanism, In the container, preparing only the test plasma, only the normal plasma, and mixed plasma that mixes the test plasma and normal plasma at a mixing ratio of at least one, the prepared test plasma, the normal plasma
- the plasma and the mixed plasma are accommodated in a reaction container, and the reagent is dispensed into the reaction container by the reagent dispensing mechanism, and the test plasma and / or normal plasma to which the reagent in the reaction container is added, It is characterized by irradiating light from a light source and measuring the coagulation time based on the obtained scattered light and / or transmitted light.
- an automatic analyzer and an automatic analysis method that can automate the preparation of mixed plasma obtained from test plasma and normal plasma at a predetermined mixing ratio.
- FIG. 10 is a display example of an operation screen at the time of a cross mixing test request according to the third embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the processing flow of the automatic analyzer of Example 4 which concerns on the other Example of this invention. 10 is a timing chart illustrating the operation of the automatic analyzer according to the fourth embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the processing flow of the automatic analyzer of Example 5 which concerns on the other Example of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the processing flow of the automatic analyzer of Example 6 which concerns on the other Example of this invention.
- FIG. 20 is a display example of an operation screen at the time of a cross mixing test request according to Embodiment 6.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the mixed plasma by normal plasma only, test plasma only, and 5 types of mixing ratios. It is a figure which shows the mixed plasma by only normal plasma, test plasma only, and 3 types of mixing ratios. It is a figure which shows the mixed plasma by only normal plasma, only test plasma, and 1 type of mixing ratio.
- test plasma includes both plasma of hospitalized patients or outpatients, and plasma of subjects in medical examinations.
- normal plasma includes both plasma of hospitalized patients or outpatients, and plasma of subjects in medical examinations.
- test plasma includes both plasma of hospitalized patients or outpatients, and plasma of subjects in medical examinations.
- normal plasma includes both plasma of hospitalized patients or outpatients, and plasma of subjects in medical examinations.
- test plasma includes both plasma of hospitalized patients or outpatients, and plasma of subjects in medical examinations.
- mixed plasma mixed at various mixing ratios may be collectively referred to as a specimen for measuring blood coagulation time.
- general sample is a sample of a subject.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cross-mixing test.
- a normal plasma is added to the test plasma, and a sample prepared by mixing so that the ratio of the normal plasma is 0, 10, 20, 50, 80, 90, 100% is prepared, and APTT is measured.
- the horizontal axis represents the normal plasma ratio (%)
- the vertical axis represents APTT (blood clotting time).
- the APTT extension is corrected by the addition of normal plasma, and a downwardly convex pattern is shown.
- FIG. 1 is an overall schematic configuration diagram of an automatic analyzer according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the automatic analyzer 100 includes a sample dispensing mechanism 101, a sample disk 102, a reagent dispensing mechanism 106, a reagent disk 107, a reaction container stock unit 111, a reaction container transport mechanism 112, a detection unit 113, a reaction container discarding unit 117, and an operation unit. 118, a storage unit 119, and a control unit 120.
- the sample dispensing mechanism 101 sucks the sample stored in the sample container 103 arranged on the sample disk 102 that rotates clockwise and counterclockwise, and discharges the sample to the reaction container 104 stored in the reaction container stock unit 111. .
- the sample dispensing mechanism 101 includes a sample dispensing probe 101 a at the tip, and performs a sample aspirating operation and a discharging operation by the operation of the sample syringe pump 105 controlled by the control unit 120.
- the reagent dispensing mechanism 106 sucks the reagent stored in the reagent container 108 arranged on the reagent disk 107 and discharges it to the reaction container 104 stored in the reaction container stock unit 111.
- the reagent dispensing mechanism 106 includes a reagent dispensing probe 106a at the tip, and performs a reagent aspirating operation and a discharging operation by the operation of the reagent syringe pump 110 controlled by the control unit 120.
- the reagent dispensing mechanism 106 includes a reagent temperature raising mechanism 109. The temperature of the reagent sucked by the reagent dispensing mechanism 106 is raised to an appropriate temperature (predetermined temperature) by the reagent temperature raising mechanism 109 controlled by the control unit 120.
- the reaction container transport mechanism 112 transports and installs the reaction container 104 accommodated in the reaction container stock unit 111.
- the reaction container transport mechanism 112 transports and installs the reaction container 104 from the reaction container stock unit 111 to the reaction container installation unit 114 of the detection unit 113 by grasping the reaction container 104 and rotating in a circular arc shape in a horizontal plane. .
- the detection unit 113 has at least one or more reaction container installation parts 114 on which the reaction container 104 is placed.
- the detection unit 113 measures the light intensity of the specimen in the reaction container 104 inserted into the reaction container installation unit 114.
- the case where one detection unit 113 is arranged is shown, but a plurality of detection units 113 may be provided. An example of the detection principle in the detection unit 113 will be described below.
- the light emitted from the light source 115 is scattered by the reaction solution in the reaction vessel 104.
- the detection unit (light receiving unit) 116 includes a photodiode or the like.
- the detection unit 116 receives scattered light scattered by the reaction solution (specimen) in the reaction vessel 104 and performs photo / electric conversion, thereby converting a photometric signal indicating the intensity of the received scattered light into an A / D converter. It outputs to 121.
- the scattered light measurement signal A / D converted by the A / D converter 121 is input to the control unit 120 via the interface 122.
- the operation of the detection unit 113 is controlled by the control unit 120.
- the control unit 120 includes an analysis operation control unit 120a and a calculation unit 120b.
- the analysis operation control unit 120a and the calculation unit 120b are realized by a processor such as a CPU, for example, read various programs stored in a ROM (not shown) or the storage unit 119, and execute the read programs to execute control and control. Perform the operation. That is, the analysis operation control unit 120a controls the sample dispensing mechanism 101 and the sample disk 102 to perform sample dispensing. The analysis operation control unit 120 a controls the reagent dispensing mechanism 106 and the reagent disk 107 to discharge the reagent to the specimen in the reaction container 104. Furthermore, the analysis operation control unit 120a controls the operation of the automatic analyzer such as the movement of the reaction vessel 104 and the disposal of the reaction vessel 104.
- the calculation unit 120b calculates the reaction time of the sample based on the comparison result between the signal value obtained from the measurement value of the light intensity that changes with time according to the degree of the mixing reaction between the sample and the reagent and a predetermined determination threshold.
- the measurement process to measure is implemented.
- the calculated coagulation time is output to the display unit 118c and stored in the storage unit 119.
- the coagulation time as the calculation result may be printed out to the printer 123 via the interface 122.
- the detection unit 116 is not limited to the configuration that receives scattered light from the reaction solution (specimen) in the reaction vessel 104.
- the detection unit 116 may be configured to detect the intensity of transmitted light that passes through the reaction solution (specimen) in the reaction vessel 104.
- the detector 116 using viscosity may be used.
- the reaction container transport mechanism 112 holds the reaction container 104 that has been measured and discards it to the reaction container discarding unit 117.
- a configuration may be provided that includes an incubator 124 that does not have a detector that warms the specimen before adding the measurement start reagent.
- the analysis items of the sample analyzed by the automatic analyzer 100 are input from the operation unit 118 to the control unit 120 via the operation screen displayed on the keyboard 118b or the display unit 118c as an input unit.
- a GUI Graphic User Interface
- a pointer or the like with the mouse 118a may be used.
- the reaction container stock unit 111, the sample disk 102, and the reagent disk 107 are shown as being spaced apart from each other, but the actual arrangement is shown in FIG.
- the reaction container stock unit 111 are arranged within a range of an arc-shaped movement locus in the horizontal plane of the sample dispensing probe 101a constituting the sample dispensing mechanism 101.
- the reagent disk 107 and the reaction container stock unit 111 are disposed within a range of an arc-shaped movement locus in the horizontal plane of the reagent dispensing probe 106a constituting the reagent dispensing mechanism 106. Therefore, when viewed from above, the sample disk 102, the reaction container stock unit 111, and the reagent disk 107 are arranged in a substantially triangular shape.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the processing flow of the automatic analyzer shown in FIG. 1, and particularly shows the flow of the sample preparation method when a cross-mixing test is requested.
- the automatic analyzer 100 receives a request for a cross mixing test (step S101).
- the request reception method includes a method of receiving via a network system using a host computer and a method of receiving an input cross mixing test measurement request by an operator requesting a measurement from the operation unit 118.
- a case where a measurement request is input via the operation screen will be described as an example.
- the cross-mixing test measurement request screen (operation screen) has a region for displaying the type of sample, that is, whether it is a general sample, an emergency sample, or a control.
- FIG. 4 shows that this is a cross-mixing measurement request for a general sample.
- the cross mixing measurement request screen (operation screen) has an inspection item selection / designation area 127. The operator can specify an item to be subjected to the cross-mixing test from the operation screen from the inspection item selection / designation area 127. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the item APTT is selected and designated.
- the operation screen has an area in which the normal plasma ratio can be selected and designated.
- the example shown in FIG. 4 shows a state in which all of the seven conditions of the normal plasma ratio of 0, 10, 20, 50, 80, 90, and 100% are set.
- the normal plasma ratio set here is not limited to the seven conditions shown in FIG. 4, for example, three or more conditions including 0% and 100%, that is, only test plasma, only normal plasma, In addition, it is sufficient that there is mixed plasma having at least one mixing ratio, and the other mixing ratio can be arbitrarily set.
- the analysis operation control unit 120a calculates the normal plasma volume and the test plasma volume necessary for the measurement, Each test plasma volume is determined, and the operation of the specimen dispensing mechanism 101 is controlled. At that time, as shown in FIG. 5, the necessary normal plasma volume and test plasma volume are displayed on the display unit 118c to notify the operator. The ability of the operator to grasp the necessary plasma volume has the effect of reducing the burden of calculating the required volume by the operator and preventing the plasma volume from becoming insufficient during the preparation. .
- the operator designates the installation position of normal plasma, test plasma, and empty sample container, but the apparatus may be controlled to designate the installation position. Further, FIG.
- each position represents the position of the sample container 103 in the sample disk 102, and is not necessarily specified only by numbers.
- the position of the sample container 103 is a combination of alphabets and numbers. May be specified.
- the empty sample container is a disposable capping container having an individual identification medium.
- the individual identification medium is for identifying a specimen, and for example, a barcode or RFID is used.
- the individual identification medium of the subject specimen includes measurement request information and the like in addition to the specimen ID for identifying the specimen. An arbitrary number is assigned to the individual identification medium to be affixed to the empty specimen container, and it is used for managing the mixed plasma after mixing the normal plasma and the test plasma.
- the normal plasma volume, the test plasma volume, and the presence / absence of an empty sample container are confirmed by the liquid level detection function of the sample dispensing mechanism 101, that is, the sample dispensing probe 101a provided at the tip of the sample dispensing mechanism 101 is liquid
- the liquid level is detected by utilizing a change in electrical characteristics such as capacitance or resistance that changes by contacting or approaching the surface. Moreover, it is good also as a structure which images using the imaging
- photography function sensors, such as CCD, CMOS, and PMT
- the sample container 103b filled with the test plasma moves to the dispensing position, and the amount of the test plasma is confirmed by the liquid level detection function of the sample dispensing probe 101a (FIG. 7). Furthermore, for the empty sample container, the sample installed when the liquid level detection function of the sample dispensing probe 101a is not in contact with the liquid level and is in contact with the bottom of the sample container (abnormal lowering detection). Recognize that the container is empty.
- step S104 if the result of the container installation check indicates that the normal plasma volume or the test plasma volume is less than the required volume, or if the required number of empty sample containers is not installed at the predetermined position, mixing is performed. Plasma preparation is stopped and a system alarm is displayed (step S105). As a result, there is a shortage of plasma in the middle of the measurement, or a place where an empty sample container is not installed, that is, a sample container in which a sample (normal plasma, test plasma, or mixed plasma) has already been dispensed. The risk of contaminating the specimen disk 102 due to the injection can be avoided.
- step S104 when it is confirmed that the normal plasma volume and the test plasma volume have been prepared more than necessary and the required number of empty sample containers has been installed, dispensing of normal plasma into the empty sample container is started.
- Step S106 the dispensing operation of normal plasma will be described.
- the sample disk 102 rotates clockwise and counterclockwise, the sample container 103a filled with normal plasma is moved to the dispensing position, and the sample dispensing mechanism 101 sucks normal plasma (FIG. 6).
- FIG. 6 shows a case where the sample disk 102 rotates stepwise counterclockwise, and the moving distance in each step corresponds to the pitch of two sample containers 103 arranged adjacent to each other. .
- the barcode attached to the sample container 103 is read by the reading unit 125 as described above, and after the sample ID is identified, the barcode is positioned in front of the reading unit 125 along the rotation direction of the sample disk 102. It is positioned immediately below the sample dispensing mechanism 101 (sample dispensing position). That is, each sample container 103 is always positioned at the dispensing position after the sample ID is identified by the reading unit 125.
- the sample dispensing mechanism 101 is configured. Normal plasma aspirated from the sample dispensing probe 101a is not discharged. Subsequently, the sample container positioned at the dispensing position is the empty sample container 103c, and the normal plasma sucked into the sample dispensing probe 101a is discharged (FIG. 8). This operation is repeated to dispense normal plasma into the empty sample containers 103d to 103i. When the normal plasma is completely dispensed (step S107), the test plasma is subsequently dispensed (step S108).
- the sample container 103b filled with the sample plasma is first positioned at the dispensing position by the rotation of the sample disk 102, and the sample dispensing probe 101a of the sample dispensing mechanism 101 is positioned.
- the test plasma is aspirated (FIG. 7).
- the sample container positioned at the dispensing position by the rotation of the sample disk 102 is the sample container 103c from which normal plasma is discharged in step S106.
- the sample dispensing probe 101a discharges the aspirated test plasma to the sample container 103c (FIG. 8).
- the test plasma is dispensed into the specimen containers 103d to 103i by the specimen dispensing probe 101a.
- step S109 the discharge amounts of normal plasma and test plasma from the sample dispensing probe 101a constituting the sample dispensing mechanism 101 to the sample containers 103c to 103i are shown in FIG. Corresponds to the normal plasma ratio set by the operation screen shown.
- step S ⁇ b> 110 as shown in FIG. 9, the mixed plasma of normal plasma and test plasma dispensed into the specimen container 103 c positioned immediately below the stirring mechanism 126 is stirred by the stirring mechanism 126. To do.
- FIG. 9 the mixed plasma of normal plasma and test plasma dispensed into the specimen container 103 c positioned immediately below the stirring mechanism 126 is stirred by the stirring mechanism 126.
- the stirring mechanism 126 is executed by rotating a stirring blade or a spatula-shaped rod provided at the tip infiltrating the mixed plasma in the specimen container 103c.
- the stirring mechanism 126 is not limited to a method of rotating a stirring blade or a spatula bar.
- the mixed plasma in the sample container may be irradiated with ultrasonic waves and stirred.
- the specimen disk 102 is rotated forward and backward (clockwise and counterclockwise), or when normal plasma or test plasma is discharged from the specimen dispensing probe 101a to the specimen container 103.
- the mixed plasma may be stirred by the discharge pressure of the sample, that is, the discharge pressure of the sample syringe pump 105.
- the mixed plasma having various normal plasma ratios is automatically generated by the specimen dispensing mechanism 101 and the stirring mechanism 126 using the operation screen shown in FIG. Can be prepared.
- the test plasma is dispensed (step S108) after the normal plasma is dispensed (step S106).
- the present invention is not limited to this, and normal plasma is dispensed after the test plasma is dispensed. It is good also as composition which prepares and prepares mixed plasma.
- normal plasma and test plasma are dispensed independently, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the specimen dispensing mechanism 101 is sufficiently washed and there is no risk of contamination, it is possible to prepare (prepare) mixed plasma one by one. In this case, after dispensing a required amount of normal plasma into the empty sample container 103c, a required amount of test plasma is dispensed. After preparing the mixed plasma in the sample container 103c, the mixed plasma is sequentially prepared for each empty sample container so that the mixed plasma in the empty sample container 103d is prepared.
- a preparation completion screen is displayed on the display unit 118c, and the operator closes the sample container containing the prepared sample. It may be stirred and placed on the specimen disk 102 again. In this case, since it is not necessary to provide the specimen stirring mechanism 126, the apparatus can be reduced in size.
- step S111 of FIG. 3 the bar coat affixed to the specimen containers 103c to 103i containing seven mixed plasmas having different normal plasma ratios is read by the reading unit 125, and only normal plasma and test plasma are respectively read. Only five mixed ratios, that is, mixed plasma having a normal plasma ratio of 10, 20, 50, 80, 90% are specified, and then the process proceeds to step S112.
- step S112 the specimens accommodated in the specimen containers 103c to 103i are dispensed by the specimen dispensing mechanism 101 into different reaction containers 104 accommodated in the reaction container stock unit 111.
- each reaction container 104 is moved to the detection unit 113 by the reaction container transport mechanism 112, and the reaction container 104 is set in the reaction container installation section 114 as described above, and photometry indicating the intensity of scattered light and / or transmitted light is measured. Detect the signal.
- the sample containers for the seven prepared samples have a function of recognizing the normal plasma ratio and the subject sample ID collated in step S103 and enabling collation with the measurement results.
- the result display after the end of the immediate measurement is, for example, a graph obtained by plotting the normal plasma ratio of each mixed plasma on the horizontal axis and the APTT coagulation time on the vertical axis as shown by the solid line (a) in FIG. Is displayed on the operation unit 118c (step S113).
- the result is preferably printed from the printer 123 via the interface 122.
- the container of the mixed plasma (residual sample) after the immediate measurement is closed and incubated at 37 ° C. for a certain period of time.
- Incubation is performed in the incubator 124, but in the case of an apparatus without the incubator 124, the incubation is performed outside the apparatus.
- the apparatus counts the incubation time starting from the measurement end time. At this time, the operator can know the end time of the incubation from the operation screen by setting the incubation time in advance.
- a display notifying the end of incubation is output when the incubation end time is approached (step S115).
- the operator can grasp the state of the specimen during the incubation and measure it without forgetting.
- the operator opens the mixed plasma after the incubation, places it on the sample disk 102, and presses the measurement start button.
- the measurement start button is pressed (step S116)
- the mixed plasma ID set at the position designated on the operation screen shown in FIG. 5 is read by the rotation of the sample disk 102, and the normal plasma collated in step S103.
- the ratio and the subject sample ID are recognized, the requested items are collated (step S117), and the delay type measurement is performed (step S118).
- a delay type graph indicated by a solid line (b) in FIG. 10 is created (step S119) and collated with the immediate result (step S120).
- the immediate and delayed graphs may be combined into one as shown in FIG. 2, or may be divided into two different graphs for display.
- the preparation of the mixed plasma, the immediate type / delayed type analysis, and the immediate type / delayed type result collation are automatically executed. It is possible to eliminate errors such as variations and artificial specimen mistakes and to improve reliability. Further, the burden on the operator is reduced, and the result can be obtained quickly. Furthermore, it is possible to realize an automatic analyzer and an automatic analysis method that can automate the preparation of mixed plasma obtained from a test plasma and normal plasma at a predetermined mixing ratio.
- FIG. 11 is an overall schematic configuration diagram of the automatic analyzer according to the second embodiment according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the automatic analyzer includes a sample rack 201, a sample rack supply unit 202, a sample rack storage unit 203, a transport line 204 for transporting the sample rack 201 to the analysis unit 210, a return line 205, a rack standby unit 206, a standby unit.
- Unit handling mechanism 207, rack return mechanism 208, first reading unit (conveyance line) 209, and analysis unit 210 In other words, as a mechanism for mounting the sample container 103, the sample container 103 is mounted on the sample rack 201 and has various transport mechanisms for transporting the sample rack 201.
- the other points are the same as in the first embodiment, and the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and the description thereof is omitted below.
- a plurality of analysis units 210 can be connected along the conveyance line 204, but in this embodiment, at least one analysis unit for performing a coagulation test is provided.
- the basic configuration of the analysis unit 210 for performing the coagulation test and the basic analysis flow are substantially the same as those in the first embodiment, but the sample is supplied via the transport line 204, and thus the sample disk 102 is used. Does not have.
- the transport system of the analysis unit 210 arranged along the transport line 204 includes a second reading unit (analysis unit) 211 for collating analysis request information for the sample, and the transport line 204.
- a first rack handling mechanism 212 that receives the sample rack 201, a dispensing line 213 that performs sample dispensing in the sample container of the sample rack 201, and a mixing device for cross-mixing, which has a function of allowing the sample rack 201 to wait until dispensing starts.
- a retreat area 214 for retreating the sample rack 201 at the time of plasma preparation and a second rack handling mechanism 215 for transporting the sample rack 201 after sample dispensing to the return line 205 are provided.
- the flow of sample supply when performing general analysis that is, analysis of a calibrator, a control, a general sample, etc., that is, the order of transport of sample racks will be described with reference to FIG.
- the sample racks 201 arranged in the sample rack supply unit 202 are transferred to the transport line 204 as shown by an arrow (a) in FIG.
- the sample rack 201 and the individual identification medium (for example, barcode) attached to the sample container accommodated in the sample rack 201 are read by the first reading unit (conveyance line) 209, and the sample rack number and the sample container number are read. Is recognized (arrow (b) in FIG. 12).
- the sample read by the first reading unit (conveyance line) 209 is accommodated in the sample rack standby unit 206 and waits for analysis if there is a sample rack 201 on the dispensing line 213 (arrow (c) in FIG. )).
- the sample rack 201 that has been waiting when the dispensing of the sample on the dispensing line 213 is completed is sent to the analysis unit 210, and the second reading unit (analysis unit) 211 recognizes the sample rack number and the sample container number. ((D) in FIG. 12).
- the sample is drawn into the dispensing line 213 via the first rack handling mechanism 212 ((e) in FIG. 12), and the sample is dispensed by the sample dispensing mechanism 101.
- the sample rack 201 is directly transported to the dispensing line 213 without being stored in the sample rack standby unit 206.
- the sample rack 201 that stores the sample that has been dispensed by the sample dispensing mechanism 101 is transported to the return line 205 via the second rack handling mechanism 215 ((f) in FIG. 12), and the standby unit handling mechanism 207. Through the sample rack standby section 206 ((g) in FIG. 12). If it is determined that there is no re-examination after waiting for the measurement result, the sample is transferred to the return line 205 via the standby unit handling mechanism 207 ((h) in FIG. 12) and transferred to the sample rack storage unit 203. It is conveyed ((i) in FIG. 12).
- FIG. 13 shows the flow of sample supply in the sample preparation of the cross-mixing test, that is, the transport order of the sample rack.
- the sample racks 201 arranged in the sample rack supply unit 202 are transferred to the transport line 204 (arrow (a) in FIG. 13), and then the sample rack 201 and the sample are transferred.
- An individual identification medium for example, a barcode
- attached to a sample container accommodated in the rack 201 is read by the first reading unit (transport line) 209, and the sample rack number and the sample container number are recognized (FIG. 13). (B)).
- the sample racks 201 containing normal plasma, test plasma, and empty sample containers are collated, and a dispensing line Until there is no sample being analyzed in 213, it is accommodated in the rack standby unit 206 and waits for analysis (arrow (c) in FIG. 13).
- the sample racks that store the test plasma, normal plasma, and empty sample containers may all be stored in the same sample rack or may be stored across two or more sample racks.
- the sample plasma to be analyzed is stored.
- the sample rack and the sample rack containing empty sample containers are transported to the analysis unit 210 in this order.
- the second reading unit (analyzing unit) 211 recognizes the sample rack number and the sample container number ((d) in FIG. 13). Subsequently, it is sent to the dispensing line 213 ((e) in FIG. 13) via the second rack handling mechanism 215, and the liquid level detection function of the sample dispensing mechanism 101 is abnormal as in the first embodiment.
- test plasma volume, the normal plasma volume, and the empty sample container are not correctly installed, the test plasma volume is once returned to the transport line 204 via the first rack handling mechanism 212 and then the second rack handling mechanism 215.
- the sample is conveyed to the return line 205 and returned to the sample rack storage unit 203, a system alarm is output and sample preparation is stopped.
- the sample rack 201 that has been confirmed that the test plasma volume, the normal plasma volume, and the empty sample container are correctly installed is once returned to the transport line 204 via the first rack handling mechanism 212. It is conveyed again to the dispensing line 213 via the two-rack handling mechanism 215.
- the test plasma in the transported sample rack 201 is aspirated and subsequently discharged to an empty sample container.
- the sample rack is arranged in the retreat area 214 provided on the dispensing line 213 and the circle in the horizontal plane of the sample dispensing mechanism 101 is arranged.
- the sample is discharged into the empty sample container by the arc-shaped rotation operation (FIG. 14).
- stirring mechanism 126 shown in the first embodiment is arranged so as to be accessible on the dispensing line 213 so that the mixed plasma can be mixed.
- the sample rack containing the prepared sample is returned to the transport line 204 via the first rack handling mechanism 212 and sent to the return line 205 via the second rack handling mechanism 215 (see FIG. 13). (g)). Thereafter, the sample rack 201 containing the prepared sample is drawn into the sample rack standby unit 206 ((h) in FIG. 13) via the standby unit handling mechanism 207 and waits for analysis.
- the analysis unit 210 is not provided with the stirring mechanism 126, it is sent to the return line 205 via the second rack handling mechanism 215 ((g) in FIG. 13). Then, it is returned to the sample rack storage unit 203 (((g) in FIG. 13).
- the operator collects the prepared sample from the returned sample rack, places it again in the rack supply unit 202 after stirring, and performs analysis of an arbitrary item (for example, APTT) (immediate measurement). Since the analysis method is the same as that of the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted.
- an arbitrary item for example, APTT
- the sample that has been analyzed is sent to the return line 205 via the second rack handling mechanism 215 ((g) in FIG. 13) and returned to the sample rack storage unit 203 ((g) in FIG. 13). .
- the operator collects the sample returned to the sample rack storage unit 203, performs incubation for a certain period of time at 37 ° C., installs it again in the sample rack supply unit 202, and performs a delay type measurement.
- immediate measurement and delay measurement can be easily performed by controlling the transport direction of the sample rack.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing a processing flow of the automatic analyzer according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the configuration of the automatic analyzer itself may be the configuration of either the above-described Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, and is replaced by preparing the sample to be measured (creating mixed plasma) in the sample container.
- the point in which normal plasma and test plasma are directly dispensed into a reaction container to prepare a sample to be measured is different from the first and second embodiments.
- normal plasma and test plasma are measured by adding a reagent after being directly dispensed into a reaction vessel, so as in Examples 1 and 2 above, Compared with the method in which normal plasma and test plasma are mixed in separate containers to produce mixed plasma, and then dispensed into the reaction container at the time of measurement, there is less specimen loss.
- the automatic analyzer receives a request for a cross-mixing test via the operation unit 118 (step S301). Thereafter, as in the first and second embodiments described above, the process is the same as in the first embodiment until the pressing of the “start” button shown in FIG. 5 is recognized (step S302).
- the normal plasma ratio setting and analysis item selection / designation by the examination item selection / designation area 127 are designated by the operator as in the first embodiment.
- an area on which the normal plasma ID and the position of the test plasma / normal plasma can be input is provided on the operation screen in addition to the test subject ID.
- the sample ID When reading of the sample ID fails or when the individual identification medium is not attached, the sample ID is recognized by manually inputting in the column of sample ID and position of test plasma / normal plasma on the operation screen of FIG. Is possible.
- analysis can be performed without setting measurement items and measurement conditions.
- step S302 When the start button is pressed (step S302), the specimen dispensing mechanism 101 aspirates normal plasma placed on the specimen disk 102 and dispenses it into the reaction container 104 (step S303). Subsequently, the test plasma is aspirated and dispensed into the reaction container 104 (step S304). Although the procedure for dispensing normal plasma and test plasma in this order is shown here, the order of these steps S303 and S304 may be reversed. In addition, the normal plasma may be sucked and then the test plasma may be sucked without being discharged into the reaction container 104 and discharged together into the reaction container 104.
- step S305 If the measurement is immediate measurement (step S305), the reaction container transport mechanism 112 grips the reaction container and moves to the detection unit 113 (step S306). Thereafter, reagent dispensing (step S307) and detection (step S308) are performed by the reagent dispensing mechanism 106, and the measurement is repeated until measurement of all samples having the normal plasma ratio set on the operation screen shown in FIG. 16 is completed. (S309) After the measurement is completed, an immediate measurement result graph is created (step S310).
- step S305 when the measurement of the reaction container is not an immediate measurement, that is, a delay measurement, the reaction container 104 is moved to the incubator 124 (step S311), and the heating start time is stored. The preparation of all the mixed plasmas having the normal plasma ratio set on the operation screen shown in FIG. 16 (step S312) is repeated, and all the mixed plasmas are incubated. At the stage where the heating end time is reached (step S313), the reaction container transport mechanism 112 grips the reaction container 104 and moves the reaction container 104 to the detection unit 113 (step S314). In this embodiment, since the incubation time can be managed in the automatic analyzer, it is possible to reduce the risk of outputting an erroneous result due to insufficient or excessive incubation time.
- the time is displayed on the operation screen so that it can be seen that the cross-mixing test incubation is being performed. More preferably, it has a function that allows the incubation time to be set flexibly.
- reagent dispensing step S315) and detection (step S316) are performed by the reagent dispensing mechanism 106. It repeats until the measurement of all the prepared samples is completed (step S317), and after completion of the measurement, a graph of the delayed measurement result is created (step S318).
- step S319 the graph of the immediate measurement result obtained in step S310 and the graph of the delay measurement result in step S318 are collated to obtain a final result (step S319).
- normal plasma and test plasma are directly dispensed into the reaction vessel 104, and mixed plasma preparation, incubation, measurement, and measurement result output are performed fully automatically. It is possible to provide a reliable result that does not depend on the proficiency level of the person. Furthermore, it is possible to reduce the burden on the subject by reducing the amount of specimen used for preparation. In the present embodiment, since it is also possible to directly input the position of the sample container filled with normal plasma and test plasma, even in a facility operating without using the sample ID management function Applicable.
- FIG. 17 shows a processing flow of the automatic analyzer of the fourth embodiment according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the automatic analyzer does not perform only the cross-mixing test. Intravascular coagulation syndrome), it is used for tests aimed at confirming the effects of thrombus treatment. That is, when the mixed plasma for the cross-mixing test is subjected to the delayed analysis after the incubation, the mixed plasma for the cross-mixing cannot always be analyzed immediately if the usual analysis requests are crowded. Therefore, the automatic analyzer according to the present embodiment is different from the first to third embodiments in that it has a function of selecting a test priority for each sample classification.
- step S401 When the incubation of the mixed plasma prepared for delayed cross-mixing is completed (step S401), if the apparatus is not in the standby state, the following flow is followed (step S402). It is determined whether or not there is an emergency sample request in the planned items (step S403). If there is no emergency sample request, the process proceeds to step S406, where the delayed cross-mixing test is given priority over the general sample request. Rescheduling is performed so as to implement (step S406). However, when analysis of an urgent sample is requested, the analysis is first performed in the order of an urgent sample, a cross-mixing test, and a general sample. Therefore, during analysis of the urgent sample, mixed plasma for cross-mixing is sent to the incubator 124. , Once waiting (step S404).
- step S405 When the analysis of the urgent sample is completed (step S405), rescheduling is performed so that the delayed cross-mixing test is performed in preference to the request for the general sample (step S406).
- step S401 when the incubation of the mixed plasma prepared for delayed cross-mixing is completed (step S401), if the apparatus is in a standby state, the above scheduling is not necessary and the cross-mixing test is analyzed as follows. Start. First, the mixed plasma prepared for delayed cross-mixing is moved from the incubator 124 to the detection unit 113 (step S407). Subsequently, a reagent is dispensed into the prepared mixed plasma (step S408), and detection (step S409) is performed. The processes from step S407 to step S409 are repeatedly executed until all the analysis of the mixed plasma prepared for the delayed cross mixing is completed. When the analysis of the mixed plasma is completed (step S410), the result of the cross mixing test is calculated and output (step S411).
- step S412 the general sample is analyzed (step S413).
- step S414 the automatic analyzer enters a standby state (step S414). Step S415).
- FIG. 18 is a timing chart showing the operation of the automatic analyzer shown in FIG.
- the automatic analyzer when the automatic analyzer itself accepts a measurement request for a general sample in the standby state, the automatic analyzer enters an operating state for measurement of the general sample.
- the urgent sample measurement process has the highest priority as described above, and then the delayed mixing measurement of the cross-mixing test sample (mixed plasma), the general sample Measurement has the lowest priority. Therefore, priority is given to emergency sample processing.
- the incubation time of the mixed plasma for cross-mixing test is completed while the general sample processing is started again after the completion of the emergency sample processing, the processing of the general sample is temporarily interrupted and the delayed measurement is started. If a measurement request for an urgent sample is received during execution of a delayed measurement, the urgent sample process waits until the delayed measurement is completed even if the priority of the urgent sample process is set high. After the cross-mixing test is completed, the emergency specimen is analyzed.
- the priority is set by the operator setting priorities for each sample in advance, such as interruption processing for general samples and emergency samples. Therefore, the automatic analyzer can execute analysis based on the priorities, and it is possible to reduce human errors such as sample misconception and to operate the automatic analyzer efficiently.
- FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing a process flow of the automatic analyzer according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- the present embodiment is different from the above-described first to fourth embodiments in that reagent management is performed based on the number of mixed plasma samples. Since the configuration other than the reagent management method is the same as that of the first to fourth embodiments, the description thereof is omitted below.
- the cross-mixing test for example, since seven measured values are handled as a set of results, it is necessary to secure reagents of the same lot (preferably the same bottle) for a set of measurements. In particular, when the measurement item is APTT, calibration is not performed. Therefore, the reagents in different lots tend to vary in measurement results.
- the automatic analyzer it is important to secure a reagent capable of performing a set of measurements at least once when an analysis request for a cross mixing test is confirmed.
- the control unit 120 confirms the necessary number of tests (the number of prepared mixed plasmas) and the remaining amount of reagent. That is, it is determined whether or not “the number of mixed plasma samples ⁇ the number of remaining reagent tests” is satisfied (step S502).
- step S502 determines whether the number of mixed plasma samples exceeds the number of remaining reagent tests. If the determination result in step S502 is “No”, that is, if the number of mixed plasma samples exceeds the number of remaining reagent tests, the process proceeds to step S504, and an alarm is displayed on the display unit 118c. If the result of determination in step S502 is that the number of mixed plasma samples is less than or equal to the number of remaining reagent tests, the process proceeds to step S503, and a cross-mixing test is executed (analysis execution).
- the control unit 120 performs control so that the analysis is not performed across the bottles in at least one set of measurements. For example, if the remaining test number of bottle 1 is “3 tests”, the remaining test of bottle 2 is “100 tests”, and the cross-mixing test is a request with 7 points (7 conditions), “number of mixed plasma samples ( (7 bottles) ⁇ reagent remaining test number in bottle 1 ”, the analysis in bottle 1 is canceled and the remaining test number in bottle 2 is collated. In the case of bottle 2, since “the number of mixed plasma samples (7) ⁇ the number of remaining reagent tests in bottle 2”, a cross-mixing test (analysis) is executed. If there is no reagent bottle that can be analyzed, a system alarm is output to cancel the analysis start (step S504).
- FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing a process flow of the automatic analyzer according to the sixth embodiment according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the method for preparing mixed plasma is different from those in Examples 1 to 5 described above.
- the configuration of the automatic analyzer and the flow of a general coagulation test are the same as those in the first embodiment or the second embodiment, the redundant description is omitted below.
- the sample preparation method the same points as in Example 1 will be simplified as much as possible.
- Example 1 and Example 2 described above as shown in FIG. 5, the necessary normal plasma volume and test plasma volume are displayed on the display unit 118c, and the risk of sample shortage occurring in the middle by notifying the operator. It was set as the structure which avoids. However, in the unlikely event that the normal plasma volume and / or the test plasma volume is insufficient due to an operator's mistake, the sample shortage occurs during the preparation, and the sample during the preparation is wasted. Therefore, in the automatic analyzer of this embodiment, even if normal plasma and / or test plasma to be prepared as described above is insufficient, effective measurement can be performed without wasting the sample. Make it possible.
- the analysis operation control unit 120a executes the following process. That is, the analysis operation control unit 120a calculates the normal plasma volume and the test plasma volume necessary for the measurement, determines the normal plasma volume and the test plasma volume that are different for each condition, and performs the operation of the sample dispensing mechanism 101. Control. Subsequently, when the “start” button on the operation screen shown in FIG. 5 is pressed, the analysis operation control unit 120a recognizes the pressing of the “start” button (step S602). Subsequently, the presence or absence of an empty sample container is confirmed (step S603).
- step S604 it is determined whether or not the number of empty sample containers obtained by executing step S603 is greater than or equal to N (N is a natural number).
- N is set to, for example, 7 that are the number of empty sample containers corresponding to the normal plasma ratio set on the operation screen shown in FIG. If the required number of empty sample containers is not installed at a predetermined position as a result of the determination, sample preparation is stopped and a system alarm is displayed on the display unit 118c (step S605). On the other hand, as a result of the determination, if an empty sample container is installed at a predetermined position, the process proceeds to step S606, and the plasma level is checked by the liquid level detection function of the sample dispensing mechanism 101.
- FIG. 21 shows a display example of the operation screen at the time of the cross mixing test request of the present embodiment.
- the cross mixing test measurement request screen has an area in which the priority of the normal plasma ratio can be selected.
- the priorities set in the priority setting area have a relationship of “priority 1> priority 2> priority 3”.
- the normal plasma ratio is 0%, 50%, and 100% priority 1; the normal plasma ratio is 10% and 20% priority 2; and the normal plasma ratio is 80% and 90% priority.
- step S607 the whether normal plasma volume is X N or more, and the test plasma volume whether or Y N.
- X N in the example shown in FIG. 22, a 700 [mu] L
- Y N is likewise 700 [mu] L.
- step S608 in order to change the number of measurement points, the priority set for each normal plasma ratio stored in the storage unit 119 is referred to, the condition corresponding to the priority 3 is excluded, and the plasma volume is recalculated. Execute. In step S609, it is determined whether or not “normal plasma volume ⁇ (X N ⁇ X P3 )” and “test plasma volume ⁇ (Y N ⁇ Y P3 )” are satisfied.
- the normal plasma volume (X N -X P3 ) measured under conditions excluding priority 3 is 360 ⁇ L
- the test plasma volume (Y N -Y when measured under conditions excluding priority 3 ) P3 ) is 640 ⁇ L (FIG. 23).
- step S610 if one or both of “normal plasma volume ⁇ (X N ⁇ X P3 )” and “test plasma volume ⁇ (Y N ⁇ Y P3 )” does not satisfy the condition, the process proceeds to step S610. move on. On the other hand, if the condition is satisfied as a result of the determination, the process proceeds to step S613.
- step S610 recalculation of plasma volume is performed when measurement is performed under the condition in which only priority 1 is set, that is, the condition in which priority 2 and priority 3 are excluded.
- a normal plasma volume of 300 ⁇ L and a test plasma volume of 300 ⁇ L are obtained as the plasma volume after recalculation (FIG. 24).
- the process proceeds to step S611, and it is determined whether or not “normal plasma volume ⁇ (X N ⁇ X P3 ⁇ X P2 )” and “test plasma volume ⁇ (Y N ⁇ Y P3 ⁇ Y P2 )” are satisfied.
- step S612 a system alarm is output to the display unit 118c, and the preparation of the mixed plasma is stopped.
- step S613 a system alarm is output to the display unit 118c, and the preparation of the mixed plasma is stopped.
- step S613 the analysis operation control unit 120a controls the sample dispensing mechanism 101 and the reagent dispensing mechanism 106 to start dispensing normal plasma and test plasma.
- dispensing of normal plasma and test plasma is the same as that of the above-mentioned Example 1, description is abbreviate
- the analysis operation control unit 120a controls the stirring mechanism 126 to perform stirring of the mixed plasma (step S615). After mixed plasma agitation, the analysis is performed.
- the priority is set to three levels has been described as an example. However, the priority is not limited to this, and the priority can be arbitrarily set.
- the normal plasma volume and / or test plasma volume required for the measurement corresponding to the initially set normal plasma ratio is not achieved. Even so, an effective cross-mixing measurement result can be obtained.
- this invention is not limited to the above-mentioned Example, Various modifications are included.
- the above-described embodiments have been described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and are not necessarily limited to those having all the configurations described.
- a part of the configuration of one embodiment can be replaced with the configuration of another embodiment, and the configuration of another embodiment can be added to the configuration of one embodiment.
- DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 ... Automatic analyzer, 101 ... Sample dispensing mechanism, 101a ... Sample dispensing probe, 102 ... Sample disk, 103 ... Sample container, 104 ... Reaction container, 105 ... Sample syringe pump 106: Reagent dispensing mechanism 106a ... Reagent dispensing probe 107 ... Reagent disc 108: Reagent container 108a ... Reagent 109: Reagent rising Temperature mechanism, 110 ... Reagent syringe pump, 111 ... Reaction container stock section, 112 ... Reaction container transport mechanism, 113 ... Detection unit, 114 ... Reaction container installation section, 115 ... Light source, 116...
- Detecting unit (light receiving unit), 117... Reaction container discarding unit, 118... Operating unit, 118 a. ⁇ Storage unit, 120... Control unit, 120a... Analytical operation control unit, 120b... Operation unit, 121... A / D converter, 122. ..Incubator, 125... Reading unit, 126... Stirring mechanism, 127... Examination item selection / designation area, 201... Sample rack, 202.
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Abstract
Description
一方で、治療においては、血液凝固時間の延長原因が欠損型なのか、インヒビター型なのかによって治療方針が異なるため、その原因を明確にすることが必要である。
ところで、APTTは、血液凝固検査を実施しているほとんどの施設で実施可能である主要項目であるにもかかわらず、現状ではクロスミキシングテストが頻繁に実施されているとは言い難い。施設内で実施できずに外部委託先に検査を依頼する場合には、結果を受け取るまでに時間を要し、血友病などの重篤な疾患に対する発見と治療開始の遅れにつながる。このような状況を生じさせる理由は、検体の調製とインキュベーション作業が煩雑であり、その結果の解釈も明瞭でないため、検査者の熟練を要するためである。
従って、クロスミキシングテストでは即時反応及び遅延反応の両方を測定することが推奨されている。
以下、図面を用いて本発明の実施例について説明する。
自動分析装置100は、検体分注機構101、検体ディスク102、試薬分注機構106、試薬ディスク107、反応容器ストック部111、反応容器搬送機構112、検出ユニット113、反応容器廃棄部117、操作部118、記憶部119及び制御部120から概略構成されている。
また、試薬分注機構106は、試薬昇温機構109を内蔵する。試薬分注機構106によって吸引された試薬の温度は、制御部120により制御される試薬昇温機構109によって適温(所定の温度)へ昇温される。
すなわち、分析動作制御部120aは、検体分注機構101及び検体ディスク102を制御し検体分注を行う。また、分析動作制御部120aは、試薬分注機構106及び試薬ディスク107を制御し、反応容器104内の検体へ試薬を吐出する。更に、分析動作制御部120aは、反応容器104の移動、反応容器104の廃棄等の自動分析装置の動作を制御する。
演算部120bは、検体と試薬との混合反応の程度に応じて時間変化する光強度の測定値から得られるシグナル値と、予め定めた判定閾値との比較結果に基づいて、検体の反応時間を測定する測定処理を実施するものである。算出された凝固時間は、表示部118cに出力されるとともに、記憶部119に記憶される。なお、算出結果としての凝固時間を、インタフェース122を介してプリンタ123に印字出力しても良い。
反応容器搬送機構112は、測定が終了した反応容器104を把持し、反応容器廃棄部117へ廃棄する。
なお、処理能力を向上させる目的で、測定開始試薬を添加する前の検体を加温しておく、検出器を有さないインキュベーター124を備える構成としても良い。
まず、自動分析装置100は、クロスミキシングテストの依頼を受け付ける(ステップS101)。依頼の受け付け方法には、ホストコンピューターを利用したネットワークシステムを介して受信する方式と、操作者が操作部118から測定依頼することによって、入力されるクロスミキシングテスト測定依頼を受け付ける方式がある。以下では、操作画面を介して測定依頼が入力される場合を一例として説明する。
また、ホストコンピューターを利用したネットワークシステムから依頼を受け付ける場合には、測定項目や測定条件の設定をすることなく分析が可能である。
ここで、正常血漿の分注動作について説明する。時計回り及び反時計回りに回転する検体ディスク102の回転により、正常血漿が充填された検体容器103aを分注ポジションに移動し、検体分注機構101が正常血漿を吸引する(図6)。図6に示す例では、検体ディスク102が反時計回りにステップ状に回転する場合を示しており、その各ステップにおける移動距離は、相互に隣接配置される2つの検体容器103のピッチに相当する。これにより、読取部125により検体容器103に貼付されたバーコードが上述のように読み取られ、検体IDが識別された後、検体ディスク102の回転方向に沿って、読取部125より前方に位置する検体分注機構101の直下(検体分注ポジション)に位置付けられる。すなわち、各検体容器103は、常に、読取部125により検体IDが識別された後、分注ポジションに位置付けられる。
なお、ステップS106及びステップS108にて、検体分注機構101を構成する検体分注プローブ101aより、各検体容器103c~103iへの正常血漿及び被検血漿の吐出量は、例えば、図4にて示した操作画面により設定された正常血漿比率に対応する。
図3に戻り、ステップS110では、図9に示すように、攪拌機構126の直下に位置付けられた検体容器103c内に分注された正常血漿及び被検血漿の混合血漿を、攪拌機構126により撹拌する。ここで、攪拌機構126は、例えば、図9に示すように、先端に設けられた攪拌翼或いはへら状の棒を、検体容器103c内の混合血漿に浸潤させて回転することにより実行される。なお、攪拌機構126は、攪拌翼或いはへら状の棒を回転させる方式に限られない。例えば、検体容器内の混合血漿に超音波を照射し攪拌する構成としても良い。また、これに替えて、検体ディスク102を正逆反転(時計回り、反時計回りに)回動させる構成、或いは、検体分注プローブ101aから検体容器103へ正常血漿又は被検血漿を吐出する際の吐出圧、すなわち、検体用シリンジポンプ105の吐出圧により混合血漿を攪拌するよう構成しても良い。
また、操作者の負担が軽減され、迅速に結果を得ることが可能となる。
更にまた、被検血漿と正常血漿とを所定の混合比にて得られる混合血漿の調製を自動化可能とする自動分析装置及び自動分析方法を実現できる。
以下では、実施例1と大きく異なる検体の供給方法について詳細に説明する。
本実施例の自動分析装置において、搬送ライン204に沿って配置される分析部210の搬送系は、検体に対する分析依頼情報を照合するための第2読取部(分析部)211、搬送ライン204から検体ラック201を受け取る第1ラックハンドリング機構212、分注開始まで検体ラック201を待機させ得る機能を備える、検体ラック201の検体容器内の検体分注を実施する分注ライン213、クロスミキシング用混合血漿の調製時に検体ラック201を退避させる退避エリア214、及び検体分注後の検体ラック201を帰還ライン205に搬送する第2ラックハンドリング機構215を備える。
操作部118を介して分析依頼が受け付けられると、検体ラック供給部202に並べられた検体ラック201は、図12において、矢印(a)にて示すように、搬送ライン204に移載された後、検体ラック201及び検体ラック201に収容される検体容器に貼付された個体識別媒体(例えば、バーコード等)は、第1読取部(搬送ライン)209により読み取られ、検体ラック番号及び検体容器番号が認識される(図12中の矢印(b))。その後、第1読取部(搬送ライン)209により読み取られた検体は、分注ライン213に検体ラック201があれば、検体ラック待機部206に収容されて分析を待つ(図12中の矢印(c))。分注ライン213の検体の分注が終了した段階で待機していた検体ラック201は,分析部210に送られ、第2読取部(分析部)211にて検体ラック番号及び検体容器番号が認識される(図12中の(d))。続いて、第1ラックハンドリング機構)212を介して、分注ライン213に引き込まれ(図12中の(e))、検体分注機構101によって検体が分注される。このとき、分注ライン213に検体ラック201がなければ、検体ラック待機部206へ収容されることなく直接、分注ライン213に搬送される。
操作部118から分析依頼が受け付けられると、検体ラック供給部202に並べられた検体ラック201は、搬送ライン204に移載された後(図13中の矢印(a))、検体ラック201及び検体ラック201に収容される検体容器に貼付された個体識別媒体(例えば、バーコード)が、第1読取部(搬送ライン)209により読み取られ、検体ラック番号及び検体容器番号が認識される(図13中の(b))。第1読取部(搬送ライン)209によりクロスミキシングテストの依頼が確認された場合には、正常血漿、被検血漿及び空検体容器が収容された検体ラック201が全て照合され、かつ、分注ライン213に分析中の検体がなくなるまで、ラック待機部206に収容されて分析を待つ(図13中の矢印(c))。このとき、被検血漿、正常血漿及び空検体容器を収容する検体ラックが全て同一の検体ラックに収容されていても、二つ以上の検体ラックにまたがって収容されていても良い。
ここで、被検血漿量、正常血漿量、及び空検体容器が正しく設置されていない場合は、第1ラックハンドリング機構212を介して一旦搬送ライン204に戻された後、第2ラックハンドリング機構215を介して、帰還ライン205へ搬送され、検体ラック収納部203に戻されると、システムアラームを出力して、検体調製を中止する。
こでは、正常血漿、被検血漿の順に分注する手順を示したが、これらステップS303とS304の順番は逆でも良い。また、正常血漿を吸引後、反応容器104に吐出することなく被検血漿を吸引し、反応容器104にまとめて吐出しても良い。
また、本実施例では、正常血漿及び被検血漿が充填された検体容器のポジションを直接入力することも可能な構成であることから、検体ID管理機能を用いないで運用している施設においても適用できる。
まず、遅延型クロスミキシング用に調製した混合血漿をインキュベーター124から検出ユニット113へ移動させる(ステップS407)。続いて、調製した混合血漿に対し試薬を分注し(ステップS408)、検出(ステップS409)を行う。遅延型クロスミキシング用に調製した混合血漿の全ての分析が終了するまで、ステップS407~ステップS409までの処理を繰り返し実行する。混合血漿の分析が完了すると(ステップS410)、クロスミキシングテストの結果を算出し出力する(ステップS411)。
クロスミキシングテストでは、例えば、7つの測定値を一組の結果として扱うことから、一組の測定に対して同一ロット(好ましくは同一ボトル)の試薬を確保する必要がある。特に、測定項目がAPTTの場合にはキャリブレーションを実施しないため、ロットの異なる試薬では、測定結果にばらつきが生じやすい。また、同一ロットであっても装置内でしばらく保存されていた試薬容器(試薬ボトル)内の試薬と新規に開封した試薬容器(試薬ボトル)の試薬では、ばらつきが生じやすい。そこで本実施例の自動分析装置では、クロスミキシングテストの分析依頼を確認した場合には、少なくとも一回、一組の測定を実施することができる試薬を確保することが重要である。図19に示すように、即時型の分析依頼を受け付けると(ステップS501)、制御部120は、必要なテスト数(調製した混合血漿数)と試薬残量の確認を実行する。すなわち、「混合血漿検体数≦試薬残テスト数」の関係にあるか否かを判定する(ステップS502)。ステップS502による判定結果が「否」、すなわち、混合血漿検体数が試薬残テスト数を上回る場合、ステップS504へ進み、アラームを表示部118cに表示する。また、ステップS502による判定の結果、混合血漿検体数が試薬残テスト数以下の場合、ステップS503へ進み、クロスミキシングテストを実行(分析実行)する。
続いて、図5に示す操作画面上の「スタート」ボタンが押下されると、分析動作制御部120aは、この「スタート」ボタンの押下を認識する(ステップS602)。続いて、空検体容器の有無を確認する(ステップS603)。空検体容器有無の確認方法については、図3のステップS103の処理(実施例1)と同様である。
ステップS604では、ステップS603の実行により得られた空検体容器数がN(Nは自然数)以上であるか否かを判定する。なお、ここでNは、例えば、図5に示す操作画面上で設定された正常血漿比率に対応する空検体容器数である7個が設定される。判定の結果、空検体容器が所定のポジションに必要個数設置されていない場合は、検体調製を中止し、システムアラームを表示部118cに表示する(ステップS605)。一方、判定の結果、所定のポジションに空検体容器が設置されている場合には、ステップS606へ進み、血漿量のチェックを、検体分注機構101の液面検知機能により実行する。
また、図22から図24に、各正常血漿比率に対応する正常血漿量及び被検血漿量の関係を示している。図22に示すように、正常血漿比率が、0、10、20、50、80、90、100%の7条件で、それぞれ200μLの混合血漿を作製し、クロスミキシングテストを実施する場合には、正常血漿、被検血漿はそれぞれ700μL以上必要となる。ここで、仮に、いずれか一方または両方が必要量に満たない場合でも、少ない血漿量でも有効な分析結果を得る方法について説明する。
ステップS608では、測定ポイント数を変更するために、記憶部119に格納される各正常血漿比率に設定された優先度を参照し、優先度3に対応する条件を除外し血漿量の再演算を実行する。ステップS609では、「正常血漿量≧(XN-XP3)」及び「被検血漿量≧(YN-YP3)」を満たすか否かを判定する。ここで、優先度3を除外した条件で測定する際の正常血漿量(XN-XP3)は、360μL、優先度3を除外した条件で測定する際の被検血漿量(YN-YP3)は、640μLである(図23)。判定の結果、「正常血漿量≧(XN-XP3)」及び「被検血漿量≧(YN-YP3)」のうち、何れか一方又は両方が条件を満たさない場合、ステップS610へ進む。一方、判定の結果、上記条件を満たす場合には、ステップS613へ進む。
次に、ステップS611へ進み、「正常血漿量≧(XN-XP3-XP2)」及び「被検
血漿量≧(YN-YP3-YP2)」を満たすか否か判定する。判定の結果、正常血漿量
≧(XN-XP3-XP2)」及び「被検血漿量≧(YN-YP3-YP2)」のうち、
何れか一方又は両方が条件を満たさない場合、ステップS612へ進み、表示部118cへシステムアラームを出力し、混合血漿の調製を中止する。一方、判定の結果、上記条件を満たす場合には、ステップS613へ進む。
図20では、優先度を3段階に設定する場合を例に説明したが、これに限られものでは無く、優先度は任意に設定可能である。
Claims (20)
- 被検血漿及び/又は前記被検血漿の凝固時間を補正するため添加する正常血漿を、複数の検体容器へ分注する検体分注機構と、
前記検体容器内で、前記被検血漿のみ、前記正常血漿のみ、及び少なくとも1つの混合比にて前記被検血漿及び正常血漿を混合する混合血漿を調製し、前記調製された前記被検血漿、前記正常血漿及び前記混合血漿が前記検体分注機構により分注される反応容器と、
前記反応容器へ試薬を分注する試薬分注機構と、
前記反応容器内の試薬が添加された前記被検血漿、正常血漿及び/又は混合血漿に光源からの光を照射し、得られる散乱光及び/又は透過光に基づき凝固時間を測定する測定部と、を備えることを特徴とする自動分析装置。 - 請求項1に記載の自動分析装置において、
前記被検血漿、前記正常血漿及び前記混合血漿を、環状に相互に離間し収容する検体ディスクを有することを特徴とする自動分析装置。 - 請求項1に記載の自動分析装置においいて、
前記被検血漿、前記正常血漿及び前記混合血漿を収容するための検体ラックと、
複数の前記検体ラックを収容する検体ラック供給部と、
前記検体ラックを前記検体ラック供給部より前記測定部へ搬送する搬送ラインと、
前記測定部より前記検体ラックを検体ラック収納部へ搬送する帰還ラインと、
を備えることを特徴とする自動分析装置。 - 請求項1に記載の自動分析装置において、
前記被検血漿、前記正常血漿及び前記混合血漿に対し、測定部を介して得られる凝固時間をグラフ化し表示する表示部を有することを特徴とする自動分析装置。 - 請求項4に記載の自動分析装置において、
前記混合血漿を収容する各反応容器を、所定の温度で所定時間加温するインキュベーターを備えることを特徴とする自動分析装置。 - 請求項5に記載の自動分析装置において、
前記各反応容器に収容され前記所定時間加温された前記被検血漿、前記正常血漿及び前記混合血漿に、前記試薬分注機構により試薬を分注し、前記測定部により凝固時間を測定することを特徴とする自動分析装置。 - 請求項4に記載の自動分析装置において、
前記検体分注機構による、前記被検血漿のみ、前記正常血漿のみ、及び前記少なくとも1の混合比にて調製された前記混合血漿を収容する異なる反応容器に、前記試薬分注機構により試薬を分注し、前記測定部により凝固時間を測定することを特徴とする自動分析装置。 - 請求項4に記載の自動分析装置において、
前記被検血漿、前記正常血漿及び前記混合血漿に対し、個別識別媒体を用いて前記被検血漿、前記正常血漿及び前記混合血漿の情報を管理することを特徴とする自動分析装置。 - 請求項4に記載の自動分析装置において、
被検血漿量、正常血漿量、空の検体容器を予め確認する液面検知機構を有することを特徴とする自動分析装置。 - 請求項9に記載の自動分析装置において、
前記被検血漿のみ、前記正常血漿のみ及び異なる複数の混合比を有する混合血漿に対し、予め優先度を設定し、
前記被検血漿量及び/又は前記正常血漿量の不足が予測される場合には、前記設定された優先度に基づき、前記凝固時間測定すべき、前記被検血漿、前記正常血漿及び前記混合血漿の組み合わせを決定することを特徴とする自動分析装置。 - 請求項4に記載の自動分析装置において、
測定対象試薬の残量を試薬容器毎に管理し、前記混合血漿の数に応じて使用する試薬容器を制御することを特徴とする自動分析装置。 - 請求項4に記載の自動分析装置において、
前記測定部は、迅速性の高い検体の測定を優先して実行することを特徴とする自動分析装置。 - 請求項12に記載の自動分析装置において、
予め、緊急検体、一般検体、及び前記凝固時間を測定するための前記混合血漿を含む検体に優先度を設定する操作部を有することを特徴とする自動分析装置。 - 請求項10又は請求項13に記載の自動分析装置において、
前記各優先度を記憶する記憶部と、
前記記憶部に記憶された優先度に基づき対応する検体を、検体ディスク又は搬送ラインを介して前記測定部に搬送するよう制御する制御部と、
を備えることを特徴とする自動分析装置。 - 少なくとも、検体分注機構と試薬分注機構及び測定部を有する自動分析装置の自動分析方法であって、
前記検体分注機構により、被検血漿及び/又は前記被検血漿の凝固時間を補正するため添加する正常血漿を、複数の検体容器へ分注し、
前記検体容器内で、前記被検血漿のみ、前記正常血漿のみ、及び少なくとも1つの混合比にて前記被検血漿及び正常血漿を混合する混合血漿を調製し、
前記調製された前記被検血漿、前記正常血漿及び前記混合血漿を反応容器に収容すると共に、前記試薬分注機構により前記反応容器へ試薬を分注し、
前記反応容器内の試薬が添加された前記被検血漿、正常血漿及び/又は混合血漿に、光源からの光を照射し、得られる散乱光及び/又は透過光に基づき凝固時間を測定することを特徴とする自動分析方法。 - 請求項15に記載の自動分析方法において、
前記被検血漿、前記正常血漿及び前記混合血漿毎に得られる凝固時間をグラフ化し、表示部に表示することを特徴とする自動分析方法。 - 請求項16に記載の自動分析方法において、
前記被検血漿、前記正常血漿及び前記混合血漿を収容する各反応容器を、所定の温度で所定時間加温し、
所定時間加温後の反応容器に試薬を分注し、凝固時間を測定することを特徴とする自動分析方法。 - 請求項16に記載の自動分析方法において、
前記被検血漿のみ、前記正常血漿のみ及び異なる複数の混合比を有する混合血漿に対し、予め優先度を設定し、
前記設定された優先度に基づき、前記凝固時間測定すべき、前記被検血漿、前記正常血漿及び前記混合血漿の組み合わせを決定することを特徴とする自動分析方法。 - 請求項16に記載の自動分析方法において、
予め、緊急検体、一般検体、及び前記凝固時間を測定するための前記混合血漿を含む検体に優先度を設定し、
前記設定された優先度に応じて分析する順番を変更することを特徴とする自動分析方法。 - 被検血漿のみ、正常血漿のみ、及び少なくとも1つの混合比にて前記被検血漿及び正常血漿を混合する混合血漿を、それぞれ収容する複数の検体容器と、
前記各検体容器に付され、当該検体容器に収容される検体を識別する情報を格納する個体識別媒体と、
前記個体識別媒体に格納される情報を読み取る読み取り部と、
前記複数の検体容器から、それぞれ、前記被検血漿のみ、正常血漿のみ、及び混合血漿を反応容器へ分注する検体分注機構と、
前記反応容器へ試薬を分注する試薬分注機構と、
前記反応容器内の試薬が添加された前記被検血漿、正常血漿及び混合血漿に光源からの光を照射し、得られる散乱光及び/又は透過光に基づき凝固時間を測定する測定部と、
前記混合血漿の混合直後に、前記測定部により得られる前記被検血漿、正常血漿及び混合血漿の測定結果に基づき、前記混合比と前記凝固時間との関係を示す即時型のグラフを作成すると共に、前記混合血漿の混合から所定時間経過後に、前記測定部により得られる前記被検血漿、正常血漿及び混合血漿の測定結果に基づき、前記混合比と前記凝固時間との関係を示す遅延型のグラフを作成する演算部と、
前記個別識別媒体に格納される情報に基づき、同一検体群の前記即時型及び前記遅延型のグラフを重ねて表示する表示部と、を備えることを特徴とする自動分析装置。
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CN115112911A (zh) | 2022-09-27 |
CN107430139A (zh) | 2017-12-01 |
JP2022058965A (ja) | 2022-04-12 |
JP7218458B2 (ja) | 2023-02-06 |
CN115407072A (zh) | 2022-11-29 |
CN115128290A (zh) | 2022-09-30 |
EP4220179A2 (en) | 2023-08-02 |
JP2019215357A (ja) | 2019-12-19 |
JP7193564B2 (ja) | 2022-12-20 |
CN115144603A (zh) | 2022-10-04 |
EP3273250A4 (en) | 2018-12-05 |
US20240192234A1 (en) | 2024-06-13 |
CN115144601A (zh) | 2022-10-04 |
US10746748B2 (en) | 2020-08-18 |
JP6564849B2 (ja) | 2019-09-04 |
CN115144602A (zh) | 2022-10-04 |
CN115112910A (zh) | 2022-09-27 |
JPWO2016152305A1 (ja) | 2017-11-16 |
EP4220179A3 (en) | 2023-08-09 |
EP3273250A1 (en) | 2018-01-24 |
US20180080948A1 (en) | 2018-03-22 |
US20200326353A1 (en) | 2020-10-15 |
EP4220179B1 (en) | 2024-08-21 |
EP4425145A2 (en) | 2024-09-04 |
US11946941B2 (en) | 2024-04-02 |
JP6847173B2 (ja) | 2021-03-24 |
JP2023022294A (ja) | 2023-02-14 |
JP2021099360A (ja) | 2021-07-01 |
EP3273250B1 (en) | 2023-04-05 |
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