WO2016138802A1 - 纤维素为原料制备生物质石墨烯的方法 - Google Patents
纤维素为原料制备生物质石墨烯的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016138802A1 WO2016138802A1 PCT/CN2016/071540 CN2016071540W WO2016138802A1 WO 2016138802 A1 WO2016138802 A1 WO 2016138802A1 CN 2016071540 W CN2016071540 W CN 2016071540W WO 2016138802 A1 WO2016138802 A1 WO 2016138802A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/182—Graphene
- C01B32/184—Preparation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/04—Sulfides
- B01J27/043—Sulfides with iron group metals or platinum group metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
- B01J27/26—Cyanides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/128—Halogens; Compounds thereof with iron group metals or platinum group metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B15/00—Preparation of other cellulose derivatives or modified cellulose, e.g. complexes
- C08B15/08—Fractionation of cellulose, e.g. separation of cellulose crystallites
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/65—Raman scattering
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for preparing graphene, and more particularly to a method for preparing biomass graphene using cellulose as a raw material.
- Biomass is a natural cellulose source that is considered to be the most valuable and abundant renewable resource on the planet.
- the annual yield of natural cellulosic biomass exceeds 700 million tons, with corn cobs and orange stalks accounting for more than 30%.
- Biomass is rich in nutritive value and useful chemical ingredients. Although it is widely used in industry, agriculture and animal husbandry, more than 50% of biomass is still not used.
- China lacks comprehensive measures for the effective use of biomass (corn kernels and orange stalks, etc.), which often causes serious air pollution, which is also the result of frequent smog and fine particles with a diameter less than PM2.5 in the air. An important factor that is high.
- China is at the forefront of the world in the deep processing of biomass, it has already made a successful road in the development, development and comprehensive utilization of plant orange stalks. However, if the unreasonable use of biomass is eliminated, it will also cause secondary pollution to the environment.
- graphene materials have been widely used in the energy environment, mainly due to the large surface area and excellent electron conduction characteristics of two-dimensional graphene, and can also be used as additives for resins and rubbers. , can improve the physical properties of such materials to meet the needs of different fields.
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- the other is reduction of graphite oxide.
- Graphene produced by the CVD method is suitable for use as an electronic device, but usually requires harsh reaction conditions, expensive equipment, long cycle, low yield, and is not suitable for large-scale applications similar to those in the field of electrode materials.
- the amount of strong oxidizing agent (concentrated sulfuric acid, potassium permanganate, etc.) required for the reduction of the graphite oxide method is several tens of times that of the graphite raw material, resulting in serious environmental pollution. Production costs remain high, which greatly limits the process of industrialization.
- the existing graphene preparation method has the problems of complicated process, poor production safety, high production cost, complicated equipment required for reaction, harsh reaction conditions, low yield, and the like, and thus is difficult to industrialize. Therefore, the inventors have been studying alternatives that can overcome the above obstacles and allow the formation of high quality graphene.
- the method creatively proposes a method for preparing biomass graphene by using cellulose as a raw material. The method has simple preparation process, low cost, high output, strong production safety, controllable product size and physical properties, and can realize industrial production.
- One of the objects of the present invention is to solve the problems of complicated preparation process of existing graphene, poor production safety, high production cost, complicated equipment required for reaction, harsh reaction conditions, and low yield.
- Step 1 Preparing a catalyst solution: adding the catalyst to distilled water, stirring for 10 to 30 minutes, obtaining a uniform catalyst solution, wherein the ratio of the solute to the solvent in the catalyst solution is 2: 100 ⁇ 3
- Step 2 Preparation of precursor: Biomass cellulose is added to the catalyst solution obtained in the first step, stirred for l ⁇ 4h, then deoxidized and dried at high temperature to obtain a precursor, wherein cellulose The mass ratio to the solvent is 3 : 100 ⁇ 40 : 100;
- Step 3 heat treatment: pre-carbonization: the precursor obtained in the second step is placed in a nitrogen, argon or hydrogen atmosphere, heated to a temperature of 220 to 650 ° C at a temperature of 10 to 20 ° C / min , pre-carbonization for l ⁇ 6h; secondary carbonization: heating at a heating rate of 5 ⁇ 16 ° C / min to 900 ⁇ 1650 ° C heat treatment pre-carbonization product 4 ⁇ 15h, the precursor prepared in the second step is carried out Secondary carbonization treatment;
- Step 4 acid treatment, water washing and drying: the product obtained in the third step is treated with an acid, centrifuged and then washed with distilled water until neutral, and then dried at 80 to 110 ° C to obtain graphite. Alkene.
- the cellulose is from corn cob, corn stalk, sorghum stalk, soybean stalk, bulrush
- one or more kinds of cellulose extracted from coconut shells and palm shells are included in coconut shells and palm shells.
- the catalyst is one or a mixture of FeCl 2 , FeCl 3 , K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] or K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ].
- the stirring time is 13-25 min; the ratio of the solute to the solvent in the catalyst solution is 3 : 100 ⁇ 25 : 100.
- the stirring time is 15-20 min; in the catalyst solution
- the ratio of solute to solvent is 4 : 100 ⁇ 15 : 100.
- the stirring enthalpy described in the second step is 2 to 3 h
- the reaction conditions for deoxidation at the high temperature are: 110 to 205 ⁇ reaction 6 to 161 or the microwave intensity is 3 to 91 ⁇ ⁇
- the temperature is 110 ⁇ 170 °C
- the reaction is 5min ⁇ 2h.
- reaction condition of the deoxidation at the high temperature in the second step is: 120 ⁇ 180 ° C reaction 8 ⁇ 1
- the pre-carbonization treatment condition in the third step is: heating to 300 ⁇ 450 ° C at a heating rate of ll ⁇ 16 ° C / min, pre-carbonizing the precursor obtained in the second step 2 ⁇ 5h;
- the secondary carbonization treatment condition is: heating at a heating rate of 5 to 12 ° C / min to 1000 to 1550 ° C heat treatment pre-carbonization product 5 to 10 h.
- the pre-carbonization treatment condition in the third step is: heating to 330 ⁇ 420 ° C at a heating rate of 12 to 16 ° C / min, pre-carbonizing the precursor obtained in the second step 2 ⁇ 4h;
- the secondary carbonization treatment condition is: heating at a heating rate of 6 to 10 ° C / min to 1050 ⁇ 1450 ° C heat treatment pre-carbonization product 5 ⁇ 8h.
- the acid used in the acid treatment in the step 4 is one or more of sulfuric acid, perchloric acid or nitric acid; and the drying temperature is 90-105 °C.
- the use of cellulose extracted from a wide range of inexpensive biomass as a carbon source for the preparation of graphene reduces production costs while increasing yield.
- the yield of graphene is above 99%.
- the method of the invention has the advantages of uniform size of graphene, single or multi-layer two-dimensional layer structure, size of 0.5 ⁇ 2 ⁇ , electrical conductivity of 25000 ⁇ 45000S/m, wide application range; applicable to fuel cells, large In the fields of capacitors, fuel cells, etc., it can also be used as an additive for resins and rubbers.
- the raw material used in the invention is green, non-toxic, mild in reaction conditions, high in production safety, and easy to realize industrial production.
- 1 is a schematic view showing a process flow for preparing graphene in the present invention
- 2 is a transmission electron micrograph of graphene prepared in Example 12;
- FIG. 3 is a Raman spectrum of graphene prepared in Example 12.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a process flow for preparing graphene in the present invention.
- Example 1 The method for preparing biomass graphene from cellulose as the raw material in the present embodiment is completed by the following steps:
- Step 1 Preparation of a catalyst solution: 18g of FeCl 2 was added to 100ml of distilled water, stirred for 25min, a uniform catalyst solution was obtained, wherein the ratio of solute to solvent in the catalyst solution was 18: 100;
- Step two preparing a precursor: adding cellulose to the catalyst solution obtained in the first step, stirring
- Step 3 heat treatment: pre-carbonization: the precursor obtained in the second step is placed in a nitrogen, argon or hydrogen atmosphere, heated to 280 ° C at a heating rate of 10 ° C / min, The precursor obtained in the second step is pre-carbonized for 3 hours; the secondary carbonization is further heated to a temperature of 10 ° C / min to a heat treatment rate of 1050 ° C for 6 h, and the precursor prepared in the second step is subjected to secondary carbonization treatment. ;
- Step 4 Acid treatment, water washing and drying: The product obtained in the third step is treated with an acid, centrifuged, washed with distilled water until neutral, and then dried at 105 ° C; that is, graphene is obtained.
- the transmission electron micrograph of the graphene prepared in this Example 1 was similar to that of the transmission electron micrograph of Example 12, as shown in FIG.
- the Raman spectrum of the graphene prepared in this Example 1 is similar to the Raman spectrum of the graphene prepared in Example 12, as shown in Fig. 3.
- the graphene is uniform in size, has a single layer or a multilayer two-dimensional layer structure, and the size is 0.5 ⁇ 2 ⁇ , the electrical conductivity is 25000 ⁇ 45000S/cm or more; the yield of graphene in this embodiment is 99.9% or more.
- Example 2 This example differs from Example 1 in that the cellulose described in the first step is cellulose extracted from soybean stalk biomass.
- the transmission electron micrograph of the graphene prepared in Example 2 was similar to that of the transmission electron micrograph of Example 12, as shown in FIG.
- the Raman spectrum of the graphene prepared in this Example 2 is similar to the Raman spectrum of the graphene prepared in Example 12, as shown in Fig. 3.
- the graphene has uniform dimensions, and has a single layer or a multilayer two-dimensional layer structure, and the size is
- the electrical conductivity is 25,000 to 45,000 S/cm or more; the yield of graphene in the present embodiment is 99.9% or more.
- Example 3 This example differs from Example 2 in that the catalyst described in the first step is a mixture of FeCl 2 and FeCl 3 .
- the transmission electron micrograph of the graphene prepared in Example 3 was similar to that of the transmission electron micrograph of Example 12, as shown in FIG.
- the Raman spectrum of the graphene prepared in this Example 3 is similar to the Raman spectrum of the graphene prepared in Example 12, as shown in Fig. 3.
- the graphene is uniform in size, has a single layer or a multilayer two-dimensional layer structure, and the size is
- the electrical conductivity is 25,000 to 45,000 S/cm or more; the yield of graphene in the present embodiment is 99.9% or more.
- Example 4 This example differs from Example 3 in that: the deoxidation reaction conditions at the high temperature described in the second step are 7 h at 175 ° C, or at a microwave intensity of 4.5 kW and a temperature of 150 °. C reaction lh.
- the transmission electron micrograph of the graphene prepared in the present Example 4 was similar to that of the transmission electron micrograph of Example 12, as shown in FIG.
- the Raman spectrum of the graphene prepared in this Example 4 is similar to the Raman spectrum of the graphene prepared in Example 12, as shown in Fig. 3.
- the graphene has uniform dimensions, and has a single layer or a multilayer two-dimensional layer structure, and the size is
- the electrical conductivity is 25,000 to 45,000 S/cm or more; the yield of graphene in the present embodiment is 99.9% or more.
- Example 5 This example differs from Example 4 in that the cellulose described in the first step is cellulose extracted from sorghum stalk biomass.
- the transmission electron micrograph of the graphene prepared in Example 5 was similar to the transmission electron micrograph of Example 12, as shown in FIG.
- the Raman spectrum of the graphene prepared in Example 5 was similar to the Raman spectrum of the graphene prepared in Example 12, as shown in FIG.
- the graphene has uniform dimensions, and has a single layer or a multilayer two-dimensional layer structure, and the size is
- the electrical conductivity is 25,000 to 45,000 S/cm or more; the yield of graphene in the present embodiment is 99.9% or more.
- Example 6 This example differs from Example 5 in that the cellulose described in the first step is cellulose extracted from the bulrush biomass.
- the transmission electron micrograph of the graphene prepared in Example 6 was similar to that of the transmission electron micrograph of Example 12, as shown in FIG.
- the Raman spectrum of the graphene prepared in this Example 6 is similar to the Raman spectrum of the graphene prepared in Example 12, as shown in Fig. 3.
- the graphene is uniform in size, has a single layer or a multilayer two-dimensional layer structure, and the size is
- the electrical conductivity is 25,000 to 45,000 S/cm or more; the yield of graphene in the present embodiment is 99.9% or more.
- Example 7 This example differs from Example 6 in that the catalyst described in the first step is K 3 [Fe(CN) 6
- the transmission electron micrograph of the graphene prepared in this Example 7 was similar to that of the transmission electron micrograph of Example 12, as shown in FIG.
- the Raman spectrum of the graphene prepared in this Example 7 is similar to the Raman spectrum of the graphene prepared in Example 12, as shown in Fig. 3.
- the graphene is uniform in size, has a single layer or a multilayer two-dimensional layer structure, and the size is
- the electrical conductivity is 25,000 to 45,000 S/cm or more; the yield of graphene in the present embodiment is 99.9% or more.
- Example 8 This example differs from Example 7 in that the catalyst described in the first step is K 4 [Fe(CN) 6
- the transmission electron micrograph of the graphene prepared in this Example 8 was similar to that of the transmission electron micrograph of Example 12, as shown in FIG.
- the Raman spectrum of the graphene prepared in this Example 8 is similar to the Raman spectrum of the graphene prepared in Example 12, as shown in Fig. 3.
- the graphene is uniform in size, has a single layer or a multilayer two-dimensional layer structure, and the size is 0.5 ⁇ 2 ⁇ , the electrical conductivity is 25000 ⁇ 45000S/cm or more; the yield of graphene in this embodiment is 99.9% or more.
- Example 9 This example differs from Example 8 in that the catalyst described in the first step is FeCl 2 .
- the transmission electron micrograph of the graphene prepared in Example 9 was similar to that of the transmission electron micrograph of Example 12, as shown in FIG.
- the Raman spectrum of the graphene prepared in this Example 9 is similar to the Raman spectrum of the graphene prepared in Example 12, as shown in Fig. 3.
- the graphene has uniform dimensions, and has a single layer or a multilayer two-dimensional layer structure, and the size is
- the electrical conductivity is 25,000 to 45,000 S/cm or more; the yield of graphene in the present embodiment is 99.9% or more.
- Example 10 This example differs from Example 9 in that the deoxidation reaction conditions at the high temperature described in the second step are carried out at 160 ° C for 9 hours.
- the transmission electron micrograph of the graphene prepared in this Example 10 was similar to that of the transmission electron micrograph of Example 12, as shown in FIG.
- the Raman spectrum of the graphene prepared in this Example 10 is similar to the Raman spectrum of the graphene prepared in Example 12, as shown in Fig. 3.
- the graphene has uniform dimensions, and has a single layer or a multilayer two-dimensional layer structure, and the size is
- the electrical conductivity is 25,000 to 45,000 S/cm or more; the yield of graphene in the present embodiment is 99.9% or more.
- Example 11 This example differs from Example 10 in that the deoxidation reaction conditions at the high temperature described in the third step are a microwave intensity of 6 kW and a temperature of 135 ° C for 0.5 h.
- the transmission electron micrograph of the graphene prepared in this Example 11 was similar to that of the transmission electron micrograph of Example 12, as shown in FIG.
- the Raman spectrum of the graphene prepared in this Example 11 is similar to the Raman spectrum of the graphene prepared in Example 12, as shown in Fig. 3.
- the graphene is uniform in size, and has a two-layer or multi-layered two-dimensional layer structure, and the size is
- the electrical conductivity is 25,000 to 45,000 S/cm or more; the yield of graphene in the present embodiment is 99.9% or more.
- Example 12 The preparation method of the two-dimensional graphene nanocarbon material of the present embodiment is completed by the following steps: [0065] Step 1: Preparing a catalyst solution: 8 g of K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] catalyst Adding to 125g of distilled water, stirring for 15min, a uniform catalyst solution is obtained; [0066] Step 2: Preparation of precursor: 17g of cellulose extracted from sorghum stalks is added to the potassium ferricyanide solution of step 1, stirred for 3 hours, and then at a microwave power of 6 kW and a reaction temperature of 140 ° C. Deoxidation and drying at a high temperature to obtain a precursor;
- Step 3 Heat treatment: pre-carbonization: under a nitrogen atmosphere, to 12. The C/min heating rate is heated to 350.
- Step 4 Acid treatment, water washing and drying: The product of the third step is treated with nitric acid, centrifuged, and then washed with distilled water to neutrality, and then dried at 90 ° C; that is, graphene is obtained.
- FIG. 2 is a transmission electron micrograph of graphene prepared in Example 12.
- FIG. 3 is a Raman spectrum diagram of graphene prepared in Example 12. [0070] FIG.
- the transmission electron micrograph of the graphene prepared in this Example 12 is shown in Fig. 2.
- the microstructure of the prepared product is a two-dimensional layer having a size of about 700 nm.
- the Raman spectrum of this graphene is shown in Fig. 3.
- the sharp 2D peak appears in the same layer, which further proves the graphene structure. generate.
- the conductivity of the sample was 32700 S/m, indicating that the graphene prepared by this method has good conductivity.
- the present invention uses the cellulose extracted from a wide range of inexpensive biomass as a carbon source to prepare graphene, which reduces the production cost while improving the yield.
- the yield of graphene is above 99%.
- Different properties of the graphene can be obtained by changing the type of the cellulose and the catalyst and the reaction conditions.
- the method of the invention has the advantages of uniform size of graphene, single or multi-layer two-dimensional layer structure, size of 0.5 ⁇ 2 ⁇ , electrical conductivity of 25000 ⁇ 45000S/m, wide application range; applicable to fuel cell, large size In the fields of capacitors, fuel cells, etc., it can also be used as an additive for resins and rubbers.
- the raw materials used in the present invention are green and non-toxic, and the reaction conditions are mild. High production safety, easy to achieve industrial production
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Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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PL16758418T PL3266743T3 (pl) | 2015-03-04 | 2016-01-21 | Sposób otrzymywania grafenu z biomasy poprzez zastosowanie celulozy jako surowca |
EP16758418.4A EP3266743B1 (en) | 2015-03-04 | 2016-01-21 | Method for preparing biomass graphene by using cellulose as raw material |
US15/555,289 US10494263B2 (en) | 2015-03-04 | 2016-01-21 | Method for preparing biomass graphene by using cellulose as raw material |
KR1020177024636A KR101981416B1 (ko) | 2015-03-04 | 2016-01-21 | 셀룰로오스를 원료로 바이오매스 그래핀을 제조하는 방법 |
JP2017563379A JP6457667B2 (ja) | 2015-03-04 | 2016-01-21 | セルロースを原料とするバイオマスグラフェンの調製方法 |
ES16758418T ES2804948T3 (es) | 2015-03-04 | 2016-01-21 | Método para obtener grafeno de biomasa usando celulosa como materia prima |
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CN201510096254.2A CN104724699B (zh) | 2015-03-04 | 2015-03-04 | 纤维素为原料制备生物质石墨烯的方法 |
CN201510096254.2 | 2015-03-04 |
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US (1) | US10494263B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP3266743B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP6457667B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101981416B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN104724699B (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2804948T3 (zh) |
PL (1) | PL3266743T3 (zh) |
PT (1) | PT3266743T (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2016138802A1 (zh) |
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