WO2016111447A1 - 내고화성이 향상된 고흡수성 수지 및 그 제조 방법 - Google Patents
내고화성이 향상된 고흡수성 수지 및 그 제조 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016111447A1 WO2016111447A1 PCT/KR2015/010867 KR2015010867W WO2016111447A1 WO 2016111447 A1 WO2016111447 A1 WO 2016111447A1 KR 2015010867 W KR2015010867 W KR 2015010867W WO 2016111447 A1 WO2016111447 A1 WO 2016111447A1
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- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
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- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
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- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a superabsorbent polymer having improved solidification resistance and a method for manufacturing the same, and more particularly, the superabsorbent polymer having improved solidification resistance includes a superabsorbent polymer, fine particles and water, and improves the solidification resistance of the superabsorbent polymer.
- the water is added to the superabsorbent resin or water, it is characterized in that the caking of the particles is prevented by adjusting the temperature or the aging time during stirring.
- Superabsorbent Polymers are synthetic polymer materials capable of absorbing water up to 500 to 1000 times its own weight. In addition to sanitary products such as sanitary sanitary materials, it is widely used as a material for horticultural soil repair, civil engineering, building index materials, seedling sheets, freshness retainer and food for food distribution. Therefore, Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP), which is known to have an excellent absorbing capacity compared with conventional absorbents, has a wider range of applications and thus has a high market value.
- the super absorbent polymer has excellent water absorption, and is widely used for hygiene materials such as infant diapers and adult diapers.
- the superabsorbent polymer present in the diapers serves to absorb and maintain urine.
- the superabsorbent polymer is subjected to strong pressure and physical shock during the manufacturing process of the diaper. In this process, the physical properties are severely deteriorated, and as a result, the performance of the diaper is deteriorated.
- Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2012-0081113 discloses a method of manufacturing an absorbent resin including water-insoluble inorganic fine particles, but such a conventional technique is used to increase the surface moisture of the superabsorbent polymer. As the viscosity increases, problems such as the above-mentioned agglomeration, workability, and a decrease in productivity occur, such that high content and high processability are difficult to be satisfied at the same time.
- the present invention is to solve the problems of the prior art as described above,
- the superabsorbent polymer having improved solidification resistance according to the present invention is modified to improve the superabsorbent polymer surface so that the viscosity and agglomeration do not increase due to water absorption, thereby maintaining the particle size, and there is no decrease in workability, thereby reducing the load in the manufacturing process, controlling particle size and physical properties. To facilitate the purpose.
- the superabsorbent polymer having improved solidification resistance according to the present invention when a large amount of water is added, agglomeration phenomenon of the superabsorbent polymer is not significantly reduced or aggregated at room temperature under elevated temperature by adjusting the temperature, and aging ( The purpose is to prevent lumping by adjusting the aging time.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a superabsorbent polymer having improved solidification resistance, which can block the aggregation of particles of the superabsorbent polymer during storage or transport as a product after finally adding water to the superabsorbent polymer.
- a super absorbent polymer having improved solidification resistance comprising particles (B) and water (C) having the properties of the superabsorbent polymer (A), i) and ii),
- the particles (B) is contained in 0.0001 to 15.0 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the super absorbent polymer (A), the water (C) is in 100 parts by weight of the super absorbent polymer (A) and the particles (B) It contains 0.1 to 20.0 parts by weight, and is prepared by at least one or more of the heat treatment and aging time adjustment treatment, provides a super absorbent polymer with improved solidification resistance.
- step a) water (C) is added to the superabsorbent polymer (A) and the particles (B) that have passed through step a) to 0.1 to 20.0 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the superabsorbent resin (A) and the particles (B). And providing a superabsorbent polymer having improved solidification resistance by performing at least one or more of a heat treatment and an aging time adjustment treatment.
- each of the above variables may be adjusted alone or one or more conditions may be adjusted in combination. Therefore, the aggregation of superabsorbent polymers at room temperature may be significantly reduced or the aggregation may not occur or the aging time may be controlled by controlling the temperature to prevent the aggregation.
- the superabsorbent polymer having improved solidification resistance according to the present invention maintains its particle size by modifying the surface of the superabsorbent polymer so that viscosity or agglomeration does not increase due to moisture absorption, thereby reducing load in the manufacturing process through increased processability. , Particle size and physical property control is easy.
- the water is introduced into the superabsorbent polymer and finally has the advantage of blocking the aggregation between the particles of the superabsorbent polymer in the final storage or transport to the product.
- FIG. 1A illustrates a test result when water is added at room temperature and FIG. The picture shown.
- Figure 3 is a case where 30 minutes of aging (30 min) in order to check the agglomeration degree according to the aging (aging) time after the water is added to the superabsorbent polymer with improved solidification resistance of the present invention at room temperature Photo shows the experimental results.
- Figure 4 is a graph showing the particle size distribution according to the aging (aging) time of the super absorbent polymer having improved solidification resistance of the present invention.
- 5 is a graph showing the particle size distribution according to the temperature of the water of the superabsorbent polymer having improved solidification resistance of the present invention.
- a super absorbent polymer having improved solidification resistance comprising particles (B) and water (C) having the properties of the superabsorbent polymer (A), i) and ii),
- the particles (B) is contained in 0.0001 to 15.0 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the super absorbent polymer (A), the water (C) is in 100 parts by weight of the super absorbent polymer (A) and the particles (B) 0.1 to 20.0 parts by weight, and characterized in that it is produced by at least one or more of the heat treatment and aging (time) adjustment treatment.
- the heat treatment includes a super absorbent polymer (A) and particles (B); agitator; And at least one or more temperatures selected from the group consisting of water and 26 to 95 ° C., wherein the temperature control target is used for the superabsorbent resin and the stirring process during the fine particles, water, or aging.
- the temperature of an agitator etc. can be adjusted.
- the temperature of the super absorbent polymer (SAP) passed through the cooler and the classifier after the surface cross-linking during the manufacturing process of the super absorbent polymer is 60 ⁇ 70 °C, the treatment to increase the temperature of the super absorbent polymer separately Even if it is not added to the water immediately in the above step will be the effect described above may not require the addition of additional energy.
- the aging time adjustment treatment is added water (C) to the super absorbent polymer (A) and particles (B) at 15 ⁇ 25 °C and 5 ⁇ 1500 at a temperature of 26 ⁇ 95 °C for 1 ⁇ 120 minutes Aging (rpm) by stirring at rpm, the aging (aging) in the above range, it is possible to prevent the agglomeration phenomenon because the agglomeration does not occur in the process of adding water to the super absorbent resin and packaging. .
- characteristics such as particle size distribution, flowability, and apparent density with respect to aging time did not change significantly with aging time. This result means that when water is added to the superabsorbent polymer at elevated temperature, the time required for aging is significantly reduced than when water is added at room temperature.
- Particles (B) having the properties of i) and ii) in the superabsorbent polymer having improved solidification resistance are preferably included in an amount of 0.0001 to 15.0 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the superabsorbent polymer (A). More preferably, it is contained in 0.001 to 2.0 weight part with respect to 100 weight part of absorbent resin (A), and it is most preferable to contain 0.05 to 0.15 weight part. If the amount of the particles (B) is less than the above range, it is not sufficient to obtain the expected effect. If the amount of the particles (B) exceeds the above range, the particles (B) are used in excess, which is economically undesirable.
- the surface of the superabsorbent polymer is hydrophilic, and is absorbed by capillary force, water bonding, inter-particaular diffusion, or van der Waals forces between particles when water is dried between the particles. Irreversible aggregation occurs. Therefore, water is also used essentially in the polymerization and surface crosslinking process of the superabsorbent polymer. Since the aggregation occurs, the internal load is increased, and consequently, it may be the cause of equipment failure.
- the superabsorbent polymer in the aggregated state as described above has a disadvantage in that a disintegration process for reducing the particle size to an appropriate particle size is introduced because the particle size is not suitable for the application. In addition, since a strong force is applied in the disintegration process, there is a problem in that physical properties may decrease due to crushing of the super absorbent polymer.
- the microparticles introduced into the superabsorbent polymer of the present invention have a particle size of 2 nm to 50 ⁇ m.
- the microparticles may have a BET specific surface area of 300 to 1500 m 2 / g, preferably 500 to 1500 m 2 / g, more preferably 600 to 1500 m 2 / g.
- the fine particles may have a super hydrophobicity of 125 ° or more, preferably 135 ° or more, and more preferably 140 ° or more.
- the particles (B) may have a particle size of 2 nm ⁇ 50 ⁇ m and the contact angle with respect to water has a super hydrophobicity of 125 ° or more.
- the microparticles may have a porosity of 50% or more, preferably porosity of 90% or more. Since the superabsorbent polymer having improved solidification resistance of the present invention uses fine particles having the above characteristics, it is possible not only to reduce the influence of water on the surface of the resin, but also because the fine particles are used, thereby significantly agglomeration. It can be reduced, and even using relatively small amounts of fine particles, the permeability can be easily improved, and the high water content and its maintenance can be easy.
- Particles (B) added in the manufacturing method of the superabsorbent polymer according to the present invention is not limited to the components as long as the material having the above characteristics, specifically silica (SiO 2 ), alumina, titania (TiO 2 ), Inorganic oxides such as carbon, inorganic compounds, organic polymers, ion exchange resins, metals, metal salts, and the like may be used, but are not limited thereto.
- it is a process of adding fine particles, used after dispersion in monomer solution, added to hydrogel after polymerization, and then dry mixed with resin particles dried first, and dispersed in water or organic solvent in which surface crosslinking solution is dissolved during surface crosslinking.
- the surface crosslinking liquid may be separated from the dissolved water or the organic solvent and dry mixed, or dry mixing may be used for the final crosslinked product, but the present invention is not particularly limited thereto.
- water (C) is preferably included in an amount of 0.1 to 20.0 parts by weight, and 1.0 to 10.0 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the super absorbent polymer (A) and the particles (B). More preferably, it is most preferably included in 2.5 to 7.5 parts by weight. If the content of water (C) is less than the above range, the fracture resistance is not sufficient. If the content of the water (C) is more than the above range, the stickiness of the resin surface increases, and irreversible agglomeration occurs between the superabsorbent resin particles. As the workability of the resin decreases and the particle size changes, a problem that may be difficult to use as a product may occur.
- water is a polymerization medium, and is used in various ways such as to facilitate dispersion of the crosslinking solution in the surface crosslinking process.
- the residual moisture of the final product also acts as an antistatic agent and plasticizer for the resin, inhibiting the formation of very small superabsorbent resin dust in the application process and preventing the grinding of the superabsorbent resin particles.
- the water absorbed on the surface increases the stickiness of the resin surface and irreversible agglomeration occurs between the superabsorbent polymer particles. do.
- water acts as a plasticizer to minimize the physical damage of the superabsorbent polymer to satisfy the high water content and high processability at the same time, It can increase the fracture resistance.
- it is possible to use the heated water or increase the temperature of the super absorbent polymer, thereby increasing the rate of diffusion of the injected water into the super absorbent polymer, thereby reducing the aging time. Therefore, when the superabsorbent polymer is applied to a final product such as a diaper, for example, deterioration of physical properties due to physical crushing of the superabsorbent polymer due to compression or strong air transfer during the diaper production process can be minimized.
- the super absorbent polymer (A) used in the super absorbent polymer having improved solidification resistance is
- the term superabsorbent polymer particles described in the present invention is a dried and pulverized hydrous gel polymer. More specifically, the hydrogel polymer is a material having a size of 1 cm or more in the form of a hard jelly that has been polymerized and contains a large amount of moisture (50% or more). The hydrogel polymer is dried and pulverized to form a powder. Particles. The hydrogel polymer thus corresponds to the intermediate state of the process.
- the superabsorbent polymer (A) used in the present invention undergoes a step of preparing a hydrogel polymer by thermally polymerizing or photopolymerizing a) a monomer composition comprising a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer and a polymerization initiator.
- the polymer may be prepared by the steps and methods commonly used in the art. Specifically, in the preparation of the super absorbent polymer of the present invention, the monomer composition includes a polymerization initiator, the photopolymerization initiator is included in the photopolymerization method according to the polymerization method, and the thermal polymerization is performed in the thermal polymerization method. Initiator and the like. However, even with the photopolymerization method, since a certain amount of heat is generated by irradiation such as ultraviolet irradiation, and a certain amount of heat is generated in accordance with the progress of the polymerization reaction, which is an exothermic reaction, a thermal polymerization initiator may be additionally included.
- the thermal polymerization initiator used in the method for preparing the superabsorbent polymer according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of an initiator group consisting of persulfate-based initiator, azo-based initiator, hydrogen peroxide, and ascorbic acid.
- an initiator group consisting of persulfate-based initiator, azo-based initiator, hydrogen peroxide, and ascorbic acid.
- persulfate-based initiators include sodium persulfate (Na2S2O8), potassium persulfate (K2S2O8), ammonium persulfate (NH4) 2S2O8, and the like.
- initiators examples include 2, 2-azobis- (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (2, 2-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride), 2, 2-azobis- (N, N-dimethylene) Isobutyramidine dihydrochloride (2,2-azobis- (N, N-dimethylene) isobutyramidine dihydrochloride), 2- (carbamoyl azo) isobutyronitrile (2- (carbamoylazo) isobutylonitril), 2,2-azo Bis [2- (2-imidazolin-2-yl) propane] dihydrochloride (2,2-azobis [2- (2-imidazolin-2-yl) propane] dihydrochloride), 4,4-azobis- (4-cyanovaleric acid) (4,4-azobis- (4-cyanovaleric acid)) etc. can be used.
- the photopolymerization initiator used in the method for preparing the superabsorbent polymer according to the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably benzoin ether, dialkyl acetophenone, or hydroxyl alkyl ketone. At least one selected from the group consisting of alkylketone, phenyl glyoxylate, benzyl dimethyl ketal, acyl phosphine and alpha-aminoketone can be used. . Meanwhile, as an example of acylphosphine, a commercially available lucirin TPO, that is, 2,4,6-trimethyl-benzoyl-trimethyl phosphine oxide can be used. .
- the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer is not particularly limited as long as it is a monomer normally used in the preparation of the superabsorbent polymer, but preferably an anionic monomer and salts thereof, Any one or more selected from the group consisting of ionic hydrophilic-containing monomers, amino group-containing unsaturated monomers and quaternized compounds thereof can be used.
- the monomer composition may include a predetermined amount of fine powder, that is, a polymer or resin powder having a particle size of less than 150 ⁇ m, in the prepared superabsorbent polymer powder for the effect of resource recycling.
- the polymer or resin powder having the particle size of less than 150 ⁇ m may be added at the initial, middle, and end stages before the start of the polymerization reaction of the monomer composition or after the start of the polymerization reaction.
- the amount that can be added is not limited, but it is preferable to add 1 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the monomer included in the monomer resin composition in order to prevent the deterioration of physical properties of the superabsorbent polymer.
- the concentration of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the monomer composition may be appropriately selected in consideration of the polymerization time and reaction conditions, but preferably 40 to 55% by weight. You can do When the concentration of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer is less than 40% by weight, it is disadvantageous in terms of economy, and when it exceeds 55% by weight, the grinding efficiency may be low when the polymerized hydrous gel polymer is pulverized.
- the method of preparing a hydrogel polymer by thermally polymerizing or photopolymerizing such a monomer composition is not limited as long as it is a polymerization method that is commonly used.
- the polymerization method is largely divided into thermal polymerization and photopolymerization according to the polymerization energy source, when the thermal polymerization is usually carried out, it can be carried out in a reactor having a stirring shaft, such as kneader, when moving the polymerization, Although it can proceed in a reactor with a conveyor belt possible, the above-described polymerization method is an example, the present invention is not limited to the above-described polymerization method.
- the hydrogel polymer obtained by supplying hot air to a reactor such as a kneader having a stirring shaft as described above or by heating the reactor to be thermally polymerized has a reactor outlet according to the shape of the stirring shaft provided in the reactor.
- the hydrogel polymer discharged into may be in the form of several centimeters to several millimeters.
- the size of the hydrous gel polymer obtained may vary depending on the concentration and the injection speed of the monomer composition to be injected, the hydrogel polymer having a particle size of 2 to 50 mm can be obtained.
- the form of the hydrogel polymer generally obtained may be a hydrogel gel polymer on a sheet having a width of the belt.
- the thickness of the polymer sheet depends on the concentration and the injection speed of the monomer composition to be injected, but it is preferable to supply the monomer composition so that a polymer on a sheet having a thickness of 0.5 to 5 cm can be obtained.
- the monomer composition is supplied to such an extent that the thickness of the polymer on the sheet is too thin, it is not preferable because the production efficiency is low, and when the thickness of the polymer on the sheet exceeds 5 cm, the polymerization reaction does not occur evenly over the entire thickness. You may not.
- the light source that can be used in the photopolymerization step is not particularly limited, and an ultraviolet light source known to cause a photopolymerization reaction may be used without particular limitation.
- an ultraviolet light source such as an Xe lamp, a mercury lamp, or a metal halide lamp may be used.
- the photopolymerization step may be performed for about 5 seconds to about 10 minutes at an intensity of about 0.1 mw / cm 2 to about 1 kw / cm 2 .
- the intensity and time of the light applied to the photopolymerization reaction is too small or short, the polymerization reaction may not occur sufficiently, and when too large or long, the quality of the superabsorbent polymer may be degraded.
- step b) the hydrogel polymer is dried.
- Normal water content of the hydrogel polymer obtained in step a) is 30 to 60% by weight.
- water content means the weight of the water-containing gel polymer subtracted from the weight of the dry polymer by the amount of water occupied with respect to the total weight of the water-containing gel polymer (specifically, through infrared heating It is defined as a value calculated by measuring the weight loss according to the evaporation of water in the polymer during drying by raising the temperature of the polymer, wherein the drying conditions are raised by raising the temperature from room temperature to 180 ° C. and maintaining the temperature at 180 ° C. The drying time is set to 20 minutes, including 5 minutes of temperature rise, and the moisture content is measured.
- the hydrogel polymer obtained in step a) is subjected to a drying step.
- the drying temperature of the drying step may be 150 ° C to 250 ° C.
- the "drying temperature" throughout this specification may be defined as the temperature of the heating reactor including the heat medium and the polymer in the temperature of the heat medium supplied for drying or the drying process.
- the drying temperature is less than 150 ° C., the drying time may be too long, and the physical properties of the final superabsorbent polymer may be lowered. If the drying temperature is more than 250 ° C., only the polymer surface is dried excessively, and a pulverization process is performed later. Fine powder may occur, and there is a fear that the physical properties of the superabsorbent polymer to be finally formed decrease.
- the drying may be carried out at a temperature of 150 °C to 250 °C, more preferably at a temperature of 160 °C to 200 °C.
- the drying time is not limited to the configuration, but in consideration of the process efficiency, etc., it may proceed for 20 to 90 minutes.
- the drying method of the drying step is also commonly used as a drying step of the hydrogel polymer, it can be selected and used without limitation of the configuration.
- the drying step may be performed by a method such as hot air supply, infrared irradiation, microwave irradiation, or ultraviolet irradiation.
- the water content of the polymer after the drying step may be 0.1 to 10% by weight.
- the manufacturing method of the super absorbent polymer according to the present invention may be further roughened before the drying step, if necessary, in order to increase the efficiency of the drying step.
- the simple pulverization step before the drying step may be pulverized so that the hydrogel polymer has a particle size of 1 mm to 15 mm, and it is technically difficult to pulverize the polymer having a particle size of less than 1 mm due to the high water content of the hydrogel polymer. Agglomeration may occur between the pulverized particles, and when the particle size is pulverized to exceed 15 mm, the effect of increasing the efficiency of the subsequent drying step due to pulverization becomes insignificant.
- the pulverizer used is not limited in configuration, but specifically, a vertical pulverizer, a turbo cutter, a turbo grinder, and a rotary cutting machine. Grinding with rotary cutter mill, cutter mill, disc mill, shred crusher, crusher, chopper and disc cutter It may include any one selected from the group of devices, but is not limited to the above-described example.
- the polymer when the grinding step is performed in order to increase the drying efficiency before the drying step, the polymer may be stuck to the surface of the grinder due to the high moisture content polymer. Therefore, in order to increase the efficiency of the pulverization step before drying of the hydrous gel polymer, additives that can prevent sticking during pulverization may be further used.
- additives that can be used are not particularly limited, but may include fine powder aggregation inhibitors such as steam, water, surfactants, inorganic powders such as Clay and Silica; Thermal polymerization initiators such as persulfate initiators, azo initiators, hydrogen peroxide, and ascorbic acid, epoxy crosslinkers, diol crosslinkers, crosslinking agents including acrylates of difunctional or trifunctional or polyfunctional groups or more, and hydroxyl groups. It may be a crosslinking agent such as a compound of a monofunctional group to be included, but is not limited to the examples described above.
- the manufacturing method of the super absorbent polymer according to the present invention is subjected to the drying step, and then c) grinding the dried hydrogel polymer to obtain superabsorbent polymer particles.
- the particle size of the super absorbent polymer particles obtained after the pulverizing step is 150 to 850 ⁇ m.
- the pulverizer used to grind to such a particle size is specifically a pin mill, a hammer mill, a screw mill, a roll mill (roll mill), disk mill (disc mill) or jog mill (jog mill) and the like can be used, but is not limited thereto.
- the surface crosslinking reaction is performed by adding a surface crosslinking agent to the superabsorbent polymer particles in step d).
- the surface crosslinking agent is added, and the composition of the surface crosslinking agent added to each of the superabsorbent polymer particles according to the particle size may be the same, and in some cases, may be added in a different composition.
- the surface crosslinking agent added in the manufacturing method of the super absorbent polymer which concerns on this invention is a compound which can react with the functional group which a polymer has, there is no limitation in the structure.
- examples of the polyhydric alcohol compound include mono-, di-, tri-, tetra- or polyethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, dipropylene glycol, 2,3,4-trimethyl-1,3 -Pentanediol, polypropylene glycol, glycerol, polyglycerol, 2-butene-1,4-diol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, and One or more types selected from the group consisting of 1,2-cyclohexanedimethanol can be used.
- Ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether and glycidol may be used as the epoxy compound, and polyamine compounds may be ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetraamine, tetraethylenepentamine, or pentaethylenehexamine. , At least one selected from the group consisting of polyethyleneimine and polyamide polyamine can be used.
- haloepoxy compound epichlorohydrin, epibromohydrin and ⁇ -methyl epichlorohydrin can be used.
- a mono-, di-, or a polyoxazolidinone compound 2-oxazolidinone etc. can be used, for example.
- an alkylene carbonate compound ethylene carbonate etc. can be used. These may be used alone or in combination with each other.
- it is preferable to use including at least 1 type of polyhydric alcohol compounds among these surface crosslinking agents More preferably, C2-C10 polyhydric alcohol compounds can be used.
- the content of the surface crosslinking agent added to the surface treatment of the polymer particles by mixing the surface crosslinking agent as described above may be appropriately selected depending on the kind of the surface crosslinking agent to be added or the reaction conditions.
- 100 parts by weight of particles 0.001 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 0.01 to 3 parts by weight, more preferably 0.05 to 2 parts by weight can be used.
- the content of the surface crosslinking agent is too small, the surface crosslinking reaction hardly occurs, and when it exceeds 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polymer, the physical properties of the super absorbent polymer may be lowered due to the excessive surface crosslinking reaction.
- the method of adding a surface crosslinking agent to a polymer does not have the limitation of the structure.
- the surface crosslinking agent and the polymer powder may be mixed in a reaction tank, a method of spraying the surface crosslinking agent on the polymer powder, a method of continuously supplying and mixing the polymer and the crosslinking agent into a reaction tank such as a mixer operated continuously, and the like.
- the surface temperature of the polymer in the step of adding the surface crosslinking agent is preferably 60 to 90 °C.
- the temperature of the polymer itself is It may be 20 °C to 80 °C.
- the process is carried out continuously after the drying step proceeds to a relatively high temperature, and if it is difficult to shorten the process time, or shorten the process time, the polymer may be heated separately. have.
- the method for producing a superabsorbent polymer according to the present invention after the addition of the surface crosslinking agent, in order to proceed the temperature rise to the reaction temperature for the surface crosslinking reaction within 1 to 60 minutes, the surface crosslinking agent itself added to the polymer is heated You may.
- the method for producing a super absorbent polymer according to the present invention is to improve the efficiency of the surface cross-linking process, when the surface cross-linking reaction proceeds after the temperature rise to the reaction temperature for the surface cross-linking reaction within 1 to 60 minutes It is possible to minimize the residual monomer content of the final superabsorbent polymer obtained, and to obtain a superabsorbent polymer having excellent physical properties.
- the temperature of the surface crosslinking agent to be added can be adjusted to 5 ° C to 60 ° C, more preferably 10 ° C to 40 ° C.
- the surface crosslinking reaction temperature may be defined as the total temperature of the polymer and the surface crosslinking agent added for the crosslinking reaction.
- the heating medium may be supplied or directly heated by means such as electricity, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described example.
- heat sources that may be used include steam, electricity, ultraviolet rays, infrared rays, and the like, and a heated thermal fluid may be used.
- the crosslinking reaction is 1 minute to 60 minutes, preferably 5 minutes to 40 minutes, most preferably 10 minutes to 20 minutes Can proceed.
- the crosslinking reaction time is too short (less than 1 minute)
- a sufficient degree of crosslinking reaction may not occur
- the crosslinking reaction time exceeds 60 minutes the physical properties of the super absorbent polymer may deteriorate due to excessive surface crosslinking reaction, Polymer shredding may occur due to prolonged residence in the reactor.
- the super absorbent polymer having improved solidification resistance of the present invention prepared by the above composition is characterized in that the moisture content (Moisture content) of 0.1% by weight or more.
- step a) water (C) is added to the superabsorbent polymer (A) and the particles (B) that have passed through step a) to 0.1 to 20.0 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the superabsorbent resin (A) and the particles (B). And at least one or more of a heat treatment and an aging time adjustment treatment to prepare a super absorbent polymer having improved solidification resistance.
- the heat treatment of step b) is a super absorbent polymer (A) and particles (B); agitator; And at least one or more temperatures selected from the group consisting of water may be heated to 26 to 95 ° C., and the temperature controlled to increase the temperature may include superabsorbent resins and the fine particles, water, or agitation during aging.
- the temperature of the stirrer etc. used can be adjusted.
- the temperature of the super absorbent polymer (SAP) passed through the cooler and the classifier after the surface cross-linking during the manufacturing process of the super absorbent polymer is 60 ⁇ 70 °C, the treatment to increase the temperature of the super absorbent polymer separately Even if it is not added to the water immediately in the above step will be the effect described above may not require the addition of additional energy.
- the aging time control treatment of step b) is the water (C) to the superabsorbent resin (A) and particles (B) at 15 ⁇ 25 °C and a temperature of 26 ⁇ 95 °C for 1 ⁇ 120 minutes Aging (aging) by stirring at 5 ⁇ 1500rpm in the above range, in the case of the aging treatment in the above range, water is added to the superabsorbent resin and prevents agglomeration due to no agglomeration in the process of packaging. can do.
- the heat treatment and aging time control treatment of step b) is a super absorbent polymer (A) and particles (B); agitator; And at least one temperature selected from the group consisting of water to 26 to 95 ° C., and aging by stirring at 5 to 1500 rpm for 1 to 120 minutes at a temperature of 15 to 25 ° C. have.
- characteristics such as particle size distribution, flowability, and apparent density with respect to aging time did not change significantly with aging time. This result means that when water is added to the superabsorbent polymer at elevated temperature, the time required for aging is significantly reduced than when water is added at room temperature.
- Particles (B) having the properties of i) and ii) in the method of producing a super absorbent polymer having improved solidification resistance are preferably included in an amount of 0.0001 to 15.0 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the superabsorbent polymer (A). It is more preferably included in 0.001 to 2.0 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the superabsorbent polymer (A), and most preferably contained in 0.05 to 0.15 parts by weight. If the amount of the particles (B) is less than the above range, it is not sufficient to obtain the expected effect. If the amount of the particles (B) exceeds the above range, the particles (B) are used in excess, which is economically undesirable.
- the surface of the superabsorbent polymer is hydrophilic, and is absorbed by capillary force, water bonding, inter-particaular diffusion, or van der Waals forces between particles when water is dried between the particles. Irreversible aggregation occurs. Therefore, water is also used essentially in the polymerization and surface crosslinking process of the superabsorbent polymer. Since the aggregation occurs, the internal load is increased, and consequently, it may be the cause of equipment failure.
- the superabsorbent polymer in the aggregated state as described above has a disadvantage in that a disintegration process for reducing the particle size to an appropriate particle size is introduced because the particle size is not suitable for the application. In addition, since a strong force is applied in the disintegration process, there is a problem in that physical properties may decrease due to crushing of the super absorbent polymer.
- the microparticles introduced into the superabsorbent polymer of the present invention have a particle size of 2 nm to 50 ⁇ m.
- the microparticles may have a BET specific surface area of 300 to 1500 m 2 / g, preferably 500 to 1500 m 2 / g, more preferably 600 to 1500 m 2 / g.
- the fine particles may have a super hydrophobicity of 125 ° or more, preferably 135 ° or more, and more preferably 140 ° or more.
- the particles (B) may have a particle size of 2 nm ⁇ 50 ⁇ m and the contact angle with respect to water has a super hydrophobicity of 125 ° or more.
- the microparticles may have a porosity of 50% or more, preferably porosity of 90% or more. Since the superabsorbent polymer having improved solidification resistance of the present invention uses fine particles having the above characteristics, it is possible not only to reduce the influence of water on the surface of the resin, but also to use porous superhydrophobic microparticles, which leads to agglomeration. It can be significantly reduced, and even with a relatively small amount of fine particles, the permeability is easily improved, and the high water content and its maintenance can be easy.
- Particles (B) added in the manufacturing method of the superabsorbent polymer according to the present invention is not limited to the components as long as the material having the above characteristics, specifically silica (SiO 2 ), alumina, titania (TiO 2 ), Inorganic oxides such as carbon, inorganic compounds, organic polymers, ion exchange resins, metals, metal salts, and the like may be used, but are not limited thereto.
- it is a process of adding fine particles, used after dispersion in monomer solution, added to hydrogel after polymerization, and then dry mixed with resin particles dried first, and dispersed in water or organic solvent in which surface crosslinking solution is dissolved during surface crosslinking.
- the surface crosslinking liquid may be separated from the dissolved water or the organic solvent and dry mixed, or dry mixing may be used for the final crosslinked product, but the present invention is not particularly limited thereto.
- water (C) is preferably included in an amount of 0.1 to 20.0 parts by weight, and 1.0 to 10.0 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the super absorbent polymer (A) and the particles (B). More preferably, it is most preferably included in 2.5 to 7.5 parts by weight. If the content of water (C) is less than the above range, the fracture resistance is not sufficient. If the content of the water (C) is more than the above range, the stickiness of the resin surface increases, and irreversible agglomeration occurs between the superabsorbent resin particles. As the workability of the resin decreases and the particle size changes, a problem that may be difficult to use as a product may occur.
- water is a polymerization medium, and is used in various ways such as to facilitate dispersion of the crosslinking solution in the surface crosslinking process.
- the residual moisture of the final product also acts as an antistatic agent and plasticizer for the resin, inhibiting the formation of very small superabsorbent resin dust in the application process and preventing the grinding of the superabsorbent resin particles.
- the water absorbed on the surface increases the stickiness of the resin surface and irreversible agglomeration occurs between the superabsorbent polymer particles. do.
- water acts as a plasticizer to minimize the physical damage of the superabsorbent polymer to satisfy the high water content and high processability at the same time, It can increase the fracture resistance.
- it is possible to use the heated water or increase the temperature of the super absorbent polymer, thereby increasing the rate of diffusion of the injected water into the super absorbent polymer, thereby reducing the aging time. Therefore, when the superabsorbent polymer is applied to a final product such as a diaper, for example, deterioration of physical properties due to physical crushing of the superabsorbent polymer due to compression or strong air transfer during the diaper production process can be minimized.
- the step of confirming the solidification resistance (caking test) by the solidification test (caking test) of the solidified superabsorbent polymer prepared in the step c); the step of confirming the solidification resistance (caking test) by the solidification test (caking test) of the solidified superabsorbent polymer prepared in the step c); .
- the caking test can be run for 1 minute to 50 hours or for several months and can be run under a load of 2.66 psi.
- the superabsorbent polymer having improved solidification resistance manufactured by the above-mentioned manufacturing method may be characterized in that a moisture content of 0.1% by weight or more.
- the superabsorbent polymer (A) in the method of manufacturing the superabsorbent polymer having improved solidification resistance is the superabsorbent polymer (A) in the method of manufacturing the superabsorbent polymer having improved solidification resistance
- the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer may be any one or more selected from the group consisting of anionic monomers and salts thereof, nonionic hydrophilic-containing monomers, amino group-containing unsaturated monomers and quaternized compounds thereof, and a polymerization initiator for thermal polymerization. May be any one or more selected from the group consisting of persulfate-based initiator, azo-based initiator, hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid, and the polymerization initiator for photopolymerization is benzoin ether, dialkyl acetophenone.
- Hydroxyl alkylketone phenylglyoxylate, phenylglyoxylate, benzyl dimethyl ketal, benzyl dimethyl ketal, acyl phosphine, and alpha-aminoketone It may be any one or more.
- step b) is carried out at a temperature of 150 °C to 250 °C, the particle size range of the super absorbent polymer particles obtained after the grinding of the step c) may be 150 to 850 ⁇ m.
- the surface crosslinking agent may be a polyhydric alcohol compound; Epoxy compounds; Polyamine compounds; Haloepoxy compound; Condensation products of haloepoxy compounds; Oxazoline compounds; Mono-, di- or polyoxazolidinone compounds; Cyclic urea compounds; Polyvalent metal salts; And it may be any one or more selected from the group consisting of alkylene carbonate compounds.
- the specific description of the superabsorbent resin (A), the particles (B), and the water (C) described in the method for preparing the superabsorbent polymer having improved solidification resistance of the present invention is provided herein.
- the content described about resin is used.
- a resin was obtained.
- a surface crosslinking agent a liquid mixture consisting of 0.75 g of ethylene carbonate and 6.75 g of water was administered, followed by mixing for 60 seconds. Thereafter, the mixture was reacted at 190 ° C.
- Airgel a porous superhydrophobic microparticle
- the particle size of the airgel, the porous superhydrophobic microparticle used has an average particle size of 5 ⁇ m, a BET specific surface area of 720 m 2 / g, and a contact angle with water of 144 °. And the porosity was 95%.
- the particle size of the aerogel was analyzed according to ISO 13320 by using a Helium-Neon Laser Optical System (HELOS), by particle-free ultra-fast optical diffraction (Laser Diffraction). Specific surface area was measured using a BET instrument (Micromeritics 3Flex). Porosity was derived through the relationship between tap density ( ⁇ t ) and true density ( ⁇ s ) as shown in Equation 1 below.
- HELOS Helium-Neon Laser Optical System
- Laser Diffraction particle-free ultra-fast optical diffraction
- Specific surface area was measured using a BET instrument (Micromeritics 3Flex). Porosity was derived through the relationship between tap density ( ⁇ t ) and true density ( ⁇ s ) as shown in Equation 1 below.
- the contact angle of water was measured using a contact angle analyzer (KRUSS DSA100). Specifically, a double-sided tape was attached to a flat glass plate, and microparticles were applied as a monolayer thereon, followed by 5 ⁇ l of ultrapure water on a single layer. When raised, it is located in the form of a drop. At this time, the angle between the water droplet and the glass plate was measured four times, and then the average value was calculated.
- KRUSS DSA100 contact angle analyzer
- Example 2 Fire resistance Preparation of Improved Super Absorbent Polymer 2 ( Aging (aging) time adjustment)
- Example 3 Fire resistance Preparation of Improved Super Absorbent Polymer 3 (temperature and Aging (aging) time adjustment)
- the particle size distribution according to the aging time is shown in Figure 4, the flowability and apparent density according to the aging time is shown in Table 1 below. It was confirmed from the results of FIG. 4 and Table 1 that there was no significant change in particle size distribution, flowability and apparent density with aging time. Comparing the results with Example 2, when water is added under the same conditions in which the temperature of the superabsorbent polymer is increased, the aging time required to reduce the aggregation between particles is significantly reduced than when water is added at room temperature. I could confirm it.
- the experiment was carried out by raising only the temperature of the water introduced under the same conditions as in Example 1. Comparing the particle size distribution after adding water heated to 70 ° C. and room temperature, it was confirmed that the same particle size distribution as the original superabsorbent polymer (PD) was obtained when the heated water was added as shown in FIG. 5. From the above results, it was confirmed that aggregation of the particles did not occur well when the temperature of the water was increased.
- PD superabsorbent polymer
- Example 5 Fire resistance Preparation of Improved Super Absorbent Polymers 5 (Temperature and Aging (aging) time adjustment)
- Example 6 Fire resistance Preparation of Improved Super Absorbent Polymer 6 ( Aging (aging) temperature and time adjustment)
- the present invention it is possible to prevent agglomeration of superabsorbent polymer particles in advance by adjusting the temperature or aging time when water is added to the superabsorbent polymer. It can be expected to block the agglomeration of particles of superabsorbent polymer during the final storage or transfer to water after the addition of water.
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Description
Claims (26)
- a) 고흡수성 수지(A)에 하기 i) 및 ii)의 특성을 갖는 입자(B)를 상기 고흡수성 수지(A)의 100 중량부에 대하여 0.0001 내지 15.0 중량부가 되도록 첨가하는 단계; 및b) 상기 단계 a)를 거친 고흡수성 수지(A) 및 상기 입자(B)에 물(C)을 고흡수성 수지(A) 및 상기 입자(B) 100 중량부에 대해서 0.1 내지 20.0 중량부가 되도록 투입하고 가열 처리 및 에이징(aging)시간 조절 처리 중 적어도 하나 이상의 처리를 하여 내고화성이 향상된 고흡수성 수지를 제조하는 단계;를 포함하는 내고화성이 향상된 고흡수성 수지의 제조 방법:i) 300 내지 1500 m2/g 의 BET 비표면적(specific surface area),ii) 50% 이상의 공극률(porosity).
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 단계 b)의 가열 처리는 고흡수성 수지(A) 및 입자(B); 교반기; 및 물로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 적어도 어느 하나 이상의 온도를 26 ~ 95℃으로 가열하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 내고화성이 향상된 고흡수성 수지의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 단계 b)의 에이징(aging)시간 조절 처리는 15 ~ 25℃에서 고흡수성 수지(A) 및 입자(B)에 물(C)을 투입하고 1 ~ 120분 동안 26 ~ 95℃의 온도에서 5 ~ 1500rpm으로 교반하여 에이징(aging)하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 내고화성이 향상된 고흡수성 수지의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 단계 b)의 가열 처리 및 에이징(aging)시간 조절 처리는 고흡수성 수지(A) 및 입자(B); 교반기; 및 물로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 적어도 어느 하나 이상의 온도를 26 ~ 95℃으로 가열하고, 15 ~ 25℃의 온도에서 1 ~ 120분 동안 5 ~ 1500 rpm으로 교반하여 에이징(aging)하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 내고화성이 향상된 고흡수성 수지의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 입자(B)는 상기 고흡수성 수지(A)의 100 중량부에 대하여 0.001 내지 2.0 중량부로 포함되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 내고화성이 향상된 고흡수성 수지의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 입자(B)는 상기 고흡수성 수지(A)의 100 중량부에 대하여 0.05 내지 0.15 중량부로 포함되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 내고화성이 향상된 고흡수성 수지의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 물(C)은 고흡수성 수지(A) 및 상기 입자(B) 100 중량부에 대해서 1.0 내지 10.0 중량부로 포함되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 내고화성이 향상된 고흡수성 수지의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 물(C)은 고흡수성 수지(A) 및 상기 입자(B) 100 중량부에 대해서 2.5 내지 7.5 중량부로 포함되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 내고화성이 향상된 고흡수성 수지의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 입자(B)는 2 ㎚ ~ 50 ㎛의 입도를 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는, 내고화성이 향상된 고흡수성 수지의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 입자(B)는 물에 대한 접촉각이 125°이상의 초소수성을 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는, 내고화성이 향상된 고흡수성 수지의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 입자(B)는 2 ㎚ ~ 50 ㎛의 입도 및 물에 대한 접촉각이 125°이상의 초소수성을 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는, 내고화성이 향상된 고흡수성 수지의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 입자(B)는 500 내지 1500 m2/g 의 BET 비표면적(specific surface area)을 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는, 내고화성이 향상된 고흡수성 수지의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 입자(B)는 600 내지 1500 m2/g 의 BET 비표면적 (specific surface area)을 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는, 내고화성이 향상된 고흡수성 수지의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 10에 있어서, 상기 입자(B)는 물에 대한 접촉각이 135°이상의 초소수성을 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는, 내고화성이 향상된 고흡수성 수지의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 10에 있어서, 상기 입자(B)는 물에 대한 접촉각이 140°이상의 초소수성을 가지는 것을 특징으로 하는, 내고화성이 향상된 고흡수성 수지의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 입자(B)는 90% 이상의 공극률(porosity)을 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는, 내고화성이 향상된 고흡수성 수지의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 입자(B)는 실리카(SiO2), 알루미나, 탄소(Carbon) 및 티타니아(TiO2)로 이루어지는 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는, 내고화성이 향상된 고흡수성 수지의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 단계 b) 이후에,c) 상기 제조된 내고화성 고흡수성 수지를 고화 테스트(caking test)하여 내고화성을 확인하는 단계;를 포함하는 내고화성이 향상된 고흡수성 수지의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 고흡수성 수지(A)는a) 수용성 에틸렌계 불포화 단량체 및 중합개시제를 포함하는 단량체 조성물을 열중합 또는 광중합하여 함수겔상 중합체를 준비하는 단계;b) 상기 함수겔상 중합체를 건조하는 단계;c) 상기 건조된 함수겔상 중합체를 분쇄하여 고흡수성 수지 입자를 얻는 단계; 및d) 상기 고흡수성 수지 입자에 표면 가교제를 첨가하여 표면 가교 반응을 진행하는 단계를 포함하여 제조되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 내고화성이 향상된 고흡수성 수지의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 19에 있어서, 상기 수용성 에틸렌계 불포화 단량체는 음이온성 단량체와 그 염, 비이온계 친수성 함유 단량체, 및 아미노기 함유 불포화 단량체 및 그의 4급화물로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는, 내고화성이 향상된 고흡수성 수지의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 19에 있어서, 상기 열중합을 위한 중합개시제는 과황산염계 개시제, 아조계 개시제, 과산화수소 및 아스코르빈산으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는, 내고화성이 향상된 고흡수성 수지의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 19에 있어서, 상기 광중합을 위한 중합개시제는 벤조인 에테르(benzoin ether), 디알킬아세토페논(dialkyl acetophenone), 하이드록실 알킬케톤(hydroxyl alkylketone), 페닐글리옥실레이트(phenyl glyoxylate), 벤질디메틸케탈(Benzyl Dimethyl Ketal), 아실포스핀(acyl phosphine) 및 알파-아미노케톤(α-aminoketone)으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는, 내고화성이 향상된 고흡수성 수지의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 19에 있어서, 상기 단계 b)의 건조 단계는 150℃ 내지 250℃의 온도에서 진행되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 내고화성이 향상된 고흡수성 수지의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 19에 있어서, 상기 단계 c)의 분쇄 후 얻어지는 고흡수성 수지 입자의 입도 범위는 150 내지 850㎛인 것을 특징으로 하는, 내고화성이 향상된 고흡수성 수지의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 19에 있어서, 상기 표면 가교제는 다가 알콜 화합물; 에폭시 화합물; 폴리아민 화합물; 할로에폭시 화합물; 할로에폭시 화합물의 축합 산물; 옥사졸린 화합물; 모노-, 디- 또는 폴리옥사졸리디논 화합물; 환상 우레아 화합물; 다가금속염; 및 알킬렌 카보네이트 화합물로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는, 내고화성이 향상된 고흡수성 수지의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기의 제조 방법으로 제조된 내고화성이 향상된 고흡수성 수지는 실함수율(Moisture content)이 0.1 중량% 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는, 내고화성이 향상된 고흡수성 수지의 제조 방법.
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US15/305,230 US10486135B2 (en) | 2015-01-07 | 2015-10-14 | Super absorbent resin having improved solidification resistance, and method for preparing same |
JP2016562582A JP6321822B2 (ja) | 2015-01-07 | 2015-10-14 | 耐固化性の向上した高吸水性樹脂およびその製造方法 |
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EP3243859A4 (en) | 2018-01-17 |
EP3243859B1 (en) | 2020-12-02 |
JP2017511416A (ja) | 2017-04-20 |
US20170036191A1 (en) | 2017-02-09 |
EP3243859A1 (en) | 2017-11-15 |
US20200047157A1 (en) | 2020-02-13 |
US11484863B2 (en) | 2022-11-01 |
KR20160085017A (ko) | 2016-07-15 |
CN106232714A (zh) | 2016-12-14 |
BR112016024663B1 (pt) | 2021-11-03 |
US10486135B2 (en) | 2019-11-26 |
KR101949455B1 (ko) | 2019-02-18 |
BR112016024663A2 (pt) | 2018-05-15 |
TWI582140B (zh) | 2017-05-11 |
TW201634535A (zh) | 2016-10-01 |
JP6321822B2 (ja) | 2018-05-09 |
CN106232714B (zh) | 2019-08-13 |
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