WO2015194564A1 - 記憶学習機能及び/又は認知機能を増強するための組成物 - Google Patents
記憶学習機能及び/又は認知機能を増強するための組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015194564A1 WO2015194564A1 PCT/JP2015/067344 JP2015067344W WO2015194564A1 WO 2015194564 A1 WO2015194564 A1 WO 2015194564A1 JP 2015067344 W JP2015067344 W JP 2015067344W WO 2015194564 A1 WO2015194564 A1 WO 2015194564A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a peptide having an activity of enhancing a memory learning function and / or a cognitive function, and relates to a composition, a food and a medicine containing the peptide.
- Maintenance, improvement, and improvement of brain function are required by a wide range of generations from young to old. Maintenance, improvement, and improvement of memory and learning skills are important not only for students and adults studying for exams and qualification exams, but also for daily work and life. Moreover, since the decline in memory and cognitive function is related to the quality of life in the elderly, it is required to prevent, maintain, improve and improve the brain function.
- Non-Patent Literature 1-3
- Non-Patent Document 4 For example, according to an epidemiological survey in the age group of 39 to 65 years conducted in Australia, it has been obtained that daily intake of fermented dairy products enhances memory (Non-Patent Document 4). . In addition, in the United States, the result that the prevalence of cognitive dysfunction is reduced by ingestion of fermented milk products has been obtained (Non-patent Document 5). From these results, fermented dairy products are thought to contain substances that enhance memory learning and cognitive functions, but the results of the above research are limited to epidemiological studies, and the actual active ingredients and their mechanisms of action Is unknown.
- components that enhance brain functions such as maintenance, improvement, and improvement of memory learning function and cognitive function can be identified among components of food that can be ingested on a daily basis, it will be useful in a wide range of generations.
- fermented dairy products are thought to contain components that enhance memory learning and cognitive functions. It is possible to develop products that can be used in a wide range of layers.
- microglia which exists as the only immune cell in the brain, have essential functions for maintaining homeostasis in the brain, such as phagocytosis of waste products and repair of damaged tissues in the brain. Is clear. Microglia removes waste products in the brain and promotes synapse formation contributes to the maintenance, enhancement, and improvement of cognitive function, while excessive activation of microglia causes an inflammatory state and causes cognitive decline It has also been reported that there is a possibility (Non-Patent Documents 6 to 9). Inflammatory cytokines such as TNF- ⁇ and chemokines produced by excessively activated microglia are reported to be closely related to the pathology of pain, depression and chronic fatigue (Non-Patent Documents 10 to 16). . Therefore, controlling the activity of microglia is important in preventing and treating various diseases related to the brain.
- An object of the present invention is to find a peptide having an excellent effect of improving brain function, particularly memory learning function and / or cognitive function, and based on the findings, a composition for enhancing memory learning function and / or cognitive function To provide food, food and medicine.
- the present inventors consider that a component that improves brain function is contained in fermented milk products shown epidemiologically, and in the Y-maze maze test of an amnesia model mouse Screening of milk protein-derived peptides was performed using the evaluation or the evaluation in the activity test of isolated brain microglia as an index. As a result, it has been found that a specific peptide derived from milk protein can enhance memory learning function and / or cognitive function, and can further enhance phagocytic activity and / or anti-inflammatory activity of microglia. It came to be completed.
- the present invention is a composition for enhancing memory learning function and / or cognitive function, comprising a peptide comprising any one amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 16, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Alternatively, a solvate is contained.
- amino acid sequence of the peptide is preferably any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 16.
- the food is preferably a food for enhancing the memory learning function and / or the cognitive function.
- a medicine for enhancing the memory learning function and / or the cognitive function is preferably a medicine for enhancing the memory learning function and / or the cognitive function.
- the peptide is generated by hydrolysis of a protein contained in a food or food material.
- the peptide is preferably obtained by enzymatic treatment of milk protein or a food or food material containing the same with a microorganism-derived enzyme agent.
- the milk protein or the food or food material containing the same is whey or casein or powdered milk, skimmed milk powder, or prepared milk powder containing them. From the viewpoint of production cost, whey is more preferable.
- the enzyme agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of an enzyme derived from Asperugillus, an enzyme derived from Bacillus, and an enzyme derived from Rhizopus. It is preferable that the enzyme is included.
- another aspect of the present invention is a composition for enhancing the phagocytic activity and / or anti-inflammatory activity of microglia, which is any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 6, 9, 12, 13, 14, and 17. It contains a peptide comprising one amino acid sequence, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
- amino acid sequence of the peptide is preferably any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 6, 9, 12, 13, 14, and 17.
- a peptide excellent in the effect of improving brain function, particularly enhancing memory learning function and / or cognitive function, has been found, and a composition, food for enhancing memory learning function and / or cognitive function A pharmaceutical can be provided.
- composition that is useful for improving memory and learning ability in young to middle age groups, and for preventing elderly people from improving cognitive function as well as improving memory and learning ability, Food and medicine can be provided.
- compositions, foods, and medicines can be provided.
- the present invention uses a peptide component contained in a food that can be ingested on a daily basis as an active ingredient, it is possible to provide a composition, a food, or a medicine with few side effects.
- the figure which shows the memory learning function and the cognitive function enhancement effect by dipeptide WX The figure which shows the memory learning function and the cognitive function enhancement effect by a whey peptide extract and a reconstruction sample. The figure which shows the memory learning function and the cognitive function enhancement effect by the synthetic peptide of casein origin peptide.
- the enhancement of the memory learning function includes maintenance, improvement and / or improvement of the memory learning function.
- the maintenance of the memory learning function includes, for example, preventing a decrease in memory ability and learning ability caused by aging in the elderly and the like.
- the improvement of the memory learning function includes, for example, improving the temporary memory learning function, promoting medium- and long-term memory fixation, and promoting brain development.
- the improvement of the memory learning function includes, for example, recovering a function that has once decreased due to aging or other factors, or a function having a sign of decrease.
- enhancement of cognitive function includes maintenance, improvement and / or improvement of cognitive function.
- the maintenance of cognitive functions includes, for example, preventing intellectual functions such as understanding, judgment, and logic, that is, reducing cognitive ability.
- the improvement of cognitive function includes, for example, enhancing cognitive ability from the current level.
- the improvement of cognitive function includes, for example, the recovery of symptoms that have once been reduced and the signs of decline.
- a memory learning function and / or a cognitive function enhancer comprising the peptide or a composition containing the peptide as an active ingredient, or the peptide or the composition containing the peptide as a human or animal
- a method for enhancing the memory learning function and / or cognitive function to be ingested use of the peptide or the composition containing the peptide for enhancing the memory learning function and / or cognitive function, and the like.
- the peptides used in the present invention may be those obtained by chemical synthesis, chemically or enzymatically from proteins or polypeptide raw materials derived from milk, soybeans, wheat, eggs, livestock meat, fish meat, seafood, etc. You may use what was obtained by decomposing
- the peptide sequence used in the present invention includes at least milk whey casein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), soybean glycinin, wheat glutenin, egg yolk riboviterin, egg white ovalbumin, ovotransferrin , Lysozyme, chicken protein collagen, etc., and subjecting them or foods or food materials containing them to acid hydrolysis, enzyme treatment with proteases, or microbial fermentation, etc.
- the preparation may be used as it is, or may be concentrated, or may be used as a dry powder by spray drying, freeze drying or the like. Further, it may be used after subjecting to any degree of purification such as removal of impurities, salts, enzymes, etc. as necessary.
- the amino acid constituting the peptide used in the present invention may be composed only of L-type amino acids, may be composed only of D-type amino acids, or may be a peptide in which both are mixed. Also good. Moreover, it may be composed only of naturally occurring amino acids, or may be composed only of modified amino acids in which any functional group such as phosphorylation or glycosylation is bonded to amino acids, or a mixture of both. Any of peptides may be sufficient. When the peptide contains two or more asymmetric carbons, it may be an enantiomer, a diastereomer, or a peptide in which both are mixed.
- the peptide used in the present invention may be a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
- pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include inorganic acid salts such as hydrochloride, sulfate and phosphate, organic salts such as acetate, maleate, fumarate, citrate and methanesulfonate. Examples include acid salts.
- pharmaceutically acceptable metal salt include alkali metal salts such as sodium salt and potassium salt, alkaline earth metal salts such as magnesium salt and calcium salt, aluminum salt and zinc salt.
- Examples of the pharmaceutically acceptable ammonium salt include ammonium and tetramethylammonium salts.
- pharmaceutically acceptable organic amine addition salts include addition salts such as morpholine and piperidine.
- the usage pattern of the present invention can be used as a medicine, an additive used for blending in the medicine, or a food, an additive used for blending in the food.
- the form containing 0.00001 to 100% by mass of the peptide is preferable, and the form containing 0.0001 to 100% by mass is more preferable.
- the most preferred form is 0.001 to 100% by mass.
- the composition of the present invention may be contained together with one or more active ingredients in addition to the above peptides, or may be administered or ingested in combination.
- DHA docosahexaenoic acid
- Ginkgo biloba extract etc.
- an anti-amyloid beta antibody etc. are mentioned as a component which reduces amyloid beta.
- a medicine for example, as a use form of the present invention, for example, it contains at least one of the above peptides as an active ingredient, and a pharmaceutical composition is prepared by mixing a carrier, an excipient, a binder, a diluent and the like.
- a pharmaceutical composition is prepared by mixing a carrier, an excipient, a binder, a diluent and the like.
- oral dosage forms include granules, powders, tablets, pills, capsules, syrups and the like
- parenteral dosage forms include injections, instillations, nasal preparations, Examples include external preparations, but are not limited thereto.
- the dosage varies depending on the dosage form, patient age, body weight, nature or severity of symptoms to be treated, etc., but normal oral administration and the preferred dosage range per day per adult
- the first is 0.002 to 40 g of the peptide
- the second is 0.002 to 20 g of the peptide
- the third is 0.002 to 2 g of the peptide
- the fourth is the peptide.
- 0.02 to 40 g fifth is 0.02 to 20 g of the peptide
- sixth is 0.02 to 2 g of the peptide
- seventh is 0.2 to 40 g of the peptide
- Eighth is 0.2-20 g of the peptide
- ninth is 0.2-2 g of the peptide.
- the preferable dosage range per day for an adult for normal intravenous administration is given.
- the peptide is 0.0002 to 4 g.
- the second is 0.0002 to 2 g of the peptide
- the third is 0.0002 to 0.2 g of the peptide
- the fourth is 0.002 to 4 g of the peptide
- the fifth is the above.
- sixth is 0.002 to 0.2 g of the peptide
- seventh is 0.02 to 4 g of the peptide
- eighth is 0.02 to 2 g of the peptide.
- Ninth 0.02-0.2 g of the above peptide.
- an optimal form may be appropriately selected according to various conditions.
- food may be used, and the form is not particularly limited. It may be liquid, semi-liquid, or solid, and includes a beverage-like form.
- health foods special health foods, nutritional functional foods, functional labeling foods
- disease, etc. including so-called health foods, functional foods, dietary supplements and supplements, and foods with a disease risk reduction label.
- Consumer food is also included. For example, it is good also as dairy products, such as yogurt and cheese which produced
- dairy products such as yogurt and cheese which produced
- supplements include tablet forms produced by tableting after adding excipients, binders, and the like to the dry powder of the peptide and kneading.
- a beverage as a non-alcoholic beverage
- a non-alcoholic beverage for example, mineral water, near water, sports drink, tea beverage, milk beverage, coffee beverage, fruit juice beverage, vegetable juice beverage, fruit juice and vegetable juice beverage
- examples include carbonated drinks, but are not limited thereto.
- It may be a beer beverage having an alcohol content of less than 1%, such as non-alcohol beer.
- Mineral water includes both foaming and non-foaming mineral water.
- the tea drink in the non-alcoholic drinks refers to drinks for decocting tea leaves (tea leaves) that are evergreen trees of the camellia family, or leaves or cereals of plants other than tea trees, such as fermented tea, semi-fermented tea, And non-fermented tea are both included.
- tea beverages include Japanese tea (for example, green tea, barley tea), black tea, herbal tea (for example, jasmine tea), Chinese tea (for example, Chinese green tea, oolong tea), hoji tea, and the like.
- Milk beverages refer to beverages made mainly from raw milk, milk, etc. or foods made from these raw materials. In addition to those made from milk itself, for example, nutrient-enriched milk, flavored milk, and sugar-decomposed milk And the like using processed milk as a raw material.
- fruits used in beverages containing fruit juices and beverages containing fruit juices and vegetable juices include apples, mandarin oranges, grapes, bananas, pears, peaches, mangoes, acais, and blueberries.
- vegetables used in vegetable juice-containing beverages, fruit juices, and vegetable juice-containing beverages include tomato, carrot, celery, pumpkin, celery, and cucumber.
- the first is 0.002 to 40 g of the peptide
- the second is 0.002 to the above peptide.
- 20 g 3rd is 0.002 to 2 g of the peptide
- 4th is 0.02 to 40 g of the peptide
- 5th is 0.02 to 20 g of the peptide
- 6th is The peptide is 0.02 to 2 g
- the seventh is the peptide 0.2 to 40 g
- the eighth is the peptide 0.2 to 20 g
- the ninth is the peptide 0.2 to 2 g. is there.
- the form containing 0.00001 to 100% by mass of the peptide is preferable, the form containing 0.0001 to 100% by mass is more preferable, and 0 More preferred is a form containing 0.001 to 100% by mass, still more preferred is a form containing 0.01 to 90% by mass, and most preferred is a form containing 0.1 to 80% by mass. .
- the first is 0.002 to 40 g of the above peptide
- 2 is 0.002 to 20 g of the peptide
- 3rd is 0.002 to 2 g of the peptide
- 4 is 0.02 to 40 g of the peptide
- 5 is 0.02 of the peptide.
- -20 g sixth is 0.02-2 g of the peptide
- seventh is 0.2-40 g of the peptide
- eighth is 0.2-20 g of the peptide
- the peptide When used as a beverage, it is preferably in a form containing 0.00001 to 10% by mass of the peptide, more preferably in a form containing 0.0001 to 5% by mass, and 0.001 to 5% by mass. More preferably, it is a form containing 0.01 to 5% by mass, and still more preferably a form containing 0.1 to 1% by mass.
- the peptide provided by the present invention since the peptide provided by the present invention has a relatively small molecular weight, it has excellent absorbability into the body and permeability through the brain barrier, and easily exerts its effect in the brain.
- the whey peptide extract was prepared as follows. A 0.125% (w / v) food-added protease or peptidase was mixed in a 5% (w / v) whey (Daiichi Kasei) aqueous solution and reacted at 50 ° C. for 4 hours. The obtained enzyme reaction solution was filtered using an ultrafiltration membrane having a molecular weight cut-off of 10 KDa, and the filtrate (hereinafter also referred to as “whey peptide extract”) was collected and subjected to an experiment.
- FIG. 1A shows an outline of a memory learning function / cognitive function evaluation method.
- Six-week-old male CD-1 mice were forcibly orally administered into the stomach in an amount of 1 mg / kg when using peptide extracts and 0.1 to 3 ⁇ mol / kg when using synthetic peptides.
- 0.80 mg / kg scopolamine hydrochloride was administered intraperitoneally to induce memory impairment after a minute.
- a Y-maze test was performed to evaluate spontaneous alternation behavior 20 minutes after intraperitoneal administration of scopolamine.
- the mouse originally has the property of selecting a route different from the route selected immediately before. Therefore, when a mouse is put into a Y-shaped maze having three arms having the same width, length, etc., it normally enters an arm different from the arm that has just entered.
- the Y-shaped maze test is a test that uses the properties of mice to evaluate short-term memory.
- the Y-maze test in which three arms with a length of one arm of 25 cm, a wall height of 20 cm, and a floor width of 5 cm are connected at an angle of 120 degrees, is used as an experimental device. used.
- protease P “Amano” 3SD also abbreviated as Amano P. manufactured by Amano Enzyme Co., Ltd.
- Protin SD-NY10 also abbreviated as Protin. Amano Enzyme Co., Ltd.
- Manufactured and bromelain manufactured by Amano Enzyme Co., Ltd.
- whey was treated, and the obtained whey peptide extract was orally administered to mice to evaluate brain function. The results are shown in FIGS. 1 (B) and (C).
- Fig. 1 shows the voluntary alternation behavior variation rate (spontaneous alteration), and (C) shows the total number of entries (number of entries).
- SCP scopolamine
- FIG. 1C shows the total number of intrusions
- control shows the mouse group which performed only scopolamine administration.
- FIG. 1 (B) compared to the group administered only scopolamine (control), Amano P, a protease derived from Aspergillus, and a whey peptide extract treated with protin, a protease derived from Bacillus In the administration group, the effect of improving brain function was observed. However, improvement in brain function was not observed in the whey administration group that had not been treated with protease (untreated) and the bromeline-treated peptide extract treatment group that was a plant-derived protease.
- whey was prepared using the 10 types of enzyme agents shown in Table 1 (all manufactured by Amano Enzyme Co., Ltd.), including Aspergillus and Bacillus-derived enzyme agents and Rhizopus-derived enzyme agents that showed an effect of improving brain function.
- the memory learning function and cognitive function were evaluated using the scopolamine amnesia model in the same manner as described above (FIG. 2). Note that distilled water is used as the vehicle.
- Fig. 2 (A) shows the voluntary alternation behavior rate (spontaneous alteration), and Fig. 2 (B) shows the total number of entries (number of entries).
- Peptide extracts treated with either enzyme showed an improvement in brain function in the scopolamine amnesia model.
- the enzyme protease P “Amano” 3SD (Amano P, 3 in FIG. 2) derived from Aspergillus sp.
- the enzyme Samoaase C100 (10 in FIG. 2) derived from Bacillus sp. It was considered that the peptides that were highly effective in improving the brain function were contained in the peptides, and thus active peptides in whey treated with these enzymes were searched.
- the obtained fraction was concentrated and further fractionated by preparative HPLC.
- a C18 column (inner diameter 10 mm, length 250 mm, particle diameter 5 ⁇ m) was used as a separation column, and A phase: 5% methanol, B solution: 100% methanol was used as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 5 ml / min for 0 minute.
- B solution 100% methanol was used as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 5 ml / min for 0 minute.
- the eluate was divided into several fractions, and each was concentrated and dried. Each fraction was redissolved in a solution containing a small amount of methanol and then subjected to analytical HPLC for refractionation.
- a C18 separation column (inner diameter 4.6 mm, length 250 mm, particle diameter 5 ⁇ m) was used, and the column temperature was 70 ° C.
- the peak obtained by analysis was divided into several fractions and collected by repeated fractionation. Each obtained fraction was concentrated and dried to remove TFA, and redissolved in a solution containing a small amount of methanol.
- the effect of enhancing the memory learning function and cognitive function of these fractions was evaluated, and the peptides contained in the fractions with high activation ability were further purified.
- the purified peptide thus obtained was subjected to N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis to obtain an amino acid sequence.
- FIG. 3 shows an HPLC profile of a peptide extract obtained by degrading whey with protease P “Amano” 3SD (Amano P) or Samoaase C100. Moreover, the amino acid sequence obtained by N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of each peak is shown.
- peptides were synthesized by a peptide solid phase synthesis method to obtain a synthetic peptide, and the effect of enhancing memory learning function and cognitive function was examined using the synthetic peptide.
- a peptide was synthesized by a peptide solid phase synthesis method based on the obtained amino acid sequence information. Next, it was analyzed by the Y maze test whether the memory learning function and the cognitive function were enhanced by using the synthetic peptide. The results are shown in FIG.
- GTWY is a major component obtained by treating whey with protease P “Amano” 3SD as shown in FIG.
- the whey was treated with Bacillus-derived proteolytic enzyme Samoase C100, and the peptide sequence contained in the fraction having an activity of enhancing memory learning function and cognitive function was analyzed.
- sequence information of four peptides TWY (SEQ ID NO: 11), TWYS (SEQ ID NO: 8), VAGTWYS (SEQ ID NO: 4), and VSLPEW (SEQ ID NO: 5) was obtained.
- Synthetic peptides were obtained from the amino acid sequence information by the peptide solid phase synthesis method, and analyzed by the Y maze test whether the memory learning function and the cognitive function were enhanced using the synthetic peptides. The results are shown in FIG.
- TWYS, TWYS, VAGTWYS, and VSLPEW are major components obtained by treating whey with Samoaise C100 as shown in FIG.
- a WY sequence is included.
- a peptide having a length of up to about 12 residues is considered to have an effect of enhancing memory learning function / cognitive function.
- the dipeptide WY is considered to be the core sequence
- the dipeptide containing tryptophan at the N-terminus may have an effect of enhancing brain function. Therefore, a dipeptide containing tryptophan at the N-terminus was synthesized, and a Y-maze test was conducted to examine its effect on brain function.
- tryptophan-tyrosine (WY, SEQ ID NO: 13), tryptophan-methionine (WM, SEQ ID NO: 14), tryptophan-leucine (WL, SEQ ID NO: 15), tryptophan-valine (WV, sequence) contained in milk protein as sequences. It was revealed that the four dipeptides of No. 16) had an enhancing effect on the concentration-dependent memory learning function / cognitive function (FIG. 6).
- tyrosine-tryptophan (YW) and methionine-tryptophan (MW), which are dipeptides having the same amino acid composition as SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14, but different in sequence, have a memory learning function / cognitive function. No enhancement effect was seen. Further, tryptophan alone (W) was not effective.
- dipeptides containing tryptophan at the N-terminal side such as WY, WM, WL and WV and having a hydrophobic amino acid bonded at the C-terminal side have an effect of enhancing memory learning function / cognitive function.
- casein is contained as a protein other than whey contained in milk. Therefore, casein (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) may be abbreviated as protease M “Amano” SD (Amano M) which is an enzyme agent derived from Aspergillus sp. Among the enzyme agents shown in Table 1 above. ), And the peptide having the memory learning function / cognitive function enhancing activity was analyzed. In the same manner as in the case of whey, a peptide extract obtained by degrading casein with Amano M was fractionated by HPLC, and the amino acid sequence of the active fraction was determined.
- KEMFPFPKYPVEP SEQ ID NO: 1
- AVPYP SEQ ID NO: 6
- SLPQ SEQ ID NO: 9
- YPE SEQ ID NO: 12
- WY SEQ ID NO: 13
- WM SEQ ID NO: 14
- the dipeptides WM and WY in the peptide extract obtained by treating casein with the enzyme Amano M derived from Aspergillus sp. Are dipeptides having the tryptophan examined above at the N-terminus.
- the peptide KEMFPFPKYPVEP represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 obtained from the degradation product of casein is a peptide having a relatively long length of 12 amino acids
- PVEP had an enhancement effect on the memory learning function equivalent to the original amino acid sequence, KEMFPFPKYPVEP. It is presumed that a peptide of about 12 residues having the amino acid sequence PVEP has an equivalent effect.
- Table 3 summarizes the peptides that have an enhancing effect on the memory learning function and the cognitive function.
- sequence information of a novel peptide having an effect of enhancing memory learning function and / or cognitive function could be obtained from whey and casein protein hydrolysates (SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 16). And the effect was able to be confirmed using the synthetic peptide.
- Protease agents include: Neurase F3, Protease M “Amano” SD, Protease A “Amano” SD, Protease P “Amano” 3SD, Protin SD-NY10, Samoaase PC10F, Protin SD-AY10, Papain W-40, Bromelain F As a peptidase agent, Proteax and peptidase R (Amano Enzyme Inc.) were used.
- the enzyme reaction solution obtained by treating sodium caseinate with the above enzyme was applied to a C18 solid phase extraction column. Elution was carried out stepwise with methanol 20, 40, 60, and 80% aqueous solution, and the obtained fraction was concentrated and subjected to preparative HPLC.
- a C18 column (inner diameter: 10 mm, length: 250 mm, particle system: 5 ⁇ m) was used as the separation column, the mobile phase was A liquid: 5% methanol, B liquid: methanol, and the flow rate was 5 ml / min at 0 minutes. Elution with a gradient of 0% of the solution and 80% of the B solution in 40 minutes was performed. The eluate was divided into a plurality of fractions, and each was concentrated and dried.
- Each fraction was redissolved in a solution containing a small amount of methanol and then subjected to analytical HPLC for subfractionation.
- a C18 column (inner diameter: 4.6 mm, length: 250 mm, particle system: 5 ⁇ m) was used as a separation column, and A liquid: 0.1% TFA, B liquid; 0.1% TFA, acetonitrile was used as a mobile phase. Elution with a gradient of 5% B solution at 0 minutes, 20% solution B at 30 minutes, 20% solution at 40 minutes, 5% solution B at 0 minutes, 80% solution B at 30 minutes at a flow rate of 1 ml / min It was. Detection was performed at UV 220 nm. Multiple peaks obtained by analysis were collected by repeated fractionation. Each obtained fraction was concentrated and dried to remove TFA, and redissolved in a solution containing a small amount of methanol.
- microglia's phagocytic activity and anti-inflammatory activity as indicators to obtain highly active enzyme-treated products.
- the following methods are used to evaluate microglia isolation, phagocytic activity, and anti-inflammatory activity.
- a brain tissue dispersion is obtained by treating the brain extracted from the mouse with papain. After stopping the enzyme reaction, the microglia was reacted with a CD11b antibody (manufactured by Miltenyi Biotec), which is a pan-microglia marker magnetically labeled with microbeads, and isolated by the MACS method.
- a CD11b antibody manufactured by Miltenyi Biotec
- the isolated microglia is cultured for 12 hours in a medium supplemented with various peptides. Thereafter, amyloid ⁇ 1-42 (manufactured by AnaSpec) labeled with the fluorescent dye fluorescein (FAM) was added to the medium at a concentration of 500 nM, the supernatant was removed after 5 hours of culture, and the extracellular fluorescence was quenched with trypan blue.
- the enhancement of phagocytic activity was evaluated by measuring the amount of amyloid ⁇ incorporated into microglia with a microplate reader as the amount of fluorescence.
- the isolated microglia is cultured for 12 hours in a medium supplemented with various peptides. Thereafter, 5 ng / ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS, SIGMA-ALDRICH) and 0.5 ng / ml interferon ⁇ (IFN- ⁇ , R & D systems) were added and cultured for 12 hours, and TNF contained in the culture supernatant - ⁇ was quantified by ELISA kit (eBiosceince).
- the isolated microglia is pretreated for 12 hours in a medium supplemented with 0.1,25,2.5 ⁇ M synthetic peptide (KEMFPFPKYPVEP, SMKEGIHAQQ, AVPYP, SLPQ, YPE, WM, WY).
- synthetic peptide KEMFPFPKYPVEP, SMKEGIHAQQ, AVPYP, SLPQ, YPE, WM, WY.
- CM1 indicates the result of KEMFPFPKYPVEP
- CM2 indicates the result of SMKEGIHAQQ
- CM3 indicates the result of AVPYP
- CM4 indicates the result of SLPQ
- CM5 indicates YPE.
- CM6 indicates the WM result
- CM7 indicates the WY result.
- [Anti-inflammatory activity by synthetic peptide] Peptides were synthesized based on the obtained amino acid sequences and evaluated for anti-inflammatory effects. Isolated microglia are pretreated for 12 hours in medium supplemented with 0, 25, 50, 100 ⁇ M synthetic peptides (KEMPFPKYPVEP, SMKEGIHAQQ, AVPYP, SLPQ, YPE, WM, WY). Thereafter, LPS and IFN- ⁇ were added to the medium and cultured for 12 hours in the same manner as described above, and TNF- ⁇ contained in the culture supernatant was measured by ELISA. The results are shown in FIG. In FIG.
- CM1 indicates the result of KEMFPFPKYPVEP
- CM2 indicates the result of SMKEGIHAQQ
- CM3 indicates the result of AVPYP
- CM4 indicates the result of SLPQ
- CM5 indicates YPE
- CM6 indicates the WM result
- CM7 indicates the WY result.
- sequence information of novel peptides having an effect of enhancing the phagocytic activity and / or anti-inflammatory activity of microglia could be obtained from the protein hydrolyzate of whey and casein (SEQ ID NOs: 1, 6, 9). , 12, 13, 14, 17). And the effect was able to be confirmed using the synthetic peptide.
- the inflammatory signal is not limited to LPS, but is caused by endogenous inflammatory factors, exogenous virulence factors, etc. It was thought that alleviation of various inflammatory conditions could be expected.
- Non-patent Document 16 inflammatory conditions in nerve tissue are not limited to dementia, but are closely related to depression, pain, and chronic fatigue.
- the peptide according to the present invention enhances the phagocytic activity of microglia and also has an anti-inflammatory action, so that microglia removes waste products in the brain without causing inflammation in the brain. It is expected to contribute to the maintenance, improvement and improvement of cognitive function.
- Tables 6 to 8 show the results of the presence or absence of the peptide sequence of the present invention in the amino acid sequences of proteins contained in various foods or food materials.
- ⁇ -Casein and proteose peptone are degradation products of ⁇ -Casein, it is considered that dipeptides that have been confirmed to appear in ⁇ -Casein may also appear in ⁇ -Casein and proteose peptone. It is done.
Abstract
Description
ホエイペプチドエキスは以下のようにして調製した。5%(w/v)のホエイ(第一化成社製)水溶液に0.125%(w/v)の食品添加プロテアーゼ、又はペプチダーゼを混合し、50℃で4時間反応を行った。得られた酵素反応液を分画分子量(Molecular Weight Cut-off)10KDaの限外濾過膜を用い濾過し、濾液(以下、ホエイペプチドエキスともいう。)を回収し、実験に供した。
図1(A)に記憶学習機能・認知機能の評価方法の概要を示す。6週齢雄のCD-1マウスに、ペプチドエキスを用いた場合には、1mg/kg、合成ペプチドの場合には0.1~3μmol/kgの量で胃内へ強制経口投与を行い、40分後に記憶障害を誘発するために0.80mg/kgのスコポラミン塩酸塩を腹腔内投与した。スコポラミンの腹腔内投与20分後に自発的交替行動を評価するY字迷路試験を実施した。
自発的交替行動変動率(%)=自発的交替行動数/(総進入数-2)×100
・・・・式(1)
自発的交替行動変動率が高いほど、短期記憶が保持されていることを示す。なお、一群10匹で実験を行い、平均、標準誤差を求めた。
乳タンパク質が豊富なホエイ中に脳機能を増強させるペプチドが含まれているか解析するため、ホエイをアスペルギルス(Asperugillus)属菌、バチルス(Bacillus)属菌、植物由来の酵素剤で処理し、Y字迷路試験を行い、脳機能を増強させる効果があるか検討した。
脳機能改善効果の高い、アマノP、又はサモアーゼC100で処理したホエイペプチドエキスは、C18固相抽出カラムに供した後、水、メタノールを各20、40、60、80%含む水溶液で段階的に溶出を行った。
ホエイをAspergillus melleus由来のタンパク質分解酵素プロテアーゼP「アマノ」3SDで処理し、記憶学習機能・認知機能の増強活性のある分画中に含まれるペプチド配列を解析した結果、GTWY(配列番号7)、GYGGVSLP(配列番号3)、KPTPEGDLEI(配列番号2)の3つのペプチドの配列情報が得られた(下記表2配列表参照)。
上記解析から、脳機能の増強効果があることが明らかとなった7つのペプチドのうち4つのペプチド、VAGTWYS(配列番号4)、GTWY(配列番号7)、TWYS(配列番号8)、TWY(配列番号11)にトリプトファン-チロシン(WY)の配列が含まれることが明らかとなった。WY配列が含まれる種々のペプチドで記憶学習機能・認知機能に対する効果が見られたことから、ジペプチドWYはコア配列として作用するものと考えられる。実際にWYを含む8アミノ酸からなるペプチドに記憶学習機能・認知機能を増強する効果が見られることを確認している。したがって、少なくともWYをコア配列として含む2から8アミノ酸の長さのペプチド、また、本発明で効果が得られている最長のペプチドが12アミノ酸からなるペプチドであることを鑑みると、WY配列を含む12残基程度までの長さのペプチドであれば、記憶学習機能・認知機能の増強効果があるものと考えられる。
ホエイペプチドエキス中で各種ペプチドがどの程度効果発揮に寄与しているか以下の方法で確認した。
乳に含まれるホエイ以外のタンパク質として、カゼインが含まれることが良く知られている。そこで、カゼイン(和光純薬工業株式会社製)を、上記表1に示した酵素剤のうち、アスペルギルス属菌由来の酵素剤であるプロテアーゼM「アマノ」SD(アマノMと略記することもある。)で消化し、記憶学習機能・認知機能増強活性を有するペプチドの解析を行った。ホエイの場合と同様にして、カゼインをアマノMで分解したペプチドエキスを、HPLCで分画し、活性のある分画のアミノ酸配列を決定した。その結果、記憶学習機能・認知機能増強活性のあるペプチドとして、KEMPFPKYPVEP(配列番号1)、AVPYP(配列番号6)、SLPQ(配列番号9)、YPE(配列番号12)、WY(配列番号13)、WM(配列番号14)の6つの配列情報を得ることができた。
以下の方法でミクログリアの貪食活性および抗炎症活性を増強するカゼインペプチドを単離同定した。
カゼインナトリウム(和光純薬工業社製)を食品添加プロテアーゼ、ペプチダーゼを用いて処理した。プロテアーゼ剤としては、ニューラーゼF3、プロテアーゼM「アマノ」SD、プロテアーゼA「アマノ」SD、プロテアーゼP「アマノ」3SD、プロチンSD-NY10,サモアーゼPC10F,プロチンSD-AY10、パパインW-40、ブロメラインF、ペプチダーゼ剤としては、プロテアックス、ペプチダーゼR(天野エンザイム株式会社)を用いた。
マウスより摘出した脳をパパイン処理することにより、脳組織分散液を得る。酵素反応を停止後、ミクログリアはマイクロビーズによって磁性標識された汎ミクログリアマーカーであるCD11b抗体(Miltenyi Biotec社製)と反応させ、MACS法によって単離した。
単離したミクログリアを種々のペプチドを添加した培地で12時間培養する。その後、蛍光色素フルオレセイン(FAM)で標識したアミロイドβ1-42(AnaSpec社製)を培地に500nMの濃度で添加し、5時間培養後に上清を除き、トリパンブルーで細胞外の蛍光を消光させ、マイクロプレートリーダーでミクログリア内に取り込まれたアミロイドβの量を蛍光量として測定し、貪食活性の増強を評価した。
単離したミクログリアを種々のペプチドを添加した培地で12時間培養する。その後、5ng/mlリポポリサッカライド(LPS、SIGMA-ALDRICH社)及び0.5ng/mlインターフェロンγ(IFN-γ、R&D systems社)を添加して12時間培養し、培養上清中に含まれるTNF-αをELISAキット(eBiosceince社)により定量した。
上記方法によって、ミクログリアの貪食活性の増強作用、抗炎症活性の増強作用を有する7種のペプチドを得た。すべての精製ペプチドについて、N末端アミノ酸配列分析を行い、アミノ酸配列を取得した。表4に取得したペプチドのアミノ酸配列を1文字表記で示す。
次に、取得したアミノ酸配列に基づいてペプチドを合成し、ミクログリアの貪食活性を評価した。
取得したアミノ酸配列に基づいてペプチドを合成し、抗炎症作用について評価した。単離したミクログリアを、0、25、50、100μMの合成ペプチド(KEMPFPKYPVEP、SMKEGIHAQQ、AVPYP、SLPQ、YPE、WM、WY)を添加した培地で12時間前処理する。その後は上記と同様に、LPS及びIFN-γを培地に添加して、12時間培養し、培養上清中に含まれるTNF-αをELISAにより測定した。結果を図11に示す。なお、図11では「CM1」がKEMPFPKYPVEPの結果を示し、「CM2」がSMKEGIHAQQの結果を示し、「CM3」がAVPYPの結果を示し、「CM4」がSLPQの結果を示し、「CM5」がYPEの結果を示し、「CM6」がWMの結果を示し、「CM7」がWYの結果を示す。
配列番号12~16のペプチド配列が各種食品または食品素材に含まれるタンパク質のアミノ酸配列中に存在するか調べた。具体的には、下記表5に示す34種類のタンパク質のアミノ酸配列中にそれらペプチドの配列が現れるかを調べた。
上記同様に調製したホエイペプチドエキスを用いてコーヒー飲料および果汁飲料を製造した。各飲料組成および製法は表9及び表10に示す。
Claims (10)
- 記憶学習機能及び/又は認知機能を増強するための組成物であって、配列番号1~16のいずれか一つのアミノ酸配列を含むペプチド、又はこれらの薬学上許容される塩もしくは溶媒和物を含有することを特徴とする組成物。
- 前記ペプチドのアミノ酸配列が、配列番号1~16のいずれか一つのアミノ酸配列である請求項1記載の組成物。
- 記憶学習機能及び/又は認知機能を増強するための食品である、請求項1又は2記載の組成物。
- 記憶学習機能及び/又は認知機能を増強するための医薬である、請求項1又は2記載の組成物。
- 前記ペプチドが、食品又は食品素材中に含まれるタンパク質の加水分解によって生成したものである、請求項1~4のいずれか1つに記載の組成物
- 前記ペプチドが、乳タンパク質又はそれを含有する食品もしくは食品素材を微生物由来の酵素剤で酵素処理することによって得られたものである、請求項1~5のいずれか1つに記載の組成物。
- 前記乳タンパク質又はそれを含有する食品もしくは食品素材が、ホエイ又はカゼインである請求項6記載の組成物。
- 前記酵素剤が、アスペルギルス属菌由来の酵素、バチルス属菌由来の酵素、及びリゾプス属菌由来の酵素からなる群から選ばれた1種又は2種以上の酵素を含むものである請求項6又は7記載の組成物。
- ミクログリアの貪食活性及び/又は抗炎症活性を増強するための組成物であって、配列番号1、6、9、12、13、14、17のいずれか一つのアミノ酸配列を含むペプチド、又はこれらの薬学上許容される塩もしくは溶媒和物を含有することを特徴とする組成物。
- 前記ペプチドのアミノ酸配列が、配列番号1、6、9、12、13、14、17のいずれか一つのアミノ酸配列である請求項9記載の組成物。
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