Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
  • A61K31/4245—Oxadiazoles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
  • A61K31/433—Thidiazoles
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D285/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D275/00 - C07D283/00
  • C07D285/01—Five-membered rings
  • C07D285/02—Thiadiazoles; Hydrogenated thiadiazoles
  • C07D285/04—Thiadiazoles; Hydrogenated thiadiazoles not condensed with other rings
  • C07D285/12—1,3,4-Thiadiazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3,4-thiadiazoles
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
  • C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D307/38—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D307/40—Radicals substituted by oxygen atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D413/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D417/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F1/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F1/02—Lithium compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F19/00—Metal compounds according to more than one of main groups C07F1/00 - C07F17/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F3/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 2 or 12 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F3/02—Magnesium compounds

Definitions

• This invention is directed to an improved process for the preparation of compounds of Formula (I), which are useful as PDE10 inhibitors.
• the present invention is directed to an improved process for the preparation of l-(5-(4- chloro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)furan-2-yl)-2-ethoxy-2-(4-(5-methyl-l,3,4-thiadiazol-2- yl)phenyl)ethanone (Compound 1001), which is useful as a PDE10 inhibitor.
• A is:
• Ri is Ci_ 6 alkyl, Ci_ 6 haloalkyl, Ci_ 6 aralkyl, aryl, -(CH 2 ) solicit0(CH 2 ) m CH 3 or -(CH 2 ) administratN(CH 3 ) 2 ;
• R 2 is (i) substituted or unsubstituted aryl or (ii) substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl;
• R 3 is substituted or unsubstituted aryl
• R4 is hydrogen, Ci_ 6 alkyl or Ci_ 6 haloalkyl
• n 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6;
• n 0, 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
• X is CI or Br.
• Compound 1001 The compounds having the structure of Formula (I), Formula (II), Formula (III) and Compound 1001 fall within the scope of PDEIO inhibitors disclosed in International PCT Application Publication No. WO 2011/112828.
• Compound 1001 (l-(5-(4-chloro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)furan-2-yl)-2-ethoxy-2-(4-(5-methyl-l,3,4- thiadiazol-2-yl)phenyl)ethanone) is specifically disclosed as compound no.
• Compound 1002 (l-(5-(4-bromo-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)furan-2-yl)-2-ethoxy-2-(4-(5- methyl- 1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenyl)ethanone) is specifically disclosed as compound no. 47-1; and Compound 1003 (l-(5-(4-chloro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)furan-2-yl)-2- ethoxy-2-(4-(5 -methyl- 1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenyl)ethanone) is specifically disclosed as compound no. 63-1 in International PCT Application No. WO 2011/112828.
• the compounds having the structure of Formula (I), Formula (II), and compounds 1001- 1003 can be prepared according to the general procedures found in International PCT Application Publication No. WO 2011/112828, which are herein incorporated by reference.
• the compounds of Formula (II) and Compound 1001 in particular have a complex structure and their synthesis is very challenging.
• Known synthetic methods face practical limitations and are not economical for large-scale production.
• the present invention fulfills these needs and provides further related advantages.
• the present invention is directed to a synthetic process for preparing compounds of Formula (II), in particular, Compounds 1001-1003, using the synthetic steps described herein.
• the present invention is also directed to particular individual steps of this process and particular individual intermediates used in this process.
• a process is provided to prepare a compound of
• X is CI or Br
• R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are each independently C(i according to the following General Scheme (I):
• M is a Group I metal, a Group II metal, Cu, or Zn;
• R, R 2 , and R 3 are each independently Q ⁇ alkyl
• n 1, 2, 3, or 4;
• p 1, 2, 3, or 4;
• Another aspect of the invention provides a process to prepare a compound of Formula H 1 :
• M is a Group I metal, a Group II metal, Cu, or Zn,
• R, R 2 , and R 3 are each independently Q ⁇ alkyl
• X is CI or Br
• n 1, 2, 3, or 4
• p 1, 2, 3, or 4;
• a process is provided to prepare a compound of
• M is a Group I metal, a Group II metal, Cu, or Zn;
• R is C(i_6)alkyl
• n 1, 2, 3, or 4;
• p 1, 2, 3, or 4;
• Another aspect of the invention provides a process to prepare a compound of Formula Hl-1 :
• M is a Group I metal, a Group II metal, Cu, or Zn,
• R is C(i_6 ) alkyl
• X is CI or Br
• n 1, 2, 3, or 4
• p 1, 2, 3, or 4;
• Another aspect of the invention provides a process to prepare Compounds 1001-1003 or a salt thereof in accordance with the above General Scheme (I)-
• Another aspect of the invention provides a process to prepare Compounds 1001-1003 or a salt thereof in accordance with the above General Scheme (III).
• Another aspect of the invention provides novel intermediates useful in the production of compounds of Formula (II), Formula (III), or Compounds 1001-1003.
• the invention provides an intermediate compound having the structure of Formula HI :
• M is a Group I metal, a Group II metal, Cu, or Zn,
• R, R 2 , and R 3 are each independently Q ⁇ alkyl
• X is CI or Br
• n 1, 2, 3, or 4
• p 1, 2, 3, or 4.
• the invention provides one or more intermediates selected from:
• Amino refers to the -NH 2 radical.
• Niro refers to the -N0 2 radical.
• Ci_6alkyl means a straight chain or branched, noncyclic or cyclic, unsaturated or saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
• Representative saturated straight chain alkyls include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n- butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, and the like; while saturated branched alkyls include isopropyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, isopentyl, and the like.
• Representative saturated cyclic alkyls include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and the like; while unsaturated cyclic alkyls include cyclopentenyl and cyclohexenyl, and the like.
• Unsaturated alkyls contain at least one double or triple bond between adjacent carbon atoms (referred to as an "alkenyl” or “alkynyl”, respectively).
• Representative straight chain and branched alkenyls include ethylenyl, propylenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, isobutylenyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3 -methyl- 1-butenyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, 2,3- dimethyl-2-butenyl, and the like; while representative straight chain and branched alkynyls include acetylenyl, propynyl, 1-butynyl, 2- butynyl, 1-pentynyl, 2-pentynyl, 3- methyl-l-butynyl, and the like.
• Ci_6alkylene or “Ci_6alkylene chain” refers to a straight or branched divalent hydrocarbon chain linking the rest of the molecule to a radical group, consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen, which is saturated or unsaturated (i.e., contains one or more double and/or triple bonds), and having from one to six carbon atoms, e.g., methylene, ethylene, propylene, n-butylene, ethenylene, propenylene, n-butenylene, propynylene, n-butynylene, and the like.
• the alkylene chain is attached to the rest of the molecule through a single or double bond and to the radical group through a single or double bond.
• the points of attachment of the alkylene chain to the rest of the molecule and to the radical group can be through one carbon or any two carbons within the chain.
• Ci_6alkoxy refers to a radical of the formula -OR a where R a is an alkyl radical as defined above, for example, methoxy, ethoxy and the like.
• Aryl means a hydrocarbon ring system radical comprising hydrogen, 6 to 18 carbon atoms and at least one aromatic ring.
• the aryl radical may be a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic or tetracyclic ring system, which may include fused or bridged ring systems.
• Aryl radicals include, but are not limited to, aryl radicals derived from aceanthrylene, acenaphthylene, acephenanthrylene, anthracene, azulene, benzene, chrysene, fluoranthene, fluorene, as-indacene, s-indacene, indane, indene, naphthalene, phenalene, phenanthrene, pleiadene, pyrene, and triphenylene.
• Ci_6aralkyl means a radical of the formula -R b -R c where R b is an alkylene chain as defined above and R c is one or more aryl radicals as defined above, for example, benzyl, diphenylmethyl and the like.
• Cycloalkyl or “carbocyclic ring” refers to a stable non-aromatic monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon radical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, which may include fused or bridged ring systems, having from three to fifteen carbon atoms, preferably having from three to ten carbon atoms, and which is saturated or unsaturated and attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond.
• Monocyclic radicals include, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl.
• Polycyclic radicals include, for example, adamantyl, norbornyl, decalinyl, 7,7-dimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl, and the like.
• Halo or halogen refers to bromo, chloro, fluoro or iodo.
• Ci_ 6 haloalkyl refers to a Ci_ 6 alkyl radical, as defined above, that is substituted by one or more halo radicals, as defined above, e.g. , trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 1 ,2-difluoroethyl, 3-bromo-2-fluoropropyl, 1 ,2-dibromoethyl, and the like.
• Heterocycle or “heterocyclyl” means a 4- to 7-membered monocyclic, or 7- to 10-membered bicyclic, heterocyclic ring which is either saturated, unsaturated or aromatic, and which contains from 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and wherein the nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms may be optionally oxidized, and the nitrogen heteroatom may be optionally quaternized, including bicyclic rings in which any of the above heterocycles are fused to a benzene ring.
• the heterocycle may be attached via any heteroatom or carbon atom.
• An aromatic heterocycle is referred to herein as a "heteroaryl", and includes (but is not limited to) furyl, benzofuranyl, thiophenyl, benzothiophenyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, azaindolyl, pyridyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, oxazolyl, isooxazolyl, benzoxazolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, benzimidazolyl, thiazolyl, benzothiazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, indazolyl and quina
• heterocycles also include morpholinyl, pyrrolidinonyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, and the like.
• heterocycles also include benzothiophen-2-yl, 2,3-dihydrobenzo-l ,4-dioxin-6-yl, benzo-l ,3-dioxol-5-yl and the like.
• substituted as used herein (for example, in the context of a substituted heterocyclyl or substituted aryl) means that at least one hydrogen atom is replaced with a substituent.
• R a and R b in this context may be the same or different and independently hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclyl.
• the foregoing substituents may be further substituted with one or more of the above substituents.
• the compounds of the present invention may generally be utilized as the free acid or free base. Alternatively, the compounds of this invention may be used in the form of acid or base addition salts. Acid addition salts of the free amino compounds of the present invention may be prepared by methods well known in the art, and may be formed from organic and inorganic acids. Suitable organic acids include maleic, fumaric, benzoic, ascorbic, succinic, methanesulfonic, acetic, trifluoroacetic, oxalic, propionic, tartaric, salicylic, citric, gluconic, lactic, mandelic, cinnamic, aspartic, stearic, palmitic, glycolic, glutamic, and benzenesulfonic acids.
• Suitable inorganic acids include hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, phosphoric, and nitric acids.
• Base addition salts included those salts that form with the carboxylate anion and include salts formed with organic and inorganic cations such as those chosen from the alkali and alkaline earth metals (for example, lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, barium and calcium), as well as the ammonium ion and substituted derivatives thereof (for example, dibenzylammonium, benzylammonium, 2-hydroxyethylammonium, and the like).
• the term "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" of formulas (I), (II), and (III) is intended to encompass any and all acceptable salt forms.
• the present invention is directed to a synthetic process for preparing compounds of Formula (II) and Formula (III), in particular, Compounds 1001-1003, using the synthetic steps described herein.
• the present invention is also directed to particular individual steps of this process and particular individual intermediates used in this process.
• reaction conditions and reaction times may vary depending upon the particular reactants used. Unless otherwise specified, solvents, temperatures, pressures, and other reaction conditions may be readily selected by one of ordinary skill in the art. Typically, reaction progress may be monitored by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) or Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, if desired, and intermediates and products may be purified by chromatography and/or by recrystallization or precipitation with or without treatment with carbon.
• HPLC High Pressure Liquid Chromatography
• NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
• the present invention is directed to the multi-step synthetic method for preparing compounds of Formula (II), and, in particular, Compounds 1001-1003, as set forth in General Schemes (I) and (II).
• a process is provided to prepare a compound of Formula (II):
• X is CI or Br
• R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are each independently C(i_6 ) alkyl, according to the following General Scheme (I):
• M is a Group I metal, a Group II metal, Cu, or Zn;
• R, R 2 , and R 3 are each independently Q ⁇ alkyl
• n 1, 2, 3, or 4;
• p 1, 2, 3, or 4;
• M is Mg.
• R 1 is methyl, ethyl or propyl.
• R 1 is ethyl
• R 2 is methyl, ethyl or propyl.
• R 2 is methyl
• R 3 is methyl, ethyl or propyl.
• R 3 is methyl
• R is butyl.
• the acid catalyst used to create acetal CI is para-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate.
• the suitable source of orthoformate is triethyl orthoformate.
• the metal catalyst of the cyanation step is a cobalt salt.
• the metal catalyst of the cynation step is CoCl 2 .
• the cyanide source is trimethylsilyl cyanide.
• the suitable acid of the hydrolysis step is HC1.
• the suitable base of the amidation step is triethylamine.
• the suitable coupling reagent of the amidation step is propylphosphonic anhydride.
• the source amine is ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride.
• M is a Group I metal, a Group II metal, Cu, or Zn,
• R, R 2 , and R 3 are each independently Q ⁇ alkyl
• X is CI or Br
• n 1, 2, 3, or 4
• p 1, 2, 3, or 4;
• R 2 is methyl, ethyl, or propyl.
• R 2 is methyl
• R 3 is methyl, ethyl, or propyl.
• R 3 is methyl
• R is butyl
• X is CI. In further embodiments of the process of General Scheme (II), X is Br. In further embodiments of the process of General Scheme (II), M is a
• M is a Group II metal.
• M is Mg. In further embodiments of the process of General Scheme (II), M is Cu.
• M is Zn.
• the lithium alkyl metal base is a lithium alkylmagnesate base.
• the lithium alkyl metal base is Bu 4 MgLi 2 .
• the compound of Formula HI is a compound of Formula Hl-1 : wherein
• M is a Group I metal, a Group II metal, Cu, or Zn,
• R is C(i_6)alkyl
• X is CI or Br
• n 1, 2, 3, or 4
• p 1, 2, 3, or 4.
• the compound of Formula H 1-1 is:
• the present invention is directed to the multi-step synthetic method for preparing compounds of Formula (II) and, in particular, Compounds 1001-1003, as set forth in General Schemes (III) and (IV).
• a process is provided to prepare a compound of Formula (III):
• M is a Group I metal, a Group II metal, Cu, or Zn;
• R is C(i_6)alkyl
• n 1, 2, 3, or 4;
• p 1, 2, 3, or 4;
• X is CI. In further embodiments of the process of General Scheme (III), X is Br. In further embodiments of the process of General Scheme (III), M is a Group II metal.
• M is Mg.
• R is butyl
• the acid catalyst used to create acetal Cl-1 is para-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate.
• the suitable source of orthoformate is triethyl orthoformate.
• the metal catalyst of the cyanation step is a cobalt salt.
• the metal catalyst of the cynation step is CoCl 2 .
• the cyanide source is trimethylsilyl cyanide.
• the suitable acid of the hydrolysis step is HC1.
• the suitable base of the amidation step is triethylamine.
• the suitable coupling reagent of the amidation step is propylphosphonic anhydride.
• the source amine is ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride.
• M is a Group I metal, a Group II metal, Cu, or Zn,
• R is C(i_6)alkyl
• X is CI or Br
• n 1, 2, 3, or 4
• p 1, 2, 3, or 4;
• a lithium alkyl metal base from R n -Li and a metal halide comprising M, wherein n is 1, 2, 3 4, or 5;
• X is CI. In further embodiments of the process of General Scheme (IV), X is Br. In further embodiments of the process of General Scheme (IV), M is a Group (I) metal.
• M is a Group II metal.
• M is Mg.
• M is Cu. In further embodiments of the process of General Scheme (IV), M is Zn. In further embodiments of the process of General Scheme (IV), R is butyl.
• the lithium alkyl metal base is a lithium alkylmagnesate base.
• the lithium alkyl metal base is Bu 4 MgLi 2 .
• the compound of Formula H 1 - 1 is a compound of Formula H 1 - 1 a:
• Additional embodiments of the invention are directed to the individual steps of the multistep general synthetic methods described above in (I)-(IV) and the individual intermediates used in these steps. These intermediates of the present invention are described in detail below. All substituent groups in the intermediates described below are as defined in the multi-step method above.
• Preferred anionic coupling reagents are selected from a compound having a structure according to Formula HI :
• M is a Group I metal, a Group II metal, Cu, or Zn,
• R, R 2 , and R 3 are each independently Q ⁇ alkyl
• X is CI or Br
• n 1, 2, 3, or 4
• p 1, 2, 3, or 4.
• Preferred anionic coupling reagents are selected from a compound having a structure according to Formula Hl-1 :
• M is a Group I metal, a Group II metal, Cu, or Zn,
• R is C(i_6 ) alkyl
• X is CI or Br
• n 1, 2, 3, or 4
• M is Mg.
• Preferred anionic coupling reagents are selected from a compound having a structure according to Formula HI -la:
• X is CI
• X is Br
• the anionic coupling reagent has the following structure:
• a preferred nitrile intermediate has the following structure:
• a preferred acetal intermediate has the following structure:
• reaction progress may be monitored by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), if desired, and intermediates and products may be purified by chromatography and/or by recrystallization or precipitation with or without treatment with carbon.
• HPLC High Pressure Liquid Chromatography
• the present invention is directed to the multi-step synthetic method for preparing Compound 1001 as set forth in Examples 1-8.
• steps to form El-la from Bl-la can be performed without isolation of purified synthetic intermediates.
• Bl-la (100.4 g, 0.490 mol) with para- toluenesulfonic acid (catalytic amount) and toluene at room temperature. Ethanol and triethyl orthoformate were charged, followed by a toluene rinse each.
• the batch was heated to 45 °C. More para-toluenesulfonic acid (catalytic amount) was added and heating was continued for 2 hours.
• Anhydrous K 2 CO 3 was added and the batch was partially concentrated under vacuum. Toluene was added, and the batch was again partially concentrated. The batch was filtered to remove solids. The reactor and filter were rinsed with toluene.
• the wet cake of Dl-la was charged to a reactor followed by concentrated HC1 and water at 20-25 °C. The batch was heated to 60 °C for 3.5 hours. Celite and acetonitrile were added and the batch was filtered over Darco G60 carbon and Celite. The filtrate was charged to the reactor and heated to 60-70 °C. Water was slowly added and then cooled down to 25 °C. The solid was collected by filtration, washed with water and dried to give 105 g El-la (77% yield) as a white solid.
• Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0.46 g, 0.4 mmol) was added and the mixture was degassed again then heated at 60 °C for 17 hrs. Volatiles were removed in vacuo then methanol (10 mL) was added and the slurry was stirred at 60 °C for 2h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, and the solids were collected. The solid was slurried in hot methanol then filtered and dried to give 2-(4-chloro-3, 5- dimethoxyphenyl) furan (3.18 g, 67%> yield).

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