WO2015162992A1 - 導波路型スロットアレイアンテナ及びスロットアレイアンテナモジュール - Google Patents
導波路型スロットアレイアンテナ及びスロットアレイアンテナモジュール Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015162992A1 WO2015162992A1 PCT/JP2015/055444 JP2015055444W WO2015162992A1 WO 2015162992 A1 WO2015162992 A1 WO 2015162992A1 JP 2015055444 W JP2015055444 W JP 2015055444W WO 2015162992 A1 WO2015162992 A1 WO 2015162992A1
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- waveguide
- array antenna
- slot array
- wall
- dielectric layer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/22—Longitudinal slot in boundary wall of waveguide or transmission line
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0037—Particular feeding systems linear waveguide fed arrays
- H01Q21/0043—Slotted waveguides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a waveguide slot array antenna and a slot array antenna module including the waveguide slot array antenna.
- WiGig (registered trademark) is drawing attention as the next generation wireless LAN standard.
- WiGig ultra-high-speed wireless transmission at a maximum of 6.75 Gbit / sec is realized using a millimeter wave in the 60 GHz band. For this reason, it is anticipated that the antenna for 60 GHz band will be mounted on consumer equipment such as personal computers and smartphones with a large market scale, and the demand is expected to expand.
- a waveguide slot array antenna in which a plurality of slots are formed on one surface of a metal waveguide is known.
- a waveguide slot array antenna described in Patent Document 1 is known as a waveguide slot array antenna in which reflection generated in each slot is reduced.
- the waveguide slot array antenna described in Patent Document 1 has a configuration in which a wall plate is formed inside a metal waveguide in which a slot is formed, and a reflected wave from the slot is canceled by a reflected wave from the wall plate. It has been adopted.
- the waveguide slot array antenna described in Patent Document 1 leaves room for improvement with respect to the arrangement of the slots and wall plates. .
- the waveguide slot array antenna described in Patent Document 1 also has the following secondary problems. That is, the waveguide slot array antenna described in Patent Document 1 includes a base body including a rectangular waveguide and a wall plate, and a slot plate provided with a plurality of slots. It is manufactured by bonding the base body produced in step 1 and the slot plate. For this reason, there existed a problem that manufacturing cost was high. In addition, it is difficult to bring the base body and the slot plate into close contact with each other, and as a result, there is a problem in that transmission quality is likely to deteriorate.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to reduce a reflection coefficient in a desired frequency range as compared with a conventional waveguide slot array antenna, and to achieve a desired frequency.
- An object of the present invention is to realize a waveguide slot array antenna capable of selectively increasing the gain in a range.
- a waveguide slot array antenna is a waveguide slot array antenna in which a plurality of slots are formed on the upper wall of a rectangular parallelepiped waveguide, Inside, a plurality of control walls perpendicular to the upper wall and side walls of the waveguide are arranged, and each of the plurality of slots straddles the boundary of the section defined by the control wall, and It is arranged so as not to overlap the control wall when viewed from above.
- a waveguide slot array antenna can be realized.
- FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a slot array antenna module including a waveguide slot array antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing of the waveguide type slot array antenna shown in FIG.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view when a part of the waveguide slot array antenna shown in FIG. 1 is viewed from above.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view when a part of the waveguide slot array antenna shown in FIG. 1 is viewed from above.
- (A) in the waveguide-type slot array antenna according to Embodiment 1 is a graph showing reflection characteristics obtained when the distance dx / lambda g varied from 0.1 to 0.31 or less.
- (B) in the waveguide-type slot array antenna is a graph showing reflection characteristics obtained when the distance dy / lambda g varied from 0.35 or more 0.48 or less.
- (B) is a graph showing a magnetic field distribution when a 67.5 GHz electromagnetic wave is fed to the waveguide slot array antenna. It is a disassembled perspective view of the slot array antenna module containing the waveguide type slot array antenna which concerns on a 1st modification. It is a disassembled perspective view of the slot array antenna module containing the waveguide type slot array antenna which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention.
- (A) is sectional drawing of the slot array antenna module shown in FIG. 9, and shows the structure of a feed pin and a post.
- (B) is sectional drawing of the slot array antenna module of another aspect obtained by changing the structure of the feed pin of the slot array antenna module. It is a disassembled perspective view of the slot array antenna module containing the waveguide type slot array antenna which concerns on a 2nd modification.
- Embodiment 1 A waveguide slot array antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
- FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a slot array antenna module 1 including a waveguide slot array antenna 1A according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the waveguide slot array antenna according to the present embodiment.
- the slot array antenna module 1 includes a waveguide slot array antenna 1A and a waveguide 1B as shown in FIG.
- the waveguide slot array antenna 1A has a structure in which a first conductor layer 11, a first dielectric layer 12, and a second conductor layer 13 are laminated in this order.
- the waveguide slot array antenna 1 ⁇ / b> A is configured by the first conductor layer 11 and the second conductor layer 13 that face each other with the first dielectric layer 12 interposed therebetween.
- the main surface of the first conductor layer 11, the main surface of the first dielectric layer 12, and the main surface of the second conductor layer 13 are all xy planes in the coordinate system shown in FIG. They are arranged in parallel.
- the main surface means a surface having the largest area among the six surfaces constituting the rectangular parallelepiped member.
- a metal such as copper can be used.
- glass such as quartz glass, fluorine resin, such as PTFE, a liquid crystal polymer, or a cycloolefin polymer can be used.
- a plurality of slots 11d1 to 11d6 are formed in the first conductor layer 11.
- the slots 11d1 to 11d6 are rectangular openings formed in the first conductor layer 11, and are arranged in a staggered pattern when the waveguide slot array antenna 1A is viewed from above.
- the top view means that the object is viewed from the positive z-axis direction in the coordinate system shown in FIG. Further, more specific arrangement of the slots 11d1 to 11d6 will be described later with reference to another drawing.
- the post wall 12a is a set of a plurality of conductor posts 12a1, 12a2,..., 12aM arranged in a fence shape.
- the region surrounded on all sides by the post wall 12a is arranged so that its longitudinal direction is parallel to the y-axis in the coordinate system shown in FIG.
- a region surrounded on all sides by the post wall 12a and sandwiched between the first conductor layer 11 and the second conductor layer 13 functions as a waveguide of the waveguide slot array antenna 1A.
- the post wall 12a functions as a side wall of the waveguide
- the first conductor layer 11 functions as an upper wall of the waveguide
- the second conductor layer 13 functions as a lower wall of the waveguide.
- the x-axis positive side wall is the right side wall
- the x-axis negative direction side wall is the left side wall
- the y-axis positive direction side wall is the front side wall
- the y-axis negative direction is the side wall
- the side wall is referred to as a rear side wall.
- the front and rear side walls are sometimes referred to as short walls.
- Control walls 12c1 to 12c6 orthogonal to both the upper wall and the left and right side walls of the waveguide (that is, parallel to the zx plane in FIG. 1) are formed inside the waveguide of the waveguide slot array antenna 1A.
- Control walls 12c1, 12c3, 12c5, which are odd-numbered control walls counted from the side closer to the opening 13a extend from the vicinity of the right side wall to the left (in the negative x-axis direction in FIG. 1).
- the control walls 12c2, 12c4, 12c6, which are even-numbered control walls counted from the side closer to the opening 13a extend from the vicinity of the left side wall in the right direction (the x-axis positive direction in FIG. 1). Therefore, it can be said that each of the control walls 12c1 to 12c6 is staggered.
- the coordinate system shown in FIG. 1 is determined as follows. That is, (1) The longitudinal direction of the waveguide provided in the first dielectric layer 12 is the y-axis. The direction of the y-axis is determined so that the direction from the feeding portion of the waveguide toward the tip of the waveguide is a positive direction. (2) The axis parallel to the thickness direction of the first dielectric layer 12 is taken as the z-axis. The direction of the z-axis is determined so that the direction from the second conductor layer 13 toward the first conductor layer 11 is a positive direction. (3) The length in the width direction of the waveguide provided in the first dielectric layer 12 is taken as the x-axis. The direction of the x-axis is determined so that the x-axis forms a right-handed system together with the y-axis and the z-axis described above.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the waveguide slot array antenna 1A in the zx plane passing through the control wall 12c1.
- the control wall 12c1 is a set of three conductor posts 12c1a, 12c1b, and 12c1c.
- Each of the conductor posts 12c1a to 12c1c is a cylindrical conductor having an upper end connected to the first conductor layer 11 and a lower end connected to the second conductor layer 13, and more specifically, the first dielectric layer. It is conductor plating formed on the wall surface of the through hole formed in the body layer 12.
- the conductor posts 12c1a, 12c1b, and 12c1c are arranged at intervals sufficiently shorter than the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave propagating through the waveguide of the waveguide slot array antenna 1A. Further, the distance between the conductor post 12c1a constituting the control wall and the conductor post 12ai constituting the side wall is also set sufficiently shorter than the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave propagating through the waveguide of the waveguide slot array antenna 1A. Accordingly, the control wall 12c1 that is a set of the conductor posts 12c1a, 12c1b, and 12c1c functions as a post wall that reflects electromagnetic waves.
- control wall 12c1 is a post wall parallel to the zx plane extending in the negative x-axis direction from the right side wall of the waveguide of the waveguide slot array antenna 1A.
- Other odd-numbered control walls, control walls 12c3 and 12c5, are configured in the same manner as the control wall 12c1.
- the control walls 12c2, 12c4 and 12c6, which are even-numbered control walls, are post walls parallel to the zx plane extending in the positive x-axis direction from the left side wall of the waveguide of the waveguide slot array antenna 1A.
- the width is the same as the width of the control wall 12c1.
- the waveguide width W of the waveguide slot array antenna 1A is defined as the distance between the wall centers of the left and right side walls of the waveguide (see FIG. 3). Further, the width W cw of the control wall is determined by taking the control wall 12c1 as an example, and the distance between the wall center on the right side wall of the waveguide and the side wall farthest from the right side wall of the conductor post 12c1c farthest from the right side wall Define (see FIG. 3).
- Each of the slots 11d1 to 11d6 is located at the boundary between the first dielectric layer having a different relative dielectric constant and the air, and therefore reflects a part of the electromagnetic wave propagating through the waveguide in the first dielectric layer 12.
- the waveguide slot array antenna 1A includes the control wall group including the control walls 12c1 to 12c6, the magnetic field distribution in the vicinity of one of the slots 11d1 to 11d6 adjacent to the adjacent slot (for example, the slot 11d1), The magnetic field distribution in the vicinity of the other slot (for example, the slot 11d2) can be made to have a similar distribution shape (see FIG. 7A).
- the waveguide type slot array antenna 1A can make the amplitude of the reflected wave caused by the one slot equal to (or close to) the amplitude of the reflected wave caused by the other slot.
- the magnetic field distribution in the waveguide slot array antenna 1A will be described later with reference to FIG.
- the interval d p at which the control walls 12c1 to 12c6 are periodically arranged is adjusted, and the phase difference between the reflected wave caused by the one slot and the reflected wave caused by the other slot is set to 180 °.
- the waveguide slot array antenna 1A can cancel reflected waves caused by adjacent slots.
- the width W cw of each of the control walls 12c1 to 12c6 is preferably equal to or more than half of the waveguide width W of the waveguide slot array antenna 1A. According to the above configuration, even when the amplitude of the reflected wave caused by each of the slots 11d1 to 11d6 is large, the control walls 12c1 to 12c6 generate a reflected wave having an amplitude sufficient to cancel the reflected wave. Can be made. Therefore, the waveguide slot array antenna 1A can keep the reflection coefficient sufficiently small.
- the second conductor layer 13 has an opening 13a.
- the waveguide 1B is connected to the waveguide slot array antenna 1A so that the waveguide 1Ba in the waveguide 1B communicates with the waveguide of the waveguide slot array antenna 1A through the opening 13a.
- the waveguide 1B is a power supply unit that supplies electromagnetic waves to the waveguide slot array antenna 1A.
- the waveguide 1B is a tubular member whose both ends are open, and its tube wall is made of a conductor such as metal.
- the cavity formed inside the waveguide 1B may be filled with air or may be filled with a dielectric other than air, but in the present embodiment, the former configuration is adopted.
- the cavity functions as a waveguide 1Ba that guides electromagnetic waves.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view of the waveguide slot array antenna 1A as viewed from above, and is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the control walls 12c1 and 12c2.
- Each of the slots 11d1 to 11d6 is a rectangular opening having a long side parallel to the side wall of the first dielectric layer 12 and a short side perpendicular to the side wall of the waveguide.
- the waveguide provided in the first dielectric layer 12 is divided into seven sections by the control walls 12c1 to 12c6.
- the section from 12c4 corresponds to the section.
- Each of the slots 11d1 to 11d6 provided in the first conductor layer 11 straddles the boundary of the section defined by each of the control walls 12c1 to 12c6 when the waveguide slot array antenna 1A is viewed from above.
- the control walls 12c1 to 12c6 are arranged so as not to overlap with the control walls that divide the adjacent section through the boundary.
- the slot 11d1 is arranged so as to straddle the boundary between the section (1) and the section (2) defined by the control wall 12c1, and the boundary It is arrange
- the slot 11d2 is arranged so as to straddle the boundary between the section (2) and the section (3) defined by the control wall 12c2, and is adjacent to the section (2) and the section via the boundary. They are arranged so as not to overlap with the control wall 12c2, which is a control wall that divides (3). Since the arrangement of the slots 11d3 to 11d6 is the same as the arrangement of the slots 11d1 and 11d2, the description thereof is omitted.
- Distance d p is the spacing of the control wall between the center frequency f 0 guide wavelength in [Hz] of the operating band as lambda g, is preferably the same level as ⁇ g / 2 [mm]. Note that the frequency at which the reflection coefficient is minimum in the waveguide type slot array antenna 1A strongly depends on the relative arrangement of the control walls and the slots constituting the unit structure as described later in the embodiment. Therefore, the interval d p that is periodically arranged can change depending on the relative arrangement of the control wall and the slot constituting the unit structure, and does not necessarily have to be close to ⁇ g / 2.
- the plurality of control walls may be arranged side by side on one side of the waveguide (on the right or left side of the tube axis (center)) so as to be along the waveguide axis of the waveguide, instead of being staggered. .
- Each slot is arranged on the opposite side (left side wall side or right side wall side) of the corresponding control wall so as to straddle the boundary of the section.
- the distance d p that is the distance between the control walls is not essential, but is preferably about the same as ⁇ g [mm].
- f is a frequency
- fc is a cut-off frequency
- the speed of light is c
- the width of the waveguide is W
- the relative permittivity of the medium of the waveguide is ⁇ r
- the relative permeability is ⁇ r
- ⁇ / cos ⁇ is the guide wavelength ⁇ g.
- FIG. 4 is a plan view when the waveguide slot array antenna 1A is viewed from above, and is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the conversion unit that converts the waveguide mode of electromagnetic waves.
- control posts 12b1 and 12b2 disposed in the vicinity of the opening 13a are preferably formed in the first dielectric layer 12. More specifically, the control posts 12b1 and 12b2 are configured so that the control posts 12b1 and 12b2 have two sides parallel to the left and right side walls of the waveguide in the first dielectric layer 12 among the four sides constituting the opening 13a. It is preferable that it is arranged inside the extended line extending in the positive direction.
- the control posts 12b1 and 12b2 are cylindrical conductors whose upper ends are connected to the first conductor layer 11 and whose lower ends are connected to the second conductor layer 13, more specifically, the first dielectric body. It is a conductor plating formed on the wall surface of the through hole formed in the layer 12.
- an area located on the y-axis negative direction side of the control posts 12b1 and 12b2 and surrounded on three sides by the post wall 12a and surrounded by the other one by the control posts 12b1 and 12b2 is a conversion unit. Is written.
- This conversion unit can also be expressed as a power feeding unit to which electromagnetic waves are fed from the waveguide 1B.
- the electromagnetic wave propagating in the z-axis positive direction through the waveguide 1 ⁇ / b> Ba of the waveguide 1 ⁇ / b> B is incident on the conversion portion of the first dielectric layer 12 through the opening 13 a of the second conductor layer 13.
- the conversion unit of the first dielectric layer 12 converts the waveguide mode of the electromagnetic wave from the waveguide mode of the waveguide 1Ba to the waveguide mode of the waveguide formed in the first dielectric layer 12.
- the control posts 12b1 and 12b2 are arranged, it is possible to suppress reflection of electromagnetic waves in the conversion unit formed in the first dielectric layer 12. Therefore, according to the said structure, the loss which arises when the conversion part formed in the 1st dielectric material layer 12 converts waveguide mode can be suppressed.
- the control posts 12 b 1 and 12 b 2 function as a reflection suppression post that suppresses reflection of electromagnetic waves in the conversion unit formed in the first dielectric layer 12.
- the process of manufacturing the control walls 12c1 to 12c6 included in the waveguide slot array antenna 1A is the same as the process of manufacturing the post wall 12a, and a printed circuit board technology can be used. Therefore, the manufacturing cost of the waveguide slot array antenna 1A is equal to that of the conventional post wall waveguide antenna. Therefore, the waveguide slot array antenna 1A has better radiation characteristics and gain than the conventional waveguide slot array antenna while suppressing an increase in manufacturing cost as compared with the conventional post wall waveguide antenna. Obtainable.
- Example 1 A first example of the slot array antenna module 1 including the waveguide slot array antenna 1A according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. Refer to FIG. 3 for definitions of dx and dy in the following description.
- the waveguide slot array antenna 1A is configured by configuring each part of the converter 1 shown in FIG. 1 as follows in order to use the 60 GHz band (frequency band with 60 GHz as the center frequency) as an operating band. is there.
- First conductor layer 11 A conductor (specifically copper) plate having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m was used.
- First dielectric layer 12 A liquid crystal polymer substrate having a relative dielectric constant of 3 and a thickness of 0.6 mm was used.
- Second conductor layer 13 A conductor (specifically copper) plate having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m was used.
- Post wall 12a As a conductor post 12ai constituting the post wall 12a, a through via having a diameter of 200 ⁇ m penetrating the first conductor layer 11, the first dielectric layer 12, and the second conductor layer 13 is formed. A conductor (specifically, copper) plated one was used. The distance between the central axes of the two conductor posts 12ai and 12aj adjacent to each other was 400 ⁇ m. The width W of the waveguide formed by the post wall 12a was 2.4 mm.
- Control walls 12c1 to 12c6 As via posts constituting the control walls 12c1 to 12c6, through vias having a diameter of 200 ⁇ m that penetrate the first conductor layer 11, the first dielectric layer 12, and the second conductor layer 13 are formed.
- the through via was plated with a conductor (specifically, copper).
- the center distance between the three conductor posts (for example, conductor posts 12c1a to 12c1c) constituting the control wall was set to 400 ⁇ m. Further, the distance d p between the control walls 12c1 to 12c6 was about 1.8 mm.
- the interval between the control wall 12c2 and the slot 11d2 straddling the boundary between the two sections defined by the control wall 12c2 is defined as an interval dx.
- one of the two base points that define the distance dx is the center C of the conductor post 12c2c farthest from the left side wall of the waveguide among the conductor posts constituting the control wall 12c2.
- the other of the two base points that define the distance dx is an intersection D between the boundary between the two sections defined by the control wall 12c2 and the slot 11d2 that straddles the boundary.
- the short side of the boundary between the two sections defined by the control wall 12c2 and the short side (y-axis negative direction side) closer to the power feeding unit to which the electromagnetic wave is fed, of the two short sides provided in the slot 11d2 straddling the boundary was defined as the interval dy.
- Waveguide 1B A rectangular waveguide WR-15 (EIA standard) was used as the waveguide 1B.
- the second conductor layer 13, the first dielectric layer 12, and the first conductor layer 11 are laminated in this order on the upper surface of the end portion of the waveguide 1B, and the opening of the second conductor layer 13 is obtained.
- the waveguide of the first dielectric layer 12 and the waveguide 1Ba of the waveguide 1B communicate with each other through 13a.
- FIG. 5B is a graph showing the reflection characteristics of the waveguide type slot array antenna 1A obtained when the distance is set to 31, and FIG.
- all of the waveguide slot array antennas 1A shown in FIG. 5A are waveguide slot array antennas having good reflection characteristics.
- dx / ⁇ g is a control wall-slot distance dx normalized by the guide wavelength ⁇ g at 70 GHz. Since the wavelength ⁇ 0 in vacuum at 70 GHz is about 4.29 mm, the wavelength ⁇ in a dielectric with a relative dielectric constant of 3 is about 2.47 mm, and the in-tube wavelength ⁇ g used for standardization is about 2. 89 mm.
- the distance dx / lambda g in the range of 0.1 to 0.31 or less in accordance with increasing the distance dx / lambda g, the frequency f 0 is the low frequency side I found out to shift.
- This can be achieved by varying the distance dx / lambda g, while maintaining a good reflection characteristics, the frequency f 0, it is possible to variably control at 67.5GHz following range of 57.5GHz means.
- each of the waveguide slot array antennas 1A shown in FIG. 5B is a waveguide slot array antenna exhibiting good reflection characteristics.
- dy / ⁇ g is a control wall-slot short-side distance dy normalized by the guide wavelength ⁇ g at 70 GHz.
- the wavelength ⁇ 0 in vacuum at 70 GHz is about 4.29 mm
- the wavelength ⁇ in a dielectric with a relative dielectric constant of 3 is about 2.47 mm
- the in-tube wavelength ⁇ g used for standardization is about 2. 89 mm.
- the solid line in the figure shows the azimuth dependency of the gain at 67.5 GHz, and the broken line shows the azimuth dependency of the gain at 57.5 GHz.
- the solid line in the figure shows the azimuth dependency of the gain at 67.5 GHz, and the broken line shows the azimuth dependency of the gain at 57.5 GHz.
- the gain obtained at the frequency showing a small reflection coefficient was large when compared with the gain obtained at the frequency showing a large reflection coefficient.
- the waveguide slot array antenna 1A by changing the relative arrangement of the slots (for example, the slots 11d1) with respect to the control wall (for example, the control wall 12c1), the frequency f at which the reflection coefficient is minimized. It was found that 0 could be variably controlled, and the gain obtained at the frequency f 0 was greater than the gain obtained at a frequency with a higher reflection coefficient. That is, when the frequency of the electromagnetic wave to be radiated using the waveguide type slot array antenna 1A is determined in advance, the frequency to be radiated is changed by changing the relative arrangement of the slots with respect to the control wall as described above. it is possible to design the waveguide slot array antenna 1A to be f 0. In other words, by changing the relative arrangement of the slots with respect to the control wall, the waveguide slot array antenna 1A in which the gain with respect to an electromagnetic wave having a predetermined frequency is selectively improved is realized.
- FIG. 7B is a top view showing the magnetic field distribution when a 67.5 GHz electromagnetic wave having a reflection coefficient larger than the frequency f 0 is incident on the waveguide slot array antenna 1A.
- the magnetic field distribution shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B is obtained for the H-plane of the TE mode electromagnetic wave propagating in the waveguide of the first dielectric layer 12.
- the magnetic field distribution around the slots 11d1, 11d2, 11d3, and 11d4 is semicircular around the center of each slot, and there is a difference in magnetic field strength.
- the magnetic field strength differs depending on the positions of the slots 11d1 to 11d4 because the electromagnetic waves fed from the left end of FIG. 7A propagate in the y-axis direction in the coordinate system shown in FIG. This is because the power intensity is weakened due to radiation from 11d4.
- each of the reflected wave caused by the slot 11d4, the reflected wave caused by the slot 11d5, and the reflected wave caused by the slot 11d6 is canceled by the reflected wave caused by the adjacent slot.
- the frequency f 0 of the waveguide slot array antenna 1A is considered to be the frequency that best matches the arrangement of the control walls 12c1 to 12c6 and the slots 11d1 to 11d6 in the waveguide slot array antenna 1A.
- the magnetic field distribution around the slots 11d1, 11d2, 11d3, and 11d4 is not uniform.
- the magnetic field around the slot 11d1 has many components parallel to the y-axis in the coordinate system shown in FIG.
- the magnetic field around the slot 11d2 has many components parallel to the y-axis. Since the shapes of the magnetic field distributions are different as described above, it is considered that the amplitude of the reflected wave caused by the slot 11d1 and the amplitude of the reflected wave caused by the slot 11d2 are different and cannot be canceled out.
- each magnetic field distribution is similar, such as the periphery of the slot 11d1 and the periphery of the slot 11d4. Since the distance between the slot 11d1 and the slot 11d4 is 3d p, it is considered that the reflected wave caused by the slot 11d1 and the reflected wave caused by the slot 11d4 act so as to cancel each other. However, since there are simultaneously reflected waves that do not cancel each other, reflection is considered to increase.
- the reflection coefficient is large. It is considered to be.
- FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view of the slot array antenna module 2 including the waveguide slot array antenna 2A according to the first modification.
- the waveguide slot array antenna 2A included in the slot array antenna module 2 is different in the following configuration from the waveguide slot array antenna 1A according to the first embodiment.
- the control walls 22c1 to 22c6 are prismatic posts formed on the first dielectric layer 22.
- the first conductor layer 21 is provided with an opening 21a, and the first conductor layer 21 and the waveguide 2B are communicated with the waveguide 2Ba in the waveguide 2B. It is connected.
- Each of the control walls 22c1 to 22c6 constituting the control wall group is constituted by a plate wall formed on the first dielectric layer 22, as shown in FIG. Specifically, each of the control walls 22c1 to 22c6 is a prismatic conductor having an upper end connected to the first conductor layer 21 and a lower end connected to the second conductor layer 23, more specifically.
- the conductor plating is formed on the wall surface of the through hole having a prismatic shape formed in the first dielectric layer 22.
- each control wall 22c1 to 22c6 in a plane parallel to the xy plane is a rectangle whose longitudinal direction is parallel to the x axis.
- each of the control walls 22c1 to 22c6 according to this modification may include a region in which a corner portion formed between the long side and the short side is configured by a curve. This is because when the through hole having a rectangular cross-sectional shape is formed in the first dielectric layer 22, the four corners of the through hole may be rounded.
- the waveguide slot array antenna 1A is arranged so that the opening 13a provided in the second conductor layer 13 communicates with the waveguide 1Ba of the waveguide 1B.
- the waveguide 1B was connected (see FIG. 1).
- the waveguide 1B is connected to the lower side (z-axis negative direction side) of the waveguide slot array antenna 1A.
- the waveguide slot array antenna 2A and the waveguide are arranged so that the opening 21a provided in the first conductor layer 21 communicates with the waveguide 2Ba of the waveguide 2B.
- the pipe 2B is connected.
- the waveguide 2B is connected to the upper side (z-axis positive direction side) of the waveguide slot array antenna 2A.
- the waveguide may be connected to the first conductor layer in which the slot of the waveguide type slot array antenna is formed (first).
- Embodiment 1) and may be connected to a second conductor layer facing the first conductor layer via the first dielectric layer (this modification).
- FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective view of the slot array antenna module 3 including the waveguide slot array antenna 3A according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 10A is a cross-sectional view of the slot array antenna module 3.
- FIG. 10B is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the slot array antenna module 3 obtained by changing the structure of the feed pin of the slot array antenna module 3.
- 10A and 10B show a cross section passing through the feed pins 32a and 34a and the conductor post 12ai among the cross sections parallel to the yz plane of the slot array antenna module 3.
- the slot array antenna module 3 according to the present embodiment is different from the slot array antenna module 1 according to the first embodiment in the configuration of the portion that feeds electromagnetic waves to the waveguide slot array antenna.
- a waveguide 1B for feeding electromagnetic waves is connected to the second conductor layer 13, whereas in the waveguide slot array antenna 3A, a microstrip for feeding electromagnetic waves.
- a line 3B is formed.
- the first dielectric layer 32 includes power supply pins 32 a that radiate the supplied electromagnetic wave into the first dielectric layer 32.
- the microstrip line 3B for supplying electromagnetic waves and the feed pin 32a will be mainly described.
- the slot array antenna module 3 includes a first conductor layer 31, a first dielectric layer 32, a second conductor layer 33, a second dielectric layer 34, a third conductor layer 35, and an RFIC 36 in this order. It has a laminated structure.
- the material of the first conductor layer 31, the second conductor layer 33, and the third conductor layer 35 a metal such as copper can be used.
- a metal such as copper
- glass such as quartz glass
- fluorine resin such as PTFE, liquid crystal polymer, or cycloolefin polymer
- fluorine-type resin such as PTFE, a liquid crystal polymer, a cycloolefin polymer, or a polyimide-type resin is mentioned.
- the first conductor layer 31 and the second conductor layer 33 facing each other through the first dielectric layer 32 constitute a waveguide slot array antenna 3A.
- a feed pin 32a having a TE mode excitation structure is formed inside a region (waveguide) surrounded by the post wall 12a formed by the conductor post 12ai.
- the power supply pin 32a is a hole formed from the upper surface to the lower surface of the first dielectric layer 32, and is a hole in which a conductor wall is plated.
- the second conductor layer 33 is formed with an opening 33 a for avoiding the lower end portion of the power supply pin 32 a from coming into contact with the second conductor layer 33. For this reason, the power feed pin 32 a is insulated from the second conductor layer 33.
- the power supply pin 32a is not a through hole although formed from the upper surface to the lower surface of the first dielectric layer 32.
- the first dielectric layer 32 exists between the power supply pin 32 a and the first conductor layer 31. That is, the power supply pin 32 a is also insulated from the first conductor layer 31.
- the power supply pin 32a having the TE mode excitation structure can also be called a power supply unit that supplies electromagnetic waves.
- the region surrounded by the six sides by the post wall 12a composed of the first conductor layer 31, the second conductor layer 33, and the conductor post 12ai functions as a waveguide for guiding electromagnetic waves.
- the high-frequency signal output from the RFIC 36 is transmitted through a microstrip line 3B, which will be described later, as a TEM mode electromagnetic wave, and then converted into a TE mode electromagnetic wave at the feed pin 32a.
- This electromagnetic wave is guided through the waveguide of the first dielectric layer 32, and then radiated from the waveguide to the outside of the waveguide slot array antenna 3A through the slot formed in the first conductor layer 11.
- the second conductor layer 33 and the third conductor layer 35 facing each other through the second dielectric layer 34 constitute the microstrip line 3B (second conductor).
- the layer 33 is shared by the waveguide slot array antenna 3A and the microstrip line 3B).
- the third conductor layer 35 is a conductor pattern printed on the surface of the second dielectric layer 34, and includes a signal line 35a, a signal pad 35b, and a ground pad 35c.
- the signal line 35 a is a linear conductor having one end point connected to the lower end portion of the power supply pin 34 a formed on the second dielectric layer 34.
- the power supply pin 34 a is a through hole in which the conductor wall is plated on the hole wall from the upper surface to the lower surface of the second dielectric layer 34. Since the upper end portion of the power supply pin 34a is in contact with the upper end portion of the power supply pin 32a formed in the first dielectric layer 32, the signal line 35a and the power supply pin 32a are electrically connected via the power supply pin 34a. .
- the signal pad 35b is a square planar conductor whose end is connected to the other end of the signal line 35a.
- the ground pad 35c is a square planar conductor disposed in the vicinity of the signal pad 35b and spaced from the signal pad 35b.
- a ground via 34b which is a through hole in which a conductor wall is plated on the hole wall, is formed from the upper surface to the lower surface of the second dielectric layer 34.
- the lower end portion of the ground via 34 b is in contact with the ground pad 35 c, and the upper end portion of the ground via 34 b is in contact with the second conductor layer 33.
- the potential of the second conductor layer 33 and the first conductor layer 31 short-circuited with the second conductor layer 33 by the ground via 34b becomes the same as the potential (ground potential) of the ground pad 35c.
- a signal terminal 36a formed on the RFIC 36 is bump-connected to the signal pad 35b using a solder bump 37a, and a ground terminal 36b formed on the RFIC 36 is bump-connected to the ground pad 35c using a solder bump 37b. .
- the high frequency signal generated by the RFIC 36 can be supplied to the waveguide slot array antenna 3A without causing signal reflection due to parasitic inductance.
- the RFIC 36 is arranged so as to overlap with the waveguide formed in the first dielectric layer 32 when viewed from the stacking direction (viewed from the non-z-axis direction in FIG. 9). It is a point that has been. For this reason, the area of the slot array antenna module 3 viewed from the stacking direction, that is, the area required for mounting the slot array antenna module 3 is equal to the area of the RFIC 36 viewed from the same direction and the first dielectric viewed from the same direction. It becomes smaller than the sum of the areas of the waveguides formed in the layer 32. That is, the area required for mounting the slot array antenna module 3 according to the present embodiment is necessary for mounting only the waveguide type slot array antenna 3A even though the RFIC 36 that outputs a high frequency signal is provided. It may be about the same as the area.
- the second conductor layer 33 is interposed between the first conductor layer 31 in which the slots 11 d 1 to 11 d 6 are formed and the RFIC 36.
- electromagnetic waves propagating in the z-axis positive direction are radiated from the slots 11d1 to 11d6.
- these electromagnetic waves are disturbed by the RFIC 36, and the function of the RFIC 36 is inhibited by these electromagnetic waves.
- the waveguide slot array antenna 3A can be designed without considering the presence or absence of the RFIC 36, and the antenna characteristics of the waveguide slot array antenna 3A are not affected by the RFIC 36.
- the signal line 35a is placed from the lower end of the power feed pin 34a to the center of the waveguide formed in the first dielectric layer 32. It is pulled out in the approaching direction (y-axis positive direction in FIG. 9).
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the slot array antenna module 3.
- FIG. 10 shows a cross section passing through the feed pins 32a and 34a and the conductor post 12ai among the cross sections parallel to the yz plane (see FIG. 1) of the slot array antenna module 3.
- the slot array antenna module 3 includes a feed pin 34 a that is a through-hole penetrating the second dielectric layer 34 from the lower surface to the upper surface, and a lower surface of the first dielectric layer 32.
- a power supply pin 32a extending to the inside is provided.
- the feed pins 32a and 34a are formed by conducting conductor plating on the non-through holes formed in the first dielectric layer 32 and the hole walls of the through holes formed in the second dielectric layer 34. It is formed by stacking non-through holes and through holes.
- the power supply pins 32a and 34a shown in FIG. 10 are (1) the lower end portion of the power supply pin 34a is in contact with the signal line 35a, and (2) the lower end portion of the power supply pin 32a is second by the opening 33a. And (3) the upper end portion of the power feed pin 32 a stays inside the first dielectric layer 32 and is separated from the first conductor layer 31. As a result, the power supply pin 32 a is electrically connected to the signal line 35 a and is insulated from both the first conductor layer 31 and the second conductor layer 33.
- FIG. 10A a configuration using a non-through hole extending from the lower surface of the first dielectric layer 32 to the inside (not reaching the upper surface) as the power supply pin 32a is adopted.
- the present invention is not limited to this. That is, as shown in FIG. 10B, a configuration in which a through hole extending from the lower surface to the upper surface of the first dielectric layer 32 may be employed as the power supply pin 32a.
- the power supply pins 32a and 34a shown in FIG. 10B that (1) the lower end portion of the power supply pin 34a is in contact with the signal line 35a, and (2) the lower end portion of the power supply pin 32a is an opening 33a. And (3) the upper end of the power feed pin 32a is separated from the first conductor layer 31 by the opening 31a. As a result, the power supply pin 32 a is electrically connected to the signal line 35 a and is insulated from both the first conductor layer 31 and the second conductor layer 33.
- FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view of the slot array antenna module 4 including the waveguide slot array antenna 4A according to the second modification.
- the slot array antenna module 4 differs from the slot array antenna module 3 shown in FIG. 9 in that the RFIC 46 and the microstrip line 4B are provided on the upper side of the first conductor layer 41.
- the slot array antenna module 4 includes the RFIC 46, the third conductor layer 45, the second dielectric layer 44, the first conductor layer 41, the first dielectric layer 42, and the second conductor layer 43 in this order. It has a laminated structure.
- the first conductor layer 41 and the second conductor layer 43 facing each other via the first dielectric layer 42 constitute a waveguide slot array antenna 4A. Further, the first conductor layer 41 and the third conductor layer 45 facing each other through the second dielectric layer 44 constitute a microstrip line 4B (the first conductor layer 41 is a waveguide slot). Shared by the array antenna 4A and the microstrip line 4B).
- the third conductor layer 45 is a conductor pattern printed on the surface of the second dielectric layer 44, and includes a signal line 45a, a signal pad 45b, and a ground pad 45c.
- the signal line 45 a is a linear conductor having one end point connected to the upper end portion of the power feed pin 44 a formed in the second dielectric layer 44.
- the power supply pin 44 a is a through hole in which the conductor wall is plated on the hole wall from the lower surface to the upper surface of the second dielectric layer 44. Since the lower end portion of the power supply pin 44a is in contact with the upper end portion of the power supply pin 42a formed in the first dielectric layer 32, the signal line 45a and the power supply pin 42a are electrically connected via the power supply pin 44a.
- the first conductor layer 41 is provided with an opening 41a for separating from the upper end portion of the power supply pin 42a.
- the power supply pins 42a and 44a are (1) the upper end portion of the power supply pin 44a is in contact with the signal line 45a, and (2) the first conductor layer 41 is connected to the upper end portion of the power supply pin 42a by the opening 41a. And (3) the lower end portion of the power supply pin 42 a stays inside the first dielectric layer 42 and is separated from the second conductor layer 43. As a result, the power supply pin 42 a is electrically connected to the signal line 45 a and is insulated from both the first conductor layer 41 and the second conductor layer 43.
- a signal terminal (not shown) formed on the RFIC 46 is bump-connected to the signal pad 45b using a solder bump 47a, and a ground terminal (not shown) formed on the RFIC 46 is solder-bumped to the ground pad 45c. 47b is used for bump connection.
- the high frequency signal generated by the RFIC 46 can be supplied to the waveguide slot array antenna 4A without causing signal reflection due to parasitic inductance.
- the slot array antenna module 4 there is no concern that the antenna characteristics change due to capacitive coupling with the RFIC 36, as in the case of the slot array antenna module 3 shown in FIG. Further, in the slot array antenna module 4, (1) the electromagnetic wave radiated from the slot array antenna module 4 is not disturbed by the RFIC 46, and (2) the function of the RFIC 46 is not disturbed by these electromagnetic waves. This is the same as in the case of the array antenna module 3.
- the signal line 45a is connected to the center of the waveguide formed in the first dielectric layer 32 from the upper end of the feed pin 44a. It is pulled out in a direction away from it (y-axis negative direction in FIG. 11).
- a waveguide slot array antenna is a waveguide slot array antenna in which a plurality of slots are formed on an upper wall of a rectangular parallelepiped waveguide.
- a plurality of control walls orthogonal to the upper wall and the side wall of the waveguide are arranged, and each of the plurality of slots crosses the boundary of the section defined by the control wall and when viewed from above. It is arranged so as not to overlap the control wall.
- the waveguide slot array antenna employs a configuration in which slots are arranged so as to straddle the boundaries of the sections defined by the control walls and not to overlap the control walls when viewed from the top. Therefore, it is possible to realize a waveguide slot array antenna having a smaller reflection coefficient and a larger gain than conventional ones.
- the waveguide slot array antenna may have a configuration in which the plurality of control walls are arranged in a staggered manner in the waveguide.
- the width of the control wall is one half or more of the width of the waveguide with respect to a direction orthogonal to the side wall of the waveguide.
- the control wall generates a reflected wave having an amplitude sufficient to cancel the reflected wave caused by each of the slots. Therefore, when the amplitude of the reflected wave caused by each of the slots is large, for example, even when the inside of the waveguide is filled with a dielectric having a relative dielectric constant greater than 1, each of the control walls Can cancel the reflected wave caused by each of the slots.
- the waveguide wavelength of the waveguide type slot array antenna at the upper limit of 70 GHz is ⁇ g
- the control wall and the control wall The distance dx [m] with the slot straddling the boundary between the two divided sections preferably satisfies 0.10 ⁇ dx / ⁇ g ⁇ 0.31.
- a waveguide slot array antenna having a reflection coefficient of less than ⁇ 10 dB in the operating band can be realized.
- each of the plurality of slots is a rectangular opening having a long side parallel to the side wall of the waveguide and a short side perpendicular to the side wall of the waveguide.
- the waveguide wavelength of the waveguide slot array antenna at the upper limit of 70 GHz is ⁇ g
- the boundary between the two sections partitioned by the control wall and the slot across the boundary The distance dy [m] between the two short sides closer to the power feeding unit preferably satisfies 0.35 ⁇ dy / ⁇ g ⁇ 0.48.
- a waveguide slot array antenna having a reflection coefficient of less than ⁇ 10 dB in the operating band can be realized.
- the waveguide slot array antenna includes a first dielectric layer and two conductor layers facing each other through the first dielectric layer, the first slot functioning as an upper wall of the waveguide A conductor layer and a second conductor layer functioning as a lower wall of the waveguide, and the side wall and the control wall fence a cylindrical post formed on the first dielectric layer. It is preferable that the post walls are arranged in a shape.
- the waveguide slot array antenna having the above configuration can be formed using printed circuit board technology. That is, unlike the waveguide slot array antenna described in Patent Document 1, it is not necessary to bond the base body and the slot plate separately manufactured by metal processing or the like, so that the manufacturing cost can be reduced. . In addition, there is no concern that a problem of deterioration in transmission quality due to insufficient adhesion between the base body and the slot plate occurs.
- the waveguide slot array antenna includes a first dielectric layer and two conductor layers facing each other through the first dielectric layer, the first slot functioning as an upper wall of the waveguide A conductor layer and a second conductor layer functioning as a lower wall of the waveguide, and the side wall has a columnar post formed on the first dielectric layer arranged in a fence shape.
- the control wall may be constituted by a prismatic plate wall formed in the first dielectric layer.
- the waveguide slot array antenna having the above configuration can be formed using printed circuit board technology. That is, unlike the waveguide slot array antenna described in Patent Document 1, it is not necessary to bond the base body and the slot plate separately manufactured by metal processing or the like, so that the manufacturing cost can be reduced. . In addition, there is no concern that a problem of deterioration in transmission quality due to insufficient adhesion between the base body and the slot plate occurs.
- a slot array antenna module includes a waveguide-type slot array antenna and a second dielectric layer stacked on an upper wall of the waveguide or below a lower wall of the waveguide. And a microstrip line constituted by a third conductor layer facing the upper wall of the waveguide or the lower wall of the waveguide via the second dielectric layer.
- electromagnetic waves can be supplied to the waveguide slot array antenna using the microstrip line laminated on one laminated substrate.
- the waveguide slot array antenna is a through-hole that penetrates the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer and has a hole plated with a conductor plating.
- An opening formed in the upper wall of the waveguide and the lower wall of the waveguide is insulated from the upper wall of the waveguide and the lower wall of the waveguide, and has a through hole that is electrically connected to the third conductor layer.
- the TE mode excitation structure may be included.
- the waveguide slot array antenna extends from a surface passing through the second dielectric layer and facing the second dielectric layer of the first dielectric layer.
- a non-through hole in which conductor plating is applied to the hole wall, and the top of the waveguide is formed by an opening formed in the conductor layer interposed between the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer.
- the TE mode excitation structure may include a non-through hole that is insulated from the wall or the lower wall of the waveguide and is electrically connected to the third conductor layer.
- the slot array antenna module further includes an RFIC (Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit) connected to the third conductor layer, and the second dielectric layer is laminated under a lower wall of the waveguide, The third conductor layer is opposed to the lower wall of the waveguide through the second dielectric layer, and the RFIC is disposed so as to overlap the waveguide when viewed from above. It is preferable.
- RFIC Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit
- the area required for mounting the slot array antenna module is smaller than the sum of the area required for mounting the RFIC and the area when the waveguide is projected onto the lower wall of the waveguide that is the mounting surface of the RFIC. That is, according to the above configuration, the area required for mounting the slot array antenna module according to the present invention is mounted only on the waveguide type slot array antenna even though the RFIC that outputs a high frequency signal is provided. It can be suppressed to the same extent as the area required for.
- a slot array antenna module is a slot array antenna module including the waveguide slot array antenna and a waveguide, and an opening is formed at one end of the waveguide.
- the waveguide is connected to the waveguide slot array antenna so that the waveguide of the waveguide communicates with the waveguide of the waveguide slot array antenna through the opening. It is preferable.
- an electromagnetic wave can be supplied to the waveguide slot array antenna using the waveguide.
- a control post disposed in the vicinity of the opening is formed in the waveguide, and an interval between the left side wall and the right side wall in a section including the opening of the waveguide is The distance between the left side wall and the right side wall outside the section of the waveguide is preferably wider.
- the reflection coefficient can be made smaller and a larger gain can be obtained.
- the present invention can be suitably used as a waveguide slot array antenna and a slot array antenna module including the waveguide slot array antenna.
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Abstract
Description
〔スロットアレイアンテナモジュールの構成〕
本発明の第1の実施形態に係る導波路型スロットアレイアンテナについて、図1~図2を参照しながら説明する。図1は、本実施形態に係る導波路型スロットアレイアンテナ1Aを含むスロットアレイアンテナモジュール1の分解斜視図である。図2は、本実施形態に係る導波路型スロットアレイアンテナの断面図である。
次に、第1の導体層11に設けられているスロット11d1~11d6の配置について、図3を参照しながら説明する。図3は、導波路型スロットアレイアンテナ1Aを上面視したときの平面図であり、制御壁12c1及び12c2の近傍を拡大したものである。スロット11d1~11d6の各々は、第1の誘電体層12の側壁と平行な長辺及び上記導波路の側壁と垂直な短辺を有する長方形状の開口である。
次に、図4を参照しながら、導波路型スロットアレイアンテナ1Aが備える変換部の構成について説明する。図4は、導波路型スロットアレイアンテナ1Aを上面視した場合の平面図であり、電磁波の導波モードを変換する変換部付近を拡大したものである。
本実施形態に係る導波路型スロットアレイアンテナ1Aを含むスロットアレイアンテナモジュール1の第1の実施例について、図5~7を参照して説明する。なお、以下の説明におけるdx及びdyの定義については、図3を参照されたい。
図5(a)を参照すると、間隔dy/λg=0.42で固定し、間隔dx/λgを0.1以上0.31以下の範囲で変化させた場合、全ての導波路型スロットアレイアンテナ1Aが示す反射係数の最小値は、一般的な要求水準である-10dBを下回った。以下では、反射特性が良好であるか否かを判定する場合の基準を、反射係数の最小値が-10dBを下回る、とする。すなわち、当該基準を満たす反射特性を示す導波路型スロットアレイアンテナ1Aを、良好な反射特性を示す導波路型スロットアレイアンテナと判定する。したがって、図5(a)に示した導波路型スロットアレイアンテナ1Aは、いずれも良好な反射特性を示す導波路型スロットアレイアンテナであると言える。ここで、dx/λgは、70GHzにおける管内波長λgで規格化された制御壁-スロット間隔dxである。70GHzにおける真空中の波長λ0は約4.29mmであるので、比誘電率が3の誘電体中の波長λは約2.47mmであり、規格化に用いた管内波長λgは約2.89mmである。
図6(a)は、本実施例に係る導波路型スロットアレイアンテナ1Aのうち、間隔dx/λg=0.31とした導波路型スロットアレイアンテナ1Aのzx平面における利得[dBi]の方位角依存性を示すグラフである。グラフ中の0°は、図1に示す座標系におけるz軸正方向に対応し、-180°は、該座標系におけるz軸負方向に対応する。また、グラフ中の90°は、上記座標軸におけるx軸正方向に対応し、-90°は、上記座標軸におけるx軸負方向に対応する。図中の実線は、67.5GHzにおける利得の方位角依存性を示し、破線は、57.5GHzにおける利得の方位角依存性を示す。なお、間隔dx/λg=0.31とした導波路型スロットアレイアンテナ1Aにおける周波数f0は、57.5GHzである。
図7(a)は、本実施例1に係る導波路型スロットアレイアンテナ1Aのうち、間隔dx/λg=0.31である導波路型スロットアレイアンテナ1Aに、周波数f0に対応する57.5GHzの電磁波を入射した場合の磁界分布を示す上面図である。図7(b)は、同導波路型スロットアレイアンテナ1Aに、周波数f0より大きい反射係数を示す67.5GHzの電磁波を入射した場合の磁界分布を示す上面図である。なお、図7(a)及び(b)に示す磁界分布は、第1の誘電体層12の導波路内を伝播するTEモードの電磁波のH面について求めたものである。
第1の実施形態に係る導波路型スロットアレイアンテナ1Aの変形例について、図8を参照しながら説明する。図8は、第1の変形例に係る導波路型スロットアレイアンテナ2Aを含むスロットアレイアンテナモジュール2の分解斜視図である。
スロットアレイアンテナモジュール2が備える導波路型スロットアレイアンテナ2Aは、第1の実施形態に係る導波路型スロットアレイアンテナ1Aと比較して、次の構成が異なる。
・制御壁22c1~22c6は、第1の誘電体層22に形成された角柱状のポストである。
・第1の導体層21には開口21aが設けられており、第1の導体層21と、導波管2Bとは、該開口21aが導波管2B内の導波路2Baと連通するように接続されている。
制御壁群を構成する制御壁22c1~22c6のそれぞれは、図8に示すように、第1の誘電体層22に形成された板壁によって構成されている。具体的には、各制御壁22c1~22c6は、その上端が第1の導体層21に接続され、その下端が第2の導体層23に接続された角柱状導体であり、より具体的には、第1の誘電体層22に形成された角柱状である貫通孔の壁面に形成された導体メッキである。
第1の実施形態に係るスロットアレイアンテナモジュール1において、第2の導体層13に設けられた開口13aが導波管1Bの導波路1Baと連通するように、導波路型スロットアレイアンテナ1Aと、導波管1Bとは接続されていた(図1参照)。言い換えれば、導波管1Bは、導波路型スロットアレイアンテナ1Aの下側(z軸負方向側)に接続されていた。本変形例に係るスロットアレイアンテナモジュール2では、第1の導体層21に設けられた開口21aが導波管2Bの導波路2Baと連通するように、導波路型スロットアレイアンテナ2Aと、導波管2Bとは接続されている。言い換えれば、導波管2Bは、導波路型スロットアレイアンテナ2Aの上側(z軸正方向側)に接続されている。
本発明の第2の実施形態に係る導波路型スロットアレイアンテナについて、図9及び図10を参照しながら説明する。図9は、本実施形態に係る導波路型スロットアレイアンテナ3Aを含むスロットアレイアンテナモジュール3の分解斜視図である。図10(a)は、スロットアレイアンテナモジュール3の断面図である。図10(b)は、スロットアレイアンテナモジュール3の給電ピンの構造を変更することにより得られる別態様のスロットアレイアンテナモジュール3の断面図である。なお、図10(a)及び(b)においては、スロットアレイアンテナモジュール3のyz平面に平行な断面のうち、給電ピン32a,34a及び導体ポスト12aiを通る断面を示している。
本実施形態に係るスロットアレイアンテナモジュール3は、第1の実施形態に係るスロットアレイアンテナモジュール1と比較して、電磁波を導波路型スロットアレイアンテナに給電する部分の構成が異なる。スロットアレイアンテナモジュール1において、電磁波を給電するための導波管1Bが第2の導体層13に接続されているのに対し、導波路型スロットアレイアンテナ3Aにおいて、電磁波を給電するためのマイクロストリップ線路3Bが形成されている。また、第1の誘電体層32は、給電された電磁波を第1の誘電体層32内に放射する給電ピン32aを備えている。本実施形態においては、電磁波を供給するためのマイクロストリップ線路3B及び給電ピン32aを中心に説明する。
次に、図9に示すスロットアレイアンテナモジュール3が備える給電ピン32a及び34aについて、図10を参照して説明する。図10は、スロットアレイアンテナモジュール3の断面図である。なお、図10においては、スロットアレイアンテナモジュール3のyz平面(図1参照)に平行な断面のうち、給電ピン32a、34a及び導体ポスト12aiを通る断面を示している。
第2の実施形態に係る導波路型スロットアレイアンテナ3Aを含むスロットアレイアンテナモジュール3の変形例について、図11を参照しながら説明する。図11は、第2の変形例に係る導波路型スロットアレイアンテナ4Aを含むスロットアレイアンテナモジュール4の分解斜視図である。
本発明の一態様に係る導波路型スロットアレイアンテナは、直方体状の導波路の上壁に複数のスロットが形成された導波路型スロットアレイアンテナであって、上記導波路内には、該導波路の上壁及び側壁と直交する複数の制御壁が配置されており、上記複数のスロットの各々は、上記制御壁により区画された区間の境界を跨ぐように、且つ、上面視したときに上記制御壁と重ならないように配置されている。
本発明は上述した実施形態に限定されるものではなく、請求項に示した範囲で種々の変更が可能である。すなわち、請求項に示した範囲で適宜変更した技術的手段を組み合わせて得られる実施形態についても本発明の技術的範囲に含まれる。
1A 導波路型スロットアレイアンテナ
11 第1の導体層
11d1~11d6 スロット
12 第1の誘電体層
12a ポスト壁
12ai 導体ポスト
12b1~12b2 制御ポスト
12c1~12c6 制御壁
13 第2の導体層
13a 開口
1B 導波管
1Ba 導波路
Claims (11)
- 直方体状の導波路の上壁に複数のスロットが形成された導波路型スロットアレイアンテナであって、
上記導波路内には、該導波路の上壁及び側壁と直交する複数の制御壁が配置されており、
上記複数のスロットの各々は、上記制御壁により区画された区間の境界を跨ぐように、且つ、上面視したときに上記制御壁と重ならないように配置されている、
ことを特徴とする導波路型スロットアレイアンテナ。 - 上記導波路内において、上記複数の制御壁は千鳥状に配置されている、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の導波路型スロットアレイアンテナ。 - 上記導波路の側壁と直交する方向に関して、上記制御壁の幅は、上記導波路の幅の2分の1以上である、
ことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の導波路型スロットアレイアンテナ。 - 上記導波路型スロットアレイアンテナは、第1の誘電体層と、該第1の誘電体層を介して互いに対向する2つの導体層であって、上記導波路の上壁として機能する第1の導体層、及び、上記導波路の下壁として機能する第2の導体層とを備えており、
上記側壁及び上記制御壁は、上記第1の誘電体層に形成された円柱状のポストを柵状配置してなるポスト壁である、
ことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の導波路型スロットアレイアンテナ。 - 上記導波路型スロットアレイアンテナは、第1の誘電体層と、該第1の誘電体層を介して互いに対向する2つの導体層であって、上記導波路の上壁として機能する第1の導体層、及び、上記導波路の下壁として機能する第2の導体層とを備えており、
上記側壁は、上記第1の誘電体層に形成された円柱状のポストを柵状配置してなるポスト壁であり、
上記制御壁は、上記第1の誘電体層に形成された角柱状の板壁である、
ことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の導波路型スロットアレイアンテナ。 - 請求項4又は5に記載の導波路型スロットアレイアンテナと、
上記導波路の上壁の上、又は、上記導波路の下壁の下に積層された第2の誘電体層と、該第2の誘電体層を介して、上記導波路の上壁又は上記導波路の下壁に対向する第3の導体層により構成されたマイクロストリップ線路と、を備えている、
ことを特徴とするスロットアレイアンテナモジュール。 - 上記導波路型スロットアレイアンテナは、上記第1の誘電体層及び上記第2の誘電体層を貫通し、孔壁に導体メッキが施された貫通孔であって、上記導波路の上壁及び上記導波路の下壁に形成された開口によって上記導波路の上壁及び上記導波路の下壁から絶縁されると共に、上記第3の導体層と導通する貫通孔を、TEモード励振構造として含む、
ことを特徴とする請求項6に記載のスロットアレイアンテナモジュール。 - 上記導波路型スロットアレイアンテナは、上記第2の誘電体層を貫通し上記第1の誘電体層の上記第2の誘電体層に対向する面から内部に至る、孔壁に導体メッキが施された非貫通孔であって、上記第1の誘電体層と上記第2の誘電体層との間に介在する導体層に形成された開口によって上記導波路の上壁又は上記導波路の下壁から絶縁されると共に、上記第3の導体層と導通する非貫通孔をTEモード励振構造として含む、
ことを特徴とする請求項6に記載のスロットアレイアンテナモジュール。 - 上記第3の導体層に接続されたRFIC(Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit)を更に備え、
上記第2の誘電体層は、上記導波路の下壁の下に積層され、
上記第3の導体層は、上記第2の誘電体層を介して上記導波路の下壁に対向しており、
上記RFICは、上面視したときに、上記導波路と重なるように配置されている、
ことを特徴とする請求項6に記載のスロットアレイアンテナモジュール。 - 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の導波路型スロットアレイアンテナと、導波管とを備えたスロットアレイアンテナモジュールであって、
上記導波路の一方の端部に開口が形成されており、
上記導波管は、該導波管の導波路が上記開口を介して上記導波路型スロットアレイアンテナの導波路と連通するように上記導波路型スロットアレイアンテナに接続されている、ことを特徴とするスロットアレイアンテナモジュール。 - 上記導波路内には、上記開口の近傍に配置された制御ポストが形成されており、
上記導波路の上記開口を含む区間内における左側壁と右側壁との間隔は、上記導波路の該区間外における左側壁と右側壁との間隔より広い、
ことを特徴とする請求項10に記載のスロットアレイアンテナモジュール。
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