WO2015096484A1 - 一种双重引发的快速交联eva胶膜 - Google Patents

一种双重引发的快速交联eva胶膜 Download PDF

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WO2015096484A1
WO2015096484A1 PCT/CN2014/083889 CN2014083889W WO2015096484A1 WO 2015096484 A1 WO2015096484 A1 WO 2015096484A1 CN 2014083889 W CN2014083889 W CN 2014083889W WO 2015096484 A1 WO2015096484 A1 WO 2015096484A1
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parts
eva film
triacrylate
double
eva
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PCT/CN2014/083889
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English (en)
French (fr)
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金萍
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杭州福斯特光伏材料股份有限公司
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Priority to US14/777,689 priority Critical patent/US9765243B2/en
Priority to JP2016504480A priority patent/JP6074106B2/ja
Publication of WO2015096484A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015096484A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09JADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J7/00Adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J7/10Adhesives in the form of films or foils without carriers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09JADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J123/00Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09J123/02Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C09J123/04Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
    • C09J123/08Copolymers of ethene
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048Encapsulation of modules
    • H01L31/0481Encapsulation of modules characterised by the composition of the encapsulation material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/16Nitrogen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/34Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
    • C08K5/3412Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having one nitrogen atom in the ring
    • C08K5/3432Six-membered rings
    • C08K5/3435Piperidines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/16Nitrogen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/34Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
    • C08K5/35Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having also oxygen in the ring
    • C08K5/357Six-membered rings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/54Silicon-containing compounds
    • C08K5/541Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/54Silicon-containing compounds
    • C08K5/541Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen
    • C08K5/5425Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen containing at least one C=C bond
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09JADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J2203/00Applications of adhesives in processes or use of adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J2203/322Applications of adhesives in processes or use of adhesives in the form of films or foils for the production of solar panels
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09JADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J2423/00Presence of polyolefin
    • C09J2423/04Presence of homo or copolymers of ethene
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09JADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J2431/00Presence of polyvinyl acetate
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a double-initiated fast crosslinked EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) film.
  • EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer
  • solar cell modules are currently being researched more and more.
  • more than 90% of solar cell modules are crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules, and their structures are transparent front substrate glass, encapsulation film, The cell sheet, the encapsulant film, and the back substrate back sheet are laminated in order from bottom to top, and then cured at a high temperature.
  • the curing time of solar cell modules is generally as long as 20 ⁇ 30mm, which seriously affects the efficiency of component packaging. Especially today, the labor is getting more and more expensive.
  • the fully automatic component packaging production line has been adopted, and the domestic conversion is also in progress. , The future of fully automatic mechanized packaging is foreseeable. For fully automated production lines with large investment, packaging efficiency is especially important. When the curing time of individual components is reduced by half, the payback period can be reduced by half.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a double-initiated fast-crosslinking EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) film for solar cell module packaging, which can greatly improve current solar power The packaging speed of the pool component.
  • EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer
  • a double-initiated fast cross-linking EVA film mainly made of raw materials such as quality:
  • the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer has a vinyl acetate content of 15 to 33%, the rfi insect index ranges from 7 to 50 g/10 min, and the melting point is from 35 ° C to 100 ° C;
  • the radical photoinitiator is one or a mixture of two or more of the following: 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylacetone, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 2-methyl-2 - (4-morpholinyl)-1-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-1-propanone, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphine oxide, 2,4, 6-Ethyl trimethylbenzoylphenylphosphonate, 2-dimethylamino-2-benzyl-1-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-1-butanone, 2-hydroxyl -2-methyl-1-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-1-propanone, methyl benzoylformate; preferably one of the following: 2-methyl-2-(4- Morpholinyl)-1-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-1-propanone, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphin
  • the radical thermal initiator is one or a mixture of two or more of: t-butyl peroxycarbonate isopropyl ester, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy) ⁇ , 1-bis(tert-butylperoxide)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanide, tert-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexyl peroxide, 2, 5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexanide; preferably one of the following: 1-bis(tert-butylperoxide)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanide , tert-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexanide.
  • the co-crosslinking agent is one or a mixture of two or more of the following: tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanuric acid triacrylate, trishydroxymethylpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, B Oxidized trishydroxypropylpropane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate propionate, propoxyglycerol triacrylate, trishydroxymethylpropionate trimethacrylate, ethoxylated trishydroxymethylpropionate Trimethacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, pentoxide tetraol tetraacrylate, di-trimethylolpropene tetraacrylate, propofol tetraol tetraacrylate, 2,4,6-tris(2-propenyloxy) -1,3,5-triazine, tricyclogalan dimethanol diacrylate, propoxy neopentyl glycol diacrylate
  • the tackifier is a conventional silicon germanium coupling agent in the art, and may be one or a mixture of two or more of the following: ⁇ -aminopropyltriethoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltrimethyl Oxysilane, ⁇ -(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -( ⁇ -aminoethyl)- ⁇ -aminopropyltrimethoxy Silicon germanium; preferably ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane or vinyltrimethoxysilane.
  • the light stabilizer is a light stabilizer conventionally used in the art for an EVA film, and may be one or a mixture of two or more of the following: bis- 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinol azelaic acid Ester, 2,4-dichloro-6- (4-morpholinyl)-1,3,5-triazine, bis-1-indolyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol sebacate, dibutyl Polymer of acid and 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinol, hydrazine, ⁇ '-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidine a polymer of 1,1,6-hexanediamine and 2,4-dichloro-6-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine, hydrazine , ⁇ ,-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)
  • (1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinyl) sebacate/methyl-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinyl fluorene a polymer of an acid ester or a polymer of succinic acid and (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinol); preferably a sebacic acid bis-2,2,6, 6-Tetramethylpiperidinyl ester or 2,4-dichloro-6-(4-morpholinyl)-1,3,5-triazine.
  • the EVA film may further add some other conventional functional additives as needed, so the raw material for preparing the EVA film may further comprise 0.1 to 1 part of the ultraviolet absorber and/or 0.1 to 1 part of the antioxidant. .
  • the ultraviolet absorber is 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone
  • the antioxidant is 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol.
  • the quality composition of the raw material for preparing the EVA film is as follows:
  • Double-initiated fast cross-linked EVA film proposed by the invention, using double initiator
  • the initiator combination and the multifunctional acrylate or methacrylate co-crosslinker double initiate curing.
  • the curing process is very fast, and the curing process can be compressed to within 10 mm, which greatly improves the efficiency of component packaging.
  • Ordinary fast curing EVA film generally uses peroxide as an initiator, and decomposes under heating to generate free radicals, which causes EVA film to cure.
  • a radical photoinitiator and a thermal initiator are simultaneously added, and an acrylate-based material is selected as a co-crosslinking agent to further accelerate the curing process.
  • Acrylate materials are very sensitive to both thermally induced and ultraviolet photoinitiation and are ideal crosslinker materials.
  • the peroxide initiator is reduced compared to the conventional EVA film, the number of small molecules generated by thermal decomposition is also small, and the probability of generating bubbles during lamination is also small, so the yield of the component package is improved.
  • the photothermal double initiates curing the curing is more uniform, the crosslink density is high, the bonding strength with the glass is higher, and the aging resistance is good.
  • the EVA film of the present invention is blended, melt extruded, and cast into a film from an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and other auxiliary agents.
  • the EVA film according to the present invention is used for packaging a solar cell module, and the front substrate glass, the EVA film, the cell sheet, and the EVA film are laminated from bottom to top, and sent to the ultraviolet irradiation chamber for irradiation. 60s, then put the backing plate, send it to the laminator, and cure it at 140 160 °C for 5 ⁇ 10min.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects of the EVA film mainly embodied in: the invention adds a photothermal double-initiated free radical initiator and a polyfunctional acrylate or methacrylate auxiliary in the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
  • a solar cell module is produced by a dual curing process using ultraviolet and hot pressing. The curing time is reduced to 5 ⁇ 10min, and the curing yield is high; the curing is uniform, the crosslinking density is high, the bonding strength with glass is higher, and the aging resistance is good.
  • Example 1
  • VA vinyl acetate
  • DuPont EVA150 ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer
  • initiator 2-methyl _ 2 - ( 4 _ Morpholinyl)-1-[ 4- (methylthio)phenyl]-1-propanone Choengdu nap Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.
  • initiator 2 5-dimethyl-2, 5-di ( Tert-Butyl Peroxide) Benzene
  • cross-linking agent Tris-hydroxymethylpropane trimethacrylate (Shanghai Pan'an International Trading Co., Ltd.
  • Example 2 The mixture is blended and extruded in an extruder, the temperature is controlled at 90 ° C, and the extrudate is subjected to a casting, cooling, slitting, and coiling process, thereby obtaining an EVA film having a thickness of 0.45 mm, which is designated as Sl. .
  • Example 2 The mixture is blended and extruded in an extruder, the temperature is controlled at 90 ° C, and the extrudate is subjected to a casting, cooling, slitting, and coiling process, thereby obtaining an EVA film having a thickness of 0.45 mm, which is designated as Sl. .
  • Example 2 Example 2:
  • Example 3 The mixture is blended and extruded in an extruder, the temperature is controlled within 90 ° C, and the extrudate is subjected to casting, cooling, slitting and coiling steps, thereby obtaining an EVA film having a thickness of 0.45 mm, which is recorded as S-2.
  • Example 3 The mixture is blended and extruded in an extruder, the temperature is controlled within 90 ° C, and the extrudate is subjected to casting, cooling, slitting and coiling steps, thereby obtaining an EVA film having a thickness of 0.45 mm, which is recorded as S-2.
  • Example 3 Example 3:
  • Example 4 The mixture is blended and extruded in an extruder, the temperature is controlled within 90 ° C, and the extrudate is subjected to casting, cooling, slitting and coiling steps, thereby obtaining an EVA film having a thickness of 0.45 mm, which is recorded as S-3.
  • Example 4 The mixture is blended and extruded in an extruder, the temperature is controlled within 90 ° C, and the extrudate is subjected to casting, cooling, slitting and coiling steps, thereby obtaining an EVA film having a thickness of 0.45 mm, which is recorded as S-3.
  • Example 4 Example 4:
  • Example 5 The mixture is blended and extruded in an extruder, the temperature is controlled at 90 ° C, and the extrudate is subjected to a casting, cooling, slitting, and coiling process to obtain an EVA film having a thickness of 0.45 mm, which is denoted as S. -4.
  • Example 5 The mixture is blended and extruded in an extruder, the temperature is controlled at 90 ° C, and the extrudate is subjected to a casting, cooling, slitting, and coiling process to obtain an EVA film having a thickness of 0.45 mm, which is denoted as S. -4.
  • Example 5 Example 5
  • Ethyl acetate (Tie Xi Ai (Shanghai) Chemical Industry Development Co., Ltd.), 0.4 parts of initiator t-butyl peroxycarbonate 2-ethylhexyl ester (Akzo Nobel Chemical Co., Ltd.), 3 parts of cross-linking agent B Oxidized Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate (Tianjin United Chemical Reagent Factory), 1.5 parts of tackifier ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (Nanjing Lithium Chemical Co., Ltd. ⁇ -570) , 1 part of light stabilizer bismuth-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl ester (Shanghai Boyle Chemical Co., Ltd.), and mix well.
  • Example 6 The mixture is blended and extruded in an extruder, the temperature is controlled at 90 ° C, and the extrudate is subjected to a casting, cooling, slitting, and coiling process to obtain an EVA film having a thickness of 0.45 mm, which is denoted as S. -5.
  • Example 6 The mixture is blended and extruded in an extruder, the temperature is controlled at 90 ° C, and the extrudate is subjected to a casting, cooling, slitting, and coiling process to obtain an EVA film having a thickness of 0.45 mm, which is denoted as S. -5.
  • Example 6 Example 6:
  • Example 8 The mixture is blended and extruded in an extruder, the temperature is controlled at 90 ° C, and the extrudate is subjected to a casting, cooling, slitting, and coiling process to obtain an EVA film having a thickness of 0.45 mm, which is denoted as S. -7.
  • Example 8 The mixture is blended and extruded in an extruder, the temperature is controlled at 90 ° C, and the extrudate is subjected to a casting, cooling, slitting, and coiling process to obtain an EVA film having a thickness of 0.45 mm, which is denoted as S. -7.
  • Example 8 Example 8
  • Example 1 0.8 part of the co-crosslinking agent trishydroxymethylpropane trimethacrylate (Shanghai Pan'an International Trading Co., Ltd. HC231) was changed to 0.8 part of the curing agent triallyl isocyanuric acid. Ester (Akzo Nobel Chemical Co., Ltd.), the rest unchanged, the resulting EVA film, recorded as D-2.
  • the EVA film product was prepared by the above method, and the performance index was determined by the following method:
  • Sample preparation 3mm thick glass, EVA film and test back plate with a size of 150mmxl50mm were taken.
  • the example was laminated according to the glass and 2 layers of EVA film from bottom to top.
  • the UVA lamp of the irradiation chamber 40W was irradiated for 30 s, and then the back sheet was placed and sent to a laminator to cure 8 mm at 150 °C.
  • Comparative Example 1/2 was placed in a vacuum laminator in the order of glass/2 layer EVA film/backsheet, and cured at 85 ° C for 8 mm. After the curing was completed, the back sheet on the sample was peeled off, and about 1 g of the cross-linked cured EVA film was taken from the glass in the middle of the sample for the cross-linking degree test.
  • the cross-linking test method is as follows:
  • the EVA film was cured by heating to form a cross-linking, and the uncrosslinked portion of the sample was extracted with a xylene solvent to determine the degree of crosslinking.
  • Stainless steel mesh bag Cut a 120-mesh stainless steel wire mesh with a size of 120mmx60mm, fold it into 60mmx60mm, and fold the two sides into 5mm twice and fix it to make a mesh bag with a top opening of 60mmx40mm. .
  • Test results Calculate the degree of cross-linking according to formula (2) and take the arithmetic mean of the two sets of samples to the nearest 0.1%.
  • Sample preparation 3mm thick glass, EVA film and test back plate with dimensions of 150mmxl50mm were taken.
  • the example was laminated by glass, 2 layers of EVA film from bottom to top, and UVA lamp was sent into the ultraviolet irradiation room 40W.
  • the tube was irradiated for 30 s, then the back sheet was placed and fed into a laminator to cure 8 mm at 150 °C.
  • Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were placed in a vacuum laminator in the order of a glass/2 layer EVA film/backsheet, and cured at 150 ° C for 8 min.
  • the measurement was carried out on a tensile machine at a speed of 100 mm/min, and the tensile strength value was recorded.
  • the damp heat aging test was carried out in accordance with the test method of GB/T2423.3.
  • Sample preparation 3mm thick glass, EVA film and test back plate with dimensions of 150mmxl50mm were taken.
  • the example was laminated by glass, 2 layers of EVA film from bottom to top, and UVA lamp was sent into the ultraviolet irradiation room 40W.
  • the tube was irradiated for 30 s, then the back sheet was placed and fed into a laminator to cure 8 mm at 150 °C.
  • Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were placed in a vacuum laminator in the order of a glass/2 layer EVA film/backsheet, and cured at 150 ° C for 8 min.
  • test conditions were a temperature of 85 ° C, a relative humidity of 85 %, and a time of 1000 h.
  • the yellowing index ( ⁇ ) of the sample was analyzed according to the national standard “Plastic Yellow Index Test Method” GB2409, and the HunterLab ColorQuest colorimeter was used for ASTM analysis.
  • the UV aging test was carried out in accordance with the test method of GB/T 19394-2003.
  • the glass, the EVA film and the sample back plate are cut.
  • the embodiment is laminated according to the glass and the 2-layer EVA film from bottom to top, and is irradiated into the ultraviolet irradiation chamber 40W by the UVA lamp.
  • the backing plate was placed and sent to a laminator to cure 8 mm at 150 °C.
  • Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were placed in a vacuum laminator in the order of a glass/2 layer EVA film/backsheet, and cured at 150 ° C for 8 min.
  • the test conditions are a temperature of 60 ° C, an irradiation wavelength of 280 nm to 400 nm, and an irradiation intensity of 120 kWh/m 2 o.
  • the fast crosslinked EVA film of the invention has the advantages of high crosslinking speed, high peeling strength and good aging resistance, and is suitable for packaging of solar cell modules.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
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  • Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种双重引发的快速交联EVA(乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物)胶膜,用于太阳能电池组件的封装,能大幅度提高目前太阳能电池组件的封装速度。所述EVA胶膜主要由质量配比如下的原料制成:乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物100份,自由基光引发剂0.01~1.5份,自由基热引发剂0.01~1.5份,助交联剂0.5~10份,增粘剂0.1~5份,光稳定剂0.01~5份;本发明在乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物中添加光热双重引发的自由基引发剂和多官能团的丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯类助交联剂,使用紫外和热压双重固化工艺制得太阳能电池组件。固化时间减少至5~10min,固化成品率高;固化均匀,交联密度高,与玻璃粘结强度更高、耐老化性能好。

Description

一种双重引发的快速交联 EVA胶膜
(一) 技术领域
本发明涉及一种双重引发的快速交联 EVA(乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物) 胶膜。
(二) 背景技术
太阳能电池组件作为将光能转化为电能的设备,目前受到越来越多的 研究, 目前占太阳能电池组件 90%以上的是晶硅光伏组件, 其结构是将 透明前基板玻璃、 封装胶膜、 电池片、 封装胶膜、 后基板背板按从下到上 的顺序进行叠层,然后高温固化封装。太阳能电池组件固化封装的时间一 般长达 20〜30mm, 严重影响了组件封装的效率, 尤其是人工越来越贵的 今天, 欧美日基本都已采用全自动的组件封装生产线, 国内也在转换中, 未来全自动机械化封装是可以预见的。对于投资较大的全自动生产线,其 封装效率尤为重要,单个组件固化时间减少一半,则投资回收期可以减少 一半。
目前也有快速交联的 EVA胶膜的专利报导, 主要采用新型过氧化物 作为引发剂, 同时引入助交联剂, 快速引发, 快速交联, 可以将层压时间 缩短至 10-15mm。 但此种胶膜中添加大量过氧化物引发剂, 层压时过氧 化物分解会释放大量小分子气体,容易造成组件固化产生气泡,对组件固 化工艺造成较大挑战。
(三) 发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种双重引发的快速交联 EVA (乙烯 -醋酸乙烯酯 共聚物)胶膜, 用于太阳能电池组件的封装, 能大幅度提高目前太阳能电 池组件的封装速度。
本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种双重引发的快速交联 EVA胶膜, 主要由质量配比如下的原料制 成:
乙烯 -醋酸乙烯酯共聚 100份
自由基光引发剂 0.01-1.5份
自由基热引发剂 0.01-1.5份
助交联剂 0.5~10份
增粘剂 0.1~5份
光稳定剂 0.01-5份
所述乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物中醋酸乙烯酯的含量为 15~33%, rfi虫指 数范围为 7~50g/10 min, 熔点为 35°C~100°C ;
所述自由基光引发剂为下列之一或其中两种以上的混合物 : 2-羟基 -2- 甲基 -1-苯基丙酮、 1-羟基环己基苯基甲酮、 2-甲基 -2- (4-吗啉基) -1-[4- (甲硫基) 苯基 ]-1-丙酮、 2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基-二苯基氧化膦、 2,4,6- 三甲基苯甲酰基苯基膦酸乙酯、 2-二甲氨基 -2-苄基 -1-[4- (4-吗啉基)苯 基 ]-1-丁酮、 2-羟基 -2-甲基 -1-[4- (2-羟基乙氧基) 苯基] -1-丙酮、 苯甲酰 甲酸甲酯; 优选为下列之一: 2-甲基 -2- (4-吗啉基) -1-[4- (甲硫基) 苯 基 ]-1-丙酮、 2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基-二苯基氧化膦、 2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基 苯基膦酸乙酯。
所述自由基热引发剂为下列之一或其中两种以上的混合物:叔丁基过 氧化碳酸异丙酯、 2, 5-二甲基 -2, 5—双 (叔丁过氧基) 己垸、 1-双 (过 氧化叔丁基) -3, 3, 5-三甲基环己垸、叔丁基过氧化碳酸 -2-乙基己酯、 2, 5-二甲基 -2, 5-二 (叔丁基过氧化) 己垸; 优选为下列之一: 1-双 (过氧 化叔丁基) -3, 3, 5-三甲基环己垸、 叔丁基过氧化碳酸 -2-乙基己酯、 2, 5-二甲基 -2, 5-二 (叔丁基过氧化) 己垸。
所述助交联剂为下列之一或其中两种以上的混合物: 三 (2-羟乙基) 异氰脲酸三丙烯酸酯、 三羟甲基丙垸三丙烯酸酯、 季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、 乙氧化三羟甲基丙垸三丙烯酸酯、丙氧化三羟甲基丙垸三丙烯酸酯、丙氧 化甘油三丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙垸三甲基丙烯酸酯、乙氧化三羟甲基丙垸 三甲基丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、乙氧化季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、二、 三羟甲基丙垸四丙烯酸酯、 丙氧化季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、 2,4,6-三 (2-丙 烯基氧基) -1,3,5-三嗪、 三环葵垸二甲醇二丙烯酸酯、 丙氧化新戊二醇二 丙烯酸酯、 乙氧化双酚 A二丙烯酸酯、 乙氧化双酚 A二甲基丙烯酸酯、 2-丁基 -2-乙基 -1,3-丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、二乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、三乙二 醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯; 优选为下列之一: 三羟甲 基丙垸三丙烯酸酯、乙氧化三羟甲基丙垸三丙烯酸酯、丙氧化三羟甲基丙 垸三丙烯酸酯、丙氧化甘油三丙烯酸酯、 乙氧化甘油三丙烯酸酯、丙氧化 季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、 丙氧化新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯。
所述增粘剂为本领域常规硅垸偶联剂,可下列之一或其中两种以上的 混合物: γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅垸、 γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅垸、 γ- ( 2,3-环氧丙氧) 丙基三甲氧基硅垸、 乙烯基三甲氧基硅垸、 Ν- ( β- 氨乙基) -γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅垸; 优选为 γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧 基硅垸或乙烯基三甲氧基硅垸。
所述光稳定剂本领域常规用于 EVA胶膜的光稳定剂, 可为下列之一 或其中两种以上的混合物:癸二酸双 -2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯、 2,4-二氯 -6- (4-吗啉基) -1,3,5-三嗪、 双 -1-癸垸氧基 -2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶 -4-醇癸二酸 酯、丁二酸和 4-羟基 -2,2,6,6-四甲基 -1-哌啶醇的聚合物、 Ν,Ν'-双(2,2,6,6- 四甲基 -4-哌啶基) -1,6-己二胺和 2,4-二氯 -6- ( 1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基) 氨基 -1,3,5-三嗪的聚合物、 Ν,Ν,-双 (2,2,6,6-四甲基 -4-哌啶基) -1,6-己二胺和 2,4-二氯 -6- (4-吗啉基) -1,3,5-三嗪的聚合物、 Ν,Ν,-双 (1,2,2,6,6-五甲基 -4-哌啶基) -1,6-己二胺和吗啉 -2,4,6-三氯 -1,3,5-三嗪的聚合物、 双
( 1,2,2,6,6-五甲基 -4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯 /甲基 -1,2,2,6,6-五甲基 -4-哌啶基癸 二酸酯复配物或丁二酸与 (4-羟基 -2,2,6,6-四甲基 -1-哌啶醇) 的聚合物; 优选为癸二酸双 -2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯或 2,4-二氯 -6- (4-吗啉基) -1,3,5- 三嗪。
所述 EVA胶膜, 还可依需求添加一些其他常规的功能助剂, 因此制 备所述 EVA胶膜的原料还可包括 0.1~1份的紫外吸收剂和 /或 0.1~1份的 抗氧剂。
优选的, 所述紫外吸收剂为 2-羟基 -4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮, 抗氧剂为 2,6-二叔丁基 -4-甲基苯酚。
优选的, 制备所述 EVA胶膜的原料质量组成如下:
100份
0.01~1.0份
0.01~1.0份
0.5~3.0份
0.1-1.5份
0.1~1.0份。
本发明提出的一种双重引发的快速交联 EVA胶膜, 使用双重引发体 系的引发剂组合和多官能团的丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯助交联剂,双重引 发固化。 固化过程十分迅速, 可将固化过程压缩到 10mm之内, 大大提 高了组件封装的效率。 普通快速固化 EVA胶膜一般采用过氧化物作为引 发剂, 加热条件下分解产生自由基, 引发 EVA胶膜固化。本发明专利中, 同时添加了自由基光引发剂和热引发剂,并选用丙烯酸酯类材料作为助交 联剂,进一歩加快固化过程。丙烯酸酯类材料对热致引发和紫外光致引发 都十分敏感, 是理想的助交联材料。
本发明中, 由于过氧化物引发剂相比普通 EVA胶膜减少, 因此其热 分解产生的小分子也变少,层压时产生气泡的几率也变少, 因此组件封装 的良品率会提高不少; 其次, 光热双重引发固化, 固化更加均匀, 交联密 度高, 与玻璃粘结强度更高、 耐老化性能好。
本发明所涉及的 EVA胶膜由乙烯 -醋酸乙烯酯共聚物和其他助剂经 过混料、 熔融挤出、 流延成薄膜。
本发明涉及的 EVA胶膜, 用于封装太阳能电池组件时, 将前基板玻 璃、 EVA胶膜、 电池片、 EVA胶膜从下到上依此叠层, 送入紫外辐照室 辐照 20~60s, 然后再铺上背板, 送入层压机, 在 140 160 °C的条件下固化 5~10min。
本发明涉及的 EVA胶膜, 其有益效果主要体现在: 本发明在乙烯- 醋酸乙烯酯共聚物中添加光热双重引发的自由基引发剂和多官能团的丙 烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯类助交联剂,使用紫外和热压双重固化工艺制得太 阳能电池组件。 固化时间减少至 5~10min, 固化成品率高; 固化均匀, 交 联密度高, 与玻璃粘结强度更高、 耐老化性能好。
(四) 具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一歩描述,但本发明的保护范围 并不仅限于此: 实施例 1 :
以质量份数计, 取 100份 VA (醋酸乙烯) 质量含量为 33%的乙烯一 醋酸乙烯酯共聚物 (美国杜邦公司 EVA150 ) 中, 加入 0.05份引发剂 2- 甲基 _2- (4_吗啉基) -1_[4- (甲硫基) 苯基] -1-丙酮 ( 成都格雷西亚化学 技术有限公司), 加入 0.6份引发剂 2, 5-二甲基 -2, 5-二(叔丁基过氧化) 己垸 ( 百灵威科技有限公司), 0.8份助交联剂三羟甲基丙垸三甲基丙烯 酸酯 (上海淳安国际贸易有限公司 HC231 ) , 0.2份的增粘剂乙烯基三甲 氧基硅垸 (日本信越有机硅有限公司 KBM-100 ) , 0.1份光稳定剂 2,4-二 氯 -6- (4-吗啉基) -1,3,5-三嗪 (济南邦德化工技术有限公司), 并混合均 匀。
将混合物在挤出机中进行共混挤出, 温度控制在 90°C, 挤出物经过 流延、 冷却、 分切、 卷取工序, 即得厚度为 0.45mm的 EVA胶膜, 记为 S-l。 实施例 2:
以质量份数计,取 100份 VA含量为 28%的乙烯一醋酸乙烯酯共聚物 (新加坡 TPC公司 KA-40 ) 中, 加入 0.4份引发剂 2-甲基 -2- (4-吗啉基) -1-[4- (甲硫基)苯基] -1-丙酮( 成都格雷西亚化学技术有限公司), 加入 0.4份引发剂 2, 5-二甲基 -2, 5-二 (叔丁基过氧化) 己垸 ( 百灵威科技 有限公司), 0.8份助交联剂丙氧化甘油三丙烯酸酯(天津市天骄化工有限 公司), 0.3 份的增粘剂 γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅垸 (德固赛化 学有限公司 ΚΗ570),0.1份光稳定剂癸二酸双 -2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯(上 海波以尔化工有限公司), 并混合均匀。
将混合物在挤出机中进行共混挤出, 温度控制在 90°C以内, 挤出物 经过流延、 冷却、 分切、 卷取工序, 即得厚度为 0.45mm的 EVA胶膜, 记为 S-2。 实施例 3 :
以质量份数计,取 100份 VA含量为 33%的乙烯一醋酸乙烯酯共聚物 (美国杜邦公司 EV150 ) 中, 加入 0.3份引发剂 2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基- 二苯基氧化膦( 百灵威科技有限公司), 0.4份引发剂 2, 5-二甲基 -2, 5- 二(叔丁基过氧化) 己垸(百灵威科技有限公司), 0.8份助交联剂三羟甲 基丙垸三丙烯酸酯 (天津市天骄化工有限公司), 0.2 份的增粘剂 γ-甲基 丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅垸 (德固赛化学有限公司 ΚΗ570 ) , 0.1份光 稳定剂癸二酸双 -2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯(上海波以尔化工有限公司), 并 混合均匀。
将混合物在挤出机中进行共混挤出, 温度控制在 90°C以内, 挤出物 经过流延、 冷却、 分切、 卷取工序, 即得厚度为 0.45mm的 EVA胶膜, 记为 S-3。 实施例 4:
以质量份数计,取 100份 VA含量为 26%的乙烯一醋酸乙烯酯共聚物 (台湾塑胶工业股份有限公司 7470M) 中, 加入 0.6份引发剂 2,4,6-三甲 基苯甲酰基-二苯基氧化膦 ( 百灵威科技有限公司), 加入 0.8份引发剂 叔丁基过氧化碳酸 -2-乙基己酯 (阿克苏诺贝尔化学有限公司), 3份助交 联剂丙氧化三羟甲基丙垸三丙烯酸酯(天津联合化学试剂厂), 1.5份的增 粘剂乙烯基三甲氧基硅垸 (日本信越有机硅有限公司 KBM-100 ) , 0.5份 光稳定剂癸二酸双 -2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯 (上海波以尔化工有限公司), 并混合均匀。
将混合物在挤出机中进行共混挤出, 温度控制在 90°C, 挤出物经过 流延、 冷却、 分切、 卷取工序, 即得厚度为 0.45mm的 EVA胶膜, 记为 S-4。 实施例 5:
以质量份数计, 取 100份 VA含量为 33 %的乙烯一醋酸乙烯酯共聚 物 (美国杜邦公司 EVA150 ) 中, 加入 1份引发剂 2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基 苯基膦酸乙酯 (梯希爱 (上海) 化成工业发展有限公司 ), 0.4份引发剂 叔丁基过氧化碳酸 -2-乙基己酯 (阿克苏诺贝尔化学有限公司), 3份助交 联剂乙氧化三羟甲基丙垸三丙烯酸酯(天津联合化学试剂厂), 1.5份的增 粘剂 γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅垸 (南京联硅化工有限公司 ΚΗ-570 ) , 1份光稳定剂癸二酸双 -2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯(上海波以尔化 工有限公司), 并混合均匀。
将混合物在挤出机中进行共混挤出, 温度控制在 90°C, 挤出物经过 流延、 冷却、 分切、 卷取工序, 即得厚度为 0.45mm的 EVA胶膜, 记为 S-5。 实施例 6:
以质量份数计, 取 100份 VA含量为 28 %的乙烯一醋酸乙烯酯共聚 物 (新加坡 TPC公司 KA-40 ) 中, 加入 0.01份引发剂 2,4,6-三甲基苯甲 酰基苯基膦酸乙酯 (梯希爱 (上海) 化成工业发展有限公司 ), 1份引发 剂叔丁基过氧化碳酸 -2-乙基己酯 (阿克苏诺贝尔化学有限公司), 0.6 份 助交联剂丙氧化季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯 (上海淳安国际贸易有限公司 EM2421 ) , 0.2份的增粘剂 γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅垸 (南京联 硅化工有限公司 ΚΗ-570 ) , 0.1份光稳定剂 2,4-二氯 -6- (4-吗啉基) -1,3,5- 三嗪 (济南邦德化工技术有限公司), 并混合均匀。
将混合物在挤出机中进行共混挤出, 温度控制在 90°C, 挤出物经过 流延、 冷却、 分切、 卷取工序, 即得厚度为 0.45mm的 EVA胶膜, 记为 S-6。 实施例 7:
以质量份数计, 取 100份 VA含量为 28 %的乙烯一醋酸乙烯酯共聚 物(新加坡 TPC公司 KA-40 )中, 加入 2份引发剂 2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基 苯基膦酸乙酯 (梯希爱 (上海) 化成工业发展有限公司 ), 0.01 份的 1- 双 (过氧化叔丁基) -3, 3, 5-三甲基环己垸 (百灵威科技有限公司), 1 份助交联剂丙氧化新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯 (上海淳安国际贸易有限公司 HC2251 ) , 1份的增粘剂 γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅垸(南京联硅 化工有限公司 ΚΗ-570 ) , 0.6份光稳定剂 2,4-二氯 -6- (4-吗啉基) -1,3,5- 三嗪 (济南邦德化工技术有限公司), 并混合均匀。
将混合物在挤出机中进行共混挤出, 温度控制在 90°C, 挤出物经过 流延、 冷却、 分切、 卷取工序, 即得厚度为 0.45mm的 EVA胶膜, 记为 S-7。 实施例 8:
以质量份数计, 取 100份 VA含量为 28 %的乙烯一醋酸乙烯酯共聚 物 (新加坡 TPC公司 KA-40) 中, 加入 0.2份引发剂 2-甲基 -2- (4-吗啉 基) -μ[4- (甲硫基) 苯基] -1-丙酮 ( 成都格雷西亚化学技术有限公司),
0.2 份引发剂叔丁基过氧化碳酸 -2-乙基己酯 (阿克苏诺贝尔化学有限公 司), 0.6份助交联剂乙氧化甘油三丙烯酸酯(成都格雷西亚化学技术有限 公司), 0.2 份的增粘剂 γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅垸 (南京联硅 化工有限公司 ΚΗ-570), 0.1份光稳定剂癸二酸双 -2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯
(上海波以尔化工有限公司), 并混合均匀。
将混合物在挤出机中进行共混挤出, 温度控制在 90°C, 挤出物经过 流延、 冷却、 分切、 卷取工序, 即得厚度为 0.45mm的 EVA胶膜, 记为 S-8。 比较例 1 :
普利司通 S11 EVA胶膜, 即为 D-l。 比较例 2:
在实施例 1中,将 0.8份的助交联剂三羟甲基丙垸三甲基丙烯酸酯 (上 海淳安国际贸易有限公司 HC231 )换为 0.8份的固化剂三烯丙基异氰脲酸 酯(阿克苏诺贝尔化学有限公司), 其余不变, 所得 EVA胶膜, 记为 D-2。 采用以上方法制 EVA胶膜产品, 性能指标通过以下方法测定:
1、 交联度
样品制作:取尺寸为 150mmxl50mm的 3mm厚玻璃、 EVA胶膜和试 验用背板, 实施例按玻璃、 2层 EVA胶膜从下到上依此叠层, 送入紫外 辐照室 40W的 UVA灯管辐照 30s,然后再铺上背板,送入层压机,在 150°C 的条件下固化 8mm。比较例 1/2按玻璃 /2层 EVA胶膜 /背板次序放入真空 层压机内, 在 150°C, 层压固化 8mm。 固化完成后, 剥去试样上的背板, 用刀片在试样中间从玻璃上取下约 1 g交联固化好的 EVA胶膜用于交联 度测试。
交联度测试方法如下:
(1) 原理
EVA胶膜经加热固化形成交联, 采用二甲苯溶剂萃取样品中未交联 部分, 从而测定交联度。
(2) 仪器设备 a) 容量为 500 ml带 24#磨口的三口圆底烧瓶;
b) 带 24#磨口的回流冷凝管;
c) 配有温度控制仪的电加热套;
d) 精度为 0.001 g的电子天平;
e) 真空烘箱;
f) 不锈钢丝网袋: 剪取尺寸为 120mmx60mm的 120目不锈钢丝网, 将其对折成 60mmx60mm, 两侧边再向内折进 5mm两次并固定, 制成顶端开口的尺寸为 60mmx40mm的网袋。
(3) 试剂 二甲苯 (A.R级) 。
(4) 试样制备 前述制备的 EVA胶膜 S-1 S-8, D-l、 D-2。 (5) 试验过程 a) 将不锈钢丝网袋洗净、 烘干、 称重为 (精确至 0.001 g) 。
b) 取试样 0.5 g±0.01 g, 放入不锈钢丝网袋中, 做成试样包, 称重为 W2 (精确至 0.001 g) 。
c) 将试样包用细铁丝封口后,作好标记,从三口烧瓶的侧口插入并用 橡胶塞封住, 烧瓶内加入 1/2容积的二甲苯溶剂, 使试样包浸没在 溶剂中。 加热至 140 °C左右, 溶剂沸腾回流 5h。 回流速度保持 20 滴 /min〜40滴 /min。
d) 回流结束后, 取出试样包, 悬挂除去溶剂液滴。然后放入真空烘箱 内, 温度控制在 140°C, 干燥 3h, 完全除去溶剂。
e) 将试样包从烘箱内取出, 除去铁丝后, 放在干燥器中冷却 20mm 后, 取出, 称重为 W3 (精确至 0.001 g) 。
(6) 试验结果 按式 (2) 计算交联度, 取 2组试样的算术平均值, 精确至 0.1%。
G = ^ xl00 (2) w2-w1
式中:
G —交联度, 单位为百分率 (%) ;
W!——不锈钢丝网空袋重量, 单位为克 (g) ;
W2——试样包重量, 单位为克 (g) ·'
w3—经溶剂萃取和干燥后的试样包重量, 单位为克 (g) 。
、 玻璃 /封装胶膜粘结强度 性材料对刚性材料。
样品制作:取尺寸为 150mmxl50mm的 3mm厚玻璃、 EVA胶膜和试 验用背板, 实施例按玻璃、 2层 EVA胶膜从下到上依此叠层, 送入紫外 辐照室 40W的 UVA灯管辐照 30s,然后再铺上背板,送入层压机,在 150°C 的条件下固化 8mm。 比较例 1和 2按玻璃 /2层 EVA胶膜 /背板次序放入 真空层压机内, 在 150°C, 层压固化 8min。
以 100mm/min速度在拉力机上进行测定, 记录拉伸强度数值。
3、 耐湿热老化性能
按照 GB/T2423.3试验方法进行湿热老化试验。
样品制作:取尺寸为 150mmxl50mm的 3mm厚玻璃、 EVA胶膜和试 验用背板, 实施例按玻璃、 2层 EVA胶膜从下到上依此叠层, 送入紫外 辐照室 40W的 UVA灯管辐照 30s,然后再铺上背板,送入层压机,在 150°C 的条件下固化 8mm。 比较例 1和 2按玻璃 /2层 EVA胶膜 /背板次序放入 真空层压机内, 在 150°C, 层压固化 8min。
试验条件为温度 85 °C, 相对湿度 85 %, 时间 1000h。
试验前后对试样黄变指数 (ΔΥΙ) 按国标 《塑料黄色指数试验方法》 GB2409, 由 HunterLab ColorQuest测色仪按 ASTM进行分析。
4、 耐紫外老化性能
按照 GB/T 19394-2003试验方法进行耐紫外老化试验。
按照试验架大小裁取玻璃、 EVA胶膜和试样用背板, 实施例按玻璃、 2层 EVA胶膜从下到上依此叠层, 送入紫外辐照室 40W的 UVA灯管辐 照 30s, 然后再铺上背板, 送入层压机, 在 150°C的条件下固化 8mm。 比 较例 1和 2按玻璃 /2层 EVA胶膜 /背板次序放入真空层压机内,在 150°C, 层压固化 8min。 试验条件为温度 60°C,辐照波长为 280 nm〜400 nm,辐照强度为 120 kWh/m2 o
试验前后对试样黄变指数 (ΔΥΙ) 按国标 《塑料黄色指数试验方法》 GB2409, 由 HunterLab ColorQuest测色仪按 ASTM进行分析, 测试结果 见表 1。
Figure imgf000015_0001
Figure imgf000015_0002
从以上性能检测指标可以看出, 本发明的快速交联 EVA胶膜, 具有 交联速度快, 剥离强度高, 耐老化性能好的优点, 适用于太阳能电池组件 的封装。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种双重引发的快速交联 EVA胶膜,主要由质量配比如下的原料制成:
100份
0.01-1.5份
0.01-1.5份
0.5-10份
0.1-5份
0.01-5份
所述乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物中醋酸乙烯酯的含量为 15~33%,熔融指数 范围为 7~50g/10 min, 熔点为 35°C~100°C;
所述自由基光引发剂为下列之一或其中两种以上的混合物: 2-羟基 -2- 甲基 -1-苯基丙酮、 1-羟基环己基苯基甲酮、 2-甲基 -2- (4-吗啉基) -1-[4- (甲硫基)苯基] -1-丙酮、 2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基-二苯基氧化膦、 2,4,6- 三甲基苯甲酰基苯基膦酸乙酯、 2-二甲氨基 -2-苄基 -1-[4- (4-吗啉基) 苯基] -1-丁酮、 2-羟基 -2-甲基 -1-[4- (2-羟基乙氧基) 苯基] -1-丙酮、 苯 甲酰甲酸甲酯; 所述自由基热引发剂为下列之一或其中两种以上的混合物: 叔丁基过 氧化碳酸异丙酯、 2, 5-二甲基 -2, 5—双(叔丁过氧基) 己垸、 1-双(过 氧化叔丁基) -3, 3, 5-三甲基环己垸、 叔丁基过氧化碳酸 -2-乙基己酯、 2, 5-二甲基 -2, 5-二 (叔丁基过氧化) 己垸;
所述助交联剂为下列之一或其中两种以上的混合物: 三(2-羟乙基)异 氰脲酸三丙烯酸酯、 三羟甲基丙垸三丙烯酸酯、 季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、 乙氧化三羟甲基丙垸三丙烯酸酯、 丙氧化三羟甲基丙垸三丙烯酸酯、 丙氧化甘油三丙烯酸酯、 乙氧化甘油三丙烯酸酯、 三羟甲基丙烷三甲 基丙烯酸酯、 乙氧化三羟甲基丙垸三甲基丙烯酸酯、 季戊四醇四丙烯 酸酯、 乙氧化季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、 二羟甲基丙垸四丙烯酸酯、 三羟 甲基丙垸四丙烯酸酯、 丙氧化季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、 丙氧化季戊四醇 四丙烯酸酯、 2,4,6-三(2-丙烯基氧基) -1,3,5-三嗪、 三环葵垸二甲醇二 丙烯酸酯、 丙氧化新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯、 乙氧化双酚 A二丙烯酸酯、 乙氧化双酚 A二甲基丙烯酸酯、 2-丁基 -2-乙基 -1,3-丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、 二乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、 三乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、 聚乙二醇二甲 基丙烯酸酯。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的 EVA胶膜, 其特征在于所述增粘剂为下列之一或 其中两种以上的混合物: γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅垸、 γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙 基三甲氧基硅垸、 γ- (2,3-环氧丙氧) 丙基三甲氧基硅垸、 乙烯基三甲 氧基硅垸、 Ν- ( β-氨乙基) -γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅垸。
3. 如权利要求 1所述的 EVA胶膜, 其特征在于所述光稳定剂为下列之一 或其中两种以上的混合物: 癸二酸双 -2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯、 2,4-二 氯 -6- (4-吗啉基) -1,3,5-三嗪、 双 -1-癸垸氧基 -2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶 -4-醇 癸二酸酯、 丁二酸和 4-羟基 -2,2,6,6-四甲基 -1-哌啶醇的聚合物、 Ν,Ν'- 双 (2,2,6,6-四甲基 -4-哌啶基) -1,6-己二胺和 2,4-二氯 -6- ( 1,1,3,3-四甲 基丁基)氨基 -1,3,5-三嗪的聚合物、 Ν,Ν,-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基 -4-哌啶基) -1,6-己二胺和 2,4-二氯 -6- (4-吗啉基) -1,3,5-三嗪的聚合物、 Ν,Ν'-双
( 1,2,2,6,6-五甲基 -4-哌啶基) -1,6-己二胺和吗啉 -2,4,6-三氯 -1,3,5-三嗪 的聚合物、 双 (1,2,2,6,6-五甲基 -4-哌啶基) 癸二酸酯 /甲基 -1,2,2,6,6-五 甲基 -4-哌啶基癸二酸酯复配物或丁二酸与(4-羟基 -2,2,6,6-四甲基 -1-哌 啶醇) 的聚合物。
4. 如权利要求 1所述的 EVA胶膜,其特征在于制备所述 EVA胶膜的原料 还包括 0.1~1份的紫外吸收剂和 /或 0.01~1份的抗氧剂。
5. 如权利要求 4所述的 EVA胶膜, 其特征在于所述紫外吸收剂为 2-羟基 -4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮, 抗氧剂为 2,6-二叔丁基 -4-甲基苯酚。
6. 如权利要求 1所述的 EVA胶膜,其特征在于制备所述 EVA胶膜的原料 质量组成如下:
乙烯 -醋酸乙烯酯共聚物 100份
自由基光引发剂 0.01~1.0份
自由基热引发剂 0.01~1.0份
助交联剂 0.5-3.0份
增粘剂 0.1-1.5份
光稳定剂 0.1~1.0份。
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CN115537142A (zh) * 2022-08-30 2022-12-30 杭州师范大学 一种钠离子阻隔膜及其制备方法
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