CN115595072B - 轻量化光伏组件用高强度抗pid型封装胶膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
轻量化光伏组件用高强度抗pid型封装胶膜及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115595072B CN115595072B CN202211324084.5A CN202211324084A CN115595072B CN 115595072 B CN115595072 B CN 115595072B CN 202211324084 A CN202211324084 A CN 202211324084A CN 115595072 B CN115595072 B CN 115595072B
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/10—Adhesives in the form of films or foils without carriers
-
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Abstract
本发明涉及光伏胶膜技术领域,尤其涉及一种轻量化光伏组件用高强度抗PID型封装胶膜,其成分按质量份计组成如下:EVA树脂60‑90份,增强母粒10‑40份,增塑剂1‑5份,过氧化物交联剂0.4‑1.0份,助交联剂0.4‑1.0份,粘接剂0‑0.3份,抗氧剂0.1‑0.5份以及紫外吸收剂0‑0.5份。在本发明中,增强母粒为基体EVA树脂、极性树脂、增容螯合剂和成核增透剂混合造粒而成。与传统封装胶膜相比,本发明所得高性能EVA封装胶膜,不仅具备与PVB胶膜相当的力学性能,可满足目前轻量化组件对高强度封装胶膜的需求,同时与现有EVA胶膜相比,大幅提高胶膜致密度,降低胶膜的水汽透过率,阻隔金属离子的迁移,极大改善组件的抗PID性能,且可匹配现有EVA胶膜生产工艺和层压方式,具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及光伏封装胶膜技术领域,尤其涉及一种轻量化光伏组件用高强度抗PID型封装胶膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
近些年来,我国分布式光伏呈现出蓬勃发展之势。截至2021年,我国分布式光伏新增装机量及占比首次超过集中式光伏,达到29.3GW(占比53.4%)。与集中式光伏电站不同,分布式光伏大多安装于建筑物的表面(如屋顶),其安装位置对载荷的要求较为严苛,而且随着市场上的大尺寸光伏产品占比的逐渐提升,完整组件外加支架系统重量的持续增加,对屋顶承重也提出了更高的要求。正因如此,“轻量化”组件得以应运而生。
目前,轻量化光伏组件采用的技术方案主要优化边框重量、降低盖板玻璃厚度、采用透明背板替代玻璃等。据悉,当前前沿的组件厂商为了应对组件轻量化的趋势以及降本增效所面临的压力,所用3.2mm厚度的钢化玻璃已逐渐向2.0mm进行转变,甚至有些厂家已经着手开始推行1.8、1.6mm超薄型光伏组件或采用透明背板进行替代。
虽然这种解决方案可从一定程度降低组件的重量与安装所需的系统成本,满足目前光伏组件的轻量化需求,但前后盖板厚度的降低或背板替代所引起的组件抗冲击性能下降、水汽侵蚀加剧、PID衰减激增等问题却亟需解决。显然,仅采用目前水汽透过率较高的EVA材料、力学性能较差POE材料已难以满足当前轻量化组件对光伏封装胶膜的需求。
目前采用热塑性PVB胶膜封装可以满足组件在抗冲击性能、强度方面的要求,但其难以匹配目前EVA的生产工艺,且其封装电池的过程需采用非连续型高压釜式操作,成本高、效率低,极难实现规模化应用。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明的目的之一在于提供一种轻量化组件用高强度封装胶膜,以满足目前轻量化组件对高强度、耐冲击等性能方面的需求,且可匹配现有常规EVA胶膜的生产工艺和层压方式。
本发明的目的之二在于所提供高强度封装胶膜还具备优异的抗PID性能,在层压固化过程中可形成高度致密的化学和物理交联网络,大幅提高胶膜致密度,降低胶膜的水汽透过率,阻隔金属离子的迁移,极大改善组件的抗PID性能。
为实现上述目的,本发明提出的一种可用于增强EVA胶膜综合性能的复合型增强母粒,其由基体EVA树脂、极性树脂、增容螯合剂和成核增透剂按一定比例混合造粒而成。
所述极性树脂中均含有一定量的羟基、羧基、腈基、环氧或醚键等活性基团,它的引入,不仅可以使胶膜层压固化过程中形成具有互穿网络的化学交联结构,也可营造出致密的物理交联网络(即氢键交联网络),大幅提高EVA极性醋酸乙烯链段与极性树脂极性链段之间的相互作用力,增加分子链之间的缠结;同时,增强母粒中所含成核增透剂也可进一步加快混合树脂的冷结晶速率,细化晶粒尺寸,进一步提高胶膜的抗拉强度、热变形温度、抗冲击性、抗蠕变性等力学性能,并可防止因强极性树脂过度结晶所导致雾度、透光率降低等问题。
与传统EVA仅采用过氧化物形成化学交联的机制不同,本发明申请中同时形成的化学与物理交联网络,会进一步加强分子链之间的堆积密度,提高胶膜的致密性,进而降低其水汽透过率,提高组件的老化性能。更为重要的是,本发明中为了更好营造这种氢键交联网络和提升组件抗PID性能,还特地引入一种由活性硅烷和乙基醚螯合剂聚合而成的增容螯合剂,增容螯合剂中硅烷链段与丙烯酸链段不仅可很好地提高成核剂的分散效果,增加EVA与极性树脂之间的分子链缠结,同时柔顺的乙基醚链段也可穿插于极性基团之间,进一步强化氢键位点之间的连接,使得极性基团之间氢键网络更加致密。
在构建的致密氢键交联网络中,极性树脂中的羟基、羧基、腈基、环氧或醚键等活性基团以及增容耦合剂中大量的乙基醚基团均富含孤独电子,可以很好地与极性水分子或带正电的水合金属离子形成强烈的配位鳌合作用,加之胶膜层压固化所形成致密的物理化学交联网络,可以极大程度上提高封装胶膜的水汽阻隔能力、延缓组件使用过程中因极化作用所引起的金属离子迁移,提升组件抗PID能力和使用寿命。
此外,本发明中引入极性树脂和增容鳌合剂中所含的极性基团,对玻璃或背板表面的裸露羟基或环氧基团也有很强氢键配位作用,加之层压过程粘结剂所形成-O-Si-O-化学键合作用,使得所得胶膜与背板或玻璃之间具有更强的剥离强度保持率,可有效防止因脱层所引起水汽侵蚀问题,大幅延长组件的使用寿命。
为了实现上述作用,所述增强母粒采用双螺杆造粒的方式进行制备,温度为80-120℃;其中基体EVA树脂、极性树脂、增容螯合剂和成核剂,按重量份数比为40-60:30-50:0.5-3:1-5。
所述极性树脂由乙烯与乙烯基极性单体共聚而成的多元共聚物,所述极性单体至少应包括乙烯基醇、乙烯基醚、丙烯腈、丙烯酸、丙烯酸缩水甘油醚中的一种。
进一步地,所述极性树脂包括乙烯-丙烯酸二元共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸三元共聚物、乙烯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油醚二元共聚物、乙烯-丙烯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油醚三元共聚物、乙烯-丙烯腈二元共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯腈三元共聚物、乙烯-马来酸酐二元共聚物、乙烯-丙烯-马来酸酐三元共聚物、乙烯-乙烯基醇-醋酸乙烯酯三元共聚物、乙烯-乙烯丁醚二元共聚物等多元极性共聚物中的一种或多种。
进一步地,为了保证所得胶膜具有较高的模量,所述极性树脂中极性单体的含量应不低于5%,优选为10-25%;分子量应介于8000-50000,且拉伸强度不低于20Mpa。
进一步地,为了保证胶膜流延工艺的匹配性,所述极性树脂的熔融指数为0.5-10g/10min,优选为5-10g/10min;熔点为80-110℃,优选为80-95℃。
所述增容螯合剂为硅烷偶联剂、不饱和乙基醚螯合剂与苯乙烯单体经自由基聚合而成,所述单体配比为2:2:1。
进一步地,增容螯合剂中所述硅烷偶联剂为乙烯基硅氧烷和含环氧、氨基、羟基、巯基或异氰酸基活性硅氧烷单体按1:1复配而成。
进一步地,所述乙烯基硅烷为乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基-三(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷与乙烯基三乙酰氧硅烷中其中一种。
进一步地,所述活性硅烷为3-缩水甘油醚氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-异氰酸盐丙基三乙氧基硅烷、脲丙基三烷氧基硅烷、3-羟基丙基三乙氧基硅烷等其中一种或两种。
再进一步地,所述不饱和乙基醚螯合剂为聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯或其类似物,其中乙二醇重复单元数n为4-20,粘度不大于300cps。
所述成核剂为复合型成核剂,由气相二氧化硅与山梨醇苄叉衍生物按1:1复配而成。
进一步地,所述气相二氧化硅比表面积不低于100m2/g,平均原生粒径应介于5-100nm,灼烧后二氧化硅含量应大于99.8%。
再进一步地,所述山梨醇苄叉衍生物可选用于1-(2-丁烯基)山梨醇、1-丁基山梨醇、1-(2-甲基烯丙基)山梨醇、1-异丁基山梨醇、1-乙烯基山梨醇、1-乙基山梨醇等其中一种或多种。
在本发明中,制备所得的一种轻量化组件用高强度抗PID型封装胶膜,具体组成按重量份数计如下:EVA树脂60-90份,增强母粒10-40份,增塑剂1-5份,过氧化物交联剂0.4-1.0份,助交联剂0.4-1.0份,粘接剂0-0.3份,抗氧剂0.1-0.5份,紫外吸收剂0-0.5份。
所述EVA树脂为市售光伏级成分为乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物,VA含量为26-30%,熔体流动速率为15-28g/10min。
所述增强母粒由上述方法所制,添加比例10-40份,进一步优选为10-30份。
为了保证增强母粒与EVA树脂在流延过程混合的均匀性,流延过程中需添加一定量有机增塑剂,添加比例优选为1-5份。
进一步地,所述增塑剂为脂肪族二元酸酯类、苯二甲酸酯类、苯多酸酯类、苯甲酸酯类、多元醇酯类、氯化烃类、环氧类、柠檬酸酯类、聚酯类等有机增塑剂其中的一种或多种。
进一步地,所述增塑剂优选为苯二甲酸酯类,可选用于邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯、邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯等常用苯二甲酸酯类中一种或多种。
进一步地,所述过氧化物交联剂选自于叔丁基过氧化2-乙基己基碳酸酯、二叔丁基过氧化物、过氧化二异丙苯、叔丁基过氧新癸酸、过氧化苯甲酰中一种或多种。
进一步地,所述助交联剂选自于三聚氰酸三烯丙酯、三烯丙基异三聚氰酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯等中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
进一步地,所述粘接剂选自于γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基-三(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、乙烯基三乙酰氧硅烷等中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
进一步地,所述抗氧剂选自于四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯、4-[(4,6-二辛硫基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)氨基]-2,6-二叔丁基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、三(2,4-二叔丁基)亚磷酸苯酯、3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)-N'-[3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酰基]丙酰肼等中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
进一步地,所述紫外吸收剂选自于4-甲氧基-2-羟基二苯甲酮、2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-十二烷氧基二苯甲酮、水杨酸苯酯、2-(2-羟基-5-甲基苯基)苯并三氮唑、4-苯甲酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、癸二酸双-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯等中一种或两种以上的混合物。
值得说明的是:本发明中所述的一种轻量化光伏组件用高强度抗PID型封装胶膜,在不影响其封装使用效果的情况下,还可根据其目的和用途适当添加其他已公知的添加剂。该添加剂还包括增白剂、敏化剂、防静电剂、阻燃剂、抗菌剂、收缩抑制剂、热稳定剂、光稳定剂、金属灭活剂、防霉剂和增粘剂。上述添加剂可单独使用,或可其两种或多种组合使用。
本发明中所提出的轻量化光伏组件用高强度抗PID型封装胶膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.制备增强母粒:基体EVA树脂、极性树脂、增容螯合剂和成核增透剂,按重量份数比为40-60:30-50:0.5-3:1-5称取并混合后造粒,制得增强母粒;
S2.制备胶膜:将EVA树脂60-90份,增强母粒10-40份,增塑剂1-5份,过氧化物交联剂0.4-1.0份,助交联剂0.4-1.0份,粘接剂0-0.3份,抗氧剂0.1-0.5份,紫外吸收剂0-0.5份,混炼塑化并挤出,挤出物经压花定型、冷却、牵引、卷取工序后,制得胶膜。
与现有胶膜相比,本发明的一种轻量化组件用高强度封装胶膜的有益效果在于:
(1)与现有EVA类胶膜相比,由于增强母粒的加入,本发明所得胶膜具有更高拉伸强度(>23MPa)、撕裂强度(>40N),远高于目前EVA胶膜(10-16Mpa、10-20N),且拥有更高的热变形温度、抗冲击性、抗蠕变性等力学性能,可满足轻量化组件对高强度封装胶膜的技术需求;
(2)与热塑性PVB胶膜相比,本发明中涉及的轻量化组件用高强度抗PID封装胶膜可以兼容现有EVA生产工艺和层压方式,相较于PVB高温流延、采用非连续型高压釜式层压工艺,本发明更加经济高效,更易规模化;
(3)与传统胶膜采用化学交联固化方式不同,本发明中涉及的轻量化组件用高强度抗PID封装胶膜在层压固化过程可以同时形成互穿的物理与化学交联网络,进一步加强树脂分子链之间的堆积密度,提高胶膜的致密性,进而降低其水汽透过率,提高组件的老化性能。
在增容耦合剂加强的氢键交联网络中,极性树脂和增容耦合剂所拥有的活性基团均富含孤独电子,可以很好地与极性水分子或带正电的水合金属离子形成强烈的配位鳌合作用,提高封装胶膜的水汽阻隔能力、延缓组件使用过程中因极化作用引起的金属离子迁移,提升组件抗PID能力和使用寿命。
(4)与现有胶膜相比,本发明中引入极性树脂和增容鳌合剂中所含的极性基团对玻璃或背板表面的裸露羟基或环氧基团也有很强氢键配位作用,加之层压过程粘结剂所形成的-O-Si-O-化学键合作用,使得所得胶膜与背板或玻璃之间具有更高的剥离强度保持率,可有效防止因脱层所引起水汽侵蚀问题,大幅延长组件的使用寿命。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图1是本发明的胶膜制备方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
为了更好地解释本发明,以下将结合具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,但是本领域技术人员将会理解,下列所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例,仅用于说明本发明,而不应视为限制本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
实施例1
S1.制备增强母粒:基体EVA树脂、极性树脂、增容螯合剂和成核增透剂,按重量份数比为50:40:2:4称取并混合均匀后,采用双螺杆造粒的方式进行制备,各温区温度范围为80-120℃;其中极性树脂选用乙烯-丙烯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油醚三元共聚物,第三极性单体的含量约为20%;增容螯合剂为硅烷偶联剂(乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷:、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷=1:1)、聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(n=6)与苯乙烯单体按质量比2:2:1经自由基聚合而成。
S2.制备胶膜A1:按重量份数计,称取乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)90份,增强母粒10份,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯3份,二叔丁基过氧化物0.8份、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯0.7份、乙烯基-三(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷0.3份、三(2,4-二叔丁基)亚磷酸苯酯0.1份、2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮0.2份,混合均匀后,将混合料投入挤出机进行混炼塑化,挤出机温度控制在70-90℃。挤出物经压花定型、冷却、牵引、卷取等工序后制得胶膜A1。
实施例2
S1.制备增强母粒:与实施例1相同。
S2.制备胶膜A2:按重量份数计,称取乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)70份,增强母粒30份,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯3份,叔丁基过氧化2-乙基己基碳酸酯0.8份、三烯丙基异三聚氰酸酯0.7份、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷0.3份、四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯0.1份、4-甲氧基-2-羟基二苯甲酮0.2份,混合均匀后,将混合料投入挤出机进行混炼塑化,挤出机温度控制在70-90℃。挤出物经压花定型、冷却、牵引、卷取等工序后制得增强型胶膜A2。
实施例3
极性树脂与实施例胶膜A3的制备:除极性树脂选用乙烯-乙烯基醇-醋酸乙烯酯三元共聚物,其中乙烯基醇含量约为20%,其他条件与实施例2一致得到实施例胶膜A3。
实施例4
增强母粒与实施例胶膜A4的制备:增强母粒由基体EVA树脂、极性树脂、增容螯合剂和成核剂按重量份数比为50:40:2:5进行制备,其他条件与实施例3一致,制备得到实施例胶膜A4。
实施例5
增强母粒与实施例胶膜A5的制备:增强母粒由基体EVA树脂、极性树脂、增容螯合剂和成核剂按重量份数比为40:50:3:5进行制备,其他条件与实施例4一致,制备得到实施例胶膜A5。
实施例6
增强母粒与实施例胶膜A6的制备:除极性树脂:乙烯-乙烯基醇-醋酸乙烯酯三元共聚物中乙烯基醇含量降为15%,其他条件如实施例5,制备得到对实施例胶膜A6。
对比例1
对比例胶膜B1制备:按重量份数计,称取乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)100份,叔丁基过氧化2-乙基己基碳酸酯0.8份、三烯丙基异三聚氰酸酯0.7份、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷0.3份、四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯0.1份、4-甲氧基-2-羟基二苯甲酮0.2份,混合均匀,将混合料投入挤出机进行混炼塑化,挤出机温度控制在70-90℃。挤出物经压花定型、冷却、牵引、卷取等工序后制得对比例胶膜B1。
对比例2
增强母粒与对比例胶膜B2的制备:增强母粒由EVA树脂、增容螯合剂按重量份数比为90:2进行制备,其他条件与实施例2一致,制备得到实施例胶膜B2。
对比例3
增强母粒与对比例胶膜B3的制备:增强母粒由EVA树脂、成核增透剂按重量份数比为90:4进行制备,其他条件与实施例2一致,制备得到实施例胶膜B2。
对比例4
增强母粒与对比例胶膜B4的制备:增强母粒由EVA树脂、极性树脂按重量份数比为50:40进行制备,其他条件与实施例2一致,制备得到实施例胶膜B4。
对以上实施例样品A1-6和对比例样品B1-4进行综合的性能评估与验证:
(1)拉伸强度和断裂伸长率的测定
准备尺寸均为300mm X 150mm的未固化胶膜,从下到上依次按前板材料、不粘膜、胶膜、不粘膜、背板材料登合后140℃层压15min,固化后的样品内胶膜应无气泡,交联度达到80%以上,且厚度均匀。根据GB/T 1040.3—2006规定的要求,按5型试样进行哑铃型试样制备,每组试样制备5个以上;按照GB/T1040.1的规定对胶膜试样进行拉伸试验,试验速度为100mm/min±10mm/min,计算拉伸强度和断裂伸长率并取平均值。
(2)撕裂强度的测定
层压工艺同(1),按照GB/T 529直角形试样的试验步骤制样,进行试验,夹具的分离速度为100mm/min±10mm/min。计算每片试样的撕裂强度,试验结果取10片试样试验值的算术平均值。
(3)透光率和雾度测定
取一块尺寸为50mm X 50mm的胶膜,按(1)层压工艺制备样品3个,将样品按GB/T2410—2008的分光光度计法进行测试,计算380nm-1100nm光谱范围的太阳光透过率并取平均值。
按(1)层压工艺100mm X 100mm的试样,样品表面擦拭干净,按照GB/T 2410的规定测量雾度。每片试样测量3个点,并取3点的算数平均值作为该试样的雾度值。
(4)DH老化试验
取尺寸为300mm X 150mm的胶膜两块,从下到上依次按玻璃、双层透明胶膜、背板材料叠合后,140℃层压15min制得外观无缺陷的层压件试样。胶膜交联度达到75%以上,每组制备3个层压件试样。将所有试样放入高温高湿老化试验箱中。试验条件:温度85℃±2℃.相对湿度85%±5%,试验1000h。
DH黄变:对试验前后层压试样按ASTM E313-2010进行黄度指数Y1测定,每块试样测不少于3个点,并取平均值。记录老化后黄度指数Y1与老化前黄度指数Y2的差值,即为黄变指数DH1000h-ΔY。
DH-剥离:在宽度方向上每隔5mm将柔性背板/胶膜层切刚成宽度为10mm±0.5mm的试样用于剥离强度的测试。按GB/T 2790-1995的试验方法,以100mm/min±10mm/min的拉伸速度在拉力试验机上测试玻璃与胶膜之间的剥离强度,并将每组测试剥离强度取平均。
(5)水汽透光率
样品制作及层压方式同(3),并按GB/T 26253-2010或者GB/T 21529-2008规定的要求,在温度38℃±0.5℃,湿度90%±2%条件下,测试试样水汽透过率,测试结果为取3个试样的平均值。
(6)PID测试
组件制备:采用常规166双面P型PERC电池,通过电池片串焊、玻璃-胶膜-电池片-胶膜-KPF背板的层叠、层压(140℃层压,抽真空6min,保压10min),依次制备得到实施例组件A1-A6,对比例组件B1-B4。
PID测试:参照标准IEC61215和IEC61370对制得的组件进行功率衰减测试,在85℃、85%湿度,外加-1500V电压,测试192h,对比测试前后实施例和对比例组件的功率变化。
实验测试(1)-(6)具体数据如下表所示:
样品编号 | A1 | A2 | A3 | A4 | A5 | A6 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 |
PID-192h | 1.53% | 1.89% | 1.63% | 1.78% | 2.01% | 1.92% | 3.25% | 2.56% | 3.36% | 3.59% |
通过以上性能测试,我们可以发现:与对比例B1-4相比,添加增强母粒的胶膜力学性能大幅提升,拉伸强度可达23Mpa以上,撕裂强度可达40N以上,远大于对比例胶膜,且其水汽透过率和PID衰减呈现大幅下降,透光率与雾度几乎不受影响,这说充分说明了采用本方案的可行性。
与B1相比,仅添加一定量的增容螯合剂的B2与仅成核剂B3拉伸强度与撕裂强度均有一定提升,但效果并不明显。添加极性树脂的对比例B4,虽然拉伸强度有一定提升,但由于分子内或分子间强作用力的影响,与EVA树脂混合性较差,极易聚集成大尺寸晶区,导致断裂伸长率和撕裂强度下降、雾度增加、透光率下降,进而影响胶膜整体性能。这也印证了本发明内容中所提出的成核增透剂、增容螯合剂与极性树脂之间的协同作用,以及增容螯合剂在增强母粒制备中重要作用。另外,实施例胶膜与对比例胶膜B2较高的玻璃强度维持率,也表明了胶膜所含有的极性基团对提升胶膜粘接所具有的积极作用,且其黄变指数并无明显增加。
以上述依据本发明的理想实施例为启示,通过上述的说明内容,相关工作人员完全可以在不偏离本项发明技术思想的范围内,进行多样的变更以及修改。本项发明的技术性范围并不局限于说明书上的内容,必须要如权利要求范围来确定其技术性范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种轻量化光伏组件用高强度抗PID型封装胶膜,其特征在于:按重量份数计的如下组份:EVA树脂60-90份,增强母粒10-40份,增塑剂1-5份,过氧化物交联剂0.4-1.0份,助交联剂0.4-1.0份,粘接剂0-0.3份,抗氧剂0.1-0.5份,紫外吸收剂0-0.5份;
所述增强母粒为基体EVA树脂、极性树脂、增容螯合剂和成核增透剂混合造粒而成,各组分重量占比为40-60:30-50:0.5-3:1-5;
所述极性树脂包括:乙烯-丙烯酸二元共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸三元共聚物、乙烯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油醚二元共聚物、乙烯-丙烯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油醚三元共聚物、乙烯-丙烯腈二元共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯腈三元共聚物、乙烯-马来酸酐二元共聚物、乙烯-丙烯-马来酸酐三元共聚物、乙烯-乙烯基醇-醋酸乙烯酯三元共聚物或乙烯-乙烯丁醚二元共聚物中的至少一种;
所述增容螯合剂为硅烷偶联剂、不饱和乙基醚螯合剂与苯乙烯单体经自由基聚合而成,单体配比为2:2:1;
所述硅烷偶联剂为乙烯基硅氧烷和含环氧、氨基、羟基、巯基或异氰酸基活性硅氧烷单体按1:1复配而成;
所述不饱和乙基醚螯合剂为聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯或聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯,其中,乙二醇重复单元数n为4-20,粘度不大于300cps;
所述成核增透剂由气相二氧化硅与山梨醇苄叉衍生物按1:1复配而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的轻量化光伏组件用高强度抗PID型封装胶膜,其特征在于:所述极性树脂中的极性单体的含量不低于5%,分子量在8000-50000之间。
3.根据权利要求1所述的轻量化光伏组件用高强度抗PID型封装胶膜,其特征在于:所述极性树脂的熔融指数为0.5-10g/10min,熔点为80-110℃。
4.一种胶膜的制备方法,制备如权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的轻量化光伏组件用高强度抗PID型封装胶膜,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
S1.制备增强母粒:基体EVA树脂、极性树脂、增容螯合剂和成核增透剂,按重量份数比为40-60:30-50:0.5-3:1-5称取并混合后造粒,制得增强母粒;
S2.制备胶膜:将EVA树脂60-90份,增强母粒10-40份,增塑剂1-5份,过氧化物交联剂0.4-1.0份,助交联剂0.4-1.0份,粘接剂0-0.3份,抗氧剂0.1-0.5份,紫外吸收剂0-0.5份,混炼塑化并挤出,挤出物经压花定型、冷却、牵引、卷取工序后,制得胶膜。
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