WO2015060299A1 - プリプレグの製造方法 - Google Patents
プリプレグの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015060299A1 WO2015060299A1 PCT/JP2014/077945 JP2014077945W WO2015060299A1 WO 2015060299 A1 WO2015060299 A1 WO 2015060299A1 JP 2014077945 W JP2014077945 W JP 2014077945W WO 2015060299 A1 WO2015060299 A1 WO 2015060299A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- prepreg
- reinforcing fiber
- sheet
- matrix resin
- resin composition
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/22—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of indefinite length
- B29C43/28—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of indefinite length incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. compression moulding around inserts or for coating articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B15/00—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
- B29B15/08—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
- B29B15/10—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step
- B29B15/12—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length
- B29B15/122—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length with a matrix in liquid form, e.g. as melt, solution or latex
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C33/56—Coatings, e.g. enameled or galvanised; Releasing, lubricating or separating agents
- B29C33/68—Release sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
- C08J5/241—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres
- C08J5/243—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres using carbon fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2263/00—Use of EP, i.e. epoxy resins or derivatives thereof as reinforcement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2007/00—Flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
- B29L2007/008—Wide strips, e.g. films, webs
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2363/00—Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a prepreg used for a fiber-reinforced composite material.
- Fiber reinforced composite materials are lightweight and have excellent mechanical properties. Therefore, it is widely used for structural materials such as aircraft, vehicles, ships, buildings, and sports equipment such as golf shafts, fishing rods, and tennis rackets.
- a method of producing a fiber reinforced composite material using a cross prepreg or a unidirectional prepreg is widely used.
- the cloth prepreg is a prepreg obtained by impregnating a cloth made of reinforced fiber bundles with a matrix resin composition.
- the unidirectional prepreg is a prepreg in which a plurality of fiber bundles are aligned in one direction to form a reinforced fiber sheet, which is impregnated with a matrix resin composition.
- thermosetting resin and a thermoplastic resin are used, and among them, a thermosetting resin is often used.
- a pressure impregnation method including a hot melt method in which a matrix resin composition and a reinforcing fiber sheet are stacked, and these are sandwiched between pressure rolls to be pressurized and heated is generally used.
- the first problem that may occur when producing a prepreg by the pressure impregnation method is that the matrix resin composition protrudes wider than the width of the reinforcing fiber sheet as a result of compression by the pressure roll.
- the protruding matrix resin composition may be excessively adhered to both end portions of the prepreg, leading to deterioration in the handling property of the prepreg and a decrease in strength of the fiber-reinforced composite material.
- a second problem that may occur when producing a prepreg by the pressure impregnation method is that the basis weight (weight per unit area) of the reinforcing fibers at both ends of the prepreg is reduced as a result of compression by the pressure roll. is there. This can occur because the reinforcing fiber sheet is pushed and expanded in the width direction by compression by the pressure roll, and the reinforcing fiber bundle moves greatly outward at both ends of the reinforcing fiber sheet.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a manufacturing method in which a matrix resin composition and an affinity tape material are disposed in contact with both end portions of a reinforcing fiber sheet. According to this manufacturing method, the protruding matrix resin composition is removed along with the tape material having an affinity therewith, and thus is removed from the prepreg itself. However, in the manufacturing method described in Patent Document 1, the protrusion of the matrix resin composition itself is not prevented. Accordingly, there remains a concern that the protrusion of the matrix resin composition affects the stability of the process.
- the prepreg is formed between the pressure roll and the tape material. This causes the second problem described above. Further, if the thickness of the tape material is larger than the thickness of the prepreg, the prepreg cannot be sufficiently pressurized. Therefore, the reinforcing fiber bundle cannot be sufficiently impregnated with the matrix resin composition. Moreover, when using the tape which has affinity with the matrix resin composition described in patent document 1, it is necessary to use a matrix resin composition excessively. Furthermore, since the sheet once adsorbed with the matrix resin composition cannot be used again, there is a problem that the manufacturing cost increases.
- the release sheet is bent by protruding from the outside of the release sheet, and the matrix resin composition is prevented from flowing out of the release sheet.
- This method can prevent the matrix resin composition from overflowing from the release sheet.
- it does not suppress the matrix resin composition from flowing out of the prepreg, and the effect is not sufficient as a solution to the first problem.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances. That is, the present invention prevents the protrusion of the matrix resin composition and the spread of the reinforcing fiber sheet in the width direction in the process of pressurizing the reinforcing fiber sheet and the matrix resin composition to impregnate the reinforcing fiber sheet with the matrix resin composition.
- the resin composition excessively adhering to both side edges of the prepreg deteriorates the handling property of the prepreg, the strength of the fiber reinforced composite material decreases, and the weight of the reinforcing fibers on both side edges of the prepreg increases due to the widening of the reinforcing fiber sheet.
- a method for producing a prepreg which can easily avoid a decrease.
- a method for producing a prepreg provides a reinforcing fiber sheet including a plurality of reinforcing fiber bundles, a matrix resin composition, first and second release sheets, and a pair of elastic bodies.
- the matrix resin composition is applied to the reinforcing fiber sheet to form a prepreg precursor, and the first surface of the first and second release sheets is in contact with the prepreg precursor and the first
- the prepreg is interposed between the first release sheet and the second release sheet so that the second release sheet has extending portions extending from both ends of the prepreg precursor in the width direction.
- the elastic body may be continuous in the longitudinal direction of the prepreg precursor.
- the elastic body may be annular.
- the tension of the elastic body may be controlled.
- the elastic body may be a foam.
- the elastic body may be lubricated.
- the second release sheet may be a thermoplastic resin film.
- the reinforcing fiber sheet may be made of a bundle of reinforcing fibers.
- the reinforcing fiber sheet may be composed of short reinforcing fiber bundles that are randomly deposited two-dimensionally.
- the reinforcing fiber sheet is composed of a first reinforcing fiber sheet and a second reinforcing fiber sheet, and the manufacturing method of the prepreg applies a matrix resin composition to one surface of the first reinforcing fiber sheet,
- the method may further include a step of forming the prepreg precursor by stacking a second reinforcing fiber sheet on the one surface of the reinforcing fiber sheet.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along a line II in FIG. 1, for explaining a main part of the prepreg manufacturing method according to the first embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the manufacturing method of the prepreg which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line JJ in FIG. 3 for explaining a main part of a method for producing a prepreg according to a second embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the width
- a reinforcing fiber sheet 1 is a sheet in which a plurality of reinforcing fiber bundles are aligned in one direction.
- a method of aligning a plurality of reinforcing fiber bundles in one direction for example, a necessary number of reinforcing fiber bundles wound around a bobbin are prepared, and each reinforcing fiber bundle is pulled out and aligned in parallel to form a sheet. There is a method to make.
- the matrix resin composition discharged from the die coater 6 is applied on one surface of the first reinforcing fiber sheet 1 to be transferred.
- the second reinforcing fiber sheet 1 ′ supplied via the guide roller 7 is overlaid on the matrix resin composition applied to the first reinforcing fiber sheet 1 to form the prepreg precursor (A).
- the prepreg precursor (A) has a matrix resin composition and first and second reinforcing fiber sheets 1 and 1 ′ sandwiching the matrix resin composition.
- a prepreg precursor between the first release sheet 2 and the second release sheet 2 ′ sent out from the unwinding roll 15 ( A) is sandwiched.
- the first and second release sheets 2, 2 ′ have a first surface that comes into contact with the prepreg precursor (A) and a second surface that is the surface opposite to the first surface. That is, the first release sheet 2 so that the first surface 2a of the first release sheet 2 and the first surface 2a ′ of the second release sheet 2 ′ face the prepreg precursor (A).
- the second release sheet 2 ' is overlaid on the prepreg precursor (A).
- the dimension of the width direction (direction perpendicular to the transfer direction) of the first and second release sheets 2 and 2 ′ is larger than the dimension of the prepreg precursor (A) in the width direction. long.
- the first and second release sheets 2 and 2 ′ are extended from the both ends in the width direction of the prepreg precursor (A) in a state where the first and second release sheets 2 and 2 ′ are overlapped with the prepreg precursor (A). 'have.
- the prepreg precursor (A) sandwiched between the first and second release sheets 2 and 2 ′ is sent between a pair of sandwiching guide rolls 8.
- the pair of sandwiching guide rolls 8 are arranged with a certain gap.
- the first and second release sheets 2 and 2 ′ and the prepreg precursor (A) that are overlaid are pressed when passing through the gap.
- the prepreg precursor (A) is heated by the heating plate 9.
- the heating temperature is about 80 to 120 ° C.
- the prepreg precursor (A) is pressed in the thickness direction of the prepreg precursor (A) by the pair of pressure rolls 10 via the first and second release sheets 2, 2 ′.
- a plurality of pressure rolls 10 are arranged in the transfer direction.
- the matrix resin composition in the prepreg precursor (A) is impregnated stepwise into the reinforcing fiber sheets 1 and 1 ′ by pressurization of a plurality of pressure rolls 10 provided in the transport direction.
- the prepreg precursor (A) is pressurized by passing between the pressure roll 10A and the pressure roll 10B arranged on the rear side (rear stage) in the transfer direction.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II in FIG.
- the pressure roll 10B is provided with a pair of elastic bodies 5 continuous in the longitudinal direction of the prepreg precursor (A).
- the elastic bodies 5 are arranged in parallel to the outer sides (positions facing the extending portions 2A, 2A ′) than the positions where the prepreg precursor (A) of the second release sheet 2 ′ is arranged.
- the pressure rolls 10A and 10B simultaneously press the elastic body 5, the prepreg precursor (A), and the release sheets 2 and 2 ′ in the thickness direction of the prepreg precursor (A).
- the matrix resin composition in the prepreg precursor (A) is pressurized by the pressure of the pressure rolls 10A and 10B, and the elastic body 5 is the second release sheet 2 ′.
- the two surfaces 2b ′ are brought into contact with each other, and the extending portions 2A and 2A ′ of the first and second release sheets 2 and 2 ′ are pressed against each other.
- both ends in the width direction of the prepreg precursor (A) can be sealed to prevent the reinforcing fibers constituting the prepreg precursor (A) from flowing out in the width direction and spreading together with the matrix resin composition. Furthermore, it can suppress that the reinforcement fiber fabric weight of a prepreg falls toward the both ends of the width direction.
- the elastic body 5 is hung around the pressure roll 10B and the elastic body guide roll 17 so as to circulate in a loop. Further, the elastic body tension adjusting roll 16 is in contact with the elastic body 5 from the outside of the loop of the elastic body. The tension of the elastic body 5 can be adjusted by adjusting the pressing amount of the elastic body tension adjusting roll 16 against the elastic body 5.
- the prepreg 3 that is the prepreg precursor (A) that has been pressurized is cooled by the cooling plate 11. Further, the upper first release sheet 2 is peeled off from the prepreg 3 through the take-up roll 12 and the peeling guide roll 13 and is taken up by the winding device 14 together with the second release sheet 2 ′. The first release sheet 2 is collected by the release sheet winding device 18.
- the matrix resin composition is directly applied to the reinforcing fiber sheet 1 by the die coater 6 in order to apply the matrix resin composition to the reinforcing fiber sheets 1, 1 ′.
- the present invention is not limited to the method shown in FIG. 1, and other methods can be used.
- the matrix resin composition may be applied to the reinforcing fiber sheet 1 using a touch roll method, a dip method, a dispenser method, or the like.
- the second reinforcing fiber sheet 1 ′ is superimposed on one surface of the first reinforcing fiber sheet 1 coated with the matrix resin composition, and the matrix resin composition is sandwiched between the reinforcing fiber sheets 1.
- the prepreg precursor (A) is sandwiched between two release sheets.
- a reinforcing fiber sheet coated with a matrix resin composition on one side may be sandwiched between two release sheets without using the second reinforcing fiber sheet.
- the matrix resin composition may be applied to both surfaces of the reinforcing fiber sheet, and the first reinforcing fiber sheet 1 may be sandwiched between two release sheets without using the second reinforcing fiber sheet.
- a matrix resin composition is apply
- the first reinforcing fiber sheet 1 may be sandwiched between the matrix resin compositions applied to 2, 2 ′.
- the reinforcing fiber used in the reinforcing fiber sheet various inorganic fibers or organic fibers can be used.
- the reinforcing fiber include carbon fiber, graphite fiber, aramid fiber, nylon fiber, high-strength polyester fiber, glass fiber, boron fiber, alumina fiber, and silicon nitride fiber.
- carbon fibers and graphite fibers are suitable as reinforcing fibers. This is because carbon fibers and graphite fibers have flame retardancy, high specific strength, and high specific modulus.
- various fiber materials can be used depending on applications. In particular, carbon fibers having a tensile elongation of 1.5% or more are preferable.
- Carbon fibers having a tensile strength of 4.4 GPa or more and a tensile elongation of 1.7% or more are more preferable, and carbon fibers having a tensile elongation of 1.9% or more are more preferable.
- the fiber basis weight of the reinforcing fiber sheet is adjusted according to the requirements of the fiber reinforced composite material. For example, it is preferable that the total basis weight of the reinforcing fiber sheets sandwiched between the first and second release sheets 2 and 2 ′ is 150 g / m 2 or more, since the effect of the present invention is remarkably obtained, and is preferably 300 g / m. even more preferably 2 or more.
- thermosetting resins such as epoxy resins, vinyl ester resins, unsaturated polyester resins, phenol resins, and maleimide resins.
- carbon fiber it is preferable to use an epoxy resin or a vinyl ester resin because adhesion with the carbon fiber is excellent.
- the epoxy resin examples include a glycidyl ether type epoxy resin, a glycidyl amine type epoxy resin, a glycidyl ester type epoxy resin, and an alicyclic epoxy resin.
- a matrix resin composition is prepared by mixing the above-described resin with a curing agent, a curing aid, other additives, and the like. The adhesion amount of the matrix resin composition is adjusted according to the requirements of the fiber reinforced composite material. For example, it is 20 to 50% by mass with respect to the mass of the prepreg.
- first and second release sheets 2 and 2 ′ include release papers such as wood paper and soft or hard polymers coated with a release agent such as silicone resin as necessary.
- release papers such as wood paper and soft or hard polymers coated with a release agent such as silicone resin as necessary.
- Examples include a pattern paper or a release film.
- woody paper include kraft paper and glassine paper.
- soft polymer include polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polylactic acid, polyamide and the like having heat resistance equal to or higher than the process temperature.
- the hard polymer include polyethylene terephthalate.
- the release sheet 2 ′ along the elastic body 5 has a thickness of 110 ⁇ m or less in a film using wood paper and a soft polymer. Therefore, the thickness is preferably 80 ⁇ m or less. If it is a film using a hard polymer, the thickness of 75 micrometers or less is preferable, More preferably, it is 25 micrometers or less. On the other hand, if it is a film using a release paper and a soft polymer, it is preferable that it is 50 micrometers or more. If it is a film using a hard polymer, it is preferable that it is 15 micrometers or more. If the said release paper and film satisfy
- each of the first and second release sheets 2 and 2 ′ is used as another system for forming the prepreg precursor (A) sandwiched between the first and second release sheets 2 and 2 ′.
- a matrix resin composition is applied to the first surface, and sandwiched so that the first surfaces of the first and second release sheets are in contact with the reinforcing fiber sheet 1 from both sides of the reinforcing fiber sheet 1, and the prepreg precursor (A ).
- the matrix resin composition is applied to the first surface of one release sheet, and is superposed on the reinforcing fiber sheet 1 so that the first surface of the release sheet is in contact with one surface of the reinforcing fiber sheet 1.
- a release sheet not coated with a matrix resin composition is stacked on the other surface of the reinforcing fiber sheet 1 and the reinforcing fiber sheet 1 is sandwiched between the release sheets.
- Pressurization of the prepreg precursor (A) can be performed by a known means typified by a pressure roll 10.
- a known means typified by a pressure roll 10.
- pressurization can be performed in a desired temperature environment. Therefore, the impregnation conditions for the reinforcing fiber sheet 1 of the matrix resin composition can be controlled more precisely.
- a known apparatus can be used as such a pressurizing apparatus. For example, there are a pressure roll capable of introducing a heat medium such as warm water therein, a pressure roll provided with an induction heater on the surface, and the like.
- the pressurization method is not limited thereto, and various pressurization methods can be used according to the configuration of the prepreg as long as an elastic body can be provided.
- the diameter of the pressure roll is preferably 300 mm or more, more preferably 400 mm or more, and if it is 500 mm or more, a high pressure can be applied, which is more preferable.
- the pressing force of the pressure roll required for pressing varies depending on the width and basis weight of the prepreg 3, the matrix resin content, the viscosity of the matrix resin composition, the elastic modulus of the elastic body 5, the thickness and the width. Therefore, it is determined through arithmetic calculations based on these and trial experiments.
- a method is adopted in which a predetermined clearance is set in advance between a pair of opposing pressure rolls, and the pressure roll is pressed against the clearance setting mechanism (not shown) with a sufficient load. Is good.
- the clearance of the pressure roll is the thickness considering the fiber weight / fiber density of the prepreg to be manufactured, the thickness considering the resin weight / resin density of the prepreg, and the thickness of each of the first and second release sheets. The lower limit is gradually reduced from the preceding pressure roll to the subsequent pressure roll.
- the elastic body 5 presses the extended portions 2A and 2A ′ of the first and second release sheets 2 and 2 ′ to each other, and the width direction of the prepreg precursor (A)
- the reinforcing fibers constituting the prepreg precursor (A) are prevented from flowing out and spreading in the width direction together with the matrix resin composition, and the prepreg reinforcing fiber basis weight decreases toward both ends in the width direction. Can be suppressed.
- the matrix resin composition is relatively rearward (pressurized) with respect to the traveling direction of the reinforcing fiber sheet 1 by the pressure between the pressure rolls 10A and 10B. It flows in the direction of retreating from the entry side of the rolls 10A and 10B, the upstream side).
- the elastic body 5 needs to have a thickness 1 to 10 times that of the finally obtained prepreg sheet before being pressed, and it is necessary to have a thickness equivalent to that of the prepreg sheet by pressing. Further, the elastic body 5 needs to have a resistance to deformation to such an extent that the first and second release sheets 2, 2 ′ are kept in contact with each other against the pressure of the matrix resin.
- a material having a breaking elongation of 100% or more and a Young's modulus of 0.01 to 40 MPa as the elastic body 5
- a material having a breaking elongation of 200% or more and a Young's modulus of 0.1 to 5 MPa It is particularly preferable to use it.
- an elastic elastomer and its foam are preferably used as an example of the material of the elastic body 5.
- the elastomer include natural rubber, synthetic rubber such as butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, and acrylic rubber, urethane resin, olefin elastomer such as EPM and EPDM, and silicone rubber.
- An elastomer foam is preferable because it allows an increase in the allowable compression ratio. Both open cell foams and closed cell foams can be preferably used. Furthermore, a foam using silicone rubber is excellent in heat resistance and has a small compression set at high temperatures. Therefore, the elastic body is preferable because it can be used over and over again.
- the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the extending direction of the elastic body is not limited as long as it prevents the reinforcing fibers from flowing out and spreading in the width direction together with the resin, and a circular shape, an oval shape, a square shape, a rectangular shape, or the like can be applied.
- the elastic body 5 is stretched upstream by being sandwiched between the pressure roll 10B and the second release sheet 2 ′, the second release sheet 2 ′ and the pressure roll 10B. It is preferable to slide between.
- the second surface 2b ′ of the second release sheet 2 ′ and the surface of the pressure roll 10B are preliminarily lubricated or coated with a silicone oil or a fluororesin or the like, It is generally applied between the elastic body 5 and the second release sheet 2 ′ and the pressure roll 10B by coating silicon oil or fluororesin, applying a solid lubricant such as talc to the elastic body 5. It is preferable to supply the lubricating oil to be used.
- the predetermined intervals provided at the ends of the elastic body 5 and the prepreg precursor (A) are the width of the prepreg 3, the width and basis weight of the reinforcing fiber sheet 1, the basis weight of the matrix resin composition, the thickness of the pressure space, the pressure pressure, It varies depending on the elastic modulus of the elastic body 5 and the shape of the elastic body 5. Accordingly, through arithmetic calculations and trial experiments based on these, the distance between the elastic body 5 and the end portion of the prepreg precursor (A) can be determined.
- the supply method of the elastic body 5 is not particularly limited. In FIG. 1, the circular elastic body 5 is circulated and supplied only to the last-stage pressure roll 10B of the pressure roll group.
- annular elastic body 5 is provided on the pressure roll 10A, and the elastic body is brought into contact with the second surface 2b of the first release sheet 2 so that the first and second release sheets 2 and 2 ′ are connected to each other. They may be pressed against each other. Further, the annular elastic body 5 is individually wound around both the pressure rolls 10A and 10B, and the first and second release sheets 2 and 2 ′ are pushed together from both sides of the prepreg precursor (A). You may guess. Further, the annular elastic body 5 may be individually circulated around each of the plurality of pressure rolls 10, or may be circulated around all the pressure rolls at once.
- the elastic body 5 can be made into a long thing, and the supply apparatus and winding apparatus of the elastic body 5 can also be arrange
- the elastic body 5 is looped around the pressure roll 10 ⁇ / b> B and the elastic body guide roll 17, but the present invention is not limited to this. It may be provided so as to circulate only on the outer periphery of the pressure roll 10B, or may be provided so as to circulate around a plurality of elastic body guide rolls 17.
- a plurality of pressure rolls 10 are used to impregnate the matrix resin composition into the reinforcing fiber sheets 1, 1 ′ in stages.
- the number of pressure rolls is not limited as long as a pressure roll including the elastic body 5 is included.
- the prepreg precursor (A) is pressurized by passing between the pressure rolls arrange
- the prepreg precursor (A) may be pressurized by passing between one pressure roll and a plate.
- FIGS. A method for producing a prepreg according to the second embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS.
- a method of manufacturing a prepreg that is a sheet molding compound (SMC) using a sheet composed of short reinforcing fiber bundles that are randomly deposited two-dimensionally as the reinforcing fiber sheet 21 will be described.
- the matrix resin composition is applied onto the first release sheet 22 by the doctor blade method by the application device 26. Subsequently, the reinforcing fiber bundle supplied from the bobbin 40 and cut to a predetermined length of, for example, 10 to 50 mm by the cutter 41 is uniformly dispersed and deposited on the matrix resin composition, whereby the first release The reinforcing fiber sheet 21 is formed on the matrix resin composition applied on the sheet 22. Further, the matrix resin composition is applied onto the second release sheet 22 ′ by the doctor blade method by the coating device 26 ′.
- the upper reinforcing fiber sheets 21 are stacked so as to be in contact with each other. As a result, the reinforcing fiber sheet 21 is sandwiched between the matrix resin compositions applied to the first and second release sheets 22 and 22 ′, and the matrix resin composition is impregnated in the reinforcing fiber sheet 21.
- a prepreg precursor (B) composed of a mixture of the composition and the reinforcing fiber sheet 21 is formed.
- the prepreg precursor (B) has a reinforcing fiber sheet 21 and a matrix resin composition that sandwiches the reinforcing fiber sheet 21.
- the first release sheet 22 and the second release sheet 22 ′ are the first surface in contact with the prepreg precursor (B) and the surface opposite to the surface in contact with the prepreg precursor (B). And a second surface.
- the dimensions in the width direction (direction perpendicular to the transfer direction) of the first and second release sheets 22 and 22 ′ are the same as those in the width direction of the prepreg precursor (B). Longer than the dimension.
- the first and second release sheets 22 and 22 ′ have extension portions 22A and 22A ′ extending from the prepreg precursor (B) to both ends in the width direction. Overlaid.
- the prepreg precursor (B) is passed between the second mesh belt conveyor 43 and the third mesh belt conveyor 44 that are arranged in parallel in the longitudinal direction with a predetermined gap. Further, in the gap between the second mesh belt conveyor 43 and the third mesh belt conveyor 44, the compaction roller 38 ′ is appropriately lowered to press and compress the prepreg precursor (B) and the matrix in the reinforcing fiber sheet 21. Impregnation with resin composition. In addition, the pressurization by the mesh belt conveyors 43 and 44 is performed with a sufficiently small force as compared with the pressurization of the pressurization rolls 10, 10A, and 10B of the first embodiment.
- the viscosity of the matrix resin composition contained in the prepreg precursor (B) of SMC is higher than the viscosity of the matrix resin composition contained in the prepreg precursor (A) in which a plurality of reinforcing fiber bundles are aligned in one direction. Because it is extremely low, the pressure applied by the method of sandwiching between the opposing pressure rolls is too strong, and the prepreg precursor (B) may flow excessively, making it difficult to maintain the sheet shape. is there. In the prepreg precursor (B) including a bundle of reinforcing fibers cut to a predetermined length in order to realize pressurization with a sufficiently small force, upper and lower compaction rollers 38 ′ and 38 are alternately arranged. The pressure by the mesh belt conveyor is preferable.
- the applied pressure is generated by the tension and the radius of curvature of the mesh belt that passes away from the compaction rollers 38 ′ and 38.
- the pressurization method is not limited thereto, and various pressurization methods can be used according to the configuration of the prepreg as long as an elastic body can be provided.
- the second mesh belt conveyor 43 is provided with a pair of elastic bodies 25 that are continuous in the longitudinal direction of the prepreg precursor (B).
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line JJ in FIG.
- the elastic bodies 25 are respectively outside the positions where the prepreg precursor (B) of the second release sheet 22 ′ is disposed (positions facing the extending portions 22 ⁇ / b> A and 22 ⁇ / b> A ′). Arranged in parallel.
- the second and third mesh belt conveyors 43 and 44 are the thicknesses of the elastic body 25, the prepreg precursor (B), and the first and second release sheets 22 and 22 'simultaneously with the thickness of the prepreg precursor (B). Pressurize in the direction. As shown in FIG. 4, the pressurization pressurizes the matrix resin composition in the prepreg precursor (B), and the elastic body 25 contacts the second surface 22b ′ of the second release sheet 22 ′. Then, the extending portions 22A and 22A ′ of the first and second release sheets 22 and 22 ′ are pressed against each other.
- the both ends of the prepreg precursor (B) in the width direction can be sealed to prevent the reinforcing fibers constituting the prepreg precursor (B) from flowing out in the width direction and spreading together with the matrix resin composition. Furthermore, it can suppress that the reinforcement fiber fabric weight of a prepreg falls toward the both ends of the width direction.
- the elastic body 25 is hung around the second mesh belt conveyor 43 and the elastic body guide roll 37 so as to circulate in a loop.
- the prepreg precursor (B) that has passed between the second mesh belt conveyor 43 and the third mesh belt conveyor 44 is recovered by a recovery device (not shown). And in order to raise the viscosity of the matrix resin composition in a prepreg precursor (B), a prepreg (SMC) is obtained by leaving a prepreg precursor (B) for a fixed time at predetermined temperature.
- a low-viscosity liquid resin is suitable as long as there is no problem in handling.
- the material of such a matrix resin composition include thermosetting resins such as vinyl ester resins, unsaturated polyester resins, epoxy resins, phenol resins, and maleimide resins.
- thermosetting resins such as vinyl ester resins, unsaturated polyester resins, epoxy resins, phenol resins, and maleimide resins.
- carbon fiber is used as the reinforcing fiber, it is preferable to use a vinyl ester resin or an epoxy resin since adhesion with the carbon fiber is excellent.
- a matrix resin composition is prepared by mixing the above-described resin with a curing agent, a curing aid, other additives, and the like. The adhesion amount of the matrix resin composition is adjusted according to the requirements of the fiber reinforced composite material. For example, it is 30 to 70% by mass with respect to the mass of the prepreg.
- the material of the elastic body 25 a material having a breaking elongation of 100% or more and a Young's modulus of 0.01 to 40 MPa is preferably used, and a breaking elongation of 200% or more and a Young's modulus of 0.1 to 5 MPa is used. It is particularly preferable to use materials.
- an elastic elastomer and its foam are preferably used. Examples of the elastomer include natural rubber, synthetic rubber such as butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, and acrylic rubber, urethane resin, olefin elastomer such as EPM and EPDM, and silicone rubber.
- the elastic body 5 may be the above elastomer foam or tube.
- An elastomer foam is preferable because it allows an increase in the allowable compression ratio. Both open cell foams and closed cell foams can be preferably used.
- the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the extending direction of the elastic body is not limited as long as it prevents the reinforcing fibers from flowing out in the width direction together with the resin and spreads, and circular, elliptical, square, rectangular, etc. can be applied, Both solid and hollow can be applied.
- an elastic body having a hollow cross-sectional shape it is preferable to use an elastic body having an apparent compressive modulus of 0.01 to 40 MPa based on the maximum width of the cross-sectional shape under no load. It is particularly preferable to use an elastic body of 1 to 5 MPa.
- the apparent compressive elastic modulus of the elastic body having a hollow cross-sectional shape can be made a preferable range by adjusting the pressure of fluid such as compressed air sealed in the hollow portion of the elastic body.
- the elastic body 25 is stretched upstream by being sandwiched between the second mesh belt conveyor 43 and the second release sheet 22 ', the second release sheet 22' and the second release sheet 22 ' It is preferable to slide between the second mesh belt conveyor 43.
- the same processing as that described in the first embodiment can be used.
- the reinforcing fiber sheet 21 As the reinforcing fiber sheet 21, the first and second release sheets 22, 22 ′, the materials mentioned in the reinforcing fiber sheet 1, the first and second release sheets 2, 2 ′ of the first embodiment as appropriate, Similar materials can be used.
- the matrix resin composition is applied to the first and second release sheets 22 and 22 'by the doctor blade method, and the reinforcing fiber sheet 21 is sandwiched therebetween.
- the present invention is not limited to the coating method shown in FIG. 3.
- the matrix resin composition may be applied to the first and second release sheets 22 and 22 ′ with a die coater.
- the prepreg precursor may be formed by sandwiching the matrix resin composition between the reinforcing fiber sheets 21 as in the first embodiment. In that case, for example, a reinforcing fiber bundle cut to a predetermined length is sprayed and deposited on a release sheet, a matrix resin composition is laminated thereon, and a reinforcing fiber bundle shortly carved thereon is further formed. There is a method of spreading and depositing, and finally stacking release sheets.
- the elastic body 25 is provided in the 2nd mesh belt conveyor 43, it is not limited. Even if an annular elastic body 25 is provided on the third mesh belt conveyor 44 and the second surface 22b of the first release sheet 22 and the elastic body are brought into contact with each other, the release sheets 22, 22 'are pressed against each other. Good.
- the annular elastic body 25 is individually circulated around both the second and third mesh belt conveyors 43 and 44, and the release sheets 22 and 22 'are pressed against each other from both sides of the prepreg precursor (B). May be.
- the elastic body 25 is looped around the second mesh belt conveyor 43 and the elastic body guide roll 37 so as to circulate in a loop shape, but is not limited thereto. You may provide so that it may circulate only on the outer periphery of the 2nd mesh belt conveyor 43.
- an elastic body tension adjusting mechanism for adjusting the tension of the elastic body 25 may be provided.
- the elastic body 25 can be made into a long thing, and the supply apparatus and winding device of the elastic body 25 can also be arrange
- Carbon fiber bundle Carbon fiber manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.
- Product name “TRH50-60M” number of filaments: 60000, tensile strength: 4.9 GPa, tensile elongation: 2.0%, tensile elastic modulus 250 GPa, basis weight: 3. 2g / m
- Epoxy resin A bisphenol A type epoxy resin manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation “jER828” (jER is a registered trademark)
- Epoxy resin B Product name “AER4152” (AER is a registered trademark) manufactured by Asahi Kasei E-Materials Co., Ltd.
- Curing agent Dicyandiamide manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Ltd.
- Curing aid Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd. 3- (3,4-dichlorophenyl) -1,1-dimethylurea
- Product name “DCMU99” ⁇ Preparation of matrix resin> 8.3 parts by mass of the epoxy resin A, 1 part by mass of the curing agent, and 4.1 parts by mass of the curing aid are collected, and stirred and mixed. The resulting mixture is further finely mixed with a three-roll mill to prepare a curing agent master batch. Separately, 75.7 parts by mass of epoxy resin A and 16 parts by mass of epoxy resin B are collected in a glass flask and heated to 130 ° C. and mixed using an oil bath.
- Example 1 Two elastic bodies 5 obtained by processing a silicone sponge rubber having a porosity of 50% and an Asker C hardness of 35 degrees into a natural thickness of 2 mm and a natural width of 20 mm and being obtained as a ring with a circumference of 1800 mm in a tension-free state are prepared. Using. Each elastic oil coated with silicone oil (product name “Silicone Lub Spray” manufactured by Kure Kogyo Co., Ltd.) and surface-lubricated was used. 1 and 2, the reinforcing fiber bundle is pulled out from the creel at a line speed of 5 m / min, and the uniform reinforcing fiber sheets 1 and 1 'having a width of 150 mm are drawn to 400 g / m 2 each. I got it.
- silicone oil product name “Silicone Lub Spray” manufactured by Kure Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- the matrix resin prepared as described above was uniformly applied to one side of the reinforcing fiber sheet 1 at 392 g / m 2, and the reinforcing fiber sheet 1 ′ was overlaid on the surface coated with the matrix resin composition. Thereafter, the first and second release sheets 2 having a thickness of 25 ⁇ m are formed on both outer surfaces of the reinforcing fiber sheets 1 and 1 ′ (the prepreg precursor (A) in this example) with the matrix resin composition sandwiched therebetween. 2 '(Mitsubishi Plastic Co., Ltd. polyethylene terephthalate film product name "MRF-25”) is applied to the prepreg precursor (pass through the pinch guide roll 8 with the clearance between the rolls set to 0.8 mm.
- MRF-25 Mitsubishi Plastic Co., Ltd. polyethylene terephthalate film product name
- the prepreg precursor (A) was sandwiched between the first and second release sheets 2, 2 ′. Thereafter, the prepreg precursor (A) was heated by the heating plate 9. Then, the first stage of clearance between the rolls of the two-stage pressure roll 10 heated to 130 ° C. having a diameter of 500 mm was set to 0.680 mm and the second stage was set to 0.625 mm, and the gap between them was passed. . Thereby, the prepreg precursor (A)) was pressurized while being sandwiched between the first and second release sheets 2 and 2 ′.
- the elastic body 5 is separated from the second surface of the second release sheet 2 outwardly by 5 mm from both end positions of 179 mm, which is the target width of the prepreg.
- the inner edges of the elastic body 5 were continuously fed together.
- the elastic body 5 brought the first and second release sheets 2 and 2 ′ into close contact with each other, and the outflow of resin from the contact portions of the first and second release sheets 2 and 2 ′ There was no.
- the obtained prepreg 3 is cooled by the cooling plate 11, the first release sheet 2 is peeled off through the take-off roll 12, the peeling guide roll 13, and the winding device 14 together with the second release sheet 2 ′. Winded up.
- the prepreg is divided into strips of 20 mm in the width direction (each 29 mm at the end) and 200 mm in the length direction, and the matrix resin is removed from each strip with a sufficient amount of acetone to determine the mass after drying of the reinforcing fibers. It was measured. From these values, the fiber basis weight and variation coefficient of each strip (hereinafter referred to as the strip fiber basis variation coefficient) were calculated. As a result, a prepreg having a uniform basis weight of 2.5% was observed.
- Comparative Example 1 As Comparative Example 1, a prepreg was produced under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the elastic body 5 was not used, and a unidirectional prepreg having a width of 195 mm was obtained. In this unidirectional prepreg, the resin protruded continuously at the side end, and when the unidirectional prepreg is peeled from the second release sheet 2 ′, the matrix resin protrudes from both ends of the prepreg. Care was required in handling the prepreg. Further, when the strip fiber weight variation coefficient was determined in the same manner as in Example 1 (at the end, the width was divided into 26 mm and 29 mm), it was 4.7%. The above results are summarized in Table 1.
- Example 1 using the manufacturing method of the first embodiment, a unidirectional prepreg having a uniform fiber basis weight with no protruding resin can be manufactured.
- Curing agent 1,1-bis (t-butylperoxy) cyclohexane liquid paraffin diluent (concentration: 70%): “Perhexa C” manufactured by NOF Corporation (Perhexa is a registered trademark) Internal mold release agent: Zinc stearate: Nippon Oil & Fats Co., Ltd. Thickener: Modified diphenylmethane diisocyanate: Dow Chemical Japan Co., Ltd. “ISONATE 143LP” (ISONATE is a registered trademark) Stabilizer: 1,4-benzoquinone: Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- Example 2 Two elastic bodies 25 that are obtained by processing a chloroprene (registered trademark neoprene) sponge rubber having a porosity of 80% and an Asuka-C hardness of 25 degrees into a natural thickness of 5 mm and a natural width of 15 mm are prepared and used. It was.
- the coating width of the matrix resin was set to 620 mm in consideration of the reduction at the end in the width direction so that the width of the prepreg finally satisfying the specifications was 600 mm or more using the manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG. .
- the matrix resin composition prepared as described above is uniformly applied to the first surface of the first release sheet 22 (polyethylene film: poly sheet 50 ⁇ m manufactured by Tokuza Co., Ltd.) by a doctor blade method so as to be 740 g / m 2. It was applied to. Next, the reinforcing fibers cut to 25 mm by the cutter 41 were uniformly spread and deposited on the surface (first surface) of the first release sheet 22 coated with the matrix resin. Furthermore, the matrix resin composition described above was uniformly applied to the first surface of the second release sheet 22 ′ (Polysheet 50 ⁇ m manufactured by Tokuza Co., Ltd.) by a doctor blade method so as to be 740 g / m 2 .
- a prepreg precursor (B) was obtained. Then, the prepreg precursor (B) was passed between the second mesh belt conveyor 43 and the third mesh belt conveyor 44 arranged in parallel to the longitudinal direction. As a result, the prepreg precursor (B) was further compressed and the reinforcing fiber sheet 21 was impregnated with the matrix resin composition.
- the elastic body 25 is aligned with the inner edge of the elastic body 25 at a position away from the second surface 22b ′ of the second release sheet 22 ′ by 5 mm from both end positions of the resin coating width of 620 mm.
- the target width of the prepreg was set by supplying continuously. Thereafter, the prepreg precursor (B) is recovered by a recovery device, and the prepreg precursor (B) is allowed to stand for a certain period of time in order to increase the viscosity of the matrix resin composition in the prepreg precursor (B) to obtain a prepreg (SMC). It was.
- the width of the obtained SMC is shown in FIG.
- each basis weight measured by dividing the center of the obtained SMC into a strip of 50 mm width is shown in FIG. 6A.
- Comparative Example 2 As Comparative Example 2, the width of the SMC obtained under the same conditions as in Example 2 without using the elastic body 25 is shown in FIG. Moreover, each basis weight measured by dividing the center 600 mm of the obtained SMC into 50 mm strips is shown in FIG. 6B.
- Example 2 when the coating width is 620 mm, when viewed at a product width of 600 mm, there is a significant decrease in the basis weight at the end (a strip with a width of 50 mm centered at a distance of 25 mm from the L end). occured.
- Example 2 shown in FIG. 6A when the coating width is 620 mm, the target weight is within a range of ⁇ 20% in all the parts of the product width of 600 mm, and the weight per unit area is not lowered.
- the coefficient of variation is 10.3%, whereas in the basis weight of Example 2, the coefficient of variation is 5.1%, so that Example 2 produces a more uniform product. is made of. Therefore, Example 2 can be mass-produced with improved product yields as compared to Comparative Example 2.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2013年10月22日に、日本に出願された特願2013-219394号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
繊維強化複合材料の製造には、クロスプリプレグや、一方向プリプレグを用いて繊維強化複合材料を製造する方法が広く用いられている。クロスプリプレグは、強化繊維束を織物にしたクロスにマトリックス樹脂組成物が含浸したプリプレグである。一方向プリプレグは、複数の繊維束を一方向に引き揃えて強化繊維シートとし、これにマトリックス樹脂組成物が含浸したプリプレグである。マトリックス樹脂組成物は、熱硬化性樹脂および熱可塑性樹脂が用いられ、その中でも熱硬化性樹脂を用いる場合が多い。
プリプレグの製造には、マトリックス樹脂組成物と強化繊維シートとを重ね、これらを加圧ロールで挟んで加圧、加熱するホットメルト法を含む加圧含浸法が用いられるのが一般的である。
加圧含浸法によりプリプレグを製造する際に発生し得る第二の問題は、加圧ロールによる圧縮の結果、プリプレグの両側端部の強化繊維の目付(単位面積当たりの重量)が低くなることである。これは、加圧ロールによる圧縮により強化繊維シートが幅方向に押し広げられ、強化繊維シートの両側端部において、強化繊維束が外側に向かって大きく移動するために生じ得る。
しかしながら特許文献1に記載されている製造方法では、マトリックス樹脂組成物のはみ出し自体は防止されない。従って、マトリックス樹脂組成物のはみ出しが工程の安定性に影響を与える懸念が残存する。
加えて、特許文献1に記載されている製造方法では、強化繊維シートの両側端部に接触配置するテープ材の厚みがプリプレグの厚み以下であれば、プリプレグが加圧ロールと該テープ材との間から流れ出て上記の第二の問題を生じる。また、このテープ材の厚みがプリプレグの厚みよりも厚ければプリプレグを十分加圧できない。したがって、マトリックス樹脂組成物を強化繊維束に十分に含浸をさせることができない。また、特許文献1に記載されているマトリックス樹脂組成物に親和性があるテープを用いる場合、マトリックス樹脂組成物を余剰に用いる必要がある。さらに、一度マトリックス樹脂組成物を吸着したシートは再度使用することができないため、製造コストが上昇してしまう問題があった。
また、特許文献2では離型シートの外側から突起を出すことで離型シートを折り曲げ、マトリックス樹脂組成物が離型シートから流れ出すことを抑制している。この方法はマトリックス樹脂組成物が離型シートから溢れ出ることは防げる。しかしながら、マトリックス樹脂組成物がプリプレグから流れ出ることを抑制しておらず、上記の第一の問題の解決法としても効果は十分ではない。
前記弾性体は、前記プリプレグ前駆体の長手方向に連続してもよい。
前記弾性体が環状であってもよい。
前記弾性体の張力が制御されていてもよい。
前記弾性体が発泡体であってもよい。
前記弾性体に潤滑処理が施されていてもよい。
前記第二の離型シートが熱可塑性樹脂フィルムであってもよい。
前記強化繊維シートが引き揃えられた強化繊維束からなってもよい。
前記強化繊維シートが二次元ランダムに堆積した短い強化繊維束からなってもよい。
前記強化繊維シートが第一の強化繊維シートと第二の強化繊維シートとで構成され、前記プリプレグの製造方法が、前記第一の強化繊維シートの一面にマトリックス樹脂組成物を塗布し、第一の強化繊維シートの前記一面に第二の強化繊維シートを重ねて前記プリプレグ前駆体を形成する工程をさらに有してもよい。
本発明の第1実施形態に係るプリプレグの製造方法を図1及び図2に示す。
図1において、強化繊維シート1は、複数の強化繊維束が一方向に引き揃えられたシートである。複数の強化繊維束を一方向に引き揃える方法としては、例えば、ボビンに巻き取られた強化繊維束を必要な数量準備して、それぞれの強化繊維束を引き出して平行に引き揃えてシート状となす方法がある。
さらに、第一及び第二の離型シート2、2’によって挟まれたプリプレグ前駆体(A)は、一対の挟みガイドロール8の間に送られる。一対の挟みガイドロール8は一定の隙間を開けて配置されている。重ねられた第一及び第二の離型シート2、2’とプリプレグ前駆体(A)とはその隙間を通過する際に押圧される。
次に、プリプレグ前駆体(A)は一対の加圧ロール10によって第一及び第二の離型シート2、2’を介してプリプレグ前駆体(A)の厚さ方向に加圧される。一対の加圧ロール10は、移送方向に複数配置される。移送方向に複数設けられた加圧ロール10の加圧により、プリプレグ前駆体(A)中のマトリックス樹脂組成物が強化繊維シート1、1’中に段階的に含浸していく。
一対の加圧ロール10A、10Bのうちの加圧ロール10Bにはプリプレグ前駆体(A)の長手方向に連続する一対の弾性体5が設けられる。弾性体5は、第二の離型シート2’のプリプレグ前駆体(A)が配置される位置よりも外側(延出部2A、2A’に対向する位置)にそれぞれ平行に配置される。加圧ロール10A、10Bは、弾性体5とプリプレグ前駆体(A)と離型シート2、2’とを同時にプリプレグ前駆体(A)の厚さ方向に加圧する。
図2に示すように、加圧ロール10A、10Bの加圧によってプリプレグ前駆体(A)中のマトリックス樹脂組成物が加圧されるとともに、弾性体5が第二の離型シート2’の第二面2b’に接触し、第一及び第二の離型シート2、2’の延出部2A、2A’同士を互いに押し当てる。それにより、プリプレグ前駆体(A)の幅方向の両端部を密閉してプリプレグ前駆体(A)を構成する強化繊維がマトリックス樹脂組成物とともに幅方向に流出して広がるのを防ぐことができる。さらに、プリプレグの強化繊維目付けが、その幅方向の両端に向かって低下するのを抑制することができる。
なお、図1では弾性体5は、加圧ロール10Bと弾性体ガイドロール17とにループ状に循環するように掛けられている。また、弾性体張力調整ロール16が、弾性体のループの外側から弾性体5に接している。弾性体張力調整ロール16の弾性体5に対する押し付け量を調整することで弾性体5の張力を調整することができる。
強化繊維シートの繊維目付は繊維強化複合材料の要求に応じて調整される。例えば、第一及び第二の離型シート2、2’によって挟まれる強化繊維シートの合計の目付が150g/m2以上であることが本発明の効果が顕著に得られるので好ましく、300g/m2以上であることがさらに好ましい。
強化繊維として炭素繊維を用いる場合は、炭素繊維との接着が優れるのでエポキシ樹脂またはビニルエステル樹脂を用いることが好ましい。
エポキシ樹脂の具体例としては、グリシジルエーテル型エポキシ樹脂や、グリシジルアミン型エポキシ樹脂、グリシジルエステル型エポキシ樹脂、脂環式エポキシ樹脂等がある。必要に応じて上述の樹脂と、硬化剤や、硬化助剤、その他添加剤等とを混合してマトリックス樹脂組成物を調製して用いる。
マトリックス樹脂組成物の付着量は繊維強化複合材料の要求に応じて調整される。例えば、プリプレグの質量に対して20~50質量%である。
木質紙の例としては、クラフト紙やグラシン紙などが挙げられる。軟質のポリマーの例としては、工程温度以上の耐熱性を有するポリエチレンやポリスチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、ポリ乳酸、ポリアミド等が挙げられる。硬質のポリマーの例としてはポリエチレンテレフタラート等が挙げられる。
特に、弾性体5と接する第二の離型シート2’の材料としては、木質紙及び軟質のポリマーを用いたフィルムにおいては110μm以下の厚みであると離型シート2’が弾性体5に沿って変形しやすいので好ましく、さらに好ましくは80μm以下である。硬質ポリマーを用いたフィルムであれば75μm以下の厚みが好ましく、さらに好ましくは25μm以下である。一方、離型紙及び軟質ポリマーを用いたフィルムであれば50μm以上であることがこのましい。硬質ポリマーを用いたフィルムであれば15μm以上であることが好ましい。上記離型紙及びフィルムが、上述の厚さ条件を満たしていれば、製造中に破損しないだけの強度を有して好適である。
また、直径の細い加圧ロールを用いると急激な圧力上昇により、マトリックス樹脂のバックフローを生じ易い。そのため、加圧ロールの直径は300mm以上であることが好ましく、400mm以上であるとより好ましく、500mm以上であれば高圧を加えることが可能になりさらに好適である。
加圧に必要な加圧ロールの押し付け力は、プリプレグ3の幅及び目付、マトリックス樹脂含有率、マトリックス樹脂組成物の粘度、弾性体5の弾性率、厚さ及び幅によって変化する。従ってこれらに基づく算術計算及び試行実験を通して決定する。但し、本実施態様においては、対向する一対の加圧ロールの間に予め所定のクリアランスを設定し、不図示のクリアランス設定機構に対して加圧ロールを十分な荷重で押し当てる方式を採用するのが良い。加圧ロールのクリアランスは製造するプリプレグの繊維目付/繊維の密度を考慮した厚みと、プリプレグの樹脂目付/樹脂の密度を考慮した厚みと、第一及び第二の離型シートのそれぞれの厚みとの合計を下限として、前段の加圧ロールから後段の加圧ロールへと徐々に狭くする。
弾性体の延在方向に垂直な断面形状は強化繊維が樹脂とともに幅方向に流出して広がるのを防げれば限定されず、円形や、楕円形、正方形、長方形などを適用することができる。
また、弾性体5は加圧ロール10Bと第二の離型シート2’との間で挟圧されることにより、上流側に伸長するため、第二の離型シート2’および加圧ロール10Bとの間で滑ることが好ましい。そのため、第二の離型シート2’の第二面2b’と加圧ロール10Bの表面に予めシリコ-ンオイルやフッ素樹脂などをコーティングする潤滑ないし低摩擦化処理を行うことや、弾性体5にシリコ-ンオイルやフッ素樹脂などをコーティングすること、弾性体5にタルクなどの固体滑剤を付与すること、弾性体5と第二の離型シート2’および加圧ロール10Bとの間に一般的に使用される潤滑油を供給することなどを行っておくことが好ましい。
弾性体5の供給方法は特に限定されない。図1では環状の弾性体5を加圧ロール群の最後段の加圧ロール10Bのみに周回して循環供給している。しかしながら、加圧ロール10Aに環状の弾性体5を設けて、弾性体を第一の離型シート2の第二面2bに接触させて第一及び第二の離型シート2、2’同士を互いに押し当ててもよい。また、環状の弾性体5を加圧ロール10A及び10Bの両方に個別に周回して、プリプレグ前駆体(A)の両面側から第一及び第二の離型シート2、2’同士を互いに押し当ててもよい。また、環状の弾性体5を複数の加圧ロール10のそれぞれに個別に周回してもよいし、すべての加圧ロールに一括して周回してもよい。また、弾性体5を長尺のものにして、封止が必要な加圧ロール群の前後に弾性体5の供給装置と巻取り装置を配置することもできる。
また、図1では弾性体5が加圧ロール10Bと弾性体ガイドロール17とにループ状に循環するように掛けられているが、本発明はこれに限定されない。加圧ロール10Bの外周上のみ循環するように設けてもよいし、複数の弾性体ガイドロール17を設けてそれらの周りを循環するように設けられてもよい。
また、図1では、一対に配置された加圧ロールの間を通過させることでプリプレグ前駆体(A)を加圧しているが限定されない。例えば、ひとつの加圧ロールとプレート等との間を通過させてプリプレグ前駆体(A)を加圧してもよい。
本発明の第2実施形態に係るプリプレグの製造方法を図3及び図4に示す。
本実施形態においては、強化繊維シート21として二次元ランダムに堆積した短い強化繊維束からなるシートを用いて、シートモルディングコンパウンド(SMC)であるプリプレグを製造する方法を示す。
なお、メッシュベルトコンベア43及び44による加圧は第1実施形態の加圧ロール10、10A、10Bの加圧に比べて十分に小さい力で行われる。SMCのプリプレグ前駆体(B)に含まれるマトリックス樹脂組成物の粘度が、複数の強化繊維束が一方向に引き揃えられたプリプレグ前駆体(A)に含まれるマトリックス樹脂組成物の粘度に比べて極端に低いために、対向する加圧ロールによって挟む方法による加圧では加圧力が強すぎるためにプリプレグ前駆体(B)が過剰に流動しシート形状を保つことが困難となる場合があるためである。十分に小さい力による加圧を実現するため、所定の長さに切断された強化繊維束を含むプリプレグ前駆体(B)においては、上下のコンパクションローラ38’、38が交互に配置された、上下のメッシュベルトコンベアによる加圧が好ましい。このような加圧装置においては、加圧力はコンパクションローラ38’、38を離れて通過するメッシュベルトの張力と曲率半径により生じる。しかしながら、本発明では加圧方法はそれに限定されず、弾性体を備えることができればプリプレグの構成に応じて種々の加圧方法を用いることができる。
図4に示すように、弾性体25は、第二の離型シート22’のプリプレグ前駆体(B)が配置される位置よりも外側(延出部22A、22A’に対向する位置)にそれぞれ平行に配置される。第二及び第三のメッシュベルトコンベア43、44は、弾性体25とプリプレグ前駆体(B)と第一及び第二の離型シート22、22’とを同時にプリプレグ前駆体(B)の厚さ方向に加圧する。図4に示すように、この加圧によってプリプレグ前駆体(B)中のマトリックス樹脂組成物が加圧されるとともに、弾性体25が第二の離型シート22’の第二面22b’に接触し、第一及び第二の離型シート22、22’の延出部22A、22A’同士を互いに押し当てる。それにより、プリプレグ前駆体(B)の幅方向の両端部を密閉してプリプレグ前駆体(B)を構成する強化繊維がマトリックス樹脂組成物とともに幅方向に流出して広がるのを防ぐことができる。さらに、プリプレグの強化繊維目付けが、その幅方向の両端に向かって低下するのを抑制することができる。
なお、図3では弾性体25は、第二のメッシュベルトコンベア43と弾性体ガイドロール37とにループ状に循環するように掛けられている。
強化繊維として炭素繊維を用いる場合は、炭素繊維との接着が優れるのでビニルエステル樹脂またはエポキシ樹脂を用いることが好ましい。
必要に応じて上述の樹脂と、硬化剤や、硬化助剤、その他添加剤等とを混合してマトリックス樹脂組成物を調製して用いる。
マトリックス樹脂組成物の付着量は繊維強化複合材料の要求に応じて調整される。例えば、プリプレグの質量に対して30~70質量%である。
弾性体の延在方向に垂直な断面形状は強化繊維が樹脂とともに幅方向に流出して広がるのを防げれば限定されず、円形や、楕円形、正方形、長方形などを適用することができ、中実でも中空でも適用できる。断面形状が中空の弾性体を用いる場合は、無負荷における断面形状の最大幅を基準とした弾性体のみかけの圧縮弾性率が0.01~40MPaである弾性体を用いることが好ましく、0.1~5MPaの弾性体を用いることが特に好ましい。永久歪を生じる最小のつぶし率が、無負荷における断面形状の最大高さを基準としたつぶし率で30%以上である弾性体を用いることが好ましい。中空の断面形状を持つ弾性体のみかけの圧縮弾性率は弾性体の中空部に封入した圧縮空気等の流体の圧力を調整することによって好ましい範囲とすることもできる。
以下第1実施形態の実施例である第1の実施例について説明する。
<原料>
以下に本実施例で用いる材料を示す。
炭素繊維束:三菱レイヨン株式会社製炭素繊維 製品名「TRH50-60M」(フィラメント数:60000本、引張強度:4.9GPa、引張伸度:2.0%、引張弾性率250GPa、目付け:3.2g/m)
エポキシ樹脂A:三菱化学株式会社製ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂 製品名「jER8 28」 (jERは登録商標)
エポキシ樹脂B:旭化成イーマテリアルズ株式会社製オキサゾリドン環含有エポキシ樹脂製品名「AER4152」(AERは登録商標)
硬化剤:三菱化学株式会社製ジシアンジアミド 製品名「DICY15」
硬化助剤:保土谷化学工業株式会社製3-(3,4-ジクロロフェニル)-1,1-ジメチル尿素 製品名「DCMU99」
<マトリックス樹脂の調製>
エポキシ樹脂Aを8.3質量部、硬化剤を1質量部、硬化助剤を4.1質量部採取し、攪拌・混合する。得られた混合物を三本ロールミルにてさらに細かく混合して硬化剤マスターバッチとして調整する。それとは別に、ガラスフラスコにエポキシ樹脂Aを75.7質量部とエポキシ樹脂Bとを16質量部採取し、オイルバスを用いて130℃に加熱し混合する。その後、エポキシ樹脂Aとエポキシ樹脂Bとの混合物を60℃程度まで冷却し、硬化剤マスターバッチを13.4質量部添加し、攪拌・混合することでマトリックス樹脂組成物を得た。得られたマトリックス樹脂組成物の30℃における粘度を、以下の測定条件により測定したところ、50Pa・sであった。
<粘度測定条件>
・装置:粘弾性測定装置(Reologica Instruments A.B.社製、 「VAR-100」)
・使用プレート:40φパラレルプレート
・プレートギャップ:0.5mm
・測定周波数:1.59Hz
・昇温速度:2℃/分
・応力:300Pa
空孔率50%、アスカーC硬度35度であるシリコーンスポンジゴムを自然厚み2mm、自然幅を20mmに加工し、無張力状態の周長1800mmの環として得られる弾性体5を2本用意して用いた。シリコ-ンオイル(呉工業社製 製品名「シリコーンルブスプレー」)をそれぞれ塗布して表面潤滑処理された弾性体を使用した。
図1及び2に示される製造装置を用い、ライン速度5m/分でクリールより強化繊維束を引き出し、幅150mmの均一な強化繊維シート1および1’を各400g/m2となるようにそれぞれ引きそろえた。上述のようにして調製されたマトリックス樹脂を強化繊維シート1の片面に392g/m2となるように均一に塗布し、マトリックス樹脂組成物を塗工した面に強化繊維シート1’を重ねた。そののち、マトリックス樹脂組成物を挟んだ状態の強化繊維シート1および1’(本実施例における、プリプレグ前駆体(A))の両外面に厚さ25μmの第一及び第二の離型シート2、2’(三菱樹脂株式会社製ポリエチレンテレフタラートフィルム 製品名「MRF-25」)の第一面を当てて、ロール間クリアランスを0.8mmに設定した挟みガイドロール8に通してプリプレグ前駆体(A)を第一及び第二の離型シート2、2’で挟んだ。その後、プリプレグ前駆体(A)を加熱プレート9で加熱した。そして、直径500mmの130℃に加熱した2段の加圧ロール10のそれぞれのロール間クリアランスの一段目を0.680mmに、二段目を0.625mmに設定し、それらの間を通過させた。これにより、プリプレグ前駆体(A))を第一及び第二の離型シート2、2’に挟まれた状態で加圧した。このとき、後段(二段目)の加圧ロール10Bにおいて弾性体5を第二の離型シート2の第二面よりプリプレグの目標幅である179mmの両端位置から5mmずつ外側に離した位置に弾性体5の内側のエッジを合わせて連続して供給した。
目視で確認した結果、弾性体5が第一及び第二の離型シート2、2’を互いに密着し、第一及び第二の離型シート2、2’の密着部分からの樹脂の流出は無かった。得られたプリプレグ3を冷却プレート11により冷却し、引取ロール12を通して、剥離ガイドロール13を通して第一の離型シート2を剥離して、第二の離型シート2’とともに巻取り装置14にて巻き取った。
このようにして幅が179mmの一方向プリプレグを得た。この一方向プリプレグを目視で観察した結果、プリプレグの両端部には樹脂のはみ出しは無く、第二の離型シート2’から容易に剥離可能で取り扱い性が良好であった。また、プリプレグを幅方向に20mm(端部においては各29mm)長さ方向に200mmの短冊状に分割して、各短冊について十分量のアセトンでマトリックス樹脂を取り除いて強化繊維の乾燥後の質量を測定した。これらの値から各短冊の繊維目付けと変動係数(以下、短冊繊維目付け変動係数)を計算したところ、短冊繊維目付け変動係数は2.5%で目付が均一なプリプレグが示された。
比較例1として、弾性体5を用いず、その他は実施例1と同じ条件にしてプリプレグを製造したところ、幅195mmの一方向プリプレグを得た。この一方向プリプレグは側端部に樹脂のはみ出しが継続的に見られ第二の離型シート2’から一方向プリプレグを剥離する際に、プリプレグの両端部にマトリックス樹脂がはみ出しており、一方向プリプレグの取り扱いに注意が必要であった。また、実施例1と同様にして短冊繊維目付け変動係数を求めたところ(端部においては、幅26mmと29mmに分割)4.7%であった。
以上の結果を表1にまとめた。ここで短冊繊維目付けの変動係数が4%未満のものを良、変動係数が4%以上のものを悪とした。また、幅方向の両側端部における樹脂の付着が見られないものを良、継続的に樹脂が付着しているものを悪とした。
以下、第2実施形態の実施例である第2の実施例について説明する。
<原料>
以下に本実施例で用いる材料を示す。
炭素繊維束:
三菱レイヨン株式会社製炭素繊維 製品名「TR50S-15L」
マトリックス樹脂:
樹脂:エポキシアクリレート樹脂:日本ユピカ株式会社製「ネオポール8051」(ネオポールは登録商標)
硬化剤:1,1-ビス(t-ブチルペルオキシ)シクロヘキサン流動パラフィン希釈液(濃度70%):日本油脂株式会社製「パーヘキサC」(パーヘキサは登録商標)
内部離型剤:ステアリン酸亜鉛:日本油脂株式会社製
増粘剤:変性ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート:ダウケミカル日本株式会社製「ISONATE 143LP」(ISONATEは登録商標)
安定剤:1,4-ベンゾキノン:和光純薬工業株式会社製
<マトリックス樹脂の調製>
樹脂、硬化剤、内部離型剤、増粘剤、安定剤を100.0:10.0:3.0:15.3:0.02の割合で混合して得られた樹脂の粘度を実施例1と同様にして測定すると0.3Pa・sであった。
空孔率80%、アスカ―C硬度25度であるクロロプレン(登録商標ネオプレン)スポンジゴムを自然厚み5mm、自然幅を15mmに加工したものを環状として得られる弾性体25を2本用意して用いた。
図3に示される製造装置を用いて最終的に仕様を満たすプリプレブの幅が600mm以上となるように、幅方向の端部での目減りを考慮してマトリックス樹脂の塗工幅を620mmに設定した。
上述のようにして調整されたマトリックス樹脂組成物をドクターブレード法で第一の離型シート22(ポリエチレンフィルム:株式会社トクザ製ポリシート50μm)の第一面に740g/m2となるように均一に塗布した。次に第一の離型シート22のマトリックス樹脂を塗工した面(第一面)にカッター41によって25mmに切断された強化繊維を均一に散布して堆積させた。さらに上述のマトリックス樹脂組成物をドクターブレード法で第二の離型シート22’(株式会社トクザ製ポリシート50μm)の第一面に740g/m2となるように均一に塗布した。そして第二の離型シート22’の第一面と第一の離型シート22上の強化繊維シート21とが接するように重ね、第一のメッシュベルトコンベア42によって強化繊維シート21を圧縮し、プリプレグ前駆体(B)を得た。
そして、長手方向に平行に配置された第二のメッシュベルトコンベア43と第三のメッシュベルトコンベア44との間にプリプレグ前駆体(B)を通過させた。これにより、さらにプリプレグ前駆体(B)を圧縮しかつ強化繊維シート21中にマトリックス樹脂組成物を含浸させた。また、弾性体25は第二の離型シート22’の第二面22b’より樹脂の塗工幅である620mmの両端位置から5mmずつ外側に離した位置に弾性体25の内側のエッジを合わせて連続して供給しすることで、プリプレグの目標幅を設定した。
その後プリプレグ前駆体(B)を回収装置により回収し、プリプレグ前駆体(B)中のマトリックス樹脂組成物の粘性を高めるために一定時間プリプレグ前駆体(B)を放置し、プリプレグ(SMC)を得た。
得られたSMCの幅を図5に示す。また、得られたSMCの中央600mmを50mm幅の短冊に分割して測定したそれぞれの目付を図6Aに示す。
比較例2として、弾性体25を用いず、その他は実施例2と同じ条件にして得られたSMCの幅を図5に示す。また、得られたSMCの中央600mmを50mm短冊に分割して測定したそれぞれの目付を図6Bに示す。
一方、図6Aに示される実施例2では塗工幅620mmのときに600mmの製品幅の全ての部位において目標目付±20%の範囲であり、端部での目付の低下は起きていない。
一方、比較例2の目付においては変動係数が10.3%であるのに対し、実施例2の目付においては変動係数が5.1%であり、実施例2の方が均一な製品を製造できている。
従って、実施例2の方が比較例2よりも製品の歩留まりを向上して量産することができる。
2、2’、22、22’:離型シート
2A、2A’、22A、22A’:延出部
2a、2a’、22a、22a’:離型シートの第一面
2b、2b’、22b、22b’:離型シートの第二面
3:プリプレグ
5、25:弾性体
38、38’:コンパクションロール
(A)、(B):プリプレグ前駆体
Claims (10)
- プリプレグの製造方法であって、
複数の強化繊維束を含む強化繊維シートと、マトリックス樹脂組成物と、第一及び第二の離型シートと、一対の弾性体と、を準備し、
前記マトリックス樹脂組成物を前記強化繊維シートに付与してプリプレグ前駆体を形成し、
前記第一及び第二の離型シートの第一面が前記プリプレグ前駆体に接するように且つ前記第一及び第二の離型シートが幅方向において前記プリプレグ前駆体の両端から延出する延出部を有するように、前記第一の離型シートと前記第二の離型シートとの間に前記プリプレグ前駆体を挟み、
前記一対の弾性体を、前記第二の離型シートの前記延出部に対向するように且つ前記第二の離型シートの第二面に接するように配置し、
前記プリプレグ前駆体と前記第一及び第二の離型シートと前記弾性体とを同時に前記プリプレグ前駆体の厚さ方向に加圧する、プリプレグの製造方法。 - 前記弾性体は、前記プリプレグ前駆体の長手方向に連続する、請求項1に記載のプリプレグの製造方法。
- 前記弾性体が環状である、請求項1または2に記載のプリプレグの製造方法。
- 前記弾性体の張力が制御されている、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載のプリプレグの製造方法。
- 前記弾性体が発泡体である、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載のプリプレグの製造方法。
- 前記弾性体に潤滑処理が施されている、請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載のプリプレグの製造方法。
- 前記第二の離型シートが熱可塑性樹脂フィルムである、請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載のプリプレグの製造方法。
- 前記強化繊維シートが引き揃えられた強化繊維束からなる、請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載のプリプレグの製造方法。
- 前記強化繊維シートが二次元ランダムに堆積した短い強化繊維束からなる、請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載のプリプレグの製造方法。
- 前記強化繊維シートが第一の強化繊維シートと第二の強化繊維シートとで構成され、
前記プリプレグの製造方法が、前記第一の強化繊維シートの一面にマトリックス樹脂組成物を塗布し、第一の強化繊維シートの前記一面に第二の強化繊維シートを重ねて前記プリプレグ前駆体を形成する工程をさらに有する、請求項1から8のいずれか1項に記載のプリプレグの製造方法。
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