WO2014207812A1 - 電源装置 - Google Patents
電源装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014207812A1 WO2014207812A1 PCT/JP2013/067292 JP2013067292W WO2014207812A1 WO 2014207812 A1 WO2014207812 A1 WO 2014207812A1 JP 2013067292 W JP2013067292 W JP 2013067292W WO 2014207812 A1 WO2014207812 A1 WO 2014207812A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- switching element
- power supply
- lower arm
- fuse
- control device
- Prior art date
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/003—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to inverters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0069—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
- H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
- H02H7/1213—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for DC-DC converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/52—Drive Train control parameters related to converters
- B60L2240/526—Operating parameters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/52—Drive Train control parameters related to converters
- B60L2240/527—Voltage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/52—Drive Train control parameters related to converters
- B60L2240/529—Current
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/547—Voltage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/549—Current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
- H01L2224/48—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
- H01L2224/484—Connecting portions
- H01L2224/4846—Connecting portions with multiple bonds on the same bonding area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/10—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
- H01L2924/11—Device type
- H01L2924/13—Discrete devices, e.g. 3 terminal devices
- H01L2924/1304—Transistor
- H01L2924/1305—Bipolar Junction Transistor [BJT]
- H01L2924/13055—Insulated gate bipolar transistor [IGBT]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/10—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
- H01L2924/11—Device type
- H01L2924/13—Discrete devices, e.g. 3 terminal devices
- H01L2924/1304—Transistor
- H01L2924/1306—Field-effect transistor [FET]
- H01L2924/13091—Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor [MOSFET]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
- H02M1/325—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection with means for allowing continuous operation despite a fault, i.e. fault tolerant converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a power supply device.
- an object of the present disclosure is to provide a power supply device capable of continuing the power supply from the battery to the load even when the switching element of the lower arm of the DC / DC converter has a short circuit failure.
- a power source One end is connected between the switching element of the upper arm and the switching element of the lower arm, and the switching element of the upper arm and the lower arm that are connected in series between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power source,
- a DC / DC converter comprising a reactor having the other end connected to the power source;
- a normally closed first switch provided between the lower arm switching element and the negative electrode of the power source;
- a power fuse provided between the positive electrode of the power source and the other end of the reactor;
- a second power supply fuse connected in parallel to the power supply fuse;
- a second switch that is connected in series to the second power supply fuse and is normally connected to the power supply fuse in parallel;
- FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the whole structure of the motor drive system 1 for electric vehicles including one Example of the power supply device 2.
- FIG. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the process performed by the control apparatus 50 regarding the short circuit of the switching element Q24 of a lower arm. It is a flowchart which shows another example of the process performed by the control apparatus 50 regarding the short circuit of the switching element Q24 of a lower arm. It is a flowchart which shows another example of the process performed by the control apparatus 50 regarding the short circuit of the switching element Q24 of a lower arm. It is explanatory drawing of an example of the detection method of the short circuit failure of the switching element Q24 of a lower arm.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of an example of a method for detecting fusing of the power fuse 12.
- 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a control device 50.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows another example of a structure of the control apparatus. It is explanatory drawing of the example shown in FIG. 8, and is a table
- 3 is a diagram schematically showing an example of a mounting method of switching elements Q22 and Q24 and diodes D22 and D24 of the DC / DC converter 20.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the mounting method by a comparative example.
- 6 is a diagram schematically showing another example of a mounting method of the switching element Q22 and the diode D22 of the DC / DC converter 20.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the power supply device 2B by another Example.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the overall configuration of a motor drive system 1 for an electric vehicle including an embodiment of a power supply device 2.
- the motor drive system 1 is a system that drives a vehicle by driving a traveling motor 40 using electric power of a battery 10.
- the electric vehicle typically includes a hybrid vehicle (HV) whose power source is an engine and a traveling motor 40, and an electric vehicle whose power source is only the traveling motor 40.
- HV hybrid vehicle
- the motor drive system 1 includes a battery 10, a DC / DC converter 20, an inverter 30, a travel motor 40, and a control device 50 as shown in FIG.
- the battery 10 is an arbitrary power storage device that stores electric power and outputs a DC voltage, and may be composed of a capacitive element such as a nickel metal hydride battery, a lithium ion battery, or an electric double layer capacitor.
- the battery 10 may be formed by a battery pack in which a plurality of unit cells are stacked.
- the battery 10 may be the only power source for the traveling motor 40. That is, no other battery such as a fuel cell may be provided on the output side of the DC / DC converter 20. However, an alternator or the like may be provided on the input side of the DC / DC converter 20.
- the DC / DC converter 20 may be a bidirectional DC / DC converter (a reversible chopper type step-up DC / DC converter).
- the DC / DC converter 20 may be capable of step-up conversion from 200 V to 650 V and step-down conversion from 650 V to 200 V, for example.
- a filter capacitor C1 may be connected between the input side of the reactor (coil) L1 of the DC / DC converter 20 and the negative electrode line.
- the DC / DC converter 20 includes two switching elements Q22 and Q24 and a reactor L1.
- the two switching elements Q22 and Q24 are connected in series between the positive electrode line and the negative electrode line of the inverter 30.
- Reactor L1 has one end connected to the positive electrode side of battery 10 and the other end connected to a connection portion (middle point) between two switching elements Q22 and Q24.
- the two switching elements Q22 and Q24 of the DC / DC converter 20 are IGBTs (Insulated Gate Gate Bipolar Transistors).
- the switching elements Q22 and Q24 may be normal IGBTs using diodes (for example, freewheeling diodes) D22 and D24 as external elements, or reverse conducting IGBTs (RC (Reverse Conducting) incorporating diodes D22 and D24. ) -IGBT).
- the collector of the switching element Q22 of the upper arm is connected to the positive line of the inverter 30, and the emitter of the switching element Q22 of the upper arm is connected to the collector of the switching element Q24 of the lower arm.
- the emitter of the switching element Q24 in the lower arm is connected to the negative electrode line of the inverter 30 and the negative electrode of the battery 10.
- the switching elements Q22 and Q24 may be switching elements other than the IGBT, such as a MOSFET (Metal / Oxide / Semiconductor / Field-Effect / Transistor).
- the inverter 30 includes U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase arms arranged in parallel with each other between the positive electrode line and the negative electrode line.
- the U-phase arm consists of a series connection of switching elements (IGBTs) Q1 and Q2
- the V-phase arm consists of a series connection of switching elements (IGBTs in this example) Q3 and Q4, and the W-phase arm
- IGBT switching elements
- diodes D1 to D6 are arranged between the collectors and emitters of the switching elements Q1 to Q6 so that current flows from the emitter side to the collector side, respectively.
- Switching elements Q1 to Q6 may be switching elements other than IGBTs such as MOSFETs.
- the traveling motor 40 is a three-phase permanent magnet motor, and one end of three coils of U, V, and W phases are commonly connected at a midpoint.
- the other end of the U-phase coil is connected to the midpoint M1 of the switching elements Q1 and Q2
- the other end of the V-phase coil is connected to the midpoint M2 of the switching elements Q3 and Q4
- the other end of the W-phase coil is Connected to midpoint M3 of switching elements Q5, Q6.
- a smoothing capacitor C2 is connected between the collector of the switching element Q1 and the negative electrode line.
- the connection method of the three coils of the U, V and W phases may be ⁇ connection.
- the traveling motor 40 may be a hybrid three-phase motor in which an electromagnet and a permanent magnet are combined.
- a second travel motor or generator may be added in parallel.
- a corresponding inverter may be added in parallel.
- the control device 50 controls the DC / DC converter 20. Further, the control device 50 controls a lower arm relay 70 and a second fuse relay 74 which will be described later. Further, the control device 50 may further control the inverter 30.
- the control device 50 may be embodied as an ECU (electronic control unit) including a microcomputer.
- ECU electronic control unit
- Various functions (including functions described below) of the control device 50 may be realized by arbitrary hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof.
- various functions of the control device 50 may be realized by application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or field programmable gate (FPGA) for specific applications.
- ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
- FPGA field programmable gate
- Various functions of control device 50 may be realized by cooperation of a plurality of ECUs.
- the outline of the control method of the DC / DC converter 20 may be arbitrary.
- the control device 50 controls the DC / DC converter 20 in accordance with the operation (power running or regeneration) of the inverter 30.
- control device 50 switches on / off only switching element Q24 on the lower arm of DC / DC converter 20 (one-arm drive by the lower arm), boosts the voltage of battery 10, and drives inverter 30 side. Output to.
- the switching element Q24 of the lower arm may be controlled by PWM (Pulse Width Modulation).
- control device 50 may drive the two switching elements Q22 and Q24 on / off in opposite phases (both arm drive).
- the outline of the control method of the inverter 30 may be arbitrary.
- the control device 50 turns on the two switching elements Q1 and Q2 related to the U phase so that the phase current flowing through the coils of each phase has a sine wave waveform with a phase shift of 120 degrees, for example. / Off drive, two switching elements Q3 and Q4 related to the V phase are turned on / off, and two switching elements Q5 and Q6 related to the W phase are turned on / off.
- the power supply device 2 includes a battery 10, a DC / DC converter 20, a power supply fuse 12, a control device 50, a lower arm relay 70, a second power supply fuse 72, and a second fuse relay 74.
- the power fuse 12 is connected in series with the positive side of the battery 10. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the power fuse 12 is connected between the positive electrode of the battery 10 and the positive electrode side of the filter capacitor C1.
- the lower arm relay 70 is provided between the switching element Q24 of the lower arm and the negative electrode of the battery 10 (the negative electrode line of the inverter 30). That is, the emitter of the switching element Q24 in the lower arm is connected to the negative electrode line of the inverter 30 and the negative electrode of the battery 10 via the lower arm relay 70.
- the lower arm relay 70 is normally closed.
- the “normal state” here is a state during normal control (power running state and regenerative state), and excludes an operating state during retreat travel as described later.
- the lower arm relay 70 is typically a type that is closed when the power supply is 0 as a characteristic of the element (normally closed type), but is open when the power supply is 0 as a characteristic of the element. It may be a type (normally open type). In the case of a normally open type, the normal state is closed by control. Opening and closing of the lower arm relay 70 is controlled by the control device 50.
- the second power fuse 72 is connected to the power fuse 12 in parallel.
- the second power fuse 72 is connected in parallel to the power fuse 12 between the positive electrode of the battery 10 and the positive electrode side of the filter capacitor C1.
- the second power fuse 72 may have a fusing characteristic similar to that of the power fuse 12 or may have a different fusing characteristic.
- the second fuse relay 74 is connected in series to the second power fuse 72 and is connected in parallel to the power fuse 12. That is, the second fuse relay 74 and the second power fuse 72 connected in series are connected to the power fuse 12 in parallel.
- the second fuse relay 74 is normally open.
- the “normal state” here is a state during normal control (power running state and regenerative state), and excludes an operating state during retreat travel as described later.
- the second fuse relay 74 is typically a type that is open when the power supply is 0 as a characteristic of the element (normally open type), but is closed when the power supply is 0 as a characteristic of the element. (Normally closed type) may be used. In the case of a normally closed type, the normal state is opened by control. The opening and closing of the second fuse relay 74 is controlled by the control device 50.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of processing executed by the control device 50 regarding a short circuit of the switching element Q24 of the lower arm.
- the processing routine shown in FIG. 2 may be repeatedly executed at predetermined intervals while the power supply device 2 is operating (that is, while the traveling motor 40 is being driven).
- step 200 it is determined whether or not a short-circuit failure has been detected in the lower arm switching element Q24.
- the short-circuit fault in the lower arm switching element Q24 may be detected by any method (some examples will be described later). If a short-circuit fault in the lower arm switching element Q24 is detected, the process proceeds to step 202. Otherwise, the process of step 200 is performed in the next cycle (that is, detection of a short-circuit fault in the lower arm switching element Q24). Waiting state).
- step 202 the lower arm relay 70 is turned off (that is, opened). Thereby, the short-circuit state of the lower arm due to the short-circuit failure of the switching element Q24 of the lower arm is eliminated.
- step 204 the second fuse relay 74 is turned on (that is, closed).
- the traveling motor 40 can be driven with a low voltage that is not boosted (similar to the battery voltage Vb of the battery 10), and retreat traveling by the traveling motor 40 is possible. Further, according to the process shown in FIG.
- step 202 and step 204 is executed without detecting the melting of the power fuse 12. This is based on the fact that when the short-circuit failure of the switching element Q24 in the lower arm occurs, the possibility that the power fuse 12 is blown before the short-circuit failure of the switching element Q24 is detected. However, actually, there may be a case where the power fuse 12 is not blown when a short circuit failure of the switching element Q24 is detected. In this case, the power supply fuse 12 and the second power supply fuse 72 function in parallel, and the fuse characteristics change. This change is particularly caused in a failure state in which the switching element Q24 of the lower arm is short-circuited. Is acceptable.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing another example of processing executed by the control device 50 regarding a short circuit of the switching element Q24 of the lower arm.
- the processing routine shown in FIG. 3 may be repeatedly executed at predetermined intervals while the power supply device 2 is operating (that is, while the traveling motor 40 is being driven).
- the processing shown in FIG. 3 is mainly different from the processing shown in FIG. 2 in that step 302 is added. In the following, processing different from the processing shown in FIG. 2 will be described mainly.
- step 300 it is determined whether or not a short circuit failure of the lower arm switching element Q24 has been detected. If a short-circuit fault is detected in the lower arm switching element Q24, the process proceeds to step 302. Otherwise, the process of step 300 is performed in the next cycle.
- step 302 it is determined whether or not the melting of the power fuse 12 is detected.
- the blowing of the power fuse 12 may be detected by any method. For example, it may be detected based on information from a current sensor (not shown) that detects a carry-out current from the battery 10. In this case, based on the fusing characteristics (known) of the power fuse 12, a time / current value necessary for fusing the power fuse 12 is prepared as a fusing judgment threshold, and the time / current value that exceeds the fusing judgment threshold is set. When detected by the current sensor, it may be determined that the power fuse 12 is blown. If it is detected that the power fuse 12 is blown, the process proceeds to step 304. Otherwise, the process of step 302 is performed in the next cycle (that is, a state where the power fuse 12 is detected to be blown).
- step 304 the lower arm relay 70 is turned off (that is, opened).
- step 306 the second fuse relay 74 is turned on (that is, closed).
- the lower arm relay 70 is opened when a short circuit failure of the lower arm switching element Q24 is detected. Thereby, since the short circuit state of a lower arm is eliminated, the overcurrent from the battery 10 can be prevented and the battery 10 can be protected. Further, according to the process shown in FIG. 3, the second fuse relay 74 is closed when the melting of the power fuse 12 is detected. Thus, electric power can be supplied from the battery 10 to the traveling motor 40 via the second power fuse 72 and the second fuse relay 74, and the traveling traveling by the traveling motor 40 becomes possible.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing still another example of the process executed by the control device 50 regarding the short circuit of the switching element Q24 of the lower arm.
- the processing routine shown in FIG. 4 may be repeatedly executed at predetermined intervals while the power supply device 2 is operating (that is, while the traveling motor 40 is being driven).
- the process shown in FIG. 4 is mainly different from the process shown in FIG. 3 in that step 408 is added. That is, the processes in steps 400 to 406 may be the same as the processes in steps 300 to 306 shown in FIG.
- step 408 the switching element Q22 of the upper arm is kept on.
- the upper arm switching element Q22 is off, the upper arm switching element Q22 is turned on and then the upper arm switching element Q22 is kept on.
- the retreat travel by the travel motor 40 can be performed while the regenerative current from the inverter 30 flows to the battery 10 side during regeneration.
- the upper arm switching element Q22 may be switched on / off (one arm drive by the upper arm).
- step 402 may be omitted as in the process shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of an example of a method for detecting a short-circuit fault in the switching element Q24 of the lower arm.
- the switching element Q24 of the lower arm has a short circuit failure during power running
- the switching element Q22 of the upper arm is turned on during subsequent regeneration
- the upper and lower arms are short-circuited at the timing when the switching element Q22 of the upper arm is turned on.
- the charge accumulated in the smoothing capacitor C2 becomes a short-circuit current and flows through the switching element Q22 of the upper arm.
- the short-circuit fault of the switching element Q24 in the lower arm may be detected based on the value of the current flowing through the switching element Q22 in the upper arm.
- the switching element Q24 of the lower arm A short circuit fault may be detected.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of an example of a method for detecting fusing of the power fuse 12.
- the switching element Q24 in the lower arm When the switching element Q24 in the lower arm is short-circuited, the switching element Q24 in the lower arm cannot be turned off, and the charge accumulated in the filter capacitor C1 is short-circuited as schematically shown by the arrow Y2 in FIG. It flows as. At the same time, the power fuse 12 is melted. Thereby, the both-ends voltage of filter capacitor C1 falls (namely, it falls to substantially 0), and becomes small compared with battery voltage Vb (voltage of battery 10). Using this point, the blowout of the power fuse 12 may be detected based on the voltage across the filter capacitor C1. For example, the fusing of the power supply fuse 12 may be detected when the voltage across the filter capacitor C1 drops below the predetermined voltage from near the battery voltage Vb. In this case, the predetermined voltage is a value significantly lower than the battery voltage Vb, and may be a value slightly larger than 0.
- a short-circuit fault in the lower arm switching element Q24 may also be detected based on the voltage across the filter capacitor C1. For example, when the voltage between both ends of the filter capacitor C1 drops below the predetermined voltage from the vicinity of the battery voltage Vb, a short-circuit failure in the lower arm switching element Q24 and a blowout of the power supply fuse 12 may be detected simultaneously.
- control device 50 Next, a preferred configuration example of the control device 50 will be described.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the control device 50.
- the switching elements Q1 to Q6 of the inverter 30 (however, the switching elements Q3 to Q6 are omitted) and the switching elements Q22 and Q24 of the DC / DC converter 20 are also illustrated.
- the control device 50 has a configuration for controlling the switching elements Q1 to Q6 of the inverter 30 in addition to the switching elements Q22 and Q24 of the DC / DC converter 20, but the switching elements Q1 to Q of the inverter 30 are controlled.
- the component that controls Q6 may be omitted (that is, it may be realized by another control device).
- the control device 50 includes a microcomputer 510 and each driving IC (integrated circuit) unit 522.
- a total of eight drive ICs 522 are provided corresponding to the switching elements Q1 to Q6 of the inverter 30 and the switching elements Q22 and Q24 of the DC / DC converter 20.
- a plurality of driving ICs 522 may be integrated as one driving IC. Also in such a case, a circuit portion corresponding to a plurality of drive ICs 522 is included in one drive IC.
- a communication line 530 for a gate signal is provided between the microcomputer 510 and each driving IC 522.
- a total of eight gate signal communication lines 530 are provided corresponding to the switching elements Q1 to Q6 of the inverter 30 and the switching elements Q22 and Q24 of the DC / DC converter 20.
- a gate signal for switching on / off the switching elements Q1 to Q6 is transmitted to each of the gate signal communication lines 530 related to the switching elements Q1 to Q6 of the inverter 30. That is, each gate signal is applied to the gates of the switching elements Q1 to Q6 via each gate signal communication line 530 and each drive IC 522.
- a gate signal for switching on / off the switching elements Q22 and Q24 is transmitted to each of the gate signal communication lines 530 related to the switching elements Q22 and Q24 of the DC / DC converter 20. That is, each gate signal is applied to the gates of the switching elements Q22 and Q24 via each gate signal communication line 530 and each drive IC 522.
- Communication lines 540 and 542 for feedback signals are provided between the microcomputer 510 and each drive IC 522. As shown in FIG. 7, the feedback signal communication line 540 is common to the seven drive ICs 522. On the other hand, the communication line 542 for feedback signals is provided exclusively for the drive IC 522 related to the switching element Q22 of the upper arm.
- the symbol “522A” is appropriately used to distinguish it from the other driving ICs 522.
- the feedback signal communication line 540 has one end connected to the power supply voltage Vcc and the other end connected to the microcomputer 510.
- the communication line 540 for feedback signals includes seven photo couplers 550 provided for each of the seven drive ICs 522. As shown in FIG. 7, the seven photo couplers 550 (output-side transistors) may be connected in series between the power supply voltage Vcc and the microcomputer 510, or may be connected in parallel.
- Each of the drive ICs 522 transmits a feedback signal (element information) to the microcomputer 510 by turning on / off the corresponding fot coupler 550 and changing the level of the communication line 540 for feedback signals between Hi and Lo. Note that during the non-transmission period of the feedback signal, the level of the communication line 540 for the feedback signal is maintained at Hi. Details of the feedback signal will be described later.
- the feedback signal communication line 542 has one end connected to the power supply voltage Vcc and the other end connected to the microcomputer 510 separately from the feedback signal communication line 540.
- the communication line 542 for the feedback signal includes a foto coupler 552.
- the driving IC 522A related to the switching element Q22 of the upper arm turns the fottle coupler 552 on / off to change the level of the communication line 542 for feedback signal between Hi and Lo, thereby sending the feedback signal (element information) to the microcomputer 510. Send to.
- the level of the communication line 542 for the feedback signal is maintained at Hi. Details of the feedback signal will be described later.
- the feedback signals from the seven drive ICs 522 may include unique information and abnormal status information.
- the feedback signal may be generated only once and transmitted to the microcomputer 510, or may be repeatedly generated and transmitted to the microcomputer 510 while the abnormality continues.
- the unique information may be unique information (ID) for specifying each of the switching elements Q1 to Q6 and the switching element Q24.
- the abnormality status information is a signal indicating the content of the abnormality. There may be a plurality of abnormality contents depending on the abnormality that can be detected (determinable). For example, the content of the abnormality may be information representing the content of the protection operation when the protection function of each drive IC 522 is activated.
- the protection function may include, for example, short circuit protection, overcurrent protection, overheat protection, voltage abnormality protection, board component defect detection, and the like.
- the feedback signal from the driving IC 522A related to the switching element Q22 of the upper arm may not include unique information. That is, the feedback signal from the drive IC 522A may include only the abnormal status information among the unique information and the abnormal status information.
- the feedback signal may be generated only once and transmitted to the microcomputer 510, or may be repeatedly generated and transmitted to the microcomputer 510 while the abnormality continues.
- Each of the seven drive ICs 522 (seven drive ICs 522 other than the drive IC 522A) generates a feedback signal and transmits it to the microcomputer 510 when an abnormality is detected (protection operation). At this time, each of the driving ICs 522 sends a feedback signal including specific information related to the corresponding switching element among the switching elements Q1 to Q6 and the switching element Q24 and abnormal status information corresponding to the detected abnormality to the microcomputer 510. Send.
- each drive IC 522 includes a storage unit (not shown) that holds unique information and the like related to the corresponding switching element.
- the storage unit may be an EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable ROM) or the like.
- the microcomputer 510 determines which one of the switching elements Q1 to Q6 and the switching element Q24 is abnormal based on the unique information and the abnormal status information. Then, processing (for example, emergency operation) according to the determination result is executed.
- the drive IC 522A related to the switching element Q22 of the upper arm generates a feedback signal and transmits it to the microcomputer 510 when an abnormality is detected (protection operation).
- the drive IC 522A transmits a feedback signal including abnormality status information corresponding to the detected abnormality to the microcomputer 510.
- the drive IC 522A detects a short-circuit fault in the switching element Q24 in the lower arm based on an abnormality in the current value of the current sensor (sense emitter SE), and performs feedback.
- a signal is transmitted to the microcomputer 510.
- the driving IC 522A related to the switching element Q22 of the upper arm generates a feedback signal including abnormal status information corresponding to the short-circuit failure, and transmits the feedback signal to the microcomputer 510 via the feedback signal communication line 542.
- the drive IC 522 related to the switching element Q24 of the lower arm generally cannot detect a short circuit failure of its own switching element Q24.
- the microcomputer 510 determines that a short circuit failure has occurred in the lower arm switching element Q24 facing the upper arm switching element Q22 based on the received abnormal status information (step 300 in FIG. 3, step 400 in FIG. 4, etc.). reference).
- the feedback signal communication line 542 is provided exclusively for the drive IC 522A related to the upper arm switching element Q22, so that the short circuit failure of the lower arm switching element Q24 on the microcomputer 510 side. Can be reliably detected.
- the communication line 542 for the feedback signal is used for the feedback signal. It may be common with the communication line 540. That is, the feedback signal communication line 542 is omitted, and the drive IC 522A related to the upper arm switching element Q22 also transmits the feedback signal through the feedback signal communication line 540 in the same manner as the other drive ICs 522. It is good as well.
- the communication lines 540 and 542 for feedback signals are connected to the shutdown circuit (SDOWN circuit) 560, but may not be connected to the SDOWN circuit 560. That is, in the example shown in FIG. 7, the communication line related to the SDOWN circuit 560 and the communication lines 540 and 542 for feedback signals are shared, but the feedback signal use is independent of the communication lines related to the SDOWN circuit 560.
- the communication lines 540 and 542 may be formed. In this case, during the non-transmission period of the feedback signal, the level of the communication line 542 for the feedback signal may be maintained at Lo.
- the SDOWN circuit 560 has a function of preventing the adjacent arms from being jointly destroyed by a surge generated in the failure arm when a short circuit failure occurs.
- the SDOWN circuit 560 is a circuit that stops (turns off) the operation of the switching element of the adjacent arm in response to a shutdown signal from the corresponding drive IC 522 (early without going through the microcomputer 510) when a short circuit failure occurs. It is. Specifically, when a shutdown signal (Lo level) from the drive IC 522 is input to the SDOWN circuit 560, the output of the SDOWN circuit 560 becomes Lo level. As a result, the input of each drive IC 522 is at the Lo level (because each of the photodiodes 532 is turned off), so that all the switching elements Q1 to Q6 and the switching elements Q22 and Q24 are turned off (however, the short-circuit faulty switching) The element cannot be turned off). In the example shown in FIG. 7, the feedback signal communication lines 540 and 542 may be connected to the SDOWN circuit 560 via a low-pass filter so that the shutdown is not performed by the feedback signal.
- the communication line 540 for feedback signals is common to the seven drive ICs 522 (seven drive ICs 522 other than the drive IC 522A related to the upper arm switching element Q22). Each may be provided exclusively for the IC 522. In this case, unique information in the feedback signal is not necessary. Alternatively, a feedback signal communication line may be provided for each set of a plurality of sets of drive ICs 522 of a predetermined combination.
- the feedback signals from the seven drive ICs 522 include unique information. However, if it is only necessary to detect the presence or absence of abnormality (that is, when it is not necessary to determine which switching element is abnormal), the feedback signals from the seven driving ICs 522 do not need to include specific information. Good.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating another example of the configuration of the control device 50.
- the switching elements Q1 to Q6 of the inverter 30 (however, the switching elements Q2 to Q6 are omitted) and the switching elements Q22 and Q24 of the DC / DC converter 20 are also illustrated.
- the feedback signal communication line 542 has one end connected to the power supply voltage Vcc and the other end connected to the microcomputer 510.
- the communication line 542 for the feedback signal includes a foto coupler 552.
- the drive IC 522A related to the switching element Q22 of the upper arm turns the fottle coupler 552 on / off to change the level of the communication line 542 for feedback signal between Hi and Lo, thereby generating a feedback signal (first element information). It transmits to the microcomputer 510.
- the drive IC 522A related to the switching element Q22 of the upper arm keeps the fott coupler 552 in the on state.
- the feedback signal communication line 540 has one end connected to the feedback signal communication line 542 and the other end connected to the microcomputer 510. That is, the communication line 540 for feedback signals is connected to the (common) power supply voltage Vcc via the communication line 542 for feedback signals.
- the communication line 540 for feedback signals includes seven photo couplers 550 provided for each of the seven drive ICs 522 (seven drive ICs 522 other than the drive IC 522A related to the switching element Q22 of the upper arm). As shown in FIG. 8, the seven photo couplers 550 (transistors on the output side) may be connected in series between the power supply voltage Vcc and the microcomputer 510, or may be arranged in parallel.
- Each of the driving ICs 522 transmits a feedback signal (second element information) to the microcomputer 510 by turning on / off the corresponding fot coupler 550 and changing the level of the communication line 540 for feedback signals between Hi and Lo. To do. Note that, during the non-transmission period of the feedback signal, each drive IC 522 maintains the fott coupler 550 in the on state.
- the feedback signal (first element information) from the communication line for feedback signal 542 and the feedback signal (second element information) from the communication line for feedback signal 540 may be the same. May include. That is, the drive IC 522A and the other drive ICs 522 may generate a feedback signal that does not include unique information and transmit the feedback signal to the microcomputer 510.
- the feedback signal communication line 542 is arranged on the power supply voltage Vcc side with respect to the feedback signal communication line 540. Therefore, when the feedback signal communication line 542 becomes the Lo level, feedback is performed.
- the signal communication line 540 inevitably becomes the Lo level.
- the feedback signal communication line 542 does not necessarily become Lo level. That is, even if the feedback signal communication line 540 becomes Lo level, unless the feedback signal communication line 542 is set to Lo level by the drive IC 522A related to the switching element Q22 of the upper arm, the feedback signal communication line 542 is Does not go to Lo level. Accordingly, the feedback signal (first element information) from the feedback signal communication line 542 is transmitted to the microcomputer 510 without being affected by the feedback signal (second element information) from the feedback signal communication line 540. be able to.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of the example shown in FIG. 8, and shows how the first element information and the second element information change depending on whether the driving IC that detects overcurrent is the driving IC 522 or the driving IC 522A.
- the feedback signal from the driving IC 522A related to the switching element Q22 of the upper arm is the communication line 542 for feedback signal and the communication line 540 for feedback signal. Is received by the microcomputer 510. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 9, both the first element information and the second element information are received by the microcomputer 510.
- the other driving IC 522 detects a short-circuit failure
- the feedback signal from the other driving IC 522 is received by the microcomputer 510 only through the communication line 540 for the feedback signal. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 9, only the second element information is received by the microcomputer 510.
- the microcomputer 510 can detect a short-circuit failure of the switching element Q24 of the lower arm based on the state (first element information) of the communication line 542 for feedback signals.
- the drive IC 522A detects a short circuit failure in the switching element Q24 in the lower arm based on an abnormality in the current value of the current sensor (sense emitter SE). Then, the drive IC 522A generates a feedback signal corresponding to the short-circuit failure, and transmits it to the microcomputer 510 via the feedback signal communication line 542. Thereby, the microcomputer 510 can detect a short-circuit failure of the switching element Q24 of the lower arm.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of a mounting method of the switching element Q22 and the diode D22 of the DC / DC converter 20, and is a top view schematically illustrating a mounting state on the substrate 90.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of a mounting method of the switching element Q22 and the diode D22 of the DC / DC converter 20, and is a top view schematically illustrating a mounting state on the substrate 90.
- the switching element Q22 and the diode D22 are provided on the substrate 90 in the form of a chip.
- the switching element Q22 and the diode D22 may be joined on the substrate 90 by solder.
- the substrate 90 may be a heat spreader (for example, a copper block), a DBA (Direct Brazed Aluminum) substrate having an aluminum plate or a copper plate on both sides of a ceramic substrate, or the like.
- the switching element Q22 and the diode D22 are connected to each other by the first conducting wire 82.
- the switching element Q22 is an IGBT
- the first conductive wire 82 connects the emitter electrode of the switching element Q22 and the anode electrode of the diode D22.
- the first conductor 82 may be formed of, for example, a tape or a wire. In this case, as shown in FIG. 10, a plurality of (for example, five) first conductive wires 82 may be provided in parallel.
- the first conductive wire 82 may be formed of a metal plate such as the bus bar 80. Note that the black squares in FIG. 10 represent joints (for example, ultrasonic welds or laser welds) of the first conductive wires 82 (the same applies to FIGS. 11 and 12).
- the diode D22 is connected to the bus bar 80 by the second conductive wire 84.
- Bus bar 80 is connected to reactor L1.
- the second conductive wire 84 connects the anode electrode of the diode D ⁇ b> 22 to the bus bar 80.
- the second conducting wire 84 may be formed by a tape or a wire, for example. In this case, as shown in FIG. 10, a plurality of (for example, five) second conductive wires 84 may be provided in parallel. Alternatively, the second conductive wire 84 may be formed of a metal plate such as the bus bar 80. Note that the black squares in FIG. 10 represent joints (for example, ultrasonic welds or laser welds) of the second conductor 84 (the same applies to FIGS. 11 and 12).
- the switching element Q22 and the diode D22 are connected to the positive line of the inverter 30 (the positive side of the smoothing capacitor C2) via another bus bar (not shown).
- the switching element Q22 is an IGBT, and the collector electrode of the switching element Q22 and the cathode electrode of the diode D22 are connected to another bus bar via the substrate 90 and connected to the positive line of the inverter 30.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a mounting method according to a comparative example.
- the switching element Q22 and the diode D22 are connected to the bus bar by a common conductor. That is, one certain conducting wire (tape or wire) connects the emitter electrode of the switching element Q22, the anode electrode of the diode D22, and the bus bar.
- the adjacent arm may break together due to a surge generated in the failed arm.
- the switching element Q24 in the lower arm the switching element Q22 in the upper arm may be damaged due to a surge generated in the lower arm.
- the second conductor 84 is formed separately (independently) from the first conductor 82, and therefore, the first conductor 82 is damaged by the damage of the switching element Q ⁇ b> 22. Although the joint can be peeled off, the second conductor 84 can continue. In other words, the current path of the upper arm is not interrupted, and a state where current can be supplied to the traveling motor 40 is maintained.
- the second conductor 84 is formed separately from the first conductor 82, when the short-arm switching element Q24 is short-circuited, the switching element Q22 is destroyed together. Even in this case, the current supply to the traveling motor 40 can be continued through the second conductive wire 84 (and the diode D22). As a result, the retreat travel by the travel motor 40 becomes possible.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram schematically illustrating another example of the mounting method of the switching element Q22 and the diode D22 of the DC / DC converter 20, and is a top view schematically illustrating the mounting state on the substrate 90.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram schematically illustrating another example of the mounting method of the switching element Q22 and the diode D22 of the DC / DC converter 20, and is a top view schematically illustrating the mounting state on the substrate 90.
- the first conductor 86 connects the emitter electrode of the switching element Q22 and the anode electrode of the diode D22 as well as the anode electrode of the diode D22 and the bus bar 80, as in the comparative example shown in FIG. Connect.
- the second conductor 88 is formed separately from the first conductor 86, and connects the anode electrode of the diode D22 and the bus bar 80.
- the switching element Q22 is shared when the short arm switching element Q24 is short-circuited. Even when accompanying destruction occurs, current supply to the traveling motor 40 can be continued via the second conductor 88 (and the diode D22). As a result, the retreat travel by the travel motor 40 becomes possible.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a power supply device 2B according to another embodiment.
- the power supply device 2B of the present embodiment is different from the above-described embodiment in the configuration of the DC / DC converter 20B.
- the lower arm relay 70 is replaced by a fuse 70B (hereinafter, referred to as a lower arm fuse 70B), and other configurations may be the same.
- the lower arm fuse 70B has a fusing characteristic such that the lower arm switching element Q24 is blown before the power fuse 12 when a short circuit occurs in the lower arm switching element Q24.
- the short arm switching element Q24 is short-circuited, the lower arm fuse 70B is broken before the power fuse 12. Thereby, the short-circuit state of the lower arm can be eliminated, and the overcurrent from the battery 10 can be prevented and the battery 10 can be protected.
- the short arm switching element Q24 is short-circuited, the charge of the capacitor such as the filter capacitor C1 is discharged as described above, so that the capacitor from the battery 10 is charged after the lower arm fuse 70B is blown.
- a relatively large current (a large current when the capacitor is charged when the IG is on) is generated, and the power fuse 12 can be blown due to this current.
- the second fuse relay 74 power can be supplied from the battery 10 to the traveling motor 40 via the second power fuse 72 and the second fuse relay 74.
- the lower arm relay 70 and the second fuse relay 74 do not need to be mechanical switches, and may be replaced by other switches (for example, semiconductor switching elements).
- control device 50 controls the DC / DC converter 20, the lower arm relay 70, and the second fuse relay 74, but only the lower arm relay 70 and the second fuse relay 74 are controlled. May be.
- part or all of the functions for controlling the lower arm relay 70 and the second fuse relay 74 may be realized by another control device different from the control device 50.
- the feedback signal generates various kinds of information in the Hi level and Lo level patterns, but the Hi level and Lo level patterns are arbitrary.
- the feedback signal may be a digital signal or an analog signal.
- the feedback signal includes abnormal status information.
- the feedback signal may be a signal that transmits only a short-circuit fault.
- the microcomputer 510 can determine the presence / absence of a short-circuit failure based only on the presence / absence of reception of a feedback signal.
- the switching elements Q22 and Q24 and the diodes D22 and D24 form a pair of upper and lower arms, respectively, but the switching elements Q22 and Q24 and the diodes D22 and D24 each have two pairs of upper and lower. As described above, two or more pairs of upper and lower arms may be formed.
- the DC / DC converter 20 is not limited to a single-phase upper and lower arm, and may include two or more upper and lower arms.
- the load is the traveling motor 40, but it may be another motor or a load other than the motor.
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Abstract
Description
前記電源の正極と負極との間に直列に接続される上アームのスイッチング素子及び下アームのスイッチング素子と、前記上アームのスイッチング素子と前記下アームのスイッチング素子との間に一端が接続され、他端が前記電源に接続されるリアクトルとを備えるDC/DCコンバータと、
前記下アームのスイッチング素子と前記電源の負極との間に設けられる常態が閉の第1スイッチと、
前記電源の正極と前記リアクトルの他端との間に設けられる電源ヒューズと、
前記電源ヒューズに並列に接続される第2電源ヒューズと、
前記第2電源ヒューズに直列に接続されると共に、前記電源ヒューズに並列に接続される常態が開の第2スイッチと、
前記下アームのスイッチング素子の短絡故障を検出した場合に、前記第1スイッチを開くと共に前記第2スイッチを閉じる制御装置とを含む、電源装置が得られる。
2 電源装置
10 バッテリ
12 電源ヒューズ
20 DC/DCコンバータ
30 インバータ
40 走行用モータ
50 制御装置
70 下アームリレー
72 第2電源ヒューズ
74 第2ヒューズリレー
80 バスバ
82、86 第1導線
84、88 第2導線
510 マイコン
522(522A) 駆動IC
530 ゲート信号用の通信線
540、542 フィードバック信号用の通信線
Claims (9)
- 電源と、
前記電源の正極と負極との間に直列に接続される上アームのスイッチング素子及び下アームのスイッチング素子と、前記上アームのスイッチング素子と前記下アームのスイッチング素子との間に一端が接続され、他端が前記電源に接続されるリアクトルとを備えるDC/DCコンバータと、
前記下アームのスイッチング素子と前記電源の負極との間に設けられる常態が閉の第1スイッチと、
前記電源の正極と前記リアクトルの他端との間に設けられる電源ヒューズと、
前記電源ヒューズに並列に接続される第2電源ヒューズと、
前記第2電源ヒューズに直列に接続されると共に、前記電源ヒューズに並列に接続される常態が開の第2スイッチと、
前記下アームのスイッチング素子の短絡故障を検出した場合に、前記第1スイッチを開くと共に前記第2スイッチを閉じる制御装置とを含む、電源装置。 - 前記制御装置は、前記下アームのスイッチング素子の短絡故障を検出し、且つ、前記電源ヒューズの溶断を検出した場合に、前記第1スイッチを開くと共に前記第2スイッチを閉じる、請求項1に記載の電源装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記第1スイッチを開くと共に前記第2スイッチを閉じ、且つ、前記上アームのスイッチング素子のオン状態を形成する、請求項1又は2に記載の電源装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記上アームのスイッチング素子のオン時に前記上アームのスイッチング素子を流れる電流値に基づいて、前記下アームのスイッチング素子の短絡故障を検出する、請求項1~3のうちのいずれか1項に記載の電源装置。
- 前記電源の正極と負極との間に接続され、前記リアクトルと前記電源ヒューズとの間に一端が接続されるフィルタコンデンサを備え、
前記制御装置は、前記フィルタコンデンサの電圧の低下に基づいて、前記電源ヒューズの溶断を検出する、請求項2に記載の電源装置。 - 前記制御装置からの駆動信号に応じて、前記上アームのスイッチング素子を駆動する上アーム駆動回路と、
前記制御装置からの駆動信号に応じて、前記下アームのスイッチング素子を駆動する下アーム駆動回路と、
前記上アーム駆動回路及び前記下アーム駆動回路と前記制御装置との間に設けられ、前記上アーム駆動回路及び前記下アーム駆動回路から異常情報が送信される通信線とを備え、
前記制御装置は、前記上アーム駆動回路から過電流状態を表す異常情報を受信した場合に、前記下アームのスイッチング素子の短絡故障を検出する、請求項1~5のうちのいずれか1項に記載の電源装置。 - 前記通信線は、所定の電源電圧と前記制御装置との間に接続され、前記上アーム駆動回路によりHiレベル及びLoレベル間で変化される第1通信線と、前記所定の電源電圧に前記第1通信線を介して接続されると共に前記制御装置に接続され、前記下アーム駆動回路によりHiレベル及びLoレベル間で変化される第2通信線とを含み、
前記過電流状態を表す異常情報は、Hiレベル及びLoレベルの所定パターンで生成され、
前記制御装置は、前記第1通信線及び前記第2通信線のうち、前記第1通信線を介して過電流状態を表す異常情報を受信した場合に、前記下アームのスイッチング素子の短絡故障を検出する、請求項6に記載の電源装置。 - 前記上アームのスイッチング素子に並列に接続される上アームのダイオードと、
前記上アームのスイッチング素子の所定電極と前記上アームのダイオードの所定電極とを接続する第1導線と、
前記上アームのダイオードの所定電極と前記リアクトルの他端とを接続し、前記第1導線から分離して形成される第2導線とを備える、請求項1~7のうちのいずれか1項に記載の電源装置。 - 電源と、
前記電源の正極と負極との間に直列に接続される上アームのスイッチング素子及び下アームのスイッチング素子と、前記上アームのスイッチング素子と前記下アームのスイッチング素子との間に一端が接続され、他端が前記電源に接続されるリアクトルとを備えるDC/DCコンバータと、
前記下アームのスイッチング素子と前記電源の負極との間に設けられる下アームヒューズと、
前記電源の正極と前記リアクトルの他端との間に設けられる電源ヒューズと、
前記電源ヒューズに並列に接続される第2電源ヒューズと、
前記第2電源ヒューズに直列に接続されると共に、前記電源ヒューズに並列に接続される常態が開の第2スイッチと、
前記下アームのスイッチング素子の短絡故障を検出した場合に、前記第2スイッチを閉じる制御装置とを含み、
前記下アームヒューズは、前記下アームのスイッチング素子の短絡故障時に、前記電源ヒューズよりも早く溶断する溶断特性を備える、電源装置。
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