WO2014174697A1 - 電力変換装置 - Google Patents
電力変換装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014174697A1 WO2014174697A1 PCT/JP2013/073578 JP2013073578W WO2014174697A1 WO 2014174697 A1 WO2014174697 A1 WO 2014174697A1 JP 2013073578 W JP2013073578 W JP 2013073578W WO 2014174697 A1 WO2014174697 A1 WO 2014174697A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/539—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
- H02M7/5395—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power conversion device.
- Patent Document 1 exists as a document describing conventional power conversion control.
- Patent Document 1 In addition to this Patent Document 1, the following Patent Documents 2 to 4 and Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 are also known documents related to power conversion control, and these documents are appropriately described in the embodiments described later as necessary. Mention.
- the number of “equally spaced pulses” is proportional to the asynchronous carrier frequency Fc and inversely proportional to the fundamental frequency Fi as shown in the equation (3). It is inversely proportional to the rate (amplitude of the modulated wave) A.
- the operation change of the modulation factor A changes more greatly with respect to the increase / decrease rate of the output voltage command value E *. Number fluctuation increases.
- the modulation rate A and output defined by the equation (2)
- the relational expression between the voltage command E * and the voltage command E * is not stored, and there is a problem that a control error of the voltage amplitude or a beat occurs and the inverter output current suddenly changes and pulsates.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to provide a power conversion device that enables stable load operation in a wide voltage operation range while suppressing sudden change and pulsation of an inverter output current. To do.
- the present invention provides an inverter circuit that converts a DC voltage into a multi-phase AC voltage and outputs it, and a gate signal for driving the inverter circuit.
- a switching signal generator that calculates and outputs to the inverter circuit based on the output amplitude command value and the AC voltage output phase angle command value, and the switching signal generator has one cycle of the AC voltage output command.
- the gate signal in the first period (X1) centered on the first phase angle ( ⁇ 1) that is the upper potential, the gate signal is fixed so that the DC input positive terminal voltage value of the inverter circuit is always output, In the second period (X2) centered on the second phase angle ( ⁇ 2: ⁇ 2> ⁇ 1) that is the side potential, the gate signal is fixed so that the DC input negative terminal voltage value of the inverter circuit is always output.
- the second ratio of the fourth period (Y2) obtained by excluding the first and second periods (X1, X2) from the period and the second period X2 is set as a modulation rate command or the AC voltage output amplitude.
- the gate signal set based on the command value is generated, and the gate signal phase angle command condition in the third and fourth periods (Y1, Y2) is the gate signal in the third period (Y1).
- a phase angle for turning on / off the signal, and the first and second The ratio of the phase angle ( ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2) to the average value (( ⁇ 1 + ⁇ 2) / 2) is maintained, and in the fourth period (Y2), the phase angle for turning on / off the gate signal and the average value
- the ratio of the phase angle to the phase angle (( ⁇ 1 + ⁇ 2) / 2 + 180) obtained by shifting the phase angle by 180 degrees is maintained.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the power conversion device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a mode selection method in the first embodiment of the modulation wave selection unit.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the carrier wave generation unit in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the modulated wave generating unit in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5A is a diagram illustrating a waveform of a modulated wave and a carrier wave in the overmodulation PWM mode (modulation factor 0.9).
- FIG. 5B is a diagram illustrating a waveform of the gate signal in the overmodulation PWM mode (modulation factor 0.9).
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the power conversion device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a mode selection method in the first embodiment of the modulation wave selection unit.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the carrier wave generation
- FIG. 6A is a diagram illustrating a waveform of a modulated wave and a carrier wave in the overmodulation PWM mode (modulation rate 0.93).
- FIG. 6B is a diagram illustrating a waveform of the gate signal in the overmodulation PWM mode (modulation factor: 0.93).
- FIG. 7A is a diagram illustrating a waveform of a modulated wave and a carrier wave in the overmodulation PWM mode (modulation rate 0.97).
- FIG. 7-2 is a diagram illustrating a waveform of the gate signal in the overmodulation PWM mode (modulation factor: 0.97).
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the waveform of the gate signal in the 3-dash pulse mode (modulation factor: 0.97).
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a mode selection method in the second embodiment of the modulation wave selection unit.
- FIG. 10A is a diagram illustrating a waveform of a modulated wave and a carrier wave in the overmodulation preparation mode (modulation rate 0.8).
- FIG. 10B is a diagram illustrating a waveform of the gate signal in the overmodulation preparation mode (modulation factor 0.8).
- FIG. 11A is a diagram illustrating a waveform of a modulated wave and a carrier wave in an overmodulation preparation mode (modulation rate 0.8) when performing two-phase modulation.
- FIG. 11B is a diagram illustrating the waveform of the gate signal in the overmodulation preparation mode (modulation factor 0.8) when performing two-phase modulation.
- FIG. 10A is a diagram illustrating a waveform of a modulated wave and a carrier wave in an overmodulation preparation mode (modulation rate 0.8) when performing two-phase modulation.
- FIG. 11B is a diagram illustrating the wave
- FIG. 12A is a diagram illustrating a waveform of a modulated wave and a carrier wave in an overmodulation preparation mode (modulation rate 0.9) when performing two-phase modulation.
- FIG. 12-2 is a diagram illustrating a waveform of a modulated wave and a carrier wave in an overmodulation preparation mode (modulation factor: 0.93) when performing two-phase modulation.
- FIG. 12C is a diagram illustrating the waveform of the modulated wave and the carrier wave in the overmodulation preparation mode (modulation rate 0.97) when performing two-phase modulation.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the power conversion device according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a synchronous PWM switching signal generation unit in the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of the switching phase angle ⁇ x at the low-order harmonic elimination PWM maximum modulation rate according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of the switching phase angle ⁇ in the overmodulation PWM mode (modulation factor 0.97) of the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the power conversion device according to the first embodiment.
- the power conversion device according to the first embodiment includes an inverter circuit 2, a DC voltage source unit 3, a carrier wave generation unit 5, and a modulation wave generation unit as a configuration for driving an AC motor 1 that is a load. 6 and a switching signal generation unit 4 having a comparison unit 7, a modulation factor calculation unit 8, a modulation mode selection unit 9, a voltage detection unit 10, and an AC voltage command generation unit 11.
- the inverter circuit 2 includes a semiconductor switch element (not shown) and has a function of converting DC power supplied from the DC voltage source unit 3 into AC power having a variable voltage and variable frequency and supplying power to the AC motor 1. .
- the voltage detection unit 10 detects a DC voltage value output from the DC voltage source unit 3 and outputs it to the modulation rate calculation unit 8 for the modulation rate calculation described later.
- the above power conversion operation in the inverter circuit 2 is performed by driving a plurality of semiconductor switch elements constituting the inverter circuit 2 by gate signals that are a plurality of switching signals generated by the switching signal generation unit 4.
- the AC voltage command generator 11 generates command values related to the amplitude, phase and frequency of the AC voltage applied to the AC motor 1 by the inverter circuit 2.
- the switching signal generator 4 generates a gate signal for controlling the inverter circuit 2 directly from the AC voltage command generator 11 or based on a signal output via the modulation factor calculator 8 and the modulation mode selector 9. Output.
- the modulation wave generation unit 6 outputs a modulation wave that is an AC waveform signal based on a voltage command as a signal
- the carrier wave generation unit 5 outputs a carrier wave based on a sawtooth wave or a triangular wave as a signal.
- the comparator 7 receives the carrier wave signal and the modulated wave signal, and outputs a gate signal to the inverter circuit 2 based on the magnitude relationship that changes from time to time.
- the inverter circuit 2 is a two-level inverter
- the following signal corresponding to the magnitude relationship between the modulated wave and the carrier wave is generated as a gate signal output to the inverter circuit 2.
- a signal for each phase is generated as a modulated wave, and a comparison between the carrier wave and the modulated wave is performed for each phase.
- a gate signal is generated and output to the inverter circuit 2.
- the gate signal generated by the switching signal generation unit 4 is output to the inverter circuit 2, so-called pulse width modulation (hereinafter abbreviated as “PWM”) is performed, and the DC power is converted into the multiphase AC power. And an AC load such as an AC motor is driven.
- PWM pulse width modulation
- the modulation factor calculation unit 8 calculates the modulation factor PMF by the following equation.
- * in Equation (1.1) is the peak value of the neutral point voltage in three-phase AC, and the maximum voltage that can be output by the inverter circuit is 1 pulse described later.
- This is a definition formula in which the modulation factor PMF in the mode (180 deg energization) is “1”.
- the modulation mode selection unit 9 selects one of the modulation modes (1) to (3) shown in the following Table 1 in accordance with the modulation factor PMF according to the equation (1.1).
- the relationship between this selection method and operating conditions is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 2 is a typical example when the output of the inverter circuit 2 is an AC motor.
- the vertical axis represents the modulation factor PMF, and the horizontal axis represents the output voltage frequency command value FinV * .
- FinV * is substantially proportional to the rotational speed of the AC motor 1, but when FinV * ⁇ F3, the modulation rate changes to a maximum fixed value of 1.0.
- the modulation rate range is assumed.
- the output voltage frequency command value is generally as shown in Table 1 or FIG.
- the magnitude of the modulation factor PMF is proportional to the amount of transient magnetic flux when the magnetic flux is started up such as when the inverter circuit 2 or the AC motor 1 is started. Therefore, the mode selection is more finely selected according to the modulation factor PMF.
- the modulation mode can be selected in accordance with the actual operation.
- the modulation mode selection unit 9 outputs the mode selected as shown in Table 1 and FIG. 2 to the switching signal generation unit 4 as a modulation mode signal (mode).
- the carrier wave generation unit 5 and the modulation wave generation unit 6 each have a carrier wave / modulation wave generation unit for each modulation mode, as shown in FIGS.
- ⁇ Modulation mode signal asynchronous PWM mode>
- Asynchronous PWM carrier wave generation unit 50a computes and outputs a carrier wave that does not depend on output voltage phase angle command value ⁇ * , for example, a triangular wave with a period of 1 kHz constant and an amplitude of 1, and as a modulation mode signal, asynchronous PWM of region (1)
- the mode is input, it is output as the output of the carrier wave generation unit 5 by the output switching in the carrier wave selection unit 51.
- a carrier wave signal such as the following formula (1.2) or formula (1.3) is generated according to the output voltage phase angle command value ⁇ * and the modulation factor PMF, for example.
- the output is output as the modulation wave generation unit 6 by switching the output in the modulation wave selection unit 61.
- the carrier wave and the modulated wave thus obtained are compared in the comparison unit 7 for each phase according to the magnitude relationship between the carrier wave and the modulated wave, for example, as described above (i) and (ii).
- This process is also a known inverter driving technique described in Non-Patent Document 1 described above.
- ⁇ Modulation mode signal In overmodulation PWM mode>
- 5-1, 6-1 and 7-1 show the carrier wave output from the overmodulation PWM carrier wave generation unit 50b and the modulation wave output from the overmodulation PWM modulation wave generation unit 60b. The cases of 0.9, 0.93, and 0.97 are shown.
- FIG. 5B, FIG. 6B, and FIG. 7B illustrate the overmodulation PWM carrier wave generation unit 50b and the overmodulation PWM modulation wave illustrated in FIG. 5-1, FIG.
- the result of comparing the output of the generation unit 60b with the comparison unit 7 to obtain a gate signal is shown.
- the value of the period for selecting the upper potential of the DC voltage input is “1”, and the lower potential of the DC voltage input is selected.
- the value of the period is “0”.
- the inverter circuit 2 performs on / off control of the semiconductor switch element of each phase according to the gate signal of each phase.
- the overmodulation PWM carrier wave generation unit 50b calculates the carrier wave with reference to the output voltage phase angle command value ⁇ * so as to be synchronized with the modulation wave generated by the overmodulation PWM modulation wave generation unit 60b. Output. More specifically, the synchronous carrier wave is generated so that the zero-cross phase of the carrier wave and the zero-cross phase of the modulated wave overlap so that even-numbered harmonics do not occur in the pulse waveform resulting from the modulation. In the example of 5-1, the calculation is performed so that the carrier wave is generated in synchronization with the triangular wave of 15 periods per one period of the modulated wave. By doing so, it is possible to smooth the transition to the operating condition at a higher modulation rate described later.
- the center of the U phase ⁇ * 270 [deg]
- the center of the V phase ⁇ * 30 [deg]
- the period Y1 is a period sandwiched between the period X1 and the period X2. In this period, in the horizontal axis ( ⁇ * ) direction, both the modulated wave and the carrier wave are reduced in waveform as the modulation rate increases.
- the period Y2 is a period between the period X2 and the period X1. In this period, in the horizontal axis ( ⁇ * ) direction, both the modulated wave and the carrier wave are reduced in waveform as the modulation rate increases.
- Table 2 below summarizes the calculation signals calculated by the overmodulation PWM carrier wave generation unit 50b described above.
- Table 3 below summarizes the calculation signals calculated by the modulation wave generator 60b for overmodulation PWM.
- ⁇ u_x1, ⁇ u_x2, ⁇ u_y1, and ⁇ u_y2 are signals calculated during periods X1, X2, Y1, and Y2, respectively.
- the U-phase modulation waves are 120 [deg] and 240 [deg] on the ⁇ * basis, respectively. ]
- the shifted waveform becomes the V-phase and W-phase calculation signals.
- the switching pause period ⁇ x is a function of the modulation factor PMF.
- PMF PMF_1
- ⁇ x 0 [deg]
- PMF 1.0
- ⁇ x 90 [deg] (180 [deg] energization, 1 pulse mode) It becomes.
- ⁇ x is sequentially calculated by substituting the modulation factor PMF sequentially into the function, or the function is converted into map data in advance, this map data is referred to according to the modulation factor PMF, and the reference value is shown in Table 2 above.
- ⁇ Modulation mode signal 3-dash pulse mode>
- a 3-dash pulse mode selected when the modulation rate is high for example, when the modulation rate is 0.97 or higher will be described.
- the 3-dash pulse mode is only switched three times (ON ⁇ OFF ⁇ ON or OFF ⁇ ON ⁇ OFF) during the period Y (Y1, Y2) of each phase. This is a pulse mode.
- An example of this switching pattern is shown in FIG.
- the 3-dash pulse mode of the region (3) is selected by the modulation mode selection unit 9
- the 3-dash pulse carrier wave generation unit 50c and the 3-dash pulse modulation wave generation unit 60c are selected, respectively, and their outputs are compared with each other. 7 is obtained by the comparison according to 7.
- the generation method of the 3-dash pulse mode in the 2-level inverter is a known technique as described in Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 described above, and further detailed description thereof is omitted here.
- this three-dash pulse mode is selected under the condition that the modulation factor approaches 1 for the following reason.
- the overmodulation PWM mode when the modulation factor PMF (AC voltage output amplitude command value
- the modulation factor PMF AC voltage output amplitude command value
- the transition from the overmodulation mode in the region (2) to the three-dash pulse mode in the region (3) is performed under conditions where the modulation factor is close to 1, specifically, a modulation factor of 97% or more.
- the modulation factor is close to 1, specifically, a modulation factor of 97% or more.
- the gate signal As described above, according to the power conversion device of the first embodiment, as the gate signal to each phase, in the period X1 centering on the phase angle ⁇ 1 that is the upper potential in one cycle of the AC voltage output command, the gate signal is fixed so that the DC input positive terminal voltage value of the inverter circuit 2 is always output, and the DC input negative terminal voltage value of the inverter circuit 2 is set in the period X2 centered on the phase angle ⁇ 2 that is the lower potential.
- the gate signal is fixed so that it is always output, and the ratio (first ratio) between the period Y1 and the period X1 excluding the periods X1 and X2 from the period between the phase angle ⁇ 1 and the phase angle ⁇ 2, and the phase angle ⁇ 2
- the ratio (second ratio) between the period Y2 and the period X2 excluding the periods X1 and X2 from the period between the phase angle ⁇ 1 + 360 [deg] is the modulation factor command PMF or the AC voltage output amplitude command value
- the overmodulation control region Therefore, it is possible to further improve the follow-up performance to the AC voltage output amplitude command change.
- the carrier wave value in the boundary phase angle condition of each of the periods X1, Y1, X2, and Y2 is set to the upper limit value or the lower limit value and a non-discontinuous carrier wave is output, it cannot be output by an actual inverter circuit.
- the voltage control accuracy can be improved, and the controllability can be maintained while suppressing the switching loss of the inverter circuit.
- the operation based on the asynchronous PWM which is the conventional technology is selected under the operating condition in which the overmodulation operation is unnecessary, and the overmodulation mode is selected under the operating condition suitable for the overmodulation operation.
- the operation is performed by selecting the item, it is possible to perform the operation while suppressing the harmonic loss of the load under each operation condition.
- the modulation rate is determined to be 95 to 97% or more and the operation is performed by selecting the so-called 3-dash pulse mode, the pulse width becomes extremely narrow and the control exceeds the control resolution of the inverter circuit. It is possible to make a transition to the 3-dash pulse mode that can prevent the switching loss and suppress the switching loss without extremely changing the voltage distortion rate.
- the carrier wave generation unit is provided with an asynchronous PWM mode carrier wave generation unit and an over modulation mode carrier wave generation unit
- the modulation wave generation unit is provided with an asynchronous PWM mode modulation wave generation unit and an over modulation PWM mode modulation wave generation unit. If these individual components are appropriately switched according to the modulation mode signal, smooth mode transition is possible.
- Embodiment 2 the lower limit value PMF_1 of the modulation rate range in which the overmodulation PWM mode in the region (2) is selected is set to 0.9069 in the relationship between the selection ranges of the modulation modes shown in FIG. In the lower modulation rate range, the asynchronous PWM mode of the region (1) is selected.
- the region (2) a shown in FIG.
- the modulation mode selection unit 9 determines the modulation mode according to the modulation rate condition, and the carrier wave generation unit 5 and the modulation wave generation unit 6 send the overmodulation preparation of the region (2) a as the modulation mode signal. This is an embodiment for outputting a mode signal.
- the overmodulation preparation mode in the region (2) a, the overmodulation PWM mode in the region (2), and the 3-dash pulse mode in the region (3) in this application generate a gate signal synchronized with the output voltage phase angle command value ⁇ *. This is based on a so-called synchronous PWM system.
- the overmodulation PWM carrier wave generation unit 50b and the overmodulation PWM modulation wave generation unit 60b each execute the following processing.
- the carrier wave and the modulation wave output in the overmodulation preparation mode by the overmodulation PWM carrier wave generation unit 50b and the overmodulation PWM modulation wave generation unit 60b The waveform is shown in FIG. 10-1, and the waveform of the gate signal when the modulation factor is 0.8 is shown in FIG. 10-2.
- the former When it is necessary to distinguish between the carrier wave generated in the overmodulation preparation mode of region (2) a and the carrier wave generated in the overmodulation PWM mode of region (2), the former is referred to as the first carrier wave for convenience.
- the latter is called the second carrier wave.
- the former when it is necessary to distinguish between the modulated wave generated in the overmodulation preparation mode of the region (2) a and the modulated wave generated in the overmodulation PWM mode of the region (2), the former is set as the first.
- the second modulation wave is referred to as the second modulation wave.
- the overmodulation PWM carrier wave generation unit 50b calculates and outputs a triangular wave carrier wave as shown in FIG. This waveform is the same as that shown in FIG. That is, the overmodulation PWM carrier wave generation unit 50b calculates and outputs a synchronous carrier wave that is similarly 0 at the time of zero crossing of the modulated wave in synchronization with the output voltage phase angle command value ⁇ * .
- the state at this time is equivalent to the state in which ⁇ x described in Embodiment 1 is always 0.
- the modulation wave generating unit 60b for overmodulation PWM is based on the equation (1.3), and the three-phase is obtained by performing the amplitude operation according to the modulation factor PMF as in the asynchronous PWM mode of the region (1). Calculates and outputs the modulated wave.
- overmodulation PWM carrier wave generation unit 50b and overmodulation PWM modulation wave generation unit 60b when PMF PMF_1.
- the carrier wave and the modulated wave generated by the above can both have the waveform shown in FIG. 5-1, and smooth transitions between modes are possible.
- the true switching point PMF_0 shown in FIG. 9 may have a certain range for stable mode switching.
- the region is lower than the modulation rate condition PMF_1 for changing to the overmodulation PWM mode in the region (2).
- the control for changing to the overmodulation preparatory mode in the region (2) a is once performed in consideration of the synchronization condition of ⁇ * .
- the transition from the asynchronous PWM mode to the overmodulation PWM mode (and the reverse transition thereof) is made to pass through the overmodulation preparation mode, it is not intended. Smooth modulation mode transition is possible while suppressing generation of a gate signal and waveform distortion of the final output voltage of the inverter circuit.
- Embodiment 3 FIG.
- the method based on the equation (1.3) is shown as the modulation wave calculated by the modulation wave generator 6, but the method based on the modulation wave shown in the equation (1.2) is used.
- the upper limit of the modulation rate that can be output in the normal triangular wave carrier comparison that is, the lower limit value PMF_1 of the modulation rate range that should be assumed by the overmodulation PWM mode in region (2) is smaller than those in the first and second embodiments. Note that (see Table 4 below).
- the signals calculated by the overmodulation PWM modulation wave generation unit 60b at this time are as shown in Table 5 below.
- the U-phase modulated waves are 120 [deg] and 240 [deg] on the ⁇ * basis, respectively.
- the shifted waveform becomes the V-phase and W-phase calculation signals.
- ⁇ x is sequentially calculated by substituting the sequential modulation factor PMF into the function, or the function is converted into map data in advance and referred to in accordance with the modulation factor PMF, and the reference value is expressed by the equations in Table 5 and Table 2 above.
- the modulated wave and the carrier wave can be calculated.
- Embodiment 4 As a PWM technique for a three-phase AC load, there is a technique called so-called two-phase modulation whose main purpose is to reduce inverter circuit loss. Similar to the third-order harmonic superimposition described in Equation (1.3), the line voltage remains unchanged even when the three-phase common voltage signal is superimposed on each phase voltage. This is a technology that uses a period in which each phase alternately stops switching.
- the modulation wave generator 60b for overmodulation PWM calculates the modulation waves ⁇ u, ⁇ v, ⁇ w using the following equations.
- ⁇ u_n, ⁇ v_n, and ⁇ w_n in the above equation are calculated using the following equations, and ⁇ 2ph is selected according to the following Table 6.
- FIG. 11A shows a waveform of a modulated wave using the control method according to the fourth embodiment.
- the waveform of the carrier wave synchronized with the output voltage phase angle command value ⁇ * is also shown.
- Table 6 by selecting the three-phase common signal ⁇ 2ph, as shown in FIG. 11-1, a section where the modulated wave is always “1” and a section where “ ⁇ 1” is always set are provided for each phase. Therefore, as a comparison result by the comparison unit 7 with the carrier wave, as shown in FIG.
- Two-phase modulation is a technique that can improve the upper limit of the modulation rate as compared with modulation by a general modulation wave shown in equation (1.2), similar to the third-order harmonic superposition shown in equation (1.3).
- Table 7 below shows output signal generation methods in the overmodulation PWM modulation wave generation unit 60b when the overmodulation PWM mode in the region (2) is selected based on the modulation rate condition. Examples of output signals are shown in FIGS. 12-1 to 12-3.
- ⁇ x is sequentially calculated by substituting the sequential modulation rate PMF into the function, or the function is converted into map data in advance, this map data is referred to according to the modulation rate PMF, and the reference value is shown in Table 7 above.
- the switching pause period is defined as the periods X1 and X2 in the present application, and the modulation factor PMF is used. Since it was decided to operate, over-modulation exceeding the upper limit of modulation factor “ ⁇ / (2 ⁇ 3)” that enables the original two-phase modulation is possible while reducing the switching loss of the inverter circuit 2 In addition, a smooth transition up to a modulation factor of 1 is possible.
- Embodiment 5 in any PWM mode, the carrier wave generation unit 5 and the modulation wave generation unit 6 are provided, and the gate signal is obtained by comparing the carrier wave and the modulation wave.
- a PWM modulation method that is not based on comparison with a modulated wave is also widely known.
- the overmodulation preparation mode in the region (2) a, the overmodulation PWM mode in the region (2), and the 3-dash pulse mode in the region (3) in this application are gate signals synchronized with the output voltage phase angle command value ⁇ *.
- the relationship between the phase angle that each phase should switch and the output voltage phase angle command value ⁇ * can be uniquely determined by the modulation factor PMF, and can be mapped in advance. is there.
- modulation rate PMF is set in advance for overmodulation PWM carrier wave generation unit 50b, overmodulation PWM modulation wave generation unit 60b, and comparison unit 7 in the first to fourth embodiments. If the switching generation phase angle in the case of changing from 0 to 1 is recorded and mapped by simulation work, the switching generation phase angle can be obtained by using the modulation factor PMF as an argument.
- FIG. 13 shows a configuration that does not depend on a comparison between a carrier wave and a modulated wave.
- the configuration of the switching signal generation unit 4b is different, but the switching command SW_uvw that is finally generated is different from the above-described embodiments. It is the same.
- the switching signal generation unit 4b includes an asynchronous PWM switching signal generation unit 41, a synchronous PWM switching signal generation unit 42, and a switching signal selection unit 43 that selects a gate signal output from them according to a modulation mode.
- Asynchronous PWM switching signal generator 41 may use a technique such as “instantaneous space flux linkage number vector circle locus PWM” shown on page 47 of Non-Patent Document 1 or other implementation. Similarly to the embodiment, a method of comparing with a carrier wave and a modulated wave for asynchronous PWM may be used.
- the synchronous PWM switching signal generation unit 42 can be configured as shown in FIG. 14, for example.
- the synchronous PWM switching signal generation unit 42 is a switching characteristic map 45 that maps the relationship between the modulation rate that can be obtained in advance and the switching generation phase angle, as exemplified above, and a switching characteristic map.
- the switching output determination unit 46 outputs a synchronous PWM switching signal by comparing the switching phase angle of each phase U, V, W output by the output 45 with the output voltage phase angle command value ⁇ * .
- the gate signals of the overmodulation preparation mode, the overmodulation PWM mode, and the 3-dash pulse mode are output by quoting the switching characteristic map from the modulation factor PMF without constantly calculating the modulation wave and the carrier wave.
- Embodiment 6 FIG.
- any modulation method can be selected as long as it is a so-called synchronous PWM.
- a switching characteristic map for the overmodulation preparation mode in the region (2) a a so-called low-order harmonic elimination PWM (which performs control for suppressing or eliminating a specific-order harmonic from the PWM output voltage of the inverter circuit 2 is performed.
- Patent Document 5 it is possible to use the above-mentioned Patent Document 5), and this embodiment will be described as Embodiment 6.
- the modulation factor upper limit value in the low-order harmonic elimination PWM is PWM_x
- the switching waveform at this time is as shown in FIG. 15, for example.
- a switching characteristic map for overmodulation PWM can be created as follows.
- the switching characteristic map diagram when PMF> PMF_x or more the periods X1, Y1, X2, and Y2 similar to those in FIGS. 6-2 and 7-2 are expressed as voltage phase angle command values.
- ⁇ * is defined on the basis of 0, 90, 180, 270 [deg] (in the case of U phase).
- ⁇ x ( ⁇ x1, ⁇ x2, ⁇ x3,... ⁇ xn) is reduced by (90 ⁇ x) / 90 around 0 [deg] and 180 [deg].
- ⁇ ( ⁇ x) ( ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3,... ⁇ n) is set.
- Embodiment 7 FIG. In the first to sixth embodiments, the case where the inverter circuit 2 has two levels has been described. However, the same function can be configured even when the inverter circuit 2 has a so-called multi-level.
- the carrier wave generation unit is for three levels
- the carrier wave generation unit 5 has two types of carrier waves for the upper element and the lower element.
- a carrier wave is output, and a gate signal is obtained by comparison with the modulated wave. Note that the gate signal at this time takes any one of the three levels of the upper potential “+1”, the middle potential “0”, and the lower potential “ ⁇ 1” with respect to the DC input voltage.
- the three-level asynchronous PWM mode (region (1) ) Operates with a three-level overmodulation preparation mode (region (2) a), a three-level overmodulation PWM mode (region (2)) and a one-dash pulse mode (region (3)).
- the asynchronous PWM carrier generation unit 50a in the carrier generation unit 5 outputs an upper element carrier and a lower element carrier that are asynchronous with the voltage phase angle command value ⁇ * .
- the overmodulation PWM carrier generation unit 50b in the carrier generation unit 5 outputs the upper element carrier and the lower element carrier synchronized with the voltage phase angle command value ⁇ * .
- the overmodulation PWM carrier wave generation unit 50b defines periods Y2, X1, Y2, and X1 centered at 0, 90, 180, and 270 [deg] (in the case of the U phase).
- the upper element carrier wave and the lower element carrier wave for which ⁇ x corresponding to the modulation factor is operated are output.
- the behavior of the asynchronous PWM modulation wave generator 60a and the overmodulation PWM modulation wave generator 60b is the same as that of the second embodiment.
- the power conversion device of the seventh embodiment it is possible to improve the follow-up performance with respect to the change in the AC voltage output amplitude command even in the overmodulation control in the multilevel inverter.
- an inverter circuit is used in a first period (X1) centered on a first phase angle ( ⁇ 1) that is an upper potential in one cycle of an AC voltage output command for each phase.
- the gate signal is fixed so that the DC input positive terminal voltage value of 2 is always output.
- the gate signal is fixed so that the DC input negative terminal voltage value of the inverter circuit 2 is always output, and the first and second phase periods are between the first phase angle ( ⁇ 1) and the second phase angle ( ⁇ 2).
- the first ratio by the third period (Y1) and the first period (X1) excluding the period (X1, X2) and the second phase angle ( ⁇ 2) and the first phase angle ( ⁇ 1) To the first and second periods from the period between the phase angle ( ⁇ 1 + 360) shifted 360 degrees in the positive direction While generating a gate signal in which the second ratio of the fourth period (Y2) excluding (X1, X2) and the second period X2 is set based on the modulation rate command or the AC voltage output amplitude command value
- a phase angle command condition for the gate signal in the third and fourth periods (Y1, Y2) in the third period (Y1), the phase angle for turning on / off the gate signal, and the first and second
- the ratio of the phase angle ( ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2) to the average value (( ⁇ 1 + ⁇ 2) / 2) is maintained, and in the fourth period (Y2), the phase angle for turning on / off the gate signal and the phase angle of the average value
- the follow-up performance to the change of the AC voltage output amplitude command The effect which improves can be acquired.
- the AC voltage output amplitude command value is divided by the input DC voltage, and a modulation factor calculation unit that calculates and outputs the modulation factor command is provided.
- the switching signal generation unit includes periods X1, X2 that occupy one cycle of the AC voltage output command, You may make it output the gate signal which set the ratio of period Y1, Y2 based on the modulation
- the magnitude of the modulated wave output from the modulated wave generation unit is set to the upper limit value of the carrier wave output from the carrier wave generation unit.
- the magnitude of the modulated wave output from the modulated wave generation unit is fixed to be equal to or lower than the lower limit value of the carrier wave output from the carrier wave generation unit in the second period (X2).
- the carrier wave output from the carrier wave generation unit, the modulation wave output from the modulation wave generation unit above the upper limit value, and the modulation wave output from the modulation wave generation unit are AC voltage output amplitude commands
- the power conversion device configured as described above it is possible to further improve the follow-up performance with respect to a change in the AC voltage output amplitude command.
- a sine wave may be output as a modulated wave in the third and fourth periods (Y1, Y2), or a signal common to three phases may be added to the sine wave. May be superimposed. According to the power conversion device configured as described above, it is possible to improve the degree of freedom in setting the operation range of overmodulation control.
- the value of the carrier wave in the boundary phase angle condition in each of the first to fourth periods (X1, X2, Y1, Y2) is An upper limit value or a lower limit value may be used, and a non-discontinuous carrier wave may be generated and output. According to the power converter configured as described above, it is possible to improve the voltage control accuracy by avoiding the output of a short voltage pulse that cannot be output by an actual inverter circuit, and to reduce the switching loss of the inverter circuit. It becomes possible to maintain controllability while suppressing.
- the power conversion device when the AC voltage output amplitude command exists within the range of the preset voltage amplitude setting range, it is within the range of the preset modulation rate setting range.
- the overmodulation mode is activated either when the modulation rate command is present in the operating condition or when the AC voltage output fundamental frequency is within the preset AC voltage output fundamental frequency setting range.
- the first to fourth periods (X1, X2, Y1, Y2) are set to the AC voltage output amplitude command, the modulation rate command, and the AC voltage output fundamental wave frequency. It is possible to configure a power conversion device that operates to output a gate pulse signal obtained by setting based on this.
- the operation according to the conventional technique is performed under an operation condition in which the overmodulation operation is unnecessary, and the operation is performed by selecting the overmodulation mode under the operation condition where the overmodulation operation is suitable.
- the operation is possible to operate while suppressing the harmonic loss of the load under each operating condition.
- the inverter circuit is a two-level inverter
- the modulation rate is determined to be 95% or more
- the third and fourth periods (Y1, Y2) When the 3-dash pulse mode in which the number of times of switching is only 3 is selected and this 3-dash pulse mode is selected, the first and third periods (X1, Y1) of one cycle of the AC voltage output command are selected.
- Boundary, boundary between the third and second periods (Y2, X2), boundary between the second and fourth periods (X2, Y2), boundary between the fourth and first periods (Y2, X1), second A power conversion device that operates to output a gate signal for performing switching control six times in total in the center of the period (Y1) and the center of the fourth period (Y2) can be configured.
- the pulse width in the overmodulation mode is extremely narrow, and it is possible to prevent the control from exceeding the control resolution of the inverter unit and to change the distortion factor of the voltage extremely. It is possible to make a transition to the 3-dash pulse mode that can suppress switching loss.
- an AC voltage output amplitude command exists in a range that falls below a preset voltage amplitude setting threshold.
- the modulation rate command exists in a range below a preset modulation factor setting threshold, or when the AC voltage output fundamental wave falls below a preset AC voltage output fundamental frequency setting threshold.
- the synchronous PWM mode is selected at any of the operating conditions where the frequency exists, and this synchronous PWM mode is selected, the number of switchings in one cycle of the AC voltage output command is synchronized with the AC voltage output phase angle command. It is possible to configure a power conversion device that operates so as to output a gate signal in which is constant. According to the power conversion device configured as described above, in an operation region where overmodulation is unnecessary, an effect that it is possible to cope with a wide range of practically necessary operating conditions can be obtained by performing the conventional synchronous PWM.
- an AC voltage output amplitude command exists in a range that falls below a preset voltage amplitude setting threshold.
- the modulation rate command exists in a range below a preset modulation factor setting threshold, or when the AC voltage output fundamental wave falls below a preset AC voltage output fundamental frequency setting threshold
- Asynchronous PWM mode is selected at any of the operating conditions where the frequency exists, and when this asynchronous PWM mode is selected, a gate signal is output so that the number of switching times per unit time is a predetermined value.
- An operating power converter can be configured.
- the power conversion device configured as described above, in an operation region where overmodulation is unnecessary, by performing the conventional asynchronous PWM, wide operating conditions necessary for practical use, in particular, a low frequency region including a fundamental frequency of 0. The effect that it becomes possible to respond to driving is included.
- the configurations shown in the above first to seventh embodiments are examples of the configuration of the present invention, and can be combined with known techniques other than the above-described prior art documents and do not depart from the gist of the present invention. Needless to say, it is possible to change the configuration such as omitting a part.
- the present invention is useful as a power converter that enables stable load operation in a wide voltage operation range while suppressing sudden change and pulsation of the inverter output current.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、実施の形態1における電力変換装置の構成を示す図である。同図に示すように、実施の形態1の電力変換装置は、負荷である交流電動機1を駆動するための構成として、インバータ回路2、直流電圧源部3、搬送波生成部5、変調波生成部6および比較部7を有するスイッチング信号生成部4、変調率演算部8、変調モード選択部9、電圧検出部10ならびに、交流電圧指令生成部11を備えて構成される。
直流電圧入力の上電位がゲート信号として選択される。
(ii)変調波<搬送波である期間
直流電圧入力の下電位がゲート信号として選択される。
非同期PWM用搬送波生成部50aは、出力電圧位相角指令値θ*に依存しない搬送波、例えば周期1kHz一定、振幅1の三角波を演算出力しており、変調モード信号として、領域(1)の非同期PWMモードが入力された場合、搬送波選択部51での出力切り替えにより、搬送波生成部5の出力として出力される。
つぎに、本願の最大の特徴となる過変調PWMモードについて説明する。図5-1、図6-1および図7-1は、過変調PWM用搬送波生成部50bが出力する搬送波、および過変調PWM用変調波生成部60bが出力する変調波を、変調率PMFが0.9、0.93、0.97の場合について示したものである。
変調率PMF=π/(2√3)=0.9069を式(1.3)に代入すると、UVW相それぞれの変調波の波高値がほぼ1となる。すなわち、最大値「+1」、最小値「-1」の三角波である搬送波と比較して変調を行うことができる最大の変調率が0.9近傍となる。通常の三角波またはのこぎり波の搬送波と変調波とを比較して行うPWMより、高い変調率(高い出力電圧振幅)を得る変調手法が、いわゆる過変調と呼ばれる。そこで、本実施の形態1における過変調PWMモードの使用変調率範囲の下限値、すなわち表1におけるPMF_1を、次式のように設定する。
図6-1は、実施の形態1にて変調率PMF=0.93とした場合の、搬送波と変調波である。以下のように、期間X1,X2,Y1,Y2を、各相毎に定義した結果の図を示している。
PMF=PMF_1のときΔx=0[deg]
PMF=1.0のときΔx=90[deg](180[deg]通電、1パルスモード)
となる。
最後に、変調率が高い領域、例えば変調率0.97以上の場合に選択する3ダッシュパルスモードについて説明する。
実施の形態1は、図2に示す各変調モードの選択範囲の関係において、領域(2)の過変調PWMモードが選択される変調率範囲の下限値PMF_1を0.9069に設定し、この値より低い変調率の範囲では、領域(1)の非同期PWMモードが選択される実施の形態であった。これに対し、実施の形態2は、図9に示す領域(2)aのように、変調率PMFがPMF_1以下の領域において、この変調率PMFがPMF_0<PMF≦PMF_1を満たす領域を「過変調準備モード」として定義し、変調モード選択部9が変調率条件に応じた変調モードを判別し、搬送波生成部5および変調波生成部6に、変調モード信号として領域(2)aの過変調準備モード信号を出力する実施の形態である。本願における領域(2)aの過変調準備モード、領域(2)の過変調PWMモードおよび、領域(3)の3ダッシュパルスモードは、出力電圧位相角指令値θ*に同期したゲート信号を生成する、いわゆる同期PWM方式に基づいている。
実施の形態1,2では、変調波生成部6が算出する変調波として、式(1.3)に基づいた手法を示したが、式(1.2)に示した変調波に基づいた手法でも同様の構成が可能である。この場合には、通常の三角波キャリア比較で出力可能な変調率上限、すなわち領域(2)の過変調PWMモードが担うべき変調率範囲の下限値PMF_1が、実施の形態1,2より小さい値となる(下記表4を参照)ことに注意が必要である。
三相交流負荷に対するPWM技術として、インバータ回路の損失低減を主目的としたいわゆる二相変調と呼ばれる技術がある。これは、式(1.3)で述べた三次調波重畳と同様に、三相共通の電圧信号が各相電圧に重畳されても、線間電圧は不変となる三相交流電圧の特性を利用し、各相が交互にスイッチングを休止する期間を設ける技術である。
実施の形態1~4では、何れのPWMモードにおいても、搬送波生成部5および変調波生成部6を設け、搬送波と変調波とを比較することによりゲート信号を得る形態であったが、搬送波と変調波との比較によらないPWM変調方法も広く知られている。特に、本願における領域(2)aの過変調準備モード、領域(2)の過変調PWMモードおよび、領域(3)の3ダッシュパルスモードは、出力電圧位相角指令値θ*に同期したゲート信号を生成する、いわゆる同期PWM方式に基づいており、各相がスイッチングすべき位相角と出力電圧位相角指令値θ*との関係は、変調率PMFによって一意に決定でき、あらかじめマップ化が可能である。
実施の形態5の電力変換装置では、スイッチング特性マップを用いてゲート信号を生成させるため、いわゆる同期PWMであれば、あらゆる変調手法が選択可能であった。例えば、領域(2)aの過変調準備モード用のスイッチング特性マップとして、インバータ回路2のPWM出力電圧から特定の次数の高調波を抑制または削除する制御を行う、いわゆる低次高調波削除PWM(詳細な内容は、上記特許文献5を参照)を用いることが可能であり、この形態を実施の形態6として説明する。
・PMF=PMF_xでは、Δx=0
・PMF=1(1パルスモード)では、Δx=90deg
と定義する。
実施の形態1~6では、インバータ回路2が2レベルである場合について説明したが、インバータ回路2が、いわゆるマルチレベルである場合にも、同様の機能を構成することは可能である。
搬送波生成部5における非同期PWM用搬送波生成部50aは、電圧位相角指令値θ*とは非同期である上側素子用搬送波および下側素子用搬送波を出力する。
搬送波生成部5における過変調PWM用搬送波生成部50bは、電圧位相角指令値θ*と同期した上側素子用搬送波および下側素子用搬送波を出力する。
過変調PWM用搬送波生成部50bは、図16に示すように、0,90,180,270[deg]をそれぞれ中心とする期間Y2,X1,Y2,X1を定義(U相の場合)すると共に、変調率に応じたΔxを操作した上側素子用搬送波および下側素子用搬送波を出力する。
実施の形態1で説明した3ダッシュパルスモードと同様、やみくもに期間の短いスイッチングパルスを出力することはインバータ回路2の制約で不可能であるため、変調率が1近傍の領域(例えば0.95~0.97を超えた領域)では、期間Y1,Y2のスイッチング回数を最小限にするモードとする。3レベルインバータの場合、例えば上記特許文献6に開示された技術を用いれば、パルス幅可変の1パルスを出力することが可能であり、これを2レベルインバータの場合の3ダッシュパルスモードの代わりに使用すれば、領域(2)における3レベル過変調モードからの円滑な遷移が可能となる。
Claims (12)
- 直流電圧を多相の交流電圧に変換して出力するインバータ回路と、
前記インバータ回路を駆動するためのゲート信号を、交流電圧出力振幅指令値と、交流電圧出力位相角指令値とに基づいて算出して前記インバータ回路に出力するスイッチング信号生成部と、
を備え、
前記スイッチング信号生成部は、
交流電圧出力指令の1周期のうち、上側電位となる第1の位相角(θ1)を中心とする第1の期間(X1)では、前記インバータ回路の直流入力正側端子電圧値を常時出力するようゲート信号を固定し、下側電位となる第2の位相角(θ2:θ2>θ1)を中心とする第2の期間(X2)では、前記インバータ回路の直流入力負側端子電圧値を常時出力するようゲート信号を固定し、前記第1の位相角(θ1)と前記第2の位相角(θ2)との間の期間から前記第1および第2の期間(X1,X2)を除いた第3の期間(Y1)と前記第1の期間(X1)とによる第1の比率ならびに、前記第2の位相角(θ2)と前記第1の位相角(θ1)を正方向に360度シフトした位相角(θ1+360)との間の期間から前記第1および第2の期間(X1,X2)を除いた第4の期間(Y2)と前記第2の期間X2とによる第2の比率を、変調率指令もしくは前記交流電圧出力振幅指令値に基づいて設定したゲート信号を生成すると共に、
前記第3および第4の期間(Y1,Y2)におけるゲート信号の位相角指令条件として、
前記第3の期間(Y1)においては、前記ゲート信号をオン/オフさせる位相角と、前記第1および第2の位相角(θ1,θ2)の平均値((θ1+θ2)/2)との比率を維持し、
前記第4の期間(Y2)においては、前記ゲート信号をオン/オフさせる位相角と、前記平均値の位相角を180度シフトした位相角((θ1+θ2)/2+180)との比を維持する
ことを特徴とする電力変換装置。 - 前記スイッチング信号生成部には、前記交流電圧出力振幅指令値を前記直流電圧で除して変調率指令を算出する変調率演算部が設けられ、
前記スイッチング信号生成部は、前記第1および第2の比率を、前記変調率演算部が出力する変調率指令に基づいて設定したゲート信号を出力することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記スイッチング信号生成部は、
前記交流電圧出力振幅指令値および前記交流電圧出力位相角指令値に基づいて変調波を算出する変調波生成部と、
前記交流電圧出力位相角指令から搬送波を算出する搬送波生成部と、
を備え、
前記第1の期間(X1)においては、前記変調波生成部から出力される変調波の大きさを前記搬送波生成部から出力される搬送波の上限値以上に固定し、
前記第2の期間(X2)においては、前記変調波生成部から出力される変調波の大きさを前記搬送波生成部から出力される搬送波の下限値以下に固定し、
前記第3および第4の期間(Y1,Y2)においては、前記搬送波生成部から出力される搬送波および、前記上限値以上変調波生成部から出力される変調波および前記変調波生成部から出力される変調波を前記交流電圧出力振幅指令値または変調率指令に基づいて位相角方向にそれぞれ同じ比率で縮小もしくは拡大操作することにより設定したゲート信号を出力することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記変調波生成部は、前記第3および第4の期間(Y1,Y2)の変調波として正弦波を出力することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記変調波生成部は、前記第3および第4の期間(Y1,Y2)の変調波として、正弦波に加え、三相共通の信号を重畳することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記搬送波生成部は、前記第1から第4の期間(X1,X2,Y1,Y2)それぞれの境界位相角条件における搬送波の値を、上限値または下限値とし、不連続でない搬送波を生成して出力することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の電力変換装置。
- 前記交流電圧出力振幅指令値または前記変調率指令に基づいて、変調モードを選択する変調モード選択部を備え、
この変調モード選択部は、
予め設定された電圧振幅設定範囲の範囲内に交流電圧出力振幅指令値が存在する運転条件時、
予め設定された変調率設定範囲の範囲内に変調率指令が存在する運転条件時、または、
予め設定された交流電圧出力基本波周波数設定範囲の範囲内に交流電圧出力基本波周波数が存在する運転条件時の何れかにおいては過変調モードを選択し、
この過変調モードが選択された場合、前記スイッチング信号生成部は、
前記第1から第4の期間(X1,X2,Y1,Y2)を、前記交流電圧出力振幅指令値、前記変調率指令、前記交流電圧出力基本波周波数に基づいて設定することで得られるゲート信号を出力することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記インバータ回路は2レベルインバータであり、
前記変調モード選択部は、変調率が95%以上を判定した後には、前記第3および第4の期間(Y1,Y2)中のスイッチング回数が3回のみとなる3ダッシュパルスモードを選択し、
この3ダッシュパルスモードが選択された場合、前記スイッチング信号生成部は、前記交流電圧出力指令の1周期あたり、
前記第1および第3の期間(X1,Y1)の境界、
前記第3および第2の期間(Y1,X2)の境界、
前記第2および第4の期間(X2,Y2)の境界、
前記第4および第1の期間(Y2,X1)の境界、
前記第3の期間(Y1)の中心ならびに、
前記第4の期間(Y2)の中心
における合計6回のスイッチング制御を行うゲート信号を出力することを特徴とする請求項7に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記変調モード選択部は、前記過変調モードの他、過変調準備モードを選択可能に構成され、
予め設定された電圧振幅設定閾値を下回る範囲に交流電圧出力振幅指令値が存在する運転条件時、
予め設定された変調率設定閾値を下回る範囲に変調率指令が存在する運転条件時、または、
予め設定された交流電圧出力基本波周波数設定閾値を下回る範囲に交流電圧出力基本波周波数が存在する運転条件時
の何れかにおいて過変調準備モードを選択し、
この過変調準備モードが選択された場合、前記スイッチング信号生成部は、
交流電圧出力位相角指令に同期し、前記交流電圧出力指令の1周期中のスイッチング回数が一定となるゲート信号を出力することを特徴とする請求項7に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記搬送波生成部は、前記変調モード選択部から出力される変調モード信号が過変調モードの場合には過変調用搬送波を生成し、前記変調モード信号が過変調準備モードの場合には過変調準備用搬送波を生成し、
前記変調波生成部は、前記変調モード信号が過変調モードの場合には過変調用変調波を生成し、前記変調モード信号が過変調準備モードの場合には過変調準備用変調波を生成する
ことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記変調モード選択部は、前記過変調モードの他、非同期PWMモードを選択可能に構成され、
予め設定された電圧振幅設定閾値を下回る範囲に交流電圧出力振幅指令値が存在する運転条件時、
予め設定された変調率設定閾値を下回る範囲に変調率指令が存在する運転条件時、または、
予め設定された交流電圧出力基本波周波数設定閾値を下回る範囲に交流電圧出力基本波周波数が存在する運転条件時
の何れかにおいて非同期PWMモードを選択し、
この非同期PWMモードが選択された場合、前記スイッチング信号生成部は、
単位時間内のスイッチング回数が、予め定められた値となるゲート信号を出力することを特徴とする請求項7に記載の電力変換装置。 - 前記搬送波生成部は、前記変調モード選択部から出力される変調モード信号が過変調モードの場合には過変調用搬送波を生成し、前記変調モード信号が非同期PWMモードの場合には非同期PWM用搬送波を生成し、
前記変調波生成部は、前記変調モード信号が過変調モードの場合には過変調用変調波を生成し、前記変調モード信号が非同期PWMモードの場合には非同期PWM用変調波を生成する
ことを特徴とする請求項11に記載の電力変換装置。
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