WO2014030608A1 - 潤滑油組成物 - Google Patents
潤滑油組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014030608A1 WO2014030608A1 PCT/JP2013/072077 JP2013072077W WO2014030608A1 WO 2014030608 A1 WO2014030608 A1 WO 2014030608A1 JP 2013072077 W JP2013072077 W JP 2013072077W WO 2014030608 A1 WO2014030608 A1 WO 2014030608A1
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- lubricating oil
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M161/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M141/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic phosphorus-containing compound
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
- C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2219/084—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
- C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2219/087—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition, and more particularly to a lubricating oil composition used for a shock absorber of an automobile or the like.
- shock absorber is installed between the car body and tires of the passenger car, and functions to alleviate vibrations of the car body due to road surface irregularities and vibrations generated during sudden acceleration and braking.
- a normal shock absorber is attached obliquely. Accordingly, a large lateral force is applied to the shock absorber due to the bending moment generated by the expansion and contraction of the shock absorber.
- shock absorber oil shock absorber fluid: SAF
- SAF shock absorber fluid
- shock absorber oil is generally developed with a copper guide bush as a target.
- some guide bushes are iron-based, in which case iron-based shock absorber oil had to be developed. Therefore, such proper use is complicated, and it is desirable that one type of shock absorber oil can be applied to two types of guide bushes, copper and iron.
- an extreme pressure agent or an oily agent is added to the base oil in order to improve the lubricity with respect to the metal, the thermal stability generally deteriorates.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a lubricating oil composition that is excellent in lubricity and thermal stability with respect to both iron-based and copper-based metals.
- the present invention provides the following lubricating oil composition.
- a lubricating oil composition obtained by blending the following components (A), (B) and (C) with a base oil.
- the component (A) is represented by the following formula ( A lubricating oil composition characterized by being represented by 1).
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently an alkyl group having 8 to 16 carbon atoms.
- R 3 , R 4 , R 9 and R 10 are each independently an alkyl group, and R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are each independently an alkylene group.
- R 7 The lubricating oil composition according to any one of [4] to [6] above, wherein R 6 and R 7 in the formula (2) are ethylene groups. Composition.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a lubricating oil composition which is excellent in lubricity and excellent in thermal stability for both iron-based and copper-based metals. Therefore, the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is particularly excellent for use in shock absorbers such as automobiles.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as “the present composition”) comprises a base oil, (A) a dialkyl hydrogen phosphite, (B) a sulfur-based antioxidant, and (C) a polyalkenyl. It can be obtained by blending succinimide at a predetermined ratio.
- the composition will be described in detail.
- Base oil As the base oil in the composition, mineral oil or synthetic oil is usually used. There are no particular restrictions on the type of mineral oil or synthetic oil, and the like, and examples of mineral oil include paraffin-based mineral oil, intermediate-based mineral oil, and naphthenic group obtained by ordinary refining methods such as solvent refining and hydrogenation refining. Mineral oil and the like.
- Synthetic oils include, for example, polybutene, polyolefin ( ⁇ -olefin (co) polymer), various esters (eg, polyol ester, dibasic acid ester, phosphate ester, etc.), various ethers (eg, polyester) Phenyl ether, etc.), alkylbenzene, alkylnaphthalene, GTL (Gas to Liquids) and the like.
- the base oil one kind of the above mineral oil may be used, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- the said synthetic oil may be used 1 type and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- one or more mineral oils and one or more synthetic oils may be used in combination.
- the viscosity of the base oil described above is from the viewpoint of low-temperature fluidity, evaporability, foamability, and damping force characteristics.
- a range of 4 mm 2 / s to 10 mm 2 / s in terms of kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. is preferred.
- Component (A) (A) component in this composition is a dialkyl hydrogen phosphite, and what is shown by following formula (1) especially is preferable.
- R 1 and R 2 in the formula (1) independently represent an alkyl group having 8 to 16 carbon atoms.
- R 1 and R 2 may be the same or different. If the alkyl group has 8 or more carbon atoms, the oxidation stability of the lubricating oil composition may not be reduced, and if the alkyl group has 16 or less carbon atoms, the wear resistance between metals is insufficient. There is no risk of becoming.
- the compound of the formula (1) include, for example, dilauryl hydrogen phosphite, di-2-ethylhexyl hydrogen phosphite, dipalmityl hydrogen phosphite, di-n-octyl hydrogen phosphite, Examples include dipentadecyl hydrogen phosphite, ditetradecyl phosphite, and ditridecyl hydrogen phosphite.
- the blending amount of the component (A) is preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 1% by mass or less based on the total amount of the composition.
- the blending amount of the component (A) is equal to or greater than the lower limit, the lubricity between metals and the wear resistance in the lubricating oil composition can be further improved. However, if the blending amount of the component (A) exceeds the upper limit, corrosion may occur in the metal parts or the additive may be precipitated.
- [(B) component] (B) component in this composition is a sulfur type antioxidant.
- a compound having a structure represented by the following formula (2) is preferable.
- R 3 , R 4 , R 9 and R 10 are each independently an alkyl group. These alkyl groups are preferably so-called hindered alkyl groups from the viewpoint of heat resistance (sludge resistance). In particular, R 3 , R 4 , R 9 and R 10 are preferably tertiary butyl groups.
- R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are each independently an alkylene group, and preferably have 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R 5 and R 8 are more preferably ethylene groups from the viewpoint of antioxidant ability and solubility in base oil.
- R 6 and R 7 are also preferably ethylene groups from the viewpoint of antioxidant ability and solubility in base oil.
- the compound of the formula (2) include, for example, thiodiethylene-bis [3- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] and thiodimethylene-bis [3- (3 5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] and the like.
- the blending amount of the component (B) is preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less, and 0.1% by mass or more and 1% by mass based on the total amount of the composition from the viewpoint of improving heat resistance. % Or less, more preferably 0.4% by mass or more and 0.6% by mass or less.
- Component (C)] (C) component in this composition is a polyalkenyl succinimide.
- Examples thereof include monotype polyalkenyl succinimide represented by the following formula (3) and bis type polyalkenyl succinimide represented by the following formula (4).
- R 11 , R 13 and R 14 are each a polyalkenyl group having a number average molecular weight of 500 to 4,000, and R 13 and R 14 may be the same or different. Good.
- the number average molecular weight of R 11 , R 13 and R 14 is preferably from 1,000 to 4,000.
- R 12 , R 15 and R 16 are each an alkylene group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, R 15 and R 16 may be the same or different, and r represents an integer of 1 to 10, s represents 0 or an integer from 1 to 10.
- the solubility in the base oil may be reduced, and if it exceeds 4,000, the thermal stability may not be sufficiently obtained. is there.
- the r is preferably 2 to 5, more preferably 3 to 4. If r is less than 1, the thermal stability may be reduced, and if r is 11 or more, the solubility in the base oil may be reduced.
- s is preferably from 1 to 4, more preferably 2 or 3. If it is in the said range, it is preferable at the point of the heat stability and the solubility with respect to a base oil.
- Preferred examples of the polyalkenyl group of the formulas (3) and (4) include a polybutenyl group and a polyisobutenyl group.
- the polybutenyl group can be obtained by polymerizing a mixture of 1-butene and isobutene or high-purity isobutene.
- Said polyalkenyl succinimide can be normally manufactured by making polyalkenyl succinic anhydride obtained by reaction of polyolefin and maleic anhydride react with a polyamine.
- the mono-type succinimide and the bis-type succinimide can be produced by changing the reaction ratio of polyalkenyl succinic anhydride and polyamine.
- Polyamines include ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, butylenediamine, pentylenediamine, and other single diamines, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine, di (methylethylene) triamine, dibutylenetriamine, and butylenetetramine.
- polyalkylene polyamines such as pentapentylenehexamine and piperazine derivatives such as aminoethylpiperazine.
- the blending amount of the component (C) is preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 1% by mass or less, more preferably, based on the total amount of the composition. Is 0.4 mass% or more and 0.6 mass% or less. If the blending amount is less than 0.01% by mass, the effect of improving the thermal stability is difficult to be exhibited, and even if it exceeds 5% by mass, an effect commensurate with the blending amount may not be obtained.
- the present composition described above is formed by blending the above-described components (A), (B) and (C) with the base oil, it is excellent in lubricity for both iron-based and copper-based metals. In addition, it has excellent thermal stability. That is, the present composition can be applied to both iron-based and copper-based guide bushes, and is particularly suitable for a shock absorber such as an automobile.
- the composition is suitable mainly for use in shock absorbers for four-wheeled vehicles, but is also effective for use in shock absorbers for two-wheeled vehicles.
- this composition can be used for both a double cylinder type shock absorber and a single cylinder type shock absorber.
- the present composition is also effective as industrial hydraulic fluids and construction machinery hydraulic fluids.
- the metal deactivator examples include benzotriazole, benzotriazole derivative, benzothiazole, benzothiazole derivative, triazole, triazole derivative, dithiocarbamate, dithiocarbamate derivative, imidazole, imidazole derivative and the like. 0.005 mass% or more and 0.3 mass% or less can be preferably used.
- the antifoaming agent include fluorosilicone oil such as fluorine-modified silicone oil, silicone oil such as dimethylpolysiloxane, polyacrylate, and the like, and a very small amount, for example, about 0.001% by mass or more and 0.004% by mass or less. Added.
- the metal detergent examples include alkali metal sulfonate, alkali metal phenate, alkali metal salicylate, alkali metal naphthenate, alkaline earth metal sulfonate, alkaline earth metal phenate, alkaline earth metal salicylate, and alkaline earth metal naphthenate. It is done. These may be used individually by 1 type and may be used in combination of 2 or more type. Although the compounding quantity of a metal type detergent is not specifically limited, It is preferable that it is 0.1 to 10 mass% on the basis of the total amount of the composition.
- oily agents examples include aliphatic saturated and unsaturated monocarboxylic acids such as stearic acid and oleic acid, polymerized fatty acids such as dimer acid and hydrogenated dimer acid, hydroxy fatty acids such as ricinoleic acid and 12-hydroxystearic acid, lauryl alcohol, Aliphatic saturated and unsaturated monoalcohols such as oleyl alcohol, aliphatic saturated and unsaturated monoamines such as stearylamine and oleylamine, aliphatic secondary amine mixtures having a hydrocarbon chain of 8 to 18 carbon atoms, lauric acid amide And aliphatic saturated and unsaturated monocarboxylic amides such as oleic acid amide, polyhydric fatty acid esters such as oleic acid monoglyceride, and the like.
- monocarboxylic acids such as stearic acid and oleic acid
- polymerized fatty acids such as dimer acid and hydrogenated dimer acid
- the blending amount of these oil-based agents is preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition.
- the various additives as described above may be blended singly or in combination, and the present composition does not inhibit these effects.
- Example 1 demonstrates this invention further in detail, this invention is not limited at all by these examples.
- Example 1 and 2 Comparative Examples 1 to 8
- a lubricating oil composition (sample oil) was prepared from the base oil and additives shown in Table 1, and the dynamic friction coefficient, wear scar area, and sludge generation amount were measured by the following methods. The results are also shown in Table 1.
- the wear scar area on the bronze sphere side was determined. Practically, the wear scar area is desirably 0.250 mm 2 or less. Weight: 4.9N Speed: 8.0 mm / s Temperature: 80 ° C Friction material: Bronze sphere / Chrome plating plate Test time: 30 min
- the wear scar area on the SPCC-SD plate side was determined. Practically, the wear scar area is desirably 0.100 mm 2 or less. Weight: 4.9N Speed: 8.0 mm / s Temperature: 80 ° C Friction material: SUJ2 steel ball / SPCC-SD plate Test time: 30 min
- Base oil Mineral oil (hydrogenated reformed base oil): 40 ° C. kinematic viscosity 7.828 mm 2 / s, density (15 ° C.) 0.8556 g / cm 3 , 2) Irganox L-115 made by Ciba Japan
- test oils of Examples 1 and 2 are obtained by blending the base oil with the three components specified in the present invention, so that they are excellent in lubricity and wear resistance with respect to both copper-based metals and iron-based metals, and are also heat resistant. Excellent (sludge resistance).
- test oils of Comparative Examples 1 to 8 lacking any one of the three predetermined components of the present invention cannot satisfy both lubricity and heat resistance for copper-based metals and iron-based metals.
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Abstract
Description
このような要求に対して、例えば、(a)基油、(b)りん酸エステル、亜りん酸エステルおよびりん酸エステルアミン塩からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物、および(c)アルカノールアミンを含有する緩衝器用油圧作動油組成物が提案されている(特許文献1参照)。また、潤滑油基油中に(A)亜リン酸エステルと、(B)脂肪族アミン系油性剤と、(C)脂肪酸、ナフテン酸若しくはこれらのエステルまたはこれらの混合物とを必須の成分として所定量含むアクティブサスペンション用流体組成物が提案されている(特許文献2参照)。
しかしながら、特許文献1、2に記載された緩衝器油によっても銅系と鉄系の2種のガイドブッシュに対して潤滑性を両立させることは困難である。さらに、金属に対する潤滑性を向上させるために極圧剤や油性剤を基油に添加すると一般に熱安定性が悪化する。
〔1〕基油に対し、下記(A)成分、(B)成分および(C)成分を配合してなることを特徴とする潤滑油組成物。
(A)ジアルキルハイドロジェンフォスファイト
(B)硫黄系酸化防止剤
(C)ポリアルケニルこはく酸イミド
〔2〕上述の〔1〕に記載の潤滑油組成物において、前記(A)成分が下記式(1)で示されることを特徴とする潤滑油組成物。
(R1とR2は、独立に炭素数8以上16以下のアルキル基である。)
〔3〕上述の〔2〕に記載の潤滑油組成物において、前記式(1)の化合物がジラウリルハイドロジェンフォスファイトであることを特徴とする潤滑油組成物。
〔4〕上述の〔1〕から〔3〕までのいずれか1つに記載の潤滑油組成物において、前記(B)成分が下記式(2)で示されることを特徴とする潤滑油組成物。
(R3、R4、R9およびR10は、各々独立にアルキル基であり、R5、R6、R7およびR8は各々独立にアルキレン基である。)
〔5〕上述の〔4〕に記載の潤滑油組成物において、前記式(2)におけるR3、R4、R9およびR10がターシャリーブチル基であることを特徴とする潤滑油組成物。
〔6〕上述の〔4〕または〔5〕に記載の潤滑油組成物において、前記式(2)におけるR5およびR8がエチレン基であることを特徴とする潤滑油組成物。
〔7〕上述の〔4〕から〔6〕までのいずれか1つに記載の潤滑油組成物において、前記式(2)におけるR6およびR7がエチレン基であることを特徴とする潤滑油組成物。
〔8〕上述の〔1〕から〔7〕までのいずれか1つに記載の潤滑油組成物において、前記(C)成分がポリブテニルこはく酸イミドであることを特徴とする潤滑油組成物。
〔9〕上述の〔1〕から〔8〕までのいずれか1つに記載の潤滑油組成物が緩衝器用であることを特徴とする潤滑油組成物。
本組成物における基油としては、通常、鉱油や合成油が用いられる。この鉱油や合成油の種類、その他については特に制限はなく、鉱油としては、例えば、溶剤精製、水添精製などの通常の精製法により得られたパラフィン基系鉱油、中間基系鉱油またはナフテン基系鉱油などが挙げられる。
また、合成油としては、例えば、ポリブテン、ポリオレフィン(α-オレフィン(共)重合体)、各種のエステル(例えば、ポリオールエステル、二塩基酸エステル、リン酸エステルなど)、各種のエーテル(例えば、ポリフェニルエーテルなど)、アルキルベンゼン、アルキルナフタレン、GTL(Gas to Liquids)などが挙げられる。
本発明においては、基油として、上記鉱油を1種用いてもよく、2種以上組み合わせて用いてもよい。また、上記合成油を1種用いてもよく、2種以上組み合わせて用いてもよい。さらには、鉱油1種以上と合成油1種以上とを組み合わせて用いてもよい。
本組成物は、主に乗用を目的とする車の緩衝器油として用いられることから、前記した基油の粘度としては、低温流動性、蒸発性、泡立性、および減衰力特性の観点より40℃における動粘度で4mm2/s以上10mm2/s以下の範囲が好ましい。
本組成物における(A)成分は、ジアルキルハイドロジェンフォスファイトであり、特に、下記式(1)で示されるものが好ましい。
本組成物において、(A)成分の配合量は、組成物全量基準において0.01質量%以上5質量%以下であることが好ましく、0.1質量%以上1質量%以下であることがより好ましく、0.4質量%以上0.6質量%以下であることが特に好ましい。(A)成分の配合量が前記下限値以上であると、潤滑油組成物における金属間の潤滑性および耐摩耗性をより向上させることができる。ただし、(A)成分の配合量が前記上限値を超えると、金属部品に腐食が生じたり、添加剤が沈殿するおそれがある。
本組成物における(B)成分は、硫黄系酸化防止剤である。特に、下記式(2)で示される構造の化合物が好ましい。
また、式(2)において、R5、R6、R7およびR8は各々独立にアルキレン基であり、炭素数は1以上4以下であることが好ましい。
ここで、R5およびR8は、酸化防止能および基油への溶解性の観点よりエチレン基であることがより好ましい。また、R6およびR7についても、酸化防止能および基油への溶解性の観点よりエチレン基であることがより好ましい。
本組成物における(C)成分は、ポリアルケニルこはく酸イミドである。例えば、下記式(3)で示されるモノタイプのポリアルケニルこはく酸イミドや、下記式(4)で示されるビスタイプのポリアルケニルこはく酸イミドが挙げられる。
上記R11、R13およびR14の数平均分子量が500未満であると、基油への溶解性が低下するおそれがあり、4,000を超えると、熱安定性が十分得られないおそれがある。
また、上記rは、好ましくは2から5まで、より好ましくは3から4までである。rが1未満であると、熱安定性が低下するおそれがあり、rが11以上であると、基油に対する溶解性が低下するおそれがある。
上記式(4)において、sは好ましくは1から4まで、より好ましくは2か3である。上記範囲内であれば、熱安定性および基油に対する溶解性の点で好ましい。
上記のモノタイプのコハク酸イミドおよびビスタイプのコハク酸イミドは、ポリアルケニルコハク酸無水物とポリアミンとの反応比率を変えることによって製造することができる。
配合量が0.01質量%未満であると、熱安定性向上効果が発揮されにくく、また5質量%を超えてもその配合量に見合った効果が得られないおそれがある。
本組成物は、主に四輪車のショックアブソーバ用として好適であるが、二輪車のショックアブソーバ用としても有効である。また、本組成物は、複筒型ショックアブソーバおよび単筒型ショックアブソーバのどちらにも使用可能である。さらに、本組成物は、工業用油圧作動油や建機用作動油等としても有効である。
消泡剤としては、例えば、フッ素変形シリコーンオイル等のフルオロシリコーンオイル、ジメチルポリシロキサン等のシリコーンオイル、ポリアクリレートなどが挙げられ、ごく少量、例えば0.001質量%以上0.004質量%以下程度添加される。
以上のような各種添加剤は、単独で、または数種組み合わせて配合してもよく、本組成物はこれらの効果を阻害するものではない。
〔実施例1~2、比較例1~8〕
潤滑油組成物を調製した後、潤滑性、耐摩耗性および耐熱性(耐スラッジ性)を評価した。具体的には、表1に示す基油と添加剤により潤滑油組成物(供試油)を調製し、以下に示す方法で動摩擦係数、摩耗痕面積およびスラッジ発生量を測定した。結果も表1に示す。
・試験機:バウデン式往復動摩擦試験機
・実験条件
(1)銅系金属に対する潤滑性
以下の条件下で動摩擦係数(青銅μ)を測定した。実用的には、青銅μが0.150以下であることが望ましい。
加重 :4.9N
速度 :0.2mm/s
温度 :80℃
摩擦材 :青銅球/クロームメッキ板
以下の条件下で、青銅球側の摩耗痕面積を求めた。実用的には、この摩耗痕面積が0.250mm2以下であることが望ましい。
加重 :4.9N
速度 :8.0mm/s
温度 :80℃
摩擦材 :青銅球/クロームメッキ板
試験時間 :30min
以下の条件下で動摩擦係数(鋼μ)を測定した。実用的には、鋼μが0.100以下であることが望ましい。
加重 :4.9N
速度 :0.2mm/s
温度 :80℃
摩擦材 :SUJ2鋼球/SPCC-SD板
以下の条件下で、SPCC-SD板側の摩耗痕面積を求めた。実用的には、この摩耗痕面積が0.100mm2以下であることが望ましい。
加重 :4.9N
速度 :8.0mm/s
温度 :80℃
摩擦材 :SUJ2鋼球/SPCC-SD板
試験時間 :30min
内容積100mLのガラス瓶に供試油100mL、鉄触媒、銅触媒を入れ、120℃で168時間エイジングした。エイジング後のミリポア値(フィルター付着量)を測定し、スラッジ発生量とした(JIS K 2514-1996準拠)。
鉱油(水素化改質基油):40℃動粘度7.827mm2/s、密度(15℃)0.8556g/cm3、
2)チバ・ジャパン製 Irganox L-115
実施例1~2の供試油は、基油に本発明所定の3成分を配合してなるので、銅系金属および鉄系金属の双方に対して潤滑性および耐摩耗性に優れ、さらに耐熱性(耐スラッジ性)にも優れている。一方、本発明所定の3成分のうちいずれかを欠いている比較例1~8の供試油は、銅系金属と鉄系金属に対する潤滑性および耐熱性をともに満足させることができない。
Claims (9)
- 基油に対し、下記(A)成分、(B)成分および(C)成分を配合してなる
ことを特徴とする潤滑油組成物。
(A)ジアルキルハイドロジェンフォスファイト
(B)硫黄系酸化防止剤
(C)ポリアルケニルこはく酸イミド - 請求項2に記載の潤滑油組成物において、
前記式(1)の化合物がジラウリルハイドロジェンフォスファイトである
ことを特徴とする潤滑油組成物。 - 請求項4に記載の潤滑油組成物において、
前記式(2)におけるR3、R4、R9およびR10がターシャリーブチル基である
ことを特徴とする潤滑油組成物。 - 請求項4または請求項5に記載の潤滑油組成物において、
前記式(2)におけるR5およびR8がエチレン基である
ことを特徴とする潤滑油組成物。 - 請求項4から請求項6までのいずれか1項に記載の潤滑油組成物において、
前記式(2)におけるR6およびR7がエチレン基である
ことを特徴とする潤滑油組成物。 - 請求項1から請求項7までのいずれか1項に記載の潤滑油組成物において、
前記(C)成分がポリブテニルこはく酸イミドである
ことを特徴とする潤滑油組成物。 - 請求項1から請求項8までのいずれか1項に記載の潤滑油組成物が
緩衝器用である
ことを特徴とする潤滑油組成物。
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