WO2013190879A1 - スカンジウムの分離精製方法 - Google Patents
スカンジウムの分離精製方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013190879A1 WO2013190879A1 PCT/JP2013/059940 JP2013059940W WO2013190879A1 WO 2013190879 A1 WO2013190879 A1 WO 2013190879A1 JP 2013059940 W JP2013059940 W JP 2013059940W WO 2013190879 A1 WO2013190879 A1 WO 2013190879A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B59/00—Obtaining rare earth metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F17/00—Compounds of rare earth metals
- C01F17/10—Preparation or treatment, e.g. separation or purification
- C01F17/17—Preparation or treatment, e.g. separation or purification involving a liquid-liquid extraction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F17/00—Compounds of rare earth metals
- C01F17/20—Compounds containing only rare earth metals as the metal element
- C01F17/206—Compounds containing only rare earth metals as the metal element oxide or hydroxide being the only anion
- C01F17/212—Scandium oxides or hydroxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
- C22B3/37—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds containing boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
- C22B3/38—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds containing phosphorus
- C22B3/382—Phosphine chalcogenides, e.g. compounds of the formula R3P=X with X = O, S, Se or Te
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/80—Compositional purity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for separating and purifying scandium, and more specifically, scandium is separated and purified using a solvent extraction method from a scandium-containing solution obtained by leaching from an ore or intermediate containing scandium.
- the present invention relates to a method for separating and purifying scandium.
- Scandium is rare in ordinary rare earth minerals because it has a particularly small ionic radius among rare earth elements, and is widely present in oxide ores such as aluminum, tin, tungsten, zirconium, iron, and nickel. .
- Scandium requires a strong acid for its dissolution because it has a low basicity due to its small ionic radius. Therefore, since there are many types of coexisting elements that dissolve simultaneously and the concentration thereof is high, it is not easy to separate and purify scandium contained in an aqueous solution.
- an organic solvent using an acidic alkyl phosphate such as a trade name PC-88A (main component: 2-ethylhexyl phosphonate 2-ethylhexyl) as described in Patent Document 1 as an extractant
- PC-88A main component: 2-ethylhexyl phosphonate 2-ethylhexyl
- the organic solvent and an aqueous solution containing scandium are mixed to extract coexisting elements such as scandium and iron, aluminum, calcium, yttrium into the organic solvent, and then a hydrochloric acid solution having a concentration of 4 to 9 mol / l
- a hydrochloric acid solution having a concentration of 4 to 9 mol / l
- an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is added to the organic solvent to separate scandium from the organic solvent in the form of hydroxide. is there.
- Patent Document 3 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid, di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphonic acid, tributyl phosphate, and the like are supported on a resin, an inorganic strong acid aqueous solution such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, or the like, or an organic acid such as acetic acid or monochloroacetic acid.
- an inorganic strong acid aqueous solution such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, or the like
- an organic acid such as acetic acid or monochloroacetic acid.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a method in which scandium is adsorbed with a resin impregnated with an alkylphosphonic acid ester or an alkylphosphoric acid ester, and then scandium is eluted together with an extractant with an organic solvent.
- aminocarboxylic acids with weak acidity have a weak affinity for scandium
- back extraction is characterized by being easier than acidic phosphate esters.
- the binding stability with chromium (III), iron (III) ions, etc. which has a high complex stability constant with aminocarboxylic acid, becomes stronger, so in a solution containing these impurities, the impurities accumulate in the solvent. As a result, the extractability of scandium gradually decreases.
- the hydrophilicity is structurally strong, there is a problem that an elution loss into an aqueous solution increases.
- JP 09-291320 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 04-36373 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 01-108119 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 01-246328 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 04-74711
- the present invention has been proposed in view of such a situation, from the aqueous solution containing scandium, while ensuring the separability (selectivity) between scandium and impurity elements, improving the back-extractability, It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for separating and purifying scandium that can efficiently separate and purify scandium from a scandium-containing solution.
- an extraction step in which an aqueous solution containing scandium and an organic solvent containing trioctylphosphine oxide are mixed to extract scandium into the organic solvent, the organic solvent, and water
- a back-extraction step of mixing a back-extraction starting solution containing any one or more of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and oxalic acid to back-extract scandium from the organic solvent to obtain a back-extracted solution.
- the organic solvent from which scandium has been extracted in the extraction step is a hydrochloric acid solution having a concentration of 2.0 mol / l or more and 9.0 mol / l or less, or 3.5 mol / l or more and 9.0 mol / l or less. It is preferable to further have a scrubbing step of separating impurities by mixing with a sulfuric acid solution having a concentration.
- a hydrochloric acid solution or a sulfuric acid solution is used as a back extraction starting solution in the back extraction step, it is preferable to use a hydrochloric acid solution of less than 2.0 mol / l or a sulfuric acid solution of less than 3.5 mol / l.
- an oxalic acid solution when used as a back extraction start solution in the back extraction step, an oxalic acid solution having a concentration of 0.1 mol / l or more and less than 1.0 mol / l is used as a back extraction start solution, and scandium oxalate Get.
- oxalic acid is added to the back extracted solution obtained by back extracting scandium. It is preferable to add a crystallization step to obtain scandium oxalate crystals.
- the aqueous solution and an organic solvent containing tenoyltrifluoroacetone are mixed to extract zirconium into the organic solvent. It is preferable to separate them.
- scandium can be selectively extracted and the back extractability can be enhanced, and scandium can be separated and purified from the scandium-containing solution at a high back extraction rate.
- the amount of scandium retained in the process system without being back-extracted can be reduced, and the yield of scandium can be increased.
- scandium can be back-extracted in the form of an aqueous solution with high fluidity, for example, separation and purification operations can be carried out by continuous extraction operations, facilitating equipment continuation and high-speed operation, and equipment costs. In addition, labor saving can be achieved.
- FIG. 1 is a process diagram showing a flow of a separation and purification method for separating and purifying scandium from a scandium-containing solution, and a flow of a method for producing scandium oxide using the separation and purification method.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the number of cleanings in the cleaning process of Example 1 and the impurity metal concentration in the cleaning liquid.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the number of back extractions in the back extraction process of Example 1 and the concentration of each metal element in the solution after back extraction.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution (cleaning solution) used for the cleaning treatment and the scandium (Sc) concentration in the cleaning solution.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the concentration of the sulfuric acid solution (cleaning solution) used for the cleaning treatment and the scandium (Sc) concentration in the cleaning solution.
- a method for separating and purifying scandium according to the present invention is a method for selectively extracting and purifying scandium from an aqueous solution obtained by leaching an ore or intermediate containing scandium with an acid solution or the like. It is.
- an aqueous solution containing scandium and an organic solvent containing trioctylphosphine oxide (hereinafter also referred to as “TOPO” as appropriate) are mixed to extract scandium into the organic phase,
- the organic solvent is mixed with a back-extraction starting solution containing any one or more of water, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and oxalic acid, and scandium is back-extracted from the organic phase to separate scandium.
- trioctylphosphine oxide used as an extractant is a solvated extractant and does not form a chemical bond by extraction only with an affinity with a scandium compound.
- extraction and back extraction can be easily controlled by controlling the ionic strength of the solution. Therefore, as in the case of extraction with an acidic extractant or the like, a strong chemical bond is formed, so that a rubber-like or gel-like solid is precipitated in the liquid after back extraction, thereby hindering the fluidity of the organic phase and the aqueous phase.
- the back extraction can be performed with high fluidity in the form of an aqueous solution, and the back extraction can be improved.
- the amount of scandium remaining in the process system without being back-extracted can be reduced, and scandium can be separated and purified in a high yield from a solution containing scandium. .
- the back extraction can be performed with high fluidity, continuous extraction operation is possible and high-speed operation is facilitated, so the processing equipment is compact and labor-saving in terms of equipment and cost. Can be realized.
- the present embodiment a specific embodiment of the method for separating and purifying scandium according to the present invention (hereinafter referred to as “the present embodiment”) will be described in more detail for each step.
- the scandium separation and purification method is an organic solution obtained by mixing an aqueous solution containing scandium and an organic solvent containing trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO). Extraction of scandium into the solvent, mixing the organic solvent with a back-extraction starting solution containing one or more of water, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, or oxalic acid, back-extracting scandium from the organic solvent And a back extraction step for obtaining a solution after back extraction.
- TOPO trioctylphosphine oxide
- the organic solvent is mixed with a hydrochloric acid solution or sulfuric acid solution having a predetermined concentration before back-extracting it. You may make it provide the scrubbing process of making it wash
- oxalic acid is added to the back extracted liquid obtained by back extraction.
- a crystallization step of adding and forming scandium oxalate crystals may be provided. Thereby, scandium can be separated and recovered as hardly soluble oxalate.
- aqueous solution containing scandium obtained by leaching ore or an intermediate containing scandium with an acid solution such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, and an organic solvent containing an extractant Mixing is performed, and a solvent extraction process for selectively extracting scandium into an organic solvent is performed.
- an organic solvent containing a solvating-type extracting agent (solvating extractant) is used for extracting and separating scandium by a solvent extraction method.
- solvating extractant a solvating-type extracting agent
- TOPO trioctyl phosphine oxide
- an acidic extractant is an extractant that extracts metal ions by replacing —H of the extractant with cations such as scandium ions to form metal salts.
- this acidic extractant is strongly chemically bonded to metal ions, and back extraction cannot be performed unless the bond is broken.
- a phosphoric acid-based extractant such as an acidic phosphate is used as the acidic extractant, the selectivity for scandium increases due to the extremely strong affinity between phosphoric acid and scandium, but it is difficult to break the bond.
- the use of a carboxylic acid having a weak binding force with metal ions as an acidic extractant can improve the back extractability, but it does not contain phosphoric acid, so it is selective for scandium. Can not be used as a purification medium.
- the solvating extractant is an extractant that has a functional group having an affinity for a molecular metal compound that is not ionized in the molecule and performs extraction by affinity with the metal compound.
- the solvation-type extractant since it is extracted by binding with a scandium compound only with an affinity and does not form a chemical bond, the fluidity of the solution after back extraction is improved and the back extraction can be easily performed.
- the solvation-type extractant can promote the extraction reaction by promoting solvation by increasing the ionic strength in the aqueous phase, and can promote the reverse extraction reaction by decreasing the ionic strength. Therefore, extraction and back-extraction can be easily controlled by controlling the ionic strength based on adjustment of the salt concentration in the solution.
- the reaction of extraction and back-extraction can be freely controlled by adjusting the salt concentration of the solution and controlling the ionic strength.
- solvating-type extractant there are phosphorus-based and non-phosphorus-based extractants.
- solvated extractants containing phosphorus are particularly suitable. Yes.
- TOPO trioctylphosphine oxide
- reaction formula (2) shows an extraction reaction formula using TOPO as an extractant. As shown in this reaction formula (2), a scandium compound is only added with affinity to the extractant, and the extractant is extracted by a reaction that does not involve formation of a chemical bond.
- trioctyl phosphine oxide used as the extractant various trialkyl phosphine oxides having different alkyl chains exist, and any of them can be suitably used.
- Trioctylphosphine oxide has a melting point of about 60 ° C. and is solid at room temperature. For this reason, in the extraction process, it is diluted with, for example, a hydrocarbon-based organic solvent.
- some compounds having the same functional group (PO) as trioctylphosphine oxide and having a similar structure with different alkyl chains are liquid at room temperature, and dilution is not always necessary when the compound is liquid.
- the concentration of trioctylphosphine oxide in the organic solvent is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 v / v% or more and 20 v / v% or less.
- concentration of TOPO in the organic solvent is 5 v / v%
- Sc is about 1.8 g / l
- concentration is 40 v / v%
- Sc is 11.4 g. / L.
- the extraction capability increases as the concentration of TOPO in the organic solvent increases, but the amount of scandium extracted per volume of TOPO decreases.
- the concentration of TOPO in the organic solvent is preferably 5 v / v% or more and 20 v / v% or less, particularly about 10 v / v%. It is more preferable.
- a concentration of about 40 v / v% is almost the upper limit at around room temperature of 25 ° C.
- the scandium-containing solution used as the stock solution is not particularly limited, and any liquid aqueous solution can be used.
- the higher the ionic strength of the scandium-containing solution the more the solvation by TOPO is promoted. Therefore, it becomes advantageous for extraction. That is, in order to advance the solvation reaction, it is important that the compound to be extracted is molecular, and in order to suppress the dissociation of the compound, it is possible to maintain a high salt concentration and increase the ionic strength. preferable.
- a scandium-containing solution composed of a 2.0 mol / l or more hydrochloric acid solution or a 3.5 mol / l or more sulfuric acid solution, similarly to the concentration of the scrubbing solution described later.
- the purity of the scandium compound obtained through each step described later can be further increased.
- a hydrochloric acid solution or a sulfuric acid solution can be used as a solution (cleaning solution) used for scrubbing.
- a hydrochloric acid solution or a sulfuric acid solution can be used as a solution (cleaning solution) used for scrubbing.
- scrubbing can be performed using a nitric acid solution, it is not preferable because oxidative deterioration of TOPO as an extractant is promoted.
- water-soluble chlorides and sulfates can be used in place of the hydrochloric acid solution and the sulfuric acid solution.
- use of alkali metal salts may cause new impurities, which is not preferable in terms of highly purifying scandium.
- the concentration of the cleaning solution used for scrubbing is preferably 2.0 mol / l or more and 9.0 mol / l or less when a hydrochloric acid solution is used, and 3.5 mol / l or more and 9.0 mol / l when a sulfuric acid solution is used.
- the following concentration range is preferable.
- the scrubbing step it is preferable to wash the solvent using a hydrochloric acid solution or a sulfuric acid solution having a concentration in the above-described range (see also the examination on the acid concentration dependency in Example 2 below). .
- a hydrochloric acid solution or a sulfuric acid solution having a concentration in the above-described range.
- back extraction process In the back extraction step, scandium is back-extracted from the organic solvent from which scandium has been extracted through the extraction step, or from the organic solvent from which scandium has been extracted and then removed through the scrubbing step.
- the extraction rate increases as the acid concentration of the solution increases.
- the back extraction rate decreases as the acid concentration increases. Therefore, from the viewpoint of the back extraction rate, it is most advantageous to perform the back extraction process using water.
- the ionic strength of the aqueous phase is extremely reduced, phase separation from the organic phase may be poor, which may cause emulsion generation. For this reason, it is practically preferable to perform the back extraction treatment using a solution (acid solution) containing a slight amount of acid as the back extraction start solution.
- the concentration is preferably less than 2.0 mol / l in the case of the hydrochloric acid solution and less than 3.5 mol / l in the case of the sulfuric acid solution.
- the concentration range is preferably about 0.05 mol / l or more and 0.3 mol / l or less.
- an oxalic acid solution can also be used as a back extraction starting solution in the same manner as the above-described hydrochloric acid solution and sulfuric acid solution.
- an oxalic acid solution is mixed and allowed to act on an organic solvent from which scandium has been extracted, as shown in the following reaction formula (3), crystals of scandium oxalate are generated and recovered without passing through the crystallization step described later. can do.
- the back extraction reaction using the oxalic acid solution as the back extraction starting solution is not a reversible reaction, it is more than the back extraction process by the back reaction of the above reaction formula (2) performed using a hydrochloric acid solution or a sulfuric acid solution.
- the back extraction reaction can be allowed to proceed completely, and the back extraction rate can be further increased.
- the concentration of the oxalic acid solution is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 mol / l or more and less than 1.0 mol / l. If the concentration is less than 0.1 mol / l, the back extraction force is too weak, and scandium oxalate may not be produced effectively. On the other hand, the solubility of oxalic acid itself in water is not large, and the upper limit is around 1 mol / l, and even if the concentration is higher than that, it only settles as crystals.
- the amount of oxalic acid solution used that is, the amount of oxalic acid solution for back-extracting scandium and producing scandium oxalate crystals, is calculated with respect to the amount of scandium extracted and contained in the organic solvent. It is preferable that the amount is 1 equivalent or more. Thereby, the extracted scandium can be reliably converted into scandium oxalate crystals.
- a solid crystal of scandium oxalate is precipitated, which may have an influence on the back extractability.
- this solid crystal is hydrophilic, it is extracted with an organic extractant and then an organic solvent (organic) is added as in the conventional method in which rubber-to-gel solid solid scandium hydroxide is generated and back-extracted. High fluidity can be maintained without interfering with phase separation between the phase) and the aqueous phase. Therefore, by mixing the mixture with an organic solvent in the back extraction process, the solid crystals of scandium are distributed to the aqueous phase and quickly settle to the bottom of the aqueous phase, so that they can be easily separated and recovered. it can.
- the back extraction start solution may be a solution containing any one of the above-described water, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and oxalic acid, or a solution containing any two or more of them together. Good.
- Crystallization process As described above, extraction is performed using an organic solvent containing trioctylphosphine oxide, and the obtained organic solvent is mixed with a back-extraction starting solution containing one or more of water, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and oxalic acid. By back extraction, scandium can be separated and purified with high fluidity in the form of an aqueous solution.
- the scandium in the solution after back extraction can be concentrated to further enhance the purification effect, and the recovery efficiency can be increased.
- a crystallization step of obtaining a scandium solid crystal from the back-extracted solution obtained in the above-described back extraction step can be provided.
- oxalic acid is added to the back-extracted solution obtained by back-extracting scandium using any one or more of water, hydrochloric acid solution, and sulfuric acid solution as the back-extraction starting solution in the back-extraction step described above. Addition to obtain scandium oxalate crystals.
- the crystallization step when back extraction is performed using an oxalic acid solution as a back extraction start solution in the back extraction step, crystals are generated and recovered in the back extraction process. Because it can, it becomes unnecessary. Therefore, in the back extraction step, when a back extraction process is performed using any one or more of water, hydrochloric acid solution, and sulfuric acid solution, a solid crystal of scandium is generated and recovered by the crystallization step.
- scandium solid crystals As a method for producing scandium solid crystals from the liquid after back extraction containing scandium, it is possible to use a general method for producing rare earth salts, in which oxalic acid is added and separated as a poorly soluble oxalate. preferable. Like other rare earth elements, scandium also forms slightly soluble crystals. At the same time, most other impurity elements form complexes with oxalic acid and remain in the mother liquor, so a further purification effect is expected. And a higher purity scandium compound can be produced.
- the amount of oxalic acid added is preferably an amount that is 1 equivalent or more in terms of the amount of scandium contained in the solution after back extraction. Thereby, the back-extracted scandium can be reliably converted into scandium oxalate crystals.
- scandium is extracted by mixing a scandium-containing solution and an organic solvent containing trioctylphosphine oxide, and the organic solvent, water, hydrochloric acid are extracted. Then, the mixture is mixed with a back-extraction starting solution containing one or more of sulfuric acid and oxalic acid to back-extract scandium.
- the amount of scandium remaining in the process system without being back-extracted is reduced, and scandium can be separated and purified from a solution containing scandium at a high back-extraction rate.
- the back extraction can be performed with high fluidity, continuous extraction operation is possible and high-speed operation is facilitated, so the processing equipment is compact and labor-saving in terms of equipment and cost. Can be realized.
- the back-extraction rate can be adjusted by adjusting the concentration of the acid solution used as the back-extraction starting solution to a predetermined range. The loss of scandium to be separated and purified can be reduced.
- an impurity element can be effectively removed by providing a step of washing the organic solvent with a hydrochloric acid solution or a sulfuric acid solution having a predetermined concentration, thereby improving the purity of the scandium compound. Can be increased.
- zirconium having a chemical property similar to that of scandium often often coexists.
- a solution in which such zirconium coexists is used as a processing target, there is a possibility that the zirconium cannot be sufficiently separated by the separation and purification method described above.
- a scandium-containing solution in which zirconium coexists is mixed with an organic solvent containing tenoyltrifluoroacetone (hereinafter also referred to as “TAA” where appropriate), and zirconium is extracted into the organic solvent.
- TAA tenoyltrifluoroacetone
- Zirconium tends to form an anion complex more than scandium. Therefore, separation as an anion was examined, and as a type of extraction agent suitable for anion extraction, tenoyltrifluoroacetone, which is a kind of beta diketone, has particularly high extraction and separation characteristics of zirconium, and scandium is hardly extracted. I found out.
- Tenoyltrifluoroacetone is a solid at room temperature like trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO), so it is diluted with a hydrocarbon solvent to a concentration range of about 50 g / l to 100 g / l. Are preferably used.
- TOPO trioctylphosphine oxide
- the pre-extraction step it is preferable to extract zirconium with an organic solvent containing TAA and then perform back extraction, and repeat these operations several times.
- the zirconium quality in the scandium-containing solution is, for example, higher than that of scandium.
- the level is as low as about 100 ppm or less, only the extraction operation can be repeated without performing the back extraction operation every time.
- Scandium oxide production method Scandium oxide can be produced using scandium separated and purified from a scandium-containing solution by the scandium separation and purification method described above.
- a method for producing scandium oxide includes an extraction step of mixing scandium-containing solution and an organic solvent containing trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) to extract scandium in the organic solvent, the organic solvent, water, Mixing with a back-extraction starting solution containing at least one of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and oxalic acid, back-extracting the scandium from an organic solvent to obtain a back-extracted solution, and water in the back-extraction step.
- TOPO trioctylphosphine oxide
- the extraction step and the back extraction step are the same as those in the above-described scandium separation and purification method, and thus description thereof is omitted.
- the crystallization step when back extraction is performed using a back extraction starting solution containing one or more of water, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid in the back extraction step, The solid crystals of scandium oxalate are produced and recovered by adding oxalic acid to the solution.
- scandium oxalate crystals are obtained along with the back extraction process, and are collected.
- the scandium oxalate is heated and subjected to a thermal decomposition (firing) treatment to obtain a scandium oxide oxide (oxidation step). (Scandium conversion step). Thereby, it can convert into the form which can utilize scandium easily.
- the treatment conditions in the pyrolysis step are not particularly limited.
- a solid crystal of scandium oxalate obtained by crystallization in a pyrolysis furnace such as a tubular furnace is charged, and 700 ° C. to 900 ° C. in an oxygen atmosphere. It can be performed under a temperature condition of about °C or less.
- scandium can be selectively extracted from a scandium-containing solution using an organic solvent containing trioctylphosphine oxide, and back extraction can be performed with high fluidity. Therefore, scandium oxide can be obtained with high yield from the scandium-containing solution that is the stock solution. Further, the obtained scandium oxide has a low impurity element quality and becomes a high-purity compound.
- Example 1 (1) Extraction step Scandium (Sc) containing solution (stock solution) 103L having the composition shown in Table 1 below and trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) (made by Hokuko Chemical Co., Ltd.) as a solvent Shellsol A (made by Shell Chemicals) Then, 2.6 L of an organic solvent dissolved at a concentration of 13 v / v% was stirred for 60 minutes and mixed to obtain an extracted organic phase containing scandium. Note that the scandium concentration in the extraction residual liquid was less than 0.1 mg / l, and the extraction rate was 99.8% or more.
- TOPO trioctylphosphine oxide
- FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the number of washings with respect to the organic solvent and the metal quality (impurity metal concentration) in the washing solution.
- the impurity metal concentration to be eluted can be removed to a level of 0.001 g / l or less by washing the extracted organic phase three times.
- scandium remains at a loss of the order of 0.01 g / l, and it can be seen that only impurities can be effectively removed without separating scandium extracted into an organic solvent into an aqueous phase.
- FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the number of back extraction operations and the concentration of each metal element in the aqueous phase in the back extract.
- the dried oxalate was transferred to a high-purity magnesia boat and placed in a quartz tube tube furnace, and air was sent at a flow rate of 2 L / min and oxidized by heat decomposition at 850 ° C. for 2 hours. Scandium was produced. Thereafter, the obtained scandium oxide was cooled to room temperature and taken out, and the metal quality contained in the oxide was analyzed by emission spectroscopy. The analysis results are shown in Table 2 below.
- Example 2 Acid concentration dependence of Sc extraction and back extraction
- 100 L of an aqueous chloride solution containing 0.11 g / l of scandium and 220 g / l of nickel, and 6.7 L of an organic solvent diluted to 10% by volume with the solvent Shellsol A were mixed with stirring for 10 minutes. Scandium was extracted into the organic phase.
- the phase ratio O / A is 1/15.
- a concentration of less than 2.0 mol / l for a hydrochloric acid solution and a concentration of less than 3.5 mol / l for a sulfuric acid solution are suitable acid concentrations for the back extraction treatment.
- Example 3 Treatment of stock solution coexisting with zirconium (Zr)]
- Zirconium removal process Zr extraction process
- 400 ml each of a 11.5 mol / l hydrochloric acid solution and pure water are added to the dissolved solution (stock solution) for dilution, and a solvent containing tenoyl trifluoroacetone (TTA) at a concentration of 50 g / l.
- 400 ml of Shellsol A solution was added and mixed with stirring for 10 minutes to extract and separate zirconium in the stock solution.
- all elements other than the elements shown in Table 3 were below the lower limit of detection by emission spectroscopy.
- Example 4 The dried crystals were pyrolyzed under the same conditions as in Example 1 to produce scandium oxide. Thereafter, the obtained scandium oxide was cooled to room temperature and taken out, and the metal quality contained in the oxide was analyzed by emission spectroscopy. The analysis results are shown in Table 4 below.
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、日本国において2012年6月19日に出願された日本特許出願番号特願2012-137891を基礎として優先権を主張するものであり、これらの出願を参照することにより、本出願に援用される。
1.本発明の概要
2.スカンジウムの分離精製方法
2-1.抽出工程
2-2.スクラビング工程(洗浄工程)
2-3.逆抽出工程
2―4.結晶化工程
2-5.まとめ
3.酸化スカンジウムの製造方法
4.実施例
本発明に係るスカンジウムの分離精製方法は、スカンジウムを含有する鉱石や中間物を酸溶液等で浸出処理して得られた水溶液から、スカンジウムを選択的に抽出して分離精製する方法である。
本実施の形態に係るスカンジウムの分離精製方法は、図1の工程図に示すように、スカンジウムを含む水溶液とトリオクチルホスフィンオキシド(TOPO)を含む有機溶媒とを混合して有機溶媒中にスカンジウムを抽出する抽出工程と、その有機溶媒と、水、塩酸、硫酸、シュウ酸の何れか1種類以上を含有する逆抽出始液とを混合し、有機溶媒からスカンジウムを逆抽出して逆抽出後液を得る逆抽出工程とを有する。
抽出工程では、スカンジウムを含有する鉱石や中間物を塩酸や硫酸等の酸溶液によって浸出処理等することによって得られたスカンジウムを含有する水溶液(スカンジウム含有溶液)と、抽出剤を含む有機溶媒とを混合して、有機溶媒中にスカンジウムを選択的に抽出する溶媒抽出処理を行う。
→Sc-R3+3NaCl+3H2O ・・・(1)
(なお、式中のH-Rは酸性抽出剤を表す。)
上述した抽出工程において用いる抽出剤であるTOPOは、溶液中に共存する不純物に対する選択性が高い。しかしながら、スカンジウム含有溶液中に抽出目的とするスカンジウム以外に大過剰の不純物元素が共存する場合には、スカンジウムを抽出した後に、それを逆抽出する前に、その有機溶媒(有機相)に対するスクラビング(溶媒の洗浄)処理を施し、不純物元素を水相に分離して抽出剤から除去することが好ましい。
逆抽出工程では、抽出工程を経てスカンジウムを抽出した有機溶媒、あるいは抽出工程でスカンジウムを抽出した後にスクラビング工程を経て不純物元素を分離除去した有機溶媒から、スカンジウムを逆抽出する。
→Sc2(C2O4)3+3TOPO+6HCl ・・・(3)
以上のように、トリオクチルホスフィンオキシドを含む有機溶媒を用いて抽出し、得られた有機溶媒を水、塩酸、硫酸、シュウ酸の何れか1種類以上を含有する逆抽出始液と混合して逆抽出することによって、水溶液の形態で高い流動性で以ってスカンジウムを分離精製することができる。
以上説明したように、本実施の形態に係るスカンジウムの分離精製方法においては、スカンジウム含有溶液とトリオクチルホスフィンオキシドを含む有機溶媒とを混合してスカンジウムを抽出し、その有機溶媒と、水、塩酸、硫酸、シュウ酸の何れか1種類以上を含有する逆抽出始液とを混合してスカンジウムを逆抽出する。
上述したスカンジウムの分離精製方法によりスカンジウム含有溶液から分離精製したスカンジウムを用いて、酸化スカンジウムを製造することができる。
以下に本発明の実施例を説明するが、本発明は下記の実施例に限定されるものではない。
(1)抽出工程
下記表1の組成からなるスカンジウム(Sc)含有溶液(原液)103Lと、トリオクチルホスフィンオキシド(TOPO)(北興化学工業(株)製)を溶剤Shellsol A(Shell Chemicals社製)に13v/v%濃度で溶解した有機溶媒2.6Lとを60分攪拌して混合し、スカンジウムを含む抽出有機相を得た。なお、抽出残液中のスカンジウム濃度は0.1mg/l未満であり、抽出率は99.8%以上であった。
次に、抽出工程で得られたスカンジウムを含む有機溶媒(抽出有機相)を、濃度6.5mol/lの塩酸溶液を用いて、相比O/A=1/1の比率となるように混合して10分間攪拌することによって洗浄した。その後、水相を分離して、有機相は再び濃度6.5mol/lの新たな塩酸溶液と混合して洗浄し、同様に水相を分離した。このような洗浄操作を合計3回繰り返した。
次に、洗浄後の抽出有機相を、濃度1%(約0.3mol/l)の塩酸溶液を用いて、相比O/A=1/1の比率となるように混合し20分攪拌し、スカンジウムを水相に逆抽出した。その後、静置して水相を分離し、再び濃度1%の新たな塩酸溶液を用いて同様に混合し、水相を分離した。このような逆抽出操作を3回繰り返した。
上述した逆抽出操作による3回分の逆抽出後液を合わせて、その抽出後液中に含まれるスカンジウム量に対して計算量で2倍となるシュウ酸・2水和物(三菱ガス(株)製)の結晶18gを溶解し、60分攪拌混合してシュウ酸スカンジウムの白色結晶性沈殿を生成させた。そして、生成した白色結晶性沈殿を吸引濾過し、純水500mlで洗浄した後、105℃にて8時間乾燥させた。
スカンジウム0.11g/l、ニッケル220g/lを含む塩化物水溶液100Lと、TOPOを溶剤Shellsol Aを用いて希釈し10体積%とした有機溶媒6.7Lとを混合し、10分間攪拌混合し、スカンジウムを有機相に抽出した。なお、相比O/Aは1/15の比率となる。
(1)脱ジルコニウム工程(Zr抽出工程)
ジルコニウム(Zr)を含む下記表3の組成の原料125gを、11.5mol/l濃度の塩酸溶液600mlと混合し、30分間攪拌して完全に溶解させた。次に、溶解した溶液(原液)に、濃度11.5mol/lの塩酸溶液と純水をそれぞれ400ml添加して希釈し、さらに、テノイルトリフルオロアセトン(TTA)を濃度50g/lで含有する溶剤Shellsol A溶液400mlを添加し、10分攪拌混合し、原液中のジルコニウムを抽出し分離した。なお、表3に示す元素の以外の元素は、全て発光分光分析法による検出下限以下であった。
上記(1)における脱ジルコニウム工程にてジルコニウムを除去した後の抽出残液に、さらに濃度11.5mol/lの塩酸溶液1.75Lと水2.25Lを添加し、TOPOを20v/v%の割合で含有する溶剤Shellsol A20Lを混合し、1時間攪拌してスカンジウムを抽出した。
洗浄後の抽出有機相に、シュウ酸・2水和物343g(抽出有機相中のスカンジウム量に対して計算量で1当量)を水5Lに溶解した水溶液(0.5mol/l)を添加して60分攪拌し、スカンジウムをシュウ酸スカンジウムの結晶として逆抽出した。得られた結晶は水相の底から吸引し、その吸引濾過後、エタノール300mlと水500mlで順次洗浄した。洗浄後の結晶は、105℃にて8時間かけて乾燥させた。
Claims (7)
- スカンジウムを含む水溶液とトリオクチルホスフィンオキシドを含む有機溶媒とを混合して該有機溶媒中にスカンジウムを抽出する抽出工程と、
上記有機溶媒と、水、塩酸、硫酸、シュウ酸の何れか1種類以上を含有する逆抽出始液とを混合し、該有機溶媒からスカンジウムを逆抽出して逆抽出後液を得る逆抽出工程と
を有することを特徴とするスカンジウムの分離精製方法。 - 上記抽出工程にてスカンジウムを抽出した上記有機溶媒を、2.0mol/l以上9.0mol/l以下の濃度の塩酸溶液、又は、3.5mol/l以上9.0mol/l以下の濃度の硫酸溶液と混合して不純物を分離するスクラビング工程を有することを特徴とする請求項1記載のスカンジウムの分離精製方法。
- 上記逆抽出工程では、2.0mol/l未満の塩酸溶液、又は、3.5mol/l未満の硫酸溶液を逆抽出始液として用いることを特徴とする請求項1記載のスカンジウムの分離精製方法。
- 上記逆抽出工程では、0.1mol/l以上1.0mol/l未満のシュウ酸溶液を逆抽出始液として用い、シュウ酸スカンジウムの結晶を得ることを特徴とする請求項1記載のスカンジウムの分離精製方法。
- 上記逆抽出工程において、水、塩酸溶液、硫酸溶液の何れか1種以上を逆抽出始液として用いてスカンジウムを逆抽出して得られた逆抽出後液にシュウ酸を添加し、シュウ酸スカンジウムの結晶を得る結晶化工程を有することを特徴とする請求項1記載のスカンジウムの分離精製方法。
- 上記スカンジウムを含む水溶液にジルコニウムが含有されている場合には、上記抽出工程に先立ち、該水溶液とテノイルトリフルオルアセトンを含む有機溶媒とを混合し、ジルコニウムを該有機溶媒中に抽出して分離させることを特徴とする請求項1記載のスカンジウムの分離精製方法。
- スカンジウムを含む水溶液とトリオクチルホスフィンオキシドを含む有機溶媒とを混合して該有機溶媒中にスカンジウムを抽出する抽出工程と、
上記有機溶媒と、水、塩酸、硫酸、シュウ酸の何れか1種類以上を含有する逆抽出始液とを混合し、該有機溶媒からスカンジウムを逆抽出して逆抽出後液を得る逆抽出工程と、
上記逆抽出工程にて水、塩酸、硫酸の何れか1種以上を含有する逆抽出始液を用いて逆抽出した場合には、得られた逆抽出後液にシュウ酸を添加し、シュウ酸スカンジウムの結晶を得る結晶化工程と、
得られたシュウ酸スカンジウムを加熱して熱分解することによって酸化スカンジウムを得る熱分解工程と
を有することを特徴とする酸化スカンジウムの製造方法。
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JP6128166B2 (ja) * | 2015-06-22 | 2017-05-17 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 酸化スカンジウムの製造方法 |
US10047414B2 (en) | 2016-02-11 | 2018-08-14 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Method of refining of scandium oxide from concentrates using solvent extraction |
JP6409796B2 (ja) | 2016-02-23 | 2018-10-24 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | スカンジウムの回収方法 |
JP6373913B2 (ja) * | 2016-08-24 | 2018-08-15 | 国立大学法人九州大学 | スカンジウムの精製方法、スカンジウム抽出剤 |
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EP2995693A1 (en) | 2014-09-10 | 2016-03-16 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Extraction/separation method |
JP2016186108A (ja) * | 2015-03-27 | 2016-10-27 | 国立研究開発法人日本原子力研究開発機構 | スカンジウム及び/又はランタノイドの抽出方法 |
US10651479B2 (en) | 2018-02-05 | 2020-05-12 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Method of recovering metal compounds from solid oxide fuel cell scrap |
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JP5403115B2 (ja) | 2014-01-29 |
PH12014502829B1 (en) | 2015-02-02 |
US9187805B2 (en) | 2015-11-17 |
US20150184268A1 (en) | 2015-07-02 |
CN104395486A (zh) | 2015-03-04 |
PH12014502829A1 (en) | 2015-02-02 |
AU2013278658A1 (en) | 2015-01-22 |
CN104395486B (zh) | 2018-07-31 |
JP2014001430A (ja) | 2014-01-09 |
AU2013278658B2 (en) | 2015-10-01 |
AU2013278658C1 (en) | 2017-05-04 |
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