WO2013171975A1 - 窒化物半導体装置の製造方法 - Google Patents
窒化物半導体装置の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910021478 group 5 element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 abstract 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 191
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 51
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical group [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 50
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 32
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 15
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 10
- XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylgallium Chemical compound C[Ga](C)C XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NWAIGJYBQQYSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidyneindigane Chemical compound [In]#N NWAIGJYBQQYSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- IBEFSUTVZWZJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylindium Chemical compound C[In](C)C IBEFSUTVZWZJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RNQKDQAVIXDKAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum gallium Chemical compound [Al].[Ga] RNQKDQAVIXDKAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical compound [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MSNOMDLPLDYDME-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Au] MSNOMDLPLDYDME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/301—AIII BV compounds, where A is Al, Ga, In or Tl and B is N, P, As, Sb or Bi
- C23C16/303—Nitrides
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- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B25/00—Single-crystal growth by chemical reaction of reactive gases, e.g. chemical vapour-deposition growth
- C30B25/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
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- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/40—AIIIBV compounds wherein A is B, Al, Ga, In or Tl and B is N, P, As, Sb or Bi
- C30B29/403—AIII-nitrides
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- H01L33/32—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table containing nitrogen
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a nitride semiconductor device for growing a multilayer film of a III-V nitride semiconductor.
- the nitride semiconductor layer is generally formed on an inexpensive silicon substrate or sapphire substrate.
- the lattice constant of these semiconductor substrates and the lattice constant of the nitride semiconductor layer are greatly different, and the thermal expansion coefficient is also different. For this reason, a large strain energy is generated in the nitride semiconductor layer formed by epitaxial growth on the semiconductor substrate. As a result, the nitride semiconductor layer is likely to generate cracks and crystal quality.
- a method has been proposed in which a buffer layer in which a nitride semiconductor layer is stacked is disposed between a silicon substrate and a functional layer made of a nitride semiconductor (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- a method of fixing the flow rate of ammonia (NH 3 ) gas, which is a Group V element material, and switching the flow rate of Group III element material gas is employed. For this reason, the ratio of the Group V element to the Group III element is determined by the supply amount of the Group III element source gas.
- NH 3 ammonia
- the current mainstream buffer layer is a gallium nitride (GaN) layer and aluminum nitride (AlN) layer stack, or an aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) layer and AlN layer stack.
- the vapor pressure of trimethylaluminum (TMA) gas that is a raw material of aluminum (Al) is lower than the vapor pressure of trimethylgallium (TMG) gas that is a raw material of gallium (Ga). Therefore, the ratio of the group V element source gas to the group III element source gas during the growth of the AlN layer (hereinafter referred to as “V / III ratio”) is higher than the V / III ratio during the growth of the GaN layer.
- the V / III ratio during the growth of the AlN layer is a value obtained by dividing the number of moles of ammonia gas supplied by the number of moles of TMA gas supplied.
- the V / III ratio during the growth of the GaN layer is a value obtained by dividing the number of moles of ammonia gas supplied by the number of moles of TMG gas supplied.
- the GaN layer requires a high V / III ratio in order to reduce nitrogen vacancies.
- the V / III ratio is increased in the AlN layer, the influence of a parasitic reaction that does not contribute to film formation increases.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a nitride semiconductor device in which a laminated structure of group III-V nitride semiconductor layers is grown at a V / III ratio suitable for each layer.
- a method for manufacturing a nitride semiconductor device in which a multilayer film of a group III-V nitride semiconductor is grown in a reaction furnace into which a group III element source gas and a group V element source gas are introduced. (B) growing a first nitride semiconductor layer at a first source gas flow rate of the group V element source gas and a first carrier gas flow rate; and (b) a first of the group V element source gas.
- a method of manufacturing a nitride semiconductor device in which a semiconductor layer and a second nitride semiconductor layer are stacked is provided.
- a method for manufacturing a nitride semiconductor device in which a laminated structure of group III-V nitride semiconductor layers is grown at a V / III ratio suitable for each layer.
- FIG. 1 It is typical sectional drawing which shows the structure of the laminated body manufactured by the manufacturing method of the nitride semiconductor device which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows the gas flow rate for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the nitride semiconductor device which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows the gas flow rate for demonstrating the manufacturing method of a comparative example. It is a graph which shows the result of having compared the characteristic of the nitride semiconductor device each manufactured by the manufacturing method which concerns on embodiment of this invention, and the manufacturing method of a comparative example. It is typical sectional drawing which shows the example of the nitride semiconductor device manufactured by the manufacturing method which concerns on embodiment of this invention. FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another example of the nitride semiconductor device manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the embodiment of the present invention. It is a graph which shows the gas flow rate for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the other nitride semiconductor device which concerns on embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a structural example of a nitride semiconductor device 1 manufactured by a manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the nitride semiconductor device 1 includes a semiconductor substrate 10 and a stacked body 20 disposed on the semiconductor substrate 10.
- the stacked body 20 is a multilayer film of a group III-V nitride semiconductor, and specifically has a structure in which first nitride semiconductor layers 21 and second nitride semiconductor layers 22 are alternately stacked.
- the semiconductor substrate 10 is, for example, a silicon substrate having a lattice constant different from that of the stacked body 20.
- the semiconductor substrate 10 is stored in a reaction furnace 100 of a film forming apparatus such as a metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) apparatus. Then, the process of growing the first nitride semiconductor layer 21 and the second nitride semiconductor layer 22 by supplying the group III element source gas, the group V element source gas, and the carrier gas into the reaction furnace 100 is repeated.
- a carrier gas a mixed gas of nitrogen and hydrogen is used.
- the first nitride semiconductor layer 21 is more likely to escape nitrogen than the second nitride semiconductor layer 22 and nitrogen vacancies are likely to occur.
- the first nitride semiconductor layer 21 is made of GaN and the second nitride semiconductor layer 22 is made of AlN will be described as an example. Since Al has a stronger binding force with nitrogen than Ga, nitrogen is more easily released from the GaN layer than from the AlN layer.
- a source gas of Ga which is a group III element and a source gas of nitrogen which is a group V element are supplied into the reactor 100 by a carrier gas.
- an Al source gas, which is a group III element, and a nitrogen source gas are supplied into the reaction furnace 100 by a carrier gas.
- ammonia (NH 3 ) gas can be used as the nitrogen source gas.
- trimethylgallium (TMG) gas can be used as the Ga source gas
- TMA trimethylaluminum
- FIG. 2 The vertical axis of the graph shown in FIG. 2 is the flow rate of each gas, and the horizontal axis is time.
- Time t1 to t2 is a condition change period, and the raw material gas remaining in the reaction furnace 100 is exhausted from the reaction furnace 100. Thereby, the change of the V / III ratio can be made sharp in the subsequent film formation process.
- the first nitride semiconductor layer 21 made of GaN is grown. Specifically, together with the TMG gas that is a group III element source gas, ammonia gas that is a group V element source gas is supplied to the reactor 100 at a first source gas flow rate N1. At this time, the flow rate of the carrier gas is the first carrier gas flow rate C1. TMA gas is not supplied during the formation of the first nitride semiconductor layer 21.
- the second nitride semiconductor layer 22 made of AlN is grown. Specifically, together with TMA gas that is a group III element source gas, ammonia gas that is a group V element source gas is supplied to the reactor 100 at a second source gas flow rate N2 that is less than the first source gas flow rate N1. . At this time, the flow rate of the carrier gas is a second carrier gas flow rate C2 that is higher than the first carrier gas flow rate C1. TMG gas is not supplied during the formation of the second nitride semiconductor layer 22.
- the second raw material gas flow rate N2 is set to be smaller than the first raw material gas flow rate N1. Details of the flow adjustment of the ammonia gas will be described later.
- the total gas flow rate supplied to the reactor 100 during the growth of the second nitride semiconductor layer 22 is substantially the same as the total gas flow rate during the growth of the first nitride semiconductor layer 21.
- the second carrier gas flow rate C2 is set. Accordingly, the carrier gas is supplied at the second carrier gas flow rate C2 that is larger than the first carrier gas flow rate C1.
- the first nitride semiconductor layer 21 made of GaN is grown in the same manner as at time t2 to t3.
- the second nitride semiconductor layer 22 made of AlN is grown in the same manner as at time t3 to t4.
- the first nitride semiconductor layer 21 and the second nitride semiconductor layer 22 are grown alternately to form the stacked body 20.
- FIG. 2 shows an example in which TMA gas and ammonia gas are supplied to the reaction furnace 100 from time t0 to t1 to form an AlN initial layer on the semiconductor substrate 10.
- the AlN initial layer is a nitride semiconductor layer that contacts the semiconductor substrate 10 as a part of the buffer layer, and is formed thicker than the first nitride semiconductor layer 21 and the second nitride semiconductor layer 22.
- the kind and flow rate of the source gas for forming the AlN initial layer are the same as those of the second nitride semiconductor layer 22 made of AlN. However, the AlN initial layer may not be formed.
- the second source gas flow rate N2 is set smaller than the first source gas flow rate N1. This is because, in the first nitride semiconductor layer 21 made of GaN and the second nitride semiconductor layer 22 made of AlN, the source gas of the group V element with respect to the number of moles of the group III element source gas at the time of growth. This is because the optimum value of the mole ratio (V / III ratio) is different.
- the GaN layer is more liable to escape nitrogen than the AlN layer, and nitrogen vacancies are more likely to occur. For this reason, a high V / III ratio is required for the growth of the GaN layer in order to improve crystallinity. Specifically, the V / III ratio suitable for the growth of the GaN layer is about 500 to 2500.
- the flow rate of ammonia gas is set so that the V / III ratio is suitable for the growth of the GaN layer. Therefore, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, when the flow rate of the ammonia gas that is the group V element source gas is made constant and only the type of the group III element source gas to be supplied is switched, the second layer made of AlN is used.
- the V / III ratio during the growth of the nitride semiconductor layer 22 becomes higher than the V / III ratio during the growth of the first nitride semiconductor layer 21 made of GaN. This is because the vapor pressure of TMA is lower than that of TMG.
- the V / III ratio during the growth of the AlN layer is higher than that during the growth of the GaN layer. Also, it is 2000-7500. This V / III ratio is too high for the optimum conditions of the AlN layer.
- the V / III ratio of the AlN layer is increased, the influence of the parasitic reaction that does not contribute to the film formation increases. As a result, a decrease in growth rate and a deterioration in material efficiency become remarkable.
- the GaN layer grown at the set ammonia gas flow rate has a V / III ratio that is too low and the characteristics deteriorate. .
- the second nitride made of AlN is used rather than the flow rate of ammonia gas (first raw material gas flow rate N1) during the growth of the first nitride semiconductor layer 21 made of GaN.
- the ammonia gas flow rate (second raw material gas flow rate N2) during the growth of the semiconductor layer 22 is set small.
- the second nitride semiconductor layer 22 can be grown under growth conditions close to the optimum conditions for AlN layer growth. For example, by setting the second source gas flow rate N2 to half of the first source gas flow rate N1, the V / III ratio at the time of growing the second nitride semiconductor layer 22 is changed to an ammonia gas suitable for the growth of the GaN layer. Compared to the case where the flow rate is still, it can be reduced to about 1000 to 4000.
- the first nitride semiconductor layer 21 and the second nitride semiconductor layer 22 are grown so that the respective V / III ratios are optimized.
- the flow rate of ammonia gas during growth is set. As a result, the laminated body 20 with high crystal quality is obtained.
- the flow rate of the carrier gas is adjusted in accordance with the change in the flow rate of the ammonia gas during the growth of the first nitride semiconductor layer 21 and during the growth of the second nitride semiconductor layer 22. Specifically, the carrier gas flow rate is increased when the ammonia gas flow rate is reduced, and the carrier gas flow rate is decreased when the ammonia gas flow rate is increased.
- the flow rate of the total gas supplied to the reaction furnace 100 during the growth of the first nitride semiconductor layer 21 and the growth of the second nitride semiconductor layer 22 is adjusted to be substantially constant.
- the gas can be switched within the pressure control range of the manufacturing apparatus, and the gas distribution in the reaction furnace 100 can be easily kept constant, so that fluctuations in the growth rate are suppressed.
- a nitride semiconductor device is manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 2 and the manufacturing method of the comparative example shown in FIG.
- a nitride semiconductor layer having a thickness of about 6 ⁇ m was grown on a silicon substrate.
- an AlN initial layer and a buffer layer were grown on a silicon substrate by about 3 ⁇ m, and a GaN layer was grown on the buffer layer by about 3 ⁇ m.
- the buffer layer has a structure in which an AlN layer and a GaN layer are stacked.
- the flow rate of the ammonia gas during the growth of the GaN layer was increased and the flow rate of the carrier gas was decreased as compared with the manufacturing conditions of the comparative example.
- the gas flow rate which flows into a reaction furnace was made substantially constant with the manufacturing method which concerns on embodiment, and the manufacturing method of a comparative example.
- FIG. 4 shows the measurement results of the longitudinal leakage current of the nitride semiconductor device manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the embodiment and the manufacturing method of the comparative example.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 4 is the leakage current Isub, and the horizontal axis is the applied voltage Vds.
- the leakage current of the nitride semiconductor device manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the embodiment is shown as Ia
- the leakage current of the nitride semiconductor device manufactured by the manufacturing method of the comparative example is shown as Ib.
- the leakage current Ia in the manufacturing method according to the embodiment is 1/10 or less when 800 V is applied, compared to the leakage current Ib in the manufacturing method of the comparative example. That is, according to the manufacturing method according to the embodiment, a high breakdown voltage of the nitride semiconductor device can be realized.
- FIG. 5 shows an example in which a laminate 20 in which a GaN layer and an AlN layer are laminated is used as a buffer layer.
- the nitride semiconductor device shown in FIG. 5 is an example in which a stacked body 20 is used as a buffer layer to form a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT). That is, the nitride semiconductor device shown in FIG. 5 has a functional layer 30 having a structure in which a carrier supply layer 32 and a carrier running layer 31 that forms a heterojunction with the carrier supply layer 32 are stacked.
- HEMT high electron mobility transistor
- a heterojunction surface is formed at the interface between the carrier traveling layer 31 and the carrier supply layer 32 made of nitride semiconductors having different band gap energies, and a two-dimensional current path (channel) is formed in the carrier traveling layer 31 near the heterojunction surface.
- a carrier gas layer 33 is formed.
- a source electrode 41, a drain electrode 42 and a gate electrode 43 are formed on the functional layer 30.
- the source electrode 41 and the drain electrode 42 are formed of a metal capable of low resistance contact (ohmic contact) with the functional layer 30.
- a metal capable of low resistance contact for example, Al, titanium (Ti), or the like can be used for the source electrode 41 and the drain electrode 42.
- the source electrode 41 and the drain electrode 42 are formed as a laminate of Ti and Al.
- nickel gold (NiAu) or the like can be employed for example.
- the nitride semiconductor device using the stacked body 20 is a HEMT is shown, but a transistor having another structure such as a field effect transistor (FET) may be formed using the stacked body 20.
- FET field effect transistor
- a plurality of III groups such as an aluminum gallium nitride layer represented by a composition formula Al x Ga 1-x N, Al y Ga 1-y N (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, x ⁇ y)
- Al x Ga 1-x N Al y Ga 1-y N
- Al x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, x ⁇ y aluminum gallium nitride layer represented by a composition formula Al x Ga 1-x N, Al y Ga 1-y N (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, x ⁇ y)
- the flow rates of ammonia gas and carrier gas are adjusted according to the composition of the layer.
- the Al composition ratio of the AlGaN layer is low, the flow rate of ammonia gas during growth is increased as in the GaN layer.
- a stacked body 20 having a structure in which a first nitride semiconductor layer 21 made of AlN having a thickness of about 5 nm and a second nitride semiconductor layer 22 made of AlGaN having a thickness of about 30 nm are stacked can be used as the buffer layer. .
- an indium gallium nitride layer represented by a composition formula In x Ga 1-x N, In y Ga 1-y N (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, x ⁇ y) will be described.
- the indium nitride (InN) layer is more likely to generate nitrogen vacancies than the GaN layer. This is because Ga has a stronger bond with nitrogen than indium (In). For this reason, it is necessary to increase the V / III ratio during the growth of the InN layer and to decrease the V / III ratio during the growth of the GaN layer.
- the stacked body 20 in which the InN layer is formed as the first nitride semiconductor layer 21 and the GaN layer is formed as the second nitride semiconductor layer 22 is obtained.
- the flow rate of the carrier gas is increased or decreased in accordance with the increase or decrease of the flow rate of the ammonia gas. In this way, the flow rates of the ammonia gas and the carrier gas may be adjusted depending on the combination of the stacked layers.
- the laminate 20 may be used not only as a buffer layer but also as a superlattice layer.
- FIG. 6 shows an example in which the stacked body 20 is used for the active layer 36 of the light emitting device. That is, the active layer 36 shown in FIG. 6 has a multiple quantum well (MQW) structure in which barrier layers and well layers having a smaller band gap than that of the barrier layers are alternately arranged, and this MQW structure has indium gallium nitride (InGaN).
- MQW multiple quantum well
- InGaN indium gallium nitride
- a stacked structure of a first nitride semiconductor layer 21 made of) and a second nitride semiconductor layer 22 made of GaN can be employed.
- the electrons supplied from the n-type cladding layer 35 and the holes supplied from the p-type cladding layer 37 are recombined in the active layer 36 to generate light.
- illustration of the semiconductor substrate is omitted.
- the n-type cladding layer 35 is, for example, a GaN layer doped with n-type impurities.
- an n-side electrode 45 is connected to the n-type cladding layer 35, and electrons are supplied to the n-side electrode 45 from a negative power source outside the light emitting device. As a result, electrons are supplied from the n-type cladding layer 35 to the active layer 36.
- the p-type cladding layer 37 is, for example, an AlGaN layer doped with p-type impurities.
- a p-side electrode 47 is connected to the p-type cladding layer 37, and holes are supplied to the p-side electrode 47 from a positive power supply external to the light emitting device. As a result, holes are supplied from the p-type cladding layer 37 to the active layer 36.
- FIG. 7 shows an example of a gas flow rate for forming the stacked body 20 of the first nitride semiconductor layer 21 made of InGaN and the second nitride semiconductor layer 22 made of GaN as the active layer 36.
- Time t1 to t2 in FIG. 7 is a condition change period.
- An InGaN layer is formed from time t2 to t3, and a GaN layer is formed from time t3 to t4.
- an InGaN layer is formed from time t4 to t5
- a GaN layer is further formed from time t5 to t6.
- InGaN layers and GaN layers are alternately formed to form an active layer 36 composed of a stacked body of InGaN layers and GaN layers.
- the V / III ratio during growth of the InGaN layer that is, the value of “number of moles of ammonia gas / (number of moles of TMG gas + number of moles of trimethylindium (TMI) gas)” is set to about 5000 to 25000. If the GaN layer is grown by flowing only the TMG gas with the ammonia gas flow rate under this condition, the V / III ratio during the growth of the GaN layer becomes higher by the amount of decrease in the TMI gas. Specifically, the V / III ratio during the growth of the GaN layer is about 10,000 to 50,000, which is about twice that during the growth of the InGaN layer.
- the flow rate of ammonia gas is reduced to lower the V / III ratio and bring it closer to the optimum growth conditions for the GaN layer.
- the ammonia gas flow rate (second raw material gas flow rate N2) during the growth of the GaN layer is made half of the ammonia gas flow rate (first raw material gas flow rate N1) during the growth of the InGaN layer.
- the V / III ratio during the growth of the GaN layer can be reduced to about 5000 to 25000, which is half that of the case where the flow rate of the ammonia gas suitable for the growth of the InGaN layer is maintained.
- the second carrier gas flow rate C2 is set so that the total gas flow rate supplied to the reactor 100 during the growth of the GaN layer is the same as the total gas flow rate during the growth of the InGaN layer. That is, the carrier gas is supplied at a second carrier gas flow rate C2 that is higher than the first carrier gas flow rate C1.
- n-type cladding layer 35 and the p-type cladding layer 37 may be superlattice layers using the stacked body 20.
- the method for manufacturing a nitride semiconductor device when the growth of the first nitride semiconductor layer 21 and the second nitride semiconductor layer 22 in the stacked body 20 is switched.
- the flow rate of the group V element source gas and its carrier gas is switched together with the type of group III element source gas.
- the 1st nitride semiconductor layer 21 and the 2nd nitride semiconductor layer 22 can be made to grow by V / III ratio suitable for each.
- a stacked body 20 with high crystal quality is formed.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (5)
- III族元素原料ガス及びV族元素原料ガスが導入される反応炉内でIII-V族窒化物半導体の多層膜を成長させる窒化物半導体装置の製造方法であって、
前記V族元素原料ガスの第1の原料ガス流量及び第1のキャリアガス流量で第1の窒化物半導体層を成長させるステップと、
前記V族元素原料ガスの前記第1の原料ガス流量よりも少ない第2の原料ガス流量及び前記第1のキャリアガス流量よりも多い第2のキャリアガス流量で、第2の窒化物半導体層を成長させるステップと
を含み、前記第1の窒化物半導体層と前記第2の窒化物半導体層を積層することを特徴とする窒化物半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記III族元素原料ガスに対する前記V族元素原料ガスの比が前記第1及び前記第2の窒化物半導体層にそれぞれ適するように、前記第1及び前記第2の原料ガス流量が設定されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の窒化物半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記V族元素原料ガスがアンモニアガスであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の窒化物半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記第1の窒化物半導体層を成長させるステップにおけるV/III比が、前記第2の窒化物半導体層を成長させるステップにおけるV/III比よりも高いことを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の窒化物半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記反応炉に供給される全ガス流量が前記第1の窒化物半導体層の成長時における全ガス流量と実質的に同じであるようにして前記第2の窒化物半導体層を成長させることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の窒化物半導体装置の製造方法。
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US14/397,589 US9281187B2 (en) | 2012-05-16 | 2013-04-19 | Method for manufacturing nitride semiconductor device |
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CN201380025249.1A CN104541359B (zh) | 2012-05-16 | 2013-04-19 | 氮化物半导体装置的制造方法 |
KR1020187012571A KR101927822B1 (ko) | 2012-05-16 | 2013-04-19 | 질화물 반도체 장치의 제조방법 |
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JP2009123718A (ja) * | 2007-01-16 | 2009-06-04 | Showa Denko Kk | Iii族窒化物化合物半導体素子及びその製造方法、iii族窒化物化合物半導体発光素子及びその製造方法、並びにランプ |
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