WO2013161960A1 - 冷凍機油用エステルおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
冷凍機油用エステルおよびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013161960A1 WO2013161960A1 PCT/JP2013/062267 JP2013062267W WO2013161960A1 WO 2013161960 A1 WO2013161960 A1 WO 2013161960A1 JP 2013062267 W JP2013062267 W JP 2013062267W WO 2013161960 A1 WO2013161960 A1 WO 2013161960A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/08—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/48—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C67/60—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by treatment giving rise to chemical modification
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/32—Esters
- C10M105/38—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
- C10M171/008—Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M177/00—Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositions; Chemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/104—Carboxylic acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/134—Components containing sulfur
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/071—Branched chain compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ester for refrigerator oil and a method for producing the same. According to the present invention, the thermal stability of an ester used for refrigerating machine oil can be improved.
- polyol ester compounds have been found as refrigeration oils and have been used in place of conventional refrigeration oils using mineral oils and synthetic hydrocarbon oils.
- the polyol ester is an ester of a neopentyl polyol and an aliphatic carboxylic acid such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, and dipentaerythritol, and has excellent compatibility with an alternative chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant. Widely used because of its electrical insulation and thermal stability suitable for use as refrigerating machine oil.
- refrigeration oil is required to have higher quality than ever before.
- refrigeration oil that is locally exposed to high-temperature conditions may be thermally decomposed by frictional heat in the sliding part of the compressor, and the generated decomposition product may corrode metal parts or adversely affect resin materials.
- refrigerating machine oil is required to have higher thermal stability than ever.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for simultaneously adding a Lewis acid catalyst and a phosphorus-based reducing agent in an esterification reaction as a production method for obtaining an ester having high thermal stability.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a method for purifying an ester in producing an ester having high thermal stability, after adding a hydrocarbon solvent and an alcohol solvent, and then neutralizing with an alkaline aqueous solution. Yes.
- Patent Document 3 as a method for producing an ester having excellent long-term stability, an unreacted carboxylic acid is adsorbed using an inorganic acid scavenger, and then remaining in the ester using activated carbon or the like.
- the manufacturing method of ester for refrigerator oil which has the process of removing an acid salt is disclosed.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to obtain an ester for refrigerating machine oil having high thermal stability by reducing by-products remaining in the ester.
- the present invention provides a crude ester product obtained by reacting a neopentyl polyol having 5 to 10 carbon atoms with an aliphatic carboxylic acid having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, such as sulfite, bisulfite and pyrosulfite.
- An ester for refrigerating machine oil obtained by treatment with one or two or more salts selected from the group consisting of salts.
- the present invention also includes a step of reacting a neopentyl polyol having 5 to 10 carbon atoms with an aliphatic carboxylic acid having 4 to 12 carbon atoms to obtain a crude ester product, and the resulting crude ester product, And a step of treating with one or more salts selected from the group consisting of sulfite, hydrogen sulfite and pyrosulfite.
- ester by-products remaining in the ester can be reduced, and a highly stable ester for refrigerating machine oil can be obtained.
- the crude ester product refers to an esterified product obtained by reacting a neopentyl polyol having 5 to 10 carbon atoms with an aliphatic carboxylic acid having 4 to 12 carbon atoms.
- neopentyl polyol having 5 to 10 carbon atoms is used as the alcohol.
- Neopentyl polyol is an alcohol having a neopentyl skeleton that does not have a hydrogen atom at the ⁇ -position carbon of the hydroxyl group.
- neopentyl glycol, 2-n-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propane examples thereof include diol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, and dipentaerythritol.
- These alcohols can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having a linear or branched chain having 4 to 12 carbon atoms is used.
- the number of carbon atoms of the fatty acid is more preferably 5 or more, and the number of carbon atoms of the fatty acid is more preferably 10 or less, and particularly preferably 9 or less.
- the fatty acid has a branched chain from the viewpoint of the chlorofluorocarbon compatibility and thermal stability of the ester.
- aliphatic monocarboxylic acids examples include monocarboxylic acids having a linear structure such as valeric acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, and dodecanoic acid; 2 -Methylpropanoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, 2-methylpentanoic acid, 2-ethylbutanoic acid, 2-methylhexanoic acid, 2-ethylpentanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, and Examples thereof include monocarboxylic acids having a branched structure such as neodecanoic acid.
- the said aliphatic carboxylic acid can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types, respectively.
- aliphatic dibasic acids such as succinic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid and sebacic acid can be used in combination.
- the proportion of the aliphatic dibasic acid is preferably 30% by mass or less of the total fatty acid from the viewpoint of the present invention.
- the alcohol and the aliphatic carboxylic acid are charged so that the carboxylic acid group is 1.0 to 1.5 molar equivalents relative to the hydroxyl group of the alcohol.
- the dehydration reaction is performed at a temperature not lower than ° C., preferably 200 to 250 ° C.
- the dehydration reaction may be performed in an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen in order to prevent oxidative degradation of the ester, and the reaction may be performed under reduced pressure conditions in order to efficiently distill off the generated water.
- a Bronsted acid catalyst or a Lewis acid catalyst may be used.
- a step of distilling off excess carboxylic acid present in the reaction product under reduced pressure is performed.
- it is usually preferable to carry out at a reduced pressure of 13 kPa or less in a temperature range of 150 ° C to 250 ° C.
- an inert gas stream such as nitrogen.
- the crude ester product is treated with one or more salts selected from the group consisting of sulfites, hydrogen sulfites and pyrosulfites.
- the metal atoms constituting the salts used in the present invention include alkali metals such as sodium and potassium; alkaline earth metals such as magnesium and calcium. Of these, sodium or potassium salts are preferred from the standpoint of handling as an aqueous solution and the ease of removal after treatment.
- a method of mixing the salt solution is preferable.
- the solvent water can be used, and a method using an aqueous solution containing salts is preferable from the viewpoint of easy handling of the solution and a treatment effect.
- the concentration of the salt solution to be used can be appropriately adjusted depending on the type of the salt to be used, but it is particularly preferable to use 5 to 35% by mass.
- the amount of the salt solution, particularly the aqueous solution, when treating the crude ester product is preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass of the salt in terms of pure matter with respect to 100 parts by mass of the crude ester product. . This amount is more preferably 0.2 parts by mass or more, and further preferably 6 parts by mass or less.
- an aqueous solution having a pure salt concentration of 0.1 to 10% by mass is added to the crude ester product, and the mixture is stirred at a temperature range of 30 to 95 ° C. for 0.5 to 3 hours. Under the same temperature condition, the solution is allowed to stand and be separated, and the lower layer aqueous solution is discharged.
- the standing / separation time is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 2 hours.
- the ester that has been treated with salts can be obtained by finally removing the water remaining in the ester.
- the conditions for removing moisture are preferably 0.5 to 2 hours under a nitrogen stream at 50 to 100 ° C. under reduced pressure of 13 kPa or less.
- an alkaline aqueous solution is added to the crude ester product to neutralize the acid component derived from the aliphatic carboxylic acid remaining in the ester, and preferably, water washing is performed multiple times to retain the water. Leave.
- this alkali potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide are preferable.
- an adsorbent is added and an adsorption treatment is performed under reduced pressure, and then the adsorbent is removed by filtration.
- alumina aluminum oxide
- magnesia magnesium oxide
- activated clay activated carbon
- acidic clay acidic clay
- zeolite alumina (aluminum oxide), magnesia (magnesium oxide), activated clay, activated carbon, acidic clay, and zeolite are preferable.
- the neutralization step (A) may be performed first, or the adsorption step (B) may be performed first.
- the processing process by salts may be implemented before and after the neutralization process (A), before and after the adsorption process (B). It may be carried out either of these, or may be carried out between the neutralization step (A) and the adsorption step (B).
- the treatment step of the present invention is particularly preferably performed after the neutralization step (A) in terms of effect, and it is particularly preferable in terms of efficiency to be performed before the adsorption step (B). More preferably, after neutralizing with an aqueous alkaline solution, washing with water is performed a plurality of times, followed by the treatment of the present invention.
- the oil-soluble by-product present in the ester is reduced by a simple method without increasing complicated steps. Therefore, it is easy to obtain an ester for refrigerating machine oil having improved thermal stability.
- the ester for refrigerating machine oil of the present invention includes known additives, for example, phenolic antioxidants, metal deactivators such as benzotriazole, thiadiazole or dithiocarbamate, acid supplements such as epoxy compounds or carbodiimides, Additives such as phosphorus-based extreme pressure agents can be appropriately blended depending on the purpose.
- additives for example, phenolic antioxidants, metal deactivators such as benzotriazole, thiadiazole or dithiocarbamate, acid supplements such as epoxy compounds or carbodiimides, Additives such as phosphorus-based extreme pressure agents can be appropriately blended depending on the purpose.
- the ester for refrigerating machine oil of the present invention can be mixed with a refrigerant and used as a working fluid composition for refrigerating machine oil.
- a working fluid composition for refrigerating machine oil having a mass ratio of the refrigerating machine oil ester and the refrigerant of, for example, 10:90 to 90:10 can be used.
- the refrigerant used in the working fluid composition include non-chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants such as HFC-134a, HFC-125, HFC-32, and HFO-1234yf, and mixed refrigerants such as R-407C and R-410A.
- the reaction was continued at normal pressure until the hydroxyl value was 5.0 mgKOH / g or less, and then unreacted carboxylic acid was removed under reduced pressure of 1 to 5 kPa over 1 hour.
- the obtained ester was cooled to room temperature to obtain 1824 g of a crude ester product.
- Example 1 After stirring for 30 minutes, the lower aqueous layer was discharged, and then washed with 40 g of ion-exchanged water with stirring. Thereafter, dehydration was performed under conditions of 85 ° C. and 4 kPa, 1 g of activated clay and aluminum oxide were added, respectively, and an adsorption treatment was performed for 2 hours at 85 ° C. and 4 kPa. Finally, it was filtered using a 1 micron filter to obtain a purified product of Example 1.
- Example 2 was carried out except that the crude ester product A was treated with 40 g of a 5% by mass aqueous sodium hydrogen sulfite solution (sodium bisulfite was 1% by mass in terms of pure content with respect to the crude ester product).
- the purified product of Example 2 was obtained by performing the same treatment as in 1.
- the refined product of Comparative Example 1 was obtained by carrying out the same treatment as in Example 1 except that the crude ester A was not treated with an aqueous sodium hydrogen sulfite solution.
- Example 3 except that the salt concentration of the sodium sulfite aqueous solution used for the treatment was 10 mass% with respect to the crude ester product B (sodium sulfite was 2 mass% in terms of pure relative to the crude ester product).
- the purified product of Example 4 was obtained by performing the same treatment as in Example 1.
- Example 5 A purified product of Example 5 was obtained by performing the same treatment as in Example 3 except that the treatment was performed.
- the refined product of Comparative Example 2 was obtained by carrying out the same treatment as in Example 3 except that the crude ester B was not treated with an aqueous sodium sulfite solution.
- Example 6 After stirring for 30 minutes, the lower aqueous layer was discharged, and then washed with 40 g of ion-exchanged water with stirring. Thereafter, dehydration was performed under conditions of 85 ° C. and 4 kPa, 1 g of activated clay and aluminum oxide were added, respectively, and an adsorption treatment was performed for 2 hours at 85 ° C. and 4 kPa. Finally, it was filtered using a 1 micron filter to obtain a purified product of Example 6.
- the salt concentration of the aqueous sodium pyrosulfite solution used for the treatment was 10% by mass (sodium pyrosulfite was 2% by mass in terms of pure content relative to the crude ester product).
- the salt concentration of the aqueous sodium pyrosulfite solution used for the treatment was 1% by mass (sodium pyrosulfite was 0.2% by mass in terms of pure relative to the crude ester product).
- the refined product of Comparative Example 3 was obtained by carrying out the same treatment as in Example 6 except that the crude ester C product was not treated with an aqueous sodium pyrosulfite solution.
- Example 10 it is the same as that of Example 9 except having used 40g of 3 mass% potassium sulfite aqueous solution with respect to the ester rough product D (0.6 mass% of potassium sulfites with respect to a crude ester product in pure conversion).
- the purified product of Example 10 was obtained by carrying out the treatment.
- the refined product of Comparative Example 4 was obtained by performing the same treatment as in Example 9 except that the crude ester product D was not treated with an aqueous potassium sulfite solution.
- Table 1 shows the results of thermal stability evaluation of each ester obtained in the above production process by the shield tube test.
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Abstract
Description
その中でもポリオールエステルは、ネオペンチルグリコール、トリメチロールプロパン、ペンタエリスリトール、およびジペンタエリスリトール等のネオペンチルポリオールと脂肪族カルボン酸とのエステルであり、代替フロン冷媒との相溶性に優れるだけでなく、冷凍機油としての使用に適した電気絶縁性や熱安定性を有している理由から広く使用されるようになった。
以上のことから、冷凍機油にはこれまで以上に高い熱安定性を有することが求められている。
例えば、特許文献1には、高い熱安定性を有するエステルを得るための製造方法として、エステル化反応において、ルイス酸触媒とリン系還元剤を同時に添加する方法が開示されている。
また、特許文献2には、高い熱安定性を有するエステルを製造する際のエステルの精製方法として、炭化水素溶媒とアルコール溶媒を添加した後、アルカリ水溶液を用いて中和する方法が開示されている。
特許文献3には、長期間での安定性に優れるエステルの製造方法として、無機系酸捕捉剤を使用して未反応のカルボン酸を吸着し、ついで活性炭等を用いてエステル中に残存するカルボン酸塩を除去する工程を有する冷凍機油用エステルの製造方法が開示されている。
エステル粗生成物とは、炭素数5から10のネオペンチルポリオールと炭素数4から12の脂肪族カルボン酸を反応させてエステル化したものを指す。
本発明では、エステル粗生成物を、亜硫酸塩、亜硫酸水素塩およびピロ亜硫酸塩からなる群から選ばれる一種または二種以上の塩類によって処理する。
また、本発明の塩類による処理工程以外に、エステル粗生成物に対して以下の精製処理工程(A)、(B)の一方または双方を実施することができる。
(A) 残存する脂肪族カルボン酸由来の酸成分をアルカリ水溶液によって中和する中和工程
(B) 種々の吸着剤を用いて吸着処理する吸着工程
本発明の冷凍機油用エステルには、公知の添加剤、例えば、フェノール系の酸化防止剤、ベンゾトリアゾ-ル、チアジアゾールまたはジチオカーバメートなどの金属不活性化剤、エポキシ化合物またはカルボジイミドなどの酸補足剤、リン系の極圧剤などの添加剤を目的に応じて適宜配合することができる。
また、本発明の冷凍機油用エステルは冷媒と混合して冷凍機油用作動流体組成物として使用できる。冷凍機油用エステルと冷媒の質量比が、例えば10:90から90:10の冷凍機油用作動流体組成物を用いることができる。作動流体組成物に用いる冷媒としては、HFC-134a、HFC-125、HFC-32、HFO-1234yf等の非塩素系フロン冷媒や、R-407C、R-410A等の混合冷媒が挙げられる。また、炭素数1から5の炭化水素冷媒や二酸化炭素をはじめとする自然冷媒についても適用できる。
なお本発明の実施例および比較例で製造されたエステルの各分析方法、ならびに試験方法を以下に記載する。
<酸価> JIS C-2101に準拠して測定する。
<水酸基価> JIS K-0070に準拠して測定する。
<色相(APHA)> JOCS 2.2.1.4-1996に準拠して測定する。
<シールドチューブ試験> ガラス管に予め水分濃度を200ppm以下に調整した試料(エステル)を10g、フロンR-410Aを5g、および直径が1.6mm、長さが50mmの鉄片、銅片、およびアルミ片を各1片ずつ封入し密閉する。これを200℃にて14日間加熱した後、各金属片の外観、ならびに金属片を除いたフロン含有試料の酸価、色相(APHA)を測定した。
(エステル粗生成物A)
温度計、窒素導入管、攪拌機および冷却管と油水分離管を取り付けた3Lの4つ口フラスコに、ペンタエリスリトールを395gと、2-メチルヘキサン酸を975g、3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸を1030g仕込み(カルボン酸基/水酸基=1.20)、窒素気流下、220℃で反応水を留去しつつ常圧で反応し、水酸基価が5.0mgKOH/g以下になるまで反応を続けた後、1~5kPaの減圧下で未反応のカルボン酸を1時間かけて除去した。得られたエステルを室温まで冷却し、エステル粗生成物1831gを得た。
温度計、窒素導入管、攪拌機および冷却管と油水分離管を取り付けた3Lの4つ口フラスコに、ネオペンチルグリコールを316g、ペンタエリスリトールを170gと、2-エチルヘキサン酸を1914g仕込み(カルボン酸基/水酸基=1.20)、窒素気流下、240℃で反応水を留去しつつ常圧で反応し、水酸基価が5.0mgKOH/g以下になるまで反応を続けた後、1~5kPaの減圧下で未反応のカルボン酸を1時間かけて除去した。得られたエステルを室温まで冷却し、エステル粗生成物1861gを得た。
温度計、窒素導入管、攪拌機および冷却管と油水分離管を取り付けた3Lの4つ口フラスコに、ペンタエリスリトールを507gと、n-ペンタン酸を757g、n-ヘプタン酸を757g、3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸を379g仕込み(カルボン酸基/水酸基=1.20)、窒素気流下、モノカルボン酸の還流量に注意しながら徐々に昇温し、210℃で反応水を留去しつつ常圧で反応し、水酸基価が5.0mgKOH/g以下になるまで反応を続けた後、1~5kPaの減圧下で未反応のカルボン酸を1時間かけて除去した。得られたエステルを室温まで冷却し、エステル粗生成物1824gを得た。
温度計、窒素導入管、攪拌機および冷却管と油水分離管を取り付けた3Lの4つ口フラスコに、ペンタエリスリトールを297g、ジペンタエリスリトールを99gと、2-エチルヘキサン酸を1002g、3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸を1002g仕込み(カルボン酸基/水酸基=1.20)、窒素気流下、250℃で反応水を留去しつつ常圧で反応し、水酸基価が5.0mgKOH/g以下になるまで反応を続けた後、1~5kPaの減圧下で未反応のカルボン酸を2時間かけて除去した。得られたエステルを室温まで冷却し、エステル粗生成物1730gを得た。
上記の方法で得られたエステル粗生成物を以下に示す方法で精製処理を行い、冷凍機油用エステルを得た。
エステル粗生成物A200gを85℃まで昇温させて、エステルに10質量%水酸化カリウム水溶液を加えて30分間攪拌することで中和処理(エステルの酸価から算出されるアルカリ当量の1.5倍)を行い、静置分層の後、下層の水層を排出した。その後40gのイオン交換水によりエステルを3回水洗した。水洗後の廃液のpHが中性であることを確認した後、温度80℃の条件下で25質量%の亜硫酸水素ナトリウム水溶液を40g加え(エステル粗生成物に対して亜硫酸水素ナトリウムが純分換算で5質量%)、30分間攪拌した後、下層の水層を排出し、ついで40gのイオン交換水により攪拌水洗を行った。その後85℃、4kPaの条件の下で脱水し、活性白土、酸化アルミニウムをそれぞれ1g加え、85℃、4kPaの条件で2時間吸着処理した。最後に1ミクロンのフィルターを用いてろ過し、実施例1の精製物を得た。
エステル粗生成物B200gを85℃まで昇温させて、エステルに10質量%水酸化カリウム水溶液を加えて30分間攪拌することで中和処理(エステルの酸価から算出されるアルカリ当量の1.5倍)を行い、静置分層の後、下層の水層を排出した。その後40gのイオン交換水によりエステルを3回水洗した。水洗後の廃液のpHが中性であることを確認した後、温度85℃の条件下で20質量%の亜硫酸ナトリウム水溶液を40g加え(エステル粗生成物に対して亜硫酸ナトリウムが純分換算で4質量%)、30分間攪拌した後、下層の水層を排出し、ついで40gのイオン交換水により攪拌水洗を行った。その後85℃、4kPaの条件の下で脱水し、活性白土、酸化アルミニウムをそれぞれ1g加え、85℃、4kPaの条件で2時間吸着処理した。最後に1ミクロンのフィルターを用いてろ過し、実施例3の精製物を得た。
エステル粗生成物C200gを85℃まで昇温させて、エステルに10質量%水酸化カリウム水溶液を加えて30分間攪拌することで中和処理(エステルの酸価から算出されるアルカリ当量の1.5倍)を行い、静置分層の後、下層の水層を排出した。その後40gのイオン交換水によりエステルを3回水洗した。水洗後の廃液のpHが中性であることを確認した後、温度85℃の条件下で25質量%のピロ亜硫酸ナトリウム水溶液を40g加え(エステル粗生成物に対してピロ亜硫酸ナトリウムが純分換算で5質量%)、30分間攪拌した後、下層の水層を排出し、ついで40gのイオン交換水により攪拌水洗を行った。その後85℃、4kPaの条件の下で脱水し、活性白土、酸化アルミニウムをそれぞれ1g加え、85℃、4kPaの条件で2時間吸着処理した。最後に1ミクロンのフィルターを用いてろ過し、実施例6の精製物を得た。
エステル粗生成物D200gを85℃まで昇温させて、エステルに10質量%水酸化カリウム水溶液を加えて30分間攪拌することで中和処理(エステルの酸価から算出されるアルカリ当量の1.5倍)を行い、静置分層の後、下層の水層を排出した。その後40gのイオン交換水によりエステルを3回水洗した。水洗後の廃液のpHが中性であることを確認した後、温度85℃の条件下で30質量%の亜硫酸カリウム水溶液を40g加え(エステル粗生成物に対して亜硫酸カリウムが純分換算で6質量%)、30分間攪拌した後、下層の水層を排出し、ついで40gのイオン交換水により攪拌水洗を行った。その後85℃、4kPaの条件の下で脱水し、活性白土、酸化アルミニウムをそれぞれ1g加え、85℃、4kPaの条件で2時間吸着処理した。最後に1ミクロンのフィルターを用いてろ過し、実施例9の精製物を得た。
上記の製造工程で得られた各エステルについてシールドチューブ試験にて熱安定性を評価した結果を表1に示す。
Claims (2)
- 炭素数5から10のネオペンチルポリオールと、炭素数4から12の脂肪族カルボン酸とが反応して得られたエステル粗生成物が、亜硫酸塩、亜硫酸水素塩およびピロ亜硫酸塩からなる群から選ばれる一種または二種以上の塩類によって処理されて得られたことを特徴とする冷凍機油用エステル。
- 炭素数5から10のネオペンチルポリオールと、炭素数4から12の脂肪族カルボン酸とを反応させてエステル粗生成物を得る工程と、
得られたエステル粗生成物を、亜硫酸塩、亜硫酸水素塩およびピロ亜硫酸塩からなる群から選ばれる一種または二種以上の塩類によって処理する工程とを有することを特徴とする冷凍機油用エステルの製造方法。
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