WO2013131494A1 - 一种利用禽血生产低灰分禽血浆蛋白粉的方法 - Google Patents

一种利用禽血生产低灰分禽血浆蛋白粉的方法 Download PDF

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WO2013131494A1
WO2013131494A1 PCT/CN2013/072366 CN2013072366W WO2013131494A1 WO 2013131494 A1 WO2013131494 A1 WO 2013131494A1 CN 2013072366 W CN2013072366 W CN 2013072366W WO 2013131494 A1 WO2013131494 A1 WO 2013131494A1
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Prior art keywords
plasma
blood
protein powder
poultry
avian
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PCT/CN2013/072366
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
成国祥
江国永
于伟
潘勇
张俊
朱大明
刘明刚
熊开宝
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上海杰隆生物制品股份有限公司
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Application filed by 上海杰隆生物制品股份有限公司 filed Critical 上海杰隆生物制品股份有限公司
Priority to US14/384,010 priority Critical patent/US9578889B2/en
Priority to EP13757800.1A priority patent/EP2823714B1/en
Priority to MX2014010891A priority patent/MX351742B/es
Priority to RU2014140683/10A priority patent/RU2604190C2/ru
Priority to CA2866741A priority patent/CA2866741C/en
Priority to ES13757800.1T priority patent/ES2655213T3/es
Priority to JP2014560238A priority patent/JP5990286B2/ja
Priority to PL13757800T priority patent/PL2823714T3/pl
Priority to BR112014022273-8A priority patent/BR112014022273B1/pt
Publication of WO2013131494A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013131494A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23JPROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
    • A23J1/00Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites
    • A23J1/06Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites from blood
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23JPROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
    • A23J3/00Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
    • A23J3/04Animal proteins
    • A23J3/12Animal proteins from blood
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23JPROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
    • A23J3/00Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
    • A23J3/30Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis
    • A23J3/32Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by hydrolysis using chemical agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K10/00Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/24Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from blood
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K20/00Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10Organic substances
    • A23K20/142Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A23K20/147Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K20/00Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K50/00Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/30Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K50/00Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/60Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for weanlings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/17Amino acids, peptides or proteins

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of biotechnology and modern agriculture; in particular, to a method for preparing low ash avian blood plasma protein powder using poultry blood. Background technique
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a high protein content, low ash avian plasma protein powder and its use.
  • a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a low ash avian blood plasma protein powder, the method comprising the steps of:
  • step (f) adding an emulsifier to the ultrafiltration-treated plasma liquid obtained in the step (e), and performing an emulsification treatment to obtain emulsified plasma;
  • the bird blood is derived from poultry or birds.
  • the poultry is a chicken, duck, or goose; the bird is a pigeon or a sparrow.
  • the anticoagulant component is sodium citrate, and the anticoagulant is added in an amount of 0.1 to 5% (w/w) of the total amount of whole blood.
  • the amount of the anti-coagulant is 0. 4 ⁇ 2% (w / w), preferably 0. 5 ⁇ 1% (w / w); The best is 1% (w/w).
  • the step (a) is to dispose the anticoagulant in an anticoagulant solution having a concentration of 8 to 15%, and mix the anticoagulant aqueous solution with the avian blood to obtain anticoagulated whole blood.
  • the water used to dispose the anticoagulant is pure water or water filtered through a 200 molecular weight nanofiltration membrane (water permeable to the filtration membrane).
  • the steps between steps (a) and (b) include the steps of: pre-filtering the anticoagulated whole blood to remove impurities such as hair, stones, etc., thereby obtaining pre-filtered anticoagulated whole blood.
  • the centrifugation in the step (b) is carried out using a tube centrifuge; and/or the centrifugation in the step (d) is carried out using a disc centrifuge.
  • the centrifugal treatment in the step (b) has a centrifugal speed of 6,000 to 16,000 rpm, preferably 11,000 rpm.
  • the centrifugal treatment in the step (d) has a centrifugal speed of 8,000 to 15,000 rpm, preferably 11,000 rpm.
  • step (b) further comprises the step of: cooling the separated plasma solution at a storage temperature of 2 to 10 ° C; preferably 4 ° C.
  • the decalcifying agent comprises a water-soluble carbonate (such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, ammonium carbonate, or a combination thereof); and/or 02 ⁇ 0. 5% ( w/w) (preferably 0 ⁇ 05 ⁇ 0 ⁇ 3), in the step (c), the amount of the decalcifying agent is 0. 02 ⁇ 0. 5% (w/w) % ( w / w) , more preferably 0 ⁇ 1% ( w / w ) ); and / or in the step (f), the emulsifier is added in the amount of the plasma liquid obtained in the step (e) 0. 01 ⁇ 0. 5 % (w/w) ;
  • the emulsifier is selected from the group consisting of fatty acid monoglycerides, sorbitol lipids, soybean phospholipids, or combinations thereof; and/or
  • the inlet air temperature is 220 ° C to 230 ° C
  • the outlet air temperature is 80 ° C to 85 ° C.
  • the time of the precipitation reaction is 0. 5 ⁇ 4 hours.
  • the step (c) is to prepare sodium carbonate as an aqueous solution having a concentration of 20% by weight, and then slowly add it to the plasma liquid.
  • the emulsifier is added in an amount of 0.01 to 0.1% (w/w) of the plasma solution obtained in the step (e); the emulsifier is sorbitol.
  • the selected ultrafiltration membrane is an ultrafiltration membrane having a molecular weight of 300,000 to 500,000;
  • step (g) sodium filtration is carried out using a nanofiltration membrane having a molecular weight of 200 to 1000, and the volume ratio of the plasma concentrated liquid to the filtered water is 1: 2 to 4, and the plasma concentrated liquid is collected.
  • the ultrafiltration membrane in the step (e), is an ultrafiltration membrane having a molecular weight of more than 300,000. In another preferred embodiment, in the step (e), the ultrafiltration membrane is an ultrafiltration membrane having a molecular weight of 35 to 500,000. In another preferred embodiment, the ultrafiltration membrane is a 400,000 molecular weight filter membrane.
  • the nanofiltration membrane is a 200-500 molecular weight nanofiltration membrane; preferably a 200 molecular weight nanofiltration membrane.
  • the method further comprises the step of: mixing the dried plasma protein powder with a component selected from the group consisting of cereals, corn, soybeans, and whey to obtain a pelletized feed.
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides an avian blood plasma protein powder, wherein the protein powder has a protein content of 70%, an immunoglobulin content of 14%, and an ash content of 15%.
  • the protein content is 70 to 78%; the immunoglobulin content is 14 to 30%; and the ash content is 8 to 15%.
  • the plasma protein powder is produced by the method of the first aspect of the invention.
  • a third aspect of the invention provides the use of a protein powder according to the second aspect of the invention for the preparation of a feed composition or a food composition.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic flow chart of the preparation of plasma protein powder using avian blood. detailed description
  • the inventors have unexpectedly discovered a method for preparing low-ash avian plasma protein powder by long-term and in-depth research, which removes fibrin by precipitation decalcification and ultrafiltration on the basis of anticoagulation, centrifugation and the like.
  • the original and most of the grease and the emulsified residual oil effectively solve the defects such as the non-nanofiltration treatment of the poultry blood, which is very beneficial to the subsequent operation and significantly improves the efficiency of the entire preparation process.
  • the plasma protein powder obtained by the method has the advantages of high protein content (especially immunoglobulin content), low ash content, good palatability, and amino acid balance, and is very suitable for use in feed and food. On this basis, the inventors completed the present invention. Definition
  • avian is also commonly known as birds, including birds and poultry such as, but not limited to, chickens, ducks, geese, pigeons, sparrows, and the like. Poultry is preferred. Preparation
  • the method for preparing (or processing) the avian blood plasma protein powder uses the poultry processing by-product poultry blood as a raw material, adopts technologies such as anti-coagulation, ultrafiltration, emulsification, nanofiltration and spray drying to obtain a high protein content, Low ash avian plasma protein powder.
  • step (c) adding sodium carbonate to the plasma solution obtained in the step (b) to carry out a precipitation reaction to obtain a precipitated plasma reaction solution;
  • step (f) adding an emulsifier to the ultrafiltration-treated plasma liquid obtained in the step (e), and performing an emulsification treatment to obtain emulsified plasma;
  • the blood of the present invention is derived from poultry, including poultry and birds.
  • poultry including poultry and birds.
  • the blood components of birds are very similar, and thus any bird is included in the present invention.
  • the blood derived from various poultry can be used as a raw material for the preparation method of the avian blood protein powder of the present invention.
  • the birds include, but are not limited to: chickens, ducks, geese, pigeons, sparrows, and the like. Poultry is preferred.
  • fresh and healthy avian blood is used as a raw material for the production of low ash plasma protein powder.
  • the separation of plasma and blood cells from the blood can be carried out by techniques well known to those skilled in the art, for example, separation of anticoagulated whole blood to obtain a plasma solution and a blood cell solution, and then treating the plasma liquid as a raw material for producing a plasma protein powder.
  • Avian blood anticoagulation for example, separation of anticoagulated whole blood to obtain a plasma solution and a blood cell solution, and then treating the plasma liquid as a raw material for producing a plasma protein powder.
  • the anticoagulation treatment of the present invention may employ techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
  • avian blood is mixed with an anticoagulant to obtain anticoagulated whole blood.
  • the anticoagulant can be configured as an anti-coagulation aqueous solution of 8 to 15% by weight, and the anticoagulant aqueous solution is mixed with the avian blood to obtain anticoagulated whole blood; wherein the water for arranging the anticoagulant aqueous solution can be It is pure water, or water filtered through a 200 molecular weight nanofiltration membrane (water selected through the membrane).
  • the amount of the anticoagulant added may be determined depending on the characteristics of the raw material of the poultry, such as the difficulty of anticoagulation. Preferably, it is 0.1 to 5% (w/w) of the total amount of whole blood; preferably 0.4 to 2% (w/w), more preferably 1% (w/w).
  • the anticoagulation treatment can be carried out as follows:
  • the anticoagulant and water are dissolved in an anti-coagulation aqueous solution according to a weight ratio of 8 to 15% (w/w), and the configured anti-coagulation aqueous solution is placed in a spray container, and the amount of the anti-condensation aqueous solution is 1 ⁇ 30% ( v / v ) (preferably 5 to 15% ( v / v ) ) or according to the amount of anticoagulant added to the total amount of whole blood 0. 1 ⁇ 5% (w / w), mixed with avian blood, Combined with stirring, the anti-coagulation aqueous solution is uniformly mixed with the avian blood. Centrifugal separation
  • the anticoagulated whole blood obtained in the above step is preferably first subjected to pre-filtration treatment (such as filtration through a filter bag) to remove impurities such as hair and stones, and then centrifuged by a blood tube centrifuge ( If the rotation speed is 8000 - 15000 rpm, preferably 11,000 rpm, the obtained light liquid is the poultry plasma solution.
  • pre-filtration treatment such as filtration through a filter bag
  • the obtained light liquid is the poultry plasma solution.
  • the anticoagulated poultry blood is subjected to pre-filtration treatment and immediately centrifuged.
  • the separated plasma solution and blood cell solution are separately stored in a refrigeration state at a storage temperature of 1 - 10 ° C (preferably 4 ° C).
  • Adding a decalcifying agent to the plasma solution obtained in the above step includes a water-soluble carbonate (such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, ammonium carbonate, or a combination thereof), and the amount of the decalcifying agent added is the above-mentioned step to obtain a plasma liquid.
  • a water-soluble carbonate such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, ammonium carbonate, or a combination thereof
  • the amount of the decalcifying agent added is the above-mentioned step to obtain a plasma liquid.
  • 02 ⁇ 0. 5% (w/w) used to synthesize free calcium ions in plasma to form calcium carbonate precipitate, which is then removed by centrifugation.
  • the avian plasma solution obtained in the above step is subjected to ultrafiltration treatment, and the ultrafiltration treatment may be carried out according to a conventional operation in the field, for example, ultrafiltration using a 30-500,000 molecular weight filtration membrane (preferably a 400,000 molecular weight filter membrane).
  • the fibrinogen and most of the oil are removed, and the filtrate is collected to obtain an ultrafiltered plasma solution.
  • the invention adopts modern biofilm technology, uses ultra-filtration of 30 ⁇ 500,000 molecular weight membranes to realize the removal of avian fibrinogen and some oils, and solves the problem of high viscosity of poultry blood and difficult nanofiltration treatment.
  • Emulsification treatment uses ultra-filtration of 30 ⁇ 500,000 molecular weight membranes to realize the removal of avian fibrinogen and some oils, and solves the problem of high viscosity of poultry blood and difficult nanofiltration treatment.
  • the operation step of the emulsification treatment is a conventional operation method, for example, adding an emulsifier to the plasma liquid obtained in the above step to emulsify the residual oil and fat, and the emulsifier may be selected from the group consisting of fatty acid monoglyceride, sorbitol fat, soybean The phospholipid is preferably a sorbitol fat.
  • the amount of the emulsifier added can be determined according to the fat content of the plasma liquid. 01 ⁇ 0. 5 % (or 0. 05 ⁇ 0. 1%) (w/w). The amount of the emulsifier is 0. 01 ⁇ 0. 5 % (or 0. 05 ⁇ 0. 1%) (w/w). Plasma nanofiltration
  • the emulsified plasma solution obtained in the above step is subjected to sodium filtration treatment, and the sodium filtration treatment may be carried out according to a conventional operation in the field, for example, the emulsified plasma solution is subjected to a membrane nanofiltration of 200-1000 molecular weight (preferably 200 molecular weight). Concentration, so that the volume ratio of concentrated plasma to filtered water is 1: 1 to 6 (preferably 1: 2 to 4 or 1: 3 to 4), and most of the water and salt in the plasma are removed to obtain a plasma concentrate.
  • the invention concentrates by nanofiltration, increases the dry matter content of the poultry plasma liquid, and greatly reduces the plasma drying cost. Dry
  • the plasma concentrate obtained above is dried.
  • the drying may be carried out by a drying method commonly used by those skilled in the art, preferably spray drying, and the inlet air temperature may be 220 ° C to 230 ° C, and the outlet air temperature may be 80 ° C to 85 ° 85. °C.
  • the method of the present invention will now be further illustrated in conjunction with FIG. 1 and a preferred embodiment:
  • the anticoagulant and the water are placed in an 8 ⁇ 15% (w/w) ratio of the anticoagulant aqueous solution, and added to the collected poultry blood.
  • the anticoagulant aqueous solution is added in an amount of 5 to 20% of the avian blood volume ( v/v), stirring, so that the anti-coagulation aqueous solution is evenly mixed with the avian blood to obtain anticoagulated (avian) whole blood.
  • a sodium carbonate solution (e.g., a 20% by weight aqueous solution of sodium carbonate) is added to the plasma solution stored at a temperature of 4 ° C, and stirred for 0.5 to 4 hours to carry out a precipitation reaction.
  • the plasma reaction solution subjected to the precipitation reaction is centrifuged in a disc centrifuge to remove the precipitate to obtain a decalcified plasma solution.
  • the decalcified plasma solution is ultrafiltered using a 30-500,000 molecular weight filter membrane to remove fibrinogen and most of the oil and fat to obtain filtrate plasma.
  • the emulsification is obtained by the emulsification of the effluent of the effluent of the effluent of the effluent of the effluent of the effluent of the effluent. plasma.
  • the emulsified plasma is concentrated by nanofiltration with a molecular weight membrane of 200, and the concentration ratio is 1: 2 to 4 (ie, concentrated plasma: filtered water) (preferably 1: 3 to 4), and most of the water and salt are removed to obtain Concentrate the plasma.
  • the poultry blood plasma protein powder provided by the invention has excellent indexes, and the protein content thereof is as high as 70% or more, wherein the functional component immunoglobulin (such as IgY) reaches 14%, the palatability is good, the amino acid balance, and the ash content is less than 15%. 5 % ⁇ The moisture content is less than 6%, the salt content is less than 2. 6 %.
  • the functional component immunoglobulin such as IgY
  • the avian blood plasma protein powder provided by the invention can be applied to the fields of feed and food.
  • the dried plasma protein powder is mixed with a component selected from the group consisting of cereals, corn, soybeans, and whey to obtain a granular feed composition or food composition for feeding the weaned pups.
  • the avian plasma protein powder provided by the invention greatly reduces the salt during the processing, retains the activity of various functional immunoglobulins in the original plasma, and can effectively prevent the intestinal infection of the rearing animal when used in the feed. Reduce immune stimuli and improve the nutritional metabolism and immunity of weaned pups. It can be applied to feed materials as a feed material and a nursery material; it can also be applied to food compositions.
  • the main advantages of the invention are:
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing low ash avian blood plasma protein powder.
  • the method uses poultry blood as a raw material to produce avian blood plasma protein powder.
  • the invention overcomes the defect that the avian blood is difficult to be deep-processed, thereby preparing a low-ash, high-protein content (especially immunoglobulin) plasma protein powder, and is the first to realize the poultry blood processing at home and abroad to prepare high-end nutritional quality avian blood plasma protein powder. .
  • the method uses the precipitation reaction of the anti-condensed poultry plasma solution to remove calcium ions in the plasma; the defibrinogen and oil emulsification are carried out by ultrafiltration and emulsification to prevent blood agglomeration and plugging the filter membrane; , effectively reduce the ash content in plasma, increase the content of effective indicators such as plasma crude protein, and use the concentration process to greatly reduce the drying production cost, using high-pressure spray drying technology to ensure uniformity of the plasma of the poultry plasma products, excellent quality and other indicators .
  • the method of the present invention employs ultrafiltration membranes in a specific molecular weight range for ultrafiltration, and ultrafiltration and filtration filtrates are used in subsequent steps, which significantly increases the yield of the final product.
  • ultrafiltration membranes such as 0.1 to 300,000 molecular weight can be used for ultrafiltration of chicken plasma and for preparing chicken blood plasma protein powder, it is not indicated that ultrafiltration filtrate or Retentate, and by the inventors' experiments, the final product yield according to the prior art was low.
  • the poultry plasma protein prepared by the method of the invention has excellent indexes, and the protein content is as high as 70%.
  • the functional component immunoglobulin is 14%, the palatability is good, the amino acid balance, and the ash content is lower than 14.5%; the various indexes of the poultry plasma protein powder of the invention are high in quality, and are at the leading level at home and abroad.
  • the avian plasma protein powder prepared by the invention is used in the feeding experiment of adding the poultry plasma protein powder to the weaned pig diet, and the feeding effect of the poultry plasma protein powder is the best in the comparison test of the plasma protein powder added to the weaned pig diet.
  • Nutritional metabolism and immunity levels of weaned piglets The invention will be further elucidated below in conjunction with specific implementations. It is to be understood that the examples are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
  • the experimental methods in the following examples which do not specify the specific conditions are usually in accordance with conventional conditions, for example, according to the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Unless otherwise stated, the percentages and parts are calculated by weight.
  • the indicators of the present invention (such as the content of protein (including IgY), ash, moisture, or salt in avian blood plasma protein powder; or the immunoglobulin (IgG) content of raising piglets) and the feeding of piglets
  • the calculation method of the weight ratio is a method well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the impurities such as hair and stones are removed by filtration through a filter bag, and then centrifuged (11,000 rpm) using a blood tube centrifuge to obtain a light liquid as a plasma solution. .
  • the decalcified plasma solution was ultrafiltered using a 400,000 molecular weight filter to remove fibrinogen and most of the oil to obtain filtrate plasma.
  • the emulsifier is obtained by adding emulsifier (sorbitol) to the filtrated plasma, and emulsifying the residual oil.
  • the amount of the emulsifier is 0.1% (w/w) of the plasma obtained in the previous step. plasma.
  • the emulsified plasma is concentrated by 200 molecular weight membrane nanofiltration and concentrated to concentrated plasma: filtered water The volume ratio is 1:3, and most of the water and salt in the plasma are removed to obtain a concentrated plasma solution.
  • plasma protein powder 1 At 80-85 ° C, low ash plasma protein powder is obtained, which is plasma protein powder 1
  • the preparation method was the same as in Example 1.
  • the specific conditions were as described in Table 2.
  • the amount of the decalcifying agent added is calculated according to the total weight of the plasma (liquid) obtained in the step (2) of the embodiment (w/w); the amount of the emulsifier added is the plasma obtained in the step (5) of the embodiment ( Liquid) total weight calculation (w/w)
  • the protein content of the poultry blood plasma protein powder 2-3 is detected to be as high as 70%, wherein the functional component immunoglobulin is 14%, and the ash content is less than 14.5%.
  • Example 5 Preparation of avian blood plasma protein powder 4
  • the impurities such as hair and stones are removed by filtration through a filter bag, and then centrifuged (11,000 rpm) using a blood tube centrifuge to obtain a light liquid as a plasma solution. .
  • the decalcified plasma solution was ultrafiltered using a 500,000 molecular weight filter to remove fibrinogen and most of the oil to obtain filtrate plasma.
  • the amount of the plasma obtained in the previous step is 0.08% ( (0% by weight of the plasma obtained in the previous step). w/w) , obtained emulsified plasma.
  • the emulsified plasma is concentrated by nanofiltration of a molecular weight membrane of 200, and concentrated to a concentrated plasma: the volume ratio of the filtered water is 1:3.3, and most of the water and salt in the plasma are removed to obtain a concentrated plasma solution.
  • the concentrated plasma solution is spray-dried, the inlet air temperature is controlled at 220-230 ° C, and the outlet air temperature is 80-85 ° C to obtain low-ash avian plasma protein powder, which is plasma protein powder 4 .
  • the impurities such as hair and stones are removed by filtration through a filter bag, and then centrifuged (11,000 rpm) using a blood tube centrifuge to obtain a light liquid as a plasma solution. .
  • the decalcified plasma solution was ultrafiltered using a 400,000 molecular weight filter to remove fibrinogen and most of the oil to obtain filtrate plasma.
  • the emulsified plasma was concentrated by nanofiltration with a molecular weight membrane of 200 and concentrated to a concentrated plasma: the volume ratio of filtered water was 1:3.1, and most of the water and salt in the plasma were removed to obtain a concentrated plasma solution.
  • the concentrated plasma solution is spray-dried, the inlet air temperature is controlled at 220-230 ° C, and the outlet air temperature is 80-85 ° C to obtain low-ash avian plasma protein powder, which is plasma protein powder 5 .
  • a certain amount of avian blood protein powder was added to the feed, and the effects of the immunoglobulin (IgG) content and the feed-to-weight ratio of the piglets were compared with and without the avian blood protein powder.
  • IgG immunoglobulin
  • Test group Example 1-5 Low ash avian plasma protein powder prepared according to any one; Adding amount: 0.4% (w/w, calculated by total weight of feed)
  • Control group Soy protein concentrate; Addition amount: 0.4% (w/w, based on the total weight of the feed) Piglet age: 28 days weaned piglets
  • avian plasma protein powder can significantly increase the immunoglobulin content of piglets.
  • the preparation method of the related indexes of avian blood plasma protein powder produced by the molecular weights of different ultrafiltration membranes of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 was the same as that of Example 1, except that: The step (5) of Comparative Example 1 is carried out by ultrafiltration using a 200,000 molecular weight ultrafiltration membrane;
  • the step (5) of Comparative Example 2 was carried out by ultrafiltration using a 0. 1 million molecular weight ultrafiltration membrane.
  • Example 4 The preparation method was the same as in Example 1, except that Comparative Example 4 was not added with a decalcifying agent (i.e., without the step (3) and the step (4) of Example 1).
  • Comparative Example 4 was added to the step (6) of Example 1 between the step (5) and the step (7) of Comparative Example 3 as compared with Comparative Example 3:
  • the emulsifier is obtained by adding an emulsifier (sorbitol) to the filtrated plasma, and emulsifying the residual oil.
  • the amount of the emulsifier is 0.1% (w/w) of the plasma obtained in the previous step. plasma.
  • the effects of decalcifying agents and emulsifiers on nanofiltration results and process energy consumption are shown in Table 7.
  • Example 1 750 kg of salt water can be removed to produce 250 kg of chicken blood plasma concentrate; in Comparative Example 4, about 703 kg of salt water can be removed to produce about 297 kg of chicken blood plasma concentrate; In 3, 670 kg of salt water can be removed to produce 330 kg of chicken plasma concentrate.
  • Example 1 can save 520 yuan / ton of avian blood protein powder
  • Example 1 can save 120 yuan / ton of avian blood protein powder.
  • the method of the present invention can not only fill the gap in the demand for protein feed in China, but also realize the rational use of waste resources.
  • the breakthrough and innovation of the avian blood processing technology of the present invention provides technical guarantee for realizing large-scale development and utilization of avian blood.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种利用禽血生产低灰分禽血浆蛋白粉的方法。具体地,本发明公开的方法包括步骤:将禽血与抗凝剂混合,获得抗凝全血;对上述抗凝全血进行离心分离,获得血浆液;将上述血浆液用沉淀反应脱钙、超滤膜超滤、乳化处理及纳滤处理,获得血浆浓缩液;干燥所述血浆浓缩液,从而获得禽血血浆蛋白粉。本发明所述方法有效地克服了禽血难以进行深加工的缺陷,实现了禽类血资源的回收利用,避免资源浪费,减少了环境污染,且制得的血浆蛋白粉具有蛋白含量高,适口性好,氨基酸平衡等优点。

Description

一种利用禽血生产低灰分禽血浆蛋白粉的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及生物技术及现代农业领域; 具体地, 涉及一种利用禽血制备低 灰分禽血血浆蛋白粉的方法。 背景技术
我国屠宰业增长迅速, 在屠宰禽类生产肉食品的同时, 产生大量的血液等 副产物。 据统计, 我国每年的禽类血液总量超过 100万吨, 至少可产生约 13万吨 动物蛋白粉产品。 但是由于禽血屠宰方式不足、 钙离子含量高、 易速凝、 高粘 滞性以及干物质含量低等问题, 国内外尚未见针对禽血的有效加工利用。 这些 蛋白资源也因为缺乏大规模深加工技术等原因, 而没有得到合理的利用, 导致 大量优质蛋白资源白白浪费掉。
目前, 我国蛋白资源严重缺乏, 豆粕生产进口依存度达 75%, 鱼粉进口依存 度也在 70%, 蛋白原料高度依赖进口成为制约我国畜牧业产业链发展的瓶颈。 我 国饲料工业 "十二五" 发展规划指出: 要建设利用动物加工副产品深加工生产 优质蛋白的示范基地。
可见, 本领域迫切需要开发禽类血资源的深加工方法, 尤其是禽血浆蛋白 粉的制备方法。 发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种利用禽血制备低灰分禽血浆蛋白粉的方 法。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种高蛋白含量、 低灰分的禽血浆蛋白粉及其 用途。 本发明第一方面提供了一种低灰分禽血血浆蛋白粉的制备方法, 所述的方 法包括步骤:
(a) 将禽血与抗凝剂混合, 获得抗凝全血;
(b)对步骤(a)获得的抗凝全血进行离心处理, 收集轻液, 从而获得血浆液;
(c) 向步骤 (b)获得的血浆液中添加脱钙剂, 进行沉淀反应, 获得经沉淀的 血浆反应液;
(d) 将步骤(c)所得的血浆反应液进行离心处理, 去除沉淀, 获得脱钙的血 浆液;
(e) 将步骤(d)获得的脱钙血浆液用超滤膜进行超滤处理, 收集滤出液, 获 得经超滤处理的血浆液;
(f) 向步骤(e)中获得的经超滤处理的血浆液中添加乳化剂,进行乳化处理, 从而获得经乳化的血浆;
(g) 将步骤(f)获得的经乳化的血浆进行纳滤处理, 从而获得血浆浓缩液;
(h) 干燥步骤(g)获得的血浆浓缩液, 从而获得禽血血浆蛋白粉。
在另一优选例中, 所述的禽血来源于家禽或飞禽。
在另一优选例中, 所述家禽为鸡、 鸭、 或鵝; 所述飞禽为鸽子或麻雀。 在另一优选例中, 所述步骤(a)中, 抗凝剂成分为柠檬酸钠, 所述抗凝剂的 添加量为全血总量的 0. 1〜5% (w/w) 。
在另一优选例中, 所述抗凝剂的添加量为全血总量的 0. 4〜2% ( w/w) , 较 佳的为 0. 5〜1 % ( w/w) ; 更佳地为 1% ( w/w) 。
在另一优选例中,所述步骤(a)为将抗凝剂配置成浓度为 8〜15^%的抗凝水 溶液, 将抗凝剂水溶液与禽血混合, 从而得到抗凝全血。
在另一优选例中, 配置抗凝剂所用的水为纯水, 或为经 200分子量纳滤膜 过滤的水(透过滤膜的水)。
在另一优选例中, 步骤(a)和(b)之间包括步骤: 将抗凝全血进行预过滤处 理, 去除毛、 石子等杂质物, 从而获得经预过滤的抗凝全血。
在另一优选例中, 所述步骤(b)中的离心处理采用管式离心机处理; 和 /或 所述步骤(d)中的离心处理采用碟片式离心机处理。
在另一优选例中, 所述步骤(b)中的离心处理, 离心转速为 6000— 16000转 /分, 较佳地为 11000转 /分。
在另一优选例中, 所述步骤(d)中的离心处理, 离心转速为 8000— 15000转 /分, 较佳地为 11000转 /分。
在另一优选例中, 步骤(b)还包括步骤: 将分离后的血浆液进行制冷存放, 存放温度为 2— 10°C ; 较佳地为 4°C。
在另一优选例中, 所述步骤(c)中, 所述的脱钙剂包括水溶性的碳酸盐 (如 碳酸钠、 碳酸钾、 碳酸铵、 或其组合) ; 和 /或 所述步骤(c)中, 所述脱钙剂的添加量为步骤(c)中获得的血浆液的 0. 02〜 0. 5% ( w/w) (优选为 0· 05〜0· 3% ( w/w) , 更优选为 0· 1% ( w/w ) ) ; 禾口 /或 所述步骤(f)中, 所述乳化剂的添加量为步骤(e)中获得的血浆液的 0. 01〜 0. 5 % (w/w) ; 所述乳化剂选自下组: 脂肪酸单甘油酯、 山梨糖醇脂、 大豆磷脂、 或其组合; 和 /或
所述步骤(h)中, 干燥时, 采用喷雾干燥, 进风温度 220 °C〜230 °C, 出风温 度 80 °C〜85 °C。
在另一优选例中, 所述步骤(c)沉淀反应的时间为 0. 5〜4小时。
在另一优选例中, 所述步骤(c)为将碳酸钠制成浓度为 20wt%的水溶液, 再 缓慢添加至血浆液中。
在另一优选例中,所述乳化剂的添加量为步骤(e)中获得的血浆液的 0. 01〜 0. 1% ( w/w) ; 所述乳化剂为山梨糖醇脂。
在另一优选例中, 所述步骤(e)中, 所选用的超滤膜为 30-50万分子量的超 滤膜; 和 /或
所述步骤(g)中, 采用 200— 1000分子量的纳滤膜进行钠滤, 血浆浓缩液和 滤出水的体积比为 1 : 2〜4, 收集血浆浓缩液。
在另一优选例中, 步骤(e)中, 所述的超滤膜为大于 30万分子量的超滤膜。 在另一优选例中, 步骤(e)中, 所述的超滤膜为 35-50万分子量的超滤膜。 在另一优选例中, 所述超滤膜为 40万分子量的滤膜。
在另一优选例中, 所述纳滤膜为 200-500分子量的纳滤膜; 较佳地为 200分 子量的纳滤膜。
在另一优选例中, 该方法还包括步骤: 将干燥的血浆蛋白粉与选自下组的 组份混合: 谷物、 玉米、 大豆和乳清, 从而获得颗粒状饲料。
本发明第二方面提供了一种禽血血浆蛋白粉, 所述蛋白粉中, 蛋白含量 70%, 免疫球蛋白含量 14%, 灰分含量 15%。
在另一优选例中, 所述蛋白含量为 70〜78 %; 所述免疫球蛋白含量 14〜30 %; 所述灰分含量 8〜 15 %。
在另一优选例中, 所述血浆蛋白粉由本发明第一方面所述的方法制得。 本发明第三方面提供了一种本发明第二方面所述的蛋白粉的用途, 用于制 备饲料组合物或食品组合物。 应理解,在本发明范围内中,本发明的上述各技术特征和在下文(如实施例) 中具体描述的各技术特征之间都可以互相组合, 从而构成新的或优选的技术方 案。 限于篇幅, 在此不再一一累述。 附图说明
图 1显示了利用禽血制备血浆蛋白粉的流程示意图。 具体实施方式
本发明人通过长期而深入的研究, 意外地发现了一种低灰分禽血浆蛋白粉 的制备方法, 所述方法在抗凝、 离心等处理的基础上, 通过沉淀脱钙、 超滤去 除纤维蛋白原和大部分油脂及乳化残留的油脂, 有效地解决了禽血不易纳滤处 理等缺陷, 非常有利于后续操作, 显著提高的整个制备过程的效率。 所述方法 制得的血浆蛋白粉具有高蛋白含量(尤其是免疫球蛋白含量), 灰分低, 适口性 好, 氨基酸平衡等优点, 非常适合用于饲料和食品。 在此基础上, 发明人完成 了本发明。 定义
如本文所用, "禽" , 也通称鸟类, 包括飞禽和家禽, 例如但不限于, 鸡、 鸭、 鵝、 鸽子、 麻雀等。 优选家禽。 制备方法
本发明提供的禽血血浆蛋白粉的制备(或加工)方法, 利用禽类加工副产物 禽血为原料, 采用抗凝、 超滤、 乳化、 纳滤及喷雾干燥等技术, 获得了高蛋白 含量、 低灰分的禽血浆蛋白粉。
具体地, 包括步骤:
(a) 将禽血与抗凝剂混合, 获得抗凝全血;
(b)对步骤(a)获得的抗凝全血进行离心处理, 收集轻液, 从而获得血浆液;
(c) 向步骤(b)获得的血浆液中添加碳酸钠, 进行沉淀反应, 获得经沉淀的 血浆反应液;
(d) 将步骤(c)所得的血浆反应液进行离心处理, 去除沉淀, 获得脱钙的血 浆液; (e) 将步骤(d)获得的脱钙血浆液用超滤膜进行超滤处理, 收集滤出液, 获 得经超滤处理的血浆液;
(f) 向步骤(e)中获得的经超滤处理的血浆液中添加乳化剂,进行乳化处理, 从而获得经乳化的血浆;
(g) 将步骤(f)获得的经乳化的血浆进行纳滤处理, 从而获得血浆浓缩液;
(h) 干燥步骤(g)获得的血浆浓缩液, 从而获得禽血血浆蛋白粉。 原料
本发明所述的血液来源于禽类, 包括家禽和飞禽。 本领域普通技术人员应 了解, 禽类的血液成分是非常相似的, 因此任何禽类都包含在本发明中。 来源 于各种禽类的血液均可作为本发明所述用于生产禽血蛋白粉的制备方法的原 料。 所述的禽类, 包括但不限于: 鸡、 鸭、 鵝、 鸽子、 麻雀等。 优选用家禽。 较佳地, 采用新鲜健康的禽血作为生产低灰分血浆蛋白粉的原料。
从血液中分离出血浆和血球可采用本领域技术人员所熟知的技术, 例如将 抗凝全血进行分离, 可得到血浆液和血球液, 再将血浆液进行处理作为生产血 浆蛋白粉的原料。 禽血抗凝
本发明所述的抗凝处理可采用本领域技术人员所熟知的技术。 例如, 将禽 血与抗凝剂混合, 获得抗凝全血。 优选地, 可将抗凝剂配置为 8〜15wt%的抗凝 水溶液, 将抗凝剂水溶液与禽血混合, 从而得到抗凝全血; 其中, 所述用于配 置抗凝剂水溶液的水可以为纯水, 或经 200分子量纳滤膜过滤的水(选用的是透 过滤膜的水)。
所述抗凝剂的添加量可以根据禽血原料的特性(如抗凝的难以程度)来决 定。 优选为全血总量的 0. 1〜5% ( w/w ) ; 较佳地为 0. 4〜2% ( w/w) , 更佳地为 1% ( w/w) 。
优选地抗凝处理, 可按如下步骤进行:
将抗凝剂与水按照 8〜15%重量比 (w/w)溶解配置成抗凝水溶液, 将配置好 的抗凝水溶液装入喷洒容器内, 抗凝水溶液添加量为禽血体积的 1〜30% ( v/v ) (优选 5〜15% ( v/v ) ) 或者按抗凝剂的添加量为全血总量的 0. 1〜5% ( w/w) , 与禽血混合, 结合搅拌, 使抗凝水溶液与禽血混合均匀。 离心分离
将上述步骤获得的抗凝全血从血池收集后, 优选地先进行预过滤处理(如经 滤袋过滤),去除毛、石子等杂质物后,再采用血液管式离心机进行离心分离(如 转速为 8000— 15000转 /分, 优选 11000转 /分) , 获得的轻液即为禽血浆液。 较佳地, 将经抗凝处理的禽血经预过滤处理后, 立即进行离心分离。
禽血经抗凝和离心分离后, 无法立即进行后续的分离纯化处理, 还需经制 冷存储。 优选地, 将分离后的血浆液和血球液分别进行制冷存放, 存放温度为 1 - 10°C (优选 4°C )。 血浆脱钙
向上述步骤获得血浆液中添加脱钙剂包括水溶性的碳酸盐 (如碳酸钠、 碳 酸钾、碳酸铵、或其组合),所述脱钙剂的添加量为上述步骤获得血浆液的 0. 02〜 0. 5% ( w/w) , 用于综合血浆中游离的钙离子, 生成碳酸钙沉淀, 此沉淀再经离 心的方式去除。 血浆超滤
将上述步骤获得的禽血浆液进行超滤处理, 所述超滤处理可以是按照领域 常规的操作进行,例如,采用 30〜50万分子量过滤膜(优选 40万分子量的滤膜) 进行超滤, 去除纤维蛋白原和大部分油脂, 收集滤出液, 即获得经超滤的血浆 液。
本发明采用现代生物膜技术, 利用 30〜50万分子量膜进行超滤, 实现禽血 纤维蛋白原和部分油脂的去除, 解决了禽血高粘滞性和不易纳滤处理问题。 乳化处理
所述乳化处理的操作步骤为常规的操作方法, 例如在上述步骤获得的血浆 液中添加乳化剂, 乳化残留的油脂, 乳化剂可选自下组: 脂肪酸单甘油酯、 山 梨糖醇脂、 大豆磷脂, 优选为山梨糖醇脂。
乳化剂的添加量可以根据血浆液的油脂含量来决定。 优选地, 添加的乳化 剂的量为上述步骤获得的血浆液的 0. 01〜0. 5 % (或 0. 05〜0. 1%) ( w/w) 。 血浆纳滤
将上述步骤获得的经乳化的血浆液进行钠滤处理, 所述钠滤处理可以是按 照领域常规的操作进行, 例如将经乳化的血浆液采用 200-1000分子量(优选 200 分子量)的膜纳滤浓缩, 使得浓缩血浆和滤出水的体积比为 1 : 1〜6 (优选 1 : 2〜4 或 1 : 3〜4), 去除血浆中大部分水分和盐分, 获得血浆浓缩液。
本发明通过纳滤浓缩, 提高禽血浆液干物质含量, 极大降低血浆干燥成本。 干燥
最后将上述获得的血浆浓缩液进行干燥,所述干燥可采用本领域技术人员常用 的干燥方法, 优选喷雾干燥, 可采用进风温度 220°C〜230°C, 出风温度 80°C〜 85°C。 现结合图 1和优选实施方式, 进一步阐述本发明所述的方法:
(1) 将抗凝剂与水按照 8〜15% (w/w) 比例配置好的抗凝水溶液, 加入到 采集的禽血中, 抗凝水溶液添加量为禽血体积比 5〜20% ( v/v ) , 搅拌, 使抗 凝水溶液与禽血混合均匀, 获得抗凝(禽)全血。
(2) 将抗凝禽血收集后, 经滤袋过滤后, 采用管式离心机进行分离 (11000 转 /分) , 获得轻液为禽血浆液, 在 4°C条件制冷存放。
(3) 向 4°C条件制冷存放的血浆液中添加碳酸钠溶解液(如 20wt%的碳酸钠 水溶液), 搅拌 0. 5〜4小时, 进行沉淀反应。
(4) 将经过沉淀反应的血浆反应液采用碟片式离心机进行离心, 去除沉淀, 获得脱钙血浆液。
(5) 将脱钙血浆液采用 30〜50万分子量过滤膜进行超滤, 去除纤维蛋白原 和大部分油脂, 获得滤出液血浆。
(6) 向滤出液血浆添加乳化剂, 乳化残留的油脂, 添加的乳化剂的量为步 骤(5)的滤出液血浆的 0. 02〜0. 1% (w/w) 获得乳化的血浆。
(7) 将乳化的血浆采用 200分子量膜纳滤浓缩, 浓缩体积比为 1 : 2〜4 (即浓 缩血浆: 滤出水) (优选为 1 : 3〜4 ) , 去除大部分水分和盐分, 获得浓缩血浆 液。
(8) 将纳滤后的禽血浆液进行喷雾干燥, 进风温度控制 220〜230°C, 出风 温度 75〜90°C, 喷雾干燥后, 进行检测, 包装, 从而获得禽血血浆蛋白粉。 血浆蛋白粉
本发明提供的禽血血浆蛋白粉各项指标优良, 其蛋白含量高达 70%以上, 其 中功能性成分免疫球蛋白 (如 IgY) 达 14%, 适口性好, 氨基酸平衡, 灰分含量 低于 15%, 水分含量不超过 9 %, 盐分含量小于 2. 6 %。
用途
本发明提供的禽血血浆蛋白粉, 可应用于饲料和食品等领域。 例如将干燥 的血浆蛋白粉与选自下组的组份混合: 谷物、 玉米、 大豆和乳清, 从而获得颗 粒状饲料组合物或食品组合物, 从而用于断奶幼仔的喂养。
本发明提供的禽血浆蛋白粉在加工过程中极大降低了盐分, 保留了原血浆 中各种功能性免疫球蛋白的活性, 在应用于饲料中, 能有效防止饲养幼仔动物 的肠道感染, 降低免疫剌激, 提高了断奶幼仔的营养代谢和免疫力水平。 可以 应用于作为饲料组合物应用于教槽料及保育料中; 也可应用于食品组合物中。 本发明的主要优点在于:
1、 本发明提供了一种低灰分禽血血浆蛋白粉的制备方法。 所述方法首次以 禽血作为原料, 生产禽血血浆蛋白粉。 本发明攻克了禽血难以深加工的缺陷, 从而制备了低灰分, 高蛋白含量(尤其是免疫球蛋白)的血浆蛋白粉, 在国内外 率先实现禽血加工制备高端营养品质的禽血血浆蛋白粉。
所述方法将获得的抗凝禽血浆液采用沉淀反应, 去除血浆中钙离子; 采用 超滤和乳化进行去纤维蛋白原和油脂乳化, 防止血液结块和堵纳滤膜; 采用纳 滤脱盐浓缩, 有效降低了血浆中灰分含量, 提高血浆粗蛋白等有效指标含量, 且采用浓缩工艺极大降低了干燥生产成本, 采用高压喷雾干燥技术, 保证了禽 血浆产品颗粒均匀, 各项指标优良等品质。
本发明所述方法采用特定分子量范围内的超滤膜进行超滤, 超滤后取滤出 液用于后续步骤, 显著提高了终产品的得率。 虽然有现有技术指出可采用如 0. 1 - 30万分子量的超滤膜对鸡血浆液进行超滤并用于制备鸡血血浆蛋白粉, 但是 并没有指明是采用超滤后的滤出液或截留液, 而且经发明人实验证明根据现有 技术制得的终产品得率较低。
2、 本发明所述方法制备的禽血浆蛋白各项指标优良, 蛋白含量高达 70%以 上, 其中功能性成分免疫球蛋白达 14%, 适口性好, 氨基酸平衡, 灰分含量低于 14. 5%; 本发明禽血浆蛋白粉各项指标优质, 处于国内外领先水平。
3、 本发明制备的禽血浆蛋白粉在断奶仔猪日粮添加禽血浆蛋白粉的饲养试 验中, 在断奶仔猪日粮添加血浆蛋白粉对比试验中, 禽血浆蛋白粉的饲喂效果 最好, 提高了断奶仔猪的营养代谢和免疫力水平。 下面结合具体实施, 进一步阐述本发明。 应理解, 这些实施例仅用于说明 本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。 下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法, 通常按照常规条件, 例如按照制造厂商所建议的条件。 除非另外说明, 否则百 分比和份数按重量计算。
本发明所述各项指标(如禽血血浆蛋白粉中蛋白(包括 IgY)、 灰分、 水分、 或盐分的含量; 或饲养仔猪的免疫球蛋白(IgG) 含量)的检测方法以及饲养仔猪 的料重比的计算方法为本领域普通技术人员所熟知的方法。 实施例 1
禽血血浆蛋白粉 1的制备
(1) 将抗凝剂(柠檬酸钠) 100公斤与 800公斤水混合, 制成抗凝水溶液, 将 抗凝水溶液添加到 10吨鸡血中, 边加边搅拌, 使抗凝水溶液与禽血充分混合均 匀。
(2) 将抗凝禽血从血池收集后, 经滤袋过滤去除毛、 石子等杂质物后, 采 用血液管式离心机进行离心分离处理 (11000转 /分) , 获得轻液为血浆液。
(3) 将 10公斤碳酸钠 (脱钙剂) 溶解于 50公斤水中, 制成碳酸钠水溶液, 缓慢加至血浆液中, 碳酸钠添加量为上一步骤获得的血浆液的 0. 1% (w/w) , 搅 拌 1小时, 进行沉淀反应。
(4) 将经过沉淀反应后的血浆反应液采用碟片式离心机进行离心处理
(11000转 /分), 去除沉淀, 获得脱钙的血浆液。
(5) 将脱钙血浆液采用 40万分子量滤膜进行超滤, 去除纤维蛋白原和大部 分油脂, 获得滤出液血浆。
(6) 向滤出液血浆添加乳化剂(山梨糖醇脂), 乳化残留的油脂, 乳化剂的 添加量为上一步骤获得的血浆的 0. 1% (w/w) , 获得经乳化的血浆。
(7) 将经乳化的血浆采用 200分子量膜纳滤浓缩, 浓缩至浓缩血浆: 滤出水 体积比为 1 : 3, 去除血浆中大部分水分和盐分, 获得浓缩血浆液。
(8) 将浓缩血浆液进行喷雾干燥, 进风温度控制 220-230 °C, 出风温度
80-85°C, 获得低灰分禽血浆蛋白粉, 即为血浆蛋白粉 1
结果, 采用以上方法, 10吨禽血得到禽血浆蛋白粉 1约 610公斤, 产品指标 如表 1所示:
Figure imgf000011_0001
实施例 2-3
禽血血浆蛋白粉 2-3的制备
制备方法同实施例 1, 具体条件采用表 2所述的条件。 其中, 所述脱钙剂的 添加量按实施例步骤(2)获得的血浆(液)总重计算(w/w); 所述乳化剂的添加量 按实施例步骤(5)获得的血浆(液)总重计算(w/w)
表 2
Figure imgf000011_0002
经检测所述禽血血浆蛋白粉 2-3的蛋白含量高达 70%, 其中功能性成分免疫 球蛋白达 14%, 灰分含量低于 14. 5% 实施例 5 禽血血浆蛋白粉 4的制备
(1) 将抗凝剂(柠檬酸钠) 5公斤与 40公斤水混合, 制成抗凝水溶液, 将抗凝 水溶液添加到 1吨鸡血中, 边加边搅拌, 使抗凝水溶液与禽血充分混合均匀。
(2) 将抗凝禽血从血池收集后, 经滤袋过滤去除毛、 石子等杂质物后, 采 用血液管式离心机进行离心分离处理 (11000转 /分) , 获得轻液为血浆液。
(3) 以 0. 5公斤碳酸钠与 0. 7公斤碳酸铵作为脱钙剂, 将脱钙剂溶解于 5 公斤水中, 制成脱钙溶液, 缓慢加至血浆液中, 脱钙剂的添加量为上一步骤获 得的血浆液的 0. 12% ( w/w) , 搅拌 1小时, 进行沉淀反应。
(4) 将经过沉淀反应后的血浆反应液采用碟片式离心机进行离心处理 (11000转 /分), 去除沉淀, 获得脱钙的血浆液。
(5) 将脱钙血浆液采用 50万分子量滤膜进行超滤, 去除纤维蛋白原和大部 分油脂, 获得滤出液血浆。
(6) 向滤出液血浆添加乳化剂(山梨糖醇脂:脂肪酸单甘油酯 =1 : 1), 乳化残 留的油脂, 乳化剂的添加量为上一步骤获得的血浆的 0. 08% ( w/w) , 获得经乳 化的血浆。
(7) 将经乳化的血浆采用 200分子量膜纳滤浓缩, 浓缩至浓缩血浆: 滤出水 体积比为 1 : 3. 3, 去除血浆中大部分水分和盐分, 获得浓缩血浆液。
(8) 将浓缩血浆液进行喷雾干燥, 进风温度控制 220-230 °C, 出风温度 80-85°C, 获得低灰分禽血浆蛋白粉, 即为血浆蛋白粉 4。
结果, 采用以上方法, 获得的血浆蛋白粉指标如表 3 :
表 3
Figure imgf000012_0001
实施例 6 禽血血浆蛋白粉 5的制备
( 1) 将抗凝剂(柠檬酸钠) 8公斤与 64公斤水混合, 制成抗凝水溶液, 将抗凝 水溶液添加到 1吨鸡血中, 边加边搅拌, 使抗凝水溶液与禽血充分混合均匀。
(2) 将抗凝禽血从血池收集后, 经滤袋过滤去除毛、 石子等杂质物后, 采 用血液管式离心机进行离心分离处理 (11000转 /分) , 获得轻液为血浆液。
(3) 将 0. 4公斤碳酸钠与 0. 4公斤碳酸铵溶解于 4公斤水中, 制成脱钙水 溶液, 缓慢加至血浆液中, 脱钙剂的添加量为上一步骤获得的血浆液的 0. 08% ( w/w) , 搅拌 1小时, 进行沉淀反应。
(4) 将经过沉淀反应后的血浆反应液采用碟片式离心机进行离心处理
(11000转 /分), 去除沉淀, 获得脱钙的血浆液。
(5) 将脱钙血浆液采用 40万分子量滤膜进行超滤, 去除纤维蛋白原和大部 分油脂, 获得滤出液血浆。
(6) 向滤出液血浆添加乳化剂(山梨糖醇脂:脂肪酸单甘油酯 =1 : 1), 乳化残 留的油脂, 乳化剂的添加量为上一步骤获得的血浆的 0.08% (w/w) , 获得经乳 化的血浆。
(7) 将经乳化的血浆采用 200分子量膜纳滤浓缩, 浓缩至浓缩血浆: 滤出水 体积比为 1:3.1, 去除血浆中大部分水分和盐分, 获得浓缩血浆液。
(8) 将浓缩血浆液进行喷雾干燥, 进风温度控制 220-230°C, 出风温度 80-85°C, 获得低灰分禽血浆蛋白粉, 即为血浆蛋白粉 5。
结果, 采用以上方法, 获得的血浆蛋白粉指标如表 4:
表 4
Figure imgf000013_0001
实施例 6 饲养测试
在饲料中添加一定禽血蛋白粉, 比较采用和不用禽血蛋白粉对饲养仔猪的 免疫球蛋白(IgG) 含量及料重比影响。
具体实验方法:
试验组: 实施例 1-5任一制备的低灰分禽血浆蛋白粉; 添加量: 0.4% (w/w, 按饲料的总重计算)
对照组: 大豆浓缩蛋白; 添加量: 0.4% (w/w, 按饲料的总重计算) 仔猪日龄: 28天断奶仔猪
饲喂天数: 两周
实验结果如表 5所示。
表 5
Figure imgf000013_0002
综上所述, 禽血浆蛋白粉可显著提高仔猪免疫球蛋白含量。 对比例 1和对比例 2 不同超滤膜分子量所生产禽血血浆蛋白粉相关指标 制备方法同实施例 1, 不同点在于: 对比例 1的步骤(5)采用 20万分子量的超滤膜进行超滤;
对比例 2的步骤(5)采用 0. 1万分子量的超滤膜进行超滤。
不同超滤膜分子量所生产禽血血浆蛋白粉相关指标的对比结果如表 6所示。
表 6
Figure imgf000014_0001
由结果可知: 采用实施例 1制得的禽血血浆蛋白粉收率显著提高, 与 " 20或 0. 1万分子量的超滤膜" 相比, 实施例 1制得的禽血血浆蛋白粉, 其得率至少提 高了 1 1 %。 对比例 3
制备方法同实施例 1, 不同点在于, 对比例 3不添加脱钙剂(即没有实施例 1 的步骤(3)和步骤(4) ), 也不添加乳化剂(即没有实施例 1中的步骤(6) )。 对比例 4
制备方法同实施例 1, 不同点在于, 对比例 4不添加脱钙剂(即没有实施例 1 的步骤(3)和步骤(4) )。
与对比例 3相比, 对比例 4在对比例 3的步骤(5)和步骤(7)之间增加实施例 1 的步骤(6) :
(6) 向滤出液血浆添加乳化剂(山梨糖醇脂), 乳化残留的油脂, 乳化剂的 添加量为上一步骤获得的血浆的 0. 1% ( w/w) , 获得经乳化的血浆。 脱钙剂及乳化剂对纳滤结果以及工艺能耗的影响如表 7所示。
表 7
Figure imgf000014_0002
对比例 3 不添加 不添加 1 : 2 0 对比例 4 不添加 添加 1 : 2. 7 400
结论:
( i) 根据表 7的结果, 以 "加工 1吨鸡血浆料" 为例:
实施例 1中, 可除去 750千克的盐水份, 产生 250千克的鸡血血浆浓缩液; 对比例 4中,可除去约 703千克的盐水份,产生约 297千克的鸡血血浆浓缩液; 对比例 3中, 可除去 670千克的盐水份, 产生 330千克的鸡血浆浓缩液。
比较结果可知: 相较于对比例 3或对比例 4而言, 实施例 1纳滤得到的浓缩 液体积显著减少。
(i i) 如表 7中所示, 进一步干燥纳滤浓缩液时:
相较于对比例 3而言, 实施例 1可节约 520元 /吨禽血将蛋白粉;
相较于对比例 4而言, 实施例 1可节约 120元 /吨禽血将蛋白粉。
比较结果可知: 相较于对比例 3或对比例 4而言, 实施例 1对浓缩液作进一 步干燥处理的能耗大大降低, 经济成本显著减少。
1. 本发明所述方法中, 通过采用沉淀、 超滤和乳化处理, 解决了禽血高粘 滞性和不易纳滤处理等诸多不利问题, 非常有利于进行后续的钠滤操作, 显著 提高了血浆蛋白粉的制备。
2. 本发明所述方法不仅可以填补国内对蛋白饲料需求的缺口, 而且可以实 现废弃资源的合理利用。 本发明的禽血液加工技术的突破和创新, 为实现禽血 的大规模开发利用提供了技术保障。 在本发明提及的所有文献都在本申请中引用作为参考, 就如同每一篇文献 被单独引用作为参考那样。 此外应理解, 在阅读了本发明的上述讲授内容之后, 本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改, 这些等价形式同样落于本申 请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种低灰分禽血血浆蛋白粉的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述的方法包括 步骤:
(a) 将禽血与抗凝剂混合, 获得抗凝全血;
(b)对步骤(a)获得的抗凝全血进行离心处理, 收集轻液, 从而获得血浆液;
(c) 向步骤 (b)获得的血浆液中添加脱钙剂, 进行沉淀反应, 获得经沉淀的 血浆反应液;
(d) 将步骤(c)所得的血浆反应液进行离心处理, 去除沉淀, 获得脱钙的血 浆液;
(e) 将步骤(d)获得的脱钙血浆液用超滤膜进行超滤处理, 收集滤出液, 获 得经超滤处理的血浆液;
(f) 向步骤(e)中获得的经超滤处理的血浆液中添加乳化剂,进行乳化处理, 从而获得经乳化的血浆;
(g) 将步骤(f)获得的经乳化的血浆进行纳滤处理, 从而获得血浆浓缩液;
(h) 干燥步骤(g)获得的血浆浓缩液, 从而获得禽血血浆蛋白粉。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的禽血来源于家禽或飞禽。
3. 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤(a)中, 抗凝剂成分 为柠檬酸钠, 抗凝剂的添加量为全血总量的 0. 1〜5% ( w/w) 。
4. 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于,
所述步骤(b)中的离心处理采用管式离心机处理; 和 /或
所述步骤(d)中的离心处理采用碟片式离心机处理。
5. 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于,
所述步骤(c)中, 所述的脱钙剂包括水溶性的碳酸盐; 和 /或
所述步骤(c)中, 所述脱钙剂的添加量为步骤(c)中获得的血浆液的 0. 02〜
0. 5% ( w/w) ; 和 /或
所述步骤(f)中, 所述乳化剂的添加量为步骤(e)中获得的血浆液的 0. 01〜
0. 5 % (w/w) ; 所述乳化剂选自下组: 脂肪酸单甘油酯、 山梨糖醇脂、 大豆磷脂、 或其组合; 和 /或
所述步骤(h)中, 干燥时, 采用喷雾干燥, 进风温度 220°C〜230°C, 出风温 度 80°C〜85°C。
6. 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于,
所述步骤(e)中, 所选用的超滤膜为 30-50万分子量的超滤膜; 和 /或 所述步骤(g)中, 采用 200— 1000分子量的纳滤膜进行钠滤, 血浆浓缩液和 滤出水的体积比为 1 : 2〜4, 收集血浆浓缩液。
7. 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 该方法还包括步骤: 将干燥的 血浆蛋白粉与选自下组的组份混合: 谷物、 玉米、 大豆和乳清, 从而获得颗粒 状饲料。
8. 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 步骤(e)中, 所述的超滤膜为大 于 30万分子量的超滤膜。
9. 如权利要求 1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(e)中,所述的超滤膜为 35-50 万分子量的超滤膜。
10. 一种禽血血浆蛋白粉, 其特征在于, 所述蛋白粉中, 蛋白含量 70%, 免疫球蛋白含量 14%, 灰分含量 15%。
11 . 如权利要求 10所述的禽血血浆蛋白粉, 其特征在于, 所述蛋白含量为 70〜78 %; 所述免疫球蛋白含量 14〜30 %; 所述灰分含量 8〜15 %。
12. 如权利要求 10所述的禽血血浆蛋白粉, 其特征在于, 所述血浆蛋白粉 由权利要求 1-9任一项所述的方法制得。
13. 如权利要求 10所述的蛋白粉的用途, 其特征在于, 用于制备饲料组合 物或食品组合物。
PCT/CN2013/072366 2012-03-09 2013-03-08 一种利用禽血生产低灰分禽血浆蛋白粉的方法 WO2013131494A1 (zh)

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US14/384,010 US9578889B2 (en) 2012-03-09 2013-03-08 Method for producing low-ash poultry plasma protein powder by utilizing poultry blood
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MX2014010891A MX351742B (es) 2012-03-09 2013-03-08 Metodo para producir un polvo de proteina de plasma de ave de corral con bajo contenido de ceniza utilizando sangre de ave de corral.
RU2014140683/10A RU2604190C2 (ru) 2012-03-09 2013-03-08 Способ получения малозольного порошка белка птичьей плазмы с использованием птичьей крови
CA2866741A CA2866741C (en) 2012-03-09 2013-03-08 Method for producing low-ash poultry plasma protein powder by utilizing poultry blood
ES13757800.1T ES2655213T3 (es) 2012-03-09 2013-03-08 Método para producir un polvo de proteína de plasma de ave de corral con bajo contenido de ceniza utilizando sangre de ave de corral
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