WO2013127134A1 - 类夸克干酪及其制造方法 - Google Patents

类夸克干酪及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013127134A1
WO2013127134A1 PCT/CN2012/076092 CN2012076092W WO2013127134A1 WO 2013127134 A1 WO2013127134 A1 WO 2013127134A1 CN 2012076092 W CN2012076092 W CN 2012076092W WO 2013127134 A1 WO2013127134 A1 WO 2013127134A1
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Prior art keywords
cheese
milk
quark
stirring
filling
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PCT/CN2012/076092
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
莫蓓红
刘振民
凌勇飚
高红艳
陈帅
郑远荣
石春权
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光明乳业股份有限公司
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Application filed by 光明乳业股份有限公司 filed Critical 光明乳业股份有限公司
Priority to US14/382,496 priority Critical patent/US20150118357A1/en
Priority to NZ629496A priority patent/NZ629496B2/en
Publication of WO2013127134A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013127134A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23CDAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
    • A23C19/00Cheese; Cheese preparations; Making thereof
    • A23C19/06Treating cheese curd after whey separation; Products obtained thereby
    • A23C19/068Particular types of cheese
    • A23C19/076Soft unripened cheese, e.g. cottage or cream cheese
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23CDAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
    • A23C19/00Cheese; Cheese preparations; Making thereof
    • A23C19/02Making cheese curd
    • A23C19/028Making cheese curd without substantial whey separation from coagulated milk
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23CDAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
    • A23C19/00Cheese; Cheese preparations; Making thereof
    • A23C19/02Making cheese curd
    • A23C19/032Making cheese curd characterised by the use of specific microorganisms, or enzymes of microbial origin
    • A23C19/0323Making cheese curd characterised by the use of specific microorganisms, or enzymes of microbial origin using only lactic acid bacteria, e.g. Pediococcus and Leuconostoc species; Bifidobacteria; Microbial starters in general
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23CDAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
    • A23C1/00Concentration, evaporation or drying
    • A23C1/12Concentration by evaporation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a quark-like cheese and a method of producing the same. Background technique
  • Cheese Also known as cheese, cheese or cheese, it is a nutrient that is added to the milk with a starter and rennin to ferment the nutrients in the milk and drain the whey.
  • Each kilogram of cheese is concentrated from 10 kilograms of milk and contains natural milk calcium. This process is a process of concentrating the milk protein, and the protein content of the cheese is significantly higher than the protein content of the raw materials used.
  • Quark cheese is milky white, or light yellow, with a refreshing or mild acidity. It is soft, slightly elastic, must have good spreadability, must be free of water or whey on the surface, and should not be dry or granulated. In general, a good quality quark should be smooth and have good spreadability.
  • This product has a shelf life of 2-4 weeks when stored at ⁇ 8 °C.
  • the "stable" in the stationary period here means that the following conditions do not occur: (1) microbial contamination, (2) whey (ie, syneresis), (3) granular structure, (4) produced during storage. Acidic or bitter substances.
  • the present invention fills the gaps in the prior art, and by using existing equipment of a conventional dairy processing plant, does not require additional equipment investment, and develops a method for producing quark-like cheese having a flavor and tissue similar to that of quark cheese. State, smooth surface, solid texture, fine texture, no whey, product flavor, state consistency, longer shelf life, and tissue state during shelf life Stable.
  • the texture state of the product differs greatly from the characteristic structure of the cheese, and it is closer to the yogurt with higher viscosity, and the fermentation time is about 16 hours, which is more likely to cause product contamination during the period, resulting in a short shelf life.
  • the curd effect will be produced faster in 15 minutes. If it is added in the fermenter, the filling process will take more than 15 minutes, so that the product in the front stage and the back part are filled.
  • the quality of the product will vary greatly, especially in the latter part of the product, which has been partially curd in the fermenter. After pumping and filling, the condensed state will be destroyed. Such multiple trials ended in failure.
  • the method for producing a quark-like cheese of the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • the raw material milk is concentrated under vacuum at 40 ° C to 50 ° C to a protein mass percentage of 6.0% - 8.0%, uniformly mixed with the cream, then homogenized, and then heat treated at 90 ° C - 95 ° C for 5 min - 10 min. And then cooling to 30 ° C - 34 ° C, to obtain treated milk;
  • the quark cheese is one of soft fresh cheese; wherein, fresh cheese refers to cheese which is directly consumed without being matured, and generally has a short shelf life; soft cheese is divided according to moisture, generally speaking The moisture content in non-fat milk solids is > 61 wt% (Guo Benheng, cheese [M], 2004, P5). Quark cheese is milky white, or light yellow, with a refreshing or mild acidity. It has a soft, slightly elastic texture, good spreadability, no water or whey on the surface, and no dry or granules.
  • the raw material milk is concentrated under vacuum at 40 ° C to 50 ° C to a protein mass percentage of 6.0% - 8.0%, uniformly mixed with the cream, then homogenized, and then heat treated at 90 ° C - 95 ° C for 5 min - 10 min. Then, it is cooled to 30 ° C - 34 ° C to obtain a treated milk.
  • the raw material milk is a raw material milk which is conventionally used in the art, and is preferably an untreated raw milk.
  • the types of raw milk are all conventionally used in the art and are generally selected from the group consisting of cow's milk.
  • the vacuum concentration can be carried out according to the conventional operation in the art, and the vacuum-concentrated device preferably uses a single-effect falling film evaporator or a double-effect falling film evaporator.
  • the cream is liquid and has a cream content of 36% by weight to 40% by weight, which is relatively thick milk.
  • the cream can be used to supplement the milk fat; the preferred amount is 0%-5%, and the percentage is the mass percentage of the total amount of the cream after the vacuum concentration treatment of the raw material milk.
  • the homogenization is a conventional operation in the art, preferably a two-stage homogenization.
  • the homogenization total pressure is preferably from 12 MPa to 18 MPa; the temperature is a conventional homogeneous use temperature, generally from 65 ° C to 75 ° C.
  • the heat treatment conditions are preferably a heat treatment at 93-95 ° C for 5-8 min.
  • the heat treatment conditions are particularly selected for the present invention, and are very important for the curd and structural molding of cheese, and have a great influence on the shelf life and safety.
  • the lactic acid bacteria starter for conventional quark cheese refers to a lactic acid bacteria starter used in the conventional preparation of quark cheese in the art, and the preferred strain is Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and lactate. Lactococcus lactis subsp.cremoris, more preferably Cohansen's trade name R-704 starter, Danisco's trade name MA014 starter or DSM (DSM) trade name LL -50 starter.
  • DSM DSM
  • the amount of the lactic acid bacteria starter used in the conventional quark cheese is the amount of the conventional quark cheese lactic acid bacteria starter used in the art, but it is preferably 0.002% to 0.003 wt% in combination with the specific selected process conditions of the present invention.
  • the percentage is the mass percentage of the lactic acid bacteria starter used for conventional quark cheese to the total amount of treated milk.
  • the fermentation at 30 ° C - 34 ° C for 90 min - 120 min - generally in the fermenter the step (1) can be cooled to 30 ° C -34 ° C to obtain the treated milk in the fermenter
  • the fermentation temperature of 30 °C -34 °C can be maintained.
  • the stirring condition during the fermentation is preferably: 300 rpm/min to 400 rpm/min, stirring for 3 min to 5 min, stopping for 6 min to 10 min, and stirring and stopping are alternately performed.
  • the amount of the chymosin may be a conventional amount in the art, preferably 0.0003%-0.001%, more preferably 0.0003%-0.0005%, and the percentage is the total amount of the chymosin treated milk. Percentage of mass.
  • the rennet aqueous solution is generally prepared by using deionized water to prepare a lwt%-3wt% aqueous solution, and is used after being kept at 25 ° C -28 ° C for 15 min-20 min.
  • the type of the chymosin may be conventionally used in the art, preferably calf rennet and/or microbial chymosin, which are commercially available, such as Danisco, Ke Hansen. Available from DSM.
  • the on-line addition of the rennet aqueous solution can use the flavor conventionally used in the art. Pump operation for even mixing on-line.
  • the filling can be carried out according to the usual practice of the present invention, and is generally sealed in a glass cup, a composite paper cup or a plastic cup.
  • the static fermentation described above is a specific choice of the invention and is important for the cheese texture configuration.
  • the pH is fermented to 4.75, and the fermentation time is about 12-16 hours.
  • the refrigerator is conventional in the art, and is generally a refrigerator at 4 ° C - 8 ° C.
  • the transfer library After the cold storage, the transfer library generally adopts the principle of first-in-first-out transfer.
  • the present invention also provides a quark-like cheese prepared by the aforementioned method for producing a quark-like cheese.
  • reagents and starting materials used in the present invention are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
  • the manufacturing method of the quark cheese of the invention is simple and feasible, and is designed and researched by combining the existing equipment and the process, and is suitable for the domestic common dairy factory, without additional equipment investment, for accelerating the domestic production of fresh cheese.
  • the process has a very positive meaning.
  • the method for producing a quark cheese according to the present invention has the same flavor as the quark cheese, and has a firm texture, a fine texture, a smooth surface, no whey, and a texture similar to that of a common quark cheese; The status is consistent, the volatility is small, and the shelf life is 6-8 weeks in the case of refrigeration.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the flow of a conventional quark cheese production process in the background art. detailed description
  • Example 1 The starting materials or reagents used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
  • Example 1 The starting materials or reagents used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
  • Fresh milk is concentrated in a single-effect falling film evaporator (medium light machine RNJM01-600) at 40 °C, to 6.5% (mass%) of protein, mixed with 3%% cream, and stirred evenly.
  • the second stage is homogeneous, the homogenization pressure is 15 MPa, the temperature range is 65 °C -75 °C, and then heat treatment is carried out at 95 °C for 5 minutes, and cooled to 32 °C to obtain treated milk.
  • the fresh milk was concentrated in a double-effect falling film evaporator (Zhongguang RNJM02-700) at 50 ° C to 8.0% by mass of protein.
  • the second stage is homogeneous, the homogenization pressure is 18 MPa, the temperature range is 65 °C -75 °C, and then heat treatment is carried out at 90 °C, lOmin, and cooled to 32 °C to obtain a treated milk.
  • the R704 starter was treated with 0.003% of the milk (Khansen Company, the strain was Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and the Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris).
  • Stirring speed is 400rpm/min, stirring for 5min, stopping for 6min, stirring and stopping alternately, after fermentation at 32 °C for 90min, pumping to the filling equipment; using 0.001%% of calf rennet rennet with deionized water It is made into 1% aqueous solution, and is kept at 28 °C for 15 minutes, then placed in the essence cylinder of the filling equipment.
  • the rennet aqueous solution is added and mixed on the line through the essence pump, and filled in the composite paper cup. Sealed, sent to a static fermentation at 32 °C to pH 4.75, quickly transferred to a cold storage at 8 °C for 12 hours.
  • Example 3
  • the fresh milk was concentrated in a single-effect falling film evaporator at 40 ° C in vacuo to 6.0% by mass of the protein, mixed with 5 wt% of cream, and stirred well.
  • the second stage is homogeneous, the homogenization pressure is 18 MPa, the temperature range is 65 °C -75 °C, and then heat treatment is carried out at 95 °C for 5 minutes, and cooled to 34 °C to obtain treated milk.
  • Fresh milk was concentrated in a double-effect falling film evaporator at 48 ° C in vacuo to 7.5% (mass percent) of protein, mixed with 2 wt% cream, and stirred well.
  • the second stage is homogeneous, the homogenization pressure is 12 MPa, the temperature range is 65 °C -75 °C, and then heat treatment is carried out at 93 °C for 8 minutes, and cooled to 30 °C to obtain treated milk.
  • the fresh milk was concentrated in a single-effect falling film evaporator at 46 ° C in vacuo to 6.9% (mass percent) of protein, mixed with 3.5% of cream, and stirred well.
  • the second stage is homogeneous, the homogenization pressure is 15 MPa, the temperature range is 65 °C -75 °C, and then heat treatment is carried out at 95 °C for 6 minutes, and cooled to 33 °C to obtain treated milk.
  • the fermenter 0.0025% of the R704 starter (the strain is Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and the Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris) is treated.
  • Stirring speed is 300 rpm/min, stirring for 5 min, stopping for 10 min, stirring and stopping alternately, after fermentation at 33 °C for 97 min, pumping to the filling equipment; using 0.0005 wt% of microbial chymosin with deionized water to make 2 W tW solution, and kept at 25 °C for 20min, put into the essence tank of the filling equipment, and simultaneously fill and mix the rennet aqueous solution through the essence pump, fill and seal in the glass.
  • the mixture was allowed to stand at 30 ° C for fermentation to pH 4.74, and quickly transferred to a 7 ° C freezer for 12 hours.
  • Fresh milk was concentrated in a double-effect falling film evaporator at 42 ° C in vacuo to 7.2% by mass of protein, mixed with 4 wt% cream, and stirred well.
  • the second stage is homogeneous, the homogenization pressure is 15 MPa, the temperature range is 65 °C -75 °C, and then heat treatment is carried out at 94 ° C for 6 minutes, and cooled to 32 ° C to obtain treated milk.
  • the quark cheese is prepared by the conventional quark cheese production process in the prior art, and the specific process flow is as shown in Fig. 1, that is, the conventional quark cheese produced in the conventional manner is obtained.
  • Example 2 only the calf rennet was added in an amount of 0.002% by weight.
  • Example 1 The effect of the surface whey precipitation on the quark cheese of the present invention (Examples 1, 3, 6) and Comparative Examples 1, 2 was tested, and the filling quality was similar in a cylindrical container of the same size (area of about 20 cm 2 ).
  • the quark cheese of the present invention is not only in flavor but also in ordinary quark cheese. It is similar to the taste and is comparable in the whey precipitation.
  • Examples 1, 4, 5 The effects of the shelf life of the quark cheese of the present invention (Examples 1, 4, 5) and Comparative Example 1 were tested by microbes as indicators (microbiological limits specified in the national standard GB5420, especially mold and yeast), Ten cups were taken every ten days for appearance and microbiological tests, and the number of unqualified items was counted.

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Abstract

一种类夸克干酪及其制造方法。该方法包括如下步骤:(1)将原料乳于40-50℃下真空浓缩至蛋白质6.0-8.0wt%,与稀奶油均匀混合,之后均质,再以90-95℃热处理5-10min,然后冷却至30-34℃,得到处理乳;(2)将处理乳接种常规夸克干酪用的乳酸菌发酵剂,于30-34℃发酵90-120min,发酵时的搅拌条件为:以300-600rpm/min搅拌2-6min,再停5-15min,搅拌与停止二者交替进行;(3)灌装,在灌装同时在线添加凝乳酶水溶液均匀混合,灌装完成后于28-32℃静置发酵至pH值4.70-4.75,然后转移至冷藏库冷却8-12小时即可。

Description

类夸克干酪及其制造方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种类夸克干酪及其制造方法。 背景技术
干酪 (cheese) 又称奶酪、 芝士或起司, 它是在牛奶中加入发酵剂、 凝 乳酶, 使牛奶中的营养物质经发酵成熟, 沥去乳清后的营养物质。 每公斤干 酪由 10公斤的牛奶浓缩而成, 含天然的乳钙。 这个过程是乳蛋白质的浓缩 过程, 干酪中蛋白质的含量显著高于所用原料中蛋白质的含量。
夸克干酪呈乳白色, 或者淡黄色, 风味呈清爽或温和的酸味,质地柔软、 稍有弹性、 必须具有良好的涂抹性、 表面不得有水或乳清析出, 也不得出现 干燥或粒状物。一般说来,质量良好的夸克应该平滑,且具有良好的涂抹性。 这种产品在〈8°C下贮藏时具有 2-4周的货架稳定期。 这里的稳定期中的 "稳 定"是指不出现以下几种情况: (1 )微生物污染,(2 )排乳清(即脱水收缩), (3 ) 产生粒状结构, (4) 在贮藏期间产生过酸现象或苦味物质。
传统的夸克干酪生产工艺, 其生产工艺示意图如图 1所示, 包括了原乳 处理、 嗜温菌发酵、 添加凝乳酶、 破乳、 分离乳清、 冷却包装成型等工序, 工序时间长, 使用设备众多, 且占地面积大, 投资高。 在目前没有干酪专门 生产线的工厂里是难以实现此类产品的生产。 该现状亟待解决。 发明内容
本发明填补现有技术空白, 通过利用常规乳制品加工厂的现有设备, 不 需要额外的设备投入, 开发出一种类夸克干酪的制造方法, 制得的产品具有 与夸克奶酪相似的风味和组织状态, 表面平整光滑, 质地坚实、 细腻, 无乳 清析出, 产品批次间风味、 状态一致, 保质期更长, 且在保质期中组织状态 稳定。
本发明的发明人在研发过程中, 曾尝试在不切割、 不排除乳清的情况下 进行类夸克奶酪的生产,发现目前现有的一些不排乳清的新鲜干酪加工方式 中, 主要通过在奶中添加酪蛋白或起结构作用的牛奶蛋白, 奶粉、 糖等补充 乳蛋白和乳固体, 并在工艺采用类似酸奶发酵翻缸的技术来实现不排乳清新 鲜干酪的制备。 但是, 显然这种方式并不适合夸克产品, 一则真正的奶酪产 品是不添加糖和奶粉之类, 其只对牛奶进行凝乳然后再浓缩; 二则在添加凝 乳酶后如果还进行搅拌翻缸, 往往会造成大量乳清析出, 凝乳块的硬度也会 被极大的破坏, 产品的质构状态与干酪的特征结构差别较大, 实则会更接近 粘度高一些的酸奶, 并且, 再加上发酵时长达 16个小时左右, 期间更容易 造成产品污染, 导致保质期不长。 另外, 在原料乳中添加凝乳酶后在 15min 较快的即会产生凝乳效果,如果在发酵罐中添加,灌装过程则往往需要 15min 分钟以上, 这样灌装前段的产品与后段的产品在质构上会发生很大的不同, 特别是后段的产品已有部分在发酵罐中凝乳, 经过泵送灌装, 更会使已凝结 的状态发生破坏。 这样的多次试验均以失败而告终。
最终, 经过发明人坚持不懈的努力研究, 采用工艺上的调整和组合, 以 及特别选定的操作条件协同配合下, 获得本发明类夸克干酪的制造方法。
本发明的类夸克干酪的制造方法包括如下步骤:
( 1 )将原料乳于 40°C-50°C下真空浓缩至蛋白质质量百分比 6.0%-8.0%, 与稀奶油均匀混合, 之后均质, 再以 90°C-95 °C热处理 5min-10min, 然后冷 却至 30°C-34°C, 得到处理乳;
(2)将处理乳接种常规夸克干酪用的乳酸菌发酵剂, 于 30°C-34°C发酵 90min-120min, 发酵时的搅拌条件为: 以 300rpm/min-600rpm/min 搅拌 2min-6min, 再停 5min-15min, 搅拌与停止二者交替进行;
(3 ) 之后灌装, 在灌装同时在线添加凝乳酶水溶液使之均匀混合, 灌 装完成之后再于 28°C-32°C静置发酵至 pH值 4.70-4.75, 然后转移至冷藏库 冷却 8-12小时即可。
本发明中, 所述的夸克干酪属于软质新鲜干酪中的一种; 其中, 新鲜干 酪是指不经成熟直接食用的干酪, 一般保质期较短; 软质干酪是按水分来划 分,一般来说为非脂乳固体中的水分含量〉 61wt% (郭本恒,干酪 [M] , 2004, P5 )。 夸克干酪呈乳白色, 或者淡黄色, 风味呈清爽或温和的酸味, 质地柔 软、 稍有弹性、 必须具有良好的涂抹性、 表面不得有水或乳清析出, 也不得 出现干燥或粒状物。
下面, 进一步对本发明类夸克干酪的制造方法进行详细介绍:
( 1 )将原料乳于 40°C-50°C下真空浓缩至蛋白质质量百分比 6.0%-8.0%, 与稀奶油均匀混合, 之后均质, 再以 90°C-95 °C热处理 5min-10min, 然后冷 却至 30°C-34°C, 得到处理乳。
本发明中, 所述的原料乳为本领域常规使用的原料乳, 较佳的为未经处 理的生鲜乳。 所述的原料乳的种类均为本领域常规使用, 一般选自牛乳。
本发明中, 所述的真空浓缩可按本领域常规操作进行, 其真空浓缩的设 备较佳的使用单效降膜式蒸发器或双效降膜式蒸发器。
本发明中, 所述的稀奶油是液态的, 奶油含量在 36wt%~40wt%, 看上 去是比较厚的牛奶。所述的稀奶油可用于补充乳脂肪;较佳的用量为 0%-5%, 百分比为稀奶油占原料乳真空浓缩处理后总量的质量百分比。
本发明中, 所述的均质为本领域常规操作, 较佳的为二级均质。 所述的 均质总压力较佳的为 12MPa-18MPa;温度为常规均质使用温度,一般为 65 °C -75°C。
本发明中, 所述的热处理的条件较佳的为 93-95 °C热处理 5-8min。
本发明中, 所述的热处理条件为本发明特别选择, 对干酪的凝乳和结构 成型非常重要, 同时对保质期和安全性影响也很大。
(2)将处理乳接种常规夸克干酪用的乳酸菌发酵剂, 于 30°C-34°C发酵 90min-120min, 发酵时的搅拌条件为: 以 300rpm/min-600rpm/min 搅拌 2min-6min, 再停 5min- 15min, 搅拌与停止二者交替进行。
本发明中,所述的常规夸克干酪用的乳酸菌发酵剂即指本领域常规制备 夸克干酪使用的乳酸菌发酵剂, 较佳的菌种为乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种 Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactis 禾口乳酸乳球菌乳月旨亚禾中 Lactococcus lactis subsp.cremoris , 更佳的为科汉森公司商品名 R-704发酵剂、丹尼斯克公司商 品名 MA014的发酵剂或帝斯曼公司 (DSM公司) 商品名 LL-50的发酵剂。
本发明中,所述的常规夸克干酪用的乳酸菌发酵剂的用量为本领域常规 夸克奶酪乳酸菌发酵剂使用量, 但结合本发明特定选择的工艺条件, 较佳的 为 0.002%-0.003wt%, 百分比为常规夸克干酪用的乳酸菌发酵剂占处理乳总 量的质量百分比。
本发明中, 所述的 30°C -34°C发酵 90min-120min—般在发酵罐中进行, 可将步骤 (1 ) 的冷却至 30 °C -34°C得到处理乳置于发酵罐中即可维持 30 °C -34 °C的发酵温度。
本发明中,所述的发酵时的搅拌条件较佳的为: 300rpm/min-400rpm/min , 搅拌 3min-5min, 停 6min-10min, 搅拌与停止二者交替进行。
( 3 ) 之后灌装, 在灌装同时在线添加凝乳酶水溶液使之均匀混合, 灌 装完成之后再于 28 °C -32°C静置发酵至 pH值 4.70-4.75, 然后转移至冷藏库 冷却 8-12小时即可。
本发明中, 所述的凝乳酶的用量可为本领域常规用量, 较佳的为 0.0003%-0.001 %, 更佳的为 0.0003%-0.0005%, 百分比为凝乳酶占处理乳总 量的质量百分比。所述的凝乳酶水溶液为一般用去离子水配制成 lwt%-3wt% 水溶液, 并于 25 °C -28 °C下保温 15min-20min后使用。
本发明中, 所述的凝乳酶的种类可为本领域常规使用, 较佳的为小牛皱 胃凝乳酶和 /或微生物凝乳酶, 市售可得, 如丹尼斯克、 科汉森、 DSM公司 均有售。
本发明中,所述的在线添加凝乳酶水溶液可使用本领域常规使用的香精 泵操作, 实现在线均匀混合。
本发明中, 所述的灌装可按本领常规操作, 一般灌到玻璃杯、 复合纸杯 或塑料杯中封合。
本发明中, 所述的静置发酵为本发明特定选择, 对干酪质构形很重要。 一般在 pH发酵至 4.75, 发酵时间约为 12-16小时。
本发明中, 所述的冷藏库为本领域常规, 一般为 4°C-8°C冷藏库。 冷藏 之后的移库一般采用先进先出的移库原则。
本发明还提供前述类夸克干酪的制造方法制得的类夸克干酪。
本发明中, 在符合本领域常识的基础上, 上述的各优选技术特征可任意 组合, 即得本发明各较佳实例。
本发明所用试剂和原料除特别说明之外, 均市售可得。
本发明的积极进步效果在于:
1、 本发明类夸克干酪的制造方法工艺简单可行, 通过将现有设备组合, 以及工艺进行创造性地设计和研究, 适合国内普通乳制品工厂, 不需要额外 的设备投入, 对于加快新鲜干酪的国产化进程具有非常积极的意义。
2、本发明类夸克干酪的制造方法得到产品与夸克干酪具有相同的风味, 同时质地坚实、细腻、表面光滑、无乳清析出, 也与普通夸克干酪质构相似; 并且产品批次间风味、状态一致, 波动性小, 保质期在冷藏情况下有 6-8周。 附图说明
图 1为背景技术中所说传统夸克干酪生产工艺的流程示意图。 具体实施方式
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本发明,但并不因此将本发明限制在 所述的实施例范围之中。
下述实施例中所用的原料或试剂除特别说明之外, 均市售可得。 实施例 1
将生鲜牛乳于 40°C下有单效降膜式蒸发器(中轻机 RNJM01-600 ) 中真 空浓缩, 至蛋白质 6.5% (质量百分比), 混入 3^%稀奶油, 搅拌均匀。 二 级均质, 均质压力为 15MPa、 温度范围 65 °C -75 °C, 之后进行 95 °C、 5min 的热处理, 冷却至 32 °C, 得到处理乳。
在发酵罐中向接入处理乳 0.002^%的 MA014发酵剂 (丹尼斯克公司, 菌种为乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种 Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis和乳酸乳球菌乳脂 亚禾中 Lactococcus lactis subsp.cremoris ) ,搅拌速度为 300rpm/min,搅拌 6min, 停 lOmin, 搅拌与停止交替进行, 32°C发酵 120min后, 泵送至灌装设备; 将用量 0.0005^%的小牛皱胃凝乳酶用去离子水配制成 2WtW 溶液, 并于 26°C下保温 20min后放入灌装设备的香精缸中, 灌装同时, 通过香精泵把凝 乳酶水溶液在线添加混合均匀, 在玻璃杯中灌装、封合, 送入 31 °C的静置发 酵至 pH 4.70, 快速转移至 4 °C冷藏库冷却 8小时即可。
实施例 2
将生鲜牛乳于 50°C下在双效降膜式蒸发器(中轻机 RNJM02-700 ) 中真 空浓缩, 至蛋白质 8.0% (质量百分比)。 二级均质, 均质压力为 18MPa、 温 度范围 65 °C -75 °C, 之后进行 90 °C、 lOmin的热处理, 冷却至 32°C, 得到处 理乳。
在发酵罐中向接入处理乳 0.003^%的 R704发酵剂(科汉森公司, 菌种 为乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种 Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactis和乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种 Lactococcus lactis subsp.cremoris ) , 搅拌速度为 400rpm/min, 搅拌 5min, 停 6min, 搅拌与停止交替进行, 32 °C发酵 90min后, 泵送至灌装设备; 将用量 0.001^%的小牛皱胃凝乳酶用去离子水配制成 1^%水溶液, 并于 28 °C下保 温 15min后放入灌装设备的香精缸中, 灌装同时, 通过香精泵把凝乳酶水溶 液在线添加混合均匀, 在复合纸杯中灌装、 封合, 送入 32 °C的静置发酵至 pH 4.75, 快速转移至 8 °C冷藏库冷却 12小时即可。 实施例 3
将生鲜牛乳于 40 °C下有单效降膜式蒸发器中真空浓缩, 至蛋白质 6.0% (质量百分比),混入 5wt%稀奶油,搅拌均匀。二级均质,均质压力为 18MPa、 温度范围 65 °C -75 °C, 之后进行 95 °C、 5min的热处理, 冷却至 34 °C, 得到 处理乳。
在发酵罐中向接入处理乳 0.002^%的 LL-50发酵剂 (DSM公司, 菌种 为乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种 Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactis和乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种 Lactococcus lactis subsp.cremoris ) , 搅拌速度为 600rpm/min, 搅拌 2min, 停 5min, 搅拌与停止交替进行, 34 °C发酵 lOOmin后, 泵送至灌装设备; 将用 量 0.0008^%的小牛皱胃凝乳酶用去离子水配制成 1^%水溶液, 并于 25 °C 下保温 20min后放入灌装设备的香精缸中, 灌装同时, 通过香精泵把凝乳酶 水溶液在线添加混合均匀, 在玻璃杯中灌装、封合, 送入 28 °C的静置发酵至 pH 4.70, 快速转移至 6°C冷藏库冷却 10小时即可。
实施例 4
将生鲜牛乳于 48 °C下有双效降膜式蒸发器中真空浓缩, 至蛋白质 7.5% (质量百分比),混入 2wt%稀奶油,搅拌均匀。二级均质,均质压力为 12MPa、 温度范围 65 °C -75 °C, 之后进行 93 °C、 8min的热处理, 冷却至 30 °C, 得到 处理乳。
在发酵罐中向接入处理乳 0.003^%的 MA014发酵剂 (丹尼斯克公司, 菌种为乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种 Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactis和乳酸乳球菌乳脂 亚禾中 Lactococcus lactis subsp.cremoris ) ,搅拌速度为 400rpm/min,搅拌 3min, 停 15min, 搅拌与停止交替进行, 30 °C发酵 90min后, 泵送至灌装设备; 将 用量 0.0006^%的小牛皱胃凝乳酶用去离子水配制成 3WtWj溶液,并于 26 °C 下保温 20min后放入灌装设备的香精缸中, 灌装同时, 通过香精泵把凝乳酶 水溶液在线添加混合均匀, 在玻璃杯中灌装、封合, 送入 31 °C的静置发酵至 pH 4.72, 快速转移至 4°C冷藏库冷却 12小时即可。 实施例 5
将生鲜牛乳于 46 °C下有单效降膜式蒸发器中真空浓缩, 至蛋白质 6.9% (质量百分比), 混入 3.5^%稀奶油, 搅拌均匀。 二级均质, 均质压力为 15MPa、温度范围 65 °C -75 °C,之后进行 95 °C、 6min的热处理,冷却至 33 °C, 得到处理乳。
在发酵罐中向接入处理乳 0.0025^%的 R704发酵剂 (科汉森公司, 菌 种为乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种 Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis和乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚 种 Lactococcus lactis subsp.cremoris ) , 搅拌速度为 300rpm/min , 搅拌 5min, 停 lOmin, 搅拌与停止交替进行, 33 °C发酵 97min后, 泵送至灌装设备; 将 用量 0.0005wt%的微生物凝乳酶用去离子水配制成 2WtW 溶液, 并于 25 °C 下保温 20min后放入灌装设备的香精缸中, 灌装同时, 通过香精泵把凝乳酶 水溶液在线添加混合均匀, 在玻璃杯中灌装、封合, 送入 30°C的静置发酵至 pH 4.74, 快速转移至 7 °C冷藏库冷却 12小时即可。
实施例 6
将生鲜牛乳于 42°C下有双效降膜式蒸发器中真空浓缩, 至蛋白质 7.2% (质量百分比),混入 4wt%稀奶油,搅拌均匀。二级均质,均质压力为 15MPa、 温度范围 65 °C -75 °C, 之后进行 94°C、 6min的热处理, 冷却至 32 °C, 得到 处理乳。
在发酵罐中向接入处理乳 0.002^%的 LL-50发酵剂 (DSM公司, 菌种 为乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种 Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactis和乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种 Lactococcus lactis subsp.cremoris ) , 搅拌速度为 500rpm/min, 搅拌 4min, 停 12min, 搅拌与停止交替进行, 32 °C发酵 115min后, 泵送至灌装设备; 将用 量 0.0003wt%的微生物凝乳酶用去离子水配制成 3wtW 溶液, 并于 27 °C下 保温 15min后放入灌装设备的香精缸中, 灌装同时, 通过香精泵把凝乳酶水 溶液在线添加混合均匀, 在玻璃杯中灌装、 封合, 送入 30 °C的静置发酵至 pH 4.75, 快速转移至 4°C冷藏库冷却 12小时即可。 对比例 1
采用现有技术中传统夸克干酪生产工艺制备夸克干酪,具体工艺流程如 图 1所示, 即获得传统方式生产的普通夸克干酪。
对比例 2
与实施例 2相同, 只是小牛皱胃凝乳酶的添加量为 0.002wt%。
效果实施例 1
取 1杯干酪样品, 每次至少请 20名志愿者品尝打分, 品尝前后用红酒 漱口, 用以将干扰降到最低。 具体评价标准以及打分标准见表 1
表 1夸克干酪评定标准
Figure imgf000010_0001
结果如下表 2所示:
表 2感官评定数据
指标 对比例 1 对比例 2 实施例 1 实施例 2 实施例 5 滋味和气味 45 40 43 46 45 组织状态 36 25 34 35 32
色泽 8 7 10 9 7
总分 89 72 87 90 84 优 10 3 10 11 9 总体评价
良 7 8 8 6 7
(人次)
一般 3 9 2 3 4 由表 2中的数据可知:本发明的类夸克干酪与普通夸克干酪(对比例 1 ) 相比, 在外观和风味上得分不相上下, 在质构上与普通夸克干酪相比, 分数 相差不大, 总体接受度高。 而对比例 2在组织状态上得分较低, 总体评价也 不高, 可见没有按照本发明的方法制得的产品难以获得本发明的技术效果。 由此可见, 本发明的类夸克干酪受品评者喜欢, 工艺可行, 完全符合商业化 的要求。
效果实施例 2
对本发明类夸克干酪(实施例 1、 3、 6 )和对比例 1、 2进行表面乳清析 出方面的效果检验, 用同样大小的圆柱形容器中 (面积约为 20cm2) 灌装质 量相近(约 80g左右) 的干酪样品, 封合, 在 10°C冰箱里放置 5天, 开封称 量样品与包装的总重量 、空包装的重量 Wp以及收集的表面析出乳清的重 量 W2, 每个样品取 5个平行样。
表面乳清析出量 (:%)=[W2/ (W Wp) ]χ100%
结果如下表所示:
Figure imgf000011_0001
由以上数据显示, 3个实施例与对比例 1相比, 没有显著性差异, 乳清 析出在正常可接受范围内, 而对比例 2则有明显差异, 其乳清析出明显, 影 响产品销售性。 因此, 本发明夸克干酪比起普通夸克干酪而言, 不仅在风味 和口感上相近, 在乳清析出性上也不相上下。
效果实施例 3
对本发明类夸克干酪 (实施例 1、 4、 5 ) 和对比例 1进行保质期的效果 检验, 以微生物为指标进行对比(按国家标准 GB5420中规定的微生物限量, 特别是霉菌和酵母的指标), 每十天取十杯进行外观和微生物检验, 统计不 合格数。
Figure imgf000012_0001
由以上数据显示, 本发明的夸克干酪在 60天后只有一例检出微生物不 合格, 而对比例 1则 90%变质, 可见本发明在延长保质期方面与普通夸克干 酪相比时间明显延长。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种类夸克干酪的制造方法, 其特征在于: 其包括如下步骤:
(1)将原料乳于 40°C-50°C下真空浓缩至蛋白质质量百分比 6.0%-8.0%, 与稀奶油均匀混合, 之后均质, 再以 90°C-95°C热处理 5min-10min, 然后冷 却至 30°C-34°C, 得到处理乳;
(2)将处理乳接种常规夸克干酪用的乳酸菌发酵剂, 于 30°C-34°C发酵 90min-120min, 发酵时的搅拌条件为: 以 300rpm/min-600rpm/min 搅拌 2min-6min, 再停 5min-15min, 搅拌与停止二者交替进行;
(3) 之后灌装, 在灌装同时在线添加凝乳酶水溶液使之均匀混合, 灌 装完成之后再于 28°C-32°C静置发酵至 pH值 4.70-4.75, 然后转移至冷藏库 冷却 8-12小时即可。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的制造方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 (1) 中, 所述的 原料乳为未经处理的生鲜乳; 所述的原料乳的种类为牛乳。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的制造方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 (1) 中, 所述的 真空浓缩的设备使用单效降膜式蒸发器或双效降膜式蒸发器。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的制造方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 (1) 中, 所述的 稀奶油的用量为 0%-5%,百分比为稀奶油占原料乳真空浓缩处理后总量的质 量百分比; 所述的均质为二级均质; 所述的均质总压力较佳的为 12MPa-18MPa; 所述的均质的温度较佳的为 65°C-75°C; 所述的热处理的条 件为 93°C-95°C热处理 5min-8min。
5、 如权利要求 1所述的制造方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 (2) 中, 所述的 常规夸克干酪用的乳酸菌发酵剂的菌种为乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种 Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactis 禾口 /或乳酸乳球菌乳月旨亚禾中 Lactococcus lactis subsp.cremoris;所述的常规夸克干酪用的乳酸菌发酵剂较佳的为科汉森公司 商品名 R-704发酵剂、 丹尼斯克公司商品名 MA014的发酵剂或帝斯曼公司 商品名 LL-50 的发酵剂; 所述的常规夸克干酪用的乳酸菌发酵剂的用量为 0.002%-0.003wt% , 百分比为常规夸克干酪用的乳酸菌发酵剂占处理乳总量 的质量百分比。
6、 如权利要求 1所述的制造方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 (2) 中, 所述的 发酵时的搅拌条件为: 300rpm/min-400rpm/min, 搅拌 3min-5min, 停 6min-10min, 搅拌与停止二者交替进行。
7、 如权利要求 1所述的制造方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 (3 ) 中, 所述的 凝乳酶的用量为 0.0003%-0.001%, 较佳的为 0.0003%-0.0005%, 百分比为凝 乳酶占处理乳总量的质量百分比; 所述的凝乳酶的种类为小牛皱胃凝乳酶和 /或微生物凝乳酶; 所述的凝乳酶水溶液较佳的为用去离子水配制成 lwt%-3wt^J溶液, 并于 25°C-28°C下保温 15min-20min后使用。
8、 如权利要求 1所述的制造方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 (3 ) 中, 所述的 在线添加凝乳酶水溶液使用的香精泵操作。
9、 如权利要求 1所述的制造方法, 其特征在于, 所述的灌装灌到玻璃 杯、 复合纸杯或塑料杯中封合; 所述的冷藏库为 4°C-8°C冷藏库, 冷藏之后 的移库采用先进先出的移库原则。
10、 如权利要求 1-9任一项所述的类夸克干酪的制造方法制得的类夸克 干酪。
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