WO2013115296A1 - 混合エステル - Google Patents
混合エステル Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013115296A1 WO2013115296A1 PCT/JP2013/052137 JP2013052137W WO2013115296A1 WO 2013115296 A1 WO2013115296 A1 WO 2013115296A1 JP 2013052137 W JP2013052137 W JP 2013052137W WO 2013115296 A1 WO2013115296 A1 WO 2013115296A1
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- acid
- mixed
- ester
- mixed ester
- pentaerythritol
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/32—Esters
- C10M105/38—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/02—Esters of acyclic saturated monocarboxylic acids having the carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom or to hydrogen
- C07C69/22—Esters of acyclic saturated monocarboxylic acids having the carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom or to hydrogen having three or more carbon atoms in the acid moiety
- C07C69/33—Esters of acyclic saturated monocarboxylic acids having the carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom or to hydrogen having three or more carbon atoms in the acid moiety esterified with hydroxy compounds having more than three hydroxy groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
- C10M171/008—Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/104—Carboxylic acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/003—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/071—Branched chain compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/09—Characteristics associated with water
- C10N2020/097—Refrigerants
- C10N2020/101—Containing Hydrofluorocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/70—Soluble oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a mixed ester used for industrial lubricating oil such as refrigerator oil.
- HFC hydrofluorocarbon
- GWP global warming potential
- HFO 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
- HFO-1234ze 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene
- mixed refrigerants of fluoropropene and HFC and the like.
- the refrigerant circulation cycle of the refrigerator has a structure in which the refrigerant oil circulates in the cycle together with the refrigerant that normally lubricates the refrigerant compressor. Therefore, the refrigerating machine oil is required to have compatibility with the refrigerant, and since it is used for the purpose of lubricating the operating part of the refrigerating machine, the lubricating performance is naturally important.
- the refrigeration oil undergoes phase separation, the refrigeration oil discharged from the refrigerant compressor is likely to stay in the cycle, resulting in a decrease in the amount of refrigeration oil in the refrigerant compressor, causing poor lubrication, This causes problems such as closing the expansion mechanism.
- industrial lubricating oils including refrigerating machine oils are generally required to have excellent low-temperature characteristics and various stability improvements for use in low-temperature environments such as winter or cold regions.
- the stability include thermal stability, oxidation stability, oxidation / hydrolysis stability, and the like.
- various durability improvements such as wear resistance and fatigue resistance, and energy saving performance are required.
- Patent Document 4 describes a refrigerating machine oil composed of pentaerythritol and a tetraester of 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid.
- the ester does not satisfy low temperature characteristics, oxidation / hydrolysis stability, etc. Absent.
- the compatibility of the ester with a refrigerant containing fluoropropene is not described or suggested.
- Patent Document 5 describes a lubricant base oil for automobiles, aircraft engines, turbines, and the like containing a tetraester of 2-propylheptanoic acid and pentaerythritol, and a refrigerant containing a fluoropropene of the ester. The compatibility with is not described or suggested.
- Patent Document 6 discloses a refrigerating machine oil containing fatty acid B in which the proportion of branched fatty acids having 10 to 13 carbon atoms is 98.0 mol% and an ester of pentaerythritol mixed with 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid.
- the specific component of the C10 branched fatty acid constituting the ester is not disclosed.
- compatibility with refrigerants containing fluoropropene is neither described nor suggested.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a refrigerating machine oil using a mixed fatty acid ⁇ mixing ratio (molar ratio): 50/50 ⁇ of 2-ethylhexanoic acid and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid and an ester of pentaerythritol, HFO-
- the refrigerant compatibility at 0 ° C. with 1234yf is described, and Patent Document 7 describes the pour point of the ester, but the lubricity and the like of the ester are not satisfactory, and the refrigerating machine oil The balance of performance required for industrial lubricating oils is not good.
- the object of the present invention is to ensure the necessary viscosity range as a refrigerating machine oil and to have excellent compatibility with a refrigerant containing fluoropropene, low temperature characteristics, oxidation stability, oxidation / hydrolysis stability, lubricity, etc.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a mixed ester used for industrial lubricating oil such as refrigerating machine oil having a well-balanced performance.
- the present invention provides the following [1] to [3].
- Pentaerythritol or pentaerythritol and formula (I) (I) A mixed ester of a mixed polyhydric alcohol composed of dipentaerythritol represented by the formula: and a carboxylic acid containing 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid and 2-propylheptanoic acid.
- the mixed ester according to [1], wherein the carboxylic acid comprises 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid and 2-propylheptanoic acid.
- [3] The mixed ester according to [1] or [2], wherein a molar ratio of 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid to 2-propylheptanoic acid in the carboxylic acid is in the range of 90:10 to 10:90. .
- [4] The mixed ester according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the polyhydric alcohol of the mixed ester is pentaerythritol.
- [5] A refrigerating machine oil containing the mixed ester according to any one of [1] to [4].
- [6] A working fluid composition for a refrigerator, comprising the refrigerator oil according to [5] and a refrigerant.
- the present invention ensures excellent performance such as compatibility with refrigerants containing fluoropropene, low temperature characteristics, oxidation stability, oxidation / hydrolysis stability, lubricity while ensuring the viscosity range necessary for refrigerating machine oil.
- the mixed ester used for industrial lubricating oils such as refrigerating machine oil which has a good balance, can be provided.
- the mixed ester of the present invention is a mixed ester of pentaerythritol and a carboxylic acid containing 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid and 2-propylheptanoic acid, or pentaerythritol and the formula (I) (I) And a mixed ester of a mixed polyhydric alcohol composed of dipentaerythritol and a carboxylic acid containing 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid and 2-propylheptanoic acid.
- the mixed ester means a compound obtained by esterification using a plurality of carboxylic acids that form an ester with respect to a polyhydric alcohol.
- pentaerythritol or mixed polyhydric alcohol composed of pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol constituting the mixed ester of the present invention is referred to as constituent alcohol
- carboxylic acid constituting the mixed ester of the present invention is referred to as constituent carboxylic acid.
- the mixed esters of the present invention include the following (i) to (iii): (I) Mixed ester of a constituent alcohol in which the constituent carboxylic acid in the same molecule contains both 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid and 2-propylheptanoic acid (ii) the constituent alcohol and 3,5,5-trimethylhexane An ester of a constituent carboxylic acid containing an acid and a mixture of an ester of a constituent alcohol and a constituent carboxylic acid containing 2-propylheptanoic acid (iii) Each embodiment of the mixture of (i) and (ii) above is included
- the mixed ester of the present invention may contain a partial ester that remains as a hydroxyl group without being partly esterified, as an impurity.
- the constituent carboxylic acid may contain other carboxylic acids other than 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid and 2-propylheptanoic acid.
- the other carboxylic acids include linear aliphatic monocarboxylic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, hexanoic acid, peptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid and octadecanoic acid, 2- Ethyl butyric acid, 2-methylpentanoic acid, 4-methylpentanoic acid, 2-methylhexanoic acid, 2-ethylpentanoic acid, 2-ethyl-2-methylbutyric acid, 2,2-dimethylpentanoic acid, 2-methylheptanoic acid, Examples thereof include branched aliphatic monocarboxylic acids such as 3-ethylhexanoic acid, 2-e
- the content of other carboxylic acids in the constituent carboxylic acids is compatible with the refrigerant containing fluoropropene, low temperature characteristics, oxidation stability, oxidation, while ensuring the necessary viscosity range for the mixed ester refrigerator oil of the present invention. -It should just be the range which does not impair the outstanding characteristics, such as hydrolysis stability and lubricity.
- the total proportion of 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid and 2-propylheptanoic acid in the constituent carboxylic acids is preferably 50 mol% or more, more preferably 80 mol% or more, and 90 mol% or more. More preferably, the constituent carboxylic acid consists of 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid and 2-propylheptanoic acid.
- the molar ratio of 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid to 2-propylheptanoic acid is a viscosity range necessary for refrigerating machine oil, fluoropropene. From the viewpoint of compatibility with the contained refrigerant, low temperature characteristics, oxidation stability, oxidation / hydrolysis stability, etc., the range is preferably 90:10 to 10:90, and 90:10 to 15:85. More preferably, it is more preferably in the range of 80:20 to 30:70.
- the proportion of 2-propylheptanoic acid in the constituent carboxylic acid is preferably 10 mol% or more.
- dipenta occupies the constituent alcohol from the viewpoint of the viscosity range necessary for refrigerating machine oil, compatibility with a refrigerant containing fluoropropene, low-temperature characteristics, etc.
- the proportion of erythritol is preferably 30 mol% or less, and more preferably 20 mol% or less.
- the constituent alcohol is more preferably pentaerythritol alone from the viewpoints of the viscosity range necessary for refrigerating machine oil, compatibility with refrigerants containing fluoropropene, low temperature characteristics, and the like.
- the mixed polyhydric alcohol composed of pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol constituting the mixed ester of the present invention can be obtained as a commercial product, or can be obtained by mixing pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol respectively obtained as a commercial product.
- the 2-propylheptanoic acid constituting the mixed ester of the present invention can be obtained by aldol condensation of valeraldehyde in the presence of an alkali catalyst according to a known method, for example, the method described in JP-A-8-109299. It can be obtained by hydrogenating the double bond portion of the unsaturated aldehyde and oxidizing it.
- Other production methods include a method of dimerization of pentene and subsequent oxidation described in DE10239134.
- the mixed ester of the present invention is obtained by reacting, for example, a constituent alcohol, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, 2-propylheptanoic acid, and optionally other carboxylic acid at 120 to 300 ° C. for 5 to 60 hours. Can be manufactured. At this time, each carboxylic acid may be added all at once or sequentially.
- a method in which all the carboxylic acids are mixed and reacted together with the constituent alcohol (Production Method 1), a predetermined amount of the constituent alcohol, 2-propylheptanoic acid and, if desired, other carboxylic acid is reacted, and then There is a method in which 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid is sequentially added and reacted (production method 2).
- the mixed ester of the present invention can be manufactured by appropriately selecting production method 1 or 2 according to the ratio of 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid and 2-propylheptanoic acid in the constituent carboxylic acids. Can be shortened.
- the constituent alcohol is pentaerythritol, and the molar ratio of 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid to 2-propylheptanoic acid [3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid: 2-propylheptanoic acid] In the range of 30:70 to 95: 5, it can be produced in a relatively short time by any of production methods 1 and 2, and the constituent alcohol is pentaerythritol, and the molar ratio is Is in the range of 5:95 to 30:70 (not including 30:70), it can be manufactured in a relatively short time, for example, within 25 hours by selecting the manufacturing method 2. That is, the mixed ester of the present invention has a feature that it can be produced with high productivity.
- the mixed ester of the present invention is produced by any one of production methods 1 and 2, and is compatible with the refrigerant containing fluoropropene described in the present specification, low-temperature characteristics, and oxidation stability. Performance such as stability, oxidation / hydrolysis stability, and lubricity are not impaired.
- a catalyst may be used.
- the catalyst include mineral acid, organic acid, Lewis acid, organic metal, solid acid and the like.
- the mineral acid include hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid and the like.
- the organic acid include p-toluenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, butanesulfonic acid, propanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid and the like.
- the Lewis acid include boron trifluoride, aluminum chloride, tin tetrachloride, titanium tetrachloride and the like.
- organic metal examples include tetrapropoxy titanium, tetrabutoxy titanium, tetrakis (2-ethylhexyloxy) titanium, and the like.
- solid acid examples include a cation exchange resin. It is preferable to carry out the reaction while removing water produced by the reaction from the reaction mixture.
- the sum of the amount of 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, the amount of 2-propylheptanoic acid and the amount of other carboxylic acids used is 1.1 with respect to the hydroxyl group of the constituent alcohol used. It is preferably ⁇ 1.4 times mol.
- a solvent may be used.
- the solvent include hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene, toluene, xylene, hexane, heptane, isohexane, isooctane, isononane, decane, and the like.
- the molar ratio of the acid can be different from that in the amount used to make the mixed ester.
- the mixed ester of the present invention can be used in a method commonly used in organic synthetic chemistry (washing with water and / or an aqueous alkali solution, treatment with activated carbon, adsorbent, various chromatography, distillation, etc.). It may be purified.
- the mixed ester of the present invention contains 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid and 2-propylheptanoic acid as constituent carboxylic acids, it contains fluoropropene while ensuring the necessary viscosity range as a refrigerating machine oil. Excellent performance such as compatibility with the refrigerant, viscosity-temperature characteristics, low temperature characteristics, stability, lubricity, etc., and sufficient performance such as low temperature fluidity and electrical insulation.
- the mixed ester of the present invention imparts excellent lubricity to the refrigerating machine oil and the working fluid composition for the refrigerating machine of the present invention.
- the mixed ester of the present invention When the mixed ester of the present invention is used as a refrigerating machine oil, lubricity such as friction reducing ability and wear reducing ability (wear resistance) of the refrigerating machine oil becomes important. Generally, the lubricity is affected by the viscosity of the refrigerating machine oil. If the viscosity of the refrigerating machine oil is too low, the oil film at the sliding portion becomes thin and the wear tends to be shortened, so that the life of the equipment using the lubricating oil tends to be shortened. On the other hand, when the viscosity of the refrigerating machine oil is too high, the viscosity resistance increases, and the friction coefficient increases, so that the energy efficiency tends to decrease. Accordingly, the mixed ester is required to fall within the viscosity range necessary for refrigerating machine oil.
- compatibility with a refrigerant is also important. If the compatibility is poor, there is a concern about problems such as poor lubrication in the refrigerant compressor due to the phase separation between the refrigerant and the refrigerating machine oil, and the refrigerating machine oil discharged from the refrigerant compressor staying in the refrigerant circulation cycle.
- the viscosity of the mixture of the refrigerant and refrigerating machine oil in the refrigerant circulation cycle There is a concern about problems such as poor lubrication due to a decrease in refrigerant dissolution viscosity and a thin oil film at the sliding portion. Further, the decrease in the melt viscosity of the refrigerant may cause a poor sealability of the refrigerant in the sliding portion of the refrigerant compressor. Therefore, the mixed ester is required to fall within the compatibility range required as a refrigerating machine oil.
- the compatibility with the refrigerant is generally expressed using the two-layer separation temperature. It can be said that the lower the two-layer separation temperature, the better the compatibility on the low temperature side.
- the mixed ester of the present invention is used as a refrigerating machine oil, it is required that the two-layer separation temperature representing the degree of compatibility falls within the necessary temperature range as described above.
- the two-layer separation temperature when the mixed ester is mixed with 10% of a refrigerant containing fluoropropene is preferably ⁇ 10 ° C. or lower, A range of 10 to -50 ° C. is more preferable.
- the compatibility with the refrigerant has a correlation with the properties of the mixed ester.
- Viscosity-temperature characteristics are changes in kinematic viscosity with changes in temperature of oils such as lubricating oil. Oils with good viscosity-temperature characteristics are those whose viscosity change is small with respect to temperature changes, while those with poor viscosity are oils that suddenly thicken in the low temperature range or have a kinematic viscosity lower than expected in the high temperature range. It is. Generally, the viscosity-temperature characteristic is expressed as a viscosity index, and it can be said that the higher the numerical value, the better the viscosity-temperature characteristic. The viscosity characteristic in a low temperature region is also called low temperature fluidity, and is represented by a pour point, a freezing point, a channel point, and the like.
- the pour point refers to the lowest temperature at which the oil agent flows when the oil agent such as lubricating oil is cooled according to the method of Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) K2269.
- JIS Japanese Industrial Standard
- An oil agent having a low pour point is preferable in that the fluidity does not deteriorate even in a low temperature environment such as in winter or in a cold region, and therefore, malfunction of equipment using the oil agent does not occur.
- an oil that is not volatile in a high temperature range and does not solidify or precipitate in a low temperature range is preferable.
- the temperature range is not particularly limited, but an oil that can be stably used at about 150 ° C. on the high temperature side and about ⁇ 20 ° C. on the low temperature side is preferable.
- the characteristic that solidification and precipitation do not occur in the low temperature range is defined as the low temperature characteristic.
- stability examples include thermal stability, oxidation stability, oxidation / hydrolysis stability, shear stability, and the like for lubricating oil applications.
- Electrical insulation is represented by volume resistivity and is measured according to the method of Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) C2101.
- JIS Japanese Industrial Standard
- Lubricity includes, for example, friction reduction, wear reduction (wear resistance), extreme pressure, and the like.
- the refrigerant usually coexists with the refrigerating machine oil at the sliding portion. Therefore, when the mixed ester of the present invention is used as the refrigerating machine oil and the working fluid composition for the refrigerating machine, for example, a refrigerant containing fluoropropene Excellent lubricity in the presence of a refrigerant such as
- the kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of the mixed ester is preferably in the range of 20 to 150 mm 2 / sec, more preferably in the range of 30 to 110 mm 2 / sec. The range of 60 to 110 mm 2 / sec is most preferable.
- the mixed ester of the present invention is used in refrigerating machine oil, if the residual amount of hydroxyl groups in the mixed ester is large, the refrigerating machine oil becomes cloudy at low temperature and undesired phenomena occur such as blocking the refrigeration cycle capillary device.
- the hydroxyl value of the mixed ester is preferably 10 mgKOH / g or less, and more preferably 5 mgKOH / g or less.
- the refrigerating machine oil of the present invention refers to one containing the mixed ester of the present invention.
- the refrigerating machine oil may be a refrigerating machine oil composed only of the mixed ester, or a refrigerating machine composed of the mixed ester and another lubricating base oil. Machine oil may be used. Furthermore, you may contain the additive for lubricating oils as needed.
- the refrigerating machine oil containing the mixed ester the mixed ester is used as a lubricating oil base oil.
- Lubricating oil additives include, for example, detergent dispersants, antioxidants, wear reducing agents (antiwear agents, anti-seizure agents, extreme pressure agents, etc.), friction modifiers, oiliness agents, acid scavengers, metal Examples include activators, rust inhibitors, pour point depressants, viscosity index improvers, thickeners, and antifoaming agents.
- the content of these additives is preferably 0.001 to 5% by weight in the refrigerating machine oil.
- antioxidant examples include di-tert-butyl-p-cresol.
- wear reducing agent examples include tricresyl phosphate and triphenyl phosphate.
- acid scavenger examples include , 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether, neodecyl glycidyl ester, bis (dibutylphenyl) carbodiimide and the like, examples of the metal deactivator include benzotriazole, and examples of the antifoaming agent include dimethylsiloxane and the like Is mentioned.
- lubricating base oil examples include mineral oil and synthetic base oil.
- mineral oil examples include paraffin-based crude oil, intermediate-based crude oil, and naphthenic-based crude oil. Further, refined oils obtained by purifying these by distillation or the like can also be used.
- Synthetic base oils include, for example, poly- ⁇ -olefins (polybutene, polypropylene, ⁇ -olefin oligomers having 8 to 14 carbon atoms, etc.), aliphatic esters (fatty acid monoesters, polyhydric alcohols) other than the mixed esters of the present invention. Fatty acid esters, aliphatic polybasic acid esters, etc.), aromatic esters (aromatic monoesters, aromatic esters of polyhydric alcohols, aromatic polybasic acid esters, etc.), polyalkylene glycols, polyvinyl ethers, polycarbonates, alkylbenzenes, etc. Can be mentioned.
- the content of the other lubricating base oils described above does not impair various performances such as compatibility with refrigerants containing fluoropropene, low temperature fluidity, and lubricity while ensuring the necessary viscosity range as a refrigerating machine oil.
- it does not restrict
- the working fluid composition for a refrigerator of the present invention refers to a refrigerant containing the refrigerant and the refrigerator oil of the present invention.
- the mixed ester of the present invention is used for refrigerating machine oil of the working fluid composition for refrigerating machines.
- the mixing ratio of the refrigerating machine oil of the present invention and the refrigerant is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 1000 parts by weight of the mixed ester of the present invention with respect to 100 parts by weight of the refrigerant, and 2 to 800 parts by weight. Is more preferable.
- the refrigerant of the working fluid composition for a refrigerator is at least one selected from fluoropropene, hydrocarbons having 3 to 5 carbon atoms and carbon dioxide from the viewpoint of low GWP and ensuring a necessary compatibility range. It is preferable that it is a refrigerant
- the refrigerant containing fluoropropene include a refrigerant composed only of fluoropropene, a mixed refrigerant composed of hydrofluorocarbon such as fluoropropene and difluoromethane (hereinafter referred to as “HFC-32”), and the like.
- the refrigerant composed only of fluoropropene include HFO-1234ze, HFO-1234yf, and mixtures thereof. Among them, HFO-1234ze or HFO-1234yf is preferable.
- the mixed refrigerant composed of fluoropropene and hydrofluorocarbon such as HFC-32
- HFO-1234ze / HFC-32 mixed refrigerant composed of HFO-1234ze and HFC-32
- HFO-1234yf / HFC-32 HFO-1234yf and HFC-32 mixed refrigerant
- the mixing ratio of fluoropropene and hydrofluorocarbon is not particularly limited.
- the mixed ester of the present invention is used for refrigerating machine oil and working fluid compositions for refrigerating machines, as well as engine oil, gear oil, motor oil used in hybrid cars and electric cars, grease, detergent for metal parts, plasticizer Can also be used.
- the refrigerating machine oil and the working fluid composition for the refrigerating machine of the present invention include room air conditioners, packaged air conditioners, car air conditioners, dehumidifiers, refrigerators, freezers, refrigerators, vending machines, showcases, refrigerators for chemical plants, etc. Is preferably used.
- the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum was measured by the following measuring instrument and measuring method.
- Measuring instrument GSX-400 (400 MHz) manufactured by JEOL Ltd.
- Measurement method 1 H-NMR, standard (tetramethylsilane), solvent (CDCl 3 )
- the molar ratio of pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol of the mixed ester produced in Examples 7 and 8 was calculated by the following formula.
- Pentaerythritol / dipentaerythritol (integral value of peak C / 8) / (integral value of peak D / 4)
- peak C corresponds to a peak for eight hydrogen atoms on a methylene group in pentaerythritol
- peak D corresponds to a peak for four hydrogen atoms on a methylene group bonded to ether oxygen in dipentaerythritol.
- reaction product was purified by distillation (bp: 70 ° C./0.7 kPa) to obtain 1930 g of 2-propyl-2-heptenal.
- (2) Production of 2-propylheptanal In an autoclave, 420 g of 2-propyl-2-heptenal and 4 g of 5% Pd carbon powder (56% water-containing product, manufactured by N.E. Chemcat) were charged under a pressure of 1.5 MPa of hydrogen. And stirred at 75 ° C. for 1.5 hours. Subsequently, the reaction product was filtered through a membrane filter (PTFE, 0.5 ⁇ m) to obtain 416 g of 2-propylheptanal.
- PTFE 0.5 ⁇ m
- Example 1 [Mixed ester of pentaerythritol with a molar ratio of 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid and 2-propylheptanoic acid (ratio of 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid / 2-propylheptanoic acid) of 90/10 (mixed Production of ester 1)
- an adsorbent Kyoward 500 manufactured by Kyowa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. was used.
- As activated carbon Shirahige P manufactured by Nippon Enviro Chemicals was used.
- reaction product was washed with 90 mL of an aqueous alkaline solution containing sodium hydroxide twice as much as the acid value of the reaction product at 90 ° C. for 0.5 hour. The reaction product was then washed 3 times with 200 mL of water at 90 ° C. for 0.5 hour. Subsequently, the reaction product was dried at 90 ° C. for 1 hour under reduced pressure of 0.9 kPa while performing nitrogen bubbling.
- reaction product 4.0 g of adsorbent (corresponding to 0.7% by weight of the reaction product) and 2.9 g of activated carbon (corresponding to 0.5% by weight of the reaction product) are added to the reaction product, and nitrogen bubbling is performed.
- the reaction product was stirred at 100 ° C. for 2 hours under reduced pressure of 1.3 kPa, and then filtered using a filter aid to obtain 516 g of mixed ester 1.
- Example 2 [Mixed ester of pentaerythritol with a molar ratio of 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid to 2-propylheptanoic acid (ratio of 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid / 2-propylheptanoic acid) of 77/23 (mixed Production of ester 2)]
- the molar ratio of pentaerythritol, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid and 2-propylheptanoic acid used is 1/3.
- the mixed ester 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the reaction time was 36 / 1.44 and the reaction time was 14 hours.
- Example 3 [A mixed ester of pentaerythritol with a molar ratio of 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid to 2-propylheptanoic acid (ratio of 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid / 2-propylheptanoic acid) of 50/50 (mixed Production of ester 3)]
- the molar ratio of pentaerythritol, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid and 2-propylheptanoic acid used is 1/2.
- a mixed ester 3 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the reaction time was 20 / 2.60 and the reaction time was 15 hours.
- Example 4 [Mixed ester of pentaerythritol with a molar ratio of 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid to 2-propylheptanoic acid (ratio of 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid / 2-propylheptanoic acid) of 34/66 (mixed Production of ester 4)]
- the molar ratio of pentaerythritol, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid and 2-propylheptanoic acid used was set to 1/1.
- the mixed ester 4 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the reaction time was 45 / 3.35 and the reaction time was 17 hours.
- Example 5 [Mixed ester of pentaerythritol having a molar ratio of 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid to 2-propylheptanoic acid (ratio of 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid / 2-propylheptanoic acid) of 19/81 (mixed Production of ester 5)]
- the molar ratio of pentaerythritol, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid and 2-propylheptanoic acid used is 1 / 0.0.
- the mixed ester 5 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the reaction time was 80 / 4.00 and the reaction time was 30 hours.
- Example 6 [A mixed ester of pentaerythritol with a molar ratio of 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid to 2-propylheptanoic acid (ratio of 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid / 2-propylheptanoic acid) of 16/84 (mixed Production of ester 6)] A reactor equipped with a Dean-Stark trap and dropping funnel was charged with 68 g of pentaerythritol (0.5 mol, manufactured by Guangei Perstorp) and 331 g of 2-propylheptanoic acid (1.9 mol, production example), and the mixture was stirred.
- the mixture was degassed by bubbling nitrogen at room temperature for 30 minutes under reduced pressure of 20 kPa. Next, the mixture was stirred at 180 to 230 ° C. for 7 hours while carrying out nitrogen bubbling under normal pressure. Subsequently, 76 g of 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid (0.5 mol, manufactured by Kyowa Hakko Chemical Co., Ltd.) was added from the dropping funnel and stirred at 230 ° C. for 11 hours. The total reaction time was 18 hours. After the reaction, in the same manner as in Example 1, 291 g of mixed ester 6 was obtained by distilling off unreacted carboxylic acid, washing with alkali and water, drying, adsorption treatment with an adsorbent and activated carbon, and filtration.
- Example 7 [The molar ratio of 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid to 2-propylheptanoic acid (ratio of 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid / 2-propylheptanoic acid) is 56/44, and pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol Production of Mixed Ester (Mixed Ester 7) with a Molar Ratio (Pentaerythritol / Dipentaerythritol Ratio) of 90/10]
- pentaerythritol a mixed alcohol in which pentaerythritol (manufactured by Koei Perstorp) and dipentaerythritol (manufactured by Koei Perstorp) is mixed, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid and 2- The molar ratio of the amount of propyl
- Example 8 The molar ratio of 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid to 2-propylheptanoic acid (ratio of 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid / 2-propylheptanoic acid) is 30/70, and pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol Of mixed ester (mixed ester 8) having a molar ratio of 80/20 (pentaerythritol / dipentaerythritol ratio)] Instead of pentaerythritol, a mixed alcohol in which pentaerythritol (manufactured by Koei Perstorp) and dipentaerythritol (manufactured by Koei Perstorp) is mixed, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid and 2- The molar ratio of the amount of propylheptanoic
- Test Example 1 Measurement of kinematic viscosity Using a Canon-Fenske viscometer, according to the method of JIS K2283: 2000, the dynamics of mixed ester 1-8, ester A, ester B, and mixed ester C at 40 ° C and 100 ° C were measured. The viscosity was measured. The viscosity index was calculated according to the same method. The results are shown below and in Tables 1 and 2.
- Test Example 2 Measurement of two-layer separation temperature (evaluation of compatibility) According to the method of JIS K2211: 2009, the two-layer separation temperature of mixed esters 1 to 8, ester A and ester B was measured. [Evaluation of compatibility with HFO-1234yf] Each mixed ester 1-8, 0.4 g of ester A and ester B and 3.6 g of HFO-1234yf (Honeywell) were sealed in a pressure-resistant glass tube, and the mixture was heated from 30 ° C. to 0.5 ° C. per minute. Cooled down. The temperature at which the mixture separated into two layers or became cloudy was defined as the two-layer separation temperature. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- Refrigerating machine oil was prepared by adding 0.45 g of tricresyl phosphate (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) to 14.55 g of each of mixed ester 1-8 and mixed ester C.
- the wear scar diameter was measured using a shell-type four-ball friction tester (manufactured by Shinko Engineering Co., Ltd.). A test was performed under the conditions of a load of 100 N, a rotation speed of 1200 rpm, a time of 60 minutes, a temperature of 75 ° C., and a test material [test ball (SUJ-2)], and the wear scar diameter after the test was measured.
- the wear scar diameter was the average value of all three fixed spheres in the vertical and horizontal directions. The results are shown below. The smaller the value of the wear scar diameter, the better the wear resistance of the refrigeration oil.
- Test Example 8 Measurement of weight loss temperature (evaluation of thermal stability) Using a thermogravimetric / differential calorimeter Tg-DTA6200 (manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc.), the 5% weight loss temperature of the mixed esters 1 to 8 was measured under the following conditions. The results are shown below. Measurement temperature: 40 to 420 ° C., temperature increase rate: 10 ° C./min, atmosphere: nitrogen aeration (300 mL / min), sample container: 15 ⁇ l (open) made of aluminum, sample amount: 3 mg
- the mixed esters 1 to 8 have a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of 60.0 to 108.4 mm 2 / sec and a two-layer separation temperature of ⁇ 17 ° C. or less when mixed with HFO-1234yf.
- RBOT under the condition 1 in which the two-layer separation temperature when mixed with HFO-1234ze / HFC-32 (weight ratio: 60/40) is ⁇ 15 ° C. or lower, and no solidification or precipitation is observed at ⁇ 20 ° C.
- the lifetime was 2070 minutes or longer, and the RBOT lifetime in Condition 2 was 65 minutes or longer.
- the mixed esters 2, 4 and 8 had a two-layer separation temperature of ⁇ 50 ° C.
- the mixed ester C had a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of 67.0 mm 2 / sec, a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of 8.3 mm 2 / sec, and a viscosity index of 92.
- the volume resistivity (30 ° C.) of the mixed esters 1 to 8 was 1 ⁇ 10 16 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more. It turns out that the mixed ester of this invention has sufficient electrical insulation.
- the wear scar diameter of the refrigerating machine oil composed of mixed esters 1 to 8 and tricresyl phosphate was 0.23 mm or less.
- the wear scar diameter of the refrigerating machine oil composed of the mixed ester C and tricresyl phosphate was 0.37 mm. It turns out that the mixed ester of this invention provides the abrasion resistance outstanding to the refrigerating machine oil of this invention.
- the 5% weight reduction temperature of the mixed esters 1 to 8 was 260 ° C. or higher. It can be seen that the mixed ester of the present invention has sufficient thermal stability.
- the present invention ensures excellent performance such as compatibility with refrigerants containing fluoropropene, low temperature characteristics, oxidation stability, oxidation / hydrolysis stability, lubricity while ensuring the viscosity range necessary for refrigerating machine oil.
- the mixed ester used for industrial lubricating oils such as refrigerating machine oil which has a good balance, can be provided.
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Abstract
Description
[1]ペンタエリスリトールまたはペンタエリスリトールおよび式(I)
(I)
で表されるジペンタエリスリトールからなる混合多価アルコールと、3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸および2-プロピルヘプタン酸を含有するカルボン酸との混合エステル。
[2]前記カルボン酸が3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸および2-プロピルヘプタン酸からなる[1]に記載の混合エステル。
[3]前記カルボン酸における3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸と2-プロピルヘプタン酸とのモル比が90:10~10:90の範囲である[1]または[2]に記載の混合エステル。
[4]混合エステルの多価アルコールがペンタエリスリトールからなる[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の混合エステル。
[5][1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の混合エステルを含有する冷凍機油。
[6][5]に記載の冷凍機油と冷媒とを含有する冷凍機用作動流体組成物。
(I)
で表されるジペンタエリスリトールからなる混合多価アルコールと3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸および2-プロピルヘプタン酸を含有するカルボン酸との混合エステルである。ここで、混合エステルとは、多価アルコールに対してエステルを形成するカルボン酸を複数種用いてエステル化して得られる化合物を意味する。
(i)同一分子における構成カルボン酸が3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸および2-プロピルヘプタン酸の双方を含有する構成アルコールとの混合エステル
(ii)構成アルコールと3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸を含有する構成カルボン酸とのエステル、および構成アルコールと2-プロピルヘプタン酸を含有する構成カルボン酸とのエステルの混合物
(iii)上記(i)および(ii)の混合物
の各態様が包含される。
なお、本発明の混合エステルには、構成アルコールの水酸基の一部がエステル化されずに水酸基のまま残っている部分エステルが不純物として含まれていても良い。
前記反応により生成する水を反応混合物から取り除きながら反応を行うことが好ましい。
本発明の混合エステルを冷凍機油に用いるとき、該混合エステルの水酸基の残存量が多いと、冷凍機油が低温で白濁し、冷凍サイクルのキャピラリー装置を閉塞させる等、好ましくない現象が起こるため、該混合エステルの水酸基価は10mgKOH/g以下であるのが好ましく、5mgKOH/g以下であるのがより好ましい。
測定機器;日本電子社製GSX-400(400MHz)
測定手法;1H-NMR、標準物(テトラメチルシラン)、溶媒(CDCl3)
3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸/2-プロピルヘプタン酸=ピークAの積分値/(ピークBの積分値-ピークAの積分値)
ここでピークAは3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸におけるカルボニル基のα位のメチレン基上の水素原子のピークのうち、高磁場側の水素原子1個分のピークに相当し、ピークBは3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸におけるカルボニル基のα位のメチレン基上の水素原子のピークのうち、低磁場側の水素原子1個分のピークと、2-プロピルヘプタン酸のカルボニル基のα位のメチン基上の水素原子1個分のピークとの合計に相当する。
ペンタエリスリトール/ジペンタエリスリトール=(ピークCの積分値/8)/(ピークDの積分値/4)
ここでピークCはペンタエリスリトールにおけるメチレン基上の水素原子8個分のピークに相当し、ピークDはジペンタエリスリトールにおけるエーテル酸素と結合しているメチレン基上の水素原子4個分のピークに相当する。
2-エチルヘキサン酸/3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸=(ピークEの積分値-ピークAの積分値)/ピークAの積分値)
ここでピークAは前記と同義であり、ピークEは、3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸におけるカルボニル基のα位のメチレン基上の水素原子のピークのうち、低磁場側の水素原子1個分のピークと2-エチルヘキサン酸のカルボニル基のα位のメチン基上の水素原子1個分のピークとの合計に相当する。
[2-プロピルヘプタン酸の製造]
(1)2-プロピル-2-ヘプテナールの製造
滴下漏斗および冷却管の付いた反応器に水酸化ナトリウム20g(0.5モル、関東化学社製)と水500mLを仕込み、80℃で撹拌しながら、滴下漏斗からn-ペンタナール2434g(28.3モル、東京化成工業社製、商品名:バレルアルデヒド)を3.5時間かけて滴下した。さらに、95℃で2時間撹拌した後、反応生成物から水層を除去した。次いで、反応生成物を蒸留精製(b.p.:70℃/0.7kPa)することにより、2-プロピル-2-ヘプテナールを1930g得た。
(2)2-プロピルヘプタナールの製造
オートクレーブに2-プロピル-2-ヘプテナール420gと5%Pdカーボン粉末4g(56%含水品、エヌ・イー ケムキャット社製)を仕込み、水素1.5MPaの加圧下、75℃で1.5時間撹拌した。次いで、反応生成物をメンブレンフィルター(PTFE、0.5μm)で濾過することにより、2-プロピルヘプタナールを416g得た。
(3)2-プロピルヘプタン酸の製造
反応器に水酸化ナトリウム0.2g(0.005モル、関東化学社製)、水1g、ヘプタン酸0.8g(0.006モル、キシダ化学社製)を仕込み、混合物を撹拌した後、2-プロピルヘプタナール47gを加え、40℃で15時間空気バブリングを行なった。窒素バブリングに切り替え、130℃で4時間撹拌することにより、2-プロピルヘプタン酸の粗体を得た。
次いで、反応器に水酸化ナトリウム4g(0.1モル、関東化学社製)、水36g、2-プロピルヘプタン酸の粗体17gを仕込み、混合物を撹拌した後、2-プロピルヘプタナール734gを加え、40℃で14時間空気バブリングを行なった。窒素バブリングに切り替え、120℃で5時間撹拌することにより、2-プロピルヘプタン酸の粗体を804g得た。得られた2-プロピルヘプタン酸の粗体774gを蒸留精製(b.p.:156~157℃/0.4kPa)することで、2-プロピルヘプタン酸を520g得た。
1H-NMR(CDCl3、δppm);0.88(t、3H)、0.92(t、3H)、1.29~1.50(m、10H)、1.58~1.67(m、2H)、2.33~2.40(m、1H)
[3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸と2-プロピルヘプタン酸のモル比(3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸/2-プロピルヘプタン酸比)が90/10であるペンタエリスリトールの混合エステル(混合エステル1)の製造]
吸着剤としては、協和化学工業社製キョーワード500を用いた。
活性炭としては、日本エンバイロケミカルズ社製白鷺Pを用いた。
ディーンスタークトラップの付いた反応器にペンタエリスリトール110g(0.8モル、広栄パーストープ社製)、3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸553g(3.5モル、協和発酵ケミカル社製)および2-プロピルヘプタン酸67g(0.4モル、製造例)を仕込み、混合物を撹拌しながら20kPaの減圧下、室温で30分間窒素バブリングを行うことにより混合物を脱気した。
次いで、常圧下、窒素バブリングを行いながら混合物を184~233℃で12時間撹拌した。反応後、反応生成物を0.9kPaの減圧下、164~235℃で2時間撹拌することにより、反応生成物中の未反応のカルボン酸を留去した。反応生成物を、該反応生成物の酸価に対して2倍モルの水酸化ナトリウムを含むアルカリ水溶液200mLで、90℃で0.5時間洗浄した。次いで、反応生成物を、水200mLで90℃で0.5時間、3回洗浄した。次いで、窒素バブリングを行いながら反応生成物を0.9kPaの減圧下、90℃で1時間撹拌することにより反応生成物を乾燥した。
反応生成物に吸着剤4.0g(反応生成物の重量0.7%に相当する)および活性炭2.9g(反応生成物の重量0.5%に相当する)を添加し、窒素バブリングを行いながら反応生成物を1.3kPaの減圧下、100℃で2時間撹拌した後、濾過助剤を用いて濾過することにより、混合エステル1を516g得た。
[3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸と2-プロピルヘプタン酸のモル比(3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸/2-プロピルヘプタン酸比)が77/23であるペンタエリスリトールの混合エステル(混合エステル2)の製造]
ペンタエリスリトール、3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸および2-プロピルヘプタン酸の使用量のモル比(ペンタエリスリトール/3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸/2-プロピルヘプタン酸比)を1/3.36/1.44にし、反応時間を14時間にする以外は、実施例1と同様に操作して、混合エステル2を得た。
[3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸と2-プロピルヘプタン酸のモル比(3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸/2-プロピルヘプタン酸比)が50/50であるペンタエリスリトールの混合エステル(混合エステル3)の製造]
ペンタエリスリトール、3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸および2-プロピルヘプタン酸の使用量のモル比(ペンタエリスリトール/3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸/2-プロピルヘプタン酸比)を1/2.20/2.60にし、反応時間を15時間にする以外は、実施例1と同様に操作して、混合エステル3を得た。
[3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸と2-プロピルヘプタン酸のモル比(3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸/2-プロピルヘプタン酸比)が34/66であるペンタエリスリトールの混合エステル(混合エステル4)の製造]
ペンタエリスリトール、3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸および2-プロピルヘプタン酸の使用量のモル比(ペンタエリスリトール/3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸/2-プロピルヘプタン酸比)を1/1.45/3.35にし、反応時間を17時間にする以外は、実施例1と同様に操作して、混合エステル4を得た。
[3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸と2-プロピルヘプタン酸のモル比(3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸/2-プロピルヘプタン酸比)が19/81であるペンタエリスリトールの混合エステル(混合エステル5)の製造]
ペンタエリスリトール、3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸および2-プロピルヘプタン酸の使用量のモル比(ペンタエリスリトール/3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸/2-プロピルヘプタン酸比)を1/0.80/4.00にし、反応時間を30時間にする以外は、実施例1と同様に操作して、混合エステル5を得た。
[3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸と2-プロピルヘプタン酸のモル比(3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸/2-プロピルヘプタン酸比)が16/84であるペンタエリスリトールの混合エステル(混合エステル6)の製造]
ディーンスタークトラップおよび滴下漏斗の付いた反応器にペンタエリスリトール68g(0.5モル、広栄パーストープ社製)および2-プロピルヘプタン酸331g(1.9モル、製造例)を仕込み、混合物を撹拌しながら20kPaの減圧下、室温で30分間窒素バブリングを行うことにより混合物を脱気した。
次いで、常圧下、窒素バブリングを行いながら混合物を180~230℃で7時間撹拌した。続いて、3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸76g(0.5モル、協和発酵ケミカル社製)を滴下漏斗から加え、230℃で11時間撹拌した。反応時間は合計で18時間であった。
反応後、実施例1と同様に、未反応のカルボン酸の留去、アルカリおよび水による洗浄、乾燥、吸着剤および活性炭による吸着処理、濾過を行なうことで混合エステル6を291g得た。
[3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸と2-プロピルヘプタン酸のモル比(3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸/2-プロピルヘプタン酸比)が56/44であり、ペンタエリスリトールとジペンタエリスリトールのモル比(ペンタエリスリトール/ジペンタエリスリトール比)が90/10である混合エステル(混合エステル7)の製造]
ペンタエリスリトールの代わりにペンタエリスリトール(広栄パーストープ社製)とジペンタエリスリトール(広栄パーストープ社製)を混合した混合アルコールを用い、ペンタエリスリトール、ジペンタエリスリトール、3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸および2-プロピルヘプタン酸の使用量のモル比(ペンタエリスリトール/ジペンタエリスリトール/3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸/2-プロピルヘプタン酸比)を1/0.11/2.80/2.80にし、反応時間を27時間にする以外は、実施例1と同様に操作して、混合エステル7を得た。
[3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸と2-プロピルヘプタン酸のモル比(3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸/2-プロピルヘプタン酸比)が30/70であり、ペンタエリスリトールとジペンタエリスリトールのモル比(ペンタエリスリトール/ジペンタエリスリトール比)が80/20である混合エステル(混合エステル8)の製造]
ペンタエリスリトールの代わりにペンタエリスリトール(広栄パーストープ社製)とジペンタエリスリトール(広栄パーストープ社製)を混合した混合アルコールを用い、ペンタエリスリトール、ジペンタエリスリトール、3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸および2-プロピルヘプタン酸の使用量のモル比(ペンタエリスリトール/ジペンタエリスリトール/3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸/2-プロピルヘプタン酸比)を1/0.25/1.85/4.75にし、反応時間を43時間にする以外は、実施例1と同様に操作して、混合エステル8を得た。
[3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸とペンタエリスリトールのエステル(エステルA)の製造]
カルボン酸として3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸のみを用い、ペンタエリスリトールおよび3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸の使用量のモル比(ペンタエリスリトール/3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸比)を1/4.80にし、反応時間を9時間にする以外は、実施例1と同様に操作して、エステルAを得た。
[2-プロピルヘプタン酸とペンタエリスリトールのエステル(エステルB)の製造]
カルボン酸として2-プロピルヘプタン酸のみを用い、ペンタエリスリトールおよび2-プロピルヘプタン酸の使用量のモル比(ペンタエリスリトール/2-プロピルヘプタン酸比)を1/4.80にし、反応時間を31時間にする以外は、実施例1と同様に操作して、エステルBを得た。
[2-エチルヘキサン酸と3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸のモル比(2-エチルヘキサン酸/3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸比)が50/50であるペンタエリスリトールの混合エステル(混合エステルC)の製造]
2-プロピルヘプタン酸の代わりに2-エチルヘキサン酸(協和発酵ケミカル社製)を用い、ペンタエリスリトール、2-エチルヘキサン酸および3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸の使用量のモル比(ペンタエリスリトール/2-エチルヘキサン酸/3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸比)を1/2.69/2.11にし、反応時間を32時間にする以外は、実施例1と同様に操作して、混合エステルCを得た。
キャノン-フェンスケ粘度計を用い、JIS K2283:2000の方法に準じて混合エステル1~8、エステルA、エステルB、および混合エステルCの40℃および100℃における動粘度を測定した。また、同方法に準じて粘度指数を算出した。結果を以下ならびに表1および2に示す。
JIS K2211:2009の方法に準じて混合エステル1~8、エステルAおよびエステルBの二層分離温度を測定した。
[HFO-1234yfとの相溶性の評価]
混合エステル1~8、エステルAおよびエステルBのそれぞれ0.4gとHFO-1234yf(ハネウェル社製)3.6gを耐圧ガラス管に封入し、混合物を30℃から毎分0.5℃の速度で冷却した。該混合物が二層分離または白濁する温度を二層分離温度とした。結果を表1および2に示す。
1)混合冷媒の調製
HFO-1234ze(ハネウェル社製)とHFC-32(ダイキン工業社製)とを、重量比(HFO-1234ze/HFC-32比)が60/40になるように耐圧容器に封入し、混合冷媒を調製した。以下の二層分離温度の測定において、該混合冷媒は耐圧容器から液相のみを抜き出して使用した。
2)二層分離温度の測定
混合エステル1~8、エステルAおよびエステルBのそれぞれ0.4gと、該混合冷媒3.6gとを耐圧ガラス管に封入し、混合物を30℃から毎分0.5℃の速度で冷却した。該混合物が二層分離または白濁する温度を二層分離温度とした。結果を表1および2に示す。
混合エステル2、4および8のそれぞれ0.4gとHFO-1234ze(ハネウェル社製)3.6gを耐圧ガラス管に封入し、混合物を30℃から毎分0.5℃の速度で冷却した。該混合物が二層分離または白濁する温度を二層分離温度とした。結果を以下に示す。
混合エステル1~8、エステルAおよびエステルBのそれぞれ1.0gをガラス容器に入れ、-20℃に設定した恒温器中で24時間静置した。24時間静置後の固化、析出物有無を目視にて確認した。固化または析出物が認められなかったものを○、認められたものを×とした。結果を表1および2に示す。
[条件1]
回転ボンベ式酸化安定度試験器RBOT-02(離合社製)を用い、JIS K2514-1996の方法に準じて酸化安定度試験を行った。混合エステル1~8、エステルAおよびエステルBのそれぞれ49.50gと、4,4'-メチレンビス(2,6-ジ-tert-ブチルフェノール)(東京化成工業社製)0.25gと、IRGANOX L57(チバ・スペシャルティ・ケミカルズ社製)0.25gと、水5mLと、紙やすり#400で磨いた電解銅線(直径1.6mm、長さ3m)を耐圧容器に入れ、次いで該耐圧容器に酸素を620kPaまで圧入した。該耐圧容器を150℃の恒温槽に入れ、毎分100回転で回転させて試験を開始し、この時を試験開始時として記録した。該耐圧容器の圧力が最高になったときから175kPaの圧力降下をしている点を終点とし、試験開始時から終点までの時間(RBOT寿命)を求めた。結果を表1および2に示す。表1および2において、RBOT寿命([条件1])が長いほど混合エステルまたはエステルの酸化・加水分解安定性が優れていることを表す。
4,4'-メチレンビス(2,6-ジ-tert-ブチルフェノール)とIRGANOX L57と水を耐圧容器に入れず、それ以外は条件1と同様の操作を行い、試験開始時から終点までの時間(RBOT寿命)を求めた。結果を表1および2に示す。表1および2において、RBOT寿命([条件2])が長いほど混合エステルまたはエステルの酸化安定性が優れていることを表す。
デジタル超高抵抗/微少電流計R8340A(ADVANTEST社製)および液体電極DAC-OBE-2(総研電気社製)を用い、JIS C2101-1999の方法に準じて混合エステル1~8の30℃における体積抵抗率を測定した。結果を以下に示す。
自動流動点測定器RPC-01CML(離合社製)を用い、JIS K2269-1987の方法に準じて混合エステル1~8の流動点を測定した。結果を以下に示す。
混合エステル1~8および混合エステルCのそれぞれ14.55gにリン酸トリクレジル(東京化成工業社製)0.45gを加え、冷凍機油を調製した。冷凍機油のそれぞれについて、シェル式四球摩擦試験機(神鋼造機社製)を用いて摩耗痕径の測定を行なった。荷重100N、回転数1200rpm、時間60分、温度75℃、試験材[試験球(SUJ-2)]の条件で試験を行い、試験後の摩耗痕径を測定した。摩耗痕径は3つの固定球の垂直方向、水平方向全ての平均値とした。結果を以下に示す。摩耗痕径の値が小さいもの程、冷凍機油の耐摩耗性が優れていることを表す。
熱重量/示差熱量計Tg-DTA6200(セイコー・インスツルメント社製)を用い、以下の条件で、混合エステル1~8の5%重量減少温度を測定した。結果を以下に示す。
測定温度;40~420℃、昇温速度;10℃/分、雰囲気;窒素通気(300mL/分)、試料容器;アルミニウム製15μl(開放)、サンプル量;3mg
Claims (6)
- 前記カルボン酸が3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸および2-プロピルヘプタン酸からなる請求項1に記載の混合エステル。
- 前記カルボン酸における3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸と2-プロピルヘプタン酸とのモル比が90:10~10:90の範囲である請求項1または2に記載の混合エステル。
- 混合エステルの多価アルコールがペンタエリスリトールからなる請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の混合エステル。
- 請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の混合エステルを含有する冷凍機油。
- 請求項5に記載の冷凍機油と冷媒とを含有する冷凍機用作動流体組成物。
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US14/375,645 US9328306B2 (en) | 2012-02-01 | 2013-01-31 | Mixed ester |
CN201380006816.9A CN104254515B (zh) | 2012-02-01 | 2013-01-31 | 混合酯 |
JP2013556488A JP6135017B2 (ja) | 2012-02-01 | 2013-01-31 | 混合エステル |
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CN105934505A (zh) * | 2014-01-28 | 2016-09-07 | 捷客斯能源株式会社 | 冷冻机用工作流体组合物和冷冻机油 |
WO2016140040A1 (ja) * | 2015-03-02 | 2016-09-09 | Jxエネルギー株式会社 | 冷凍機油及び冷凍機用作動流体組成物 |
US9546334B2 (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2017-01-17 | Kh Neochem Co., Ltd. | Refrigerating machine oil, and working fluid composition for refrigerating machine which is produced using same |
KR20170132739A (ko) * | 2015-03-30 | 2017-12-04 | 이데미쓰 고산 가부시키가이샤 | 냉동기 윤활유 및 냉동기용 혼합 조성물 |
JP2019203138A (ja) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-11-28 | 出光興産株式会社 | 冷凍機潤滑油及び冷凍機用混合組成物 |
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US9523058B2 (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2016-12-20 | Kh Neochem Co., Ltd. | Mixed ester |
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JP6135017B2 (ja) | 2017-05-31 |
JPWO2013115296A1 (ja) | 2015-05-11 |
US20150001438A1 (en) | 2015-01-01 |
US9328306B2 (en) | 2016-05-03 |
CN104254515A (zh) | 2014-12-31 |
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