WO2013111457A1 - 硫酸バリウムを含むアルミナ材料、それを用いた排気ガス浄化用触媒 - Google Patents
硫酸バリウムを含むアルミナ材料、それを用いた排気ガス浄化用触媒 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013111457A1 WO2013111457A1 PCT/JP2012/081472 JP2012081472W WO2013111457A1 WO 2013111457 A1 WO2013111457 A1 WO 2013111457A1 JP 2012081472 W JP2012081472 W JP 2012081472W WO 2013111457 A1 WO2013111457 A1 WO 2013111457A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- alumina
- barium sulfate
- exhaust gas
- catalyst
- material containing
- Prior art date
Links
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims abstract description 229
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 210
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 184
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 99
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 69
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 138
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 103
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 45
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 43
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 35
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 26
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 23
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 19
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 14
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 11
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium acetate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- -1 sulfuric acid compound Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Rh+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 159000000009 barium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000010718 Oxidation Activity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ba+2] WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910001626 barium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium nitrate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L barium(2+);oxomethanediolate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][14C]([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011268 mixed slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L platinum dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Pt]Cl CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CJWLZBLADIYQOV-UHFFFAOYSA-L platinum(2+);dinitrite Chemical compound [Pt+2].[O-]N=O.[O-]N=O CJWLZBLADIYQOV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- SVOOVMQUISJERI-UHFFFAOYSA-K rhodium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Rh+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O SVOOVMQUISJERI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium nitrate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DUFCMRCMPHIFTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(dimethylsulfamoyl)-2-methylfuran-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CN(C)S(=O)(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C)O1 DUFCMRCMPHIFTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010757 Reduction Activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HDYRYUINDGQKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M acetyloxyaluminum;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.CC(=O)O[Al] HDYRYUINDGQKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229940009827 aluminum acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001552 barium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001863 barium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SSJVTIOFGIUKMI-UHFFFAOYSA-J barium(2+);disulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SSJVTIOFGIUKMI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007922 dissolution test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002563 ionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- UYXRCZUOJAYSQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;platinum Chemical compound [Pt].O[N+]([O-])=O UYXRCZUOJAYSQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005504 petroleum refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Pt+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YWFDDXXMOPZFFM-UHFFFAOYSA-H rhodium(3+);trisulfate Chemical compound [Rh+3].[Rh+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O YWFDDXXMOPZFFM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K rhodium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Rh+3] SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000790 scattering method Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003755 zirconium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/053—Sulfates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/04—Alumina
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/42—Platinum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/44—Palladium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
- B01J23/464—Rhodium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/58—Platinum group metals with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/053—Sulfates
- B01J27/055—Sulfates with alkali metals, copper, gold or silver
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/19—Catalysts containing parts with different compositions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/396—Distribution of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/399—Distribution of the active metal ingredient homogeneously throughout the support particle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/613—10-100 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/615—100-500 m2/g
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1021—Platinum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1023—Palladium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1025—Rhodium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/204—Alkaline earth metals
- B01D2255/2042—Barium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/209—Other metals
- B01D2255/2092—Aluminium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/911—NH3-storage component incorporated in the catalyst
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an alumina material containing barium sulfate and an exhaust gas purifying catalyst using the same, and more specifically, an alumina material containing barium sulfate, a catalyst and an adsorbent using the alumina material, particularly gasoline vehicles, diesel vehicles, etc.
- the present invention relates to an exhaust gas purifying catalyst excellent in purifying performance of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine.
- NOx nitrogen oxides
- alumina materials containing calcium sulfate, barium sulfate and the like are known (see Patent Document 1).
- various catalysts have been used in catalyst devices for purifying exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine such as a gasoline vehicle depending on the purpose.
- This main catalyst component includes a platinum group metal, and is usually used in a highly dispersed state on a high surface area refractory inorganic oxide such as activated alumina (see Patent Document 2).
- Platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), and rhodium (Rh) are known as platinum group metals as catalyst components for purifying exhaust gas, and are widely used for purifying exhaust gas discharged from internal combustion engines such as gasoline cars. It has been used as a catalyst. Specifically, it is often used in combination with a catalytically active species such as Pt or Pd that is excellent in oxidation activity and Rh that is excellent in NOx purification activity. In recent years, regulations on harmful substances contained in exhaust gas, particularly NOx, have become stricter. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively use Rh that is excellent in NOx purification activity. In addition, Rh has a low output and is expensive, and the market price has been rising in recent years. Therefore, it is preferable to reduce the amount of Rh used as a catalytically active species in terms of resource protection and cost.
- exhaust gas containing NOx (NO and NO 2 ) is mainly composed of titanium oxide, vanadium oxide, zeolite, etc. in the presence of an ammonia (NH 3 ) component generated by decomposition of urea.
- NH 3 ammonia
- SCR selective catalytic reduction
- Non-Patent Document 1 In order for this selective catalytic reduction ⁇ reaction formula (1) ⁇ to proceed efficiently, it is preferable that approximately half of NO and NO 2 are contained (see Non-Patent Document 1). However, most of the NOx component discharged from the lean combustion engine is nitric oxide (NO) (see Patent Document 3). For this reason, in order to efficiently purify NOx, it has been proposed to dispose NO oxidation means in the exhaust gas flow path in order to increase the concentration of the NO 2 component in the exhaust gas (see Patent Document 3). Specifically, Pt having a high oxidation ability of NO is used as an oxidation catalyst.
- H 2 generated by the steam reforming reaction ⁇ reaction formula (2) ⁇ or the water gas shift reaction ⁇ reaction formula (5) ⁇ is also used for Pt and Pd. Therefore, it is conceivable to promote the purification of NOx, and the use of an alkaline earth metal made from water-soluble barium acetate as a promoter component has been studied (see Patent Document 5).
- Alkaline earth metals typified by the Ba component temporarily store NOx contained in the exhaust gas as a promoter component, and reduce the stored NOx to N 2 by the reducing component contained in the exhaust gas for purification.
- the Ba component temporarily absorbs NOx generated in this way as Ba (NO 3 ) 2 .
- the NOx absorbed in the Ba component is released from the Ba component when the concentration of NOx in the exhaust gas is low and the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is high.
- one exhaust gas purifying catalyst may be arranged in the exhaust gas flow path, but two or more exhaust gas purifying catalysts may be arranged.
- This is a measure to make the best use of the characteristics of exhaust gas purification catalysts in accordance with the strengthening of exhaust gas regulations, and the durability (heat resistance, atmospheric resistance, poisoning resistance) of each precious metal of platinum, palladium, and rhodium ), To set the optimum position according to the catalyst characteristics (oxidation activity, reduction activity) and the like.
- the exhaust gas flow is optimally positioned according to the characteristics of each noble metal and rare earth. It is required to install a gas purification catalyst.
- exhaust gas regulations are becoming more and more stringent, and it is desired to use a plurality of catalysts and to exhibit a catalyst that exhibits better exhaust gas purification performance.
- the regulation value for NOx is particularly strict, and the need for an exhaust gas purification catalyst having excellent NOx purification performance is increasing.
- Patent Document 10 it has been proposed to use an alumina material containing barium sulfate and Pd as a TWC material (see Patent Document 10).
- Pd is excellent in low-temperature purification of HC, but a phenomenon (sintering) in which particles are joined by heat and the particle size is enlarged is likely to occur.
- the contact area with HC contained in the exhaust gas As a result, the low temperature purification performance of HC is reduced.
- Ba can suppress the sintering of Pd and maintain the activity of Pd, for example, by the electronic action of Ba.
- Rh is excellent in NOx purification performance as a TWC material
- Ba acts negatively on the NOx purification reaction by Rh and may reduce the activity of Rh. Therefore, in order to prevent Pd and Ba from coexisting on the alumina while avoiding Ba from eluting in the slurry and coming into contact with Rh, hardly soluble barium sulfate is used.
- barium sulfate has a feature that it is decomposed in a reducing atmosphere at 700 ° C. or higher in exhaust gas and randomly dispersed in the catalyst layer.
- a sparingly soluble barium sulfate on a porous inorganic oxide support such as alumina to limit the dispersion range of barium sulfate.
- Patent Document 10 there is little mention of a method for supporting barium sulfate on alumina, and it is doubtful whether a desired catalyst performance can be obtained.
- JP-A 61-54234 JP 05-237390 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 08-103636 Republished Patent No. 2000/027508 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-255103 JP 2007-329768 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 03-106446 JP 2002-326033 A JP 09-215922 A JP 2010-274162 A
- the object of the present invention is to provide an alumina material containing barium sulfate, a catalyst and an adsorbent using the alumina material, and particularly harmful substances contained in exhaust gas discharged from internal combustion engines such as gasoline cars and diesel cars. It is an object of the present invention to provide an exhaust gas purifying catalyst excellent in NOx purifying performance suitable as a catalyst for purifying NOx.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive research, and have developed hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) in exhaust gas exhausted from internal combustion engines such as gasoline cars and diesel cars,
- HC hydrocarbons
- CO carbon monoxide
- an alumina material containing a specific amount of barium sulfate (BaSO 4 ) is used as an exhaust gas purification catalyst that specifically purifies NOx, and the average particle diameter of barium sulfate dispersed in the alumina material
- the purification (or oxidation) of nitrogen oxides (NOx) is promoted, and the present invention is It came to be completed.
- the kind of alumina is any one of ⁇ -alumina, ⁇ -alumina, ⁇ -alumina, and boehmite.
- An alumina material is provided.
- an exhaust gas purifying catalyst using an alumina material containing barium sulfate in the first aspect there is provided an exhaust gas purifying catalyst characterized in that, in the third aspect, an alumina material containing barium sulfate is coated as a catalyst layer on a monolithic support.
- the catalyst layer further contains a noble metal, and the alumina material containing barium sulfate is present in the same layer as the noble metal.
- An exhaust gas purifying catalyst is provided.
- an exhaust gas purifying catalyst characterized in that, in the fifth aspect, the kind of noble metal is one or more selected from rhodium, palladium, or platinum. Is done.
- the rhodium is supported on a porous inorganic oxide different from the alumina material containing barium sulfate.
- a catalyst is provided.
- an exhaust gas purification catalyst according to the sixth aspect wherein palladium and / or platinum is supported on an alumina material containing barium sulfate.
- the alumina material of the present invention uses an alumina material containing a specific amount of barium sulfate (BaSO 4 ), the average particle diameter of barium sulfate dispersed in the alumina material, the average particle diameter of alumina is not more than a specific value, and Because the BET specific surface area of alumina material is in a specific range, it is excellent in removing nitrogen oxides and is highly purified against nitrogen oxides discharged from various combustion devices when used as an exhaust gas purification catalyst material. Demonstrate performance. Furthermore, the exhaust gas purifying catalyst of the present invention can be manufactured at low cost because the amount of expensive active metal used is small, and the exhaust gas purifying device can be stably produced and supplied.
- BaSO 4 barium sulfate
- the alumina material containing barium sulfate of the present invention and the exhaust gas purifying catalyst using the same will be described in detail.
- the embodiment of the gasoline engine will be mainly described, the present invention is not limited to automobile applications, and can be widely applied to a denitration technique for nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas such as an adsorbent.
- Alumina Material Containing Barium Sulfate In the alumina material containing barium sulfate of the present invention, the content of barium sulfate (BaSO 4 ) is 5 to 70% by mass and is present dispersed in the alumina material.
- Barium sulfate (BaSO 4 , hereinafter also referred to as Ba component) is extremely hardly soluble in water. Further, barium sulfate is a material having a melting point of 1600 ° C. and extremely high heat resistance, and is less likely to be aggregated by heating. In addition, barium sulfate is excluded from deleterious substances only among other barium salts specified as deleterious substances, and there is no problem in terms of safety. On the other hand, barium carbonate, among barium salts, is hardly soluble in water, but is easier to dissolve than barium sulfate, has a melting point of 811 ° C., and has only about half the heat resistance as barium sulfate.
- barium sulfate alone has a small BET specific surface area of 10 m 2 / g or less, in order to increase the adsorption amount of NOx, the amount of barium sulfate itself is increased, or a high surface area and high heat resistance base material is sulfated. The surface area is increased by supporting barium.
- the average particle size of barium sulfate dispersed in alumina is 4 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle size is preferably 2 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 500 nm or less. If the average particle diameter of barium sulfate exceeds 4 ⁇ m, it is not preferable because the surface area cannot be increased effectively even if barium sulfate is supported on a base material having a high surface area.
- alumina is a kind of porous inorganic oxide, and is used for supporting Rh, Pd, and Pt, which are noble metals, in addition to Ba.
- the type of alumina is ⁇ -alumina, ⁇ -alumina, ⁇ -alumina, or boehmite.
- alumina having a large BET specific surface area is preferable.
- ⁇ -alumina has a small BET specific surface area of 10 m 2 / g or less, and is not preferable as a material for supporting barium sulfate having a low BET specific surface area.
- the BET specific surface area of alumina must be 20 to 250 m 2 / g. 80 to 250 m 2 / g is preferable, and 100 to 200 m 2 / g is more preferable.
- alumina preferably has a pore diameter (mode diameter, hereinafter the same) of 3 to 150 nm, more preferably 5 to 150 nm, and even more preferably 5 to 100 nm.
- mode diameter hereinafter the same
- the pore diameter of alumina is smaller than 3 nm, the diffusion of gas in the pores is slowed and the pores may be blocked by a coating substance or the like.
- the pore diameter is larger than 150 nm, the BET specific surface area becomes relatively small, and the dispersibility of noble metals, promoters and the like deteriorates.
- the average particle diameter of alumina is 50 nm to 50 ⁇ m, preferably 50 nm to 45 ⁇ m, and more preferably 50 nm to 40 ⁇ m. If the average particle diameter of alumina exceeds 50 ⁇ m, gas diffusion to the center of the particles will be slow, not only the center of the alumina particles will not be used effectively, but also the amount capable of supporting barium sulfate will be reduced. . On the other hand, if it is less than 50 nm, the gap between the particles becomes too small, and the diffusion of gas between the gaps becomes slow, which is not preferable.
- an alkaline earth such as barium or magnesium, or a rare earth such as cerium, lanthanum, neodymium, or praseodymium may be added.
- the addition amount of rare earth or the like is preferably 30% by weight or less in order to avoid a significant reduction in the high BET specific surface area of alumina.
- a water-soluble salt such as barium acetate, barium chloride, barium nitrate, barium hydroxide is prepared. It is preferable to use barium acetate or barium chloride having excellent solubility in water. After impregnating alumina with an aqueous solution containing barium prepared by dissolving these barium salts in water, firing is performed. Thereafter, sulfuric acid or ammonium sulfate is added so that the SO 4 / Ba ratio is 1 to 2, and the mixture is fired again.
- alumina and barium sulfate and water are added to a pulverizer such as a bead mill, and pulverized and dispersed until the average particle size becomes 10 nm to 2.0 ⁇ m to prepare a dispersed slurry of barium sulfate and alumina.
- the mixed slurry is granulated to a mean particle size of 1 to 60 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 to 50 ⁇ m, using a spray dryer, fluidized bed granulator or the like, and fired.
- the average particle diameters of alumina and barium sulfate can be freely controlled by individually pulverizing and dispersing alumina and barium sulfate, respectively. At that time, if barium sulfate having a primary crystal diameter as small as 10 to 500 nm or boehmite which is a precursor of ⁇ -alumina is used, it is easier to disperse.
- a barium sulfate dispersion is prepared by mixing barium sulfate having a small primary crystal diameter of 10 to 500 nm with water, adding an ionic surfactant, and dispersing and dispersing with a mixer. This dispersion is impregnated and supported on alumina powder and fired.
- the alumina material containing barium sulfate obtained by the above process contains barium sulfate uniformly on the surface and inside of the alumina regardless of the amount of barium sulfate.
- alumina and barium sulfate are made into fine particles with a pulverizer such as a bead mill and then re-granulated with a spray dryer, a fluidized bed granulator and the like.
- a pulverizer such as a bead mill
- a spray dryer a fluidized bed granulator and the like.
- pore diameter, pore volume, etc. are often different from those of alumina and barium sulfate before preparation.
- the barium sulfate-carrying alumina prepared by the above loading method has physical properties such as BET specific surface area, pore diameter, pore volume and the like affected by the starting material containing barium before use, the amount used, and the properties of the alumina. That is, by making the mixing ratio of barium sulfate to alumina 5 to 70% by weight and using the loading method of processes 1 to 3, the dispersion of barium sulfate is good and the BET specific surface area in which gas easily diffuses. It becomes.
- the BET specific surface area is 20 to 250 m 2 / g, preferably 30 to 200 m 2 / g, and more preferably 40 to 200 m 2 / g.
- the pore diameter is 3 to 150 nm, preferably 5 to 150 nm, more preferably 5 to 100 nm, with good dispersion of barium sulfate and easy gas diffusion.
- the pore volume is similarly 0.4 to 2.5 cc / g, preferably 0.5 to 2.5 cc / g, and preferably 0 to 2.5 cc / g, in which the barium sulfate dispersion is good and the gas easily diffuses. More preferably, it is 5 to 2.0 cc / g.
- the amount of barium sulfate supported on alumina is 5% to 70% by weight.
- a more preferable loading amount is 10% by weight to 60% by weight, and particularly preferably 12% by weight to 50% by weight. If the supported amount of barium sulfate is less than 5% by weight, the denitration performance is not affected. However, if an attempt is made to add the same weight of barium sulfate to the base material, the content of alumina itself increases, so the catalyst weight is heavy. In addition, the cells of the honeycomb structure are narrowed. This is not preferable because the temperature rise characteristic of the catalyst is deteriorated and the pressure loss is also increased. On the other hand, when the amount of barium sulfate supported exceeds 70% by weight, the effect of supporting on alumina having a high BET specific surface area is reduced, and only the effect of barium sulfate alone is obtained.
- the exhaust gas purifying catalyst (hereinafter also referred to as catalyst composition) of the present invention is formed by coating an alumina material containing barium sulfate on a monolithic support as a catalyst layer. Moreover, it is preferable that the catalyst layer further contains a noble metal and the alumina material containing barium sulfate is in the same layer as the noble metal. However, the carrying position differs depending on the type of noble metal. For example, when the noble metal is rhodium (Rh), rhodium is supported on a porous inorganic oxide different from the alumina material containing barium sulfate. As a result, at least a part of Rh exists independently of Ba in the catalyst layer.
- Rh rhodium
- the noble metal is palladium (Pd) and / or platinum (Pt)
- palladium and / or platinum are supported on an alumina material containing barium sulfate.
- a part of Pd and / or Pt coexists with Ba in the catalyst layer.
- porous inorganic oxide is not particularly limited depending on the type, and examples thereof include zirconium oxide composite oxide, alumina, alumina composite oxide, and ceria.
- the porous inorganic oxide is preferably composed of one or more selected from alumina or a zirconium oxide-based composite oxide.
- the zirconium oxide composite oxide is preferably a composite oxide of zirconium and a rare earth element. This is because zirconium oxide having a single component of zirconium has low heat resistance.
- the rare earth is preferably one or more selected from Ce, La, Nd, Pr, or Y.
- the ratio of the rare earth element in the zirconium oxide-based composite oxide is preferably 5% by weight to 50% by weight, more preferably 10% by weight to 40% by weight, based on the oxide. When the ratio of the rare earth oxide is less than 5% by weight, the heat resistance of the zirconium oxide-based composite oxide is lowered, and when it exceeds 50% by weight, the steam reforming function of the zirconium oxide may be lowered.
- Zirconium oxide-based composite oxides are, for example, one or more inorganic or organic zirconium compounds fired at 450 to 600 ° C. in the atmosphere, and the resulting oxide particles are pulverized as raw material powders.
- the raw material powder can be mixed and manufactured.
- Rhodium In the present invention, rhodium, a noble metal element that is excellent in NOx purification activity, can be used as the active metal. Rhodium is supported on the porous inorganic oxide and is not supported on an alumina material containing barium sulfate. As the starting salt used in that case, rhodium nitrate, rhodium chloride, rhodium acetate, rhodium sulfate and the like are preferable. In particular, it is preferable to use rhodium nitrate or rhodium acetate in which no residue such as chlorine or sulfide remains after firing.
- the amount of rhodium supported on the porous inorganic oxide is preferably 0.05 g / L to 2.0 g / L, more preferably 0.1 to 1.5 g / L.
- the amount of rhodium is less than 0.05 g / L, the denitration performance is drastically lowered.
- the noble metal element palladium can be used as the active metal.
- Palladium is supported on the alumina material containing barium sulfate, and the starting salt used at that time is preferably palladium nitrate, palladium chloride, dinitrodiammine palladium or the like. In particular, it is preferable to use palladium nitrate or dinitrodiammine palladium which does not leave a residue such as chlorine or sulfide after firing.
- the supported amount of palladium is preferably 0.01 g / L to 10.0 g / L, more preferably 0.1 to 7.0 g / L.
- the denitration performance may be drastically lowered. If it is more than 10.0 g / L, there is no problem with the denitration performance, but it is not preferable in terms of price.
- the noble metal element platinum can be used as the active metal. Platinum is supported on the alumina material containing barium sulfate, and as the starting salt used in this case, platinum chloride (IV) acid, diammine platinum nitrite (II), platinum hydroxide amine solution, chloroplatinic acid, nitric acid Platinum or the like is preferable. In particular, it is preferable to use diammine platinum (II) nitrite, amine amine platinate, or platinum nitrate that does not leave residues such as chlorine and sulfide after firing.
- the supported amount of platinum is preferably 0.05 g / L to 5.0 g / L, more preferably 0.1 to 3.0 g / L. If the amount of platinum is less than 0.05 g / L, the denitration performance may be drastically reduced. If it is more than 5.0 g / L, there is no problem with the denitration performance, but it is not preferable in terms of price.
- the present invention by using an alumina material containing barium sulfate, at least a part of Rh can exist independently of Ba in the catalyst layer (displacement arrangement). Since barium sulfate decomposes in a reducing atmosphere at a high temperature of 700 ° C. or higher and is randomly dispersed as a Ba oxide in the surrounding constituent materials, conventionally, if the amount of barium sulfate is too large, the dispersed Ba is close to Rh. As a result, the NOx purification performance is reduced. However, in the present invention, fine barium sulfate is supported on alumina, and the dispersed portions during barium sulfate decomposition are limited.
- the barium sulfate-supported alumina of the present invention even if the amount of Ba component is large, for example, about 20 g / L, dissociation from the Rh component is achieved, and further improvement of NOx purification performance is expected. .
- a binder component may be added as necessary.
- various sols such as alumina sol, silica sol, zirconia sol, titania sol and the like can be used.
- Soluble salts such as aluminum nitrate, aluminum acetate, zirconium nitrate, and zirconium acetate can also be used.
- acids such as acetic acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid can also be used as a solvent (pH adjuster).
- the exhaust gas purifying catalyst of the present invention can be used as a structural type catalyst in which the above catalyst component is coated on the surface of various carriers, particularly the monolithic structure type carrier.
- the shape of the carrier is not particularly limited, and can be selected from a structural carrier such as a prismatic shape, a cylindrical shape, a spherical shape, a honeycomb shape, and a sheet shape.
- the size of the structure-type carrier is not particularly limited, and a structural carrier having a diameter (length) of several millimeters to several centimeters can be used as long as it is any of a prismatic shape, a cylindrical shape, and a spherical shape. Among these, the use of a honeycomb-shaped honeycomb structure carrier is preferable.
- the honeycomb structure carrier is made of a ceramic such as cordierite, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, or a metal such as stainless steel, and the structure has a large number of parallel fine gas flows extending throughout the structure carrier. Has a road. As a material, cordierite is preferable for reasons of durability and cost. Further, for such a honeycomb structure carrier, an appropriate number of holes can be determined in consideration of the type of exhaust gas to be processed, gas flow rate, pressure loss or removal efficiency, etc.
- the cell density is preferably 100 to 900 cells / inch 2 (15.5 to 139.5 cells / cm 2 ), more preferably 200 to 600 cells / inch 2 (31 to 93 cells / cm 2 ).
- the effective surface area of the catalyst decreases because the geometric surface area becomes small.
- the cell density is the number of cells per unit area in a cross section when the honeycomb structure carrier is cut at right angles to the gas flow path.
- the honeycomb structure carrier has a flow-through structure in which the gas flow path communicates with a part of the end face of the gas flow path, and gas can flow through the wall surface of the gas flow path.
- a wall flow structure is widely known.
- the flow-through structure has low air resistance and low exhaust gas pressure loss.
- it is a wall flow type structure, it is possible to filter out the particulate component contained in exhaust gas.
- the exhaust gas purifying catalyst of the present invention can be used for either structure.
- the exhaust gas purifying catalyst of the present invention is obtained by coating one or more honeycomb structure carriers with the catalyst composition.
- the layer structure may be one layer, but it is preferable to have two or more layers in order to improve the exhaust gas purification performance.
- Catalyst preparation method In order to prepare the exhaust gas purifying catalyst of the present invention, the catalyst composition and, if necessary, a binder or the like are mixed with an aqueous medium to form a slurry mixture, and then applied to a monolithic structure type carrier. Dry and fire. That is, first, the catalyst composition and the aqueous medium are mixed at a predetermined ratio to obtain a slurry mixture.
- the aqueous medium may be used in such an amount that the catalyst composition can be uniformly dispersed in the slurry.
- an acid or a base for adjusting the pH a surfactant for adjusting the viscosity or improving the slurry dispersibility, a dispersing resin or the like can be added.
- a mixing method of the slurry pulverization and mixing by a ball mill or the like can be applied, but other pulverization or mixing methods may be applied.
- the slurry-like mixture is applied to the monolithic structure type carrier.
- a coating method is not particularly limited, but a wash coat method is preferable.
- the exhaust gas purifying catalyst carrying the catalyst composition is obtained by drying and firing.
- the drying temperature is preferably 70 to 150 ° C, more preferably 80 to 120 ° C.
- the firing temperature is preferably 300 to 700 ° C, and preferably 400 to 600 ° C.
- a heating means it can carry out by well-known heating means, such as an electric furnace and a gas furnace.
- the catalyst device is configured by arranging the exhaust gas purification catalyst in an exhaust system from the engine.
- the position and number of catalysts in the exhaust system from the engine can be appropriately designed according to the degree of exhaust gas regulation.
- One vehicle can be used in a vehicle model that does not have strict exhaust gas regulations.
- two catalysts can be used, and a catalyst directly below can be arranged upstream of the exhaust system, and a catalyst of the present invention that can exert an excellent effect on denitration performance can be arranged below the rear floor. .
- the layer structure of the catalyst of the present invention can be determined according to the NOx emission concentration and the operating system, and it can be a single layer catalyst comprising an alumina material containing barium sulfate and a single noble metal or a plurality of noble metals, or sulfuric acid.
- a multi-layer catalyst composed of an alumina material containing barium and a single noble metal or a plurality of noble metals can be used.
- the manufactured catalyst sample measured the physical property in the following way.
- ⁇ Particle size distribution measurement> The particle size distribution of the powder sample was measured by a laser scattering method using a nano particle size distribution analyzer SALD-7100 manufactured by SHIMADZU, and the median diameter was defined as the average particle diameter. The results are summarized in Table 2.
- Rh-supported Al 2 O 3 A rhodium nitrate solution was weighed out in an amount of 0.2 g by Rh weight, diluted with pure water, and impregnated and supported on 39.8 g of ⁇ -alumina powder having a BET specific surface area of 150 m 2 / g and a pore diameter of 15 nm. This water-containing powder was fired in air at 500 ° C. for 1 hour to prepare 0.5 wt% Rh-supported alumina.
- Rh-supported ZrO 2 -based composite oxide A rhodium nitrate solution was weighed in an amount of 0.05 g by Rh weight and diluted with pure water to give a BET specific surface area of 70 m 2 / g and a pore diameter of 15 nm of 5.0 wt% cerium oxide—5.0 wt% lanthanum oxide—10. It was impregnated and supported on 50 g of 0 wt% neodymium oxide-80.0 wt% zirconium oxide composite oxide powder. This water-containing powder was fired in air at 500 ° C. for 1 hour to prepare a 0.1 wt% Rh-supported zirconia composite oxide.
- Rh catalyst layer 12.5 g of the material of Example 1 (40 wt% barium sulfate-supported alumina), 40 g of the 0.5 wt% Rh supported alumina, 50 g of the 0.1 wt% Rh supported zirconia composite oxide, and 22.5 g of ⁇ -alumina. Then, 120 mL of water was mixed and ground in a pot mill to prepare a slurry. This slurry is coated on a cordierite honeycomb carrier having a volume of 250 mL ⁇ 600 cells / inch 2 (93 cells / cm 2 ) ⁇ , dried at 80 ° C. for 20 minutes, and then fired at 450 ° C.
- Rh-based catalyst was heat-treated at 900 ° C. for 3 hours in a 10% H 2 / N 2 stream in a quartz tube furnace. Furthermore, heat treatment was performed at 900 ° C. for 3 hours in air in an electric furnace. The honeycomb catalyst after the heat treatment was cut out in 7 cells ⁇ 7 cells ⁇ 7 mm, placed in a sample holder, and a catalyst performance test was performed in a TPD reactor (temperature-programmed desorption gas analyzer). The NOx purification performance of the Rh-based catalyst was examined under the model gas conditions set in the evaluation conditions (1) in Table 1, and the results are summarized in Evaluation (1) in Table 4.
- Example 2 100 g of 40 wt% barium sulfate-carrying alumina of Example 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 22.6 g of ammonium sulfate was used instead of concentrated sulfuric acid.
- the physical properties are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
- an exhaust gas purifying catalyst including an Rh catalyst layer was prepared in the same manner as described above, and subsequently, a catalyst performance test was conducted and evaluated. The results are summarized in Evaluation (1) in Table 4.
- Example 3 Unlike the method for preparing the barium sulfate-carrying alumina of Example 1, 95 g of ⁇ -alumina powder and 200 mL of water were mixed and pulverized with a milling equipment to prepare an alumina dispersion slurry having an average particle size of 0.2 ⁇ m. Thereto was added 5 g of barium sulfate having a BET specific surface area of 5 m 2 / g and an average particle size of 1.0 ⁇ m, and dispersed and mixed with a high shear mixer for 1 hour. This mixed slurry was granulated to a mean particle size of 15.0 ⁇ m with a spray dryer, and further calcined at 500 ° C.
- Example 4 The same preparation method was carried out except that the weight of ⁇ -alumina powder was 90 g and the weight of barium sulfate was 10 g in Example 3, to obtain 100 g of 10 wt% barium sulfate-supported alumina of Example 4.
- the physical properties are shown in Table 2.
- an Rh catalyst layer or an exhaust gas purifying catalyst containing Pd-supported BaSO 4 / Al 2 O 3 was prepared in the same manner as described above, and subsequently a catalyst performance test was conducted and evaluated.
- the results of Rh-based catalysts are summarized in Evaluation (1) of Table 4, and the results of Pd-based catalysts are summarized in Evaluation (2) of Table 5.
- Example 5 The same preparation method was carried out except that the weight of ⁇ -alumina powder was 80 g and the weight of barium sulfate was 20 g in Example 3, to obtain 100 g of 20 wt% barium sulfate-supported alumina of Example 5.
- the physical properties are shown in Table 2.
- an Rh catalyst layer or an exhaust gas purifying catalyst containing Pd-supported BaSO 4 / Al 2 O 3 was prepared in the same manner as described above, and subsequently a catalyst performance test was conducted and evaluated.
- the results of Rh-based catalysts are summarized in Evaluation (1) of Table 4, and the results of Pd-based catalysts are summarized in Evaluation (2) of Table 5.
- Example 6 The same preparation method was carried out except that the weight of ⁇ -alumina powder was 60 g and the weight of barium sulfate was 40 g in Example 3, to obtain 100 g of 40 wt% barium sulfate-supported alumina of Example 6.
- the physical properties are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
- an Rh catalyst layer or an exhaust gas purifying catalyst containing Pd-supported BaSO 4 / Al 2 O 3 was prepared in the same manner as described above, and subsequently a catalyst performance test was conducted and evaluated.
- the results of Rh-based catalysts are summarized in Evaluation (1) of Table 4, and the results of Pd-based catalysts are summarized in Evaluation (2) of Table 5.
- Example 7 The same preparation method was performed except that the weight of ⁇ -alumina powder was 30 g and the weight of barium sulfate was 70 g in Example 3, to obtain 100 g of 70 wt% barium sulfate-supported alumina of Example 7.
- the physical properties are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
- an Rh catalyst layer or an exhaust gas purifying catalyst containing Pd-supported BaSO 4 / Al 2 O 3 was prepared in the same manner as described above, and subsequently a catalyst performance test was conducted and evaluated.
- the results of Rh-based catalysts are summarized in Evaluation (1) of Table 4, and the results of Pd-based catalysts are summarized in Evaluation (2) of Table 5.
- Example 8 In Example 3, the same preparation method was performed except that the average particle diameter of barium sulfate was changed to 0.2 ⁇ m, and 100 g of 40 wt% barium sulfate-supported alumina of Example 8 was obtained. The physical properties are shown in Tables 2 and 3. Thereafter, an exhaust gas purifying catalyst including an Rh catalyst layer was prepared in the same manner as described above, and subsequently, a catalyst performance test was conducted and evaluated. The results are summarized in Evaluation (1) in Table 4.
- Example 9 In Example 3, the same preparation method was performed except that the average particle diameter of ⁇ -alumina after milling was changed to 1.2 ⁇ m, and 100 g of 40 wt% barium sulfate-carrying alumina of Example 9 was obtained.
- the physical properties are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
- an exhaust gas purifying catalyst including an Rh catalyst layer was prepared in the same manner as described above, and subsequently, a catalyst performance test was conducted and evaluated. The results are summarized in Evaluation (1) in Table 4.
- Example 10 In Example 9, the same preparation method was carried out except that ⁇ -alumina having a BET specific surface area of 200 m 2 / g, a pore size of 10 nm, and an average particle size of 35 ⁇ m was used as the alumina material, and the 40 wt% sulfuric acid of Example 10 was used. 100 g of barium-supported alumina was obtained. The physical properties are shown in Table 2. Thereafter, an Rh catalyst layer or an exhaust gas purifying catalyst containing Pd-supported BaSO 4 / Al 2 O 3 was prepared in the same manner as described above, and subsequently a catalyst performance test was conducted and evaluated. The results of Rh-based catalysts are summarized in Evaluation (1) of Table 4, and the results of Pd-based catalysts are summarized in Evaluation (2) of Table 5.
- Example 11 The same preparation method was carried out except that the weight of ⁇ -alumina powder was 90 g and the weight of barium sulfate was 10 g in Example 10, to obtain 100 g of 10 wt% barium sulfate-supported alumina of Example 11.
- the physical properties are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
- an Rh catalyst layer or an exhaust gas purifying catalyst containing Pd-supported BaSO 4 / Al 2 O 3 was prepared in the same manner as described above, and subsequently a catalyst performance test was conducted and evaluated.
- the results of Rh-based catalysts are summarized in Evaluation (1) of Table 4, and the results of Pd-based catalysts are summarized in Evaluation (2) of Table 5.
- Example 12 In Example 10, the same preparation method was performed except that ⁇ -alumina having a BET specific surface area of 100 m 2 / g, a pore diameter of 25 nm, and an average particle diameter of 35 ⁇ m was used as the alumina material, and the 40 wt% sulfuric acid of Example 12 was used. 100 g of barium-supported alumina was obtained. The physical properties are shown in Tables 2 and 3. Thereafter, an exhaust gas purifying catalyst including an Rh catalyst layer was prepared in the same manner as described above, and subsequently, a catalyst performance test was conducted and evaluated. The results are summarized in Evaluation (1) in Table 4.
- Example 13 The same preparation method was performed except that the average particle diameter of barium sulfate was 2.0 ⁇ m in Example 9, and 100 g of 40 wt% barium sulfate-supported alumina of Example 13 was obtained.
- the physical properties are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
- an Rh catalyst layer or an exhaust gas purifying catalyst containing Pd-supported BaSO 4 / Al 2 O 3 was prepared in the same manner as described above, and subsequently a catalyst performance test was conducted and evaluated.
- the results of Rh-based catalysts are summarized in Evaluation (1) of Table 4, and the results of Pd-based catalysts are summarized in Evaluation (2) of Table 5.
- Example 14 In Example 9, the same preparation method was performed except that the average particle diameter of barium sulfate was 0.3 ⁇ m, and 100 g of 40 wt% barium sulfate-supported alumina of Example 14 was obtained. The physical properties are shown in Table 2. Thereafter, an Rh catalyst layer or an exhaust gas purifying catalyst containing Pd-supported BaSO 4 / Al 2 O 3 was prepared in the same manner as described above, and subsequently a catalyst performance test was conducted and evaluated. The results of Rh-based catalysts are summarized in Evaluation (1) of Table 4, and the results of Pd-based catalysts are summarized in Evaluation (2) of Table 5.
- Example 15 In Example 3, the same preparation except that boehmite having a BET specific surface area of 80 m 2 / g, a pore diameter of 20 nm, and an average dispersed particle diameter of 0.35 ⁇ m was used as the alumina material, and the firing temperature after granulation was set to 700 ° C. The method was carried out to obtain 100 g of 40 wt% barium sulfate-supported alumina of Example 15. The physical properties are shown in Table 2. Thereafter, a Ph-based catalyst including an Rh catalyst layer was prepared in the same manner as described above, and subsequently a catalyst performance test was performed and evaluated. The results are summarized in Evaluation (1) in Table 4.
- Example 16 In Example 15, the same preparation method was performed except that the average particle diameter of boehmite after milling was changed to 0.1 ⁇ m, and 100 g of 40 wt% barium sulfate-supported alumina of Example 16 was obtained.
- the physical properties are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
- an Rh catalyst layer or an exhaust gas purifying catalyst containing Pd-supported BaSO 4 / Al 2 O 3 was prepared in the same manner as described above, and subsequently a catalyst performance test was conducted and evaluated.
- the results of Rh-based catalysts are summarized in Evaluation (1) of Table 4, and the results of Pd-based catalysts are summarized in Evaluation (2) of Table 5.
- Example 17 Unlike the method for preparing the barium sulfate-supported alumina of Example 1, 40 g of barium sulfate having an average particle size of 0.5 ⁇ m was added to 200 mL of pure water and dispersed. A 10% aluminum sulfate aqueous solution (15 g in terms of alumina weight) and a 10% sodium aluminate aqueous solution (45 g in terms of alumina weight) were alternately dropped into the dispersion and hydrolyzed to precipitate boehmite (aluminum hydroxide). . The mixed precipitate was separated and washed with a centrifugal separator, dried at 80 ° C.
- Rh-based catalysts are summarized in Evaluation (1) of Table 4, and the results of Pd-based catalysts are summarized in Evaluation (2) of Table 5.
- Example 18 Unlike the method for preparing the barium sulfate-supported alumina of Example 1, 40 g of barium sulfate having an average particle size of 0.3 ⁇ m and 3 g of a polycarboxylic acid type anionic surfactant having a molecular weight of 20000 to 30000 were added to 100 mL of pure water, Both were mixed well with a homogenizer to prepare a barium sulfate dispersion. The dispersion was impregnated and supported on 60 g of ⁇ -alumina powder having a BET specific surface area of 150 m 2 / g, a pore diameter of 15 nm, and an average particle diameter of 35 ⁇ m, and firing at 500 ° C.
- Rh-based catalysts are summarized in Evaluation (1) of Table 4, and the results of Pd-based catalysts are summarized in Evaluation (2) of Table 5.
- Example 1 barium sulfate-carrying alumina was produced, but instead of barium sulfate, alumina carrying barium carbonate was produced as follows.
- a barium acetate aqueous solution was prepared by dissolving 43.8 g of barium acetate crystals in 100 mL of water, and impregnated and supported on 60 g of ⁇ -alumina powder having a BET specific surface area of 150 m 2 / g, a pore diameter of 15 nm, and an average particle diameter of 35 ⁇ m. This hydrous powder was calcined in air at 500 ° C.
- Example 2 The same preparation method as in Example 3 was performed except that ⁇ -alumina powder having a BET specific surface area of 1 m 2 / g and an average particle size of 5.0 ⁇ m was used as the ⁇ -alumina material. 100 g of supported alumina was obtained. The physical properties are shown in Table 2. In Table 2, the reason why no (pore diameter) was used is that the pore distribution measuring apparatus could not confirm the primary pores in the particles of the powder. Thereafter, an Rh catalyst layer or an exhaust gas purifying catalyst containing Pd-supported BaSO 4 / Al 2 O 3 was prepared in the same manner as described above, and subsequently a catalyst performance test was conducted and evaluated. The results of Rh-based catalysts are summarized in Evaluation (1) of Table 4, and the results of Pd-based catalysts are summarized in Evaluation (2) of Table 5.
- Example 3 The same preparation method as in Example 3 was performed except that the weight of ⁇ -alumina powder was 10 g and the weight of barium sulfate was 90 g, to obtain 100 g of 90 wt% barium sulfate-supported alumina of Comparative Example 3.
- the physical properties are shown in Table 2.
- Table 2 the reason why no (pore diameter) was used is that the pore distribution measuring apparatus could not confirm the primary pores in the particles of the powder.
- an Rh catalyst layer or an exhaust gas purifying catalyst containing Pd-supported BaSO 4 / Al 2 O 3 was prepared in the same manner as described above, and subsequently a catalyst performance test was conducted and evaluated.
- the results of Rh-based catalysts are summarized in Evaluation (1) of Table 4, and the results of Pd-based catalysts are summarized in Evaluation (2) of Table 5.
- Example 4 The same preparation method as in Example 3 was performed except that the weight of ⁇ -alumina powder was 99 g and the weight of barium sulfate was 1 g, to obtain 100 g of 1 wt% barium sulfate-supported alumina of Comparative Example 4.
- the physical properties are shown in Table 2.
- an Rh catalyst layer or an exhaust gas purifying catalyst containing Pd-supported BaSO 4 / Al 2 O 3 was prepared in the same manner as described above, and subsequently a catalyst performance test was conducted and evaluated.
- the results of Rh-based catalysts are summarized in Evaluation (1) of Table 4, and the results of Pd-based catalysts are summarized in Evaluation (2) of Table 5.
- Example 5 (Comparative Example 5)
- BaSO 4 / Al 2 O 3 was ⁇ -alumina alone, and the physical properties of the ⁇ -alumina powder are shown in Table 2.
- an exhaust gas purification catalyst containing an Rh catalyst layer or Pd-supported Al 2 O 3 was prepared in the same manner as described above, and subsequently a catalyst performance test was conducted and evaluated.
- the results of Rh-based catalysts are summarized in Evaluation (1) of Table 4, and the results of Pd-based catalysts are summarized in Evaluation (2) of Table 5.
- the average particle diameter of barium sulfate is lowered to 0.2 ⁇ m (Example 8) and increased to 2.0 ⁇ m (Example 13), and the average particle diameter of ⁇ -alumina is 1.2 ⁇ m (Example 9).
- the elution rate of Ba was 7% or less, and the denitration performance after catalysis was good regardless of Rh type or Pd type. Further, even if the alumina material is replaced with ⁇ -alumina (Example 11), ⁇ -alumina (Example 12), and boehmite (Examples 16 and 17) having a high BET specific surface area, the dissolution rate of Ba is At 5% or less, the denitration performance after catalysis was good regardless of Rh type or Pd type.
- barium sulfate-supported alumina having a higher pore volume (Example 17) was used, the denitration performance after catalysis was good regardless of whether it was Rh-based or Pd-based.
- These high denitration performances are obtained when the barium sulfate-supported alumina particles of the present invention have an average particle size of 5 to 70% by weight and an average particle size of 4 ⁇ m or less on alumina having an average particle size of 50 ⁇ m or less and a BET specific surface area of 20 to 250 m 2 / g This is probably due to the high dispersion of barium sulfate.
- the exhaust gas purifying catalyst of the present invention includes carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and nitrogen oxide (NOx) in exhaust gas exhausted from internal combustion engines such as gasoline engines and diesel engines. Excellent NOx purification performance.
- the present invention is not limited to automotive applications, and can be widely applied to a denitration technique for nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
一方、ガソリン車等の内燃機関から排出される排気ガスを浄化する触媒装置には、その目的に応じて様々な触媒が使用されてきた。この主要な触媒成分には白金族金属があり、通常、活性アルミナ等の高表面積の耐火性無機酸化物上に高分散に担持して使用されている(特許文献2参照)。
NO + NO2 + 2NH3 → 2N2 + 3H2O …(1)
そして、ジルコニウム酸化物は、Rh成分と共に用いるとスチームリフォーミング反応やCO+NO反応を促進することが公知の技術となっている(特許文献4参照)。
HC + H2O → COx + H2 … (2)
H2 + NOx → N2 + H2O … (3)
CO + NO → CO2 + 1/2N2 … (4)
CO + H2O → CO2 + H2 … (5)
一般に、エンジンに供給される燃料が少ないとき、空気の量が多いとき、燃焼温度が高いときにNOxが多量に発生する。Ba成分は、このように発生するNOxをBa(NO3)2として一時的に吸収する。
Ba成分に吸収されたNOxは、排気ガス中のNOxの濃度が低く炭酸ガス(CO2)濃度が高くなったときにBa成分から放出される。これは前記Ba(NO3)2が水蒸気共存下で炭酸ガスと反応し、BaCO3になるものであり、化学平衡であるといえる。Ba成分から放出されたNOxは、前述したようにRh成分表面で還元成分と反応して還元浄化される。
このように、触媒成分の組み合わせは様々であり、触媒成分相互の相関作用による複雑な反応経路を経ることから、これらを総合的に検討して、最も浄化作用が発揮される触媒成分の組み合わせが模索されている。
また、高価な貴金属や希土類の使用量を削減することは、限りある資源の効率的な活用に繋がっているため、それぞれの貴金属や希土類の特性に応じて排気ガス流路の最適の位置に排気ガス浄化触媒を設置することが求められている。
PdはHCの低温浄化に優れるが、熱により粒子同士が接合して粒径が肥大化するという現象(シンタリング)が生じやすく、Pdがシンタリングすると排気ガス中に含まれるHCとの接触面積が減少するため、HCの低温浄化性能が低減してしまう。BaはPdと共存することで、Baの電子的作用により、例えば、Pdのシンタリングを抑制し、Pdの活性を維持することができる。一方、RhはTWCの材料としてNOxの浄化性能に優れるが、Baは、RhによるNOxの浄化反応に対してはネガティブに働き、Rhの活性を低下させる可能性がある。そこで、アルミナ上にPdとBaを共存させる一方、スラリー中でBaが溶出してRhと接触することを避けるため、難溶性の硫酸バリウムを使用している。
また、本発明の第3の発明によれば、第1の発明において、硫酸バリウムを含むアルミナ材料を用いた排気ガス浄化用触媒が提供される。
また、本発明の第4の発明によれば、第3の発明において、硫酸バリウムを含むアルミナ材料が、触媒層として一体構造型担体に被覆されていることを特徴とする排気ガス浄化用触媒が提供される。
また、本発明の第5の発明によれば、第3又は4の発明において、触媒層がさらに貴金属を含有し、硫酸バリウムを含むアルミナ材料が前記貴金属と同一層に存在することを特徴とする排気ガス浄化用触媒が提供される。
また、本発明の第6の発明によれば、第5の発明において、貴金属の種類が、ロジウム、パラジウム、又は白金から選ばれる1種以上であることを特徴とする排気ガス浄化用触媒が提供される。
また、本発明の第7の発明によれば、第6の発明において、ロジウムが、硫酸バリウムを含むアルミナ材料とは異なる多孔質無機酸化物に担持されていることを特徴とする排気ガス浄化用触媒が提供される。
さらに、本発明の第8の発明によれば、第6の発明において、パラジウム及び/又は白金が、硫酸バリウムを含むアルミナ材料に担持されていることを特徴とする排気ガス浄化用触媒が提供される。
さらに、本発明の排気ガス浄化用触媒は、高価な活性金属の使用量が少なくて済むため低コストで製造する事ができ、排気ガス浄化装置を安定的に生産し供給することができる。
本発明の硫酸バリウムを含むアルミナ材料において、硫酸バリウム(BaSO4)は含有量5~70質量%であり、アルミナ材料中に分散して存在する。
硫酸バリウム(BaSO4、以下、Ba成分ともいう)は、水に極めて難溶である。また、硫酸バリウムは融点が1600℃と極めて耐熱性に富んだ材料で、加熱により凝集することの少ない材料である。また、硫酸バリウムは、他のバリウム塩が劇物に指定されているなかで唯一、劇物から除外されており安全面の上でも問題がない。
これに対して、バリウム塩の中でも炭酸バリウムは、水に難溶性であるが、硫酸バリウムに比べ溶解しやすく、融点が811℃であり、硫酸バリウムに比べ半分程度の耐熱性しか有しないため、加熱による凝集の恐れがあることから、排気ガス浄化用触媒としての使用は好ましくない。
硫酸バリウムは、水に極めて難溶であることから、後述するようにRhが担持された母材と共にスラリー化した際に、Ba成分として水へほとんど溶け出さない為、Rhへの被毒作用を著しく抑制することができ、Rh成分表面での炭化水素、一酸化炭素などの還元剤によるNOxの還元作用を抑制しない。
硫酸バリウムは、単独ではBET比表面積が10m2/g以下と小さいため、NOxの吸着量を増やすためには、硫酸バリウム自体を増量するか、高表面積でかつ高耐熱性を有する母材に硫酸バリウムを担持することにより表面積を増大させる。
本発明において、アルミナは、多孔質無機酸化物の一種であり、Baの他、貴金属であるRh、Pd、Ptを担持するために使用される。アルミナの種類は、γ-アルミナ、δ-アルミナ、θ-アルミナ、又はベーマイトのいずれかである。
このようなことから、アルミナのBET比表面積は、20~250m2/gでなければならない。80~250m2/gが好ましく、さらには100~200m2/gがより好ましい。
本発明において、アルミナは細孔径(モード径、以下同じ)が3~150nmであることが好ましく、5~150nmであることがより好ましく、5~100nmであることがさらに好ましい。アルミナの細孔径が3nmより小さいと細孔内でのガスの拡散が遅くなる上、被覆物質などにより細孔が閉塞される恐れがある。一方、細孔径が150nmより大きいと相対的にBET比表面積が小さくなり、貴金属や助触媒などの分散性が悪化するので好ましくない。
アルミナの耐久性を向上させるため、さらにバリウム、マグネシウムなどのアルカリ土類、セリウム、ランタン、ネオジム、プラセオジムなどの希土類などを付与してもよい。ただし、希土類などの添加量は、アルミナの高BET比表面積の大幅な低減を避けるためにも30重量%以下が好ましい。
硫酸バリウムをアルミナに担持するには、例えば、以下のような方法が挙げられる。
硫酸バリウムの出発塩として、酢酸バリウム、塩化バリウム、硝酸バリウム、水酸化バリウム等の水に可溶な塩を用意する。水への溶解性に優れた酢酸バリウムや塩化バリウムの使用が好ましい。これらのバリウム塩を水に溶解させて調製したバリウムを含む水溶液をアルミナに含浸させた後、焼成する。その後、硫酸もしくは硫酸アンモニウムをSO4/Ba比が1~2になるように加えて、再度焼成する。
ビーズミル等の粉砕機にアルミナ、硫酸バリウムを単独または両方と水を加えて、平均粒子径が10nm~2.0μmになるまで粉砕・分散処理を行い、硫酸バリウムとアルミナの分散スラリーを調製する。この混合スラリーをスプレードライヤー、流動層造粒乾燥機等で平均粒子径1~60μmまで、より好ましくは5~50μmまで造粒させ、焼成する。
なお、アルミナや硫酸バリウムを各々単独で粉砕・分散処理をすることにより、アルミナと硫酸バリウムの平均粒子径を各々自由に制御することが可能となる。
その際、一次結晶径が10~500nmと小さい硫酸バリウムや、γ-アルミナの前躯体であるベーマイトを使用すればより分散しやすい。
一次結晶径が10~500nmと小さい硫酸バリウムを水と混合し、イオン性の界面活性剤を添加し、ミキサーで分散・邂逅させ、硫酸バリウム分散液を調製する。この分散液をアルミナ粉末に含浸担持し、焼成する。
上記のプロセスで得られた硫酸バリウムを含むアルミナ材料は、硫酸バリウムの多少によらず硫酸バリウムがアルミナの表面、内部に均一に含有される。但し、プロセス2を用いた場合では、アルミナ、硫酸バリウムをビーズミル等の粉砕機により微粒子にした後、スプレードライヤー、流動層造粒乾燥機等で再造粒するため、再造粒された粒子の物性の内、特に、細孔径、細孔容積などは調製前のアルミナ、硫酸バリウムとは異なることが多い。
すなわち、アルミナへの硫酸バリウムの混合割合を5~70重量%にすること、プロセス1~3の担持方法を用いることにより、硫酸バリウムの分散が良好で、かつ、ガスが拡散し易いBET比表面積となる。本発明において、BET比表面積は20~250m2/gであり、好ましくは30~200m2/gで、40~200m2/gがより好ましい。
また、同様にして細孔径についても、硫酸バリウムの分散が良好で、かつ、ガスが拡散し易い3~150nmとなり、好ましくは5nm~150nmで、5nm~100nmがより好ましい。さらに、細孔容積についても、同様に硫酸バリウムの分散が良好で、かつ、ガスが拡散し易い0.4~2.5cc/gとなり、好ましくは0.5~2.5cc/gで、0.5~2.0cc/gがより好ましい。
本発明の排気ガス浄化用触媒(以下、触媒組成物ともいう)は、硫酸バリウムを含むアルミナ材料が触媒層として一体構造型担体に被覆されている。また、触媒層がさらに貴金属を含有し、硫酸バリウムを含むアルミナ材料が貴金属と同一層にあることが好ましい。ただし、貴金属の種類により担持位置が異なる。
例えば、貴金属がロジウム(Rh)の場合、ロジウムは硫酸バリウムを含むアルミナ材料とは別の多孔質無機酸化物に担持させる。これにより、触媒層内でRhの少なくとも一部がBaとは独立して存在することになる。
これに対し、貴金属がパラジウム(Pd)及び、又は白金(Pt)の場合、パラジウム及び、又は白金は硫酸バリウムを含むアルミナ材料に担持させる。これにより、触媒層内でPd及び/又はPtの一部はBaと共存することになる。
本発明において、多孔質無機酸化物は、種類によって特に制限されず、酸化ジルコニウム系複合酸化物、アルミナ、アルミナ系複合酸化物、またはセリアなどが挙げられる。特に、多孔質無機酸化物は、アルミナ、または酸化ジルコニウム系複合酸化物から選ばれた1種以上からなることが好ましい。
希土類酸化物の割合が5重量%未満であると、酸化ジルコニウム系複合酸化物の耐熱性が低下し、50重量%を超えると、酸化ジルコニウムが有するスチームリフォーミング機能が低下することがある。
酸化ジルコニウム系複合酸化物は、例えば無機または有機ジルコニウム化合物の1種以上を大気中、450~600℃で焼成し、得られた酸化物粒子を粉砕したものを原料粉末とし、これに希土類酸化物の原料粉末を混合して製造できる。
本発明においては、活性金属として、NOxの浄化活性に優れる貴金属元素のロジウムを使用することができる。
ロジウムは、上記多孔質無機酸化物に担持し、硫酸バリウムを含むアルミナ材料には担持しない。その際に使用する出発塩としては、硝酸ロジウム、塩化ロジウム、酢酸ロジウム、硫酸ロジウム等が好ましい。特に、焼成後に塩素、硫化物等の残渣が残らない硝酸ロジウム、または酢酸ロジウムの使用が好ましい。
多孔質無機酸化物へのロジウムの担持量は、0.05g/L~2.0g/Lが好ましく、0.1~1.5g/Lがより好ましい。ロジウムの量が0.05g/Lより少ないと脱硝性能が急激に低下し、2.0g/Lより多いと脱硝性能には問題はないが、価格の面で好ましくない。
本発明においては、活性金属として、貴金属元素のパラジウムを使用することができる。
パラジウムは、前記硫酸バリウムを含むアルミナ材料に担持され、その際に使用する出発塩としては硝酸パラジウム、塩化パラジウム、ジニトロジアンミンパラジウム等が好ましい。特に、焼成後に塩素、硫化物等の残渣が残らない硝酸パラジウム、またはジニトロジアンミンパラジウムの使用が好ましい。
パラジウムの担持量は、0.01g/L~10.0g/Lが好ましく、0.1~7.0g/Lがより好ましい。パラジウムの量が0.01g/Lより少ないと脱硝性能が急激に低下することがあり、10.0g/Lより多いと脱硝性能には問題はないが、価格の面で好ましくない。
本発明においては、活性金属として、貴金属元素の白金を使用することができる。
白金は、前記硫酸バリウムを含むアルミナ材料に担持され、その際に使用する出発塩としては塩化白金(IV)酸、亜硝酸ジアンミン白金(II)、水酸化白金酸アミン溶液、塩化白金酸、硝酸白金等が好ましい。特に、焼成後に塩素、硫化物等の残渣が残らない亜硝酸ジアンミン白金(II)、水酸化白金酸アミン溶液、または硝酸白金等の使用が好ましい。
白金の担持量は、0.05g/L~5.0g/Lが好ましく、0.1~3.0g/Lがより好ましい。白金の量が0.05g/Lより少ないと脱硝性能が急激に低下することがあり、5.0g/Lより多いと脱硝性能には問題はないが、価格の面で好ましくない。
本発明においては、必要に応じ、バインダー成分を添加してもよい。
バインダー成分としては、アルミナゾル、シリカゾル、ジルコニアゾル、チタニアゾル等のような種々のゾルを使用できる。また、硝酸アルミニウム、酢酸アルミニウム、硝酸ジルコニウム、酢酸ジルコニウム等の可溶性の塩も使用できる。その他、溶媒(pH調整剤)として、酢酸、硝酸、塩酸、硫酸等の酸も使用できる。
本発明の排気ガス浄化用触媒は、上記触媒成分が各種担体、特に一体構造型担体の表面に被覆された構造型触媒として用いることができる。ここで担体の形状は、特に限定されるものではなく、角柱状、円筒状、球状、ハニカム状、シート状などの構造型担体から選択可能である。構造型担体のサイズは、特に制限されないが、角柱状、円筒状、球状のいずれかであれば、例えば数ミリから数センチの直径(長さ)のものが使用できる。中でも、ハニカム状のハニカム構造担体の使用が好ましい。
ハニカム構造担体とは、コージェライト、シリコンカーバイド、窒化珪素等のセラミックや、ステンレス等の金属からなるもので、その構造は構造担体中の全体に渡って伸びている平行な多数の微細な気体流路を有している。材質としてはコージェライトが耐久性、コストの理由で好ましい。
また、このようなハニカム構造担体としては、さらに開口部の孔数についても処理すべき排気ガスの種類、ガス流量、圧力損失あるいは除去効率などを考慮して適正な孔数が決められるが、そのセル密度は100~900セル/inch2(15.5~139.5セル/cm2)であることが好ましく、200~600セル/inch2(31~93セル/cm2)がより好ましい。セル密度が900セル/inch2(139.5セル/cm2)を超えると、付着した粒子状成分(PM)で目詰まりが発生しやすく、100セル/inch2(15.5セル/cm2)未満では幾何学的表面積が小さくなるため、触媒の有効使用率が低下してしまう。なお、セル密度とは、ハニカム構造担体を気体流路に対して直角に切断した際の断面における単位面積あたりのセル数のことである。
また、ハニカム構造担体には、気体流路が連通しているフロースルー型構造体と、気体流路の一部端面が目封じされ、かつ気体流路の壁面を通して気体が流通可能になっているウォールフロー型構造体とが広く知られている。フロースルー型構造体であれば空気抵抗が少なく、排気ガスの圧力損失が少ない。また、ウォールフロー型構造体であれば、排気ガス中に含まれる粒子状成分を濾し取ることが可能である。本発明の排気ガス浄化用触媒は、そのどちらの構造体にも用いる事ができる。
本発明の排気ガス浄化用触媒は、前記触媒組成物をハニカム構造担体に一層以上被覆したものである。層構成は、一層でもよいが、排気ガス浄化性能を高めるために、二層以上とすることが好ましい。
本発明の排気ガス浄化用触媒を調製するには、前記触媒組成物と、必要に応じてバインダーなどを水系媒体と混合してスラリー状混合物にしてから、一体構造型担体へ塗工して、乾燥、焼成する。
すなわち、まず、触媒組成物と水系媒体を所定の比率で混合してスラリー状混合物を得る。本発明においては、水系媒体は、スラリー中で触媒組成物が均一に分散できる量を用いれば良い。
この際、必要に応じてpH調整のための酸、塩基を配合したり、粘性の調整やスラリー分散性向上のための界面活性剤、分散用樹脂等を配合する事ができる。スラリーの混合方法としては、ボールミルなどによる粉砕混合が適用可能であるが、他の粉砕、もしくは混合方法を適用しても良い。
塗工した後、乾燥、焼成する事により、触媒組成物が担持された排気ガス浄化用触媒が得られる。なお、乾燥温度は、70~150℃が好ましく、80~120℃がより好ましい。また、焼成温度は、300~700℃が好ましく、400~600℃が好ましい。加熱手段については、電気炉やガス炉等の公知の加熱手段によって行う事ができる。
本発明においては、上記排気ガス浄化用触媒をエンジンからの排気系に配置して触媒装置を構成する。
エンジンからの排気系における触媒の位置および個数は、排気ガス規制の程度に応じて適宜設計できる。排気ガス規制が厳しくない車種では、1個使いが可能である。しかし、排ガス規制の厳しい車種では2個使いとし、排気系の上流に直下触媒を配置し、その後方床下位置に、脱硝性能に優れた効果を発揮しうる本発明の触媒を配置することができる。
その際、本発明の触媒の層構成は、NOxの排出濃度、稼動システムに応じて決定でき、硫酸バリウムを含むアルミナ材料と単一の貴金属又は複数の貴金属ならなる単層触媒とするか、硫酸バリウムを含むアルミナ材料と単一の貴金属又は複数の貴金属ならなる複層触媒とするなど使い分けることができる。
実施例および比較例の粉末サンプルに関して、PANalytical社製X線回折測定装置X‘Pert PRO MPDを用いて回折パターンを測定し、ICSDカードデータと照合することで、成分の同定を行い、その結果を表2にまとめた。
SHIMADZU社製ナノ粒子径分布測定装置SALD-7100を用いて、レーザー散乱法により粉末サンプルの粒度分布を測定し、メディアン径を平均粒子径とし、その結果を表2にまとめた。
各種粉末サンプル0.3gを乾燥後、Thermo社製PASCAL140-440を用いて、Hg圧入法により、触媒サンプルの細孔分布および細孔量を測定した。なお、細孔径としてモード径を採用し、その結果を表2にまとめた。
実施例および比較例の材料20gを水150gに分散しスラリーを調製し、そこに1.0N硝酸水溶液を3.0g添加し、pHを4.0程度に調整した。その酸性スラリー50gを半透膜フィルムに入れて口を閉じ、pH4.0に調整した硝酸水溶液200gの中にフィルムごと入れて、一晩静置させた。その後、半透膜フィルム外側の溶液を50g程度サンプリングして、ICP分析により溶液中のBa濃度を求めて、Ba溶出率を算出し、その結果を表3にまとめた。
酢酸バリウム43.8gを純水100mLに溶解して酢酸バリウム水溶液を調製し、BET比表面積150m2/g、細孔径15nm、および平均粒子径35μmのγ-アルミナ60gに含浸担持した。この含水物を空気中700℃、1時間の焼成を行なった。さらに、このバリウム含有粉末に市販の36N濃硫酸9.2mLを純水100mLに希釈して添加し(S/Ba比=1.0)、500℃、1時間の焼成を行なうことで、実施例1の40重量%硫酸バリウム担持アルミナ100gを得た。物性を表2、表3に示した。
その後、下記のようにしてRh触媒層、またはPd担持BaSO4/Al2O3を含む排気ガス浄化用触媒を調製し、引き続き、触媒性能試験を行い評価した。
硝酸ロジウム溶液をRh重量で0.2g量り取り、純水で希釈して、BET比表面積150m2/g、細孔径15nmのγ-アルミナ粉末39.8gに含浸担持した。この含水粉末を500℃、1時間空気中で焼成することで、0.5重量%Rh担持アルミナを調製した。
[Rh担持ZrO2系複合酸化物]
硝酸ロジウム溶液をRh重量で0.05g量り取り、純水で希釈して、BET比表面積70m2/g、細孔径15nmの5.0重量%酸化セリウム-5.0重量%酸化ランタン-10.0重量%酸化ネオジム-80.0重量%酸化ジルコニウム複合酸化物粉末50gに含浸担持した。この含水粉末を500℃、1時間空気中で焼成することで、0.1重量%Rh担持ジルコニア系複合酸化物を調製した。
[Rh触媒層の調製]
実施例1の材料(40重量%硫酸バリウム担持アルミナ)12.5g、上記0.5重量%Rh担持アルミナ40g、上記0.1重量%Rh担持ジルコニア系複合酸化物50g、γ-アルミナ22.5g、水120mLをポットミルで混合粉砕してスラリーを調製した。容積250mL{600セル/inch2(93セル/cm2)}のコージェライト製ハニカム担体にこのスラリーをコーティングし、80℃、20分乾燥後、450℃、1時間の焼成を行うことで、Rh系触媒{触媒重量:125g/L、Rh:0.25g/L、硫酸バリウム:5.0g/L}を得た。
[Pd担持BaSO4/Al2O3]
硝酸パラジウム溶液をPd重量で1.0g量り取り、純水で希釈して上記硫酸バリウム担持アルミナ99gに含浸担持した。この含水粉末を500℃、1時間空気中で焼成することで、1.0重量%Pd担持BaSO4/Al2O3を調製した。
[評価(1)]
得られたRh系触媒を、石英製の管状炉にて10%H2/N2気流中で900℃、3時間の熱処理を行なった。さらに、電気炉にて空気中で900℃、3時間の熱処理を行なった。その熱処理後のハニカム触媒を7セル×7セル×7mmで切り出し、サンプルホルダーに入れ、TPDリアクター(昇温脱離ガス分析装置)にて触媒性能試験を行なった。表1の評価条件(1)に設定したモデルガス条件下でRh系触媒のNOx浄化性能を調べ、その結果を表4の評価(1)にまとめた。
[評価(2)]
1.0重量%Pd担持BaSO4/Al2O3を10g、電気炉にて空気中で1000℃、12時間の熱処理を行なった。その熱処理後、30mgを分取し、サンプルホルダーに入れ、市販のTPDリアクター(昇温脱離ガス分析装置)にて触媒性能試験を行なった。表1の評価条件(2)に設定したモデルガス条件下でPd系触媒のNOx浄化性能を調べ、その結果を表5の評価(2)にまとめた。
実施例1の硫酸バリウム担持アルミナの調製方法において、濃硫酸の代わりに硫酸アンモニウム22.6gを用いた以外は同様にして、実施例2の40重量%硫酸バリウム担持アルミナ100gを得た。物性を表2、表3に示した。
その後、前記と同様にしてRh触媒層を含む排気ガス浄化用触媒を調製し、引き続き、触媒性能試験を行い評価した。その結果を表4の評価(1)にまとめた。
実施例1の硫酸バリウム担持アルミナの調製方法とは異なり、γ-アルミナ粉末95gと水200mLを混合して、ミリング設備で粉砕処理を行い、平均粒子径0.2μmのアルミナ分散スラリーを調製した。そこにBET比表面積5m2/g、平均粒子径1.0μmの硫酸バリウム5gを添加し、1時間ハイシェアミキサーで分散混合した。この混合スラリーをスプレードライヤーで平均粒子径15.0μmまで造粒させて、さらに500℃、1時間の焼成を行なうことで、実施例3の5重量%硫酸バリウム担持アルミナ100gを得た.物性を表2に示した。
その後、前記と同様にしてRh触媒層、またはPd担持BaSO4/Al2O3を含む排気ガス浄化用触媒を調製し、引き続き、触媒性能試験を行い評価した。Rh系触媒の結果を表4の評価(1)、Pd系触媒の結果を表5の評価(2)にまとめた。
実施例3において、γ-アルミナ粉末の重量を90g、硫酸バリウムの重量を10gとした以外は同様の調製方法を行い、実施例4の10重量%硫酸バリウム担持アルミナ100gを得た。物性を表2に示した。
その後、前記と同様にしてRh触媒層、またはPd担持BaSO4/Al2O3を含む排気ガス浄化用触媒を調製し、引き続き、触媒性能試験を行い評価した。Rh系触媒の結果を表4の評価(1)、Pd系触媒の結果を表5の評価(2)にまとめた。
実施例3において、γ-アルミナ粉末の重量を80g、硫酸バリウムの重量を20gとした以外は同様の調製方法を行い、実施例5の20重量%硫酸バリウム担持アルミナ100gを得た。物性を表2に示した。
その後、前記と同様にしてRh触媒層、またはPd担持BaSO4/Al2O3を含む排気ガス浄化用触媒を調製し、引き続き、触媒性能試験を行い評価した。Rh系触媒の結果を表4の評価(1)、Pd系触媒の結果を表5の評価(2)にまとめた。
実施例3において、γ-アルミナ粉末の重量を60g、硫酸バリウムの重量を40gとした以外は同様の調製方法を行い、実施例6の40重量%硫酸バリウム担持アルミナ100gを得た。物性を表2、表3に示した。
その後、前記と同様にしてRh触媒層、またはPd担持BaSO4/Al2O3を含む排気ガス浄化用触媒を調製し、引き続き、触媒性能試験を行い評価した。Rh系触媒の結果を表4の評価(1)、Pd系触媒の結果を表5の評価(2)にまとめた。
実施例3において、γ-アルミナ粉末の重量を30g、硫酸バリウムの重量を70gとした以外は同様の調製方法を行い、実施例7の70重量%硫酸バリウム担持アルミナ100gを得た。物性を表2、表3に示した。
その後、前記と同様にしてRh触媒層、またはPd担持BaSO4/Al2O3を含む排気ガス浄化用触媒を調製し、引き続き、触媒性能試験を行い評価した。Rh系触媒の結果を表4の評価(1)、Pd系触媒の結果を表5の評価(2)にまとめた。
実施例3において、硫酸バリウムの平均粒子径を0.2μmとした以外は同様の調製方法を行い、実施例8の40重量%硫酸バリウム担持アルミナ100gを得た。物性を表2、表3に示した。
その後、前記と同様にしてRh触媒層を含む排気ガス浄化用触媒を調製し、引き続き、触媒性能試験を行い評価した。その結果を表4の評価(1)にまとめた。
実施例3において、ミリング後のγ-アルミナの平均粒子径を1.2μmとした以外は同様の調製方法を行い、実施例9の40重量%硫酸バリウム担持アルミナ100gを得た。物性を表2、表3に示した。
その後、前記と同様にしてRh触媒層を含む排気ガス浄化用触媒を調製し、引き続き、触媒性能試験を行い評価した。その結果を表4の評価(1)にまとめた。
実施例9において、アルミナ材として、BET比表面積200m2/g、細孔径10nm、および平均粒子径35μmのγ-アルミナを用いた以外は同様の調製方法を行い、実施例10の40重量%硫酸バリウム担持アルミナ100gを得た。物性を表2に示した。
その後、前記と同様にしてRh触媒層、またはPd担持BaSO4/Al2O3を含む排気ガス浄化用触媒を調製し、引き続き、触媒性能試験を行い評価した。Rh系触媒の結果を表4の評価(1)、Pd系触媒の結果を表5の評価(2)にまとめた。
実施例10において、γ-アルミナ粉末の重量を90g、硫酸バリウムの重量を10gとした以外は同様の調製方法を行い、実施例11の10重量%硫酸バリウム担持アルミナ100gを得た。物性を表2、表3に示した。
その後、前記と同様にしてRh触媒層、またはPd担持BaSO4/Al2O3を含む排気ガス浄化用触媒を調製し、引き続き、触媒性能試験を行い評価した。Rh系触媒の結果を表4の評価(1)、Pd系触媒の結果を表5の評価(2)にまとめた。
実施例10において、アルミナ材として、BET比表面積100m2/g、細孔径25nm、および平均粒子径35μmのθ-アルミナを用いた以外は同様の調製方法を行い、実施例12の40重量%硫酸バリウム担持アルミナ100gを得た。物性を表2、表3に示した。
その後、前記と同様にしてRh触媒層を含む排気ガス浄化用触媒を調製し、引き続き、触媒性能試験を行い評価した。その結果を表4の評価(1)にまとめた。
実施例9において、硫酸バリウムの平均粒子径を2.0μmとした以外は同様の調製方法を行い、実施例13の40重量%硫酸バリウム担持アルミナ100gを得た。物性を表2、表3に示した。
その後、前記と同様にしてRh触媒層、またはPd担持BaSO4/Al2O3を含む排気ガス浄化用触媒を調製し、引き続き、触媒性能試験を行い評価した。Rh系触媒の結果を表4の評価(1)、Pd系触媒の結果を表5の評価(2)にまとめた。
実施例9において、硫酸バリウムの平均粒子径を0.3μmとした以外は同様の調製方法を行い、実施例14の40重量%硫酸バリウム担持アルミナ100gを得た。物性を表2に示した。
その後、前記と同様にしてRh触媒層、またはPd担持BaSO4/Al2O3を含む排気ガス浄化用触媒を調製し、引き続き、触媒性能試験を行い評価した。Rh系触媒の結果を表4の評価(1)、Pd系触媒の結果を表5の評価(2)にまとめた。
実施例3において、アルミナ材として、BET比表面積80m2/g、細孔径20nm、平均分散粒子径0.35μmのベーマイトを用いて、造粒後の焼成温度を700℃とした以外は同様の調製方法を行い、実施例15の40重量%硫酸バリウム担持アルミナ100gを得た。物性を表2に示した。
その後、前記と同様にしてRh触媒層を含むPh系触媒を調製し、引き続き、触媒性能試験を行い評価した。その結果を表4の評価(1)にまとめた。
実施例15において、ミリング後のベーマイトの平均粒子径を0.1μmとした以外は同様の調製方法を行い、実施例16の40重量%硫酸バリウム担持アルミナ100gを得た。物性を表2、表3に示した。
その後、前記と同様にしてRh触媒層、またはPd担持BaSO4/Al2O3を含む排気ガス浄化用触媒を調製し、引き続き、触媒性能試験を行い評価した。Rh系触媒の結果を表4の評価(1)、Pd系触媒の結果を表5の評価(2)にまとめた。
実施例1の硫酸バリウム担持アルミナの調製方法とは異なり、平均粒子径0.5μmの硫酸バリウム40gを純水200mLに添加し、分散させた。その分散液に10%硫酸アルミニウム水溶液(アルミナ重量換算で15g)と10%アルミン酸ナトリウム水溶液(アルミナ重量換算で45g)を交互に滴下し、加水分解させ、ベーマイト(水酸化アルミニウム)を沈殿させた。その混合沈殿物を遠心分離機で分離洗浄後、80℃、12時間乾燥後、500℃、1時間の焼成を行なうことで、実施例17の40重量%硫酸バリウム担持アルミナ100gを得た。物性を表2、表3に示した。
その後、前記と同様にしてRh触媒層、またはPd担持BaSO4/Al2O3を含む排気ガス浄化用触媒を調製し、引き続き、触媒性能試験を行い評価した。Rh系触媒の結果を表4の評価(1)、Pd系触媒の結果を表5の評価(2)にまとめた。
実施例1の硫酸バリウム担持アルミナの調製方法とは異なり、平均粒子径0.3μmの硫酸バリウム40gおよび分子量20000~30000のポリカルボン酸型アニオン性界面活性剤3gを純水100mLに添加して、ホモジナイザーで両方をよく混合し、硫酸バリウム分散液を調製した。その分散液をBET比表面積150m2/g、細孔径15nm、および平均粒子径35μmのγ-アルミナ粉末60gに含浸担持し、500℃、1時間の焼成を行なうことで、実施例18の40重量%硫酸バリウム担持アルミナ100gを得た。物性を表2、表3に示した。
その後、前記と同様にしてRh触媒層、またはPd担持BaSO4/Al2O3を含む排気ガス浄化用触媒を調製し、引き続き、触媒性能試験を行い評価した。Rh系触媒の結果を表4の評価(1)、Pd系触媒の結果を表5の評価(2)にまとめた。
実施例1では硫酸バリウム担持アルミナを製造したが、次のように硫酸バリウムに代えて、炭酸バリウムを担持したアルミナを製造した。
酢酸バリウム結晶43.8gを水100mLに溶解して酢酸バリウム水溶液を調製し、BET比表面積150m2/g、細孔径15nm、および平均粒子径35μmのγ-アルミナ粉末60gに含浸担持した。この含水粉末を空気中500℃、1時間の焼成を行なうことで、比較例1の36重量%炭酸バリウム(XRD測定で、炭酸バリウムのみが観察された)担持アルミナ93.85gを得た(硫酸バリウムに換算すると40重量%)。物性を表2、表3に示したが、硫酸バリウムの平均粒子径の欄、硫酸バリウム量の欄の数値は、いずれも炭酸バリウムのものである。
その後、前記と同様にしてRh触媒層を含むRh系触媒を調製し、引き続き、触媒性能試験を行い評価した。その結果を表4の評価(1)にまとめた。
γ-アルミナ材として、BET比表面積1m2/g、平均粒子径5.0μmのα-アルミナ粉末を用いた以外は実施例3と同様の調製方法を行い、比較例2の40重量%硫酸バリウム担持アルミナ100gを得た。物性を表2に示した。表2中、無(細孔径)としたのは、細孔分布測定装置では当該粉末の粒子内の一次細孔を確認できなかったためである。
その後、前記と同様にしてRh触媒層、またはPd担持BaSO4/Al2O3を含む排気ガス浄化用触媒を調製し、引き続き、触媒性能試験を行い評価した。Rh系触媒の結果を表4の評価(1)、Pd系触媒の結果を表5の評価(2)にまとめた。
γ-アルミナ粉末の重量を10g、硫酸バリウムの重量を90gとした以外は実施例3と同様の調製方法を行い、比較例3の90重量%硫酸バリウム担持アルミナ100gを得た。物性を表2に示した。表2中、無(細孔径)としたのは、細孔分布測定装置では当該粉末の粒子内の一次細孔を確認できなかったためである。
その後、前記と同様にしてRh触媒層、またはPd担持BaSO4/Al2O3を含む排気ガス浄化用触媒を調製し、引き続き、触媒性能試験を行い評価した。Rh系触媒の結果を表4の評価(1)、Pd系触媒の結果を表5の評価(2)にまとめた。
γ-アルミナ粉末の重量を99g、硫酸バリウムの重量を1gとした以外は実施例3と同様の調製方法を行い、比較例4の1重量%硫酸バリウム担持アルミナ100gを得た。物性を表2に示した。
その後、前記と同様にしてRh触媒層、またはPd担持BaSO4/Al2O3を含む排気ガス浄化用触媒を調製し、引き続き、触媒性能試験を行い評価した。Rh系触媒の結果を表4の評価(1)、Pd系触媒の結果を表5の評価(2)にまとめた。
実施例1において、BaSO4/Al2O3をγ-アルミナの単独とし、γ-アルミナ粉末の物性を表2に示した。
その後、前記と同様にしてRh触媒層、またはPd担持Al2O3を含む排気ガス浄化用触媒を調製し、引き続き、触媒性能試験を行い評価した。Rh系触媒の結果を表4の評価(1)、Pd系触媒の結果を表5の評価(2)にまとめた。
上記のとおり、実施例1~18によれば、Baが硫酸Baとしてアルミナ材に固定化されることにより、表3から明らかなようにBaの溶出率が9%以下に抑えられる共に、表4および5から明らかなように触媒化後の脱硝性能はRh系、Pd系を問わず、良好であった。
アルミナ上に担持する硫酸バリウムの量は、40重量%(実施例6)、70重量%(実施例7)まで上げても、Baの溶出率は5%以下で、触媒化後の脱硝性能はRh系、Pd系を問わず、良好であった。
また、硫酸バリウムの平均粒子径は、0.2μm(実施例8)まで下げ、2.0μm(実施例13)まで上げ、さらに、γ-アルミナの平均粒子径を1.2μm(実施例9)まで上げても、Baの溶出率は7%以下で、触媒化後の脱硝性能は、Rh系、Pd系を問わず、良好であった。
また、アルミナ材の種類は、BET比表面積の高いγ-アルミナ(実施例11)、θ-アルミナ(実施例12)、およびベーマイト(実施例16、17)に代えても、Baの溶出率は5%以下で、触媒化後の脱硝性能は、Rh系、Pd系を問わず、良好であった。
さらに、細孔容積がより高い硫酸バリウム担持アルミナ(実施例17)を用いても、触媒化後の脱硝性能は、Rh系、Pd系を問わず、良好であった。
これら高い脱硝性能は、本発明の硫酸バリウム担持アルミナ粒子では、20~250m2/gのBET比表面積を有する平均粒子径50μm以下のアルミナ上に、5~70重量%で平均粒子径4μm以下の硫酸バリウムが高分散していることに起因していると考えられる。
そして、表4の評価(1)から、硫酸バリウムの含有量が10重量%を超えたアルミナ材(実施例1,3,5-9,11-18)が、10重量%以下のもの(実施例3,4,10)よりも優れたNOx浄化率を示すことが分かる。
その他、硫酸Baの担持量が90重量%(比較例3)と多過ぎたり、1重量%(比較例4)と少な過ぎたり、あるいは硫酸Baを担持しないと(比較例5)、触媒化後の脱硝性能はRh系、Pd系共に優れなかった。
Claims (8)
- 硫酸バリウムをアルミナに対して5~70質量%含有するアルミナ材料であって、アルミナ材料中に分散している硫酸バリウムの平均粒子径が4μm以下、アルミナの平均粒子径が50μm以下で、アルミナ材料のBET比表面積が20~250m2/gであることを特徴とする硫酸バリウムを含むアルミナ材料。
- アルミナの種類が、γ-アルミナ、δ-アルミナ、θ-アルミナ、又はベーマイトのいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の硫酸バリウムを含むアルミナ材料。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の硫酸バリウムを含むアルミナ材料を用いた排気ガス浄化用触媒。
- 硫酸バリウムを含むアルミナ材料が、触媒層として一体構造型担体に被覆されていることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の排気ガス浄化用触媒。
- 触媒層がさらに貴金属を含有し、硫酸バリウムを含むアルミナ材料が前記貴金属と同一層に存在する事を特徴とする請求項3又は4に記載の排気ガス浄化用触媒。
- 貴金属の種類が、ロジウム、パラジウム、又は白金から選ばれる1種以上であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の排気ガス浄化用触媒。
- ロジウムが、硫酸バリウムを含むアルミナ材料とは異なる多孔質無機酸化物に担持されていることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の排気ガス浄化用触媒。
- パラジウム及び/又は白金が、硫酸バリウムを含むアルミナ材料に担持されていることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の排気ガス浄化用触媒。
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12866715.1A EP2808081A4 (en) | 2012-01-23 | 2012-12-05 | BARIUM SULPHATE CONTAINING ALUMINUM MATERIAL AND EXHAUST GAS CLEANING CATALYST THEREOF |
CN201280067460.5A CN104066507A (zh) | 2012-01-23 | 2012-12-05 | 包含硫酸钡的氧化铝材料、使用其的废气净化用催化剂 |
US14/369,980 US20140329669A1 (en) | 2012-01-23 | 2012-12-05 | Alumina material containing barium sulfate and exhaust gas purifying catalyst using same |
JP2013555145A JP6007193B2 (ja) | 2012-01-23 | 2012-12-05 | 硫酸バリウムを含むアルミナ材料の製造方法、及び排気ガス浄化用触媒の製造方法 |
KR1020147016453A KR20140117361A (ko) | 2012-01-23 | 2012-12-05 | 황산 바륨을 함유하는 알루미나 재료, 및 그것을 이용한 배기가스 정화용 촉매 |
BR112014016404A BR112014016404A8 (pt) | 2012-01-23 | 2012-12-05 | material de alumina, e, catalisador para purificação de gás de exaustão |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2012010690 | 2012-01-23 | ||
JP2012-010690 | 2012-01-23 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2013111457A1 true WO2013111457A1 (ja) | 2013-08-01 |
Family
ID=48873198
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2012/081472 WO2013111457A1 (ja) | 2012-01-23 | 2012-12-05 | 硫酸バリウムを含むアルミナ材料、それを用いた排気ガス浄化用触媒 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20140329669A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2808081A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6007193B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20140117361A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN104066507A (ja) |
BR (1) | BR112014016404A8 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2013111457A1 (ja) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2014156746A1 (ja) * | 2013-03-28 | 2014-10-02 | エヌ・イーケムキャット株式会社 | 硫酸バリウムを含むアルミナ材料とその製造方法、それを用いた排気ガス浄化用触媒 |
WO2016060029A1 (ja) * | 2014-10-17 | 2016-04-21 | 株式会社キャタラー | 排ガス浄化装置 |
WO2016092957A1 (ja) * | 2014-12-12 | 2016-06-16 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 排気ガス浄化触媒 |
JP2016199454A (ja) * | 2015-02-05 | 2016-12-01 | 堺化学工業株式会社 | 球状硫酸バリウム及びその製造方法 |
WO2016190294A1 (ja) * | 2015-05-25 | 2016-12-01 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 排ガス浄化用触媒、それを用いた排ガス浄化フィルタ及び排ガス浄化方法 |
WO2017150350A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-01 | 2017-09-08 | 株式会社キャタラー | 排ガス浄化触媒 |
JP2018164897A (ja) * | 2017-03-28 | 2018-10-25 | 東京濾器株式会社 | 希薄混合気燃焼エンジンからの排出ガス浄化用吸蔵還元型触媒 |
KR20220127285A (ko) | 2020-03-26 | 2022-09-19 | 가부시키가이샤 르네상스 에너지 리서치 | 다공질 알루미나 및 촉매 |
KR20240125048A (ko) | 2022-03-25 | 2024-08-19 | 가부시키가이샤 르네상스 에너지 리서치 | SiO2Al2O3 함유 졸 용액의 합성 방법, 및, 다공질 알루미나막의 형성 방법 |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BRPI0922344A2 (pt) | 2008-12-19 | 2017-10-24 | 3B Pharmaceuticals Gmbh | inibidores de tfpi e métodos de uso |
ES2983470T3 (es) | 2010-03-19 | 2024-10-23 | Takeda Pharmaceuticals Co | Inhibidores del TFPI y métodos de uso |
JP2015514070A (ja) | 2012-03-21 | 2015-05-18 | バクスター・インターナショナル・インコーポレイテッドBaxter International Incorp0Rated | Tfpi阻害剤および使用方法 |
JP6592319B2 (ja) * | 2015-09-30 | 2019-10-16 | 日揮触媒化成株式会社 | 排ガス処理用触媒およびその製造方法 |
WO2017203863A1 (ja) * | 2016-05-25 | 2017-11-30 | エヌ・イーケムキャット株式会社 | ガソリンエンジン排気ガスの浄化用三元触媒 |
US11465120B2 (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2022-10-11 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd. | Nitrogen oxide sorbent and exhaust gas cleaning catalyst |
CN108993560A (zh) * | 2018-07-25 | 2018-12-14 | 昆明贵研催化剂有限责任公司 | 一种耐水耐高温甲烷氧化催化剂及其制备方法 |
KR102193496B1 (ko) * | 2018-09-21 | 2020-12-21 | (주) 세라컴 | 열 내구성이 우수한 디젤 산화촉매 및 그의 제조 방법 |
JP6986123B1 (ja) * | 2020-08-07 | 2021-12-22 | 株式会社キャタラー | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
JPWO2022131244A1 (ja) * | 2020-12-15 | 2022-06-23 | ||
WO2023017258A1 (en) | 2021-08-13 | 2023-02-16 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Sulfur-containing organic compound assisted metal nanoparticle synthesis for three-way catalysis application |
KR102669782B1 (ko) * | 2021-12-22 | 2024-05-28 | 희성촉매 주식회사 | 활성 귀금속 성분 소결 억제를 위한 배기가스 정화용 촉매 제조방법 |
Citations (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6154234A (ja) | 1984-08-16 | 1986-03-18 | ダブリユー・アール・グレイス・アンド・カンパニー−コネチカツト | 硫黄酸化物捕捉剤 |
JPH03106446A (ja) | 1989-09-21 | 1991-05-07 | Cataler Kogyo Kk | 排ガス浄化用触媒およびその製造方法 |
JPH05237390A (ja) | 1992-02-28 | 1993-09-17 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | 排気ガス浄化用触媒 |
JPH07251073A (ja) | 1994-03-16 | 1995-10-03 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排気ガス浄化用触媒 |
JPH08103636A (ja) | 1994-10-06 | 1996-04-23 | Babcock Hitachi Kk | 低温脱硝装置 |
JPH09215922A (ja) | 1996-02-09 | 1997-08-19 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
JPH11151439A (ja) * | 1997-11-20 | 1999-06-08 | Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd | 排気ガス浄化用触媒 |
JP2000117110A (ja) * | 1998-10-13 | 2000-04-25 | Degussa Huels Ag | 窒素酸化物貯蔵触媒、その製造方法およびその使用 |
WO2000027508A1 (fr) | 1998-11-05 | 2000-05-18 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Procede et systeme pour purifier les gaz d'echappement et catalyseur de purification des gaz d'echappement utilise avec ce systeme ainsi que procede de fabrication correspondant |
JP2002172325A (ja) * | 2000-09-26 | 2002-06-18 | Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
JP2002326033A (ja) | 2002-04-26 | 2002-11-12 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
JP2007319768A (ja) | 2006-05-31 | 2007-12-13 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排ガス浄化触媒製造方法 |
JP2010022918A (ja) * | 2008-07-17 | 2010-02-04 | Ne Chemcat Corp | 自動車から排出される排気ガスを浄化するためのハニカム構造型触媒及びその製造方法、並びに、その触媒を使用した排気ガス浄化方法 |
JP2010274162A (ja) | 2009-05-26 | 2010-12-09 | Tokyo Roki Co Ltd | 内燃機関用の排ガス浄化触媒、及び内燃機関用の排ガス浄化装置 |
WO2010147163A1 (ja) * | 2009-06-16 | 2010-12-23 | 株式会社 キャタラー | 排ガス浄化用触媒、粉末材料、及び排ガス浄化用触媒の製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4677095A (en) * | 1985-01-31 | 1987-06-30 | Engelhard Corporation | Stabilized alumina catalyst support coatings |
US4902664A (en) * | 1987-08-13 | 1990-02-20 | Engelhard Corporation | Thermally stabilized catalysts containing alumina and methods of making the same |
CA1326232C (en) * | 1987-08-13 | 1994-01-18 | Engelhard Corporation | Thermally stabilized catalysts containing alumina and methods of making the same |
US5041407A (en) * | 1989-12-14 | 1991-08-20 | Allied-Signal Inc. | High-temperature three-way catalyst for treating automotive exhaust gases |
JP5428773B2 (ja) * | 2009-11-10 | 2014-02-26 | マツダ株式会社 | 排気ガス浄化用触媒 |
CN103889570B (zh) * | 2011-10-31 | 2016-09-07 | 恩亿凯嘉股份有限公司 | 废气净化用催化剂 |
-
2012
- 2012-12-05 CN CN201280067460.5A patent/CN104066507A/zh active Pending
- 2012-12-05 KR KR1020147016453A patent/KR20140117361A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-12-05 EP EP12866715.1A patent/EP2808081A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-12-05 JP JP2013555145A patent/JP6007193B2/ja active Active
- 2012-12-05 BR BR112014016404A patent/BR112014016404A8/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-12-05 US US14/369,980 patent/US20140329669A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-12-05 WO PCT/JP2012/081472 patent/WO2013111457A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6154234A (ja) | 1984-08-16 | 1986-03-18 | ダブリユー・アール・グレイス・アンド・カンパニー−コネチカツト | 硫黄酸化物捕捉剤 |
JPH03106446A (ja) | 1989-09-21 | 1991-05-07 | Cataler Kogyo Kk | 排ガス浄化用触媒およびその製造方法 |
JPH05237390A (ja) | 1992-02-28 | 1993-09-17 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | 排気ガス浄化用触媒 |
JPH07251073A (ja) | 1994-03-16 | 1995-10-03 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排気ガス浄化用触媒 |
JPH08103636A (ja) | 1994-10-06 | 1996-04-23 | Babcock Hitachi Kk | 低温脱硝装置 |
JPH09215922A (ja) | 1996-02-09 | 1997-08-19 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
JPH11151439A (ja) * | 1997-11-20 | 1999-06-08 | Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd | 排気ガス浄化用触媒 |
JP2000117110A (ja) * | 1998-10-13 | 2000-04-25 | Degussa Huels Ag | 窒素酸化物貯蔵触媒、その製造方法およびその使用 |
WO2000027508A1 (fr) | 1998-11-05 | 2000-05-18 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Procede et systeme pour purifier les gaz d'echappement et catalyseur de purification des gaz d'echappement utilise avec ce systeme ainsi que procede de fabrication correspondant |
JP2002172325A (ja) * | 2000-09-26 | 2002-06-18 | Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
JP2002326033A (ja) | 2002-04-26 | 2002-11-12 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
JP2007319768A (ja) | 2006-05-31 | 2007-12-13 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排ガス浄化触媒製造方法 |
JP2010022918A (ja) * | 2008-07-17 | 2010-02-04 | Ne Chemcat Corp | 自動車から排出される排気ガスを浄化するためのハニカム構造型触媒及びその製造方法、並びに、その触媒を使用した排気ガス浄化方法 |
JP2010274162A (ja) | 2009-05-26 | 2010-12-09 | Tokyo Roki Co Ltd | 内燃機関用の排ガス浄化触媒、及び内燃機関用の排ガス浄化装置 |
WO2010147163A1 (ja) * | 2009-06-16 | 2010-12-23 | 株式会社 キャタラー | 排ガス浄化用触媒、粉末材料、及び排ガス浄化用触媒の製造方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
CATALYSIS TODAY, vol. 114, 2006, pages 3 - 12 |
See also references of EP2808081A4 |
Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2014156746A1 (ja) * | 2013-03-28 | 2014-10-02 | エヌ・イーケムキャット株式会社 | 硫酸バリウムを含むアルミナ材料とその製造方法、それを用いた排気ガス浄化用触媒 |
JPWO2014156746A1 (ja) * | 2013-03-28 | 2017-02-16 | エヌ・イーケムキャット株式会社 | 硫酸バリウムを含むアルミナ材料とその製造方法、それを用いた排気ガス浄化用触媒 |
WO2016060029A1 (ja) * | 2014-10-17 | 2016-04-21 | 株式会社キャタラー | 排ガス浄化装置 |
JP2016077980A (ja) * | 2014-10-17 | 2016-05-16 | 株式会社キャタラー | 排ガス浄化装置 |
US10201805B2 (en) | 2014-10-17 | 2019-02-12 | Cataler Corporation | Exhaust gas purification apparatus |
JPWO2016092957A1 (ja) * | 2014-12-12 | 2017-04-27 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 排気ガス浄化触媒 |
WO2016092957A1 (ja) * | 2014-12-12 | 2016-06-16 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 排気ガス浄化触媒 |
US10022705B2 (en) | 2014-12-12 | 2018-07-17 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Exhaust gas purifying catalyst |
JP2016199454A (ja) * | 2015-02-05 | 2016-12-01 | 堺化学工業株式会社 | 球状硫酸バリウム及びその製造方法 |
JP2016215160A (ja) * | 2015-05-25 | 2016-12-22 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 排ガス浄化用触媒、それを用いた排ガス浄化フィルタ及び排ガス浄化方法 |
WO2016190294A1 (ja) * | 2015-05-25 | 2016-12-01 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 排ガス浄化用触媒、それを用いた排ガス浄化フィルタ及び排ガス浄化方法 |
WO2017150350A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-01 | 2017-09-08 | 株式会社キャタラー | 排ガス浄化触媒 |
JPWO2017150350A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-01 | 2018-10-18 | 株式会社キャタラー | 排ガス浄化触媒 |
US10710023B2 (en) | 2016-03-01 | 2020-07-14 | Cataler Corporation | Exhaust gas purification catalyst |
JP2018164897A (ja) * | 2017-03-28 | 2018-10-25 | 東京濾器株式会社 | 希薄混合気燃焼エンジンからの排出ガス浄化用吸蔵還元型触媒 |
KR20220127285A (ko) | 2020-03-26 | 2022-09-19 | 가부시키가이샤 르네상스 에너지 리서치 | 다공질 알루미나 및 촉매 |
KR20240125048A (ko) | 2022-03-25 | 2024-08-19 | 가부시키가이샤 르네상스 에너지 리서치 | SiO2Al2O3 함유 졸 용액의 합성 방법, 및, 다공질 알루미나막의 형성 방법 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2013111457A1 (ja) | 2015-05-11 |
CN104066507A (zh) | 2014-09-24 |
KR20140117361A (ko) | 2014-10-07 |
US20140329669A1 (en) | 2014-11-06 |
JP6007193B2 (ja) | 2016-10-12 |
BR112014016404A2 (pt) | 2017-06-13 |
EP2808081A1 (en) | 2014-12-03 |
BR112014016404A8 (pt) | 2017-07-04 |
EP2808081A4 (en) | 2015-08-26 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6007193B2 (ja) | 硫酸バリウムを含むアルミナ材料の製造方法、及び排気ガス浄化用触媒の製造方法 | |
JP7018997B2 (ja) | 酸化窒素を酸化するための触媒物品、システム及び方法 | |
JP6007248B2 (ja) | 排気ガス浄化用触媒組成物および自動車用排気ガス浄化用触媒 | |
JP4443685B2 (ja) | 排気ガス浄化用助触媒の製造方法 | |
WO2017004414A1 (en) | Nitrous oxide removal catalysts for exhaust systems | |
WO2013136821A1 (ja) | 排気ガス浄化用触媒組成物および自動車用排気ガス浄化用触媒 | |
JP6371557B2 (ja) | リン捕集材およびそれを用いた自動車排気ガス浄化触媒 | |
WO2013065421A1 (ja) | 排気ガス浄化用触媒 | |
JP6027241B2 (ja) | 窒素酸化物除去用触媒 | |
WO2014050296A1 (ja) | 白金系酸化触媒、及びそれを用いた排気ガス浄化方法 | |
JP7187654B2 (ja) | 排ガス用浄化触媒組成物、及び自動車用排ガス浄化触媒 | |
US20210283582A1 (en) | Catalytic articles | |
JP7173707B2 (ja) | 排ガス浄化用触媒 | |
JP6272303B2 (ja) | 硫酸バリウムを含むアルミナ材料とその製造方法、それを用いた排気ガス浄化用触媒 | |
WO2007122917A1 (ja) | 排ガス浄化用触媒及びその製造方法 | |
JPWO2014123232A1 (ja) | NOx吸蔵還元型排ガス浄化用触媒および当該触媒を用いた排ガス浄化方法 | |
JP3805079B2 (ja) | ディーゼルエンジン排ガス浄化用触媒及び浄化方法 | |
JP4484978B2 (ja) | 内燃機関排気ガス浄化用助触媒の製造方法 | |
JP3682476B2 (ja) | 脱硝触媒およびその製造方法並びにこれを用いた排気ガスの脱硝方法 | |
JPH0824645A (ja) | 脱硝触媒およびそれを用いた脱硝方法 | |
JPH09253499A (ja) | 脱硝触媒、脱硝触媒被覆構造体およびこれによる脱硝方法 | |
JP2000237589A (ja) | 排気ガス浄化用触媒 | |
JPH08131827A (ja) | 脱硝触媒およびそれを用いた脱硝方法 | |
JPH0810618A (ja) | 脱硝触媒およびそれを用いた脱硝方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 12866715 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2013555145 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2012866715 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2012866715 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20147016453 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: BR Ref legal event code: B01A Ref document number: 112014016404 Country of ref document: BR |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 112014016404 Country of ref document: BR Kind code of ref document: A2 Effective date: 20140701 |