WO2013073685A1 - 化学強化用ガラスおよび化学強化ガラス - Google Patents
化学強化用ガラスおよび化学強化ガラス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013073685A1 WO2013073685A1 PCT/JP2012/079849 JP2012079849W WO2013073685A1 WO 2013073685 A1 WO2013073685 A1 WO 2013073685A1 JP 2012079849 W JP2012079849 W JP 2012079849W WO 2013073685 A1 WO2013073685 A1 WO 2013073685A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/089—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron
- C03C3/091—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/089—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron
- C03C3/091—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron containing aluminium
- C03C3/093—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron containing aluminium containing zinc or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C21/00—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface
- C03C21/001—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C21/00—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface
- C03C21/001—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions
- C03C21/002—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions to perform ion-exchange between alkali ions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
- C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
- C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
- C03C3/087—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal containing calcium oxide, e.g. common sheet or container glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
- C03C4/18—Compositions for glass with special properties for ion-sensitive glass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/16—Constructional details or arrangements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/0412—Digitisers structurally integrated in a display
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2204/00—Glasses, glazes or enamels with special properties
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/16—Constructional details or arrangements
- G06F1/1613—Constructional details or arrangements for portable computers
- G06F1/1633—Constructional details or arrangements of portable computers not specific to the type of enclosures covered by groups G06F1/1615 - G06F1/1626
- G06F1/1637—Details related to the display arrangement, including those related to the mounting of the display in the housing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31—Surface property or characteristic of web, sheet or block
- Y10T428/315—Surface modified glass [e.g., tempered, strengthened, etc.]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a mobile device such as a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), and a tablet PC, a touch panel, a display device such as a large thin TV such as a large liquid crystal television, and a glass plate for a display device suitable for a cover glass of the display device. And a glass for chemical strengthening and a chemically strengthened glass suitable for such a glass plate.
- a mobile device such as a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), and a tablet PC
- PDA personal digital assistant
- a tablet PC a touch panel
- a display device such as a large thin TV such as a large liquid crystal television
- a glass plate for a display device suitable for a cover glass of the display device.
- a glass for chemical strengthening and a chemically strengthened glass suitable for such a glass plate.
- cover glass protect glass
- surface processing such as formation of a film having functions such as antireflection, impact damage prevention, electromagnetic wave shielding, near infrared ray shielding, and color correction may be performed on a cover glass of a thin television such as a liquid crystal television.
- a display device is required to be lightweight and thin in order to differentiate by a thin design and to reduce a burden for movement. Therefore, the cover glass used for display protection is also required to be thin.
- the cover glass As the thickness of the cover glass is reduced, the strength decreases, and in the case of a stationary type, the cover glass itself is affected by the impact of flying or dropping of an object, or in the case of a mobile device due to a drop during use. There is a problem that it may break, and the original function of protecting the display device cannot be performed.
- a method of forming a compressive stress layer on the glass surface is generally known.
- an air cooling strengthening method physical strengthening method in which the glass plate surface heated to near the softening point is rapidly cooled by air cooling or the like, and ions at a temperature below the glass transition point.
- a chemical strengthening method in which an alkali metal ion (typically Li ion or Na ion) having a small ionic radius on the glass plate surface is exchanged for an alkali ion (typically K ion) having a larger ionic radius by exchange. is there.
- the cover glass is required to be thin.
- the air-cooling strengthening method is applied to a thin glass plate that is required as a cover glass and has a thickness of less than 2 mm, it is difficult to form a compressive stress layer because the temperature difference between the surface and the inside is difficult to occur. Therefore, the desired high strength characteristic cannot be obtained. Therefore, a cover glass reinforced by a chemical strengthening method is usually used.
- a soda-lime glass that has been chemically strengthened is widely used (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- Soda lime glass is inexpensive, and the surface compressive stress S of the compressive stress layer formed on the glass surface by chemical strengthening (hereinafter, “surface compressive stress S” may be simply referred to as “S” in this specification).
- the thickness t of the compressive stress layer (hereinafter, “the thickness of the compressive stress layer” may be referred to as “the depth of the compressive stress layer” in this specification) is set to 20 ⁇ m or more. There was a problem that it was not easy.
- the glass of Example 49 mentioned later is soda-lime glass.
- SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 —Na 2 O glass different from soda lime glass has been proposed as such a cover glass (see, for example, Patent Documents 2 and 3).
- the SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 —Na 2 O-based glass is characterized in that not only the S can be made 550 MPa or more, but the t can be made 20 ⁇ m or more.
- the glass of Example 47 mentioned later is also such glass, and is conventionally used as a cover glass.
- the main surface of the cover glass is called the front surface, and the inner surface is called the back surface. It can be classified as the side, the surface of the cover glass, and the back surface of the cover glass. Since the back side of the edge is close to the bending mode, S should be large. On the front side of the edge, S should be large because of Hertz cone type destruction. It is considered that a larger S is better because it breaks in the mode. Therefore, a cover glass capable of increasing S is required.
- the crack generated from the surface acts on the internal tensile stress and breaks.
- the inventors have clarified that the smaller the internal tensile stress is, the harder it is to break. It is an object of the present invention to provide a chemically strengthened glass and a chemically strengthened glass that have characteristics that they are less likely to break even when a larger load is applied than those of conventional ones, and are less likely to be damaged.
- the present invention is expressed in mole percentages based on the following oxides: SiO 2 56-72%, Al 2 O 3 8-20%, Na 2 O 9-25%, K 2 O 0-2%, MgO is contained in an amount of 0 to 15%, the surface compressive stress is 900 MPa or more, and the internal tensile stress CT (hereinafter, “internal tensile stress CT” may be simply referred to as “CT” in this specification) is 34 MPa or less, preferably Provides a chemically strengthened glass having a pressure of 30 MPa or less. In the above numerical range, for example, “56 to 72%” means “56% or more and 72% or less”.
- the surface compressive stress S By setting the surface compressive stress S to 900 MPa or more, the surface side of the edge, the back surface side of the edge, and the cover glass rather than the conventional glass used in the market recently (the glass of Example 47 described later, where S is 884 MPa). It is possible to reduce destruction from the back surface of the substrate. Moreover, destruction from the surface of the cover glass can be reduced by performing CT as described above. This is because, in the plot of the sandpaper ball drop test of FIG. 1, when the CT decreases to 38 MPa, the resistance to the impact test starts to increase, and when the CT is 34 MPa or less, preferably 30 MPa or less, this resistance is clearly increased. I understand. Therefore, by using a cover glass with a CT of 30 MPa or less, the glass can be used in a state having higher resistance to slow cracks. In addition, the glass of Example 17 mentioned later was used for the said test which shows a result in FIG.
- the sandpaper drop test is a case where a chemically strengthened glass plate is placed on a base made of granite and the top surface of the chemically strengthened glass plate is in contact with the rubbing surface of # 30 sandpaper, and the mass is 28 g. , ⁇ , a diameter of 0.75 inch, that is, a stainless steel sphere having a diameter of 19.1 mm is dropped to generate a slow crack crack.
- the slow crack crack is a crack in which the glass cracks at a relatively low speed starting from a scratch penetrating the compressive stress layer of the chemically strengthened cover glass. Even if the flat panel display device is accidentally dropped, the cover glass that has been chemically strengthened may crack even if the impact is not so great when the cover glass is given an impact, but this may cause scratches that penetrate the compressive stress layer. This is thought to be due to the occurrence of a slow crack that breaks the glass at a relatively slow speed.
- FIG. 1 shows chemical tempered glass having various internal tensile stresses obtained by subjecting glass of Example 17 described later, which has been subjected to double-side mirror polishing at 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm ⁇ 1 mmt, to produce chemically tempered glasses, and their fracture heights were tested in the above test. This is the result of the investigation.
- the abscissa represents the internal tensile stress CT, and the ordinate represents the stainless steel ball drop height Height.
- the drop height value is an average of 15 points, and the standard deviation is displayed as an error bar.
- the present invention also provides the chemically strengthened glass having a mass reduction per unit surface area of 1.02 mg / cm 2 or less when immersed in hydrochloric acid having a temperature of 90 ° C. and a concentration of 0.1 mol% for 20 hours. Further, when a glass having a size of 40 mm ⁇ 40 mm ⁇ (0.6 to 1.3 mmt) is immersed in 0.1 mol / l hydrochloric acid heated to 90 ° C. for 20 hours, the mass reduction per 1 cm 2 is 0.
- the chemically tempered glass is provided in an amount of 31 mg or less.
- compressive stress layer thickness (hereinafter, “compressive stress layer thickness” may be simply referred to as “t” in this specification) is 32 ⁇ m or less, and thickness A chemically strengthened glass plate having a thickness of 1 mm or less is provided.
- the surface compressive stress S is set to 900 MPa or more, the strength of the edge surface, the edge back surface, and the glass back surface can be dramatically improved. Further, by setting the compressive stress layer thickness t to 32 ⁇ m or more, the bending strength resistance after a typical scratch can be made sufficient. This can be seen from the data plot of FIG. 2 that 32 ⁇ m is sufficient.
- FIG. 2 shows a glass plate of 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm ⁇ 0.8 mmt which is SiO 2 : 73%, Al 2 O 3 : 7%, MgO: 6%, Na 2 O: 14% in terms of mole percentage
- chemical strengthening treatment was performed to produce three types of chemically strengthened glass plates with surface compressive stress of 700 MPa and compressive stress layer thicknesses of 15 ⁇ m, 29 ⁇ m and 52 ⁇ m.
- the four-point bending fracture stress is plotted when a four-point bending test is performed at 40 mm and an upper span of 10 mm.
- the vertical axis represents the four-point bending fracture strength, which is expressed as 4 PBS stress in the figure, and the horizontal axis is the compressive stress layer thickness, which is expressed as DOL in the figure.
- the test was performed also about the unstrengthened glass plate, and the result is also plotted in the place where DOL is 0 micrometer.
- the value of 4-point bending fracture stress is the average of 15 points, and the standard deviation is displayed as an error bar.
- the flexural fracture strength becomes the maximum at 36 ⁇ m to 37 ⁇ m, and the bending fracture strength tends to decrease at the compressive stress layer thickness beyond that.
- the thickness of the compressive stress layer may be 36 ⁇ m to 37 ⁇ m, and 32 ⁇ m is sufficient.
- the bending fracture strength tends to decrease in the region where the compressive stress layer thickness is 36 ⁇ m to 37 ⁇ m or more because the surface compressive stress has decreased due to stress relaxation since chemical strengthening was performed for a long time to increase the compressive stress layer thickness. It is thought that.
- the present invention provides the above chemically strengthened glass plate, which has a mass reduction per unit surface area of 1 mg / cm 2 or less when immersed in hydrochloric acid having a temperature of 90 ° C. and a concentration of 0.1 mol% for 20 hours. Further, when a glass having a size of 40 mm ⁇ 40 mm ⁇ (0.6 to 1.3 mmt) is immersed in 0.1 mol / l hydrochloric acid warmed to 90 ° C. for 20 hours, a mass reduction per 1 cm 2 is 1 mg or less.
- the chemically strengthened glass sheet is provided.
- SiO 2 is 56 to 73%
- Al 2 O 3 is 6 to 20%
- Na 2 O is 9 to 25%
- K 2 O is 0 to 2%
- MgO is A chemically strengthened glass containing 0 to 15% is provided (hereinafter, this chemically strengthened glass may be referred to as the glass of the present invention).
- SiO 2 is 56 to 72%
- Al 2 O 3 is 8 to 20%
- Na 2 O is 9 to 25%
- K 2 O is 0 to 2%
- MgO is A glass for chemical strengthening containing 0 to 15% is provided (this glass for chemical strengthening is the glass of the present invention).
- glass A of the present invention is there).
- the glass for chemical strengthening wherein MgO is 7% or more and ZrO 2 is 0 to 0.5%.
- the present invention also provides the glass for chemical strengthening, wherein the difference (SiO 2 -MgO) obtained by subtracting the MgO content from the SiO 2 content (SiO 2 mole percentage display content, the same applies hereinafter) is 64% or less.
- the glass for chemical strengthening wherein the difference obtained by subtracting the MgO content from the Al 2 O 3 content (Al 2 O 3 -MgO) is 9% or less.
- Z 2 ⁇ SiO 2 + 55 ⁇ Al 2 O 3 + 22 ⁇ Na 2 O + 15 ⁇ MgO-30 ⁇ B 2 O 3 ⁇ 126 ⁇ K 2 O.
- Z correlates with S, and when Z is set to 870 or more, S becomes 900 MPa or more, and among the four cracking modes than conventional glass, the edge surface side, the edge back surface side, and the glass back surface The effect that the breakage of the cover glass due to the three crack modes on the side can be reduced is obtained.
- Z By setting Z to 1000 or more, S can be set to 1030 MPa or more, and the strength is further improved.
- the glass for chemical strengthening in which Z4 calculated by the following formula using the mole percentage display content of each component of Al 2 O 3 , K 2 O and MgO is 35 or more is provided.
- Z4 3 ⁇ Al 2 O 3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ K 2 O + MgO.
- X that is calculated by the following equation provides the chemically tempered glass is 1.3 or less by using SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, Na 2 O and molar percentages display content of each component of MgO.
- X ⁇ 0.4 ⁇ SiO 2 ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ Al 2 O 3 ⁇ 0.4 ⁇ Na 2 O ⁇ 0.4 ⁇ MgO + 41.5.
- FIG. 5 shows X calculated from the glass compositions of Examples 1 to 21, 29, 30, and 47 to 49, which will be described later, and a crack occurrence rate P (to be described later) when these glasses were chemically strengthened.
- the “crack occurrence rate P” is sometimes simply referred to as “P”).
- LN (X) is the natural logarithm of X.
- X has a correlation with P.
- P By setting X to 1.3 or less, P can be made smaller than P of the conventional glass, that is, 0.75.
- X is preferably 1 or less.
- the Y1 calculated by the following formula using the mole percentage display content of each component of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Na 2 O, MgO, K 2 O and B 2 O 3 is less than ⁇ 600 Provide glass for chemical strengthening.
- Y1 SiO 2 + 15 ⁇ Al 2 O 3 ⁇ 50 ⁇ Na 2 O-25 ⁇ K 2 O-25 ⁇ MgO-25 ⁇ B 2 O 3 .
- the Y2 calculated by the following formula using the mole percentage display content of each component of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Na 2 O, MgO, K 2 O and B 2 O 3 is less than ⁇ 245 Provide glass for chemical strengthening.
- Y2 SiO 2 + 25 ⁇ Al 2 O 3 ⁇ 40 ⁇ Na 2 O-20 ⁇ K 2 O-10 ⁇ MgO-10 ⁇ B 2 O 3 .
- the glass for chemical strengthening wherein a difference obtained by subtracting the Al 2 O 3 content from the Na 2 O content (Na 2 O—Al 2 O 3 ) is less than 5%.
- Z2 calculated by the following formula using the mole percentage display content of each component of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Na 2 O, MgO and ZrO 2 is 860 or more.
- Z2 3.5 ⁇ SiO 2 + 85 ⁇ Al 2 O 3 + 0.80 ⁇ Na 2 O + 2.0 ⁇ MgO + 81 ⁇ ZrO 2 .
- FIG. 6 shows Z2 calculated from the glass compositions of Examples 1, 3, 5 to 7, 9, 11 to 21, 27, 29, 34 to 46, 48, 50, and 52 to 56, which will be described later, and these glasses at 425 ° C.
- Z2 is preferably set to 1000 or more, 1100 or more, 1200 or more, 1300 or more, respectively.
- Z2 is preferably 1300 or more.
- the glass for chemical strengthening wherein Z3 calculated by the following formula using the mole percentage display content of each component of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Na 2 O, MgO and ZrO 2 is 0.150 or less. provide.
- Z3 ⁇ 0.00722 ⁇ SiO 2 + 0.0264 ⁇ Al 2 O 3 + 0.0149 ⁇ Na 2 O + 0.0035 ⁇ MgO ⁇ 0.0204 ⁇ ZrO 2 .
- FIG. 7 shows Z3 calculated from the glass compositions of Examples 17, 29, 30, 34, 35, 38 to 45, and 52 to 56, which will be described later, and 20 mol of 0.1 mol / l hydrochloric acid heated to 90 ° C. It is the figure which plotted the value (unit: mg / cm ⁇ 2 >) which immersed in time and remove
- FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the origin of FIG. 7, and the equation of the straight line in FIG.
- the present invention provides the glass for chemical strengthening, wherein the total content of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Na 2 O, MgO and B 2 O 3 is 98% or more in terms of mole percentages based on the following oxides.
- the present invention provides the glass for chemical strengthening, wherein the total content of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Na 2 O and MgO is 98% or more in terms of a mole percentage based on the following oxides.
- the liquid phase temperature TL provides the glass for chemical strengthening having a viscosity of 10 4 dPa ⁇ s or less at a temperature T4 or lower.
- TL-T4 is preferably ⁇ 10 ° C. or lower, more preferably ⁇ 20 ° C. or lower.
- a chemically strengthened glass obtained by chemically strengthening the glass for chemical strengthening. Moreover, the said chemically strengthened glass which performs chemical strengthening within 10 hours using potassium nitrate of 425 degreeC or more is provided. Moreover, the said chemically strengthened glass whose surface compressive stress is 1000 Mpa or more is provided. Moreover, the said chemically strengthened glass whose compressive-stress layer thickness is 20 micrometers or more is provided.
- the glass plate for display apparatuses obtained by chemically strengthening the glass plate which consists of the said glass for chemical strengthening is provided.
- the display apparatus which has a cover glass which consists of the said glass plate for display apparatuses is provided.
- the cover glass which consists of the said chemically strengthened glass or the said chemically strengthened glass plate is provided.
- the display apparatus which has the said cover glass is provided.
- the display device is a mobile device, a touch panel, or a thin television having a size of 20 inches or more.
- the touch panel of the present invention includes a glass on which an input position detection electrode is formed, that is, a chemically strengthened glass with a touch sensor.
- the chemically tempered glass with a touch sensor includes a touch sensor and a chemically tempered glass on which the touch sensor is mounted, and is used in a 2-in-1 type display device. That is, the chemically strengthened glass with a touch sensor has a function as a cover glass and a function as a sensor substrate.
- the chemically strengthened glass with a touch sensor can be manufactured by using a photolithography technique when forming the touch sensor. Therefore, the chemically tempered glass of the present invention and the glass of the present invention preferably have acid resistance. Specifically, when the chemically tempered glass is immersed in 0.1 mol% hydrochloric acid at a temperature of 90 ° C. for 20 hours.
- the mass reduction is preferably 1 mg / cm 2 or less, more preferably 0.18 mg / cm 2 or less, and particularly preferably 0.15 mg / cm 2 or less.
- a touch sensor can be mounted on the chemically tempered glass by using photolithography technology.
- it is preferable that the said mass reduction is less than 0.1 mg / cm ⁇ 2 >.
- the glass for chemical strengthening which the sufficient intensity
- the strength of the glass is not easily lowered, so that the chemically strengthened glass that is difficult to break even when an impact or static load is applied to the glass, and a chemically strengthened glass suitable for such chemically strengthened glass. Is obtained.
- display apparatuses such as a mobile device, a touch panel, and a thin television, using such chemically strengthened glass as a glass plate for a display apparatus such as a cover glass can be obtained.
- FIG. 8 is an enlarged view near the origin of FIG. 7.
- Both the chemically strengthened glass and the glass plate for display device of the present invention are obtained by chemically strengthening the chemically strengthened glass of the present invention, and are hereinafter collectively referred to as the tempered glass of the present invention.
- the surface compressive stress S of the tempered glass of the present invention is preferably 800 MPa or more, more preferably 900 MPa or more, and particularly preferably 1000 MPa or more when used in a display device or the like. S may be 1300 MPa or more. In addition, when the thickness of the glass is less than 2 mm, S is preferably 1600 MPa or less. If it exceeds 1600 MPa, the internal tensile stress may be too large.
- the thickness t of the compressive stress layer of the tempered glass of the present invention is preferably more than 10 ⁇ m, more preferably more than 15 ⁇ m, typically more than 20 ⁇ m or 30 ⁇ m or more when used in a display device or the like.
- t is preferably 90 ⁇ m or less. If it exceeds 90 ⁇ m, the internal tensile stress may be too large. More preferably, it is 80 ⁇ m or less, and typically 70 ⁇ m or less.
- the method of chemical strengthening treatment for obtaining the tempered glass of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can ion-exchange Na in the glass surface layer and K in the molten salt.
- glass is used for heated potassium nitrate molten salt.
- the method of immersing is included.
- the chemical strengthening treatment conditions for forming a chemically strengthened layer (compressive stress layer) having a desired surface compressive stress on the glass vary depending on the thickness of the glass plate, but it may be 2 to 350 to 550 ° C. potassium nitrate molten salt.
- the glass substrate is immersed for ⁇ 20 hours. From an economical point of view, it is preferable to immerse under conditions of 350 to 500 ° C. and 2 to 16 hours, and a more preferable immersion time is 2 to 10 hours.
- the fracture rate is preferably less than 1, and more preferably, the fracture rate when a force of 1.96 N is applied is 0.80 or less.
- the glass plate for a display device of the present invention is usually obtained by chemically strengthening a glass plate obtained by processing the glass plate made of the glass for chemical strengthening of the present invention by cutting, drilling or polishing.
- the thickness of the glass plate for a display device of the present invention is usually 0.3 to 2 mm, typically 1.5 mm or less.
- the glass plate for a display device of the present invention is typically a cover glass.
- the method for producing the glass plate made of the glass for chemical strengthening is not particularly limited.
- a suitable amount of various raw materials are prepared, heated to about 1400-1800 ° C. and melted, and then homogenized by defoaming, stirring, etc. It is manufactured by forming into a plate shape by a float method, a downdraw method, a press method, etc., and after slow cooling, it is cut into a desired size.
- the glass for chemical strengthening of the present invention is preferably 400 ° C. or higher. If it is less than 400 ° C., the surface compressive stress is relaxed during ion exchange, and there is a possibility that sufficient stress cannot be obtained. More preferably, it is 550 degreeC or more.
- the temperature T2 at which the viscosity of the glass of the present invention is 10 2 dPa ⁇ s is preferably 1800 ° C. or lower, more preferably 1750 ° C. or lower.
- the temperature T4 at which the viscosity of the glass of the present invention is 10 4 dPa ⁇ s is preferably 1350 ° C. or lower.
- the liquidus temperature of the glass of the present invention is preferably lower than T4 and more preferably 20 ° C. lower than T4 from the viewpoint of suppressing devitrification during glass forming.
- the specific gravity ⁇ of the glass of the present invention is preferably 2.43 to 2.49.
- the Young's modulus E of the glass of the present invention is preferably 68 GPa or more. If it is less than 68 GPa, the crack resistance and breaking strength of the glass may be insufficient.
- the Poisson's ratio ⁇ of the glass of the present invention is preferably 0.25 or less. If it exceeds 0.25, the crack resistance of the glass may be insufficient.
- SiO 2 is an essential component constituting the skeleton of the glass, and also reduces the occurrence of cracks when scratches (indentations) are made on the glass surface, or reduces the fracture rate when indentations are made after chemical strengthening. It is an ingredient. If SiO 2 is less than 56%, the stability as glass, acid resistance, weather resistance, or chipping resistance decreases. SiO 2 is preferably 58% or more, more preferably 60% or more. If the SiO 2 content exceeds 73%, the viscosity of the glass will increase and the meltability will decrease, or it will be difficult to increase the surface compressive stress. Preferably it is 72% or less, More preferably, it is 69% or less, and in glass A, it is 69% or less.
- Al 2 O 3 is an effective component for improving ion exchange performance and chipping resistance, is a component that increases the surface compressive stress, or is indispensable to reduce the crack generation rate when indented with a 110 ° indenter. It is an ingredient. If Al 2 O 3 is less than 6%, a desired surface compressive stress value or compressive stress layer thickness cannot be obtained by ion exchange. Preferably it is 8% or more, More preferably, it is 9% or more. If Al 2 O 3 exceeds 20%, the viscosity of the glass becomes high and uniform melting becomes difficult, or the acid resistance decreases. Al 2 O 3 is preferably at most 16%, more preferably at most 15%, typically at most 14%, and for glass A, it is at most 16%.
- the total SiO 2 + Al 2 O 3 content of SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 is preferably 80% or less. If it exceeds 80%, the viscosity of the glass at high temperature may increase and melting may be difficult, and it is preferably 79% or less, more preferably 78% or less. Further, it is preferable that SiO 2 + Al 2 O 3 is 70% or more. If it is less than 70%, the crack resistance when an indentation is made decreases, more preferably 72% or more.
- Na 2 O is an essential component that forms a surface compressive stress layer by ion exchange and improves the meltability of the glass. If Na 2 O is less than 9%, it is difficult to form a desired surface compressive stress layer by ion exchange, and it is preferably 10% or more, more preferably 10.5% or more, or 11% or more. If Na 2 O exceeds 25%, the weather resistance or acid resistance is lowered, or cracks are likely to occur from the indentation. Preferably it is 22% or less, More preferably, it is 21% or less. When it is desired to improve acid resistance, Na 2 O is preferably at most 17%, more preferably at most 16.5%.
- K 2 O is not essential, but may be contained in a range of 2% or less in order to increase the ion exchange rate. If it exceeds 2%, cracks are likely to occur from the indentation, or the change in the surface compressive stress due to the NaNO 3 concentration in the potassium nitrate molten salt may increase.
- K 2 O is preferably less than 2%, more preferably 1% or less, even more preferably 0.8% or less, particularly preferably 0.5% or less, typically 0.3% or less. 1% or less. When it is desired to reduce the change in the surface compressive stress due to the NaNO 3 concentration in the potassium nitrate molten salt, it is preferable not to contain K 2 O.
- MgO is not essential, it is a component that increases the surface compressive stress and is a component that improves the meltability.
- MgO is contained, its content is preferably 5.5% or more, more preferably 7% or more.
- MgO is essential and is 5.5% or more, preferably 7% or more.
- MgO is preferably 8% or more. If MgO is less than 8%, the degree of stress relaxation tends to change depending on the location of the chemical strengthening treatment tank due to variations in the molten salt temperature during chemical strengthening treatment, and as a result, a stable compressive stress value can be obtained. May be difficult.
- the glass tends to be devitrified, or the change in surface compressive stress due to the concentration of NaNO 3 in the potassium nitrate molten salt may increase, preferably 14% or less, more preferably 13% or less. It is. In glass A, it is 14% or less.
- the difference obtained by subtracting the MgO content from the above-mentioned SiO 2 content is preferably 64% or less, more preferably 62% or less, and typically 61% or less.
- the difference obtained by subtracting the MgO content from the Al 2 O 3 content is preferably 9% or less, more preferably 8% or less.
- the total content of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Na 2 O and MgO is preferably 98% or more. If the total is less than 98%, it may be difficult to obtain a desired compressive stress layer while maintaining crack resistance. Typically, it is 98.3% or more.
- SiO 2 is 62 to 66%
- Al 2 O 3 is The content is preferably 10.5 to 13%
- Na 2 O is 14 to 17%
- MgO is 6 to 9%.
- the total content of these components is more preferably 97% or more.
- SiO 2 is 63 to 66%
- Al 2 O 3 is preferably 10.5 to 13%
- Na 2 O is 14 to 17%
- MgO is 6 to 9%
- ZrO 2 is preferably 0.2 to 2%, and the total content of these components is 97%. More preferably, it is 5% or more.
- the glass of the present invention consists essentially of the components described above, but may contain other components as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired. When such components are contained, the total content of these components is preferably less than 5%, more preferably 2% or less, and typically 1% or less.
- ZrO 2 is not essential, but may be contained up to 2% in order to reduce the viscosity at high temperature, to increase the surface compressive stress, or to improve acid resistance.
- the content is preferably 0.2% or more, for example 0.5% or more or more than 0.5%. If ZrO 2 exceeds 2%, there is a risk that the possibility of cracks from the indentation increases.
- ZrO 2 is preferably 1% or less, more preferably 0.5% or less, and typically does not contain ZrO 2 .
- B 2 O 3 is not essential, but may be contained in a range of 6% or less in order to improve the melting property at high temperature or the glass strength. If B 2 O 3 exceeds 6%, it is difficult to obtain a homogeneous glass, which may make it difficult to mold the glass, or may reduce crack resistance. Typically no B 2 O 3 is contained.
- the total content of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Na 2 O and MgO is preferably 98% or more.
- Z is preferably 1000 or more, more preferably 1050 or more, and typically 1100 or more.
- Z4 is preferably 35 or more, more preferably 38 or more.
- X is preferably 1 or less, more preferably 0.8 or less.
- Y1 is preferably less than ⁇ 600, more preferably ⁇ 650 or less.
- the Y2 is preferably less than ⁇ 245, more preferably ⁇ 260 or less.
- the difference obtained by subtracting Al 2 O 3 from the Na 2 O content (the Na 2 O—Al 2 O 3 ) is preferably less than 5%.
- R is preferably ⁇ 100 or more, more preferably ⁇ 70 or more.
- the glass A of the present invention consists essentially of the components described above, but may contain other components as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired. When such components are contained, the total content of these components is preferably less than 2%, more preferably 1% or less.
- the other components will be described as an example.
- ZnO may be contained up to 2%, for example, in order to improve the melting property of the glass at a high temperature, but is preferably 1% or less, and 0.5% or less in the case of manufacturing by a float process. It is preferable to make it. If ZnO exceeds 0.5%, it may be reduced during float forming, resulting in a product defect. Typically no ZnO is contained. Since TiO 2 coexists with Fe ions present in the glass, the visible light transmittance is lowered and the glass may be colored brown, so even if it is contained, it is preferably 1% or less. Does not contain.
- Li 2 O is a component that lowers the strain point to facilitate stress relaxation, and as a result makes it impossible to obtain a stable surface compressive stress layer, so it is preferably not contained, and even if it is contained, its content Is preferably less than 1%, more preferably 0.05% or less, and particularly preferably less than 0.01%.
- Li 2 O may be eluted in a molten salt such as KNO 3 during chemical strengthening treatment, but when the chemical strengthening treatment is performed using a molten salt containing Li, the surface compressive stress is remarkably reduced. Li 2 O is preferably not contained from this viewpoint.
- CaO may be contained in a range of less than 1% in order to improve the meltability at high temperature or to prevent devitrification. When CaO is 1% or more, the resistance to ion exchange rate or crack generation is lowered. Typically no CaO is contained. SrO may be contained as necessary, but since the effect of lowering the ion exchange rate is greater than that of MgO and CaO, the content is preferably less than 1% even when contained. Typically no SrO is contained. Since BaO has the greatest effect of reducing the ion exchange rate among alkaline earth metal oxides, BaO should not be contained, or even if contained, its content should be less than 1%. preferable.
- the total content thereof is preferably 1% or less, more preferably less than 0.3%.
- the total content of these four components is preferably less than 1.5%. If the total is 1.5% or more, the ion exchange rate may be lowered, and is typically 1% or less.
- SO 3 As a fining agent for melting the glass, SO 3 , chloride, fluoride and the like may be appropriately contained. However, in order to increase the visibility of a display device such as a touch panel, it is preferable to reduce as much as possible the components that are mixed as impurities in the raw material, such as Fe 2 O 3 , NiO, and Cr 2 O 3 that absorb in the visible region, The percentage is preferably 0.15% or less, and more preferably 0.05% or less.
- oxides, hydroxides, carbonates so as to have compositions represented by mole percentages in the columns from SiO 2 to K 2 O
- Commonly used glass materials such as salts or nitrates were appropriately selected and weighed to give 400 g of glass. This weighed product was mixed with a sodium sulfate having a mass corresponding to 0.2% of the mass. Next, the mixed raw materials were put into a platinum crucible, put into a resistance heating electric furnace at 1650 ° C., melted for 6 hours, defoamed and homogenized. The obtained molten glass was poured into a mold material, held at a temperature of Tg + 50 ° C. for 1 hour, and then cooled to room temperature at a rate of 0.5 ° C./min to obtain a glass block.
- Example 49 is a separately prepared soda lime glass, and Examples 22 to 24, 32, and 33 are not subjected to the melting of the glass as described above.
- the data marked with * in the table are obtained by calculation or estimation from the composition.
- Examples 1 to 47 and 52 to 56 are examples of the chemically strengthened glass of the present invention
- Example 48 is a reference example
- Examples 49 to 51 are comparative examples
- Examples 1 to 25, 29 to 46, and 52 to 56 are the present invention. This is an example of the glass A.
- These glasses have Young's modulus E (unit: GPa), specific gravity d, glass transition point Tg (unit: ° C), temperature T2 (unit: ° C) at which the viscosity becomes 10 2 dPa ⁇ s, and viscosity of 10 4 dPa ⁇ s.
- Temperature T4 (unit: ° C.) liquid phase temperature TL (unit: ° C.), average linear expansion coefficient ⁇ (unit: ⁇ 7 / ° C.) at 50 to 350 ° C., acid resistance (unit: mg / cm 2 ), crack
- the incidence P is shown in the table. In the table, “ ⁇ ” indicates that measurement or calculation was not performed, and “*” indicates that calculation was performed from the glass composition or the like.
- the acid resistance was measured as follows. That is, the glass block was cut and ground, and finally both surfaces were processed into mirror surfaces to obtain a plate glass having a size of 40 mm ⁇ 40 mm and a thickness of 1.0 mm to 1.3 mm.
- plate glass was ground by 300 to 1000 ⁇ m using a # 1000 grindstone to obtain plate glass, and then polished using cerium oxide to make the surface a mirror surface.
- the obtained plate glass is immersed in 0.1 mol / l hydrochloric acid warmed to 90 ° C. for 20 hours, the amount of mass loss before and after the immersion is measured, and it is divided by the plate glass surface area to calculate acid resistance. did.
- plate glass was ground by 300 to 1000 ⁇ m using a # 1000 grindstone to obtain plate glass, and then polished using cerium oxide to make the surface a mirror surface.
- the liquidus temperature was measured as follows. That is, 10 g of glass having a size of about 1 to 4 mm was placed on a platinum dish, melted in an electric furnace maintained at a constant temperature for 17 hours or more, then taken out and rapidly cooled at room temperature.
- the KNO 3 molten salt has a KNO 3 content of 99.7 to 100% by mass and a NaNO 3 content of 0 to 0.3% by mass.
- the following chemical strengthening treatment was performed on the plate glasses of Examples 1, 3, 5 to 7, 11 to 24, and 47 to 49. That is, these glasses were respectively immersed in a molten salt at 450 ° C. having a KNO 3 content ratio of 95 mass% and a NaNO 3 content ratio of 5 mass%, and subjected to chemical strengthening treatment. About each glass after a chemical strengthening process, the surface compressive stress and the compressive-stress layer depth were measured. The results are shown in the columns for CS for P (unit: MPa) and DOL for P (unit: ⁇ m).
- the crack generation rate P was obtained by dividing the number of generated cracks by the number of cracks that can be generated 40.
- P is the thickness when the thickness is 3.0 mm, the CS for P is 800 MPa, and the DOL for P is 45 ⁇ m.
- a lower crack generation rate is preferable.
- P is preferably 0.80 or less.
- the glass of the Example of this invention does not have P exceeding 0.80, and it turns out that a crack is hard to generate
- the internal tensile stress acts as a force to tear the generated crack and break the glass, the glass easily breaks when cracks enter the glass having a large CT.
- CT the same, glass with a larger CS that resists the tearing force of internal tensile stress is less likely to break.
- P is smaller as CT is smaller.
- the cracks generated by the indentation of the diamond indenter are mainly of the type that extends in the vertical direction from the surface, and the cracks are caused by the stress distribution generated by the elastic deformation during the indentation. Therefore, for tempered glass, the compressive stress and tensile stress on the surface distributed in the thickness direction affect the generation of cracks. Especially, the stress field due to elastic deformation is widely distributed in the thickness direction, so it is generated in a wide area. The influence of the tensile stress layer is large.
- the chemically strengthened glass and chemically strengthened glass of the present invention can be used as a cover glass of a display device. Moreover, it can utilize also for a solar cell board
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Abstract
Description
このようなディスプレイ装置に対しては、薄型デザインによる差異化や移動のための負担の減少のため、軽量・薄型化が要求されている。そのため、ディスプレイ保護用に使用されるカバーガラスも薄くすることが要求されている。しかし、カバーガラスの厚さを薄くしていくと、強度が低下し、据え置き型の場合には物体の飛来や落下による衝撃、または携帯機器の場合には使用中の落下などによりカバーガラス自身が割れてしまうことがあり、ディスプレイ装置を保護するという本来の役割を果たすことができなくなるという問題があった。
ガラス表面に圧縮応力層を形成させる手法としては、軟化点付近まで加熱したガラス板表面を風冷などにより急速に冷却する風冷強化法(物理強化法)と、ガラス転移点以下の温度でイオン交換によりガラス板表面のイオン半径が小さなアルカリ金属イオン(典型的にはLiイオン、Naイオン)をイオン半径のより大きいアルカリイオン(典型的にはKイオン)に交換する化学強化法が代表的である。
ソーダライムガラスは安価であり、また化学強化によってガラス表面に形成した圧縮応力層の表面圧縮応力S(以下、本明細書において「表面圧縮応力S」を単に「S」と記すこともある。)を550MPa以上にできるという特徴があるが、圧縮応力層の厚みt(以下、本明細書において「圧縮応力層の厚み」を「圧縮応力層深さ」ということもある。)を20μm以上にすることが容易ではないという問題があった。なお、後述する例49のガラスはソーダライムガラスである。
前記SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O系ガラスには前記Sを550MPa以上にできるだけでなく、前記tを20μm以上にすることも可能であるという特徴がある。なお、後述する例47のガラスもこのようなガラスであり、従来カバーガラスとして使用されている。
従来広く用いられているカバーガラスの表面圧縮応力Sは650~750MPaであるが、近年はSがそれよりも大きいカバーガラスが求められている。
一方、液晶テレビ、プラズマテレビなどの薄型テレビ、特に大きさが20インチ以上の大型の薄型テレビにおいてもそのカバーガラスの面積が大きいので、傷がつく機会が多く、また、画面が大きいのでその傷を破壊起点として破壊する可能性が高くなる。さらに、薄型テレビが壁掛けタイプで使用されると落下する可能性もあり、その場合カバーガラスに大きな負荷がかかる。
タッチパネルはその使用時にスクラッチなどの傷がつく機会が多い。
本発明は従来のものよりも、大きな負荷がかかっても割れにくく、さらに傷がつきにくいという特性を兼ねそなえた化学強化ガラスおよび化学強化用ガラスの提供を目的とする。
上記した数値範囲においてたとえば「56~72%」とは「56%以上72%以下」の意である。
また、大きさが40mm×40mm×(0.6~1.3mmt)であるガラスを90℃に温めた0.1mol/lの塩酸に20時間浸漬したときの1cm2当たりの質量減少が0.31mg以下である前記化学強化ガラスを提供する。
なお、同図中の近似曲線は、圧縮応力層厚みをx、4点曲げ破壊強度をyとして、y=0.0021x3-0.4919x2+27.519x+118.49で表わされる。
この図より圧縮応力層厚みが29μm以上の領域では曲げ破壊強度の顕著な増大は見られなくなり、36μmないし37μmで曲げ破壊強度は最大となり、それ以上の圧縮応力層厚みでは曲げ破壊強度は減少傾向となり、結局のところ圧縮応力層厚みは36μmないし37μmあればよく、32μmあれば十分であることがわかる。なお、圧縮応力層厚みが36μmないし37μm以上の領域で曲げ破壊強度が減少傾向となるのは、圧縮応力層を厚くするべく長時間化学強化を行ったので応力緩和により表面圧縮応力が低下したからであると考えられる。また、図2は表面圧縮応力が700MPaのときのものであるが、上で述べた結論はたとえば表面圧縮応力が500MPaであっても900MPaであっても表面圧縮応力が700MPaのときとは変わらない。その理由は、表面圧縮応力の大きさが変わった場合曲げ強度の大きさが変わるだけであると考えられ、圧縮応力層厚みに対する曲げ強度の関係は、化学強化によって付加した圧縮応力層の厚みが表面に分布している傷の長さをカバーしているかどうかに依存しているのであって、表面圧縮応力の大きさには依存しないからである。
一方で、これまでカバーガラスに使われてきた、ソーダライムガラスは圧縮応力層厚みが9μm程度で使われてきた。これらのことより、圧縮応力層厚みは9~32μmの範囲が適切と考えられる。
また、大きさが40mm×40mm×(0.6~1.3mmt)であるガラスを90℃に温めた0.1mol/lの塩酸に20時間浸漬したときの1cm2当たりの質量減少が1mg以下である前記化学強化ガラス板を提供する。
また、下記酸化物基準のモル百分率表示で、SiO2を56~72%、Al2O3を8~20%、Na2Oを9~25%、K2Oを0~2%、MgOを0~15%含有する化学強化用ガラスを提供する(この化学強化用ガラスは本発明のガラスである)。
また、SiO2含有量(SiO2のモル百分率表示含有量、以下同様)からMgO含有量を減じた差(SiO2-MgO)が64%以下である前記化学強化用ガラスを提供する。
また、Al2O3含有量からMgO含有量を減じた差(Al2O3-MgO)が9%以下である前記化学強化用ガラスを提供する。
Z=2×SiO2+55×Al2O3+22×Na2O+15×MgO-30×B2O3-126×K2O。
図3からわかるように、ZはSと相関があり、Zを870以上にするとSは900MPa以上となり、従来ガラスよりも4つの割れモードのうちエッジの表面側、エッジの裏面側、ガラスの裏面側の3つの割れモードによるカバーガラスの破壊を低減することができるという効果が得られる。Zを1000以上とすることにより、Sを1030MPa以上とすることができ、さらに強度が向上する。
また、Al2O3、K2OおよびMgOの各成分のモル百分率表示含有量を用いて下記式により算出されるZ4が35以上である前記化学強化用ガラスを提供する。
Z4=3×Al2O3-10×K2O+MgO。
図4からわかるように、Z4はSと相関があり、Z4を24以上とすることにより、Sを900MPa以上とすることができ、従来ガラスよりも4つの割れモードのうちエッジの表面側、エッジの裏面側、ガラスの裏面側の3つの割れモードによるカバーガラスの破壊を低減することができるという効果が得られる。Z4を35以上とすることにより、Sを1000MPa以上とすることができ、さらに強度が向上する。
X=-0.4×SiO2-0.5×Al2O3-0.4×Na2O-0.4×MgO+41.5。
図5からわかるように、XはPと相関があり、Xを1.3以下とすることにより、Pを前記従来ガラスのPすなわち0.75より小さくできる。Xは好ましくは1以下である。
Y1=SiO2+15×Al2O3-50×Na2O-25×K2O-25×MgO-25×B2O3。
また、SiO2、Al2O3、Na2O、MgO、K2OおよびB2O3の各成分のモル百分率表示含有量を用いて下記式により算出されるY2が-245未満である前記化学強化用ガラスを提供する。
Y2=SiO2+25×Al2O3-40×Na2O-20×K2O-10×MgO-10×B2O3。
また、SiO2、Al2O3、Na2O、MgOおよびK2Oの各成分のモル百分率表示含有量を用いて下記式により算出されるRが-100以上である前記化学強化用ガラスを提供する。
R=0.5×SiO2+15×Al2O3-17×Na2O-5×K2O+1.5×MgO。
また、SiO2、Al2O3、Na2O、MgOおよびZrO2の各成分のモル百分率表示含有量を用いて下記式により算出されるZ2が860以上である前記化学強化用ガラスを提供する。
Z2=3.5×SiO2+85×Al2O3+0.80×Na2O+2.0×MgO+81×ZrO2。
図6は後述する例1、3、5~7、9、11~21、27、29、34~46、48、50、52~56のガラスの組成から算出したZ2と、これらガラスを425℃のKNO3溶融塩に10時間浸漬する化学強化処理を行ったときの表面圧縮応力S(単位:MPa)をプロットした図である。なお、図中の直線の式はS=0.8828×Z2+140.83である。
図6からわかるように、Z2はSと相関があり、Z2を860以上にするとSは900MPa以上となり、従来ガラスよりも4つの割れモードのうちエッジの表面側、エッジの裏面側、ガラスの裏面側の3つの割れモードによるガラスの破壊を低減できる。Sを1000MPa以上、1100MPa以上、1200MPa、1300MPa以上としたい場合、Z2はそれぞれ1000以上、1100以上、1200以上、1300以上とすることが好ましい。Z2は好ましくは1300以上である。
また、SiO2、Al2O3、Na2O、MgOおよびZrO2の各成分のモル百分率表示含有量を用いて下記式により算出されるZ3が0.150以下である前記化学強化用ガラスを提供する。
Z3=-0.00722×SiO2+0.0264×Al2O3+0.0149×Na2O+0.0035×MgO-0.0204×ZrO2。
図7は後述する例17、29、30、34、35、38~45、52~56のガラスの組成から算出したZ3と、これらガラスを90℃に温めた0.1mol/lの塩酸に20時間浸漬し浸漬前後での質量減少量をガラス表面積で除した値(単位:mg/cm2)を耐酸性の指標としてプロットした図である。図7から、Z3を0.150以下とすれば耐酸性が著しく向上し前記耐酸性指標が、後述する好ましいレベルすなわち1mg/cm2に比べて顕著に小さくなることがわかる。
図8は図7の原点近傍の拡大図であり、図8中の直線の式は耐酸性指標をWとしてW=0.8567×Z3-0.0009である。
図8からわかるように、Z3と前記耐酸性指標の間にはZ3が0.150以下では一次相関がある。Z3を0.150以下にすると耐酸性は0.18以下となり、フォトリソグラフィ工程などで有利な高い耐酸性を有する化学強化ガラスおよびガラスを得ることができる。
また、下記酸化物基準のモル百分率表示で、SiO2、Al2O3、Na2O、MgOおよびB2O3の含有量の合計が98%以上である前記化学強化用ガラスを提供する。
また、下記酸化物基準のモル百分率表示で、SiO2、Al2O3、Na2OおよびMgOの含有量の合計が98%以上である前記化学強化用ガラスを提供する。
また、液相温度TLが、粘度が104dPa・sとなる温度T4以下である前記化学強化用ガラスを提供する。(TL-T4)は、好ましくは-10℃以下、より好ましくは-20℃以下である。
また、前記化学強化用ガラスからなるガラス板を提供する。
また、化学強化を425℃以上の硝酸カリウム塩を用いて10時間以内で行う前記化学強化ガラスを提供する。
また、表面圧縮応力が1000MPa以上である前記化学強化ガラスを提供する。
また、圧縮応力層厚みが20μm以上である前記化学強化ガラスを提供する。
また、前記ディスプレイ装置用ガラス板からなるカバーガラスを有するディスプレイ装置を提供する。
また、前記化学強化ガラスまたは前記化学強化ガラス板からなるカバーガラスを提供する。
また、前記カバーガラスを有するディスプレイ装置を提供する。
また、ディスプレイ装置がモバイル機器、タッチパネルまたは大きさが20インチ以上の薄型テレビである前記ディスプレイ装置を提供する。
本発明のタッチパネルは入力位置検出用電極が形成されたガラス、すなわちタッチセンサ付化学強化ガラスを備える。タッチセンサ付化学強化ガラスは、タッチセンサと、該タッチセンサを搭載する化学強化ガラスと、を備え、2-in-1方式のディスプレイ装置に使用される。すなわち、タッチセンサ付化学強化ガラスは、カバーガラスとしての機能と、センサ基板としての機能とを兼ね備えるものである。
また、圧痕が付いたとしても、ガラスの強度が低下しにくいため、ガラスに衝撃や静荷重などの負荷がかかっても割れにくい化学強化ガラスおよびそのような化学強化ガラスに好適な化学強化用ガラスが得られる。
また、そのような化学強化ガラスをカバーガラスなどのディスプレイ装置用ガラス板として使用した、モバイル機器、タッチパネル、薄型テレビなどのディスプレイ装置が得られる。
本発明の強化ガラスの表面圧縮応力Sはディスプレイ装置などに用いられる場合好ましくは800MPa以上、より好ましくは900MPa以上、特に好ましくは1000MPa以上である。Sが1300MPa以上とすることも可能である。また、ガラスの厚みが2mmを下回るような場合などには、Sは1600MPa以下であることが好ましい。1600MPa超では内部引張応力が大きくなりすぎるおそれがある。
本発明の強化ガラスの圧縮応力層の厚みtは、ディスプレイ装置などに用いられる場合、10μm超であることが好ましく、より好ましくは15μm超、典型的には20μm超または30μm以上である。また、厚みが2mmを下回るような場合などにはtは90μm以下であることが好ましい。90μm超では内部引張応力が大きくなりすぎるおそれがある。より好ましくは80μm以下、典型的には70μm以下である。
ガラスに所望の表面圧縮応力を有する化学強化層(圧縮応力層)を形成するための化学強化処理条件はガラス板であればその厚みなどによっても異なるが、350~550℃の硝酸カリウム溶融塩に2~20時間ガラス基板を浸漬させることが典型的である。経済的な観点からは350~500℃、2~16時間の条件で浸漬させることが好ましく、より好ましい浸漬時間は2~10時間である。
また、0.2kgf=1.96Nの力を加えても破壊率が1未満であることが好ましく、より好ましくは1.96Nの力を加えた時の破壊率が0.80以下である。
本発明のディスプレイ装置用ガラス板の厚みは通常は0.3~2mm、典型的には1.5mm以下である。
本発明のディスプレイ装置用ガラス板は典型的にはカバーガラスである。
本発明のガラスの粘度が102dPa・sとなる温度T2は好ましくは1800℃以下、より好ましくは1750℃以下である。
本発明のガラスの粘度が104dPa・sとなる温度T4は、1350℃以下であることが好ましい。
本発明のガラスの液相温度は、ガラス成形時の失透抑制の観点からはT4より低いことが好ましく、T4より20℃以上低いことがより好ましい。
本発明のガラスのヤング率Eは68GPa以上であることが好ましい。68GPa未満ではガラスの耐クラック性や破壊強度が不十分となるおそれがある。
本発明のガラスのポアソン比σは0.25以下であることが好ましい。0.25超ではガラスの耐クラック性が不十分となるおそれがある。
SiO2はガラスの骨格を構成する必須成分であり、また、ガラス表面に傷(圧痕)がついた時のクラックの発生を低減させる、または化学強化後に圧痕をつけた時の破壊率を小さくする成分である。SiO2が56%未満ではガラスとしての安定性や耐酸性、耐候性またはチッピング耐性が低下する。SiO2は好ましくは58%以上、より好ましくは60%以上である。SiO2が73%超ではガラスの粘性が増大して溶融性が低下する、または表面圧縮応力を大きくしにくくなる。好ましくは72%以下、より好ましくは69%以下であり、ガラスAでは69%以下とされる。
前記したAl2O3含有量からMgO含有量を減じた差(Al2O3-MgO)は、好ましくは9%以下、より好ましくは8%以下である。
表面圧縮応力を大きくし、かつ耐酸性を向上させたい場合、たとえば前記Sを1150MPa以上かつ前記Wを0.15mg/cm2以下としたい場合、SiO2は62~66%、Al2O3は10.5~13%、Na2Oは14~17%、MgOは6~9%、であることが好ましく、これら成分の含有量の合計は97%以上であることがより好ましい。
表面圧縮応力をより大きくし、かつ耐酸性をより向上させたい場合、たとえば前記Sを1300MPa以上かつ前記Wを0.1mg/cm2以下としたい場合、SiO2は63~66%、Al2O3は10.5~13%、Na2Oは14~17%、MgOは6~9%、ZrO2は0.2~2%、であることが好ましく、これら成分の含有量の合計は97.5%以上であることがより好ましい。
前記Zは好ましくは1000以上、より好ましくは1050以上、典型的には1100以上である。
前記Z4は、好ましくは35以上、より好ましくは38以上である。
前記Xは、好ましくは1以下、より好ましくは0.8以下である。
前記Y2は好ましくは-245未満、より好ましくは-260以下である。
前記したNa2O含有量からAl2O3を減じた差(前記Na2O-Al2O3)は好ましくは5%未満である。
前記Rは好ましくは-100以上、より好ましくは-70以上である。
TiO2はガラス中に存在するFeイオンと共存することにより、可視光透過率を低下させ、ガラスを褐色に着色するおそれがあるので、含有するとしても1%以下であることが好ましく、典型的には含有しない。
SrOは必要に応じて含有してもよいが、MgO、CaOに比べてイオン交換速度を低下させる効果が大きいので含有する場合であってもその含有量は1%未満であることが好ましい。典型的にはSrOは含有しない。
BaOはアルカリ土類金属酸化物の中でイオン交換速度を低下させる効果が最も大きいので、BaOは含有しないこととするか、含有する場合であってもその含有量は1%未満とすることが好ましい。
CaO、SrO、BaOおよびZrO2のいずれか1以上を含有する場合、それら4成分の含有量の合計は1.5%未満であることが好ましい。当該合計が1.5%以上ではイオン交換速度が低下するおそれがあり、典型的には1%以下である。
例1~47、52~56は本発明の化学強化ガラスの実施例、例48は参考例、例49~51は比較例であり、例1~25、29~46、52~56は本発明のガラスAの実施例である。
また、表中に前記Z2、Z3、Z4、Xの値を示す。
前記ガラスブロックを切断、研削し、最後に両面を鏡面に加工して、サイズが30mm×30mm、厚みが1.0mmおよび3.0mmである板状ガラスを得た。鏡面研磨に至る工程は、板状のガラスを#1000の砥石を用いて300~1000μm研削して板状ガラスを得、その後、酸化セリウムを用いて研磨してその表面を鏡面とした。
液相温度は次のようにして測定した。すなわち、白金皿に大きさが1~4mm程度のガラス10gを載せ、一定温度に保った電気炉にて17時間以上溶解したのち、取り出して室温にてガラスを急冷した。このガラスサンプルを偏光顕微鏡で観察し結晶の有無を確認し、結晶の確認できる温度と結晶の確認できない温度を求めた。結果はこれら2個の温度を「-」で結ぶ形で示すが、液相温度はこれら2個の温度の間にある。なお、例55、例56においては1250℃でのみ結晶の有無を確認し、その結果同温度で結晶が確認されたので液相温度は1250℃超である。
化学強化処理後の各ガラスについて、表面圧縮応力および圧縮応力層深さを測定した。結果を表のP用CS(単位:MPa)およびP用DOL(単位:μm)の欄に示す。
クラック発生率は低い方が好ましい。具体的にはPは0.80以下であることが好ましい。本発明の実施例のガラスはPが0.80を超えるものがなく、クラックが発生しにくいことがわかる。
なお、CTが同じであればCSが大きい方がPは小さくなる。その理由は次の通りである。すなわち、対稜角が110°のピラミッド型ダイヤモンド圧子をガラスに押し込んで圧入すると、押し込み方向に垂直方向のクラックが発生する。その発生したクラックを引き裂き、ガラスを分断破壊しようとする力として内部引張応力が働くため、CTが大きいガラスにクラックが入るとガラスは破壊しやすくなる。一方、CTが同じであれば内部引張応力の引き裂く力に対抗するCSが大きいガラスの方が破壊しにくい。
また、CTが小さい方がPは小さくなる。その理由は次の通りである。すなわち、前記ダイヤモンド圧子押し込みによって発生したクラックは表面から垂直方向に伸展するタイプのものがメインであるため、そのクラック発生は押し込み中の弾性変形により発生している応力分布に起因する。そのため、強化ガラスに関しては厚み方向に分布している表面の圧縮応力および引張応力がそのクラック発生に影響するが、特に弾性変形による応力場は厚み方向に広く分布するため、広い領域に発生している引張応力層の影響が大きい。
なお、2011年11月18日に出願された日本特許出願2011-253102号および2012年6月1日に出願された日本特許出願2012-126388号の明細書、特許請求の範囲、図面および要約書の全内容をここに引用し、本発明の開示として取り入れるものである。
Claims (26)
- 下記酸化物基準のモル百分率表示で、SiO2を56~72%、Al2O3を8~20%、Na2Oを9~25%、K2Oを0~2%、MgOを0~15%含有し、表面圧縮応力が900MPa以上、内部引張応力が30MPa以下である化学強化ガラス。
- 温度が90℃、濃度が0.1モル%である塩酸中に20時間浸漬したときの単位表面積当たりの質量減少が1.02mg/cm2以下である請求項1の化学強化ガラス。
- 下記酸化物基準のモル百分率表示で、SiO2を56~72%、Al2O3を8~20%、Na2Oを9~25%、K2Oを0~2%、MgOを0~15%含有し、表面圧縮応力が900MPa以上、圧縮応力層厚みが32μm以下であり、厚みが1mm以下である化学強化ガラス板。
- 温度が90℃、濃度が0.1モル%である塩酸中に20時間浸漬したときの単位表面積当たりの質量減少が1mg/cm2以下である請求項3の化学強化ガラス板。
- 下記酸化物基準のモル百分率表示で、SiO2を56~69%、Al2O3を8~16%、Na2Oを9~22%、K2Oを0~1%、MgOを5.5~14%、ZrO2を0~2%、B2O3を0~6%含有する化学強化用ガラス。
- SiO2含有量からMgO含有量を減じた差が64%以下である請求項5の化学強化用ガラス。
- Al2O3含有量からMgO含有量を減じた差が9%以下である請求項5または6の化学強化用ガラス。
- SiO2、Al2O3、Na2O、MgO、B2O3およびK2Oの各成分のモル百分率表示含有量を用いて下記式により算出されるZが1000以上である請求項5~7のいずれか1項の化学強化用ガラス。
Z=2×SiO2+55×Al2O3+22×Na2O+15×MgO-30×B2O3-126×K2O - Al2O3、K2OおよびMgOの各成分のモル百分率表示含有量を用いて下記式により算出されるZ4が35以上である請求項5~8のいずれか1項の化学強化用ガラス。
Z4=3×Al2O3-10×K2O+MgO - SiO2、Al2O3、Na2OおよびMgOの各成分のモル百分率表示含有量を用いて下記式により算出されるXが1以下である請求項5~9のいずれか1項の化学強化用ガラス。
X=-0.4×SiO2-0.5×Al2O3-0.4×Na2O-0.4×MgO+41.5 - SiO2、Al2O3、Na2O、MgOおよびZrO2の各成分のモル百分率表示含有量を用いて下記式により算出されるZ2が860以上である請求項5~10のいずれか1項の化学強化用ガラス。
Z2=3.5×SiO2+85×Al2O3+0.80×Na2O+2.0×MgO+81×ZrO2 - Z2が1300以上である請求項11の化学強化用ガラス。
- SiO2、Al2O3、Na2O、MgOおよびZrO2の各成分のモル百分率表示含有量を用いて下記式により算出されるZ3が0.150以下である請求項5~12のいずれか1項の化学強化用ガラス。
Z3=-0.00722×SiO2+0.0264×Al2O3+0.0149×Na2O+0.0035×MgO-0.0204×ZrO2 - SiO2が62~66%、Al2O3が10.5~13%、Na2Oが14~17%、MgOが6~9%である請求項5~13のいずれか1項の化学強化用ガラス。
- ZrO2を含有し、SiO2が63~66%、ZrO2が0.2~2%である請求項14の化学強化用ガラス。
- Na2O含有量からAl2O3含有量を減じた差が5%未満である請求項5~15のいずれか1項の化学強化用ガラス。
- SiO2、Al2O3、Na2O、MgOおよびB2O3の含有量の合計が98%以上である請求項5~16のいずれか1項の化学強化用ガラス。
- SiO2、Al2O3、Na2OおよびMgOの含有量の合計が98%以上である請求項5~17のいずれか1項の化学強化用ガラス。
- MgOが7%以上、ZrO2が0~0.5%である請求項5~13または16~18のいずれか1項の化学強化用ガラス。
- 液相温度が、粘度が104dPa・sとなる温度以下である請求項5~19のいずれか1項の化学強化用ガラス。
- 請求項5~20のいずれか1項の化学強化用ガラスを化学強化して得られた化学強化ガラス。
- 表面圧縮応力が1000MPa以上である請求項21の化学強化ガラス。
- 圧縮応力層厚みが20μm以上である請求項22の化学強化ガラス。
- 請求項1、2、21、22もしくは23の化学強化ガラスまたは請求項3もしくは4の化学強化ガラス板からなるカバーガラス。
- 請求項24のカバーガラスを有するディスプレイ装置。
- 入力位置検出用電極が形成されたガラス基板を有するタッチパネルであって、当該ガラス基板が請求項1、2、21、22もしくは23の化学強化ガラスまたは請求項3もしくは4の化学強化ガラス板からなるタッチパネル。
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JP (5) | JP6079635B2 (ja) |
KR (2) | KR102009537B1 (ja) |
CN (4) | CN103946171A (ja) |
TW (2) | TWI636028B (ja) |
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JP7387311B2 (ja) | 2018-07-06 | 2023-11-28 | ショット アクチエンゲゼルシャフト | 化学強化可能で耐食性のガラス |
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JP7296539B2 (ja) | 2019-11-18 | 2023-06-23 | Agc株式会社 | 支持ガラス基板及び積層体 |
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CN107698141A (zh) | 2018-02-16 |
CN107640891A (zh) | 2018-01-30 |
CN106746602A (zh) | 2017-05-31 |
US9656906B2 (en) | 2017-05-23 |
US20180079680A1 (en) | 2018-03-22 |
KR101930681B1 (ko) | 2018-12-18 |
US20170183254A1 (en) | 2017-06-29 |
JP2015178454A (ja) | 2015-10-08 |
JP6237840B2 (ja) | 2017-11-29 |
US10189739B2 (en) | 2019-01-29 |
US20140226090A1 (en) | 2014-08-14 |
KR102009537B1 (ko) | 2019-08-09 |
CN103946171A (zh) | 2014-07-23 |
KR20180012867A (ko) | 2018-02-06 |
JP2016204258A (ja) | 2016-12-08 |
US9896374B2 (en) | 2018-02-20 |
TWI615371B (zh) | 2018-02-21 |
JP5854165B2 (ja) | 2016-02-09 |
JP6079635B2 (ja) | 2017-02-15 |
TWI636028B (zh) | 2018-09-21 |
JP5854164B2 (ja) | 2016-02-09 |
JP6278152B1 (ja) | 2018-02-14 |
JP2015205816A (ja) | 2015-11-19 |
TW201811695A (zh) | 2018-04-01 |
JP2018035066A (ja) | 2018-03-08 |
KR20140092301A (ko) | 2014-07-23 |
TW201332928A (zh) | 2013-08-16 |
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