WO2013018776A1 - プラズマエッチング方法 - Google Patents
プラズマエッチング方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013018776A1 WO2013018776A1 PCT/JP2012/069375 JP2012069375W WO2013018776A1 WO 2013018776 A1 WO2013018776 A1 WO 2013018776A1 JP 2012069375 W JP2012069375 W JP 2012069375W WO 2013018776 A1 WO2013018776 A1 WO 2013018776A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/46—Generating plasma using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
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- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
- H01L21/3105—After-treatment
- H01L21/311—Etching the insulating layers by chemical or physical means
- H01L21/31105—Etching inorganic layers
- H01L21/31111—Etching inorganic layers by chemical means
- H01L21/31116—Etching inorganic layers by chemical means by dry-etching
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
- H01J37/32082—Radio frequency generated discharge
- H01J37/32091—Radio frequency generated discharge the radio frequency energy being capacitively coupled to the plasma
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- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/32009—Arrangements for generation of plasma specially adapted for examination or treatment of objects, e.g. plasma sources
- H01J37/32082—Radio frequency generated discharge
- H01J37/32137—Radio frequency generated discharge controlling of the discharge by modulation of energy
- H01J37/32155—Frequency modulation
- H01J37/32165—Plural frequencies
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- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/302—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to change their surface-physical characteristics or shape, e.g. etching, polishing, cutting
- H01L21/306—Chemical or electrical treatment, e.g. electrolytic etching
- H01L21/3065—Plasma etching; Reactive-ion etching
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
- H01L21/3105—After-treatment
- H01L21/311—Etching the insulating layers by chemical or physical means
- H01L21/31144—Etching the insulating layers by chemical or physical means using masks
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- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/32—Processing objects by plasma generation
- H01J2237/33—Processing objects by plasma generation characterised by the type of processing
- H01J2237/334—Etching
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- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02109—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
- H01L21/02112—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer
- H01L21/02123—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing silicon
- H01L21/02164—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing silicon the material being a silicon oxide, e.g. SiO2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
- H01L21/3205—Deposition of non-insulating-, e.g. conductive- or resistive-, layers on insulating layers; After-treatment of these layers
- H01L21/321—After treatment
- H01L21/3213—Physical or chemical etching of the layers, e.g. to produce a patterned layer from a pre-deposited extensive layer
- H01L21/32133—Physical or chemical etching of the layers, e.g. to produce a patterned layer from a pre-deposited extensive layer by chemical means only
- H01L21/32135—Physical or chemical etching of the layers, e.g. to produce a patterned layer from a pre-deposited extensive layer by chemical means only by vapour etching only
- H01L21/32136—Physical or chemical etching of the layers, e.g. to produce a patterned layer from a pre-deposited extensive layer by chemical means only by vapour etching only using plasmas
- H01L21/32137—Physical or chemical etching of the layers, e.g. to produce a patterned layer from a pre-deposited extensive layer by chemical means only by vapour etching only using plasmas of silicon-containing layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/67—Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/67005—Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere
- H01L21/67011—Apparatus for manufacture or treatment
- H01L21/67017—Apparatus for fluid treatment
- H01L21/67063—Apparatus for fluid treatment for etching
- H01L21/67069—Apparatus for fluid treatment for etching for drying etching
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a plasma etching method for performing plasma etching on a substrate with plasma.
- a plasma etching process is often used in which etching is performed with plasma using a resist as a mask.
- HARC High Aspect Ratio Contact
- an etching mask such as a photoresist is negatively charged, and the charge is neutralized on the etching surface at the initial stage of etching.
- positive ions accumulate at the bottom of the hole and the etched surface becomes positively charged. For this reason, positive ions bend due to repulsion in the hole, and the etching shape is bent or distorted.
- the etching rate is lowered.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for neutralizing positive charging at the bottom of the hole by applying high-frequency power for plasma generation in a pulsed manner, supplying more secondary electrons to the bottom of the hole. Yes.
- a plasma etching method that suppresses the occurrence of necking and bowing, has a high etching rate, and has a high mask selectivity.
- a plasma etching method using a plasma etching apparatus having a lower electrode functioning as a mounting table for an object to be processed and an upper electrode disposed to face the lower electrode, wherein the first processing gas contains a fluorocarbon-based gas. And a second processing gas containing a fluorocarbon-based gas, wherein radicals of the second processing gas have an adhesion property to the object to be processed of the first processing gas.
- the absolute value of the applied voltage towards the period of such increases, plasma etching method of applying a negative DC voltage to the upper electrode.
- a plasma etching method that suppresses the occurrence of necking and bowing, has a high etching rate, and has a high mask selectivity.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the correlation between the adhesion of a processing gas and the hole shape, and shows a schematic diagram of an example of a hole in which a protective film is formed.
- an object to be processed that is, a film to be etched
- a radical of a processing gas to be used such as a processing substrate, a base film, an oxide film, a nitride film, etc. It is assumed that the radical “a” in FIG. 1 is relatively more adherent than the radical “b” in FIG. 1.
- the present embodiment is not limited to the structure of the semiconductor wafer W.
- a relatively thick protective film 5 is formed on the surface of the etching mask 3 and the side surface of the hole 4.
- HOC etching it is preferable to use a radical with high adhesion in order to ensure a high mask selectivity.
- the thickness of the protective film formed on the side surface of the etching mask 3 increases, and necking that closes the hole entrance tends to occur.
- the amount of ions penetrating the inside of the hole is insufficient, and the CD (Critical Dimension) at the bottom of the hole is reduced and / or the etching rate is reduced.
- incident ions may be reflected above the necking, and bowing (side wall drooping) may occur below the necking.
- the processing gas is changed at least once during the plasma etching processing period.
- the first processing gas having high adhesion to the etching target film of the protective film is selected to increase the mask selection ratio during etching.
- a second processing gas in which the protective film is thinly attached to the side wall inside the hole is selected, and plasma etching is performed while suppressing the aforementioned necking.
- the timing of switching the processing gas depends on the etching conditions, the desired aspect ratio, and the like, and can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art.
- a processing gas that can be preferably used in the present embodiment is a processing gas containing a fluorocarbon-based gas.
- the fluorocarbon-based gases can be used is not particularly limited, for example, CF, CF 2, CF 3 , CF 4, C 2 F 4, C 2 F 6, C 3 F 8, C 4 F 6, C 4 F 8 , C 4 F 10 , C 5 F 8 and other fluorocarbon gases (C x F y ).
- One kind of fluorocarbon gas may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- a gas containing argon gas and / or oxygen gas may be added. The addition of argon gas or oxygen gas increases the electron temperature during etching. As the electron temperature rises, the degree of radical dissociation increases, so the amount of radicals supplied into the holes increases, thereby increasing the deposition rate of the protective film.
- the adherence of fluorocarbon-based gas radicals to the etching target film usually depends on the number of Cs relative to the number of Fs in one radical molecule (that is, the C / F ratio). Adhesion to the etching target film is enhanced.
- the processing gas is selected in consideration of dissociation of the processing gas according to the etching conditions (for example, temperature and residence time). For example, an example where C 4 F 6 and C 4 F 8 are used as the fluorocarbon-based gas will be described.
- the C 4 F 6 radical is partially dissociated into CF x at a normal etching temperature, it mainly exists as a C 4 F 6 radical.
- C 4 F 8 radicals are generally dissociated at normal etching temperatures and exist mainly as C 2 F 4 radicals. Therefore, in the initial stage of plasma etching (for example, the main etching process), C 4 F 6 having high adhesion is used as the first processing gas to increase the selectivity, and in the latter stage of plasma etching (for example, the over etching process), the second ratio is increased. C 4 F 8 having low adhesion is used as a processing gas, and the etching rate is increased even if the selectivity is lowered from the initial stage of plasma etching.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a plasma etching apparatus capable of performing the plasma etching method according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the plasma etching apparatus shown in FIG. 2 is configured as a capacitively coupled parallel plate plasma etching apparatus, and has, for example, a substantially cylindrical chamber (processing vessel) 10 made of aluminum whose surface is anodized.
- the chamber 10 is grounded for safety.
- a cylindrical susceptor support 14 is disposed at the bottom of the chamber 10 via an insulating plate 12 made of ceramics or the like, and a susceptor 16 made of, for example, aluminum is provided on the susceptor support 14.
- the susceptor 16 constitutes a lower electrode, on which a semiconductor wafer W as an object to be processed is placed.
- an electrostatic chuck 18 for attracting and holding the semiconductor wafer W with an electrostatic force is provided.
- the electrostatic chuck 18 has a structure in which an electrode 20 made of a conductive film is sandwiched between a pair of insulating layers or insulating sheets, and a DC power source 22 is electrically connected to the electrode 20.
- the semiconductor wafer W is attracted and held on the electrostatic chuck 18 by an electrostatic force such as a Coulomb force generated by a DC voltage from the DC power supply 22.
- a refrigerant chamber 28 is provided on the circumference.
- a refrigerant having a predetermined temperature for example, cooling water, is circulated and supplied to the refrigerant chamber from a chiller unit (not shown) provided outside through the pipes 30a and 30b.
- a chiller unit not shown
- a heat transfer gas from a heat transfer gas supply mechanism (not shown), such as He gas, is supplied between the upper surface of the electrostatic chuck 18 and the back surface of the semiconductor wafer W via the gas supply line 32.
- an upper electrode 34 is provided in parallel to face the susceptor 16.
- a space between the upper and lower electrodes 34 and 16 becomes a plasma generation space.
- the upper electrode 34 is opposed to the semiconductor wafer W on the susceptor 16 as a lower electrode, and forms a surface in contact with the plasma generation space, that is, an opposed surface.
- the upper electrode 34 is supported on the upper part of the chamber 10 via an insulating shielding member 42. Further, the upper electrode 34 constitutes a surface facing the susceptor 16 and has a large number of discharge holes 37.
- the upper electrode 34 removably supports the electrode plate 36, and is a water-cooled structure made of a conductive material such as aluminum. Electrode support 38.
- the electrode plate 36 is preferably a low resistance conductor or semiconductor with little Joule heat. Further, as described later, a silicon-containing material is preferable from the viewpoint of strengthening the resist. From such a viewpoint, the electrode plate 36 is preferably made of silicon or SiC.
- a gas diffusion chamber 40 is provided inside the electrode support 38, and a number of gas flow holes 41 communicating with the gas discharge holes 37 extend downward from the gas diffusion chamber 40.
- a gas inlet 62 for introducing a processing gas to the gas diffusion chamber 40 is formed.
- a gas supply pipe 64 is connected to the gas introduction port 62, and a processing gas supply source 66 is connected to the gas supply pipe 64.
- the processing gas supply source 66 is controlled by the control unit 100 and can supply a plurality of types of processing gases for a predetermined amount of time according to the process.
- the gas supply pipe 64 is provided with a mass flow controller (MFC) 68 and an opening / closing valve 70 in order from the upstream side to control the supply amount of the processing gas (FCS may be used instead of MFC).
- MFC mass flow controller
- the above-mentioned processing gas reaches the gas diffusion chamber 40 from the gas supply pipe 64 through the gas supply hole 41 and the gas discharge hole 37 from the processing gas supply source 66.
- the upper electrode 34 functions as a shower head for supplying the processing gas.
- a first DC power supply 50 is electrically connected to the upper electrode 34 via a low pass filter (LPF) 46a.
- the first DC power supply 50 is connected so that the negative electrode is on the upper electrode 34 side, and a negative (minus) voltage is applied to the upper electrode 34.
- the low-pass filter (LPF) 46a traps high frequencies from first and second high-frequency power sources, which will be described later, and is preferably composed of an LR filter or an LC filter.
- the cylindrical grounding conductor 10 a is provided so as to extend from the side wall of the chamber 10 above the height position of the upper electrode 34.
- a first high-frequency power supply 48 for generating plasma is electrically connected to the susceptor 16 serving as the lower electrode via a first matching unit 46.
- the first high frequency power supply 48 outputs a high frequency power of 27 to 100 MHz, for example, 40 MHz.
- the first matching unit 46 matches the load impedance with the internal (or output) impedance of the first high-frequency power source 48, and the output impedance of the first high-frequency power source 48 when plasma is generated in the chamber 10. And the load impedance seem to match.
- the first matching unit 46 includes a first variable capacitor 97 that is branched from the power supply line 96 of the first high-frequency power supply 46, and a first branching point of the power supply line 96.
- the second variable capacitor 98 provided on the high frequency power supply 48 side and the coil 99 provided on the opposite side of the branch point.
- the susceptor 16 is also electrically connected to the second high frequency power supply 90 via the second matching unit 88.
- the second high frequency power supply 90 outputs a high frequency power of a frequency within a range of 400 kHz to 13.56 MHz, for example, 3 MHz.
- the second matching unit 88 is for matching the load impedance with the internal (or output) impedance of the second high-frequency power source 90, and when the plasma is generated in the chamber 10, It functions so that the impedance and the load impedance including the plasma in the chamber 10 seem to coincide.
- the first DC power supply 50, the first high-frequency power supply 48, the second high-frequency power supply 90, the first matching unit 46, and the second matching unit 88 are electrically connected to the power supply controller 95. It is controlled by the power supply controller 95.
- the power supply controller 95 can turn on / off the first high frequency power supply 48 and control the output. Specifically, a state in which the first high frequency power supply 48 is continuously turned on and plasma is generated and alternately turned on and off, for example, in a pulse form, a state where the plasma is present and a state where the plasma is extinguished. It can be controlled to be alternately formed.
- the second high-frequency power supply 90 for bias can be turned on / off and the output can be controlled.
- the second high-frequency power supply 90 is in a state in which a bias is continuously applied at a predetermined output during plasma processing. Can be controlled in synchronism with the on / off of the first high frequency power supply 48, for example, to control a pulsed output.
- the power supply controller 95 can perform on / off control and current / voltage control of the first DC power supply 50.
- the first high frequency power supply 48 is configured such that the power supply controller 95 performs matching in the first matching unit 46 in the mode in which the high frequency power is turned on / off in a predetermined cycle. The operation is controlled to be switched in synchronization with this on / off.
- the power controller 95 when the power supply controller 95 operates the first high-frequency power supply unit 48 in the on / off mode and the variable capacitor cannot follow on / off, the power controller 95 performs the operation of the first matching unit 46. It is preferable to control so that it is not performed.
- the second matching unit 88 is basically configured in the same manner as the first matching unit 46, and the power supply controller 95 outputs the output of the second high frequency power supply 90 to the on / off state of the first high frequency power supply 48. When the output of the variable capacitor cannot follow the on / off in synchronization with the output, it is preferable to control so that the operation of the second matching unit 88 is not performed.
- the first matching unit 46 is connected to the internal impedance of the first high-frequency power source 48 at high output.
- the second matching unit 88 is operated so that the load impedance including the plasma in the chamber 10 coincides with the load impedance including the plasma in the chamber 10. Control may be performed so as to perform an operation that matches the impedance.
- An exhaust port 80 is provided at the bottom of the chamber 10, and an exhaust device 84 is connected to the exhaust port 80 via an exhaust pipe 82.
- the exhaust device 84 has a vacuum pump such as a turbo molecular pump, and can reduce the pressure in the chamber 10 to a desired degree of vacuum.
- a loading / unloading port 85 for the semiconductor wafer W is provided on the side wall of the chamber 10, and the loading / unloading port 85 can be opened and closed by a gate valve 86.
- a deposition shield 11 is detachably provided in order to prevent etching by-products (depots) from adhering to the chamber 10 along the inner wall of the chamber 10. That is, the deposition shield 11 forms a chamber wall.
- the deposition shield 11 is also provided on the outer periphery of the inner wall member 26.
- An exhaust plate 83 is provided between the deposition shield 11 on the chamber wall side at the bottom of the chamber 10 and the deposition shield 11 on the inner wall member 26 side.
- an aluminum material coated with ceramics such as Y 2 O 3 can be suitably used.
- a conductive member (GND block) 91 connected to the ground in a DC manner is provided at a portion of the deposit shield 11 that is substantially the same height as the wafer W that constitutes the inner wall of the chamber, thereby preventing abnormal discharge. Demonstrate the effect.
- this electroconductive member 91 is provided in the plasma production
- Each component (for example, power supply system, gas supply system, drive system, power supply controller 95, etc.) of the plasma processing apparatus is connected to and controlled by a control unit (overall control device) 100 including a microprocessor (computer). It has become. Also connected to the control unit 100 is a user interface 101 including a keyboard for an operator to input commands for managing the plasma processing apparatus, a display for visualizing and displaying the operating status of the plasma processing apparatus, and the like. ing.
- control unit 100 causes each component of the plasma processing apparatus to execute processing according to a control program for realizing various processings executed by the plasma processing apparatus under the control of the control unit 100 and processing conditions.
- a storage unit 102 in which a program (that is, a processing recipe) for storing is stored is connected.
- the processing recipe is stored in a storage medium in the storage unit 102.
- the storage medium may be a hard disk or semiconductor memory, or may be portable such as a CDROM, DVD, flash memory or the like.
- the processing in the plasma processing apparatus is performed under the control of the control unit 100 by calling an arbitrary processing recipe from the storage unit 102 and causing the control unit 100 to execute it according to an instruction from the user interface 101 as necessary. Is called.
- a semiconductor wafer W having a structure in which an insulating film is formed on a Si substrate and a hard mask film as an etching mask is formed thereon is prepared.
- plasma etching is performed on the insulating film will be described, the present invention is not limited to this.
- the gate valve 86 is opened, and the semiconductor wafer W having the above-described configuration is loaded into the chamber 10 via the loading / unloading port 85 and placed on the susceptor 16.
- the gate valve 86 is closed, and the first processing gas is supplied from the processing gas supply source 66 to the gas diffusion chamber 40 at a predetermined flow rate while the chamber 10 is exhausted by the exhaust device 84.
- the first processing gas is supplied into the chamber 10 through the gas flow hole 41 and the gas discharge hole 37, and the pressure in the chamber is set to a set value within a range of 0.75 to 113 mmTorr, for example.
- plasma etching is performed on the wafer W by applying predetermined high-frequency power and direct current voltage.
- the semiconductor wafer W is fixed to the electrostatic chuck 18 by applying a DC voltage from the DC power source 22 to the electrode 20 of the electrostatic chuck 18.
- a first processing gas having high adhesion is used, and a high frequency for generating plasma is normally generated from the first high frequency power supply 48 at a frequency of 27 to 100 MHz. Apply power. Further, high frequency power for ion attraction having a frequency of 400 kHz to 13.56 MHz is applied from the second high frequency power supply 90. Exemplifying frequencies that can be taken by the first high-frequency power and the second high-frequency power, examples of the first high-frequency power include 27 MHz, 40 MHz, 60 MHz, 80 MHz, and 100 MHz.
- Examples include 400 kHz, 800 kHz, 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 3 MHz, 13 MHz, and 13.6 MHz.
- the present invention is not limited in this respect because it can be used in an appropriate combination depending on the process.
- the first process gas discharged from the gas discharge hole 37 formed in the electrode plate 36 of the upper electrode 34 is turned into plasma in the glow discharge between the upper electrode 34 and the susceptor 16 as the lower electrode generated by the high frequency power. .
- the insulating film of the semiconductor wafer W is etched by the positive ions and radicals generated by the plasma using the hard mask film as an etching mask.
- plasma can be generated at a position closer to the wafer by applying high-frequency power for plasma formation to the lower electrode.
- the etching rate can be increased even under conditions where the pressure in the chamber 10 is high and the plasma density is low.
- the plasma formation function and the ion attraction function necessary for plasma etching can be independently performed by separately applying high frequency power for plasma formation and high frequency power for ion attraction to the lower electrode. It becomes possible to control. Therefore, it is possible to satisfy the etching conditions that require high fine workability.
- high frequency power in a high frequency region of 27 MHz or higher is supplied for plasma generation, the plasma can be densified in a preferable state, and high density plasma can be generated even under lower pressure conditions. .
- a negative DC voltage is applied from the variable DC power supply 50 to the upper electrode 34, so that positive ions in the plasma collide with the upper electrode 34 and secondary electrons are generated in the vicinity thereof.
- the generated secondary electrons are accelerated downward in the vertical direction, and the accelerated secondary electrons (fast electrons) are supplied to the semiconductor wafer W that is the object to be processed.
- Etching proceeds with the positive ions in the plasma dominant.
- the contact hole formed by etching is shallow, and electrons reach the etching surface, and charges are neutralized even if positive ions are supplied to the etching surface. Therefore, the etching proceeds normally.
- the second etching step is performed.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a timing chart showing the states of the first high-frequency power source, the second high-frequency power source, and the first DC power source in the plasma etching method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- 5A is a schematic diagram showing the behavior of secondary electrons generated by applying a negative DC voltage at the upper electrode when the plasma sheath is thick.
- FIG. 5B is a schematic diagram showing the plasma sheath. The schematic diagram which shows the behavior of the secondary electron which generate
- the first high frequency power supply 48 for generating plasma is alternately turned on and off, and the second bias application second bias is applied in synchronization therewith.
- the high frequency power supply 90 is turned on and off alternately. That is, the state in which plasma (glow plasma) is generated by the first high-frequency power supply 48 (plasma on) and the state in which the glow plasma disappears (plasma off) are alternately repeated in pulses.
- a negative DC voltage is applied from the variable DC power supply 50 to the upper electrode 34, so that positive ions in the plasma collide with the upper electrode 34 and are in the vicinity of the upper electrode 34. Secondary electrons are generated. The generated secondary electrons are accelerated downward in the vertical direction of the processing space by the potential difference between the DC voltage value applied to the upper electrode 34 from the variable DC power supply 50 and the plasma potential. At this time, by making the polarity, voltage value, and current value of the variable DC power supply desired, secondary electrons (fast electrons) are irradiated onto the semiconductor wafer. However, as shown in “a” of FIG.
- the plasma sheath of the plasma generated by the first high-frequency power supply 48 and the second high-frequency power supply 90 for applying a bias are used. Together with the plasma sheath generated by the above, a thick plasma sheath S is formed. Therefore, secondary electrons are reflected by the plasma sheath.
- the first high frequency power supply 48 and the second high frequency power supply 90 are off during the plasma off period. Therefore, the plasma sheath disappears almost completely, and secondary electrons (fast electrons) can easily reach the semiconductor wafer W.
- the applied voltage is applied from the first DC power supply 50 to the upper electrode 34 in the plasma off period rather than the plasma on period in synchronization with the plasma on / off.
- a negative DC voltage is applied so that the absolute value becomes large.
- the secondary electrons irradiated and supplied by the above-described process modify the composition of the etching mask (in particular, an organic mask such as ArF photoresist), and the etching mask is strengthened. Therefore, the amount of secondary electrons generated in the vicinity of the upper electrode 34 is controlled by the applied voltage value and applied current value of the variable DC power supply 50, and further, the acceleration voltage of the secondary electrons to the wafer is controlled, thereby providing an etching mask.
- strengthening with respect to can be aimed at.
- the effect of improving the plasma resistance of the etching mask is particularly great when an organic mask having low plasma resistance such as ArF photoresist is used as the etching mask.
- a processing gas is used in which the protective film is thinly adhered inside the hole to suppress necking, and the radical adherence to the etching target film is low.
- the plasma resistance of the etching mask (particularly, the organic mask) can be improved by the secondary electrons supplied into the holes by the above-described process. Therefore, even in HARC etching, it is possible to effectively prevent the remaining film of the etching mask from being lowered.
- FIG. 6 illustrates the relationship between the on / off state of plasma accompanying the on / off of high-frequency power and the incident electron current (A) to the semiconductor wafer W, which is an index of the amount of electrons incident on the semiconductor wafer W.
- A incident electron current
- FIG. 6 illustrates the relationship between the on / off state of plasma accompanying the on / off of high-frequency power and the incident electron current (A) to the semiconductor wafer W, which is an index of the amount of electrons incident on the semiconductor wafer W.
- An example of the graph is shown.
- the incident electron current increases during the period when the plasma is turned off by turning off the radio frequency (RF) power, and more electrons are supplied during the plasma off period than during the plasma on period. I understand.
- RF radio frequency
- the direct-current voltage applied during the plasma-on period may be set to a value corresponding to the plasma to be formed, for example, about 0 to ⁇ 300V.
- the absolute value of the DC voltage applied during the plasma off period only needs to be larger than that during the plasma on period. However, in consideration of the durability of the apparatus, the absolute value is preferably smaller than ⁇ 2000V.
- the plasma off period is preferably 50 ⁇ sec or less. If the plasma off period exceeds 50 ⁇ sec, the time during which the plasma does not contribute to etching becomes long and the efficiency decreases.
- the pulse interval by shortening the period from plasma off to the next plasma off, that is, the pulse interval, the timing at which secondary electrons flow into the semiconductor wafer W increases, and the amount of secondary electrons supplied into the holes is reduced. Since it increases, it is preferable. For example, it can be set to 50 ⁇ sec (20 kHz), 100 ⁇ sec (10 kHz), or the like.
- the pulse interval may be decreased step by step. For example, in FIG. 4, the interval Sa of the preceding pulse is equal to the interval Sb of the next pulse. That is, in FIG.
- the interval Sb of the next pulse may be made shorter than the interval Sa of the preceding pulse, that is, the interval of the pulses may be controlled so that Sa> Sb.
- the ratio of the plasma on period to the period from plasma off to the next plasma off can be set to 70%, for example.
- the DC voltage from the first DC power supply 50 may be turned off during the plasma on period and turned on during the plasma off period.
- a high argon gas flow rate is preferable because the amount of secondary electrons generated in the vicinity of the upper electrode can be increased.
- 275 sccm or 550 sccm can be set.
- the first high frequency power supply 48 applies a high frequency power for plasma generation of 27 to 100 MHz, for example, 40 MHz.
- the second high frequency power supply 90 applies a high frequency power of 400 kHz to 13.56 MHz, for example, 3 MHz for ion attraction.
- the mask selectivity is increased by using radicals having high adhesion.
- the second etching step necking is suppressed by using radicals having lower adhesion than in the first etching step.
- the plasma on and plasma off periods are alternately formed in a pulse shape, and the absolute value of the applied voltage is larger in the plasma off period than in the plasma on period in synchronization with the plasma on and off.
- a negative DC voltage is applied to the mask to effectively prevent the mask residual film from being lowered.
- the necking since the necking is small, it is possible to prevent the etching rate from being lowered.
- the bottom CD (Btm CD) which is the CD value at the bottom of the hole can be secured. That is, it is possible to provide a plasma etching method in which a hole has a good vertical shape and can realize a high aspect ratio.
- This embodiment is not limited to the first etching step and the second etching step, and may include a third etching step.
- a third processing gas having an adhesive radical between the first processing gas and the second processing gas is used between the first etching step and the second etching step described above. You may have a 3rd etching process.
- An object to be processed was used in which an oxide film was formed on a silicon substrate, a nitride film and an oxide film were sequentially stacked thereon as a hard mask, and Poly-Si was further stacked.
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram for explaining the vertical shape of the contact hole after the plasma etching method of the first embodiment and the comparative example. Note that “a” in FIG. 7 and “c” in FIG. 7 are views after the first embodiment, and “b” in FIG. 7 and “d” in FIG. 7 are views after the comparative example.
- the bowing CD is substantially the same in the plasma etching method of the first embodiment and the comparative example.
- the bottom CD is greatly expanded in the same etching time. That is, it can be seen that the bottom CD can be secured while suppressing the bowing CD to the same extent, and the vertical shape of the contact hole can be improved.
- the bowing CD refers to the diameter of the portion most widened by bowing in the contact hole.
- “c” in FIG. 7 and “d” in FIG. 7 indicate the ratio (Btm / Bow ratio) between the bowing CD and the bottom CD in order to grasp the etching shape property with higher accuracy.
- the bottom CD can be secured while suppressing the bowing CD by using the method of the first embodiment.
- the method of the first embodiment supplies a larger amount of secondary electrons onto the semiconductor wafer than the method of the comparative example, so that it can be seen that the amount of remaining film of the Poly-Si mask is large.
- FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram for explaining the vertical shape of the contact hole after the plasma etching method of the second embodiment and the comparative example.
- “a” in FIG. 8 and “c” in FIG. 8 are diagrams after the second embodiment
- “b” in FIG. 8 and “d” in FIG. 8 are diagrams after the comparative example.
- the plasma etching method of the second embodiment significantly suppressed the bowing CD as compared with the plasma etching method of the comparative example.
- the bottom CD is greatly expanded in the same etching time by using the method of the second embodiment. That is, it can be seen that the bottom CD can be secured while suppressing the bowing CD, and the vertical shape of the contact hole can be improved.
- the bottom CD can be secured while suppressing the bowing CD.
- the amount of remaining film of the Poly-Si mask is also large in the method of the second embodiment because more secondary electrons are supplied onto the semiconductor wafer as compared with the method of the comparative example.
- Table 1 shows the mask selection ratio under each etching condition.
- the DC sync pulse in Table 1 means that the plasma on and plasma off periods are alternately formed in a pulse shape, and in synchronization with the plasma on and off, the plasma off period is greater than the plasma on period. This refers to etching when a negative DC voltage is applied to the upper electrode so that the absolute value of the applied voltage is increased.
- the synchro pulse refers to etching in the case where the DC voltage from the first DC power supply is made constant and the plasma-on and plasma-off periods are alternately formed in pulses.
- the mask selection ratio is also increased by shortening the pulse interval of the high frequency power supply. This is due to an increase in the amount of secondary electrons supplied into the contact hole due to an increase in the number of secondary electron implantations in a state where the glow plasma has disappeared.
- the plasma etching method according to the embodiment of the present invention has been described above.
- the plasma etching method according to the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment and can be variously modified.
- the plasma etching apparatus for carrying out the present invention is not limited to the one exemplified in the above embodiment, and for example, one high-frequency power source for generating plasma may be provided in the lower electrode.
- the 1st DC voltage was applied in the case of plasma etching, it is not essential.
- the method of alternately forming the plasma-on and plasma-off periods in a pulse shape can be applied to the first etching process and the third etching process of the above embodiment.
Abstract
Description
被処理体の戴置台として機能する下部電極と、前記下部電極に対向して配置される上部電極を有するプラズマエッチング装置を用いたプラズマエッチング方法であって、フルオロカーボン系ガスを含む第1の処理ガスを用いてプラズマエッチングする第1のエッチング工程と、フルオロカーボン系ガスを含む第2の処理ガスであって、該第2の処理ガスのラジカルの被処理体に対する付着性が前記第1の処理ガスのラジカルの前記被処理体に対する付着性より小さい前記第2の処理ガスを用いてプラズマエッチングする第2のエッチング工程と、を含み、前記第2のエッチング工程は、プラズマ生成用の高周波電力をオンにする第1条件と該高周波電力をオフにする第2条件とを交互に繰り返しながら、前記第1条件の期間よりも前記第2条件の期間の方が印加電圧の絶対値が大きくなるように、前記上部電極に負の直流電圧を印加するプラズマエッチング方法が提供される。
まず、本実施形態で使用できる処理ガスについて説明する。
次に、本発明の第1の実施形態のプラズマエッチング装置について説明する。図2は、本発明の第1の実施形態に係るプラズマエッチング方法を実施することが可能なプラズマエッチング装置の一例を示す概略断面図である。
次に、上述の処理ガスとプラズマエッチング装置とを用いて行われる、第1の実施形態に係るプラズマエッチング方法について説明する。
|Va|―|Vb|>0
となる。プラズマオフの期間に、印加電圧の絶対値が大きくなるように負の直流電圧を印加することにより、より多くの2次電子をホール内に供給することができる。
次に、この実施形態の方法の効果を確認した実験について説明する。
(1ステップ(前記第1のエッチング工程))
エッチングガス:C4F6/Ar/O2=80/400/60sccm
圧力:20mTorr
第1の高周波電源の出力:1700W
第2の高周波電源の出力:6600W
高周波電源のパルスの間隔:10kHz(100μsec)
第1の直流電源からの直流電圧:150V(プラズマオン時)、500V(プラズマオフ時)
エッチング時間:180sec
(2ステップ(前記第3のエッチング工程))
エッチングガス:C4F6/C4F8/Ar/O2=40/40/400/50sccm
圧力:20mTorr
第1の高周波電源の出力:1700W
第2の高周波電源の出力:6600W
高周波電源のパルスの間隔:10kHz(100μsec)
第1の直流電源からの直流電圧:150V(プラズマオン時)、600V(プラズマオフ時)
エッチング時間:400sec(ジャストエッチ)
(3ステップ(前記第2のエッチング工程))
エッチングガス:C4F8/Ar/O2=80/550/37sccm
圧力:20mTorr
第1の高周波電源の出力:1700W
第2の高周波電源の出力:6600W
高周波電源のパルスの間隔:20kHz(50μsec)
第1の直流電源からの直流電圧:150V(プラズマオン時)、1000V(プラズマオフ時)
エッチング時間:180sec(オーバーエッチ)
この時、比較例として、3ステップ(前記第2のエッチング工程)において、第1の直流電源からの直流電圧を一定(150V)にした以外は、第1の実施形態と同様の工程により、プラズマエッチングを行った。
第1の実施形態における、3ステップ(前記第2のエッチング工程)のレシピを変更した以外は、第1の実施形態と同様の工程により、プラズマエッチングを施した。具体的なエッチング条件は、下記に示す。
(1ステップ(前記第1のエッチング工程))
エッチングガス:C4F6/Ar/O2=80/400/60sccm
圧力:20mTorr
第1の高周波電源の出力:1700W
第2の高周波電源の出力:6600W
高周波電源のパルスの間隔:10kHz(100μsec)
第1の直流電源からの直流電圧:150V(プラズマオン時)、500V(プラズマオフ時)
エッチング時間:180sec
(2ステップ(前記第3のエッチング工程))
エッチングガス:C4F6/C4F8/Ar/O2=40/40/400/50sccm
圧力:20mTorr
第1の高周波電源の出力:1700W
第2の高周波電源の出力:6600W
高周波電源のパルスの間隔:10kHz(100μsec)
第1の直流電源からの直流電圧:150V(プラズマオン時)、600V(プラズマオフ時)
エッチング時間:400sec(ジャストエッチ)
(3ステップ(前記第2のエッチング工程))
エッチングガス:C4F8/Ar/O2=100/550/37sccm
圧力:20mTorr
第1の高周波電源の出力:1700W
第2の高周波電源の出力:6600W
高周波電源のパルスの間隔:20kHz(50μsec)
第1の直流電源からの直流電圧:150V(プラズマオン時)、1000V(プラズマオフ時)
エッチング時間:180sec(オーバーエッチ)
図8に第2の実施形態及び比較例のプラズマエッチング方法後の、コンタクトホールの垂直形状を説明するための概略図を示す。なお、図8の「a」及び図8の「c」が第2の実施形態後の図であり、図8の「b」及び図8の「d」は比較例後の図である。
本実施形態は、前述の通り、先ず、プラズマエッチング方法の第1のエッチング工程として、付着性が高いラジカルを使用してマスク選択比を高める。続いて第2のエッチング工程として、付着性が低いラジカルを使用して、ネッキングを抑制する。この時、プラズマオンとプラズマオフの期間をパルス状に交互に形成させ、さらに、プラズマのオン・オフに同期してプラズマオンの期間よりもプラズマオフの期間のほうが印加電圧の絶対値が大きくなるように負の直流電圧を印加し、マスク残膜の低下を効果的に防ぐ。
2 絶縁膜
3 エッチングマスク
4 ホール
5 保護膜
10 チャンバ(処理容器)
16 サセプタ(下部電極)
34 上部電極
46 第1の整合器
48 第1の高周波電源
50 第1の直流電源
66 処理ガス供給源
84 排気装置
88 第2の整合器
90 第2の高周波電源
95 電源コントローラ
100 制御部
102 記憶部
W 半導体ウエハ(被処理体)
Claims (5)
- 被処理体の戴置台として機能する下部電極と、前記下部電極に対向して配置される上部電極を有するプラズマエッチング装置を用いたプラズマエッチング方法であって、
フルオロカーボン系ガスを含む第1の処理ガスを用いてプラズマエッチングする第1のエッチング工程と、
フルオロカーボン系ガスを含む第2の処理ガスであって、該第2の処理ガスのラジカルの被処理体に対する付着性が前記第1の処理ガスのラジカルの前記被処理体に対する付着性より小さい前記第2の処理ガスを用いてプラズマエッチングする第2のエッチング工程と、
を含み、
前記第2のエッチング工程は、プラズマ生成用の高周波電力をオンにする第1条件と該高周波電力をオフにする第2条件とを交互に繰り返しながら、前記第1条件の期間よりも前記第2条件の期間の方が印加電圧の絶対値が大きくなるように、前記上部電極に負の直流電圧を印加するプラズマエッチング方法。 - 前記第1のエッチング工程と前記第2のエッチング工程との間に、フルオロカーボン系ガスを含む第3の処理ガスを用いてプラズマエッチングする第3のエッチング工程を更に含み、
前記第3の処理ガスのラジカルの被処理体に対する付着性は、前記第1の処理ガスのラジカルの前記被処理体に対する付着性より小さく、前記第2の処理ガスのラジカルの前記被処理体に対する付着性より大きい、
請求項1に記載のプラズマエッチング方法。 - 前記第2条件の期間の間隔を段階的に減少させながらプラズマエッチングする、請求項1に記載のプラズマエッチング方法。
- 前記第1の処理ガスに含まれるフルオロカーボン系ガスはC4F6であり、前記第2の処理ガスに含まれるフルオロカーボン系ガスはC4F8である、請求項1に記載のプラズマエッチング方法。
- Poly-Si層をマスクとして、酸化シリコン膜をエッチングする、請求項1に記載のプラズマエッチング方法。
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Also Published As
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KR101895437B1 (ko) | 2018-09-05 |
TW201324610A (zh) | 2013-06-16 |
TWI540637B (zh) | 2016-07-01 |
JP5893864B2 (ja) | 2016-03-23 |
JP2013033856A (ja) | 2013-02-14 |
US9034198B2 (en) | 2015-05-19 |
KR20140051282A (ko) | 2014-04-30 |
US20140144876A1 (en) | 2014-05-29 |
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