WO2012172594A1 - 数値制御装置 - Google Patents
数値制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012172594A1 WO2012172594A1 PCT/JP2011/003367 JP2011003367W WO2012172594A1 WO 2012172594 A1 WO2012172594 A1 WO 2012172594A1 JP 2011003367 W JP2011003367 W JP 2011003367W WO 2012172594 A1 WO2012172594 A1 WO 2012172594A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/182—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by the machine tool function, e.g. thread cutting, cam making, tool direction control
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/49—Nc machine tool, till multiple
- G05B2219/49313—Machining about eccentric center different from rotational center of workpiece
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/50—Machine tool, machine tool null till machine tool work handling
- G05B2219/50008—Multiple, multi tool head, parallel machining
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a workpiece machining technique using a numerically controlled lathe controlled by a numerical control (hereinafter abbreviated as NC) device. More specifically, the present invention relates to an eccentric machining that is parallel to a workpiece diameter direction plane perpendicular to the XZ plane and is separated from the center of the rotating workpiece in lathe machining, so-called D cut.
- NC numerical control
- the C-axis that is gripped by a workpiece and whose rotational position is controlled the X-axis that is position-controlled so as to move toward and away from the center of the C-axis, and similarly in the axial direction of the C-axis
- a machine having a moving Z-axis and a turret axis (H-axis) that is driven by the X-axis and the Z-axis and is rotatable at an arbitrary angle perpendicular to the C-axis axis.
- H-axis turret axis
- the circumferential direction of the workpiece can be planarized by a virtual Y axis that does not actually exist. This processing is called D-cut because a part of the circular cross-section is linearly cut and a cross-section similar to the letter D is obtained.
- a plane that is separated from the center by an arbitrary distance is assumed in the radial direction of the workpiece gripped on the C axis, and the rotary tool on the H axis is set to the C axis with respect to the C axis central direction.
- the H-axis is rotated so that the tool is directed in that direction, and the C-axis is rotated so as to be perpendicular to the tool.
- This series of control is realized by continuously performing the speed on the virtual Y axis from the one end to the other end of the surface assumed on the workpiece circumference of the C axis so as to become the command speed.
- JP-A-2000-218422 (Related description: 5th page, 7th column, 25th line to 34th line, 10th page, 18th column, 25th line to 11th page, 19th column, 32nd line, FIG. 7 to FIG. 7)
- JP-A-60-04239 (Related description: Page 3, column 1, line 7 to line 15, page 7, column 4, line 16 to page 8, column 1, line 7, line 10) (3rd column, 6th line to 18th line, linear shape of FIGS. 11 and 12, FIG. 42)
- one side of the circular cross section of the workpiece is cut off with a straight line, but this is cut with a curve represented by a convex or concave arc (in this specification, for the sake of easy distinction (straight line) D
- a curve represented by a convex or concave arc in this specification, for the sake of easy distinction (straight line) D
- the circumferential direction in the X-axis direction (in order to be movable in the X-axis direction around the C-axis gripping the workpiece) (
- a turret shaft (H axis) capable of swinging (in the radial direction of the workpiece) is arranged, and the H axis can be controlled to rotate at an arbitrary angle.
- the Z-axis operating direction is a direction perpendicular to the XY plane and the H-axis C-axis operating surface, and does not affect the basic operation of the present invention. I will omit the explanation.
- FIG. 15 shows a state in which a so-called double D-cut process is performed in which the both ends in the diameter direction of a cylindrical body are scraped off by the machine having the configuration shown in FIG. Specifically, in a state where the tool is changed to a milling tool and the C-axis mode is selected, the machine is controlled as follows to perform double D-cut processing.
- a main set consisting of an X1 axis, a Z1 axis, a first turret axis (H1 axis), an X2 axis, a Z2 axis, a second axis
- H1 axis a first turret axis
- X2 axis a first turret axis
- Z2 axis a second axis
- Tx indicates the tool length
- Ty indicates the tool radius.
- a numerical control device for controlling this new machine that is, a main set including an X1 axis, a Z1 axis, and a first turret axis, an X2 axis, a Z2 axis, a second
- a numerical control device that can simultaneously control a subset of turret axes and simultaneously perform double D-cut processing such as straight lines and circular arcs.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a numerical control device capable of controlling the machine with the above-described new configuration so that double cut processing such as straight lines and arcs can be performed in a short processing time.
- the present invention also has different dimensions (tool length, tool diameter, etc.) of the tools attached to each turret, causing a difference in the swing angle between the two turret shafts, and the amount of machining movement between the two turret shafts.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a numerical control device capable of controlling a machine with the above-described new configuration so that a double-cut machining such as a straight line or an arc can be accurately performed in a short machining time even when a difference occurs. To do.
- the numerical control device includes a main set including the X1 axis, the Z1 axis and the first turret axis and a subset including the X2 axis, the Z2 axis and the second turret axis with respect to one C axis.
- a numerical control device for controlling a machine arranged symmetrically with respect to a point, For each of the turret shaft of the main set and the turret shaft of the subset, a reference side and a synchronization side are selectively designated, and a mode in which the other is synchronized and operated simultaneously using the output of the turret shaft of one set is selected.
- the numerical control device compares the turret shaft angle of the main set on which the tool is mounted with the turret shaft angle of the subset on which the tool is mounted in the numerical control device, and determines whether the angle between both turrets is different. If the angle between the turret is different from the result of determination by the turret axis calculation reference determination means and the turret axis calculation reference determination means, the turret axis angle on the side where the turret axis angle is small is large.
- Recalculation control processing means for recalculating the actual movement amount of the tool so as to match the turret axis angle on the side, and recalculating the command speed given to the side with the larger turret axis angle
- the H-axis command selection means selects the rotation angle control data for both turret axes and C-axis from the set on the side with the smaller turret axis angle.
- the numerical control device compares the actual movement amount of the tool on the turret shaft of the main set on which the tool is mounted with the actual movement amount of the tool on the turret shaft of the subset on which the tool is mounted.
- the turret axis calculation reference determination means for determining whether or not the actual movement amount of the tool between the turrets is different, and the determination result by the turret axis calculation reference determination means is the actual movement of the tool after the tool correction between the turrets.
- Recalculation control processing means for recalculating the command speed to be given to the side where the actual movement amount is smaller when the amount is different.
- the H-axis command selection means selects the rotation angle control data for both turret axes and C-axis from the set on the side where the actual movement amount of the tool is large.
- a main set including the X1 axis, the Z1 axis, and the first turret axis and a subset including the X2 axis, the Z2 axis, and the second turret axis are symmetric with respect to one C axis. Since the main set and the subset in the arranged machine can be controlled at the same time, a double cut process such as a straight line or an arc can be performed in about half of the conventional time.
- the dimensions (tool length, tool diameter, etc.) of the tools attached to each turret are different, and there is a difference in the swing angle between the two turret shafts. Even when there is a difference in the amount, double-cutting such as straight lines and arcs can be performed with high accuracy in about half of the conventional time.
- Example 1 A first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1, 2, 6, and 7.
- FIG. 1 this Example 1 is an Example in case the dimensional specifications of the tool attached to the turret 1 and the turret 2 are the same (a tool length, a tool diameter, etc. are the same), as shown in FIG. FIG.
- FIG. 1 shows a machine having a new configuration according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention (a main set including an X1 axis, a Z1 axis, and a first turret axis (H1 axis) with respect to one C axis, an X2 axis, The operation of the simultaneous D-cut processing performed by controlling a Z2 axis and a subset of the second turret axis (H2 axis) in a point-symmetric manner is shown.
- FIG. 1 also shows a program example of each system. Based on the contents of the blocks with sequence numbers N101 to N103, the reference axis and the synchronization axis move in the same way and D-cut is performed at the same time.
- the tool direction and the virtual plane X-axis direction are made parallel (G0Xx1C0H0; is commanded for each system).
- the tool tip (center) is positioned at a position x1 away from the C-axis center in the X-axis direction, and the C-axis and H-axis are positioned at 0 degrees (state (1) in FIG. 1).
- a virtual Y axis interpolation mode command (here, for example, M37) is commanded by the machining program of the main set (system 1 $ 1) to set the virtual Y axis interpolation mode.
- these commands are G17 commands for selecting an XY plane for biaxial interpolation with two axes X and Y, and virtual Y for establishing a virtual Y-axis interpolation mode.
- a command G0Xx1C0H0
- the C-axis angle is calculated so that the tool edge center is located at the virtual Y-axis position set on the coordinate system of the workpiece end surface. Then, the C axis and the H axis are rotated and the center of the H axis is moved on the X axis. Further, when the amount of eccentricity from the C-axis center of the D-cut surface is commanded as Xu1, the tool center is moved so that the tip of the tool coincides with the eccentric virtual Y-axis of the rotated C-axis ((3) in FIG. 1). State).
- the machining program for one cutting process for the main set (system 1) can simultaneously perform D-cut machining on both the front and back sides. As described above, this control can be performed with the main set. This is limited to the case where tools having the same dimensional specifications are equally mounted on each turret shaft of the subset.
- the subset uses the program value commanded for the main set, performs interpolation calculation and real axis coordinate conversion to convert the X axis data to the X2 axis, and the X axis data calculated on the main set side
- the operations of the turret 1, turret 2 and C-axis can be executed synchronously to execute simultaneous D-cut machining.
- FIG. 2 shows a case where tools having the same tool length and the same tool diameter are equally attached to both turrets.
- 3 is a case where the tool length of the tool attached to the turret 2 is longer than the tool length of the tool attached to the turret 1
- FIG. 5 shows that the tool length of the tool attached to the turret 2 is longer than the tool length of the tool attached to the turret 1, and the diameter of the tool attached to the turret 1 is larger than that of the tool attached to the turret 2. The larger case is shown.
- R1 and R2 are distances from the turret shaft rotation center to the tool mounting seat, T1 and T2 are tool lengths, and u1 and u2 are eccentric amounts of the machining surface from the workpiece center.
- the machining end position is designated by the machining program
- p12 is obtained in the same manner, and a line y1 connecting p11 and p12 is linearly interpolated on the virtual XY plane.
- p21 is obtained for the subset, and a line y2 connecting p21 and p22 is linearly interpolated on the virtual XY plane.
- the interpolation data is finally converted into actual axis positions of the X axis and the H axis (rotation axis) and output to the servo control unit of each axis, and the C motor rotation, turret rotation, The position control of the turret shaft in the C-axis direction is performed in cooperation.
- FIG. 6 is an example of a processing flowchart of a machining program by the NC apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- Step 1 a machining program is read, and in Step 2, a program command related to the virtual Y axis is decoded, and a predetermined processing program is executed.
- the virtual Y-axis interpolation mode is turned on / off as a command related to the virtual Y-axis, and M37 / M38 is applied to this in this embodiment.
- This M37 enables an interpolation calculation in the virtual XY axis plane, and operates a switching processing unit for selecting machining based on the XZ plane as a normal lathe and machining that can be controlled using the virtual Y axis.
- M37 / M38 is output to the outside and adopts a method of inputting again to the NC apparatus as an external input signal by a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), it is also possible to switch within the NC apparatus.
- PLC Programmable Logic
- a G command for selecting input of the H-axis and C-axis commands, G124 is newly added.
- H1 H2
- H1 axis is interpreted as being driven by the H2 axis data.
- This G code can also be set arbitrarily.
- Step 3 based on the position command of the machining program read in Step 1, the amount of movement from the current position p11, p21 on the virtual XY plane to the command position p12, p22 where the tool correction is performed for the command position of the turret 1 and turret 2 (Processing line segment length) y1 and y2 and turret axis angles h1 and h2 corresponding to y1 and y2 are calculated.
- p11, p12, p21, p22 and the like indicate the start point and end point of the cut surface of the D-cut, but are relative symbols that change sequentially according to the machining, and therefore are not necessarily the same as those described in the flowchart and the like.
- the calculation of the turret shaft angle h2 is not essential, but when the tool length and the tool diameter of the tool attached to the turret are different, the calculation of h2 is also necessary. Since a flexible device (which can be used for control when the tool length and tool diameter of the tool attached to the turret are different) is used, the turret shaft angle h2 is inevitably calculated. ing.
- Step 4 interpolation calculations are performed for the movement amounts y1 and y2 on the virtual XY plane calculated in Step 3 and the turret shaft angle h1 at the programmed command speed F.
- Step 5 the interpolation calculation value on the virtual XY coordinate system is converted into a coordinate value on the XH plane which is the actual axis to be controlled in order to drive the motor to be controlled.
- Step 6 the actual axis movement amount is calculated based on the actual axis coordinate converted from the virtual XY coordinate value to the XH plane coordinate value, and output to the servo control unit of each axis, and the corresponding motor is driven to perform the desired machining. Operate the machine to do.
- the real axis coordinate interpolation data x1 is output to the X1 servo control unit
- the real axis coordinate interpolation data x2 is output to the X2 servo control unit
- the H1 axis servo control unit, the H2 servo control unit, and the C axis servo control unit are
- the real axis coordinate interpolation data h1 is output
- the virtual Y axis control is performed by driving the X1, X2, H1, H2, and C axes.
- the machining program is sequentially read and analyzed in the above-described procedure, and the D-cut machining is executed simultaneously with the designated dimensions, so that the machining can be completed in half of the conventional time.
- each D-cut is the same in the machining program for front and back simultaneous D-cut machining, as shown in the program example of FIG. 1, the shape program commands only the first system, and the axis of the second system is The first system command is used.
- the temporal relationship between the actual simultaneous D-cut machining and the start and end of other machining operations in the first system and the second system is controlled by using a synchronization waiting command (for example, “!” Command). .
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the NC apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, which can perform the processing of the machining program described in FIG.
- 1 is an NC device
- 2 is an input operation unit
- 3 is an input control unit
- 4 is a memory
- 5 is a parameter storage unit
- 6 is a machining program storage unit
- 7 is a shared area
- 8 is a screen display data storage unit.
- 9 is a screen processing unit
- 10 is a display unit.
- 11 is an analysis processing unit
- 12 is a machine control signal processing unit
- 13 is a PLC
- 14 is a virtual Y-axis interpolation mode signal processing unit
- 15 is a simultaneous D-cut command processing means
- 17 is an interpolation processing unit
- 18 is X1 / Y1 /.
- 19 is an X2 / Y2 axis interpolation processing means
- 20 is an axis data output unit.
- Reference numerals 31 to 35 denote X1, X2, H1, H2, and C axis servo control units
- reference numerals 41 to 45 denote X1, X2, H1, H2, and C axis servo motors, respectively.
- 51 is a virtual Y-axis control switching processing unit
- 52a is a first virtual Y-axis control processing unit
- 53 is an X1 / Y1 plane calculation unit
- 54 is an X2 / Y2 plane calculation unit
- 55 is X1 / Y1 ⁇ X1 /.
- H1 coordinate calculation means 56 is X2 / Y2-> X2 / H2 coordinate calculation means
- 57 is H-axis command selection means.
- the input control unit 3 detects a change in the switch signal of the input operation unit 2 operated by the operator, and the parameter storage unit 5 in the memory 4, the machining program storage unit 6, the common area 7, and the screen display data area.
- a signal such as writing or reading that changes the contents of the memory is accessed by accessing each part such as 8.
- Various display data stored at predetermined addresses in the screen display data area 8 are read out by the screen processing unit 9 and displayed at predetermined positions on the display unit 10.
- the parameters stored in the parameter storage unit 5 include NC device specifications and condition data necessary for machine control.
- the machining program describes and stores the operation contents of the machine and the movement path of the blade necessary for machining at least one workpiece in a format that can be read by the NC device.
- the shared area 7 stores temporary data and the like necessary for system control during machining program analysis and machine operation control.
- the screen display data area 8 stores various data specified by the input operation unit 2 such as current position information required by the operator, spindle rotation information, NC device control mode, and output status of various selection signals. ing.
- the analysis processing unit 11 sequentially reads the designated programs from the top of the machining programs stored in the machining program storage unit 6 and refers to the parameter 5 according to the processing procedure designated for each NC command.
- the program is analyzed and executed while temporarily storing the data being processed in the common area 7.
- the machine control signal processing unit 12 reads the information related to the control of the machine peripheral device output from the analysis processing unit 11 to the memory 4 and outputs the information to the PLC 13 to give control information to the ladder circuit. / F outputs various on / off control signals to the machine side. Further, a signal input for control from the PLC 13 to various processing units of the NC or an external signal input from the machine side is written in the shared area 7 in the memory 4 and is applied to the control of the NC device. It operates so that the control of the machine proceeds correctly.
- the virtual Y-axis interpolation mode signal processing means 14 for example, switches an external signal input to the machine control signal processing unit 12 when switching on / off of the virtual Y-axis interpolation mode by a selection signal input from the outside of the NC device. Accept and set or reset certain parameters. This switching control can also be processed inside the NC unit by a command in the machining program. In the first embodiment of the present invention, a method is used in which an auxiliary command (M37 and M38) is converted into an on / off signal and input to the NC device.
- M37 and M38 auxiliary command
- the simultaneous D-cut command processing means 15 in the analysis processing unit 11 is capable of simultaneously performing D-cut processing on both surfaces in the diametrical direction of a workpiece by using two types of turret shafts.
- Step 1, 2 In order to perform the simultaneous D-cut most easily, at least as shown in FIG. 2, the same tool is equally attached to two turret shafts arranged symmetrically with respect to the C axis, and the work center of the two turret shafts is set.
- the position (X-axis) from the center is obtained by interpolation of each system, and the rotation of the turret axis may be synchronously driven using the driving data of the H1 axis with the H2 axis as the reference axis in the description of the command.
- the C axis for rotating the workpiece using the driving data of the H1 axis as the reference axis, a simultaneous D-cut motion can be realized.
- the interpolation processing unit 17 includes X1 / Y1 / C axis interpolation processing means 18 and X2 / Y2 axis interpolation processing means 19.
- X1 / Y1 / C axis interpolation processing means 18 and X2 / Y2 axis interpolation processing means 19.
- drawings and operation descriptions regarding the Z axis are omitted.
- a program for moving the tool to the machining start point is necessary before the D-cut machining and the simultaneous D-cut machining are executed.
- the tool center corrected with respect to the command position is the tool center. The description will be made assuming that they are positioned at p11 and p21.
- interpolation processing means (not shown) of the X1, Z1, C axis and X2, Z2 axis in the interpolation processing unit 17 is used, and the relative movement amount obtained from the machining program is a straight line, an arc, etc.
- the output data is input to the servo control units 31 to 35 of the respective axes via the axis data output unit 20, and the servo motors 41 to 45 are driven by the driving power output from the servo control units 31 to 35. Is driven to rotate.
- the XZ axis, the main axis, the C axis and the like of the lathe that is the machine to be controlled are driven to perform desired machining.
- the first virtual Y-axis control processing unit 52a includes an X1 / Y1 plane calculation unit 53, an X2 / Y2 plane calculation unit 54, an X1 / Y1 ⁇ X1 / H1 coordinate calculation unit 55, and an X2 / Y2 ⁇ X2 / H2 coordinate calculation unit.
- processing start points p11 and p21, end points p12 and p22, line segment lengths y1 and y2, and turret swing angles h1 and h2 are calculated and stored in the shared area 7 of the memory 4 (step 3 in FIG. 6). .
- the X1 / Y1 ⁇ X1 / H1 coordinate calculation means 55 and the X2 / Y2 ⁇ X2 / H2 coordinate calculation means 56 use the coordinate values and command speeds generated by the X1 / Y1 plane calculation means 53 and the X2 / Y2 plane calculation means 54, respectively.
- the coordinate value obtained by integrating the interpolation data output from the interpolation processing unit 17 is converted to a value on the actual axis coordinate of the XH axis corresponding to the actual machine, and this is further converted to the actual movement on the actual axis.
- the H-axis command selection means 57 acts to select command data for rotationally driving the reference turret, the synchronous turret, and the C-axis at the time of simultaneous D-cut control, and to superimpose commands. In these, selection of command data is determined by a G124 command given from the machining program.
- the machining path on the virtual XY coordinate system consisting of the X axis and the virtual Y axis is specified by the machining program, and after tool correction
- the X1 / Y1 / C-axis interpolation processing means 18 performs an interpolation operation so that the tool center of the tool moves along the path y1 specified on the workpiece from the current position p11 to the end position p12 at the specified speed, and the X1, Y1 coordinate system
- the movement amounts and rotation angles of the X1, Y1, and C axes per unit time on the C axis coordinates are calculated.
- the X2 / Y2 axis interpolation processing means 19 performs an interpolation operation so that the tool center after the tool correction moves on the workpiece at the specified speed y2 from the current position p21 to the end position p22, and X2, Y2
- Each movement amount of the X2 axis and the Y2 axis per unit time on the coordinate system is calculated (step 4 in FIG. 6).
- the displacement of the X axis is the displacement of the turret shaft with respect to the center of the C axis
- the displacement of the Y axis corresponds to the rotation angle of the rotation axis (H axis) of the turret shaft. This is done by conversion.
- the angle of the H axis (in the tool center line direction) and the inclination of the C axis are controlled to be parallel.
- the calculated X-axis and Y-axis positions after interpolation calculation are both coordinate positions and correspond to lengths, but the actual mechanical structure is a linear movement axis and a swing rotation axis. Therefore, the calculated X1, X2, Y1, and Y2 data as positions on the virtual XY coordinate system are positioned by the X1 / Y1 ⁇ X1 / H1 coordinate calculation means 55 and the X2 / Y2 ⁇ X2 / H2 coordinate calculation means 56.
- X1 / Y1 ⁇ X1 / H1 coordinate calculation means 55 are converted into actual axis coordinate values of the rotation angle, and actual axis movement amounts x1, x2, and h1 are calculated (step 5 in FIG. 6).
- the actual axis coordinate interpolation data x1 is output to the X1 servo control unit 31 and the actual axis coordinate interpolation data x2 is output to the X2 servo control unit 34 via the axis data output unit 20, and the H1 axis servo is generated by the G124 command.
- the real axis coordinate interpolation data h1 is output to the control unit 32, the H2 servo control unit 35, and the C axis servo control unit 33, and the virtual Y is driven by driving the X1, X2, H1, H2, and C axes.
- Axis control is performed and simultaneous D-cut processing is performed (step 6 in FIG. 6).
- the turret axes of each system are similarly controlled by interpolation calculation.
- the main (reference) side includes interpolation calculation including the C axis.
- calculation is performed only on the XY axes.
- the synchronization side turret shaft angle is superimposed on the synchronization side turret shaft command (the calculation result on the command is 0) with the actual movement amount of the reference side turret shaft. By doing so, the same operation as the reference side turret shaft can be performed.
- the main (reference side) set performs D-cut machining on one side as usual, and the sub (synchronous side) set interprets that the main side XY-axis command is also commanded to the sub side and performs interpolation. Calculation and coordinate conversion are performed in the same manner, and only the turret rotation is driven by the same data as the turret shaft rotation on the main side, so that D-cut processing can be performed simultaneously on the opposite surface.
- the calculated X-axis and Y-axis positions after interpolation calculation are both coordinate positions and correspond to lengths, but the actual mechanical structure is a linear movement axis and a swing rotation axis.
- the calculated X and Y data as the positions on the virtual XY coordinate system are used to calculate the actual position and rotation angle by the X1 / Y1 ⁇ X1 / H1 coordinate calculation means 55 and the X2 / Y2 ⁇ X2 / H2 coordinate calculation means 56.
- the conversion to the axis coordinate value and the calculation of the actual axis movement amounts x and h are the same as the normal D-cut processing.
- FIG. 1 a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1, 3 to 5, 8, and 9.
- FIG. As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, when the tool specifications (tool length and tool diameter) are different between the main set and the subset, simultaneous D-cut machining cannot be performed normally only by performing the control described in the first embodiment. .
- the second embodiment shows an embodiment in which normal machining can be performed even if tool specifications (tool length and tool diameter) are different between the main set and the subset.
- the spindle from the speed loop control to the C-axis control mode that is the position loop control as a preliminary preparation for the virtual Y-axis machining.
- the subset performs the virtual plane calculation, interpolation calculation, and coordinate conversion using the program values commanded for the main set, and the X-axis data is converted to the X2-axis, the X-axis data of the main set is converted to the X1-axis, and the H-axis data is By inputting to the H1 axis, the H2 axis, and the C axis, the operations of the turret 1, the turret 2, and the C axis operate in synchronism, and simultaneous D-cut processing is executed.
- the tool direction and the virtual plane X-axis direction are made parallel (G0Xx1C0H0; or G0Xx1H0; is commanded for each system).
- the tool tip (center) is positioned at a position x1 away from the C-axis center in the X-axis direction, and the C-axis and the H-axis are positioned at 0 degrees.
- a virtual Y axis interpolation mode command (here, for example, M37) is commanded by the machining program of the main set (system 1 $ 1) to set the virtual Y axis interpolation mode.
- synchronization for example, “!
- these commands are G17 commands for selecting an XY plane for biaxial interpolation with two axes X and Y, and virtual Y for establishing a virtual Y-axis interpolation mode.
- a command G0Xx1C0H0
- the master-slave relationship of the H-axis varies depending on the combination of tools, it may be changed later.
- the turret 2 has the same tool diameter as the turret 1, but a tool having a long tool length is set.
- the positioning command to virtual Y-axis coordinate value
- the tool center position corrected by the tool in each system is calculated
- the angles of the H1 and H2 axes are different and the H1 and H2 axis rotation centers are not shown.
- the distance at the center of the workpiece cannot be adjusted. That is, since the two tool lengths have a relationship of T2> T1, when each tool is independently adjusted to the virtual Y-axis machining start position, the swing angle of the turret rotation axes H1 and H2 becomes h1> h2.
- the tool center position and the center position of the turret rotation (H) axis are recalculated and corrected so that the tool axis lines of both turret axes are parallel.
- the comparison between h1 and h2 is performed by the turret axis calculation reference determination means 58 in FIG. 8.
- the recalculation control processing means A59 in FIG. 8 performs processing corresponding to Step 17 in FIG.
- the tool axis of both turret axes can be made parallel by performing processing corresponding to Step 18 in FIG. 9 by the recalculation control processing means B60 in FIG.
- the H2 axis center position recalculated so as to match the angle h1 is obtained from known swing information of the turret 1 and tool length L2 of the turret 2 as known information. Further, the magnitudes of the movement amounts y2 and y1 on the virtual Y axis obtained from this are compared, and y2 and h2 are interpolated using the command speed F for the axis with a large movement amount (here, H2), and the small movement amount As for the axis (H1), y1 and h1 are interpolated at a speed of [F ⁇ y1 / y2].
- H1 and h2 are made equal to each other, and the movement amounts y1 and y2 when recalculated with tool correction are compared, and interpolation is performed by applying the command speed to the larger movement amount.
- the H-axis is driven with the large movement amount side as a reference and the small movement amount side is synchronized.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the NC apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the virtual Y-axis control processing unit 52b of the NC apparatus shown in the first embodiment includes a turret axis calculation reference determining means 58, a recalculation control. Processing means A59 and recalculation control processing means B60 are added. Other configurations are the same as those of the NC apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing of a machining program in which simultaneous D-cut machining can be performed using two different tools by the NC apparatus according to the second embodiment.
- Step 11 the machining program is read, and in Step 12, the program command related to the virtual Y axis is decoded, and a predetermined processing program is executed.
- virtual Y-axis interpolation mode on / off (M37 / M38) as in the first embodiment, this M37 enables interpolation calculation on the virtual XY-axis plane, machining on the XZ plane as a normal lathe, A virtual Y-axis control switching processing unit for selecting machining capable of control using the virtual Y-axis is operated.
- M37 / M38 is output to the outside and is again input to the NC apparatus as an external input signal by the PLC, but can be switched inside the NC apparatus.
- G124H2 H1; is executed, and the H1 axis is defined as the reference side and H2 is defined as the synchronization side.
- Step 13 the X1 / Y1 plane calculation means 53 and the X2 / Y2 plane calculation means 54 use the correction data of the tool attached to each turret based on the position command of the machining program read in Step 11, and the turret 1, Calculate the movement amounts (processing line segment lengths) y1 and y2 from the current positions p11 and p12 of the turret 2 on the virtual XY plane to the command positions p21 and p22, and the angles h1 and h2 of the turret axis corresponding to y1 and y2.
- p11, p12, p21, p22, etc. indicate the start point / end point of the cut surface of the D-cut, but are relative symbols that change sequentially with the machining, so they are described in the flowchart and the like. It is not always the same.
- the angles h1 and h2 are stored in the shared area 7 of the memory 4 and branch to Step 16.
- the X1 / Y1 / C-axis interpolation processing means 18 uses the data stored in the shared area 7 of the memory 4 as a reference side.
- the amount of movement of the axes X1, Y1, and H1 (the amount of movement y1 on the virtual XY plane and the turret shaft angle h1) is interpolated at the programmed command speed F.
- the X2 / Y2 axis interpolation processing means 19 performs interpolation calculation of the movement amounts of the movement amounts X2, Y2 and H2 on the synchronization side (movement amount y2 on the virtual XY plane and turret axis angle h2) at the command speed F in the same manner.
- the H1 axis is used as a reference, the H2 axis and the C axis are also rotationally driven by the H1 axis data (the calculated H2 axis data is not used).
- Step 15 the turret axis calculation reference determination means 58 further determines the magnitude of the value determined as h 1 ⁇ h 2 in Step 14. If h1> h2 is not satisfied (h1 ⁇ h2), “No” branches to Step 17.
- the X1 / Y1 / C axis interpolation processing means 18 is based on the data stored in the common area 7 of the memory 4 and the movement amount of the reference side system axes X1, Y1, H1 (movement amount on the virtual XY plane). y1 and the turret shaft angle h1) are interpolated at the programmed command speed F. Further, the X2 / Y2 axis interpolation processing means 19 interpolates the movement amounts (movement amount y2 and turret axis angle h2 on the virtual XY plane) of the movement amounts X2, Y2 and H2 on the synchronization side with the newly calculated cutting speed Fb. calculate. In this case, since the H1 axis is the reference, the H2 axis and the C axis are also driven to rotate with the H1 axis data (the calculated H2 axis data is not used).
- the X1 / Y1 / C axis interpolation processing means 18 moves based on the data stored in the shared area 7 of the memory 4 based on the movement amount of the axes X1 and Y1 of the reference side system (movement amount y1 on the virtual XY plane). Is interpolated at the newly calculated cutting speed Fb. Further, the X2 / Y2 axis interpolation processing means 19 interpolates the movement amounts (movement amount y2 and turret axis angle h2 on the virtual XY plane) of the synchronization side movement amounts X2, Y2, and H2 at the programmed command speed F. .
- Step 19 the process proceeds to Step 19, where the X1 / Y1 ⁇ X1 / H1 coordinate calculation means 55 and the X2 / Y2 ⁇ X2 / H2 coordinate calculation means 56 are obtained on the virtual XY coordinate system.
- the coordinate values of each XY axis are converted into coordinate values x1, h1, x2, h2 on the XH plane, which is the actual axis that is actually controlled.
- the actual axis movement amount is calculated and output to the servo control units 31 to 35 of each axis, and the corresponding motors 41 to 45 are driven to obtain a desired value.
- the shape program commands only the first system as described above, and the shape data of the second system axis is the first.
- One program value is used.
- the temporal relationship between the actual simultaneous D-cut machining and the start and end of other machining operations in the first system and the second system is controlled by using a synchronization waiting command or the like (for example, “!” Command). .
- the calculated turret shaft angles h1 and h2 are compared to determine which of the main set and the subset the commanded speed F from the machining program and the calculated commanded speed Fb are given.
- the calculated movement amounts y1 and y2 substantially correspond to the turret axis angles h1 and h2, that is, if h1> h2, y1 ⁇ y2 and h1 ⁇ h2.
- a comparison result between the movement amounts y1 and y2 may be used.
- the command speed F from the machining program is given to the set on the y2 side, and the command speed Fb calculated to the set of y1 is given, and if y1> y2, the set from the machining program to the y1 set. And the command speed Fb calculated for the set of y2 may be given.
- FIG. 10 shows an operation example of simultaneous circular arc D-cut processing, and shows an example in which the tool specifications (tool length) are different between the main set and the subset.
- the main set and the subset turret shafts are arranged opposite to each other around the C-axis that grips the workpiece.
- the spindle As preparation in advance for the virtual Y-axis machining, it is necessary to switch the spindle from the speed loop control to the C-axis control mode that is position loop control as in the above-described embodiment.
- the dimensions of the two tools may be different from those in the same case, but the former processing procedure is shown in FIG.
- the arc D cut is a D cut in which one side of a circular section of a workpiece is cut off by a straight line in a normal D cut, but this is cut by a curve represented by a convex or concave arc (this specification) In the book, it is referred to as a (straight line) D cut or an arc D cut for easy distinction).
- the tool direction and the virtual plane X-axis direction are made parallel (G0Xx1H0C0; or G0Xx1H0; is commanded for each system).
- the tool tip (center) is positioned at a position x1 away from the C-axis center in the X-axis direction, and the H-axis and C-axis are positioned at 0 degrees.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram of the NC apparatus according to the third embodiment. Since the basic configuration and operation are the same as those of the second embodiment, the arc D-cut command processing unit 16 and the second embodiment which are mainly different from those of the second embodiment will be described below.
- the three virtual Y-axis control processing units 52c will be described.
- the recalculation control processing unit C61 and the recalculation control processing unit D62 perform recalculation control of the configuration requirements of the second virtual Y-axis control processing unit 52b in the second embodiment.
- the processing unit A59 and the recalculation control processing unit B60 are replaced with each other, and an arc simultaneous D-cut command processing unit 16 is added to the analysis processing unit 11.
- the virtual Y-axis control switching processing unit 51 inputs the output of the interpolation processing unit 17 to the second virtual Y-axis control processing unit 52c.
- the turret axis calculation reference determination means 58 reads out the turret swing angles h1 and h2 from the calculated values in the main and sub planes stored in the memory 4 to determine the size (Steps 114 and 115 in FIG. 13). Based on this result, a reference turret axis is determined, and one of the following arithmetic processing methods is determined.
- the reference axis becomes the main set side, and the interpolation calculation is normally performed, and the H2 axis and the C axis are rotationally driven using the H1 axis output data. If it is determined that h1 ⁇ h2 as a result of the size discrimination, normal machining cannot be performed as it is, so recalculation is performed by changing the calculation condition so that the reference axis is on the sub side as shown in Step 117 of FIG. The H axis selection command is executed, and the H2 axis and the C axis are rotationally driven using the H1 axis output data.
- the recalculation control processing means C61 and the recalculation control processing means D62 execute processing that is performed when there is a magnitude relationship as a result of the magnitude determination by the turret axis calculation reference determination means 58.
- Recalculation control processing means C61 The processing corresponding to Step 117 in FIG. 13 is performed, and the recalculation control processing means D62 performs processing corresponding to Step 118.
- the recalculation control process is performed by performing a series of these processes, and finally converted into the movement amount of the real axis, and the movement data is output to each axis servo control unit via the axis data output unit 19, and the servo motor Drive.
- the arc command method is to specify the end point, center position, and rotation direction as viewed from the current position. Similarly, the end point, radius value, center direction, and rotation direction can be specified. There is.
- the example shown in FIG. 10 is similar to the three-point instruction, and specifies the end point and the depth of the dent viewed from the current position (or the intersection of the workpiece outer circumference circle and the X position from the workpiece center).
- G03 (counterclockwise) is designated at N102, but since there is a three-point passing, G02 (clockwise) is not affected because it only determines whether or not it is an arc command.
- the direction of rotation is also uniquely determined regardless of the command code.
- the processing unit 16 can reversely calculate the machining arc radius and the center position from the command value of the block.
- this three-point passing point indication method it is possible to command only the distance (X value) from the workpiece center at both ends of the arc to be processed into a workpiece having a known radius and the depth of the recess (X value).
- This method has an advantage that it can be calculated and executed inside the NC apparatus without manually calculating the coordinate value of N101 in FIG. From these data, it is possible to draw a designated arc locus on the virtual XY plane, and from this, the coordinate value of each control point can be calculated by arc interpolation.
- a virtual Y-axis interpolation mode command is established by instructing a virtual Y-axis interpolation mode command (here, for example, M37) with the machining program of the main set (system 1).
- G17 for selecting an XY plane for biaxial interpolation with two axes of X and Y.
- the master-slave relationship of the H-axis varies depending on the combination of tools, it may be changed later.
- the case shown in FIG. 10 will be described as an example.
- the turret 2 has the same tool diameter as that of the turret 1, but a tool having a long tool length is set.
- the H2 axial center position is recalculated to fit the angle h 10 has a radius and the center position of the working circle, swing angle of the turret 1, since the tool length L2 of the turret 2 is present as known information, obtained from these . Further, the swing angles h 10 and h 20 on the virtual Y axis obtained from the above are compared, and the arc start point p21, end point p22 and swing angle h 20 are set to the command speed F for a large angle axis (here, H2).
- FIG. 12 is an example of a processing flowchart of a machining program when a tool having the same dimensional specifications is used by the NC device of the third embodiment, but for performing arc machining on the front surface of the workpiece, that is, performing D-cut by an arc.
- the procedure is substantially the same as that according to FIG.
- the subset performs virtual plane calculation, circular interpolation calculation, and real axis coordinate conversion using program values commanded for the main set, and converts the X-axis data to the X2-axis to the main set.
- the X axis data is input to the X1 axis
- the H axis data is input to the H1, H2 and C axes, so that the operations of the turret 1, turret 2 and C axis operate synchronously, and simultaneous arc D cut processing is performed. Executed.
- the machining program is read, and at Step 102, the program command relating to the virtual Y axis is decoded, and a predetermined processing program is executed.
- the virtual Y-axis interpolation mode is turned on / off as a command related to the virtual Y-axis, and M37 / M38 is applied to this in this embodiment.
- This M37 enables an interpolation calculation in the virtual XY axis plane, and operates a switching processing unit for selecting machining based on the XZ plane as a normal lathe and machining that can be controlled using the virtual Y axis.
- M37 / M38 is output to the outside and adopts a method of inputting it again to the NC apparatus as an external input signal by the PLC, it is also possible to switch within the NC apparatus.
- a G command for selecting input of the H-axis and C-axis commands, G124 is newly added.
- H1 H2
- H1 axis is interpreted as being driven by the H2 axis data.
- This G code can also be set arbitrarily.
- Step 103 based on the position command of the machining program read in Step 101, the command positions p21 and p22 in which tool correction is performed on the command positions of the turret 1 and turret 2 from the current positions p11 and p12 on the virtual XY plane, the machining arc radius Further, the center position, the turret axis center position and the swing angle h10 are calculated.
- p11, p12, p21, p22, etc. indicate the start point / end point of the cutting surface of the arc D cut. It doesn't match.
- Step 104 circular interpolation calculation is performed at the programmed command speed F for the position on the virtual XY plane calculated in Step 103 and the turret axis angle h10.
- Step 105 the circular interpolation calculation value on the virtual XY coordinate system is converted into a coordinate value on the XH plane, which is the actual axis to be controlled, in order to drive the motor to be controlled.
- Step 106 the actual axis movement amount is calculated based on the actual axis coordinate converted from the virtual XY coordinate value to the XH plane coordinate value, and is output to the servo control unit of each axis, and the corresponding motor is driven to perform the desired machining. Operate the machine to do.
- the machining program is sequentially read and analyzed in the above-described procedure, and the arc D-cut machining is executed at the same time on the front and back sides with the designated dimensions, and the machining can be completed in half of the conventional time.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing an example of processing of a machining program for performing simultaneous arc D-cut machining using two different tools by the NC apparatus of the third embodiment.
- the machining program is read, and in Step 112, the program command related to the virtual Y axis is decoded, and a predetermined processing program is executed.
- virtual Y-axis interpolation mode on / off (M37 / M38) is the same as in the first and second embodiments, and this M37 enables interpolation calculation in the virtual XY-axis plane, and the XZ plane as a normal lathe
- the virtual Y-axis control switching processing unit for selecting the machining by the above and the machining capable of controlling using the virtual Y-axis is operated.
- M37 / M38 is output to the outside and is again input to the NC apparatus as an external input signal by the PLC, but can be switched inside the NC apparatus.
- arc command for performing arc D cut processing as a related command.
- a pseudo three-point command similar to the three-point designation that can specify the circular arc is used so as to simplify the program.
- the G02 or G03 code indicating that the command is an arc command the end point coordinate value obtained by inverting the polarity of the Y-axis coordinate value of the arc start point, and the line connecting the start point and end point to the bottom of the arc This is expressed by adding the relative value of the X coordinate.
- the starting point position does not need to be relied on by hand calculation or the like, and can be calculated inside the NC unit.
- Step 113 based on the position command of the machining program read in Step 111, using the correction data of the tools attached to the respective turrets, the command positions p21, p12 from the current positions p11, p12 of the turret 1 and turret 2 on the virtual XY plane.
- h 10 and h 20 which are movement angles (swing angles) up to p22 are calculated.
- the turret axis angle is determined together with the turret axis center position by the start point, end point position and tool length of the machining arc.
- p11, p12, p21, p22, etc. indicate the start point and end point of the cutting surface of the arc D cut, but are relative symbols that change sequentially with the machining, and therefore are described in the flowchart and the like. Is not necessarily consistent.
- Step 116 since the workpiece is machined with two tools having the same conditions, the movement amount of the axis X1, Y1, H1 of the reference side system is set at the programmed command speed F, and the movement amount X2 on the synchronization side. , Y2 and H2 are similarly calculated by circular interpolation at the command speed F and used as corresponding axis data excluding the H2 axis. Further, since the H1 axis is used as a reference, the H2 axis and the C axis are also rotated by the H1 axis data.
- Step 115 the value determined as h 10 ⁇ h 20 in Step 114 is further determined. If h 10 > h 20 is not satisfied, the process branches to Step 117 with “No” (h 10 ⁇ h 20 ). Small h 10 angle in Step117 is to match h 20 p11 ', p12', obtained by recalculating the theta 11. p11 ′ and p12 ′ are determined by the intersection of a straight line having the tool length L1 ⁇ cos (h 10 ) as an X coordinate value and the machining arc, and the angle ⁇ 11 of the machining arc at that time is the coordinate value of the above p11 ′ and p12 ′. It can be obtained from the radius of the machining arc.
- the cutting speed Fb F ⁇ ⁇ 20 / ⁇ 11 to be applied to the subset side is further obtained from ⁇ 11 , ⁇ 20 and the command speed F, and F is applied to the main set side, respectively.
- the H1 axis is used as a reference, so the H2 axis and the C axis are also driven to rotate with the H1 axis data.
- the arc length to be compared is arc radius ⁇ angle (rad), but the arc radius is the processing radius and is equal on the front surface and the back surface. Accordingly, the difference between the start point position and the end point position in the arc D cut corresponds to the angle, but in the straight line D cut, it is the difference in the virtual coordinate position itself.
- a command speed is assigned to a long travel distance, a speed proportional to that is obtained and applied to a short travel distance, and recalculation is performed to perform cutting at a speed corresponding to each length. To do.
- Step115 of magnitude determined by h10> h20 and it is determined branches to Step118, as smaller angle h 20 coincides with h 10 p21, p22, obtained by recalculating the theta 21. Since this result is ⁇ 10 ⁇ 21 , the cutting speed Fb F ⁇ ⁇ 10 / ⁇ 21 to be applied to the main set side is further obtained from ⁇ 21 , ⁇ 10 , and the command speed F, and F is applied to the subset side, respectively. To perform circular interpolation calculation.
- Step 116 to Step 118 the process proceeds to Step 119, where the coordinate values of the respective XY axes obtained on the virtual XY coordinate system are converted into coordinate values x1, X on the XH plane which is the actual axis to be actually controlled.
- machining program is sequentially read and analyzed in the above-described procedure, and D-cut machining is performed simultaneously on the front and back sides with the designated dimensions, and machining can be completed in half of the conventional time.
- the shape program commands only the first system, and the shape data of the axis of the second system is The program value of the first system is used.
- the temporal relationship between the actual simultaneous D-cut machining and the start and end of other machining operations in the first system and the second system is controlled by using a synchronization waiting command or the like.
- the synchronous turret is rotated synchronously at the same angle using the operation data of the reference turret shaft, but the two turret shafts are operated independently.
- C-axis drive data is obtained from a turret shaft having a large swing angle. It can cope with the selection control of obtaining.
- the numerical control device includes a main set including an X1 axis, a Z1 axis, and a first turret axis (H1 axis), an X2 axis, a Z2 axis, and a second turret axis (H2) with respect to one C axis. It is suitable for numerical control of a machine in which a subset consisting of (axis) is arranged point-symmetrically.
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Abstract
Description
また、前記Dカットに似た加工内容が特許文献3に図示されているが、X、Z、主軸/C軸、固定角度割出タレットで構成される機械であるので、Y軸制御が必要な所を、極座標変換によってC軸角度に変換しており、加工点軌跡としては正しくても、例えばフラットエンドミルを使って加工すると中央では平面でも、両端に行くほど切削面への工具径による円弧状切込が大きくなり、加工面が保証されない。したがって実際に加工ができる構成・構造ではないといえる。
また、前記Dカットではワークの円形断面の片側を直線で切り落とすが、これを凸または凹状の円弧に代表される曲線で切り落とすDカット(この明細書では区別を容易にするために(直線)Dカット、円弧Dカットと称することとする)を行いたいという要求が出てきた。
尚、Z軸の作動方向はXY平面およびH軸C軸の作動面に垂直な方向であり、本願発明の基本的な動作に影響することは無いので、軸名として挙げても動作等についての説明は割愛する。
具体的には、フライス工具に工具交換され、且つC軸モードが選択されている状態で、次のように機械を制御することにより、ダブルDカット加工を行う。
(1)工具方向と仮想平面X軸方向を平行にする
(2)仮想Y軸補間モード指令(同期送りモードキャンセル、端面加工のXY平面選択)
(3)工具を加工開始位置に移動
(4)フライス加工(C軸、H軸を同時に制御)
(5)工具方向と仮想平面X軸方向を平行にする
(6)仮想Y軸補間モードキャンセル
(7)ワークを反転(C軸)
(8)仮想Y軸補間モード指令
(9)加工開始位置に移動
(10)フライス加工(C軸、H軸を同時に制御)
(11)工具方向と仮想平面X軸方向を平行にする
(12)仮想Y軸補間モードキャンセル
このように機械を制御することにより、ダブルDカット加工を行うが、片面のDカット加工が終わった時点で一旦仮想Y軸補間モードをキャンセルしてC軸を反転させ、改めて仮想Y軸補間モードで反対面に再度Dカット加工を施さなければならず、加工時間が長くなると言う課題があった。
ところが従来、この新たな機械を制御する数値制御装置、即ち、一つのC軸に対して、X1軸、Z1軸、第一のタレット軸から成るメインセットと、X2軸、Z2軸、第二のタレット軸から成るサブセットとを同時に制御し、もって直線、円弧等のダブルDカット加工を同時に行うことができる数値制御装置が存在しなかった。
前記メインセットのタレット軸とサブセットのタレット軸の夫々について、基準側、同期側を選択的に指定し、一方のセットのタレット軸の出力を用いて他方を同期して同時に作動させるモードを選択する同時Dカット制御モード指令を設定し、
当該同時Dカット制御モード指令を、解析実行する同時Dカット指令処理手段と、メインセット側の補間演算を行うX1/Y1/C軸補間処理手段と、サブセット側の補間演算を行うX2/Y2軸補間処理手段と、タレット軸及びC軸の回転角度制御データを、メインセット及びサブセットのどちらから得るかを選択するH軸指令選択手段とを備え、
前記同時Dカット加工制御モード指令がされているとき、前記H軸指令選択手段がタレット軸及びC軸の回転角度制御データをメインセット及びサブセットのどちらから得るかを選択し、この選択されたデータに基づいてC軸に把持したワークの二表面へのDカット加工を同時に行うよう前記機械を制御するものである。
前記H軸指令選択手段が、両タレット軸及びC軸の回転角度制御データを、タレット軸角度が小さい側のセットから得るよう選択するものである。
前記H軸指令選択手段が、両タレット軸及びC軸の回転角度制御データを、工具の実移動量が大きい側のセットから得るよう選択するものである。
以下、この発明の実施例1について、図1、図2、図6及び図7を用いて説明する。
なお、この実施例1は、図2に示すように、タレット1とタレット2に取り付けられる工具の寸法諸元が同一(工具長、工具径などが同一)である場合の実施例である。
図1は、この発明の実施例1に係る新たな構成の機械(一つのC軸に対して、X1軸、Z1軸、第一のタレット軸(H1軸)から成るメインセットと、X2軸、Z2軸、第二のタレット軸(H2軸)から成るサブセットとを、点対称に配置した機械)を制御して行う、同時Dカット加工の動作を示すものである。なお、図1には、各系統のプログラム例も挙げているが、この中のシーケンス番号N101~N103の付されたブロックの内容に基づき基準軸と同期軸が同じ動きをして同時にDカットを行ない、表裏同時に加工ができることになる。
また、この機械でDカット加工を行うには仮想Y軸加工(制御)が必要であるが、この仮想Y軸加工の事前の準備として、フライス工具に工具交換し、主軸を速度ループ制御から位置ループ制御であるC軸制御モードに切り換えておくことが必要である。
メイン、サブ両セットについて前記位置決めを実行した上で、メインセット(系統1 $1)の加工プログラムで仮想Y軸補間モード指令(ここでは例えばM37とする)を指令して仮想Y軸補間モードを確立し、且つX、Yの2軸で2軸補間を行うためのXY平面を選択するG17を指令し、更にメインセットとサブセット(系統2 $2)とを同期待ち合わせさせる指令(例えば「!」指令を用い、メインセットに「!2」、サブセットに「!1」を指令すれば、メインセットとサブセットとが同期待ち合わせすることになる)をする。
続いて同時Dカット制御モード指令(ここではメインセットのH1軸データでサブセットのH2軸を制御するために、新たに定義した例えばG124H2=H1;)を与える(図1の(2)の状態)。
なお、図2~図5上の各タレット軸回転角度h1,h2が0度中心とした片側の角度であるので、各タレット軸の切削移動量y1,y2は前記h1,h2の2倍の角度を用いて算出する必要がある。
Step1で加工プログラムを読み込み、Step2で仮想Y軸に関するプログラム命令を解読し、所定の処理プログラムを実行する。仮想Y軸に関する命令としては仮想Y軸補間モードオン/オフ、この実施例ではM37/M38をこれに充てる。このM37により仮想XY軸平面での補間演算を可能とし、通常の旋盤としてのXZ平面による加工と、仮想Y軸を用いた制御ができる加工とを選択する切換処理部を作動させる。また、M37/M38は外部出力され、PLC(Programmable Logic Controller)により外部入力信号として再度NC装置に入力する方法を採用しているが、NC装置内部で切り換えるようにすることも可能である。
同じ取り付けがされた二つの同じ工具で加工経路が等しい時はタレット回転角度と回転速度も同じであるので、ここでは基本的な指令としてG124H2=H1;を実行し、H1軸を基準側に、H2を同期側に定義しておく。
Step5では仮想XY座標系上の前記補間計算値で、制御対象であるモータを駆動するために、実際に制御する実軸であるXH平面上の座標値に変換する。
以上の様な手順で加工プログラムを順次読み取って解析し、指定された寸法で表裏同時にDカット加工が実行され、従来の半分の時間で加工を終えることができる。
図7において、1はNC装置、2は入力操作部、3は入力制御部、4はメモリ、5はパラメータ記憶部、6は加工プログラム格納部、7は共有エリア、8は画面表示データ記憶部、9は画面処理部、10は表示部である。11は解析処理部、12は機械制御信号処理部、13はPLC、14は仮想Y軸補間モード信号処理部、15は同時Dカット指令処理手段、17は補間処理部、18はX1/Y1/C軸補間手段、19はX2/Y2軸補間処理手段、20は軸データ出力部である。31~35は夫々X1、X2、H1、H2、C軸のサーボ制御部、41~45は夫々X1、X2、H1、H2、C軸のサーボモータである。また、51は仮想Y軸制御切換処理部、52aは第一の仮想Y軸制御処理部、53はX1/Y1平面演算手段、54はX2/Y2平面演算手段、55はX1/Y1→X1/H1座標演算手段、56はX2/Y2→X2/H2座標演算手段、57はH軸指令選択手段である。
機械制御信号処理部12は、解析処理部11からメモリ4に出力される機械周辺装置の制御に関する情報を読み取り、PLC13に出力してラダー回路に制御情報を与えたり、図示しない外部入出力信号I/Fから各種オン/オフ等の制御信号を機械側に出力する。また、PLC13からNCの各種処理部への制御用に入力される信号や機械側から入力される外部信号をメモリ4内の共有エリア7に書き込み、NC装置の制御に作用させ、NC装置及び機械の制御が正しく進行するように作動する。
第一の仮想Y軸制御処理部52aは、X1/Y1平面演算手段53、X2/Y2平面演算手段54、X1/Y1→X1/H1座標演算手段55、X2/Y2→X2/H2座標演算手段56、H軸指令選択手段57から成り、X1/Y1平面演算手段53及びX2/Y2平面演算手段54は、夫々の系統の加工プログラムから、夫々の仮想XY平面上での工具補正された工具中心位置である加工開始点p11、p21、終点p12、p22、線分長y1、y2、及びタレットの振り角度h1、h2を計算し、メモリ4の共有エリア7に格納する(図6のステップ3)。
またH軸指令選択手段57は前述したように、同時Dカット制御時の基準タレットと同期タレット及びC軸を回転駆動する指令データを選択したり、指令を重畳するように作用する。これらは加工プログラムから与えられるG124指令によって指令データの選択が決定される。
そして軸データ出力部20を介して、X1サーボ制御部31に実軸座標補間データx1を、またX2サーボ制御部34に実軸座標補間データx2を出力し、また前記G124指令により、H1軸サーボ制御部32、H2サーボ制御部35及びC軸サーボ制御部33に、実軸座標補間データh1を出力して、X1軸、X2軸、H1軸、H2軸及びC軸を駆動することにより仮想Y軸制御を行い、同時Dカット加工を行う(図6のステップ6)。
但し、同時Dカット加工に於いては前記G124指令により、同期側のタレット軸角度は基準側のタレット軸の実軸移動量を同期側のタレット軸指令(指令上の演算結果は0)に重畳させることで基準側タレット軸と同一の動作をさせることができる。
次に、この発明の実施例2について、図1、図3~図5、図8及び図9を用いて説明する。
なお図3~図5に示すように、メインセットとサブセットで工具諸元(工具長や工具径)が異なる場合、実施例1で説明した制御を行うだけでは同時Dカット加工が正常に行えない。実施例2は、メインセットとサブセットで工具諸元(工具長や工具径)が異なっていても正常な加工が行なえる実施例を示すものである。
図1に示す機械でダブルDカット加工を行うには、加工に先立って、工具方向と仮想平面X軸方向を平行にする(各系統毎にG0Xx1C0H0;またはG0Xx1H0;を指令する)。この指令によりC軸中心からX軸方向にx1離れた位置に工具先端(中心)が位置決めされ、C軸とH軸は0度に位置決めされる。
なお、これらの指令は、図1のプログラム例に示すように、先ずX、Yの2軸で2軸補間を行うためのXY平面を選択するG17指令、仮想Y軸補間モードを確立する仮想Y軸補間モード指令(M37)を指令の後、工具方向と仮想平面X軸方向を平行にする指令(G0Xx1C0H0)を指令してもよい。
続いて同時Dカット制御モード指令(ここでは仮の指令としてメインセットのH1軸データでサブセットのH2軸を制御するために、新たに定義した例えばG124H2=H1;)を与える。但し、H軸の主従関係については工具の組合せにより異なってくるので、後で変更されることもある。
このための手順として、最初の工具補正付位置決め指令の演算を行なった時点で両タレットの振り角h1,h2を比較し、大きい角度(この例ではh1)に合うように他方(H2軸)の工具中心位置及びタレット回転(H)軸の中心位置を再計算し、両タレット軸の工具軸線が平行になるように修正する。
前記h1、h2の比較は図8のタレット軸演算基準判定手段58で行なわれ、h1<h2の場合は図8の再計算制御処理手段A59によって図9のStep17に対応する処理を行ない、h1>h2の場合は同じく図8の再計算制御処理手段B60によって図9のStep18に対応する処理を行なうことにより、両タレット軸の工具軸線を平行にできる。
Step11で加工プログラムを読み込み、Step12で仮想Y軸に関するプログラム命令の解読処理を行い、所定の処理プログラムを実行する。主な命令としては実施例1と同じく仮想Y軸補間モードオン/オフ(M37/M38)、このM37により仮想XY軸平面での補間演算を可能とし、通常の旋盤としてのXZ平面による加工と、仮想Y軸を用いた制御ができる加工とを選択する仮想Y軸制御切換処理部を作動させる。また、M37/M38は外部出力され、PLCにより外部入力信号として再度NC装置に入力しているが、NC装置内部で切り換えるようにすることも可能である。
そして、この再計算した加工開始点p11、終点p12、線分長y1、切削速度Fb、及びX2/Y2平面演算手段54が計算した加工開始点p21、終点p22、線分長y2、タレットの振り角度h2(=h1)を、メモリ4の共有エリア7に格納する。
そして、この再計算した加工開始点p21、終点p22、線分長y2、切削速度Fb、及びX1/Y1平面演算手段53が計算した加工開始点p11、終点p12、線分長y1、タレットの振り角度h1(=h2)を、メモリ4の共有エリア7に格納する。
メインセットとサブセットで工具諸元(工具長や工具径)が異なっていても、以上の様な手順で加工プログラムを順次読み取って解析し、指定された寸法で表裏同時にDカット加工が施され、従来の半分の時間で加工を終えることができる。
即ち、y1<y2であればy2側のセットに加工プログラムからの指令速度Fを、またy1のセットに計算した指令速度Fbを与え、またy1>y2であれば、y1のセットに加工プログラムからの指令速度Fを、またy2のセットに計算した指令速度Fbを与えればよい。
以下、この発明の実施例3について図10~図13を用いて説明する。
図10は同時円弧Dカット加工の動作例で、ここではメインセットとサブセットで工具諸元(工具長)が異なる例を示している。ここでもワークを把持したC軸を中心にしてメインセットとサブセットのタレット軸が対向して配置される。仮想Y軸加工の事前の準備として、主軸を速度ループ制御から位置ループ制御であるC軸制御モードに切り換えておくことが必要なのは前記実施例と同じである。同時円弧Dカット加工に於いても実施例1と実施例2の様に、二つの工具の寸法諸元が同一の場合と異なる場合があるが、前者の処理手順を図12、後者の処理手順を図13のフローチャートを用いて後述する。
円弧Dカットとは前述したように、通常のDカットではワークの円形断面の片側を直線で切り落とすが、これを凸または凹状の円弧に代表される曲線で切り落とすDカットのことである(本明細書では区別を容易にするために(直線)Dカット、円弧Dカットと称している)。
以上のように各部が作動することにより、メインセットとサブセットのタレットに装着されている夫々の工具の寸法諸元が異なっていても、実行前に両タレットの振り角が異なるか否かをチェックし、異なっておれば同一角度になるように再計算するので、両セットを同時に作動させても全軸の動作の整合が取れて正しく同時Dカット加工を行うことができる。
これらのデータより仮想XY平面上に指定された円弧軌跡を描くことができ、これから円弧補間により各制御点の座標値が演算できる。
但し、前記H1,H2軸の角度が異なり、H1,H2軸回転中心とワーク中心の距離も整合が取れなくなるという問題はH1,H2軸を独立して駆動し、実移動量の大きいタレット軸のH軸回転制御データでC軸を作動させることにより解決される。
このための手順として、最初の工具補正付位置決め指令の演算を行なった時点で両タレットの振り角h10,h20を比較し、大きい角度(この例ではh10)に合うように他方(H2軸)の工具中心位置及びタレット回転(H2)軸の中心位置を再計算し、両タレット軸の工具軸線が平行になるように修正する。
尚、実施例1の時と同様に、サブセットはメインセット用に指令されたプログラム値を用いて仮想平面計算、円弧補間計算や実軸座標変換を行い、X軸データをX2軸へ、メインセットのX軸データはX1軸へ、H軸データはH1軸、H2軸及びC軸に入力することによって、タレット1、タレット2及びC軸の動作は同期して作動し、同時円弧Dカット加工が実行される。
同じ取り付けがされた二つの同じ工具で加工経路が等しい時はタレット回転角度と回転速度も同じであるので、ここでは基本的な指令としてG124H2=H1;を実行し、H1軸を基準側に、H2を同期側に定義しておく。
Step105では仮想XY座標系上の前記円弧補間計算値で、制御対象であるモータを駆動するために、実際に制御する実軸であるXH平面上の座標値に変換する。
ここで比較対象となる円弧長は円弧半径×角度(rad)であるが、円弧半径は加工半径であり、表面、裏面で等しい。従って円弧Dカットに於ける始点位置と終点位置の差は角度に対応するが、直線Dカットに於いては仮想座標位置そのものの差となる。
Claims (5)
- 一つのC軸に対して、X1軸、Z1軸及び第一のタレット軸から成るメインセットと、X2軸、Z2軸及び第二のタレット軸から成るサブセットとを、点対称に配置した機械を制御する数値制御装置において、
前記メインセットのタレット軸とサブセットのタレット軸の夫々について、基準側、同期側を選択的に指定し、一方のセットのタレット軸の出力を用いて他方を同期して同時に作動させるモードを選択する同時Dカット制御モード指令を設定し、
当該同時Dカット制御モード指令を、解析実行する同時Dカット指令処理手段と、メインセット側の補間演算を行うX1/Y1/C軸補間処理手段と、サブセット側の補間演算を行うX2/Y2軸補間処理手段と、タレット軸及びC軸の回転角度制御データを、メインセット及びサブセットのどちらから得るかを選択するH軸指令選択手段とを備え、
前記同時Dカット加工制御モード指令がされているとき、前記H軸指令選択手段がタレット軸及びC軸の回転角度制御データをメインセット及びサブセットのどちらから得るかを選択し、この選択されたデータに基づいてC軸に把持したワークの二表面へのDカット加工を同時に行うよう前記機械を制御することを特徴とする数値制御装置。 - 工具を装着したメインセットのタレット軸角度と工具を装着したサブセットのタレット軸角度とを比較し、両タレット間の角度が異なるか否かを判定するタレット軸演算基準判定手段と、このタレット軸演算基準判定手段による判定結果が、両タレット間の角度が異なる場合、タレット軸角度が小さい側のタレット軸角度が、タレット軸角度が大きい側のタレット軸角度に一致するよう、工具の実移動量を再計算するとともに、タレット軸角度が大きい側に与える指令速度を再計算する再計算制御処理手段とを更に備え、
前記H軸指令選択手段が、両タレット軸及びC軸の回転角度制御データを、タレット軸角度が小さい側のセットから得るよう選択するものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の数値制御装置。 - 工具を装着したメインセットのタレット軸における工具の実移動量と工具を装着したサブセットのタレット軸における工具の実移動量とを比較し、両タレット間の工具の実移動量が異なるか否かを判定するタレット軸演算基準判定手段と、このタレット軸演算基準判定手段による判定結果が、両タレット間の工具補正後の工具の実移動量が異なる場合、実移動量が小さい側に与える指令速度を再計算する再計算制御処理手段とを更に備え、
前記H軸指令選択手段が、両タレット軸及びC軸の回転角度制御データを、工具の実移動量が大きい側のセットから得るよう選択するものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の数値制御装置。 - 前記二表面へのDカット加工は、C軸に把持したワークの直径方向の二表面へ平面加工を行う加工であることを特徴とする請求項1~3の何れかに記載の数値制御装置。
- 前記二表面へのDカット加工は、C軸に把持したワークの二表面へ曲面加工を行う加工であることを特徴とする請求項1~3の何れかに記載の数値制御装置。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN102959483A (zh) | 2013-03-06 |
US20130166059A1 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
DE112011105336B4 (de) | 2017-03-23 |
JPWO2012172594A1 (ja) | 2015-02-23 |
CN102959483B (zh) | 2014-08-06 |
DE112011105336T5 (de) | 2014-02-27 |
JP4888619B1 (ja) | 2012-02-29 |
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