CN107942947B - 数控机床圆弧加工编程方法 - Google Patents

数控机床圆弧加工编程方法 Download PDF

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CN107942947B
CN107942947B CN201711275592.8A CN201711275592A CN107942947B CN 107942947 B CN107942947 B CN 107942947B CN 201711275592 A CN201711275592 A CN 201711275592A CN 107942947 B CN107942947 B CN 107942947B
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秦美超
宋华威
潘海鹏
李嘉飞
严情木
刘贤东
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CRRC Dalian Co Ltd
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    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
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    • G05B19/4093Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by part programming, e.g. entry of geometrical information as taken from a technical drawing, combining this with machining and material information to obtain control information, named part programme, for the NC machine
    • G05B19/40937Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by part programming, e.g. entry of geometrical information as taken from a technical drawing, combining this with machining and material information to obtain control information, named part programme, for the NC machine concerning programming of machining or material parameters, pocket machining
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种数控机床圆弧加工编程方法,第一步:以刀具最低点作为对刀点,即加工起始点,根据工件圆弧半径R和刀具圆弧半径r建立数学模型,确定刀具最低点的运动轨迹方程:凸圆工件刀具最低点运动轨迹方程:x2+(y+r)2=(R+r)2;凹圆工件刀具最低点运动轨迹方程:x2+(y+r)2=(R‑r)2。第二步:工件圆弧分为凹圆与凸圆,根据刀具最低点运动轨迹方程和工件形状,应用圆弧插补指令进行编程。本发明的有益效果是不用刀具半径补偿和刀具位置辨别,只用G02、G03圆弧插补就能完成工件的圆弧加工。应用该方法在编制圆弧程序时思路简单,加工出的零件精度高。克服了圆弧半径补偿的切削效率低、程序编制繁琐复杂等缺点,提高了加工效率、减小了废品率。

Description

数控机床圆弧加工编程方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种数控机床圆弧加工编程方法。
背景技术
在数控加工中,往往机床操作者也是零件切削程序的编制者,这就要求编制的程序工艺简单,调整方便,加工精度高等。圆弧加工就体现了数控车床的优点,但是在实际加工大圆弧时,经常遇到使用圆弧刀加工圆弧的情况,现在在数控加工编制圆头刀程序时,需要对刀具半径进行补偿。在加工工件之前,要把刀具圆弧半径补偿的相关数据输入到存储器中,以便使数控系统对刀具的圆弧半径所引起的误差进行自动补偿。也要把代表车刀形状和位置的参数输入到存储器中,在进行刀具半径补偿时,刀具和工件的相对位置不同,刀具圆弧半径补偿的指令也不同,总共有9种刀具方位,并且还得分辨刀具半径的左补偿和刀具半径右补偿。刀具切削点在不断变化,很多情况下由于不能准确的找到节点,刀具半径补偿操作繁琐,加工工艺的选择不当或缺少辅助计算工具常常出现编程困难,重者出现异常加工误差。
发明内容
本发明所解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的不足,提供一种数控机床圆弧加工编程方法。
本发明采用的技术方案是数控机床圆弧加工编程方法,包含以下步骤:
第一步:以刀具最低点作为对刀点,即加工起始点,根据工件圆弧半径R和刀具圆弧半径r建立数学模型,确定刀具最低点的运动轨迹方程:
凸圆工件刀具最低点运动轨迹方程:x2+(y+r)2=(R+r)2
凹圆工件刀具最低点运动轨迹方程:x2+(y+r)2=(R-r)2
其中刀具最低点运动轨迹上点的坐标为(x,y),工件圆弧半径R、刀具圆弧半径r。
第二步:工件圆弧分为凹圆与凸圆,根据刀具最低点运动轨迹方程和工件形状,应用圆弧插补指令进行编程:凸圆选用G03圆弧插补指令,凹圆选用G02圆弧插补指令。
本发明的有益效果是不用刀具半径补偿和刀具位置辨别,只用G02、G03圆弧插补就能完成工件的圆弧加工。应用该方法在编制圆弧程序时思路简单,加工出的零件精度高。克服了圆弧半径补偿的切削效率低、程序编制繁琐复杂等缺点,提高了加工效率、减小了废品率。
附图说明
图1为本发明数控机床圆弧加工编程方法圆弧刀运动轨迹图;
图2为本发明数控机床圆弧加工编程方法刀具轨迹平面直角坐标系。
图中标记为:1-圆弧刀具2-圆弧刀圆心轨迹3-工件圆弧轨迹4-圆弧刀最低点轨迹
具体实施方式
数控机床圆弧加工编程方法,包含以下步骤:
第一步:以刀具最低点作为对刀点,即加工起始点,根据工件圆弧半径R和刀具圆弧半径r建立数学模型,确定刀具最低点的运动轨迹方程:
凸圆工件刀具最低点运动轨迹方程:x2+(y+r)2=(R+r)2
凹圆工件刀具最低点运动轨迹方程:x2+(y+r)2=(R-r)2
其中刀具最低点运动轨迹上点的坐标为(x,y),工件圆弧半径R、刀具圆弧半径r。
第二步:工件圆弧分为凹圆与凸圆,根据刀具最低点运动轨迹方程和工件形状,应用圆弧插补指令进行编程:凸圆选用G03圆弧插补指令,凹圆选用G02圆弧插补指令。
下面以加工凹圆弧为例。确定刀具运动轨迹,以工件圆弧的圆心为原点,建立刀具轨迹平面直角坐标系,设工件圆弧半径R、刀具圆弧半径r,刀具轨迹平面直角坐标系见图2。工件圆弧起点坐标为(0,-R),工件圆弧终点坐标为(R,0),因此圆弧刀圆心轨迹是以R-r为半径的圆弧。
建立数学模型,确定刀具最低点轨迹方程:根据圆弧刀圆心轨迹和圆弧刀最低点轨迹的关系,以图2凹圆工件为例建立刀具最低点轨迹方程,设刀具最低点运动轨迹上点的坐标为(x,y),则刀具最低点运动轨迹方程为:
X2+(Y+r)2=(R-r)2
因此刀具最低点的轨迹为圆心在(0,-r),半径为R-r的圆弧,且起点为(0,-R),终点为(R-r,-r)。
确定工件加工的圆弧起点和终点,总结零件加工轨迹半径。在加工凹圆工件时刀具轨迹为圆心在(0,-r),半径为R-r的圆弧,且起点为(0,-R),终点为(R-r,-r);在加工凸圆时刀具轨迹为圆心在(0,-r),半径为R+r的圆弧,且起点为(0,R),终点为(R+r,-r)。其中R为工件圆弧半径,r为刀具圆弧半径。具体参照凸圆与凹圆工件刀具轨迹对照表。
表一凸圆与凹圆工件刀具轨迹对照表
Figure BDA0001496468220000031
应用表一的规律根据工件形状,刀具半径和工件半径,确定刀具圆弧加工的起点和终点,应用G02圆弧插补指令进行数控编程。

Claims (1)

1.数控机床圆弧加工编程方法,其特征在于:包含以下步骤:
第一步:以刀具最低点作为对刀点,即加工起始点,根据工件圆弧半径R和刀具圆弧半径r建立数学模型,确定刀具最低点的运动轨迹方程:
凸圆工件,刀具最低点运动轨迹方程:x2+(y+r)2=(R+r)2
凹圆工件,刀具最低点运动轨迹方程:x2+(y+r)2=(R-r)2
其中刀具最低点运动轨迹上点的坐标为(x,y),工件圆弧半径R、刀具圆弧半径r;
第二步:工件圆弧分为凹圆与凸圆,根据刀具最低点运动轨迹方程和工件形状,应用圆弧插补指令进行编程:凸圆选用G03圆弧插补指令,凹圆选用G02圆弧插补指令。
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