WO2012108212A1 - 集電体 - Google Patents
集電体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012108212A1 WO2012108212A1 PCT/JP2012/000902 JP2012000902W WO2012108212A1 WO 2012108212 A1 WO2012108212 A1 WO 2012108212A1 JP 2012000902 W JP2012000902 W JP 2012000902W WO 2012108212 A1 WO2012108212 A1 WO 2012108212A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- current collector
- aluminum foil
- electrochemical element
- element according
- aqueous solution
- Prior art date
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910001860 alkaline earth metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 5
- -1 nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyromellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C=C1C(O)=O CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001028 reflection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RLHGFJMGWQXPBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-3-(1h-imidazol-5-ylmethyl)benzamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CC(CC=2NC=NC=2)=C1O RLHGFJMGWQXPBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002126 Acrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018134 Al-Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021365 Al-Mg-Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018131 Al-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021364 Al-Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018182 Al—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018467 Al—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018461 Al—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018571 Al—Zn—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003637 basic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- ANSXAPJVJOKRDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-f][2]benzofuran-1,3,5,7-tetrone Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=CC2=C1C(=O)OC2=O ANSXAPJVJOKRDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003976 glyceryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(O[H])([H])C(O[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000010220 ion permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006173 natural rubber latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003586 protic polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010731 rolling oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
- H01B1/023—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F1/00—Etching metallic material by chemical means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F1/00—Etching metallic material by chemical means
- C23F1/10—Etching compositions
- C23F1/14—Aqueous compositions
- C23F1/16—Acidic compositions
- C23F1/20—Acidic compositions for etching aluminium or alloys thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F1/00—Etching metallic material by chemical means
- C23F1/10—Etching compositions
- C23F1/14—Aqueous compositions
- C23F1/32—Alkaline compositions
- C23F1/36—Alkaline compositions for etching aluminium or alloys thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/26—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
- H01G11/28—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features arranged or disposed on a current collector; Layers or phases between electrodes and current collectors, e.g. adhesives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
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- H01G11/70—Current collectors characterised by their structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/042—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by the material
- H01G9/045—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by the material based on aluminium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
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- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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- H01M4/667—Composites in the form of layers, e.g. coatings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/668—Composites of electroconductive material and synthetic resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12431—Foil or filament smaller than 6 mils
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
- Y10T428/31703—Next to cellulosic
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a current collector.
- this invention relates to the electrical power collector used for electrochemical elements, such as a secondary battery and an electrical double layer capacitor, a solar cell, a touch panel.
- secondary batteries such as lithium ion secondary batteries and nickel metal hydride batteries
- capacitors such as electric double layer capacitors and hybrid capacitors are known.
- Electrodes of electrochemical elements generally include a current collector including a metal foil such as an aluminum foil or a copper foil, and an electrode active material layer.
- An undercoat layer is provided on the surface of the current collector as necessary. In order to reduce the internal resistance and impedance of the electrochemical element, it is necessary to reduce the penetration resistance of the current collector and the electrode.
- the undercoat layer and the electrode active material layer are formed by applying a coating liquid for them to the metal foil.
- a coating liquid for them It is known that the performance of a battery using an electrode including a current collector provided with an undercoat layer varies depending on the surface state of the metal foil.
- Patent Document 1 states that a metal foil having a water contact angle of less than 40 ° is preferably used as a current collector.
- Patent Document 2 proposes to use a current collector made of an aluminum core having a contact angle of N-methylpyrrolidone of 45 ° or less.
- Patent Document 3 is characterized in that a metal current collector is reacted in an acidic aqueous solution at 20 to 80 ° C. or a basic aqueous solution at 20 to 90 ° C.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a collection for a lithium ion battery, which includes cleaning an aluminum grid with a basic solution to remove the alumina layer present on the surface of the grid, and then coating the cleaned aluminum grid with zinc. A method for manufacturing an electrical conductor is described.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a current collector used for an electrochemical element such as a secondary battery or an electric double layer capacitor, a solar battery, a touch panel, or the like, having a low penetration resistance and a small change with time in the penetration resistance. is there.
- the present invention includes the following.
- [3] The current collector for an electrochemical element according to [2], wherein the film contains a binder.
- An electrochemical device current collector comprising the electrochemical device current collector according to any one of [1] to [6] above and an active material layer on one or both sides of the current collector. electrode.
- An electrochemical device comprising the electrochemical device electrode according to [14].
- the electrochemical device according to [15] which is a lithium ion secondary battery or an electric double layer capacitor.
- the current collector according to the present invention has a low penetration resistance and a small change with time in the penetration resistance.
- the electrode according to the present invention can provide an electrochemical element having low internal resistance or impedance.
- the current collector or electrode according to the present invention can be suitably used in electrochemical devices such as secondary batteries and electric double layer capacitors, solar cells, touch panels and the like.
- the surface of the aluminum foil is usually covered with an oxide film.
- the oxide film on the surface of the conventional aluminum foil contains voids and impurities. Therefore, when the surface layer of the conventional aluminum foil is measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, a peak is observed in the vicinity of 930 cm ⁇ 1 to 944 cm ⁇ 1 (see Comparative Example 1).
- the aluminum foil used for the current collector of the present invention has a peak in the range of 945cm -1 ⁇ 962cm -1 in the measurement of the surface layer by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
- the oxide film covering the aluminum foil used in the current collector of the present invention is presumed to be dense with few voids and impurities. As a result, it is considered that the affinity for the undercoat layer and the electrode active material layer provided on the surface of the aluminum foil is increased, the occurrence of poor conduction is reduced, and the above-described effect is exhibited.
- FIG. 1 The figure which shows the spectrum acquired by the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy measurement of the aluminum foil surface manufactured in Example 1.
- FIG. 1 The figure which shows the spectrum acquired by the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy measurement of the aluminum foil surface manufactured by the comparative example 1.
- FIG. 1 The figure which shows the spectrum acquired by the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy measurement of the aluminum foil surface manufactured by the comparative example 1.
- a current collector according to the present invention are those comprising an aluminum foil having a peak in the range of 945cm -1 ⁇ 962cm -1 in the measurement of the surface layer by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
- Aluminum foil used in the present invention the range of 945cm -1 ⁇ 962cm -1 in the measurement of the surface layer by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and more preferably in the range of 948 ⁇ 955cm -1, more preferably 951 ⁇ 954cm It has a peak in the range of -1 .
- Measurement by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is performed under the following conditions.
- An incident angle at which the maximum sensitivity is obtained between an incident angle of 75 ° and 85 ° is set, and only parallel polarized light is monitored by a reflection method using a polarizer. From the viewpoint of measurement accuracy and time required for measurement, the resolution is 2 cm ⁇ 1 to 4 cm ⁇ 1 and the integration is performed 1000 times.
- a gold deposition mirror is used for the background. For each peak having an absorbance of 0.02 or more with respect to the baseline, the wave number at which the absorbance is maximum is recorded as the peak position.
- the aluminum foil used in the present invention is not particularly limited by the thickness, but from the viewpoints of miniaturization of the electrochemical element, aluminum foil and current collectors obtained using the same, and handling properties of electrodes, etc.
- the thickness is preferably 5 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the aluminum foil material those conventionally used as an electrode base material for electrochemical devices can be used.
- Pure aluminum foil 1000 series such as A1085 material
- aluminum alloy foil 2000 [Al—Cu alloy], 3000 series [Al—Mn alloy] such as A3003 material, 4000 series [Al—Si alloy], 5000 series [Al—Mg alloy], 6000 series [Al—Mg—Si alloy] 7000 series [Al—Zn—Mg alloy]
- the aluminum foil material is Si 0.10% by mass or less, Fe 0.12% by mass or less, Cu 0.03% by mass or less, Mn 0.02% by mass.
- the shape of the aluminum foil may be a foil having no holes, or a foil having holes such as a net-like foil or a punching metal foil.
- An aluminum foil having a peak in the above range as measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy can be obtained, for example, by the following method.
- aluminum is rolled to a predetermined thickness to obtain an aluminum foil material.
- the rolling method is not particularly limited, but a method using a cold rolling mill is preferable.
- the rolling oil remaining on the surface of the aluminum foil material may be removed using a surfactant or a solvent.
- the aluminum foil material may have a matte surface with minute irregularities on one surface, a smooth glossy surface on the other surface, a matte surface on both sides, or a glossy surface on both sides It may be a surface. Of these, one with a matte surface and the other with a glossy surface is preferred.
- the surface of the aluminum foil material is washed with a chemical solution capable of dissolving aluminum. It is thought that the aluminum is dissolved by the cleaning, the oxide film on the surface of the aluminum foil material is denatured, voids and impurities are reduced, and the texture becomes finer.
- the cleaning is preferably performed by immersion cleaning. Ultrasonic waves or the like may be applied in the immersion cleaning.
- the equivalent thickness of aluminum dissolved by this cleaning is preferably 10 nm to 1000 nm. More specifically, although it depends on the rolling history, etc., it is usually 200 to 400 nm, preferably 10 to 200 nm when the surface contamination and voids are small, and when the surface contamination is severe or contains many voids. Preferably, it is 400 to 1000 nm.
- the dissolution equivalent thickness is obtained by the following procedure.
- the chemical solution used for cleaning the aluminum foil material is analyzed by an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer, and the mass of aluminum in the solution is calculated.
- the density of the aluminum foil material for example, 2.7 g / cm 3 in the case of pure aluminum
- the value obtained by converting the aluminum mass in the liquid into a volume and dividing the volume by the area of the aluminum foil material using the volume was the equivalent thickness.
- Examples of chemical solutions that can dissolve aluminum include acidic aqueous solutions or alkaline aqueous solutions.
- the acidic aqueous solution include hydrochloric acid, nitric acid aqueous solution, sulfuric acid aqueous solution and the like.
- the alkaline aqueous solution include an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide such as an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution, and an aqueous solution of an alkaline earth metal hydroxide such as magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide.
- the concentration of the acidic aqueous solution is usually 0.1 to 30% by mass, preferably 0.5 to 20% by mass, more preferably 1 to 10% by mass.
- the concentration of the alkaline aqueous solution is usually 0.1 to 30% by mass, preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass.
- the temperature during washing is preferably 10 ° C. or higher and 80 ° C. or lower, more preferably 10 ° C. or higher and lower than 40 ° C.
- rinsing can be performed with pure water.
- the number of rinses and the amount of pure water used are not particularly limited.
- an alkaline aqueous solution is used as the chemical solution, it is preferable to neutralize with 0.1 to 5 mol / L sulfuric acid before rinsing with pure water.
- the temperature of pure water during rinsing is preferably 20 to 80 ° C, more preferably 30 to 50 ° C.
- pure water include distilled water, RO water, deionized water, and purified water [Nippon Pharmacopoeia].
- the impurity concentration of pure water is preferably 1000 ⁇ g / L or less, more preferably 10 ⁇ g / L or less.
- the conductivity of pure water is preferably 1 ⁇ S / cm or less, more preferably 0.07 ⁇ S / cm or less.
- heat treatment is preferably performed at 70 to 200 ° C., more preferably 80 to 180 ° C. in an air atmosphere for 1 to 5 minutes. Water and volatile components are removed by this heat treatment.
- the heat treatment temperature and heat treatment time can be adjusted as follows. First, a trial heat treatment is performed. Then. The surface layer of the obtained current collector is measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. When a peak is observed on the lower wave number side than the target wave number, the temperature in the actual heat treatment is increased or the treatment time is shortened.
- the temperature in the actual heat treatment is lowered or the treatment time is lengthened.
- the adjustment of the heat treatment temperature and the heat treatment time as described above is preferably performed when the dissolution equivalent thickness is 400 nm or more.
- a film containing a conductive material is further provided on one surface or both surfaces of the aluminum foil.
- This film functions as the above-described undercoat layer and usually does not contain an electrode active material.
- the thickness of the film is preferably 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.5 to 5 ⁇ m, and the basis weight is preferably 0.00. 2 to 5 g / m 2 , more preferably 0.5 to 3 g / m 2 .
- the conductive material contained in the film is preferably a carbonaceous material containing carbon as a main component.
- the carbonaceous material include acetylene black, ketjen black, carbon fiber, carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber, and graphite.
- fibrous carbonaceous materials such as carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanofibers or acetylene black are preferable.
- vapor-grown carbon fibers are used from the viewpoint of conductivity and dispersibility. preferable.
- These carbonaceous materials can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of conductive materials other than carbonaceous materials include powders of metals such as gold, silver, copper, nickel, and aluminum.
- the conductive material is not particularly limited by its shape, and may be, for example, a spherical shape, a flat shape, or an indefinite shape.
- the size of the conductive material is preferably a number average primary particle size of 10 nm to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 nm to 100 nm.
- the number average fiber diameter is preferably 0.001 ⁇ m to 0.5 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.003 ⁇ m to 0.2 ⁇ m, and the number average fiber length is preferably 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably. Is from 1 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter, average fiber length, or average fiber diameter of the conductive material is calculated by measuring the particle diameter, fiber diameter, or fiber length of 100 to 1000 conductive materials using an electron microscope, and calculating the number average. .
- the conductive material preferably has a powder electrical resistance of 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less measured in accordance with JIS K1469.
- the film preferably contains a binder from the viewpoint of film formation cost.
- binders include polysaccharides because of their excellent ion permeability of the film.
- a polysaccharide is a polymer compound in which a number of monosaccharides or derivatives thereof are polymerized by glycosidic bonds.
- a polymer obtained by polymerizing 10 or more monosaccharides or derivatives thereof is generally called a polysaccharide, but even a polymer obtained by polymerizing 10 or less monosaccharides can be used.
- polysaccharides examples include cellulose and chitosan.
- a polysaccharide modified with a functional group such as carboxymethyl group, carboxyethyl group, hydroxyethyl group, hydroxypropyl group, glyceryl group is preferred.
- a particularly preferred polysaccharide modified with a functional group is glycerylated chitosan.
- Glycerylated chitosan can be produced, for example, by the method described in Japanese Patent No. 3958536 (corresponding US application: US 2004/092620 A1).
- binders other than polysaccharides include fluoropolymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride; latexes such as natural rubber latex, styrene butadiene rubber latex, and chloroprene rubber latex; acrylic acid, Mention may be made of acrylic acid copolymers containing acrylic monomers such as methacrylic acid and itaconic acid.
- the amount of the binder is preferably 10 to 300 parts by mass, more preferably 10 to 200 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the conductive material.
- the above film is a dispersion stabilizer, thickener, anti-settling agent, anti-skinning agent, antifoaming agent, antistatic agent, anti-sagging agent, leveling agent, anti-repelling agent, cross-linking agent.
- additives such as a crosslinking catalyst may be included.
- the film when a polysaccharide is included as a binder, the film preferably includes a carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof as a dispersion stabilizer or a crosslinking agent.
- carboxylic acids include pyromellitic acid or 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid.
- carboxylic acid derivatives include esters, acid chlorides, and acid anhydrides. Of these, acid anhydrides are preferred.
- Carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of carboxylic acid used is preferably 30 to 300 parts by mass, more preferably 40 to 120 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polysaccharide.
- the film containing the conductive material is obtained by applying a coating liquid obtained by mixing the conductive material, a binder, and, if necessary, an additive and a dispersion medium onto an aluminum foil and drying it.
- the dispersion medium include aprotic polar solvents such as N-methylpyrrolidone and ⁇ -butyrolactone; protic polar solvents such as ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and n-propyl alcohol; water and the like.
- the amount of the dispersion medium in the coating liquid is preferably 70 to 99% by mass, more preferably 80 to 95% by mass.
- a heat-crosslinking binder as the binder, it is necessary to dry at a temperature and time sufficient for crosslinking.
- a binder containing a polysaccharide is crosslinked with a carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof, it is preferably dried at 120 to 250 ° C. for 10 seconds to 10 minutes.
- a conductive material such as a vapor grown carbon fiber, carbon nanotube, or carbon nanofiber can be grown directly on the surface of an aluminum foil by a method such as chemical vapor deposition. It is also possible to form a coating containing it. (electrode)
- An electrode of a lithium ion secondary battery or an electric double layer capacitor is obtained by forming an electrode active material layer on a current collector (on the film when an undercoat layer is formed).
- an electrode active material layer there are no particular limitations on the material used for the electrode active material layer and the method for forming the electrode active material layer, and known materials used for the production of electrochemical elements such as lithium ion secondary batteries, electric double layer capacitors, and hybrid capacitors. The method can be adopted.
- the current collector according to the present invention can also be used for electrodes of electrochemical elements other than those described above, or electrodes of solar cells, touch panels, sensors, and the like.
- the electrochemical element has the above-described electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte, and these are covered with an exterior material.
- the electrode in the electrochemical element may be an electrode according to the present invention, both of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, or may be either a positive electrode or a negative electrode according to the present invention, and the other may be a known electrode. Good.
- the positive electrode is preferably the electrode according to the present invention.
- the electrolyte, separator, and exterior material are not particularly limited as long as they are used in secondary batteries such as lithium ion batteries, electric double layer capacitors, and hybrid capacitors.
- Electrochemical elements can be applied to power supply systems.
- this power supply system includes automobiles; transport equipment such as railways, ships and airplanes; portable equipment such as mobile phones, personal digital assistants and portable electronic computers; office equipment; solar power generation systems, wind power generation systems, fuel cell systems, etc. It can be applied to the power generation system.
- Examples 1 to 3 Preparation of aluminum foil
- the aluminum foil material was cut to a size of 20 cm wide and 30 cm long.
- the aluminum foil material was immersed in 30 L of hydrochloric acid having a hydrogen chloride concentration of 2% by mass maintained at 25 ° C. and washed so as to have a thickness corresponding to the dissolution amount shown in Table 1.
- the equivalent amount of dissolution was adjusted by changing the immersion time between 5 seconds and 5 minutes.
- the thickness equivalent to the dissolution amount is an aluminum analytical line (167.100) obtained by measuring the mass of aluminum dissolved in the chemical solution using an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (trade name VISTA-PRO) manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc. 02 mass), and then the mass was converted into a volume based on the density of pure aluminum 2.7 g / cm 3 and the volume was obtained by dividing the volume by the area of the aluminum foil material.
- the aluminum foil material was pulled up from the chemical solution and thoroughly rinsed with pure water (conductivity: 0.07 ⁇ S / cm) at 30 ° C. Then, it heat-processed for 2 minutes in the 80 degreeC drying furnace in air
- This slurry was applied to one side of the aluminum foil using a bar coater and dried at 180 ° C. for 1 minute to produce a current collector made of an aluminum foil with an undercoat layer.
- the thickness of the undercoat layer was 1 ⁇ m, and the basis weight was 0.5 g / m 2 .
- Example 4 A current collector was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the chemical solution was changed to a 1% by mass sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and neutralized with 1 mol / L sulfuric acid before rinsing with pure water.
- FIG. 2 shows a spectrum obtained by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry of the aluminum foil surface obtained in Comparative Example 1.
- the current collector made of an aluminum foil with an undercoat layer prepared in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1 was cut to prepare two current collector sections having a width of 20 mm and a length of 100 mm. Two current collector sections were overlapped and placed on a vinyl chloride plate so that the surfaces provided with a film containing a conductive material face each other and the contact surface was 20 mm wide and 20 mm long. . The contact surface was fixed by applying a load of 1 kg / cm 2 to the contact surface. A milliohm meter was connected to each end of the current collector sections that were not in contact with each other, and the AC resistance of the current collector was measured. This measured value was defined as a penetration resistance.
- a low penetration resistance indicates that it is suitable for an electrode of an electrochemical device.
- the evaluation results of the initial penetration resistance are shown by the following indices according to the range of the penetration resistance. ⁇ : Less than 100 m ⁇ ⁇ : 100 m ⁇ to 150 m ⁇ ⁇ : 150 m ⁇ or more
- the current collector made of an aluminum foil with an undercoat layer prepared in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1 was cut to prepare two current collector sections having a width of 20 mm and a length of 100 mm.
- the evaluation results of the change in penetration resistance with time are shown by the following indices according to the range of the increase rate. ⁇ : Increase rate of less than 200% ⁇ : Increase rate of 200% or more
- the current collector according to the present invention has a low penetration resistance and a small change with time in the penetration resistance. This indicates that the electrode using the current collector according to the present invention can provide an electrochemical element having low internal resistance or impedance.
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Abstract
Description
また、特許文献3には、金属集電体を20~80℃の酸性水溶液または20~90℃の塩基性水溶液において10分以下で反応させ、その後、純水で洗浄し、乾燥することを特徴とする二次電池用集電体の処理方法が記載されている。特許文献3の処理においては酸性水溶液または塩基性水溶液による反応で金属集電体の表面にベーマイトが生成し、それを乾燥させるとボイドを有する表面酸化膜が形成され金属集電体の比表面積が増大する。特許文献4には、アルミニウムグリッドを塩基性溶液を用いて洗浄することによって前記グリッド表面に存在するアルミナ層を除去し、次いで洗浄されたアルミニウムグリッドを亜鉛でコーティングすることを含むリチウムイオン電池用集電体の製造方法が記載されている。
[1]フーリエ変換赤外分光法による表面層の測定において945cm-1~962cm-1の範囲にピークを有するアルミニウム箔を含んで成る電気化学素子用集電体。
[2]前記アルミニウム箔の片面または両面に、導電材を含む皮膜をさらに含んで成る[1]に記載の電気化学素子用集電体。
[3]前記皮膜が結着剤を含む[2]に記載の電気化学素子用集電体。
[4]前記結着剤が多糖類を含む[3]に記載の電気化学素子用集電体。
[5]前記皮膜がカルボン酸またはその誘導体を含む[4]に記載の電気化学素子用集電体。
[6]前記導電材が炭素質材料である[2]~[5]のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学素子用集電体。
[8]前記薬液が酸性水溶液またはアルカリ性水溶液である[7]に記載の電気化学素子用集電体の製造方法。
[9]前記薬液が塩酸、硝酸水溶液および硫酸水溶液からなる群より選ばれる一種以上を含む[7]に記載の電気化学素子用集電体の製造方法。
[10]前記薬液がアルカリ金属水酸化物の水溶液およびアルカリ土類金属水酸化物の水溶液からなる群より選ばれる一種以上を含む[7]に記載の電気化学素子用集電体の製造方法。
[11]薬液洗浄の後に、70~200℃でアルミニウム箔を熱処理する工程をさらに含む[7]~[10]のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学素子用集電体の製造方法。
[12]アルミニウム箔の片面または両面に、導電材を含む皮膜を形成する工程をさらに含む[7]~[11]のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学素子用集電体の製造方法。
[13]前記皮膜形成工程は、塗工液を塗布することを含む、[12]に記載の電気化学素子用集電体の製造方法。
[15]前記[14]に記載の電気化学素子用電極を含む電気化学素子。
[16]リチウムイオン二次電池または電気二重層キャパシタである[15]に記載の電気化学素子。
これに対して、本発明の集電体に用いられるアルミニウム箔は、フーリエ変換赤外分光法による表面層の測定において945cm-1~962cm-1の範囲にピークを有する。本発明の集電体に用いられるアルミニウム箔を覆う酸化皮膜は、ボイドや不純物が少なく、緻密であると推測される。その結果として、アルミニウム箔の表面に設けられるアンダーコート層や電極活物質層に対する親和性が高くなり、また通電不良を起こすことが減り、上記の効果を奏すると考えられる。
本発明に用いられるアルミニウム箔は、フーリエ変換赤外分光法による表面層の測定において945cm-1~962cm-1の範囲に、より好ましくは948~955cm-1の範囲に、さらに好ましくは951~954cm-1の範囲にピークを有するものである。
フーリエ変換赤外分光法による測定で、上記範囲にピークをもつアルミニウム箔は、例えば、以下の方法で得ることができる。
この洗浄によるアルミニウムの溶解量相当厚は、好ましくは10nm~1000nmである。より詳細には、圧延履歴等によっても異なるが、通常200~400nm、表面の汚染やボイドが少ない場合には好ましくは10~200nmであり、表面の汚染が激しい場合やボイドを多く含む場合には好ましくは400~1000nmである。ここで、溶解量相当厚は、以下の手順で求める。アルミニウム箔素材の洗浄に使用した薬液を誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析装置によって分析して当該液中のアルミニウムの質量を算出する。アルミニウム箔素材の密度(例えば、純アルミニウムの場合は、2.7g/cm3)に基づいて、液中のアルミニウム質量を体積に換算し、該体積を使用したアルミニウム箔素材の面積で除算した値を溶解量相当厚とした。
リンス後、好ましくは70~200℃、より好ましくは80~180℃の大気雰囲気下で、1~5分間熱処理する。この熱処理によって水気や揮発成分が除去される。なお、熱処理温度および熱処理時間を以下のようにして調整することができる。先ず、試し熱処理を行う。次いで。得られた集電体の表面層をフーリエ変換赤外分光法で測定する。目的とする波数より低波数側にピークが認められる場合は、本番熱処理における温度を高くまたは処理時間を短くする。目的とする波数より高波数側にピークが認められる場合は、本番熱処理における温度を低くまたは処理時間を長くする。上記のような熱処理温度および熱処理時間の調整は、溶解量相当厚を400nm以上とした場合に、行うのが好ましい。
本発明に係る集電体は、アルミニウム箔の片面または両面に、導電材を含む皮膜がさらに設けられていることが好ましい。この皮膜は、前述のアンダーコート層として機能するものであり、通常は電極活物質を含まない。電気化学素子の小型化や、内部抵抗またはインピーダンスの低減の観点から、皮膜の厚みは、好ましくは0.1~10μm、より好ましくは0.5~5μmであり、目付け量は、好ましくは0.2~5g/m2、より好ましくは0.5~3g/m2である。
上記皮膜に含まれる導電材は、炭素を主構成成分とする炭素質材であることが好ましい。炭素質材としては、アセチレンブラック、ケッチェンブラック、炭素繊維、カーボンナノチューブ、カーボンナノファイバー、グラファイトなどが挙げられる。これらのうち、炭素繊維、カーボンナノチューブ、カーボンナノファイバーなどの繊維状炭素質材またはアセチレンブラックが好ましく、繊維状炭素質材の中では、導電性や分散性の観点から、気相成長炭素繊維が好ましい。これらの炭素質材は一種単独でまたは二種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
炭素質材以外の導電材としては、金、銀、銅、ニッケル、アルミなどの金属の粉末が挙げられる。
上記皮膜は、皮膜形成のコストなどの面から、結着剤を含むことが好ましい。好ましい結着剤の例としては、皮膜のイオン透過性に優れることなどから、多糖類が挙げられる。多糖類は、単糖類またはその誘導体が、グリコシド結合によって多数重合した高分子化合物である。通常10以上の単糖類またはその誘導体が重合したものを多糖類と言うが、10以下の単糖類が重合したものであっても、使用することができる。
上記皮膜は、必要に応じて、分散安定剤、増粘剤、沈降防止剤、皮張り防止剤、消泡剤、静電塗装性改良剤、タレ防止剤、レベリング剤、ハジキ防止剤、架橋剤、架橋触媒などの添加剤を含んでもよい。
上記導電材を含む皮膜は、上記の導電材、結着剤および必要に応じて添加剤と、分散媒とを混合した塗工液を、アルミニウム箔上に塗布し、乾燥させることによって得られる。分散媒の例としては、N-メチルピロリドン、γ-ブチロラクトンなどの非プロトン性極性溶媒; エタノール、イソプロピルアルコール、n-プロピルアルコールなどのプロトン性極性溶媒; 水などが挙げられる。塗工液中の分散媒の量は好ましくは70~99質量%、より好ましくは80~95質量%である。
(電極)
電気化学素子は、前述の電極、さらにセパレーターおよび電解質を有し、これらを外装材で覆ってなるものである。電気化学素子における電極は、正極および負極の両方が本発明に係る電極であってもよいし、正極または負極のどちらか一方が本発明に係る電極であり、他方が公知の電極であってもよい。リチウムイオン電池においては、少なくとも正極が本発明に係る電極であることが好ましい。電解質、セパレーターおよび外装材は、リチウムイオン電池などの二次電池、電気二重層キャパシタ、ハイブリッドキャパシタなどにおいて使用されているものであれば特に制限されない。
(アルミニウム箔の作製)
Si0.10質量%以下、Fe0.12質量%以下、Cu0.03質量%以下、Mn0.02質量%以下、Mg0.02質量%以下、Zn0.03%質量以下、Ga0.03質量%以下、V0.05質量%以下、Ti0.02質量%以下、およびAl99.85質量%以上であり、その他元素は個々に0.01質量%以下である純アルミニウムの圧延処理によって50μm厚のアルミニウム箔素材を用意した。アルミニウム箔素材をカットして幅20cm長さ30cmの大きさにした。アルミニウム箔素材を25℃に保った塩化水素濃度2質量%の塩酸30Lに浸漬し、表1に示す溶解量相当厚となるように洗浄した。なお、溶解量相当厚は浸漬時間を5秒~5分の間で変えることにより調整した。なお、溶解量相当厚は、薬液に溶解したアルミニウムの質量を、セイコーインスツル社製の誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析装置(商品名VISTA-PRO)を用いて測定されたアルミニウムの分析線(167.02nm)に基いて算出し、次いで純アルミニウムの密度2.7g/cm3に基いて質量を体積に換算し、該体積をアルミニウム箔素材の面積で除算して得た。
アルミニウム箔素材を薬液から引き上げ、30℃の純水(導電率0.07μS/cm)で充分リンスした。その後、大気雰囲気下、80℃の乾燥炉で2分間熱処理して、アルミニウム箔を得た。
上記で得られたアルミニウム箔の表面を、バリアン社製のフーリエ変換赤外分光装置FTS-6000を用い、入射角83°に設定し、偏光子を用いて平行偏光のみを反射法にてモニタリングした。バックグラウンドには金蒸着ミラーを用い、4cm-1の分解能で、1000回の積算を行った。ベースラインに対して吸光度が0.02以上である各ピークについて、吸光度が最大となる波数をピーク位置として記録した。
実施例1~3で得られたアルミニウム箔のピーク位置を表1に示す。また実施例1で得られたアルミニウム箔表面のフーリエ変換赤外分光測定により得られたスペクトルを図1に示す。
導電材としてアセチレンブラック(電気化学工業(株)製商品名デンカブラックHS-100)5質量部、結着剤として日本特許3958536号(対応する米国出願:US 2004/092620 A1)に記載の方法で製造したグリセリル化キトサン2.5質量部、添加剤としてピロメリット酸無水物2.5質量部、および分散媒としてN-メチル-2-ピロリドンを90質量部を配合し、ディゾルバータイプの撹拌機を用いて回転数300rpmで10分間攪拌して、スラリーを作製した。このスラリーを上記アルミニウム箔の片面にバーコーターを用いて塗布し、180℃にて1分間乾燥してアンダーコート層付きアルミニウム箔からなる集電体を作製した。アンダーコート層の厚みは1μm、目付け量は0.5g/m2であった。
薬液を1質量%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液に変更し、純水でリンスする前に1mol/L硫酸による中和処理を行った以外は、実施例1と同じ方法で集電体を作製した。
薬液による浸漬洗浄を温水による1分間浸漬洗浄に変更した以外は、実施例1と同じ方法で集電体を作製した。比較例1で得られたアルミニウム箔表面のフーリエ変換赤外分光測定により得られたスペクトルを図2に示す。
実施例1~4および比較例1で作製したアンダーコート層付きアルミニウム箔からなる集電体をカットして、幅20mm長さ100mmの集電体切片を2枚作製した。導電材を含む皮膜を設けた面同士を向かい合わせ、接触面が幅20mm長さ20mmになるように、2枚の集電体切片を交差して重ね、それを塩化ビニル板の上に置いた。前記接触面の部分に1kg/cm2の荷重をかけて接触面を固定した。集電体切片の相互に接触していないそれぞれの端部にミリオームメーターを接続し、集電体の交流抵抗を測定した。この測定値を貫通抵抗とした。低い貫通抵抗は電気化学素子の電極に適していることを示す。
初期の貫通抵抗の評価結果を貫通抵抗の範囲に応じて以下のような指標で示した。
◎:100mΩ未満
○:100mΩから150mΩ
×:150mΩ以上
実施例1~4および比較例1で作製したアンダーコート層付きアルミニウム箔からなる集電体をカットして、幅20mm長さ100mmの集電体切片を2枚作製した。集電体切片を湿度80%温度40℃の中で24時間保持した。その後、上記と同じ方法で貫通抵抗を測定し、初期貫通抵抗に対する上昇率を算出した。
貫通抵抗の経時変化の評価結果を上昇率の範囲に応じて以下のような指標で示した。
○:上昇率200%未満
×:上昇率200%以上
Claims (16)
- フーリエ変換赤外分光法による表面層の測定において945cm-1~962cm-1の範囲にピークを有するアルミニウム箔を含んで成る電気化学素子用集電体。
- 前記アルミニウム箔の片面または両面に、導電材を含む皮膜をさらに含んで成る請求項1に記載の電気化学素子用集電体。
- 前記皮膜が結着剤を含む請求項2に記載の電気化学素子用集電体。
- 前記結着剤が多糖類を含む請求項3に記載の電気化学素子用集電体。
- 前記皮膜がカルボン酸またはその誘導体を含む請求項4に記載の電気化学素子用集電体。
- 前記導電材が炭素質材料である請求項2~5のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学素子用集電体。
- アルミニウム箔素材を用意し、 該アルミニウム箔素材の表面を、アルミニウムを溶解可能な薬液によって洗浄する工程を含む、 フーリエ変換赤外分光法による表面層の測定において945cm-1~962cm-1の範囲にピークを有するアルミニウム箔を含んで成る電気化学素子用集電体の製造方法。
- 前記薬液が酸性水溶液またはアルカリ性水溶液である請求項7に記載の電気化学素子用集電体の製造方法。
- 前記薬液が塩酸、硝酸水溶液および硫酸水溶液からなる群より選ばれる一種以上を含む請求項7に記載の電気化学素子用集電体の製造方法。
- 前記薬液がアルカリ金属水酸化物の水溶液およびアルカリ土類金属水酸化物の水溶液からなる群より選ばれる一種以上を含む請求項7に記載の電気化学素子用集電体の製造方法。
- 薬液洗浄工程の後に、70~200℃でアルミニウム箔を熱処理する工程をさらに含む請求項7~10のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学素子用集電体の製造方法。
- アルミニウム箔の片面または両面に、導電材を含む皮膜を形成する工程をさらに含む請求項7~11のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学素子用集電体の製造方法。
- 前記皮膜形成工程は、塗工液を塗布することを含む、請求項12に記載の電気化学素子用集電体の製造方法。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学素子用集電体と、 該集電体の片面または両面に有する活物質層と を含んで成る電気化学素子用電極。
- 請求項14に記載の電気化学素子用電極を含む電気化学素子。
- リチウムイオン二次電池または電気二重層キャパシタである請求項15に記載の電気化学素子。
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- 2012-02-10 WO PCT/JP2012/000902 patent/WO2012108212A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2012-02-10 US US13/984,208 patent/US20130323589A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-02-10 EP EP12745152.4A patent/EP2675004A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-02-10 JP JP2012524018A patent/JP5039872B1/ja active Active
- 2012-02-10 CN CN201280001862.5A patent/CN102971898B/zh active Active
- 2012-02-10 KR KR1020127034250A patent/KR101472873B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2012-05-29 JP JP2012121680A patent/JP2012199244A/ja active Pending
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Cited By (6)
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JP2014116317A (ja) * | 2012-08-29 | 2014-06-26 | Showa Denko Kk | 蓄電デバイスおよびその製造方法 |
JP2018137236A (ja) * | 2012-08-29 | 2018-08-30 | 昭和電工株式会社 | 蓄電デバイスおよびその製造方法 |
EP2903059A4 (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2016-04-13 | Showa Denko Kk | POSITIVE ELECTRODE FOR SECONDARY BATTERIES AND SECONDARY BATTERY |
JP2016196695A (ja) * | 2015-04-06 | 2016-11-24 | 住友化学株式会社 | 高純度アルミニウム粒材およびその製造方法 |
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CN110233233A (zh) * | 2018-03-06 | 2019-09-13 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 正极、非水电解质二次电池、以及正极的制造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20130323589A1 (en) | 2013-12-05 |
KR101472873B1 (ko) | 2014-12-15 |
EP2675004A1 (en) | 2013-12-18 |
EP2675004A4 (en) | 2016-06-29 |
CN102971898A (zh) | 2013-03-13 |
CN102971898B (zh) | 2015-10-07 |
JP2012199244A (ja) | 2012-10-18 |
JPWO2012108212A1 (ja) | 2014-07-03 |
JP5039872B1 (ja) | 2012-10-03 |
KR20130031304A (ko) | 2013-03-28 |
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